Cabletron Systems CSX100 series User Manual

Cabletron Systems ISDN Router

CSX100 Series

User Guide

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First Edition (September 1998)

Published by:
Cabletron Systems

35 Industrial Way
Rochester, NH 03867
U.S.A.

Internet Web Site: http://www.cabletron.com

COPYRIGHT

Cabletron Systems provides this publication “as is” without warranty of any
kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by
any means without written permission from Cabletron Systems.

Changes are periodically made to the information in this book. They will be
incorporated in subsequent editions. Cabletron Systems may make
improvements and/or changes in the product described in this publication at
any time. Requests for further information should be addressed to Cabletron
Systems.

© Copyright 1997-1998 Cabletron Systems, Inc.
© Copyright 1997-1998 FlowPoint Corporation

TRADEMARKS

Cabletron Systems is a trademark of Cabletron Systems, Inc.
All other trademarks and registered trademarks mentioned in this guide are
the sole property of their respective companies and should be noted as such.

P/N 222-00499-01

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Software License Agreement and Warranties

SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT AND WARRANTIES

License Agreement

This product contains certain Software (computer programs, firmware and media) the use of which
are subject to this license agreement. If you do not agree with all the terms, you must return this
product, all manuals and documentation, and proof of payments, to the place you obtained them for a
full refund within 30 days of first acquiring this product. Your written approval is not prerequisite to
the validity or enforceability of this agreement and no solicitation of any such written approval by or
on behalf of Cabletron Systems shall be construed as an inference to the contrary.

License and Term

Cabletron Systems and any applicable sublicensors grant to you a non-exclusive, non-transferable
license to use the Cabletron Systems software programs and related documentation in this package
(collectively referred to as the “Software”) on one licensed router. If the Cabletron Systems product
that you acquired is an upgrade, then the terms and conditions of this agreement apply equally to the
upgraded product. Any attempted sublicense, assignment, rental, sale or other transfer of the
Software or the rights or obligations of this Agreement without the prior written consent of Cabletron
Systems shall be null and void. You agree not to export or re-export this product without prior
authorization from the U.S. and other applicable government authorities. This License will
automatically terminate without notice to you if you fail to comply with its terms. This Agreement
will be covered by the laws of the State of California.
The Software and documentation are copyrighted. You may make copies of the Software only for
backup and archival purposes. Unauthorized copying, reverse engineering, decompiling,
disassembling, and creating derivative works based on the Software are prohibited. Title to the
Software is not transferred to you by this license. Ownership and title to the Software and to the
actual contents of this package, including the copy of the Software and the media on which it is stored
and the associated documentation are retained by Cabletron Systems and/or its licensors.
U.S. Government End Users. The [Licensed Product] is a “commercial item,” as that term is defined
at 48 C.F.R. 2.101 (OCT 1995), consisting of “commercial computer software” and “commercial
computer software documentation,” as such terms are used in 48 C.F.R. 12.212 (SEPT 1995) and is
provided to the U.S. Government only as a commercial end item. Consistent with 48 C.F.R. 12.212
and 48 C.F.R. 227.7202-1 through 227.7202-4 (JUNE 1995), all U.S. Government End Users
acquire the [Licensed Product] with only those rights set forth herein.

Limited Warranty on Media and Damages Disclaimer

Cabletron Systems or its distributors or resellers will repair or replace free of charge any defective
recording medium on which the Software is recorded if the medium is returned to Cabletron Systems
or its distributor or reseller within ninety (90) days after the purchase of License for the Software.
This warranty does NOT cover defects due to accident, or abuse occurring after your receipt of the
Software. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE

OTHER RIGHTS WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

Limited Warranty on Hardware

Cabletron Systems warrants that Products delivered hereunder shall be free from defects in materials
and workmanship for a period of one (1) year from the date of purchase. The liability of Cabletron
Systems is limited to replacing or repairing, at Manufacturer’s option, any defective Products that are
returned F.O.B. Manufacturer’s factory, California. In no case are Products to be returned without
first obtaining permission and a customer return material authorization number from Manufacturer.

THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT APPLY TO DEFECTS DUE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY TO MISUSE,
ABUSE, NEGLIGENCE, ACCIDENT, REPAIRS OR ALTERATIONS MADE BY THE CUSTOMER OR
ANOTHER PARTY OR IF THE CABLETRON SYSTEMS SERIAL NUMBER HAS BEEN REMOVED OR
DEFACED. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC LEGAL RIGHTS AND YOU MAY ALSO HAVE
OTHER RIGHTS WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO STATE.

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EXCEPT FOR THE WARRANTY SET FORTH HEREIN, MANUFACTURER DISCLAIMS ALL
WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THE PRODUCTS, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

Hardware and Software Limitations

Cabletron Systems does not warrant that the Software will be free from error or will meet your
specific requirements. You assume complete responsibility for decisions made or actions taken based
on information obtained using the Software. Any statements made concerning the utility of the
Software are not to be construed as unexpressed or implied warranties.

CABLETRON SYSTEMS SHALL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE WITH RESPECT TO ANY
SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT, THE HARDWARE, OR THE
AGREEMENTS OF WHICH THEY ARE A PART OR ANY MEDIA ATTACHMENT, PRODUCT ORDER,
SCHEDULE OR TERMS OR CONDITIONS RELATED THERETO UNDER ANY CONTRACT,
NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER THEORY: A) FOR LOSS OR INACCURACY OF DATA
OR (EXCEPT FOR RETURN OF AMOUNTS PAID TO CABLETRON SYSTEMS THEREFORE), COST OF
PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS, SERVICES, OR TECHNOLOGY, B) FOR ANY INDIRECT,
INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
REVENUES AND LOSS OF PROFITS; HOWEVER CAUSED, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY,
BREACH OF CONTRACT, REPUDIATION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE.

NEITHER CABLETRON SYSTEMS NOR ANY OF ITS REPRESENTATIVES, DISTRIBUTORS OR OTHER
RESELLERS MAKES OR PASSES ON ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION ON BEHALF OF
CABLETRON SYSTEMS’ THIRD PARTY SUPPLIERS.

POST WARRANTY SERVICES

Contact Cabletron Systems for information regarding post-warranty hardware and software services.

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Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Part 15 CLASS B Statement

Section 15.105(b) of the Code of Federal Regulations

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital
device, pursuant of Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the
following measures:

• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.

• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is

connected.

• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.

Part 68 Statement

This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. On the back of this equipment is a label that
contains, among other information, the FCC registration number for this equipment. If requested, this
information must be provided to the telephone company.

This equipment has the FCC Digital Interface Code of 02IS5. The FCC Service Order Code is 6.OY.
The USOC jack for this equipment is RJ49C.
An FCC compliant telephone cord and modular plug is provided with this equipment. This equipment

is designed to be connected to the telephone network or premises wiring using a compatible modular
jack which is Part 68 compliant.

This equipment cannot be used on telephone company-provided coin service. Connection to Party
Line Service is subject to state tariffs.

If this equipment causes harm to the telephone network, the telephone company will notify you in
advance that temporary discontinuance of service may be required. If advanced notice is not
practical, the Telephone Company will notify the customer as soon as possible. Also, you will be
advised of your right to file a complaint with the FCC if you believe it is necessary.

The telephone company may make changes in its facilities , equipment, operations, or procedures that
could affect the operation of the equipment. If this happens, the telephone company will provide
advanced notice in order for you to make the necessary modifications in order to maintain
uninterrupted service.

If trouble is experienced with this equipment, please contact Cabletron Systems for warranty
information. If the trouble is causing harm to the telephone network, the telephone company may
request you remove the equipment from the network until the problem is resolved.

No repairs can be done by the customer.
It is recommended that the customer install an AC surge arrestor in the AC outlet to which this device

is connected. This is to avoid damaging the equipment caused by local lightning strikes and other
electrical surges.

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Industry Canada

CS03 Statement

NOTICE: The Industry Canada label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the

equipment meets certain telecommunications network protective, operational and safety requirements
as prescribed in the appropriate Terminal Equipment Technical Requirements document (s). The
Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the
facilities of the local Telecommunications Company. The equipment must also be installed using an
acceptable method of connection. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above
conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be coordinated by a representative designated by the supplier.
Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give
the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
User should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility,
telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if present,
are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.

CAUTION: Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party
responsible for this device could void the user’s authority to operate this
equipment.

Canadian D.O.C. Notice

This product conforms with Canadian Class B emissions regulations.
Ce produit se conforme aux réglements d’émission canadienne classe B.

Instructions for Trained Service Personnel Only

CAUTION: Danger of explosion if battery is incorrectly
placed. Replace only with the same or equivalent type
recommended by the manufacturer. Dispose of used batteries
according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Approvals

Safety: EN60950, UL 1950, CUL to CSA 22.2 No. 950
Emissions: FCC Part 15 Class B, EN55022/CISPR22 Class B, VCCI Class 2

Telecommunications: FCC Part 68, IC CS-03

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Table of Contents

Introduction 1

About the Router 1
About This Book 2

How This Guide is Organized 2
References 3
Typographic Conventions 3

Chapter 1. ISDN and Ordering Issues 5

ISDN Concepts 5

Basic Rate Interface ISDN Line (U.S. only) 5
Network Terminator 5
ISDN Wires 6
Configurations 6
SPIDs and Directory Numbers 7
Telephone Switch Parameters 7

How to Order your ISDN Line 8

Chapter 2. Installing Router Hardware 11

Before You Begin… 11

Router Package Contents 11
Model Features and Numbers 11
Hardware Installation 12

Telephone Wiring Cautions 12

Installation Overview 12

Step 1. Connect the Router to the Ethernet LAN 15

Step 2. Connect Analog Telephone Devices 17

Step 3. Connect the Router to an ISDN Line 18

Step 4. Connect the Router to an AC Power Source 20

Chapter 3. Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager 21

About Configuration Manager 21
Hardware and Software Prerequisites 22
Install Configuration Manager 22

Set your PC to obtain an IP address 22

Install Configuration Manager on your PC 23
Access Configuration Manager 24

Chapter 4. Router Configuration 25

Planning for Router Configuration 25

Important Terminology 25

Important Routing Concepts 26

Collect Your Network Information 32
Configuration Steps 37

Overview 37

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Step 1. Connect and log into the Target Router 39
Step 2. Target Router’s System Settings 40
Step 3. Target Router’s ISDN Settings 44
Step 4. Remote Routers Database 46
Step 5. General Bridging and Routing Controls 56
Step 6. Store the Configuration 57
Step 7. Reboot the Router and PC 58
Step 8. Verify the Router Configuration 58
Step 9. Disconnect from the Router 60

Sample Configuration 61

Sample Network Diagram 62
Sample Network Information Worksheets 63
Names and Passwords Example 66

Chapter 5. Configuring Advanced Features 68

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 68

PC Configuration 68
Router Configuration 69

Network Address Translation (NAT) 72

Enable NAT 72
Source and Remote WAN Port Address 72

Routing Information Protocols (RIP) 73

RIP Options 73
Enable RIP Options 74

Caller ID Security 74

Enable Caller ID Security 75

ISDN Dial-Back 75

Dial-Back prerequisites 75
Configure Dial-Back 76

Analog Phone Settings 77

Default phone numbers 77
Phone usage and data preemption 77
POTS line controls 77
Save and Test POTS configuration 80

Lock Line Speed at 56Kb/s 80

Chapter 6. Management Tools 81

Terminal Window 81

How to access the Terminal Window 81
Menu Selections 81
How to change the router’s IP address using the Terminal Window 82

WAN Port Monitor 83

Access WAN Port Monitor 83
Upgrade/Backup 87
Reboot from Network 89

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SNMP Options 90

Chapter 7. Router Feature Descriptions 91

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 91
Point-To-Point Protocol (PPP) 92
PAP and CHAP Security 92
ISDN 93

Telephone Switch Support 93

Bridging and Routing 94

Bridging 94
Routing 94
Bridging and Routing 95
IEEE 802.1D Bridging 95
IP Routing 96
IPX Routing 96

Bridging and Routing Protocol Filtering 97

IP Internet Firewall 97
Bridge Filtering 97

Bandwidth Optimization Features 97

Data Compression 97
Dial-on-Demand 98
Bandwidth-on-Demand 98

Split B-Channels 98
POTS Analog Line Interface 98
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 98
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 99
Network Address Translation (NAT) 99
Software Upgrades 99
TELNET 100
Windows GUI Configurator 100
Command Line Interface 100

Chapter 8. Troubleshooting 103

Investigating Hardware Installation Problems 103

Check the LEDs to solve common hardware problems 103

Problems with the terminal window display 104

Problems with the factory configuration 105
Investigating Software Configuration Problems 105

Problems connecting to the router 105

Problems with the Login Password 105

Problems accessing the remote network 106

Problems dialing 107

Problems with bandwidth management 108
Diagnostic Tools 108

Troubleshooting Help File 108

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ISDN Q.931 Cause Values 109
History Log 110
Using LEDs 111

How to Obtain Technical Support 111

Appendix A. Changing Configuration Switches 113

Configuration Switches Settings 113

Appendix B. Subnetwork Tables 114
Appendix C. Network Information Worksheets 115
Appendix D. Accessing the Command Line Interface (CLI) 119

Why use the Command Line Interface? 119

Non-Windows platforms (Macintosh, UNIX, etc.) 119
Windows-based platforms 119

Connecting the router to the PC 120

Instructions 120

Accessing the Command Line Interface 120

Instructions 121

Glossary 123
Index 131

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Introduction

1

Introduction

About the Router

The Cabletron Router1 is a bridge/router designed to provide remote Ethernet
LAN connectivity via a single ISDN line for the small office or home office
(SOHO). The multi-protocol router offers telecommuters, home and remote
office workers high-speed, dial-up access to remote sites, such as the Internet
and the enterprise network. The Router supports IEEE 802.1D transparent
bridging, IP routing and, optionally, IPX routing between Ethernet LAN
networks across an ISDN WAN resource.

The router features an easy-to-use Windows-based management application.
It can also provide two-line analog support for convenient, low-cost use of
standard telephone, facsimile, modem, and answering machine equipment
over the ISDN line. The router manages incoming and outgoing calls, giving
analog calls priority over data traffic as needed.

The router supports Network Address Translation (a.k.a. NAT) which lets
multiple users of a router share simultaneously one low-cost ISDN Internet
connection.

Following is a sample network configuration:

1

Throughout this manual, the Cabletron CSX100 router is called the router.

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About This Book

The User Guide contains an introduction to the router and provides the steps
and basic information needed to install and configure the router. Hardware
installation and configuration of network connections, bridging, routing, and
security features are described.

Note: For router hardware and software references, consult your model­specific Quick Start Guide.

Target Audience

This book is intended for small, home and remote office users, and other
networking professionals who are installing and configuring the router for
bridged and routed networks.

Important: If you only intend to connect to the Internet, use the Internet
Quick Start guide and the Internet Quick Start Program.
If you want to connect to the Internet and use bridging or IPX, run the
Internet Quick Start Program first, and then use Configuration Manager to
add options.

How This Guide is Organized

This User Guide is intended to help you quickly install, configure, and begin
using the Router. The guide is divided into eight parts:

Chapter 1, “ISDN and Ordering Issues”, explains ISDN line configuration
concepts and how to order your ISDN services.

Chapter 2, “Installing Router Hardware”, describes how to connect the
router to the configuration device, communications facilities and power
source, and how to power up the router.

Chapter 3, “Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager”, explains
how to install and access Configuration Manager running under Microsoft
Windows.

Chapter 4, “Configuring the Router with Configuration Manager”,

explains and lists network information that is required for configuration, and
reviews the steps to configure the router using Configuration Manager.

Chapter 5, “Configuring Advanced Features”, describes features used for
network management and complex configuration tasks.

Chapter 6, “Management Tools”, describes a set of tools used for file
system management and software maintenance.

Introduction

3

Chapter 7, “Router Feature Descriptions”, lists and describes industry-

standard protocols, security features, compression algorithms, network
management tools.

Chapter 8, “Troubleshooting”, provides suggestions for locating the source
of problems depending upon the trouble symptom.

Appendices A-D provide configuration references and blank configuration
tables.

A Glossary and an Index are provided at the back of this book.

References

Command Line Interface

Contains configuration and reference material for the Command Line
Interface, advanced topics such as bridging and routing operations,
Bandwidth-on-Demand management, PPP addressing, and a description of
network management features. This manual is delivered on a DOS diskette
as an Acrobat PDF document, and is supplied with the router.

Internet Quick Start Guide

Describes how to configure the router for Internet access.

Typographic Conventions

The following figure summarizes the conventions used in this guide:

Item Type Face Example

Words defined in glossary,
book titles, figure captions

Italics

Refer to Installing Router

Hardware.

Menu choices, keys and
button names in instructions

Bold

Click Tools.

Examples showing you what
to type

Mono­spaced font

Enter the router system name,
for example: Router1

File names, keywords Upper case Copy file CFGMGR.EXE

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ISDN and Ordering Issues

5

Chapter 1. ISDN and Ordering Issues

ISDN Concepts

This chapter explains several ISDN line configuration key concepts and tells
you how to order your ISDN services

Basic Rate Interface ISDN Line (U.S. only)

You will need to order one Basic Rate Interface (BRI) ISDN line from your
service provider. It will provide:

• Two full-duplex 64-Kbits-per-second B-channels used for voice, data,

fax, etc.

• One full duplex 16Kbps channel used for signaling.

Each B-channel can be used for a call; i.e., two calls can occur at the same
time. Services vary from individual service providers.

Note: The full 64 Kbps for each channel (called clear channel) may however
not be available across the entire communications link: many providers still
use in-band signaling (the 8-Kbps signaling is taken from the B-channel
bandwidth) so that you may only achieve a 56-Kbps channel speed.

Network Terminator

Network Terminator equipment (NT1) is required to interface between the
router and the ISDN line. The NT1 offers conversion between the two-wire
twisted pair (U-loop interface) used by telephone companies and the four-wire
terminal equipment (S/T interface) as well as line-testing capabilities.

In North America

U Interface: The router comes with only one U interface
S/T Interface: You can order the router with an internal NT1 or use your

own NT1 equipment. External Network Terminator equipment comes
with a power supply (built-in or external).

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In Europe and Japan

The Telephone Company provides the NT1 and offers end-users the S/T
interface.

ISDN Wires

The ISDN wires are the same wires that exist for analog telephone service in
most cases.

EIA/TIA standard for wiring:

• Unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable, category 3 or above, 24 gauge

• 8-position RJ45 jacks for new ISDN service installation are

recommended

Configurations

ISDN BRI lines can be configured in point-to-point and multi-point
configurations and can support dual-POTS interfaces.

Point-to-point:

Only one device is connected to the ISDN line.

Multi-point:

This configuration can have up to 8 devices (ISDN telephones, ISDN
terminal adapters, ISDN routers, etc.) dropped on the ISDN line.

POTS interface device support:

Up to four devices per port but only one call initiated at a time (though
another call can be in progress).

Since the ISDN BRI line will be used for a high-speed LAN-to-LAN link, you
need to be sure that additional devices dropped on the S/T interface of the
router allow sufficient access for the router’s bandwidth requirements.

ISDN and Ordering Issues

7

SPIDs and Directory Numbers

The Network Service Provider will give you the following information for
identifying the ISDN line and devices. In some countries, some of these
number/addresses are not implemented and will not be provided.

Directory Numbers (DNs)

Phone numbers are assigned by the ISDN service provider for each
device operating on the line. In most cases, one DN is assigned for each
B-channel. Up to eight DNs can be assigned to provide numbers for
additional devices on the ISDN line (see Multi-Point).

Service Profile Identifications (SPIDs)

North America: SPIDs are assigned by the ISDN service provider and
identify the services and features that the switch provides to the ISDN
device. The SPID is often derived from the directory number,
concatenated with other digits.

Outside North America: SPIDs are not required outside of North
America.

Telephone Switch Parameters

The following table contains the recommended provisioning for the three
switches available in North America.
When ordering your ISDN service, some of the following information
(depending on your switch) will be needed.

Provisioning

Information

AT&T 5ESS

w/custom software

National ISDN

(NI-1)

DMS-100

B1 channel

circuit switched data &

voice

circuit switched data

& voice

circuit switched

data & voice

B2 channel

circuit switched data &

voice

circuit switched data

& voice

circuit switched

data & voice

D channel

signaling only signaling only signaling only

Multipoint

yes yes n/a

Terminal type

A A n/a

Display

off off n/a

Terminal endpoint

identifier (TEI)

dynamic dynamic dynamic

Call appearances

2 2 -

Call preference

idle idle -

Additl. Call offerings

yes yes yes

Nail up

none none none

Ringing indicator - -

yes

Release key - -

yes

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We recommend that you supply these parameters to your telephone company
in the form of an IOC. It will make ordering your ISDN services a lot easier
(See below, How to order your ISDN line).

Note: NI-1 is a standard released by Bellcore outlining a basic set of ISDN
services and is switch-type independent. It is recommended as the preferred
switch type.

The new EZ-ISDN 1 provisioning is also supported and is recommended.

How to Order your ISDN Line

1. Call your local telephone company’s ISDN Ordering

Center.

Consult with your service provider 2 weeks before requiring the
installation and use of the ISDN service.

2. Specify your ISDN Basic Rate Interface line (BRI)
provisioning (North America only).

To simplify your ISDN line ordering process, use one of these standard
ISDN Ordering Codes (IOCs), or use the table above.
Select the package that best meets your needs.

Generic Package M includes:

• Voice and data capability on both B-channels. The D-channel is used

for signaling only.

Generic Package S (most common) includes:

• Voice and data capability on both B-channels. The D-channel is used

for signaling only.

• Calling Line ID (CLID) a.k.a Automatic Number Identification.

EZ-ISDN 1 (also know as Capability U and recommended) includes:

• Voice and data capability on both B-channels. The D-channel is used

for signaling only.

• Calling Line ID (CLID) a.k.a Automatic Number Identification.

• Additional voice features

ISDN and Ordering Issues

9

Note: The router supports this package, but voice features are only

useful on models with POTS support.
Important: Point-to-Multipoint service is preferred over Point-to-Point
service since you get 2 DNs. Generic Package S is best suited for Point­to-Multipoint service.

3. Request National ISDN-1 switch as your preferred switch
type. (This is not required but recommended.)

4. The following information will be provided by your

telephone company:

Europe: Switch type and Directory Numbers (DNs)

North America: Switch type, Service Profile ID Numbers (SPIDs), and

Directory Numbers (DNs)
Asia: Switch type and Directory Numbers (DNs)

Your switch Type will be one of the following and may or may not have
SPIDs associated with it:

SWITCH TYPES DNs SPIDs

EUROPE

NET3 European ISDN/ETSI
NET3SW Swiss NET3 variant

yes
yes

no
no

NORTH

AMERICA

NI1 National ISDN-1-compliant switches
AT&T 5ESS AT&T 5ESS Custom
DMS100 Northern Telecom DMS-100

yes
yes
yes

yes
yes
yes

ASIA

NTT Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
KDD Kokusai Denshin Denwa., Ltd.
HSD64 64Kb permanent connection
HSD128 128Kb permanent connection

yes
yes

no
no

no
no
no
no

Note: Save this information; you will need it later to configure your router.

5. Order long distance ISDN service (North America).

Contact the long distance company of your choice to obtain ISDN
service outside of your local telephone company’s service area. Here are
some long distance companies and their telephone numbers for North
America:

AT&T: 1-800-222-7956
MCI: 1-800-MCI-ISDN
Sprint: 1-800-736-1130

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When ordering your long distance ISDN service, specify:

• ISDN Circuit Switched Data capability (clear channel 64 Kb)

• Voice for both B-channels

Installing Router Hardware

11

Chapter 2. Installing Router Hardware

Before You Begin…

Router Package Contents

You should find the following items in your router package:

• Router

• Twisted pair Ethernet (TPE) crossover cable (yellow label marked

“Ethernet 10 Base-T, Crossover”)

• WAN and ISDN attachment cable (blue label marked “ISDN or ADSL”)

• Console cable with adapter (green label marked “Console”)

• Power cable

• Diskettes containing Configuration Manager and the Command Line

Interface manual

• User Guide (this manual)

• Internet Quick Start guide

Package Contents Inspection

Be sure to inspect the equipment contained in this package prior to
installation to ensure that the router has not been damaged during
shipment. You should report any damage to the freight carrier. DO NOT

ATTEMPT TO INSTALL OR OPERATE DAMAGED EQUIPMENT.

Model Features and Numbers

Important: For router hardware reference, consult the model-specific Quick
Start Guide.

The router contains:

• One Ethernet port

• One RS232 asynchronous console port

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• One ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI) port (with built-in U interface)

• Models 104, 105, and 107 support 2 analog device ports for POTS (Plain

Old Telephone Service)

• Built-in power supply

Series Number Model

Number

ISDN

Interface

2-Line

POTS

LAN Devices

Supported

International

101 S/T No Unrestricted

104 S/T Yes Unrestricted

North

103 U No Unrestricted

America

105 and 107 U Yes Unrestricted

Hardware Installation

Telephone Wiring Cautions

If you must install or alter existing telephone wiring, be sure to take the
following precautions:

• Do not install telephone wiring during a lightning storm

• Do not install telephone jacks in wet locations.

• Do not touch non-insulated telephone wires.

Installation Overview

Select a suitable location for installing the router. The router can be placed
on a table or other horizontal surface. Provide sufficient space at the rear of
the unit (a few inches) for proper air circulation. Before installation, ensure
the unit is powered off.

To install router hardware, you will perform the following operations:

Installing Router Hardware

13

1. Connect the router to the Ethernet LAN

2. Connect the router to an ISDN line

3. Connect phone, fax, or analog modem device to POTS interfaces

4. Connect the router to an AC power source

Note 1: Non-Windows users will have to additionally connect the router
console port to their computers to be able to initialize the router’s IP address
and configure the router. Refer to Appendix D, Access the Command Line
Interface (CLI) for more details.

Note 2: The Console interface is not used.
The following diagram shows the back panel the CSX105 router and the

location of jacks for connecting the ISDN equipment, analog device
equipment, and the Ethernet hub.

Installing and Accessing Configuration Manager

15

Step 1. Connect the Router to the Ethernet LAN

The 10Base-T port is used for Ethernet communications for single station or
hub configurations. Connect the Ethernet LAN using the following
instructions.

Configuration A: Ethernet single station

Single Station

Instructions:

1. Connect the 10Base-T Ethernet cable (yellow label marked

“Ethernet 10 Base-T, Crossover”) to the RJ45 twisted pair Ethernet
(TPE) jack marked 10 Base-T on the unit.

2. Connect the other end to the Ethernet board in your PC.

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Configuration B: Ethernet hub

Hub Attachment

Instructions:

1. Connect the 10 Base-T Ethernet cable (a standard category 5 TPE

cable, NOT SUPPLIED) to the RJ45 twisted pair Ethernet (TPE)
jack marked 10 Base-T on the unit.

2. Connect the other end to the Ethernet board in your PC.

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17

Step 2. Connect Analog Telephone Devices

If you are installing model CSX104 or CSX105, your router will have two
POTS interfaces on the rear of the unit.

Instruction:

Connect one or more phone, fax, answering machine, or other local
analog equipment to the POTS jacks on the back panel. You can attach
multiple devices to one POTS jack using a splitter connector.

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Step 3. Connect the Router to an ISDN Line

In North America, ISDN U interface models

These models were designed specifically for North America, where a
network terminator interface (NT1) is needed. This NT1 is built into the
router and is “transparent” to the user.
These models have only one ISDN U jack on the rear of the router.

U.S. Configuration: U Interface

Instructions

1. Plug one end of the ISDN cable (blue label marked “ISDN or

ADSL”)

into the RJ45 jack marked ISDN U on the back panel of the router.

2. Plug the other end of the cable into the RJ45 ISDN wall jack.

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19

Outside North America, ISDN S/T interface models:

These models were designed for international (outside North America)
markets where the NT1 is typically provided by the ISDN service
provider. These models have one ISDN S/T jack on the rear of the router
where the ISDN line is plugged in.

Note: Refer to Chapter 1 for more details on ordering and configuring an
ISDN line.

International (outside North America) Configuration: S/T Interface

Instructions

1. Plug one end of the ISDN cable (blue label marked “ISDN or

ADSL”) into the RJ45 jack marked ISDN S/T on the back panel of

the router.

2. Plug the other end of the cable into the S/T bus RJ45 ISDN wall

jack.
Note 1: You may connect multiple devices on the same wire in a

multi-point bus configuration with a splitter. If the router is in a
multi-point bus configuration and it is not on either end of the bus,
switches controlling termination must be set to off (See Appendix
A).

Note 2: Routers outside North America do not have an ISDN U
interface connector.

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Step 4. Connect the Router to an AC Power
Source

The router comes with a built-in power supply and a standard power cable.

Instructions

1. Check to see that the power switch (0=off, 1=on) on the rear of the

router is set off.

2. Connect the power cable (packaged with the router) to the AC power

connector on the back panel of the router and plug the other end into
an AC outlet.

3. After connecting the power source, turn the switch on. The router

will execute a Power-On-Self-Test (POST) when the unit is powered
on. During this test, channel lights will flicker. After successful
completion of the POST and boot of router software, the lights will
reflect ready status. Check the front panel of the router and you
should see that:

In North America:

• PWR light is lit green.

• LINE light is blinking or solid if the correct DNs and SPIDs are

found and accepted.

• NT-1 light is on indicating physical connectivity on the ISDN line.

If the lights do not reflect the ready state as indicated above, refer to
the section Troubleshooting.

Outside North America:

• PWR light is lit green.

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21

Chapter 3. Installing and Accessing

Configuration Manager

This chapter describes how to install and access Configuration Manager
running under Microsoft Windows.

About Configuration Manager

Configuration Manager is an easy-to-use, point-and-click graphical user
interface (GUI), thus making it the ideal tool to perform all the configurations
described in this guide. It is a Windows-based application and can run under
Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, and Windows NT.

Configuration Manager allows you to configure the router’s system settings,
routing and bridging function, remote router access, bandwidth management,
and security features.

It also includes a set of tools designed to simplify some configuration tasks.
Personal computer hardware and software prerequisites needed to run
Configuration Manager are listed in the following section.

An Ethernet LAN connection between the router and the personal computer is
needed to configure the router using the Graphical User Interface.

Note: If you only intend to connect to the Internet, please use the Internet
Quick Start guide and application instead.

Important Note:
There are a few “unusual” situations where users have to use the Command

Line Interface instead of Configuration Manager to configure the router, as

listed below:

• IP address initialization and router configuration for non-Windows-based

platforms (such as Macintosh and UNIX)

• Advanced settings of DHCP, filters, or ISDN Dial-Back for example

• Changing an existing IP address

The Command Line Interface requires a console or Telnet connection.
Detailed information about installing and accessing the CLI is described in
Appendix D, Accessing the Command Line Interface (CLI).

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Hardware and Software Prerequisites

Configuration Manager requires the following hardware and system
configuration:

• IBM-compatible Personal Computer

• Ethernet network interface card

• 8.0 MB of hard disk space (5.0 MB for Configuration Manager and on-

line documentation plus up to 3.0 MB for the files to be installed in the
\WINDOWS\SYSTEM directory)

• Microsoft Windows 3.1, Windows for Workgroups, Windows 95, or

Windows NT

• Winsock 1.1-compliant TCP/IP stack installed and running on your PC

(included with Windows 95)

Install Configuration Manager

To access Configuration Manager, you will first configure your PC to obtain
an IP address automatically, and then install the Configuration Manager
application.

Note 1: Windows 95 is assumed throughout this section.

Set your PC to obtain an IP address

This section assumes that you have already:

• connected the router’s cables.

• powered on the router.

Instructions

1. From the taskbar, click the Start button, select Settings, ää Control

Panel, ä Network.

2. You are now in the Network window. In the Configuration tab page,

double-click TCP/IP (to configure your network adapter).

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23

3. In the TCP/IP Properties window, in the IP Address tab page, enable

Obtain an IP address
automatically by clicking the

button next to it.

4. Click OK.

5. Answer Yes to “Do you want

to restart your computer?”
Your computer will reboot.

(Note: If your settings were already
configured with these attributes, you
will not be prompted to reboot and a
reboot is not necessary.)

Install Configuration Manager on your PC

This section assumes that you have already:

• connected the router’s cables.

• powered the router on.

• set your PC to obtain an IP address.

• rebooted your PC.

Instructions

The three diskettes included in the router box contain Configuration
Manager, the Internet Quick Start program (a configuration utility for
Internet users) and an electronic copy of the Command Line Interface
manual.

1. To install the Configuration Manager program, insert diskette #1 in

drive A: (or B:) of your PC.

2. Select the Start button. In the dialog box provided under the Run

menu item type:
A:\SETUP.EXE (or B:\SETUP.EXE)

Configuration Manager will be installed in the C:\CFGMGR directory by
default. You may however choose to install it in another directory.

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Access Configuration Manager

1. Click the Start button on your PC desktop.

2. Select Programs.

3. Select Cabletron Configuration Manager.

4. Click the Configuration Manager icon.
The following screen is the Configuration Manager’s main menu, before you

connect to the router:

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25

Chapter 4. Router Configuration

Planning for Router Configuration

This section describes configuration terminology and the information that you
need to collect before configuring the router.

Important Terminology

You should familiarize yourself with the following terminology, as it will be
used throughout the configuration process. The diagram illustrates these key
words/concepts.

Target router: Router that you are configuring. Also referred to as local
router.

Remote routers: All the routers to which the target (local) router may
connect.

Remote router database: Database which resides in the target router and
contains information about the remote routers to which the target router may
connect.

Remote router entry: Entry about a remote router in the target router
database. A remote router entry defines:

• Connection parameters

• Security features

• Route addressing and bridging functions

The following diagram illustrates these key words and concepts.

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Important Routing Concepts

TCP/IP Routing

The purpose of IP routing is to take the IP destination address and look
up the interface on which the packet should be forwarded. In the case of
the router, this can be either the LAN (Ethernet) or the WAN. Because
each remote entry has an IP route associated with it, this may involve
first bringing up the link to that destination in order to allow forwarding
to take place.

Ethernet interface

Each Ethernet interface needs to have defined an IP address and subnet
mask.

ISDN WAN interface

The IP address and mask can be defined statically (Static Seeding),

- or ­The IP address and mask can be assigned dynamically through the PPP
Protocol,

- or ­An IP address and mask may simply not be required (Unnumbered
mode).

The exact detail for how the WAN port needs to be configured depends
upon the requirements of the router at the remote end. Normally, the
required information is passed between the routers using the PPP
Protocol, thus no manual configuration is required.

When the local WAN interface has an IP address and mask defined, the
remote WAN interface also has an IP address and mask associated with
it. These interfaces are known as the local (source) WAN IP address
and the remote WAN IP address.

Each remote router ISDN WAN link may have local and remote WAN IP
addresses and subnet masks depending on the method of IP addressing
used. The IP routing table in the target router can be ‘seeded’ with
addressing information for networks/stations beyond the remote router.

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TCP/IP Route Addresses

Static Seeding: If the router is to direct traffic to networks or stations
beyond the remote router, the routing table in the target router can be
‘seeded’ with static IP routes. An IP route includes an IP address, subnet
mask, and metric. The metric is a number representing the perceived
cost in reaching the remote network or station.

The target router’s routing table must be seeded statically so that it dials
out to the appropriate remote router when IP traffic is addressed to
networks and stations beyond that remote router. After the link is
established, RIP update packets will dynamically add to the target
router’s routing table.

Note: Seeding the routing table is not necessary when a target router
never dials out; it will discover remote networks and stations beyond the
calling router as soon as RIP updates arrive (provided the remote router
supports RIP and RIP packets are allowed to flow on the WAN link).

TCP/IP Default Route

One default route should be designated in the routing table for all traffic
that cannot be directed to other specific routes. The default route is
specified as: 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1

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You will need to define the default route for a remote router (if the target
router will be placing calls to that remote router). There can be only one
default route specified for all the remote database entries.

Note: You cannot have more than one router configured to advertise
itself as the default router. Usually, this not a problem since most
organizations have only one router. However, if you have more than one
router, be sure to choose only one router as the default router and change
the configuration of the other routers accordingly.

Source (Target) and Remote WAN IP Addresses

You may need to specify a source WAN IP address and/or a remote WAN
IP address for the WAN connection to the remote router depending on IP
address negotiation under PPP. Check with your system administrator
for details on whether the router must communicate in numbered or
unnumbered mode and what addresses are required. The three possible
scenarios are illustrated on the next page.

In unnumbered mode, neither IP address is defined on the WAN link. In
numbered mode, one IP address is defined on each end of the WAN link.
These addresses may or may not belong to the same subnetwork. They
may also be determined automatically, negotiated, or forced by the
network administrator.

The Router runs in unnumbered mode or numbered mode, determined
automatically. If unnumbered mode negotiation fails, numbered mode is
attempted using the Ethernet LAN IP address as a default source WAN
IP address. If you have specified a source WAN IP Address, unnumbered
mode negotiation is not performed; i.e., the operating mode is numbered.
If a source WAN IP address is explicitly defined, the router will not, as a
rule, accept another local address from the remote end. In numbered
mode without an explicit Source WAN IP address, this address can be
negotiated to a different value by the remote end.

If the remote router supports unnumbered mode, neither address needs to
be specified.

For numbered mode, consider the capabilities of the remote router as well
as your requirements. Specify a Source WAN IP Address if the target

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29

router must be on the same subnetwork as the remote router. The
following illustration is an example of a subnet (128.1.129.0) of Class B
IP network (128.1).

Specify a Remote WAN IP Address if the remote router does not support
IP address negotiation under PPP (i.e., does not have a pre-assigned IP
address).

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IPX Routing

An Ethernet LAN IPX network number is required for the router’s local
Ethernet LAN connection. The ISDN WAN link to each remote router
must have an assigned IPX network number. IPX Routes and IPX SAPs
for each remote router are also required for the configuration process.

IPX Routes

If the router is to direct traffic to network segments and servers beyond
the remote router, the routing table in the target router can be ‘seeded’
with static IPX routes. An IPX route includes:

• a network number

• a hop count (the hop count is the number of routers through which

traffic must pass to reach the remote network segment or server)

• a number of ticks (the number of ticks represents how much time the
packet takes to reach the destination in units of roughly 1/20th of a
second)

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31

The target router’s routing information table must be seeded statically so
that the target router dials out to the appropriate remote router when IPX
traffic is targeted to network segments or servers beyond that remote
router. After the link is established, RIP update packets will dynamically
add to the target router’s routing information table. Seeding the routing
table is not necessary when a target router never dials out; it will discover
routes beyond the calling router as soon as RIP updates arrive (provided
the remote router supports RIP). However, for watchdog spoofing to
work, the remote IPX Routes for network segments and servers should be
defined.

IPX SAPs

If the router is to obtain services beyond the remote router, the target
router’s SAP services table must be seeded statically. A SAP service is
identified by:

• a server name and corresponding server type

• network number

• node number

• socket (the socket number represents the service (application) within

the server node

The target router’s SAP services table must be seeded statically so that
the target router can direct traffic to the appropriate remote router when a
service is requested from a server beyond that remote router. After the
link is established, SAP broadcast packets will dynamically add to the
target router’s services table. Seeding the table is not necessary when a
target router never dials out; it will discover remote services beyond the
calling router as soon as SAP broadcasts arrive (provided the remote
router supports IPX).

IPX Network Numbers

IPX network numbers are assigned to LAN network segments as well as
servers. These numbers should be unique for all IPX networks on the
Internetwork.

IPX external network numbers refer to the physical LAN network
segments to which servers and routers are connected. The WAN link
network number is an external IPX network number. This is a unique
number that you choose (or are given by the network administrator) to
represent the WAN link between the target router and remote router.
The local Ethernet IPX network number is also an external network
number.

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32

Servers are identified with internal network numbers. This is a logical
network number that identifies the individual server. For a local router
to access a server beyond the remote router, you will specify a route using
the internal network number of a server. To seed the routing table to
access a network segment, you will specify the external network number
of the LAN segment. The network number in the SAP table is the
internal network number of the server.

Node Numbers

Servers can have internal and external node numbers. The internal node
number is a logical number assigned by the system administrator to the
server. The external node number is the MAC address of the NIC in the
server. When adding SAP services to the SAP table, internal node
numbers are used.

Collect Your Network Information

You should obtain, define, and specify information about the target router’s
network before you start configuring your router. This simple step will save
you time and make the configuration process a lot easier. Use the Network
Information Worksheets in Appendix C to collect your network information.

For the Target router, you need to define and obtain:

• Its own name and security password (defined by the user)

• ISDN line information (obtained from the ISDN service provider)

• The Ethernet LAN IP and/or IPX address (defined/specified by the user

or provided by the network administrator)

In the Target’s remote database, you need to identify:

• The remote router(s)

• Their routing and bridging capability

• ISDN phone numbers

• Addressing and security information

If you are using IP routing, you also need to decide if you will use Internet
Firewall filtering.

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33

Names and Passwords

Name and Password for the Target router

You must choose a name and authentication password for the target
router. They are used by a remote site to authenticate the target router.

Names and Passwords for the Remote Router(s)

For each remote router, you must have the router name and its authenti­cation password. They are used by this target router to authenticate the
remote router. The name and password are used in both PAP and CHAP
authentication. The following diagram shows how this information is
used.

Note: A useful Names and Passwords Example is provided, page 66.

ISDN Line Information

The following information should be obtained from your ISDN service
provider:

ISDN switch type

The switch types supported are listed in chapter 1, page 7.

Directory Numbers (DNs) or Phone Numbers

Phone numbers assigned by the ISDN service provider for each device
operating on the line. Used for others to dial into the ISDN B-channels
on your ISDN line. This number can be similar to the phone number.

Note: The Directory Number is generally not implemented outside North
America.

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Service Profile Identifications (SPIDs)

SPIDs identify the services and features that the switch provides to the
ISDN device. Commonly implemented in the U.S. and Canada, the
SPID is often derived from the directory number, concatenated with other
digits.

Note: SPIDs are not implemented outside North America.
Refer to Chapter 1, ISDN and Ordering Issues, for further information.

TCP/IP Routing Entries

You will need to obtain the following network addresses:

For the Ethernet Interface

Ethernet IP Address (Local LAN)

An Ethernet LAN IP address and subnet mask are required for the
router’s local Ethernet LAN connection.

TCP/IP Ethernet Routes

You normally do not need to define an Ethernet IP route. An Ethernet IP
route consists of an IP address, a mask, a metric, and a gateway. An
Ethernet route is usually defined when there are multiple routers on the
Ethernet, which cannot exchange routing information between them.

Ethernet Default Gateway

One default route should be designated in the routing table for all traffic
that cannot be directed to other specific routes.
You will need to define the default route to a remote router or define an
Ethernet gateway. There can be only one default route specified for all
the remote database entries.

For the ISDN WAN Interface

Source (Target/Local) WAN Port Address

You may need to specify a source WAN IP address for the WAN
connection to the remote router depending on IP address negotiation
under PPP.
Check with your system administrator for details on whether the router
must communicate in numbered or unnumbered mode and what
addresses are required. The router is set to unnumbered mode by default.
This enables numbered mode on the WAN interface.

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35

Remote WAN Address

You may need to specify a remote WAN IP address for the WAN
connection to the remote router depending on IP address negotiation
under PPP.
Check with your system administrator for details on whether the router
must communicate in numbered or unnumbered mode and what
addresses are required. The router is set to unnumbered mode by default.
This enables numbered mode on the WAN interface.

TCP/IP Remote Routes

An IP route includes an IP address, subnet mask, and metric (a number
representing the perceived cost in reaching the remote network or
station).

• TCP/IP Default Route

A default route should be designated in the routing table for all
traffic that cannot be directed to other specific routes.
You will need to define the default route to a remote router or, if
required due to special circumstances, define an Ethernet gateway.
There can be only one default route specified for all the remote
database entries.

Advice: It is often helpful to draw a diagram including all locations,
addresses, router names, etc. The following diagram shows the
information required to configure only the target router’s side. If you
need to configure both ends of the WAN link, you will want to label all
information for the network.

IPX Routing

If you are configuring IPX routing, you will need to obtain the following
information (most likely from your network administrator).

Note: IPX routes define a path to a specific destination. They are
primarily needed by the routers to allow the servers and clients to
exchange packets. A path to a file server will be based on the Internal
Network Number of the server.

A path to a client will be based on the External Network Number
(Ethernet) of the client.

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Internal Network Number

It is a logical network number that identifies an individual Novell server.
It is needed to specify a route to the services (i.e. file services, print
services) that Novell offers. It must be a unique number.

External Network (a.k.a. IPX Network Number)

It refers to a physical LAN/wire network segment to which servers,
routers, and PCs are connected (Ethernet cable-to-router segment). It
must be a unique number. Number

WAN Network Number

Important: This number is not part of the routing information.
This number identifies the WAN segment between the two routers only.
Note that only one router needs to have the WAN Network Number
configured. The other router will learn it.

SAP (Service Advertisement Protocol)

SAP entries should reflect primary logon servers for the clients on the
local LAN. Only the servers on the remote side of the link have to be
entered. Local servers do not need to be entered.

Frame type

With local servers on your LAN, make sure to select the proper frame
type for the IPX network number. To determine this, consult with your
network administrator. When you have only NetWare clients on your
LAN, leave the default (802.2) selected as most clients support any type.
The frame type choices are:

802.2 Default recommended by Novell

802.3 Other most common type
DIX For DEC, Intel, Xerox; this setting is also referred to

as “Ethernet II”, and is rapidly becoming obsolete.

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37

Configuration Steps

Overview

If you have collected the required information as described in the preceding
section, you are ready to configure the router.

Using Configuration Manager, you will perform the following basic
configuration steps:

1. Connect, Select the Router to configure, and log into the target

router.

2. System Settings

Configure the target router’s system settings including:

• System Name

• System Message (optional)

• Dial Authentication Password

• Ethernet IP Address and LAN RIP Settings

• DHCP Settings

• If configuring IPX: Ethernet IPX Network #

• Change Login Password (optional)

3. ISDN Settings

Configure the target router’s ISDN Settings including:

• ISDN Switch Settings: SPIDs, DNs, Switch type

• Analog Phone Settings (for POTS routers)

4. Remote Routers

Add Remote Routers to the remote router database and configure the
following remote router information:

• ISDN Dial Settings: Caller ID, Call Back information, Bandwidth

management controls

• Security information

• Bridging capability

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• TCP/IP route addressing and routing protocol controls

• If configuring IPX: IPX Routes addressing and IPX SAPs services

5. Bridging / Routing

• Set the default bridging destination

• Enable IP routing

• If configuring IPX: Enable IPX routing

• Enable the Internet Firewall

• Enable WAN-to-WAN Forwarding

6. Store

Save the router’s configuration

7. Reboot the router

8. Verify the router’s configuration

As you step through the configuration, each setting you change results in a
dynamic update of the router’s configuration. Some changes, though, don’t
take effect until you store the configuration and reboot the router.

Note: Changes requiring a reboot of the router

System Settings:

Ethernet IP
IPX Address and options

Bridging and Routing Controls:
TCP/IP Routing
IPX Routing
Default Bridge Destination

Remote Router:
TCP/IP Route Addresses
IPX Routes
IPX SAPs
Bridging
Add or remove remote router entries

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39

Step 1. Connect and log into the Target Router

This section assumes that you have already installed Configuration Manager
on your PC and know how to access it (otherwise, refer to Chapter 3, for
details).

Connect

The router is shipped to users with a default IP address that does not
need to be changed (however, to change the default IP address, refer to
Step 2. Ethernet LAN Address and Protocol). This default address is

192.168.254.254.
⇒ Click the Connect button to connect your PC to the target router.

This will open the Select the Router window where the default IP
address (192.168.254.254) is already entered.

⇒ Click OK.
If Configuration Manager cannot connect successfully to the target

router, you will get a message asking you if you wish to retry to connect.
If you cannot connect to the router:
Verify the router’s LAN IP address and subnet mask by using the

Terminal Window (under Tools) and typing eth list.
Check the PC and router’s physical connections to the LAN.

First-time Connection Messages

The first time that you connect to the router, a message will inform you
that the firmware file is being automatically backed up from the router to
the PC.

If you have been supplied with an Installation Script, you may, with
your initial connection to the router, execute it. Follow the instructions
on screen. Otherwise, click No.

Password, Login, Skip

⇒ Enter the Login Password “admin” in the Login window.
This security feature allows you to prevent unauthorized write access to

the router’s configuration. The default login password is “admin” when
first configuring the router. Type it in lowercase and verify that your
keyboard Caps Lock key is not active. After successfully connecting to
the router, the main menu screen will appear.

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40

Note: If you only want to view the router’s configuration settings:

⇒ Click Skip.
If you attempt to change any of the router’s configuration settings while

in View-Only mode, you will again be prompted for the write enable
Login Password.

Name, Message, Software, Hardware, About

Name is the name for the target router.
Message is an informational message that you can enter and save for this

target router display.
The Name and Message fields are blank for the initial configuration. If

you click either of these fields after the label, a menu is displayed
allowing you to alter this information. You do not need to do this at this
time; this is the same menu displayed when you click the button System

Settings later in the configuration process.
Software is the target router’s software level.
Hardware is the Model Number, Serial Number and Revision Level of

the router.
The About button is used to display Configuration Manager’s version

number, date, and SNMP DLL version.
If you need to supply Technical Support with a technical information log

file, press the Tech Info button to collect the information.

Step 2. Target Router’s System Settings

You will now enter information about the target router you are configuring
and adding to your network. This information includes:

• The system name

• An optional system message

• A dial authentication password

• Ethernet IP address

• DHCP

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41

• Ethernet IPX address (if you are configuring IPX)

• Change the login password (optional)

⇒ Click System Settings from the main menu. The Name and Message

fields are blank when you first configure the router.

System Name

⇒ Enter a router name in the field labeled Name.
You must enter a system name for the target router. This name is sent to

other routers during dial-up authentication. Space characters within the
name are converted to underscores, as the system name is a ‘word’ when
exchanged with PAP/CHAP.

System Message

⇒ You may enter an optional system message in the field labeled

Message.

This message is saved in the router and is displayed on Configuration
Manager’s main menu screen. This field is useful for specifying, for
example, the name of the person configuring this router and the last changes
made.

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Authentication Password

The target router’s dial authentication password is used for
authentication when the target router dials out to other routers or is
challenged by them. The password is not displayed as you enter it and
must be entered twice. A new password overrides the previous one.

⇒ To set the password, click Authentication Password and enter the

new password twice in the small window.

⇒ Click OK to set the password.

Ethernet IP Address and LAN RIP Settings

You have the option to enter or change your router’s Ethernet IP address
and IP protocol control information (LAN RIP Settings).

Ethernet IP Address

For IP routing, click Ethernet IP Address if you wish to change the
Ethernet IP address and subnet mask from the default. The following
window displays the default IP address and subnet mask (factory default).

Changing the IP Address and Mask

⇒ Use this window if you wish to change the router’s IP address and

subnet mask. This may occur, for example, if a company already has
a LAN network and users are given specific addresses to use by their
network administrator.

⇒ Click OK to save the changes and exit the window.

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43

Note: If you change either of these fields, you must always perform a
Store and Reboot as shown in later steps.

LAN RIP Settings

To change the default RIP settings, refer to Routing Information
Protocol, page 73.

DHCP

The router supports DHCP, and acts as a DHCP server. This allows hosts
(PCs, etc.) to acquire initialization parameters (IP addresses, masks,
domain names, etc.) from the router. DHCP is enabled by default.
For more information on DHCP configuration, refer to Chapter 5.

Configuring Advanced Features.

Ethernet IPX Network Numbers

If you are configuring the router for IPX routing, click Ethernet IPX
Network #.

⇒ Enter your IPX Network Number. Select the appropriate frame type.
⇒ Click OK to save the changes and exit the window.

The IPX Network Number (also known as the External Network
Number) is an 8-character hexadecimal string representing the Ethernet
LAN. You can now use this window to change the settings.

The frame types must be compatible with the Novell server located on the
same LAN. To determine this, consult with your network administrator.

Note: you must always perform a Store and Reboot, when entering or
changing information in this window.

Change Login Password

⇒ If you wish to change the login password from the default (admin),

click Change Login on the main menu.

⇒ In the Login Password window, enter a new password in the fields

provided.
The password is not displayed as you enter it and must be entered

twice. A new password overrides the previous one set.

⇒ Click OK to set the password.

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44

Step 3. Target Router’s ISDN Settings

The target router’s ISDN line information includes:

• The ISDN provider’s switch type

• ISDN Directory Numbers (DNs)

• ISDN SPIDs

• Options (Lock Line Speed, etc.)

You must enter ISDN line information for your target router. All of this

information is provided by your telephone company (refer to Chapter 1 for
more details).

⇒ From Configuration Manager’s main menu, click ISDN Settings and

then click ISDN Switch to access the following window:

ISDN Switch

⇒ Specify the Switch Type that your ISDN service provider is using in

the Telco Switch Type field. Select one of the appropriate switch:

NTT (Nippon Telephone and Telegraph)
KDD (Kokusai Denshin Denwa Co., Ltd.)
AT&T 5ESS custom
Northern Telecom DMS-100 custom
NI1 National ISDN 1 (compliant switches)
NET3 for European ISDN
NET3SW for European ISDN NET3 Swiss-variant

Note: NI1 is the most common and preferred switch type in North
America.

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45

Directory Numbers (DNs)

⇒ Enter directory numbers corresponding to the ISDN B-channels in

the field labeled ISDN DNs.

SPIDs (North America only)

One ISDN SPID may be assigned for each B-channel of the ISDN line, or
one SPID may be assigned for both channels, or SPIDs may not be
provided at all. The SPID look like the Directory Number extended with
additional digits.

Note 1: SPIDs do not apply to NTT, KDD, and NET switch types.
Note 2: Outside North America, SPIDs are not implemented.

Auto SPIDs detection

The router features an auto SPIDs detection program that attempts to
collect telephone-related information automatically. In most cases, the
telephone information will be detected successfully.

Note: If auto SPIDs detection fails, the user will have to enter this
information manually.

Once you have set a switch type and directory numbers, the router can try
to automatically detect the SPID numbers as follows:

⇒ From the ISDN Switch Settings window, click the Auto SPIDs

button.

⇒ The ISDN Auto SPIDs Configuration screen will appear. The

router will attempt to detect several common SPID formats and this
process may take about one minute. If valid SPIDs are found, they
will be saved in the router automatically.

⇒ Follow the instructions given on the screen carefully.

If SPIDs detection fails:

Click Stop SPIDs Search and you will return to the previous screen
where you can manually enter the SPIDs information.

Outgoing Data Calls Allowed / Incoming Data Calls Allowed

⇒ You have the option to allow outgoing data calls or incoming data

calls by checking the appropriate box. This setting will become
active when you close the dialog box.

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46

This feature is mainly intended for router models equipped with analog
telephony features (POTS routers): it allows you to receive and place
analog calls without incurring lengthy and expensive phone calls for data
(because you are allowing calls to an outbound bridge, for instance).

Lock Line Speed

When this setting is enabled, the router places and receives calls at the
speed of 56 kilobits per seconds, regardless of the speed setting in the
remote database.
To lock the line speed at 56Kb/s, click OK to set the ISDN parameters.

For more information on this option, refer to Lock Line Speed at 56Kb/s,
p.80.

Analog Phone Settings

Important: This feature only applies if you have a POTS router.

⇒ Click Analog Phones in ISDN Settings.
Your POTS router is preconfigured with default settings for your

telephone interfaces. The default analog phone settings for POTS 1 and
POTS 2 are:

• Both (Dial and Answer Mode)

• Always (for both Data Preemption and Automatic Preemption)

If you wish to change the default settings for the POTS interfaces, refer to
Analog Phone Settings, p. 77.

Step 4. Remote Routers Database

Information about all the remote routers to which this (local/target) router
may connect on the Wide Area Network (WAN) is entered into the router’s
remote router database. The remote router information includes:

• Dial settings

• Security

• Bridging specifications

• TCP/IP route addressing and protocol controls

• Remote IPX route services (IPX Routes - IPX SAPs)

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47

⇒ Click Remote Routers from the main menu. This will open the Remote

Router Database window.

Add, delete, modify, enable/disable an Entry

Add a New Remote Router

Before you enter your first remote router, the Remote Router field is
blank. After adding a router, the screen displays as indicated above.

⇒ To add a new remote router to the remote router database, click New

Entry. A new window opens (not shown).

⇒ Enter the new router name in the field provided and then click OK.

The router name will then be placed in the list of routers, at the top
of the list on the previous screen.

Delete a Remote Router Database Entry

⇒ Click the down arrow associated with the Select a Router field in

order to display the list of remote routers entered into the database.

⇒ Click the name of the router entry you wish to delete. Click Delete

Entry.

⇒ In the Delete Entry small window, confirm by clicking Yes.
⇒ Click Close to exit the Remote Router Database screen.

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48

Modify a Remote Router Database Entry

⇒ Click the down arrow associated with the Select a Router field in

order to display the list of remote routers entered into the database.

⇒ Click the router name of the router entry you wish to modify.
⇒ Then proceed to select the items to modify (like Dial Settings,

Security, etc.). Click Close to exit the Remote Router Database
screen.

Enable or Disable Remote Router Entry

Router entries and changes are enabled by default. However make sure
that the Entry Enabled box is checked. Disabling and then re-enabling
an entry requires a reboot unless you have not rebooted between the
changes.

⇒ When you are done, click Close in the Remote Router Database

window to return to the main window.

Dial Settings

After adding a router to the remote router database, you can then enter
additional information about the router.

⇒ Click Dial Settings.

This next window allows you to set ISDN phone numbers for the remote
router as well as control bandwidth management.

ISDN Phone Numbers

⇒ Enter one or two remote ISDN phone numbers associated with the

remote router in the ISDN Phone Numbers field. This is the

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49

number that will be dialed to connect to the remote router. (ISDN
phone numbers can contain the numbers 0-9 and the characters *
and #.)

Important: Be sure to include the area code and long distance prefix
even if you are located in the same area code.

Dialing Speed

When placing an outgoing call to the selected remote site, you can adjust
the bit rate of the call with one of three choices: 64 Kb, 56 Kb, or Auto.

Auto is the default mode: a 64-Kb-per-second call is attempted first with
a fall back to 56 kilobits. You can, however, restrict the router to only
dial at either 64 or 56 kilobits per second.

Bandwidth Management

Inactivity Timeout

⇒ Enter a number (in seconds) in the field labeled Inactivity Timeout.
This will force a disconnect and will minimize dial-up costs. (The default

disconnect time is 60 seconds.)
The router will disconnect the ISDN link after the number of seconds has

passed since the last data transmission.

Minimum Links

You can set the minimum number of links to be used for remote data
transmission.

⇒ Specify a number of B-channels (up to maximum links) to be

permanently allocated for the remote site connection or specify that a
channel is allocated only as required. (0 is the default indicating a
channel is allocated when needed)

⇒ Specify 1 or 2 for permanent allocation of one or two channels.

Maximum Links

When traffic is sent or received, one or two channels can be used for data
transmission. This configuration setting determines whether a maximum
of one or two B-channels are available for remote transmission.

⇒ Enter 1 or 2 in the field labeled Maximum Links.
(The default is to have one channel or link available for the connection.)

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50

Utilization Threshold (%)

Initially a call is activated on one B-channel. When bandwidth
utilization reaches the bandwidth threshold, the second B-channel is
activated (if the maximum links value has been set to 2). Both channels
are utilized until the bandwidth utilization drops below the threshold for
5 seconds, then the second channel is dropped.

⇒ Set a number from 0 to 100 in the field Utilization Threshold.
(The default is 50% utilization which means that the second channel will

connect immediately after the first channel connects.)

Bandwidth Management Direction

Bandwidth management can be applied to incoming, outgoing, or both
directions of traffic between the router and the remote site.

Select Input, Output, or Input and Output.

Enable Data Compression

Compression for the link is enabled by default.
⇒ However, if you experience compatibility problems, turn off data

compression.

Dial-Back Numbers

Dial-Back forces the local router to refuse an incoming call from the
remote router and dial the remote router back. This feature allows ISDN
phone charges to be billed to the local router. Check Chapter 6,
Advanced Configuration Features, for additional information.

⇒ Click OK to save all of the remote router’s dial settings.

Security Information

⇒ From the remote router menu screen select Security.

The Security window allows you to specify the type of authentication and
password required by the target router when communicating with the
remote router.

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51

Security Authentication Protocol

The authentication protocol is the minimum security level that the target
router must use when communicating with the remote router. This
protocol level is checked during security negotiation. The Router will
always attempt to negotiate CHAP, the highest level of security possible.
The router will not accept a negotiated security level less than the
minimum authentication level selected.

⇒ Click CHAP, PAP, or None. PAP is the default.
Note: The authentication process occurs regardless of whether a remote

router has dialed in or the target router is dialing out, and even if the
remote end does not request authentication. Authentication is a bi­directional process, where each end can authenticate the other using the
protocol of its choice (provided the other end supports it). The parameter
in the remote router database is the minimum security level used by the
target router when challenging or authenticating the remote router.

Disable Authentication

⇒ Check the Disable Authentication box if you wish to prevent your

router from authenticating the remote router when dialing out.

The router will not request any authentication information from the
remote router, but will still reply to any PAP or CHAP authentication
request performed by the remote, such as your ISP. When this setting is
in effect, the selected remote will not be able to dial into your router since
the router always requires authentication when accepting incoming calls.

Security Authentication Password

This password is the remote router’s password used by the target router
to authenticate the remote router.

⇒ To enter or change the remote router’s password, click Remote’s

Password.

⇒ In the next window, enter a new password in the fields provided.

The password is not displayed as you enter it and must be entered
twice. A new password overrides the previous one set. Blank
passwords are not acceptable.

⇒ Click OK to set the password. Click OK again to save the security

specification.

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52

Bridging Capability

⇒ From the Remote Router Database menu screen, select Bridging

On/Off.

You specify whether the target router bridges traffic to/from this remote
router.

⇒ Click On or Off (default) to turn bridging on or off.

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

You can also specify if you wish the router to use the Spanning Tree
Protocol (STP) which allows the router to check for bridging loops and
communicate with other sites that support the protocol.

⇒ Select On or Off. Click OK to set the bridging parameters.
Default: The default behavior of the router is to NOT implement STP

when bridging over the ISDN WAN. This eliminates a period of about
40 seconds during which the ISDN lines are dialed and no user traffic is
forwarded, while the Spanning Tree Protocol checks for and eliminates
loops in the network topology.

On: If there is a possibility of redundant paths between nodes, the
Spanning Tree Protocol should be turned on when dialing a site where
such a loop possibility exists.

Off: If you choose to leave STP off, this assumes that no pair of nodes on
the larger network, made by joining all the local LANs that can dial each
other, can be connected by more than one path. This assumption usually
holds true for telecommuters and many branch office situations.

TCP/IP Route Addressing and IP Protocol Controls

TCP/IP Route Addresses

⇒ From the Remote Router Database menu screen, select TCP/IP

Route Addresses.

If you are configuring TCP/IP Routing, you now need to enter details
about routing to stations/networks on the LAN connected beyond the
remote router. Refer to the section Important Routing Concepts,
page 26 to determine if you need to seed the routing table and what
information is required.

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53

⇒ To seed the routing table, you will enter the TCP/IP Route

Addresses into the table using this window.

This window displays a list of each network IP address with the
corresponding subnet mask, metric, and gateway if needed.

The metric is a number between 1 and 15 that indicates the perceived
cost in reaching the remote network or station.

⇒ To add a new entry, click Add, enter the IP address, subnet mask

and metric in the small window displayed and click OK.

⇒ You must enter a default route for one remote router (if the target

router will be placing calls to that remote router). The default route
is specified as: 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1 (or you may click the
default route button).

Note: There can be only one default route specified for all the remote
database entries. Defining a default route on the WAN is comparable to
defining a gateway on the LAN.

If you have more than one router, be sure to choose only one router as the
default router and change the configuration of the other routers
accordingly.

Enable Address Translation

⇒ You will need to check this box if you are connection to an Internet

Service Provider that has assigned you a single IP address.

Refer to Network Address Translation (NAT), page 72, for more details.

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Source and Remote WAN IP Addresses

⇒ Click the Advanced button if you wish to specify WAN IP addresses

or set IP protocol options.

You may need to specify a Source WAN Port Address and/or a Remote
WAN Port Address for the WAN connection to the remote router,
depending on IP address negotiation under PPP. Refer to the section
Important Routing Concepts, page 26, to determine if you need to specify
these addresses. Enter the IP addresses and corresponding subnet masks
if required on this menu screen.

WAN RIP Settings (IP Protocol Controls)
For more information, refer to Chapter 5, Configuring Advanced

Features.

IPX Route Addressing/Services

Skip to step 5, if you are not using IPX Routing.

⇒ From the remote router menu screen, select IPX Routes.
⇒

If you are configuring IPX Routing, you now need to enter details about
routing to network segments connected beyond the remote router.
Ask your network administrator to determine if you need to seed the
routing table and what information is required.

IPX Routes

⇒ To seed the routing table, you will enter IPX Route Addresses in

the IPX Routes window.

This window displays a list of each IPX Network Number with the
corresponding Hops count and number of Ticks.

The IPX routes entered here may be to an internal or external network
number depending upon how the router is being used.

The Hop count is a number greater than 1 representing the number of
routers that must be passed through to reach the network number.

The number of Ticks indicates how much time that the packet takes to
reach the network number in units of roughly 1/18th of a second. This
number must be at least 1.

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55

Note: ISDN lines can incur large delays, especially when dialing long

distance. You can determine the actual delay by performing an IP ping
and dividing the result by 2. A typical value is 50 ms (~3 ticks).

⇒ To add a new entry, click Add, enter the IPX Network Number, Hop

Count, and Ticks in the small window displayed and click OK.
(The Tab key can be used to tab between each item on the entry
window.)

⇒ To delete any entry, click the line containing the entry, click Delete

and click OK on the verification window.

IPX SAPs

If you are configuring IPX Routing, you will also need to enter details
about services that are available on the LAN networks connected beyond
the remote router.

Ask your network administrator to determine if you need to seed the
services table and what information is required. To seed the services
table, click IPX SAPs.

The window displays a list of each Server Name with the corresponding

Server Type, Network #, Node #, and Socket #. The WAN Network
Number is displayed.

⇒ To add a new server entry, click Add.
⇒ Select a server by entering the Server Type, click one of the servers

already defined, or define your own.

⇒ In the following field, enter:

• Server Name (Service Name)

• Network number (The Network # is the 8-character

hexadecimal internal network number associated with the
server)

• Node Number (The Node # is the 12-character hexadecimal

internal node number associated with the server entered in the
format xx-xx-xx-xx-xx-xx)

• Socket number (The Socket # is the 4-character number

representing the service (application) within the server node)

• Click OK.

Note: This information is available from your network

administrator.

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56

⇒ Seed the table with the SAP information of the primary logon server

on the remote network. All other SAPs will be learned automatically.
This entry is used for spoofing.

⇒ You can modify the WAN Network Number by clicking Modify.

Enter the 8-character hexadecimal network number for the WAN
link and click OK.

Note: Only one router needs to define this. The other router will
learn this.

Step 5. General Bridging and Routing Controls

⇒ To set bridging and routing controls and enable an Internet Firewall,

click Bridging/Routing from the main menu.

Note: You should have already entered a remote router into the Remote
Router Database, if you intend to perform outbound bridging.

Outbound Bridging

If you wish the router to perform outbound bridging, you must select a
remote Default Bridging destination to be used on all dial-out
operations.

⇒ Click the down arrow by the Select Remote field to display the list

of routers in the Remote Router Database and select the router to be
used for the remote router default bridging destination.

Be sure to enable bridging in the Remote Router Database for this
remote router.

Note: Inbound/outbound bridging from/to specific remote routers can be
disabled by setting bridging off in the Remote Router Database.

TCP/IP Routing

⇒ Set TCP/IP Routing to On or Off.
The default is TCP/IP Routing Off. If TCP/IP Routing is Off, then the

Internet Firewall is forced inactive.

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57

IPX Routing

⇒ Set IPX Routing to On or Off.
The default is IPX Routing Off.

Internet Firewall

⇒ Set the Internet Firewall to On or Off.
When the Internet Firewall is On, the router performs IP Internet

Firewall filtering to prevent unauthorized access to your system and
network resources from the Internet. This filter discards packets received
from the WAN, which have a source IP address recognized as a local
LAN address.

WAN-to-WAN Forwarding

This option allows the user to manage data forwarding from one WAN
link to another. WAN-to-WAN Forwarding is enabled by default.

You may want to disable this option, if, for example, the router is used at
home to access both a company network and the Internet at the same
time, and it is desirable that company information does not pass to the
Internet.

Step 6. Store the Configuration

After you have followed steps 1-5, you are ready to save the configuration to
FLASH in the router.

⇒ Click Store on the main menu. Click OK again to confirm the store

operation.

Any settings that you have modified will be permanently stored in the router’s
configuration. Any settings you have not modified will be unchanged (or
default if this is your first configuration). If you do not save the configuration
to FLASH, the configuration is lost upon reboot or power down of the router.

You will be prompted to reboot the router (next step).

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58

Step 7. Reboot the Router and PC

After storing the configuration, you will be asked if you wish to reboot the
router.

⇒ Click Yes to confirm. A message window will inform you that router

rebooting is occurring.

⇒ Click Exit to leave Configuration Manager.
If you are using IPX routing, bridging, or DHCP, you may need to also reboot

PC clients so they can locate the new network segment or settings.

Step 8. Verify the Router Configuration

Before you proceed with testing your router configuration, verify your ISDN
settings as follows:

⇒ In Port Monitor, are the two channels in “ standby”?
⇒ If you have a POTS router, do you hear a dial tone when picking up the

phone handset?

Test IP Routing

Test IP Routing over the Local Ethernet LAN

Use the TCP/IP ping command or similar method to contact the
configured target router specifying the Ethernet LAN IP address.

If you cannot contact the router:

• Verify that the IP address and subnet mask are correct

• Check cable connections and pinning

Test IP Routing to a Remote Destination

You can verify IP connectivity to the remote by running a ping command
from a local LAN-connected PC. You will probably find a ping utility
bundled with your TCP/IP stack. In Windows 95 and Microsoft's TCP/IP
32-bit stack for Windows for Workgroups, the command is called
PING.EXE and can be found in your Windows directory.

Note: Before using the ping command to troubleshoot, make sure that
the PWR, LINE, and NT1 lights are green.

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59

Start a DOS Window:

1. Select Start from the Windows 95 taskbar.

2. Select Programs.

3. Select MS-DOS Prompt.

Issue the PING Command:

In the DOS window, type the command:

ping <IP address>

Example: ping 192.168.254.254
When you enter the ping command, the router will dial out to the

remote router using the ISDN line. ISDN Status LED CH1 or CH2
should go on.

If you cannot contact the router using the ping command:

• Run the Port Monitor to check the status of the ISDN channels

(Refer to Port Monitor, page 83).

• If the ISDN link is not in standby mode, verify the target router’s

ISDN configuration, SPIDs and DNs, telephone company
provisioning, associated equipment (NT1, etc.) and cable
connections.

• If the ISDN line is operational, check the remote router’s telephone

numbers and links parameter.

• Check that, if required, you specified valid remote WAN IP address

and local WAN IP addresses.

• Verify the security authentication method and password of the

remote router. Also, the router’s entry must be enabled.

Test Routing from a Remote Destination

Have a remote router contact the target router using a similar method and
verify both ISDN B-channels.

Test TCP/IP Routes

Contact a station, subnetwork or host on the network beyond a remote
router to verify the TCP/IP route addresses entered in the remote router
database.

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Test IPX Routing

Test IPX Routing to a Remote Destination

Check for access to servers on the remote LAN as follows:

• Use the ‘NetWare Connections’ selection provided with NetWare

User Tools under Windows or issue the command ‘pconsole’
under DOS.

• Select the printer server and verify that the server you have defined

is listed. When you attempt to access the server, the router will dial
out to the remote router using the ISDN line.

If you cannot access the remote server:

• Check that the local Ethernet LAN IPX network number is correct.

• Verify that the WAN link network number is the same as the remote

WAN link network number.

• Check cable connections and pinouts.

• Verify that the IPX Routes and IPX SAPs you have specified are

correct.

If you cannot contact the remote router, run the Port Monitor to
check the status of the ISDN channels.

• If the ISDN link is not in standby mode, verify the target router’s

ISDN configuration, SPIDs and DNs, telephone company
provisioning, associated equipment (NT1, etc.) and cable
connections.

• If the ISDN line is operational, check the remote router’s telephone

numbers and link parameters.

• Verify the security authentication method and password of the

remote router.

Step 9. Disconnect from the Router

⇒ You can release the connection between your PC and the target router at

any time by clicking Disconnect on the main menu.

⇒ Click Exit to leave Configuration Manager.

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⇒ If you change any of the router’s configuration settings, be sure to store

the configuration into FLASH memory and reboot the router.

Once you have rebooted the router, you will need to log in again if you wish
to further change the configuration.

Sample Configuration

In this configuration example of a hypothetical network, a small office
(SOHO) will access a central site (HQ) via an ISDN link. The small office
also has access to Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP).

The small office, SOHO, has IP routing enabled to ISP with a Class C
addressing scheme, and to HQ.

Bandwidth-on-Demand is configured for accessing central site HQ.
The default of one line is configured for calling the ISP (though two different

phone numbers are defined for use).
DHCP server’s IP addresses are used. DHCP will be set up to issue DNS

information to the SOHO LAN.
Network Address Translation (NAT) will be enabled to the ISP, since the ISP

assigned SOHO only one IP address.
The following diagram and Network Information Worksheets show

configuration of router SOHO at the small office.

Note: Blank Network Information Worksheets in Appendix C are
available to enter information for your own configuration.

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Sample Network Diagram

Small Office SOHO (Target Router)

Central Site HQ

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63

Sample Network Information Worksheets

TARGET (local) ROUTER: SOHO

Configuration

Section

Item Setting

System Settings

Router Name

SOHO

System Settings

Message

Configured_JULY_1997

System Settings

Authentication Password

Dial Authentication Password

SOHOpasswd

System Settings

DHCP Settings

Use defaults, but add:

DNS Domain Name

DNS Server

WINS Server address

myISP.com

192.168.200.1

172.16.0.2

ISDN Settings

ISDN Switch

ISDN SPID#1

ISDN SPID#2

ISDN Directory Number #1

ISDN Directory Number #2

ISDN Switch Type

0555100001

0555300001

5551000

5553000

NI1

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64

REMOTE ROUTER ENTRY: HQ

Configuration

Section

Item Setting

Remote Routers

Dial Settings

ISDN Phone #1 (11 digits)
ISDN Phone #2 (11 digits)

Inactivity Timeout
Maximum Links
Minimum Links
Utilization Threshold
Bandwidth Direction

18005552000
18005554000

60
2
0
75
Input and Output

Remote Routers

Security

Minimum Authentication

Disable Authentication

Remote Router’s
Password/Secret

None

Yes

Hqpasswd

Remote Routers

Bridging

Bridging On/Off
Spanning Tree Protocol

On
Off

Remote Routers

TCP/IP Route
Addresses

Remote Network’s IP
Addresses, Subnet Masks,
and Metrics

Address Translation

In Advanced:

Source WAN IP Address
and Subnet Mask*

Remote WAN IP Address
and Subnet Mask*

172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 1

Disabled

Not required

Not required

* Used only in PPP numbered mode of addressing

Note: One chart for each remote router in the Remote Router Database

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65

REMOTE ROUTER : ISP

Configuration

Section

Item Setting

Remote Routers

Dial Settings

ISDN Phone #1 (11 digits)

ISDN Phone #2 (11 digits)

Inactivity Timeout

Maximum Links

Minimum Links

Utilization Threshold

Bandwidth Direction

18005551115

18005551116

Default (60 seconds)

Default (1)

Default (0)

Default (0)

In and Out

Remote Routers

Security

Minimum Authentication

Disable Authentication

Remote Router’s Password

None

Yes

ISPpasswd

Remote Routers

Bridging

Bridging On/Off

Spanning Tree Protocol

Bridging Off

Off

Remote Routers

TCP/IP Route
Addresses

Remote Network’s IP
Addresses, Subnet Masks, and
Metrics

Address Translation

In Advanced:
Source WAN IP Address and
Subnet Mask*

Remote WAN IP Address and
Subnet Mask*

0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 1

Enabled

Not required

Not required

* Used only in PPP numbered mode of addressing

Note: One chart for each remote router in the remote router database

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BRIDGING AND ROUTING CONTROLS

Configuration

Section

Item Setting

Bridging / Routing

Default Remote for all dial outs

TCP/IP Routing On/Off

IPX Routing On/Off

Internet Firewall On/Off

HQ

On

On

On

Names and Passwords Example

In the sample configuration provided, the small office SOHO communicates
with the central site HQ and the Internet Service Provider ISP.

System Passwords

SOHO has a system password ‘SOHOpasswd’. This password is used
when SOHO dials out to site HQ for authentication by that site, and at
any time when HQ challenges SOHO.

HQ has a system password ‘HQpasswd’ which is, likewise, used when
HQ dials out to site SOHO for authentication by SOHO, and at any time
SOHO challenges HQ.

ISP has a system password ‘ISPpasswd’ used for the same purpose.

Remote Passwords

Each router has a remote router’s password for each remote router
defined in its Remote Router Database. The router will use the remote
password to authenticate the remote site when the remote router dials in
or is challenged by the local site.

For example, SOHO has remote router entries for HQ and ISP, and
defined in each entry are the respective remote router’s password.

The following table shows the names and passwords for each router that
must be defined for authentication to be performed correctly. (This
assumes that all three systems use some form of authentication protocol.)

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67

Note: If you have trouble with passwords, we recommend that you set the

remote router security to “disable authentication” to simplify the
process.

Names & passwords

configured in

SOHO Router

Names & passwords

configured in

HQ Router

Names & passwords

configured in

ISP Router

System
Name

SOHO HQ ISP

System

Password

SOHOpasswd HQpasswd ISPpasswd

Remote
Router

Database

HQpasswd
ISPpasswd

SOHOpasswd SOHOpasswd

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Chapter 5. Configuring Advanced Features

The features described in this chapter are advanced topics. They are primarily
intended for experienced users and network administrators to perform
network management and more complex configurations.

These following features are accessed and configured from Configuration
Manager:

• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

• Network Address Translation (NAT)

• IP Routing Controls (RIP)

• CallerID

• ISDN Dial-Back

• Telephone’s Analog Settings

• Lock the ISDN line speed at 56 Kb/s

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

The router supports DHCP, and acts as a DHCP server itself, allowing hosts
(PCs, etc.) to acquire initialization parameters (IP addresses, masks, domain
names, etc.) automatically. These initialization parameters are collectively
called the lease and are valid for a certain amount of time (usually one week).
When a lease expires, a new one is acquired. For this to happen, your PC has
to be configured to use DHCP.

PC Configuration

DHCP has to be enabled on your PC. The following instructions still assume a
Windows 95 environment.

1. Follow the instructions in Chapter 1 (Hardware Installation) for

connecting your network cables (single station configuration or hub
configuration).

2. Power the router on.

3. On your PC desktop, click the Start button. Select Settings. Click

Control Panel. Select Network.

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69

4. If the TCP/IP stack is installed on your PC (it will be listed under

Configuration), proceed to step 5.
Note: If you do not have a TCP/IP stack installed on your computer,

follow these instructions:

a) In Configuration, click Add.
b) In Select Network Component Type, click Protocol and click Add.
c) In Select Network Protocols, under Manufacturers, click

Microsoft.

d) In the same Network Protocols window, click TCP/IP, and click

OK.

5. Under Configuration, double-click TCP/IP. Select Obtain an IP
address automatically.

Note: If you are connecting to a Windows NT server:

1. Click the Wins Configuration tab.

2. Click Use DHCP for WINS Resolution.

3. Click OK.

6. Click the DNS Configuration tab and select Disable DNS. Click OK.

7. You are now back in the Network window. Select the Identification tab.

Enter a computer name, a workgroup name, and computer description

if you wish. Click OK.

8. Files are now being copied.
A “Setting Changes” message will ask you if you wish to restart your

computer. Answer Yes.
The PC has finished rebooting. It can now acquire its own IP address

from the router using DHCP.

9. You now need to run Configuration Manager to enter the DNS and a
domain name into the router. On the next boot, the PC will learn the DNS
and Domain Name from the router.

Router Configuration

The following configuration instructions are intended for users who are
primarily configuring their router for Internet access.

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DHCP Settings

The router is preconfigured with a preset IP address pool and a gateway
(192.168.254.254). Before becoming active, the router’s DHCP server
attempts to locate other active DHCP servers on the network such as
Windows NT servers. If one is detected, the router’s DHCP server
disables itself.

This picture shows a DHCP sample configuration.

The DHCP Server Settings screen allows users to:

• Change the IP Address Pool if needed

• Configure DNS information specifically for Internet access

• Configure the WINS Servers settings if working with Windows NT
⇒ To access the DHCP Server Settings screen, click System Settings

and DHCP Settings.

DHCP IP Address Pool

The existing IP Address Pool settings can be changed if you need to
modify/increase the range of your address pool.

If you change your router’s IP address, the router’s DHCP server will
automatically provide a new IP address pool for the new subnet if the
preceding subnet was enabled.

DNS Configuration

If you intend to primarily configure your router for Internet access, you
need to enter DNS information provided by your Internet Service
Provider.

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71

WINS Servers

If you work with Windows NT, you should enter your WINS Servers’ IP
addresses in the WINS Servers fields.

DHCP server is enabled

The router's built-in DHCP server might disable itself if another DHCP
server (like a Windows NT server) is found on your local LAN, or if you
manually disable it. If the DHCP server is disabled, all the other fields
are greyed out.

Storing and Rebooting

Changing or entering new DHCP settings requires a Store in the router
and a Reboot of the PC. This step is necessary so that the PC can acquire
its initialization parameters from the router.

Note: Windows 95 users can easily acquire an IP address without
restarting the PC using the Winipcfg utility as follows:

1. Click the Start button located on your PC desktop screen.

2. Click Run. Enter WINIPCFG.

3. Click Release to clear your current IP address and Renew to acquire

new IP parameters. The new settings will be displayed.

4. Click OK.

Disabling DHCP

⇒ To disable DHCP, click the Start button on your PC desktop,

Settings, Control Panel, and Network.

⇒ In Network, under the Configuration tab, double-click TCP/IP.
⇒ Select IP Address tab.
⇒ Select Specify an IP Address. Enter your PC’s IP address and its

subnetmask. Click OK.

⇒ Select the DNS Configuration tab.
Select Enable DNS. Enter the DNS information (check with your

Network Administrator). Click OK. Click OK again.

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Network Address Translation (NAT)

NAT is an IP address conversion feature that translates a PC’s local (internal)
address into a temporary global (outside/Internet) IP address.

NAT is needed when a PC (or several PCs) on a Local Area Network wants to
connect to the outside Internet to get to a remote network: NAT swaps the
local IP address to a global IP address. Our version of NAT goes one step
further by allowing several PCs to share one single IP address to the Internet,
thus reducing connection costs. In effect, it allows a whole LAN to connect to
the Internet as a Single User.

Enable NAT

Important: Make sure that IP routing is enabled.

⇒ From the Configuration Manager’s main menu, click Remote Routers

and then TCP/IP Route Addresses.

⇒ In the TCP/IP Routes window, check the Enable Address Translation

box.

Source and Remote WAN Port Address

This information is required if you are running NAT and the remote router
does not dynamically assign the local/target router WAN Port Address. This
address corresponds to the global IP address and is obtained from your
Network Service Provider.

Most users do not need them as the router can automatically handle the
numbered and unnumbered modes of IP address negotiation.

⇒ In the TCP/IP Routes window, click Advanced.
⇒ In the Source WAN Port Address window, enter the IP Address and its

corresponding Subnet Mask and click OK.

Note: For information on WAN RIP settings, refer to the next topic, Routing

Information Protocol.

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73

Routing Information Protocols (RIP)

You can configure the router to send and receive RIP (Routing Information
Protocol) packet information to and from, respectively, the remote router.

RIP is a protocol used by some routers to exchange IP routing information so
that the local site will ‘learn’ all about the routes beyond the remote router
and the remote router will ‘learn’ all about the local site’s routes.

Note 1: You may not want this to occur in some cases. For example, if you
are connecting to a site outside of your company such as the Internet, you may
want to keep knowledge about your local site’s routes private.

Note 2: With NAT (Network Address Translation) enabled, the local router
cannot send RIP packets to the remote WAN link, but can, however, receive
RIP packets from the remote site.

Default: The default is to restrict sending or receiving IP RIP packets or
default routes. If RIP packets are not allowed to flow on the WAN link, you
must seed the routing table. You can also advertise the remote site’s
existence. The default is to keep the remote site’s existence private.

RIP Options

RIP-1 Compatible

In RIP-1 Compatible mode, the router can broadcast RIP-1 packets and
multicast RIP-2 packets. It can also receive and interpret RIP-1 and RIP­2 packets.

RIP-1

It is used when exchanging RIP packets when communicating with older
routers that don’t have RIP-2. RIP-1 has the following two deficiencies:
Since it uses broadcast for sending packets, every device on the LAN
must receive and inspect every packet.

RIP-1 has no way of communicating a subnet mask. This deficiency can
lead to misinterpretation of IP networks by the router receiving the RIP-1
packets.

RIP-2

RIP-2 lets the routers exchange subnet mask information in the packets.

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74

Since it uses multicast addresses, only devices supporting RIP-2 will
listen to RIP-2 packets.

Note: If your network does not support RIP, then use the RIP OFF option
to turn it off.

Enable RIP Options

It is advisable to only turn RIP options ON when instructed to do so by your
network administrator. Make sure that IP routing is enabled by clicking IP

and IPX Routing from the main menu.
Note: RIP options do not apply to Bridging.

Turn on LAN RIP Settings

RIP-1 Compatible is enabled by default. To enable another RIP option:

⇒ From the Configuration Manager’s main menu, click System

Settings and then Ethernet IP Address. Your current IP Address

and Subnet Mask are displayed.

⇒ Select the appropriate RIP options under LAN RIP Settings.

Turn on WAN Settings

RIP is disabled by default. To enable another RIP option:
⇒ From the Configuration Manager’s main menu, click

RemoteRouters. Select your remote router.

⇒ Click TCP/IP Route Addresses. In the TCP/IP Route Addresses

window, click Advanced.

⇒ Select the appropriate RIP options under WAN RIP Settings.

Caller ID Security

Caller ID is an additional security feature on data calls supported by the
router. It allows you to verify phone numbers of the remote routers when calls
come in to the local router. You configure the phone numbers from which a
specific remote router can call and enable or disable this feature systemwide.
Any calls from other numbers will be rejected.

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75

Note 1: Caller ID service (for the local router phone line) must first be

obtained from the ISDN provider. 7 or 10 digits may be presented by switch.
Note 2: The configured phone numbers must contain the actual digits

presented by the central office switch.

Enable Caller ID Security

⇒ To enable Caller ID Security systemwide, click ISDN Settings and check

the box Enable ISDN Caller ID Security.

⇒ To specify unique numbers for the remote router, click Remote Routers

and then Dial Settings. Check the appropriate radio button in the Dial-
Back box.

⇒ Click Dial-back Numbers to add or delete remote routers’ numbers.
⇒ Click Store to save the system settings and remote router database

configuration.

⇒ Then test Caller ID: If the call is rejected by the local router, check the

message displayed on the console message window in the Port Monitor or
use the system history command for the actual digits received and
reconfigure with the correct number.

ISDN Dial-Back

Dial-Back forces the local router to reject an incoming call from the remote
router and to dial the remote router back. This feature is used to cause ISDN
phone charge billing to the local router.

Dial-Back can be enabled, disabled, or enabled to only occur when the remote
router calls first. When Dial-Back is configured, the local router’s call delay
timer setting must allow for disconnect and dial back; the defaults are 30
seconds for the U.S., and 90 seconds for Europe and Japan.

Dial-Back prerequisites

In order for ISDN Dial-Back to work, the following features have to be
enabled:

• Caller ID must be provided by the ISDN provider for the line receiving

the call (local router)

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76

• The dial settings of the remote router need to be configured in the remote

database of the local router.

• The remote router’s phone number is entered in the remote database of

the local router.

Configure Dial-Back

⇒ From Configuration Manager’s main menu, click Remote Routers and

then Dial Settings.

⇒ To add Dial-Back to a remote router, click Dial-Back Numbers in the

Dial-Back box. In the new window, you may add or delete numbers.

⇒ You may now select one of the three Dial-Back options:

• Call this remote or dial it back

This option lets the local router dial the remote router back or place
a normal call to the remote router; in both instances, the local router
will incur the charges.

Note: This option requires Caller ID. It also requires that the ISDN
network present the telephone number of the local router to the
remote number. In certain areas, you may need to subscribe to this
ISDN option with your ISDN provider.

• Call only to perform Dial-Back

The local router can only dial back the remote router (right after the
remote router has placed a call in). The local router cannot generate
the phone call. The local router will incur the phone charges.

• Never dial back this remote

This option disables Dial-Back: it is a normal situation where the
router initiating the call, either the remote or local router, is
responsible for the charges.

⇒ Click OK to enable your choice.

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77

Analog Phone Settings

The following describes how to change the default settings of a POTS router
(a router to which you may attach analog devices such as a telephone or a fax
machine) for Analog Mode, Call Preemption, and Automatic Preemption.

Default phone numbers

The interfaces are preconfigured with the following default settings:

• If your ISDN settings are configured with two DNs (Directory Numbers),

DN1 will be associated with POTS interface 1 and DN2 will be
associated with POTS interface 2.

• Otherwise, the default configuration is for an incoming call to ring on all

available devices attached to the POTS interfaces. An outgoing call will
use any available B-channel.

Note: This default setting can be changed using the Command Line Interface
but not Configuration Manager. Refer to Appendix D for instructions to
access the Command Line Interface.

Phone usage and data preemption

Call preemption allows you to give voice calls priority over data calls: a voice
call (depending on the configuration options) will cause a disconnect of a data
call on an ISDN B-channel.

Default: The default configuration is for both incoming and outgoing voice
calls to preempt data (Always option).

Data calls can be preempted manually or automatically. In manual
preemption, data calls can be bumped manually by picking up the phone and
depressing the flash hook to indicate that you want to preempt.

POTS line controls

Phone lines and data preemption can be controlled as explained in the
following table:

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78

Mode

Dial

Answer

Both

This router can call out, but will not receive a call.

This router can receive a call but cannot dial.

This router can call out and receive a call.

Voice Preempts

Data

Always

Incoming

Outgoing

Never

If this router places or receives a call: voice always
preempts data.

If this router receives a call: voice preempts data.

If this router calls out: voice preempts data.

Voice will not preempt data.

Automatic

Preemption

Assumes that data
preemption is enabled
(in Voice Preempts

Data)

Always

Incoming

Outgoing

Never

Automatic preemption applies for both outgoing and
incoming calls

Automatic preemption applies for incoming calls
Manual preemption applies for outgoing calls

Automatic preemption applies for outgoing calls
Manual preemption applies for incoming calls

Manual preemption applies for outgoing and incoming
calls

Preemption Rules

• Voice calls always preempt data.

• Voice always preempts data if two B-channels are used for the same

destination.

• Call preemption does not occur on incoming calls unless a person

picks up the phone or the analog equipment answers the call.

• An incoming voice call may not always be forwarded from the

central office if two B-channels are already in use for data calls.
You must subscribe to a service called “Additional Call Offering” for
the voice call to be forwarded to the router.

Configure Analog Phones Settings

Set POTS Interface Analog Mode

⇒ In ISDN Settings, click Analog Phones. In the Analog Phones

Setting window, you may select one of these three options:

• Dial

• Answer

• Both (Answer and Dial are the default)

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79

Voice Preempts Data

⇒ In ISDN Settings, click Analog Phones. In the Analog Phones

Setting window, choose one data preemption option for each line:

• Always

• Incoming Calls

• Outgoing Calls

• Never

Automatic Preemption

⇒ In ISDN Settings, click Analog Phones. In Analog Phones Setting,

you can select one of the following Automatic Preemption options:

• Always

• Incoming Calls

• Outgoing Calls

• Never

Note: To activate Automatic Preemption, Data Preemption has been
already enabled.

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Save and Test POTS configuration

⇒ Save the POTS configuration by clicking OK in the Analog Phones

Setting window; then click Store in the main menu.

⇒ To test the POTS configuration, use the attached analog phone to dial

out to a remote phone number and call attached analog devices from
another phone.

Warning: If you do not save the configuration to FLASH, the
configuration is lost upon reboot or power down of the router.

Lock Line Speed at 56Kb/s

This feature should only be used when a network operating at 56,000 bits per
second actually signals calls at 64,000 bits per second. This feature forces all
calls to 56,000 bits per second with rate adaptation.

⇒ To lock the ISDN line at 56,000 bits per second, click ISDN Settings

from Configuration Manager’s main menu.

⇒ Click ISDN Switch.
⇒ Put a check mark in the Line speed locked at 56Kb/s box to enable this

option.

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81

Chapter 6. Management Tools

This chapter describes tools designed to simplify file system management,
software maintenance, and data traffic monitoring. These tools comprise:

• Terminal Window

• Port Monitor

• Upgrade/Backup

• Reboot from Network

• SNMP Options

⇒ To access these tools, click Tools from the main menu in Configuration

Manager.

Terminal Window

The Terminal Window lets you access the Command Line Interface (CLI)
through Configuration Manager.

Note: The CLI can also be accessed from a terminal emulation session
running under Windows, from an ASCII terminal, or through a TELNET
session for remote access.

How to access the Terminal Window

In order to access the Terminal Window, your PC or ASCII terminal must be
connected to the Console port. All necessary information regarding accessing
the CLI through Configuration Manager or through other modes of access is
explained in details in Appendix D, Accessing the Command Line Interface
(CLI), page 119.

To open a Terminal Window session, click Tools from the Main menu and
then Terminal Window.

Menu Selections

The Commands menu provides shortcuts to most of the commands described
in the Command Line Interface. These shortcuts will substantially reduce the
amount of typing. Click the commands that you need to enter them in the
Window.

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82

The File menu lets you open a Log File where all messages printed by the
router on its console and all input performed directly at the console are
recorded.

The CommPort menu allows the user to adjust the router’s communication
settings.

How to change the router’s IP address using
the Terminal Window

The user may wish to change the default IP address of 192.168.254.254 to a
different address. This can be simply done using the Terminal Window to
access the Command Line Interface.

The router’s address is changed to be in the same IP subnetwork as the PC.
However, the PC’s address remains the same.

Instructions

1. The console (serial) cable allows you to access the Command Line

Interface via Configuration Manager. Refer to Appendix D,
Accessing the Command Line Interface, page 119 for installation
and cable instructions.

2. Click the menu button Tools and then select Terminal Window to

change the router’s address.

3. Verify that the communication settings are set as shown in the

picture below, and that the correct comport is selected.

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83

4. In the terminal window, enter the following commands to set, save,
and verify the router’s LAN address and enable IP routing:

login admin (admin is the default password)
eth ip addr x.x.x.x y.y.y.y

where:

x.x.x.x (IP address)
y.y.y.y (subnet mask for the router’s LAN connection)

Ex: 192.168.254.254 255.255.255.0
Note: Please refer to Appendix B, Subnetwork Tables, or ask your

network administrator to determine which addresses are valid.

eth list

(This command lists the settings for the Ethernet LAN IP address and
subnet mask as well as the port number)

save
reboot

5. Close the terminal window.

6. Click the Connect button in Configuration Manager.

7. Enter the same IP address you just assigned to the router.

8. Verify that you have set the router’s LAN connection address and subnet
mask correctly.

WAN Port Monitor

An ISDN port monitoring function is available to you, once you have
connected to the router. If you use a router with POTS features, a POTS
Monitor can also be displayed along with the ISDN Port Monitor.

Access WAN Port Monitor

Access from Configuration Manager

⇒ Connect to the router.
⇒ From Configuration Manager’s main menu, click Tools.
⇒ Click WAN Port Monitor. The ISDN Monitor will be displayed.

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Access from outside Configuration Manager

Port Monitor is also a stand-alone application that can be launched
outside of Configuration Manager as follows:

⇒ On your PC, click the Start button located on your desktop.
⇒ Click Programs, Cabletron ISDN Tools, and then click WAN Port

Monitor.

Port Monitor Features

Message field

The ISDN Monitor window has a message field that displays the most
current status message or error message read from the router.

Multiple monitor windows

Several ISDN monitor windows can be opened at the same time (by
entering different IP addresses) to let you monitor different routers. You
can also monitor routers, which do not reside on your LAN.

Display

When an ISDN B-channel is connected, the inbound and outbound
bandwidth utilization of the channel is displayed. A vertical bar across
the channel shows the average utilization (0-100%) and the bar length
shows an instantaneous sample. The remote router name is also
displayed.

The status indicator will let you know if the ISDN B-channels are out of
service, in standby, ready, dialing, connected, closing, or accepting an
incoming call.

⇒ Monitoring is continued until you click Stop or Close.

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85

Physical layer

This light shows the status of the physical connection to the router.
Green light: the line is functioning correctly.
Red light: the circuit is either open or non-functional. Check your phone

wiring and call your Network Service provider if you can not get a green
light. This status correlates to the NT1 light on the router.

Hangup

To cause an ISDN channel to drop a data call, click the associated
Hangup button. This feature is only available when there is a data call
established to a remote router

Note that you can also prevent any future incoming or outgoing data call
from being accepted or generated by clicking the corresponding check
box.

Enable incoming and outgoing data calls

You have the option to allow or disable outgoing data calls or incoming
data calls by checking the appropriate box. This feature is most useful
for models equipped with analog telephony features as you may want to
receive and place analog calls without incurring the risk of lengthy phone
calls for data (because you are allowing calls to an outbound bridge, for
instance).

Options

The Options menu allows the user to select the IP address or the
monitoring frequency. It also provides a POTS monitor to look at the
analog port activity or quit the application. The following describes the
different available options:

Select Router

This option allows you to specify the IP address of the router you want to
monitor. This setting is preserved in the file ROUTER.INI. When Port
Monitor is started from Configuration Manager or Quick Start, the IP
address of the router to monitor is the same as the one currently used by
Configuration Manager.

Set Refresh Rate

This option lets you change the update frequency of the Port Monitor and
POTS monitor windows.

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86

By default, all information is refreshed once a second. If this causes
strain on your network or you are presently monitoring a router across
the WAN, which requires too much bandwidth usage to perform this
function, you may want to increase the refresh rate, expressed in seconds.

Set Number of Display Lines

This option allows you to specify the number of lines of information that
are shown in the Message area of the main Port Monitor window.
However, you can obtain a more complete list of the messages generated
by the router by using the Log window.
This setting is preserved in the file ROUTER.INI. Acceptable values are
between 1 and 3. The default value for this setting is 1.

Set Display Clear Rate

This option allows you to specify how long, in seconds, the messages
shown in the Message area of the Port Monitor main window are kept
visible. After that time has elapsed (or whenever the monitoring is
stopped), old messages are automatically erased to avoid confusion.
You may, however, prefer to always be able to see the latest information
generated by the router: To do so, set this parameter to a large number
(3600 for one hour, for example).

View POTS

The POTS Monitor is integrated into the Port Monitor, but is only
available with ISDN routers that support analog telephony features. It
monitors the state of the two analog lines supported by the router and
displays information for each one, including phone numbers for
incoming and outgoing calls, and duration of calls.

Important: Incoming phone numbers can only be displayed if you have
subscribed to the optional Caller ID service.

SNMP Options

For security reasons you may want to change the router's SNMP
community name and UDP port number. By default the port number is
161 and the community name is the string "public".
For more information, refer to the SNMP Options section, page 90.

Exit

This selection terminates the monitoring and exits the Port Monitor
application. The Close button of the main window has the same function.
The next time you start the monitoring from its Program Manager group
(or its Windows 95 Start Menu location), the same router will be
monitored again.