Cabletron Systems CSX200 User Manual

CSX200 CyberSWITCH

Installation Guide

9032753

Notice

Cabletron Systems reserves the right to make changes in speciﬁcations and other information contained in this document without prior notice. The reader should in all cases consult Cabletron Systems to determine whether any such changes have been made.

The hardware, ﬁrmware, or software described in this manual is subject to change without notice. IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON SYSTEMS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, OR

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMA GES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED T O LOST PROFITS) ARISING OUT OF OR RELATED TO THIS MANUAL OR THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN IT, EVEN IF CABLETRON SYSTEMS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF, KNOWN, OR SHOULD HAVE KNOWN, THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.



Part Number: 9032753 August 1998

Cabletron Systems, LANVIEW, QuickSET,

are trademarks of Cabletron Systems, Inc. All other product names mentioned in this manual may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective companies.

FCC Notice

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

NOTE:

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment uses, generates, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed in accordance with the operator’s manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

WARNING:

could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Changes or modiﬁcations made to this device which are not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance

and

SPECTRUM

are registered trademarks, and

QuickSTART

, and

CyberSWITCH

Industry Canada Notice

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications.

Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la class A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le ministère des Communications du Canada.

CSX200 Installation Guide i

Notice

VCCI Notice

This is a Class A product based on the standard of the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Information Technology Equipment (VCCI). If this equipment is used in a domestic environment, radio disturbance may arise. When such trouble occurs, the user may be required to take corrective actions.

Cabletron Systems, Inc. Program License Agreement

IMPORTANT:

This document is an agreement between you, the end user, and Cabletron Systems, Inc. (“Cabletron”) that sets forth your rights and obligations with respect to the Cabletron software program (the “Program”) contained in this package. The Program may be contained in ﬁrmware, chips or other media. BY UTILIZING THE ENCLOSED PRODUCT, YOU ARE AGREEING TO BECOME BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHICH INCLUDES THE LICENSE AND THE LIMITATION OF WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY. IF YOU DO NOT AGREE TO THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT, PROMPTLY RETURN THE UNUSED PRODUCT TO THE PLACE OF PURCHASE FOR A FULL REFUND.

Before utilizing this product, carefully read this License Agreement.

Cabletron Software Program License

1. LICENSE. You have the right to use only the one (1) copy of the Program provided in this package subject to the terms and

conditions of this License Agreement. You may not copy , reproduce or transmit an y part of the Program except as permitted by the Cop yright Act of the United States or

as authorized in writing by Cabletron.

2. OTHER RESTRICTIONS. You may not reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Program.

3. APPLICABLE LA W. This License Agreement shall be interpreted and governed under the laws and in the state and federal courts

of New Hampshire. You accept the personal jurisdiction and venue of the New Hampshire courts.

ii CSX200 Installation Guide

Exclusion of Warranty and Disclaimer of Liability

Notice

1. EXCLUSION OF

expressed or implied, concerning the Program (including its documentation and media). CABLETRON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OTHER THAN THOSE SUPPLIED TO YOU BY CABLETRON IN

WRITING, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, WITH RESPECT TO THE PROGRAM, THE ACCOMP ANYING WRITTEN MA TERIALS, AND ANY A CCOMP ANYING HARDWARE.

2. NO LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT SHALL CABLETRON OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE

LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, PROFITS, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, LOSS OF BUSINESS INFORMATION, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR RELIANCE DAMAGES, OR OTHER LOSS) ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THIS CABLETRON PRODUCT, EVEN IF CABLETRON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. BECAUSE SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, OR ON THE DURATION OR LIMITATION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, IN SOME INSTANCES THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.

WARRANTY. Except as may be specifically provided by Cabletron in writing, Cabletron makes no warranty,

United States Government Restricted Rights

The enclosed product (a) was developed solely at priv ate e xpense; (b) contains “restricted computer software” submitted with restricted rights in accordance with Section 52227-19 (a) through (d) of the Commercial Computer Software - Restricted Rights Clause and its successors, and (c) in all respects is proprietary data belonging to Cabletron and/or its suppliers.

For Department of Defense units, the product is licensed with “Restricted Rights” as deﬁned in the DoD Supplement to the Federal Acquisition Regulations, Section 52.227-7013 (c) (1) (ii) and its successors, and use, duplication, disclosure by the Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at

252.227-7013. Cabletron Systems, Inc., 35 Industrial Way, Rochester, New Hampshire 03867-0505.

CSX200 Installation Guide iii

Notice

Declaration of Conformity

Application of Council Directive(s):

Manufacturer’s Name:

Manufacturer’s Address:

European Representative Name:

European Representative Address:

Conformance to Directive(s)/Product Standards:

Equipment T ype/Environment:

W e the undersigned, hereby declare, under our sole responsibility, that the equipment packaged with this notice conforms to the above directives.

89/336/EEC 73/23/EEC 91/263/EEC

Cabletron Systems, Inc. 35 Industrial Way

PO Box 5005 Rochester, NH 03867

Mr. J. Solari Cabletron Systems Limited

Nexus House, Newbury Business Park London Road, Newbury Berkshire RG13 2PZ, England

EC Directive 89/336/EEC EC Directive 73/23/EEC EC Directive 91/263/EEC EN 55022 EN 50082-1 EN 60950

Networking Equipment, for use in a Commercial or Light Industrial Environment.

Manufacturer Legal Representative in Europe Mr. Ronald Fotino Mr. J. Solari

___________________________________ ___________________________________

Full Name Full Name Principal Compliance Engineer Managing Director - E.M.E.A.

___________________________________ ___________________________________

Title Title Rochester, NH, USA Newbury, Berkshire, England

___________________________________ ___________________________________

Location Location

iv CSX200 Installation Guide

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

Related Documentation ...................................................................................1-1

How to Use This Guide ....................................................................................1-1

Document Conventions...................................................................................1-3

Getting Help......................................................................................................1-4

CHAPTER 2 ABOUT THE CSX200

CSX200 Hardware.............................................................................................2-1

WAN Connection........................................................................................2-1

Ethernet LAN Connection .........................................................................2-2

Remote Management Capabilities..................................................................2-3

Optional Features.............................................................................................2-3

CSX200 Firmware Support ..............................................................................2-4

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet ...................................................................................2-4

WAN Protocols...........................................................................................2-4

Firmware Data Compression ....................................................................2-5

HDLC...........................................................................................................2-5

DHCP and NAT...........................................................................................2-5

Frame Relay Protocol................................................................................2-6

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)...................................................................2-7

PAP and CHAP Security............................................................................2-7

LQM.............................................................................................................2-8

Multilink Protocol.......................................................................................2-8

ISDN ............................................................................................................2-8

HDSL ...........................................................................................................2-9

Bridging and Routing ................................................................................2-9

Bridging and Routing Protocol Filtering................................................2-11

System Passwords ..................................................................................2-12

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)....................................2-12

Software and Firmware Upgrades..........................................................2-15

CSX200 Installation Guide v

Contents

CHAPTER 3 10BASE-T LAN REQUIREMENTS

Network Requirements ....................................................................................3-1

10BASE-T Twisted Pair Network ..............................................................3-1

Port Descriptions..............................................................................................3-2

10BASE-T LAN Configuration .........................................................................3-3

Connecting UTP Cables to Ports 1 Through 12......................................3-3

CHAPTER 4 INSTALLATION

Unpacking the CSX200 ....................................................................................4-1

Installation Guidelines .....................................................................................4-1

Removing the CSX200 Cover....................................................................4-2

Installing a WPIM........................................................................................4-3

COMP/ENCR Module Installation....................................................................4-5

Installing the CSX200.......................................................................................4-6

Tabletop and Shelf Installations...............................................................4-6

Rackmount Installation....................................................................................4-7

Attaching the Strain-Relief Bracket..........................................................4-8

Attaching the Rackmount Brackets .........................................................4-9

Installing the CSX200 in a 19-Inch Rack................................................4-10

Powering the CSX200.....................................................................................4-10

CHAPTER 5 TROUBLESHOOTING

Troubleshooting CSX200 Hardware ...............................................................5-4

Power (PWR) LED is OFF..........................................................................5-4

Processor (CPU) LED is OFF....................................................................5-4

Processor (CPU) LED is RED....................................................................5-4

Troubleshooting the LAN ................................................................................5-4

Collision (CLN) LED is RED ......................................................................5-4

Link (LNK) LED is OFF...............................................................................5-4

Troubleshooting the WAN ...............................................................................5-5

Link (LNK) LED is OFF...............................................................................5-5

Link (LNK) LED is RED..............................................................................5-5

Link (LNK) LED is AMBER.........................................................................5-5

Status 1 (STS1) LED is OFF ......................................................................5-5

Status 1 (STS1) LED is RED......................................................................5-6

vi CSX200 Installation Guide

Status 1 (STS1) LED is AMBER ................................................................5-7

Status 1 (STS1) LED is GREEN.................................................................5-7

Status 2 (STS2) LED is OFF ......................................................................5-8

Status 2 (STS 2) LED is RED WPIM-HDSL Installed in CSX200.............5-8

Status 2 (STS2) LED is AMBER ................................................................5-9

Status 2 (STS2) LED is GREEN.................................................................5-9

Test (TST) LED is AMBER (blinking)......................................................5-10

Investigating Software Configuration Problems .........................................5-10

Connection to Device Fails During Software Configuration................5-10

User Cannot Communicate with Remote Network Station..................5-10

APPENDIX A WPIM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS

WPIM-T1 ...........................................................................................................A-1

WPIM-SY...........................................................................................................A-3

EIA-449....................................................................................................... A-4

V.35.............................................................................................................A-5

EIA-232....................................................................................................... A-7

X.21.............................................................................................................A-8

EIA-530, EIA-530 ALT A, EIA-530 A, and EIA-530 A ALT A.................... A-9

WPIM-DDS...................................................................................................... A-11

WPIM-E1 ......................................................................................................... A-12

WPIM-DI.......................................................................................................... A-14

WPIM-HDSL....................................................................................................A-15

Contents

APPENDIX B SPECIFICATIONS AND STANDARDS COMPLIANCE

CSX200 Regulatory Compliance.................................................................... B-2

Individual WPIM Regulatory Compliance......................................................B-2

WPIM-T1..................................................................................................... B-2

WPIM-SY ....................................................................................................B-3

WPIM-DDS..................................................................................................B-3

WPIM-E1.....................................................................................................B-4

WPIM-DI......................................................................................................B-4

WPIM-HDSL ...............................................................................................B-4

CSX200 Installation Guide vii

Contents

APPENDIX C FCC PART 68 - USER’S INFORMATION FOR CSX200

APPENDIX D GLOSSARY

INDEX

viii CSX200 Installation Guide

Introduction

Welcome to the Cabletron Systems provides conﬁguration information, hardware speciﬁcations and troubleshooting tips for the CSX200 CyberSWITCH. This guide also provides background information about 10BASE-T Ethernet Local Area Networks (LANs) and guidelines for routing and bridging over Wide Area Networks (WANs).

CSX200 CyberSWITCH Installation Guide

. This guide

How to Use This Guide

The

READ ME FIRST!

provide all the information you need to install the CSX200. Read all of these documents before installing the CSX200.

document, the

CSX200 QuickSTART Guide,

and this installation guide,

This guide consists of the following sections:

Chapter 1, Introduction Chapter 2, About the CSX200,

protocols employed by this device.

Chapter 3, 10BASE-T LAN Requirements

Local Area Network (LAN).

Chapter 4, Installation

CSX200 Installation Guide 1-1

, details document conventions and provides

describes the hardware components and features, and software

, describes the cabling requirements for an Ethernet

, shows how to install your CSX200 and connect it to a network.

Getting Help

information.

Chapter 1:

Introduction

Chapter 5, Troubleshooting

, shows how to use the LANVIEW LEDs on the CSX200 for

network troubleshooting.

Appendix A, WPIM Cable Specifications

, provides part numbers and connector information for

WPIMs (Wide Area Port Interface Modules).

Appendix B, Specifications and Standards Compliance

, contains hardware speciﬁcations and

safety and compliance standards for the CSX200.

Appendix C, FCC Part 68 - User’s Information for CSX200

requirements for FCC Rules, Part 68.

Appendix D, Glossary

, deﬁnes commonly used networking terms.

, provides compliance

1-2 CSX200 Installation Guide

Document Conventions

The following conventions are used throughout this guide:

Note

NOTE

TIP

symbol. Calls the reader’s attention to any item of information that may be of

special importance.

Tip

symbol. Conveys helpful hints concerning procedures or actions.

Document Conventions

CAUTION

WARNING

Caution

Warning

electrical shock hazard.

Warning

symbol. Contains information essential to avoid damage to the equipment.

symbol. Warns against an action that could result in the presence of an

symbol. Warns against an action that could result in personal injury or death.

CSX200 Installation Guide 1-3

Chapter 1:

Introduction

Getting Help

If you need additional support related to this device, or if you have any questions, comments, or suggestions concerning this manual, contact the Cabletron Systems Global Call Center:

Phone (603) 332-9400 Internet mail support@ctron.com FTP ctron.com (134.141.197.25)

BBS (603) 335-3358

Modem setting 8N1: 8 data bits, No parity, 1 stop bit

For additional information about Cabletron Systems or our products, visit our World Wide Web site: For technical support, select

Before calling the Cabletron Systems Global Call Center, have the following information ready:

• Your Cabletron Systems service contract number

• A description of the failure

anonymous your email address

http://www.cabletron.com/

Service and Support

• A description of any action(s) already taken to resolve the problem (e.g., changing mode switches, rebooting the unit, etc.)

• The serial and revision numbers of all involved Cabletron Systems products in the network

• A description of your network environment (layout, cable type, etc.)

• Network load and frame size at the time of trouble (if known)

• The device history (i.e., have you returned the device before, is this a recurring problem, etc.)

• Any previous Return Material Authorization (RMA) numbers

1-4 CSX200 Installation Guide

About the CSX200

The CSX200 CyberSWITCH ( Network (LAN) connectivity (via twelve RJ45 ports) for the small ofﬁce, and offers high-speed Wide Area Network (WAN) access to a remote site, such as the Internet or an enterprise network. The CSX200 supports IEEE 802.1d transparent bridging, IP, and IPX routing, ISDN, Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP), and Network Address Translation (NAT) routing between Ethernet LANs across a WAN.

Figure 2-1

Figure 2-1 The CSX200 CyberSWITCH

) is an access device that provides Ethernet Local Area

STS 1 STS 2

CSX200 Hardware

This section details hardware features of the CSX200 CyberSWITCH.

WAN Connection

The CSX200 supports Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) including: Link Control Protocol (LCP), BNCP, IPCP, IPXCP, LQM, Multilink Protocol (MP), Frame Relay, and CHAP and PAP security protocols, through one of the following WAN port interface modules (WPIMs):

•

The WPIM-T1 provides a T1 interface through a front panel RJ45 port and includes a built-in Channel Service Unit/Digital Service Unit (CSU/DSU) for direct connection to a T1 line. The WPIM-T1 provides both Full T1 (twenty-four time slots) or Fractional T1 (less than twenty-four time slots) using 56 Kbps-, or 64Kbps per time slot. The total throughput of the CSX200 is 1.544 Mbps.

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-1

Chapter 2:

•

The WPIM-SY provides a synchronous serial connection of up to 2.048 Mbps to external

About the CSX200

communications equipment (e.g., a multiplexer or CSU/DSU). The WPIM-Sync uses a subminiature 26-pin connector that supports the electrical signal interfaces listed below.

Appendix A, WPIM Cable Specifications

, provides complete part number and cable pin assignment information for the following electrical signal interfaces: EIA-RS449, V.35, EIA-RS232D, X.21, EIA-RS530, EIA-530A, RS530 ALT A, and RS530A ALT A

•

The WPIM-DDS provides a 56 Kbps or 64 Kbps Digital Data Service (DDS) connection. The WPIM-DDS supports remote CSU diagnostic, or 64 Kbps clear channel loopback and non-latching remote DSU diagnostic loopback.

•

The WPIM-E1 provides an E1 interface through a front panel RJ45 port and includes a built-in CSU/DSU for direct connection to an E1 line. The WPIM-E1 provides both Full E1(32 time slots) or Fractional E1 (less than 32 time slots) using 56Kbps, or 64 Kbps per time slot with a total throughput of up to 2.048 Mbps.

•

The WPIM-DI provides a T1 interface through a front panel RJ45 port and includes a built-in CSU/DSU for direct connection to a T1 line. The WPIM-DI provides both Full T1 (24 time slots) or Fractional T1 (less than 24 time slots) using 56Kbps-, or 64 Kbps per time slot. The WPIM-D1 also provides a second Drop-and-Insert interface, which allows more than one device, such as a PBX, to share a single T1 connection.

• The WPIM-S/T provides an Integrated Services Digital Netw ork (ISDN) 128 Kbps Basic Rate

Interface for the CSX200. An NT-1 adapter is necessary for this interface in the United States.

• The WPIM-HDSL provides a 1.544 Mbps connection for: users in a campus environment, or

for access to local subscriber loops. The WPIM-HDSL uses existing telephone lines between ﬂoors, buildings, or other physical structures. HDSL supports line lengths of up to 3, 657 meters (12,000 feet) over 24 AWG Unshielded Twisted Pair cabling.

Ethernet LAN Connection

The CSX200 provides 10 Mbps Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 support through twelve (11 if Call Backup is enabled) 8-pin RJ45 10BASE-T ports on the front of the unit (see Figure 2-1).

Repeater Functionality — The CSX200 fully conforms to the IEEE 802.3 Repeater, AUI, and

10BASE-T speciﬁcations, and provides the ﬂexibility to connect networks using IEEE 802.3, Ethernet Version 1 or Version 2 equipment. The CSX200 transmits retimed data packets, regenerates the preamble, extends fragments, and arbitrates collisions. The CSX200 automatically partitions problem segments, and reconnects repaired segments to the network. This feature minimizes the impact on network operation resulting from a problem on one segment by isolating the problem segment. Only devices on the problem segment are affected. When the problem is solved, the CSX200 automatically reconnects the isolated segment to the network.

2-2 CSX200 Installation Guide

Remote Management Capabilities

Polarity Detection and Correction — Each twisted pair port on the CSX200 incorporates a

Polarity Detection and Correction feature that allows the CSX200 to pass data regardless of the polarity of the twisted pair segment’s receive link. We do not recommend operating in this condition. When this condition is detected, remove the segment from the network and wire it correctly to reduce the potential for problems if equipment changes are made.

Flash EEPROMs — The CSX200 uses a Flash Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only

Memory (EEPROM) that allows the downloading of new and updated ﬁrmware in conjunction with QuickSET or any device utilizing BootP or TFTP protocols.

LANVIEW LEDs — LANVIEW Status Monitoring and Diagnostics System is a troubleshooting

tool that helps in diagnosing power failures, collisions, cable faults, and link problems. The LANVIEW LEDs are conveniently located on the CSX200 front panel.

RESET Button — The front panel RESET button reboots the CSX200 and initializes the

processor. The RESET button is also used (with the mode switches) to clear NVRAM.

Remote Management Capabilities

The CSX200 can be managed remotely with any SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) compliant network management system.

Optional Features

Rack Mounting Capabilities — The CSX200 can be installed in a 19-inch rack with an

accessory package that includes the rackmount brackets, a strain-relief bracket for cable management, and mounting screws. See Chapter 4, Installation, for complete rack mounting instructions.

Hardware Data Compression Module — The same industry standard STAC Electronics

Stacker LZS Compression algorithm supported by CSX200 software is made available by an optional hardware data compression module that accelerates data compression for the CSX200 over PPP and Frame Relay. Depending on the packet type and size, hardware data compression provides a minimum of 2:1 data compression, giving (effectively) 3 Mbps throughput on a T-1 WPIM interface. To use the hardware data compression module, compatible equipment (that conforms to the applicable standards), must be in use at both ends of the WAN link. When the hardware data compression module is installed on the board, it automatically assumes the compression task from software. There is no conﬁguration necessary to prioritize hardware over software compression.

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-3

Chapter 2: About the CSX200

CSX200 Firmware Support

The CSX200 ﬁrmware supports IEEE 802.1d bridging, and IP and IPX routing,. Wide Area Networking includes Point-to-Point Pr otocol (PPP), and Frame Relay . Remote access is via Full or Fractional T1, E1, Synchronous, Digital Data Service, ISDN, or HDSL connections.

This device supports industry-standard protocols, security features, compression algorithms and network management tools to ensure interoperability with equipment from other vendors.

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet

The CSX200 provides a standard 802.3 Media Access Control (MAC) layer for Ethernet communications. All bridging and routing protocols are supported across the Ethernet link.

WAN Protocols

This device supports the following WAN protocols over the WAN port:

• Point-to-Point Compression Control Protocol (CCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1962

• Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1541

• Network Address Translation (NAT) routing as deﬁned by RFC 1631

• Point-to-Point Protocol (LCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1661

• Point-to-Point Protocol (BNCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1638

• Point-to-Point Protocol (IPCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1332

• Point-to-Point Protocol (IPXCP) as deﬁned by RFC 1552

• Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol

(CHAP) under PPP as deﬁned by RFC 1994

• Point-to-Point Protocol Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) as deﬁned by RFC 1333

• Point-to-Point Protocol Multilink Protocol (MP) as deﬁned by RFC 1717

• Frame Relay Link Management Interface (LMI) as deﬁned by ANSI T1.617 Annex D and ITU

Q.933 Annex A

• Frame Relay Data Encapsulation as deﬁned by RFC 1490

• Frame Relay Data Compression Protocol (DCP) as deﬁned by FRF.9

2-4 CSX200 Installation Guide

CSX200 Firmware Support

Firmware Data Compression

The STAC Electronics Stacker LZS Compression algorithm provides a minimum of 2:1 ﬁrmware data compression for the CSX200 over PPP and Frame Relay. Firmware data compression is supported in software on each WAN interface for line speeds of up to 256 Kbps per WPIM, which is equivalent to four DS0 channels. To use data compression, compatible equipment (which conforms to the applicable standards), must be in use at both ends of the WAN link. This method of data compression is used as the default, if the hardware compression module is not installed.

HDLC

High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol is used in conjunction with the WPIM-HDSL to conserve WAN bandwidth between two compatible devices, over a point-to-point connection. The HDLC (RAW) protocol reduces the amount of overhead information that needs to be contained within each data packet to direct it to its destination. This decreased packet overhead provides more available bandwidth to transfer data.

DHCP and NAT

The Dynamic Host Conﬁguration Protocol (DHCP) and Network Address Translation (NAT) schemes eliminate the expense of purchasing limited public IP addresses for each client on a local network, and the need to re-conﬁgure a client if it is moved to a different network.

The CSX200 acts as a DHCP server that lets individual clients (PCs, network equipment) take turns using a range of private IP addresses (often referred to as local IP addresses), and provides optional secondary setup features for these clients on a per-port basis. A pri v ate or “local” netw ork is referred to as a sub network that is using private or “local” IP addresses. An “outside” network refers to a Wide Area Network (WAN) commonly known as an Internet. An Intranet is an “Internet” in use on a facility or campus where registered public IP addresses are required.

The CSX200 distributes these addresses on a ﬁrst-come-ﬁrst-served basis, dynamically assigning a local IP address to an individual client (from 253 av ailable addresses). This local IP address is then “leased” for a predetermined amount of time, conﬁgured for a particular port. Each Ethernet port provides DHCP services for one Class C subnet and secondary setup features for individual clients that support the use of a default gateway, domain name and WINs server. On the Wide Area Network (WAN) side, the Network Address Translation (NAT) routing scheme lets clients with local IP addresses use the public IP address(es) of the CSX200 WAN interface(s) to access the WAN.

NAT lets several DHCP clients on a sub network connect to WAN clients by letting the DHCP clients share a single public IP address. The NAT scheme modiﬁes the IP headers and addresses, and the selected ﬁelds in upper layer protocol headers.

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-5

Chapter 2: About the CSX200

This is done to replace the hidden local IP addresses from the sub network with one or more public InterNic assigned IP addresses that can be sent over the outside network on the WAN interfaces. Once the CSX200 is assigned at least one public IP address, over 250 IP clients can share this address simultaneously using NAT. This public IP address is assigned statically by the Internet Service Provider (ISP).

Frame Relay Protocol

Frame Relay can be deﬁned as a “packet mode” service, organizing data into individually addressed units known as “frames”. Frame Relay eliminates Layer 3 processing. Only a few Layer 2 functions are used, such as checking for a valid, error free frame, but not requesting retransmission if an error is found. Frame Relay uses a variable length framing structure, which, depending on user data, can range from a few to more than a thousand characters.

A Frame Relay Network will often be depicted as a cloud, because the Frame Relay Network is not a single physical connection between one endpoint and another. Frame Relay Protocol is based on the concept of “virtual circuits” (VCs). VCs are two-way, software deﬁned data paths between two ports that take the place of private lines in the network. There are two types of Frame Relay connections; Switched Virtual Circuits (SVCs), and Permanent Virtual Circuits (PVCs).

Permanent Virtual Circuits, or PVCs, are set up via a network management system, and initially deﬁned as a connection between two sites, or endpoints. PVCs may be added as the demand arises for more bandwidth, alternate routing, or more sites, or endpoints. PVCs are ﬁxed paths, not available on demand, or on a call-by-call basis. Although the actual path through the network may change from time to time, such as when automatic rerouting takes place, the beginning and end of the circuit will not change.

Switched Virtual Circuits, or SVCs, are available on a call-by-call basis using the SVC signaling protocol (Q.933). The network must quickly establish the connection, and allocate bandwidth based on the user’s request.

In a Frame Relay frame, user data packets are not changed in any way. A two-byte header is appended to the frame. Contained in this header is a 10-bit number called the Data Link Connection Identiﬁer (DLCI). The DLCI is the “virtual circuit” number which corresponds to a particular destination. The DLCI allows data coming into a Frame Relay switch to be sent across the network using a three-step process: check the integrity of the frame and discard it if it is in error, look up the DLCI in a table and if not intended for this link, discard the frame. If the frame passes the previous tests, relay the frame toward its destination out the port speciﬁed in the table. If the frame passes the previous tests, relay the frame toward its destination out the port speciﬁed in the table.

2-6 CSX200 Installation Guide

CSX200 Firmware Support

The ANSI standard deﬁnes a mechanism for the network to signal the existence of congestion, called Explicit Congestion Notiﬁcation (ECN) bits. Frame Relay uses FECN (Forward ECN) and BECN (Backward ECN) bits to notify end user devices about network congestion. Although the Frame Relay Protocol does not respond to congestion, some higher layer protocols for end-user devices may respond to ECNs by recognizing that delays have increased, or that frames have been dropped.

Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)

PPP is a data link layer industry standard WAN protocol for transferring multi-protocol data trafﬁc over point-to-point connections. With this protocol, options such as security, data compression, and network protocols can be negotiated over the connection. Data compression allows Frame Relay to negotiate compression over Frame Relay permanent virtual circuits (PVCs). Frame Relay is a packet-switching data communications protocol that statistically multiplexes many data conversations over a single transmission link.

The CSX200 supports synchronous PPP over an ISDN WAN port (WPIM-S/T). In Single Link Mode, PPP uses one ISDN B channel for data transmission. PPP runs over each ISDN B channel for two separate conversations (split B channel). In Multi-Link Protocol mode, PPP simultaneously sends and receives data over two ISDN B channels on the same connection to optimize bandwidth usage. The STAC Electronics Stacker LZS Compression Protocol is supported over PPP, providing up to 4:1 data compression.

PAP and CHAP Security

The CSX200 supports the Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) under PPP.

PAP provides veriﬁcation of passwords between devices using a two-way handshake. One device (peer) sends the system name and password to the other device (authenticator). Then the authenticator checks the peer’s password against the conﬁgured remote peer’s password and returns acknowledgment.

CHAP is more secure than PAP as unencrypted passwords are not sent across the network. CHAP uses a 3-way handshake and supports full or half-duplex operation. In half-duplex operation, the authenticator device challenges the peer device by generating a CHAP challenge. The challenge contains an MD5 algorithm with a random number that your encrypted password and system name. The peer device then applies a one-way hash algorithm to the random number and returns this encrypted information along with the system name in the CHAP response. The authenticator then runs the same algorithm and compares the result with the expected value. This authentication method depends upon a password or secret, known only to both ends locally.

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-7

Chapter 2: About the CSX200

Full-duplex operation places an additional step to half-duplex operation that mirrors the operation for a peer to validate the authenticator. The peer device challenges the authenticator by generating a CHAP challenge, and the authenticator returns a CHAP response.

The peer device challenges the authenticator device by generating a CHAP challenge, and the challenge contains your encrypted password and system name. The authenticator device then applies a one-way hash algorithm to the random number and returns this encrypted information along with the system name in the CHAP response. The peer device then runs the same algorithm and compares the result with the expected value. This authentication method depends upon a password or secret, known only to both ends locally.

LQM

Link Quality Monitoring (LQM) is a link control mechanism used with PPP to determine when, and how often, a link is dropping data in units of packets and octets. Link Quality Monitoring accomplishes this by providing Link-Quality-Reports to determine if the quality of the link is adequate for operation. Link Quality Monitoring provides separate measurements for both incoming and outgoing packets that are communicated to both ends of the link.

The PPP LQM mechanism carefully deﬁnes the Link-Quality-Report packet formats, and speciﬁes reference points for all data transmission and reception measurements. The LQM implementation maintains successfully received packet and octet counts, and periodically transmits this information to its peer using Link-Quality-Report packets.

Multilink Protocol

Multilink Protocol (MP) is an extension of PPP that controls the way frames are transferred across several links whenever a single link is not sufﬁcient to meet requirements of your present trafﬁc load. Multilink Protocol establishes several simultaneous links between two end points over switched circuits (dial-up lines) in an ISDN network, and dynamically adjusts the bandwidth demands between available links to maintain an effective data transfer.

ISDN

ISDN provides an inexpensive switched digital access to remote sites. The ISDN BRI (Basic Rate Interface) standard provides for two high speed 64 Kbps bearer (B) channels used for voice or data connections and one 16 Kbps signaling data (D) channel used for call setup, signaling, and other information. ISDN allows all types of information to be transferred including voice, data, fax, and video. Multiple devices can be linked to a single ISDN connection, each having their own telephone number. Two or more channels can be combined into a single larger transmission pipe offering variable transmission speeds.

2-8 CSX200 Installation Guide

CSX200 Firmware Support

The CSX200 supports one ISDN BRI line and either or both of the B channels for transferring data. If the two B channels are used for separate connections, each provides up to 64 Kbps transfer rate. Both channels can be used together to provide uncompressed data transfer at up to 128 Kbps. The CSX200 can also transfer compressed data at up to 512 Kbps (after decompression).

A network terminator device (NT-1) provides the interface between ISDN terminal (router) equipment and the ISDN service provider. The CSX200 supports the WPIM-S/T by providing an S/T interface that requires an external NT-1.

The following telephone switch types are supported within the U.S.:

• NET3 (European ISDN)

• NET3SW (European Swiss Variant)

• NTT (Nippon Telephone and Telegraph)

• KDD (Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co. Ltd.)

• French Delta (VN4) switches

HDSL

High data rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) technology uses existing copper twisted pair cables designed for conventional analog voice transmission from a telephone carrier servicing area as low-cost alternative to ﬁber optic cables. HDSL provides high-speed full-duplex digital transmission links of up to 1.544 Mbps.

HDSL is a direct connection technology that allows connections to be made for distances of up to 12,000 feet over 24 American Wire Gauge (AWG) unconditioned twisted pair wire. To obtain the Full T1 line Rate of 1.544 Mbps, two wire pairs are necessary (four wires). If one pair of wires is used, the data rate is772 Kbps, equivalent to one-half of a T1 line.

Bridging and Routing

Bridging — Bridging connects two or more separate networks together. The bridge examines a

portion of each network frame called the header. This header contains control information for the frame. The bridge compares the destination address of the frame to a table of source addresses (bridges dynamically learn the physical location of devices by logging the source addresses of each frame and the bridge port the frame was received on in the source address table).

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-9

Chapter 2: About the CSX200

In transparent bridging, the decision to forward the frame is based on this comparison. If the address indicates that the sending station and the destination station are on the same side of the bridge, the frame is not forwarded across the bridge. If the addresses do not indicate that, the bridge forwards the broadcast frame across the bridge to the other network(s).

Bridging allows frames to be sent to all destinations regardless of the network protocols used. It also allows protocols that cannot be routed (such as NETBIOS) to be forwarded, and optimizes internetwork capacity by localizing trafﬁc on LAN segments. A bridge extends the physical reach of networks beyond the limits of each LAN segment. Filters can be used to increase network security in bridged networks, and restrict message forwarding by using user-built address tables (non-transparent bridging).

Routing — Routing provides a way to transfer user data from source to destination over dif ferent

LAN and WAN links using one or more network protocol formats. Routing relies on routing address tables to determine the best path for each packet. Routing tables can be seeded (i.e., addresses for remote destinations are placed in the table along with network address masks and a metric for path latency). Routing tables are also built dynamically (i.e., the location of remote stations, hosts and networks are updated through inter-router protocols). Routing helps to increase network capacity by localizing trafﬁc on LAN segments and broadcasts that would result from bridged trafﬁc. It also provides security by isolating trafﬁc on segmented LANs. Routing extends the world-wide reach of networks.

CSX200 Bridging and Routing — The CSX200 can operate as a bridge, a router, or both. The

CSX200 operates as a router for network protocols that are supported when routing is enabled and operates as a bridge when bridging is enabled. When both bridging and routing are enabled, routing takes precedence over bridging; i.e., the CSX200 uses the protocol address information of the packet to route the packet to the correct destination. However, if the protocol is not supported, the CSX200 operates as a bridge and uses the MAC address information to send the packet.

Operation of the CSX200 is inﬂuenced by routing and bridging controls and ﬁlters set during CSX200 conﬁguration. General IP routing, and routing or bridging from speciﬁc remote routers are controls set during the conﬁguration process.

IEEE 802.1d Bridging — The CSX200 supports the IEEE 802.1d standard for LAN to LAN

bridging. Bridging is provided over PPP and Frame Relay as well as adjacent LAN ports. Bridging uses the MAC (Machine Address and Control layer) address unique to each device. When conﬁgured as a bridge, the CSX200 bridges data packets to the destination, regardless of the network protocols used.

2-10 CSX200 Installation Guide

CSX200 Firmware Support

The CSX200 uses the Spanning Tree Algorithm to prevent data loops and duplicate data. This is a self-learning bridge, i.e., the bridge builds and updates an address table with each MAC source address and associated information when the packets are received.

IP Routing — IP routing support provides the ability to process TCP/IP frames at the network

layer for routing. IP routing support includes the Routing Information Protocol (RIP) that allows the exchange of routing information on a TCP/IP network. The CSX200 recei v es and rebroadcasts RIP messages to and from adjacent routers and workstations.

IPX Routing — Internet Packet Exchange (IPX) routing support provides the ability to process

Novell proprietary frames at the network layer for routing. IPX routing support includes both Routing Information Protocol (RIP), and Service Advertising Protocol (SAP). These protocols allow the exchange of routing information on a Novell NetWare network. The SAP protocol provides a means for routers and workstations to advertise their class of services (ﬁle, print, etc.) to adjacent routers and workstations.

Bridging and Routing Protocol Filtering

Filtering is used to allow efﬁcient usage of network resources and provide security for your network and hosts.

IP Internet Firewall — The CSX200 supports IP Internet Firewall ﬁltering to prevent

unauthorized access to your system and network resources from the Internet or a corporate Intranet. Security can be conﬁgured to permit or deny IP trafﬁc. The security is established by conﬁguring IP access ﬁlters, which are based on source IP address, source mask, destination IP address, destination mask, protocol type, and application port identiﬁers for both Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP).

IP access ﬁlters allow individual IP source and destination pair ﬁltering as well as IP address ranges and wild carding to match any IP address. Firewall ﬁlters can be deﬁned to allow inbound only, outbound only, or bi-directional IP communication up to the UDP and TCP application port level. The CSX200 supports the IP Access Control (from the ctip-mib) Internet Firewall Filter.

Bridge Filtering — Bridge ﬁltering lets a network administrator control the ﬂow of packets

across the CSX200. Bridge ﬁltering is used to “deny” or “allow” packets based on a “matched pattern” using a speciﬁed position and hexadecimal content within the packet. This enables restricting or forwarding of messages based on address, protocol, or data content. Common uses include preventing access to remote networks, controlling unauthorized access to the local network, and limiting unnecessary trafﬁc.

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-11

Chapter 2: About the CSX200

System Passwords

You can control access to the CSX200 by the use of three passwords. Each password provides a different level of access to the CSX200. The default password for each access level is pre-set to public. The following deﬁnitions explain the levels of access:

read-only — allows reading of device parameters not including system passwords. read-write — Allows editing of some device conﬁguration parameters not including changing

system passwords.

super-user — Allows full management privileges. You must access the CSX200 at this level to

run QuickSET.

Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)

The CSX200 provides SNMP agent support for standard, and Enterprise-Speciﬁc Management Information Bases (MIBs), and support for standard, and Enterprise-Speciﬁc SNMP Traps. SNMP is also used internally for conﬁguration of the CSX200. The active SNMP agent within the CSX200 accepts SNMP requests for status, statistics, and conﬁguration updates. Communication with the SNMP agent occurs over the LAN or WAN connection. Any management application using SNMP over UDP/IP has access to the local SNMP agent.

SNMP MIB Support

SNMP MIBs (Management Information Bases) are databases of objects used for managing and determining the status and conﬁguration of an SNMP-compliant device.

The CSX200 supports the following SNMP MIBs:

• MIB II RFC1213

• RMON MIB RFC1271

• DS1 and E1 MIB RFC1406 (Digital Signal Level 1 [T1/E1 interface types])

• IETF Bridge MIB RFC1493

• IP Forwarding MIB RFC1354

• PPP LCP MIB RFC1471 (Point-to-Point Protocol, Link Control Protocol)

• PPP IPCP MIB RFC1473 (IP Control Protocol)

• PPP BNCP MIB RFC1474 (Bridge Network Control Protocol)

• IPXCP MIB RFC1552

2-12 CSX200 Installation Guide

CSX200 Firmware Support

• Frame Relay DTE MIB RFC1490

• Security MIB RFC1472 (CCP, PAP, and CHAP)

• RS-232 MIB RFC1317

• LQM MIB RFC1989

• PPP MP MIB RFC1990

• Frame Relay Multi Protocol Encapsulation MIB RFC1490

SNMP T rap Support

SNMP Traps are notiﬁcations of network events sent by an SNMP-compliant device to an SNMP management station.

TheCSX200 supports the following SNMP IETF Standard Traps:

• Warm Start Trap Type Code #1 RFC1214

• Bridge New Root Trap Type Code #1 RFC1493

• Bridge Topology Change Trap Type Code #2 RFC1493

Cabletron Enterprise Traps include:

• Port Segmented Trap Type Code #257(0x101) rrev4-mib

• Port Operational Trap Type Code #258(0x102) rrev4-mib

• Port Link Up Trap Type Code #259(0x103) rrev4-mib

• Port Link Down Trap Type Code #260(0x106) rrev4-mib

• Environmental Temperature Hot Trap Type Code #282(0x11A) rrev4-mib

• Environmental Temperature Normal Trap Type Code #284(0x11C) rrev4-mib

• IP Event Log Change Trap Type Code #1280(0x500) ctip-mib

The following is a list of IP Events that are logged, and that create the IP Event Log Change Trap.

• IP Routing has been disabled on interface #

• IP Routing has been enabled on interface #

• IP Forwarding has been enabled on interface #

• IP MTU size has been changed on interface #

• IP Framing Type has been changed on interface #

CSX200 Installation Guide 2-13

+ 61 hidden pages