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CHANGES TO MEMCAL/PROM LABELING FORMATS
^ MEMCALs may use either INK-JET or ADHESIVE labels, as shown.
^
PROMs will always use ADHESIVE labels with the same format as shown for MEMCALs. These changes will become effective on partsmanufactured after 10/94.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Application and ID > Expanded Footnotes > Page 5835
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Application and IDReading Technical Service Bulletins
Always read any Technical Service Bulletins (TSB's) referenced before replacing a PROM.
Service bulletins list parts that must be installed when a PROM is changed, and provide information on trouble codes, troubleshooting and driveabilityproblems for which the PROM was released.
To find applicable TSB's:
Complete TSB Listing
"Vehicle"
TSB ICON.
"All Technical Service Bulletins by Number, Date, and Title". "Sort by Number", "Sort by Date",
1. Hold down right mouse button and select in the "Pull Right Menu".2. Select the 3. Select 4. Select or 5. Scroll up or down to find the desired TSB."Sort by Title".
PROM TSB Listing Only
"Technical Service Bulletins"
1. Hold down right mouse button and select in the "Pull Right Menu".2. Select 3. Select or 4. Scroll up or down to find the desired TSB."Sort by Title".
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > CALPAK
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Description and OperationCALPAK
CAUTION:
If the computer is found to be defective and needs replacement, remove the old CALPAK and PROM, then place both into the replacementcomputer. When replacing the COMPUTER always transfer the BROADCAST CODE and PRODUCTION ECM/PCM NUMBER to the servicelabel on the replacement computer.
DESCRIPTION:
The resistor network calibration called a CALPAK is located inside the computer. Its appearance and service is similar to the PROM. TheCALPAK allows fuel to be delivered if other parts of the computer fail. The CALPAK provides the computer with calibrations for:
^ Cold Start Cranking.
^ Limp home fuel (fuel backup mode).
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > CALPAK > Page 5838
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Description and OperationEEPROM
CAUTION:
The EEPROM is soldered to the COMPUTER and cannot be serviced separately. Reprogramming of EEPROM information is necessary whenreplacing a COMPUTER, or when changing the engine and/or transaxle calibrations. Failure to do this will cause the vehicle to have a no start orpoor running condition.
It is essential that a replacement COMPUTER be reprogrammed with the correct VIN, option content, tire size, and calibration information.Reprogramming of the EEPROM is only possible with the Service Stall System (SSS) hardware available at authorized dealer locations. Checkwith a dealer before performing COMPUTER replacement or EEPROM reprogramming.
DESCRIPTION:
The term EEPROM is defined as Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) in the COMPUTER. The EEPROMstores vehicle information such as engine and transaxle calibrations, vehicle identification number, programmable vehicle option content andMALF history. Vehicle information stored on the EEPROM has a major effect on how the vehicle will operate.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > CALPAK > Page 5839
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Description and OperationEPROM
CAUTION:
The EPROM is serviceable in some applications and can be removed for replacement. If the COMPUTER is found to be defective and needsreplacement, remove the old EPROM if applicable and place into the new computer. When replacing the COMPUTER always transfer theBROADCAST CODE and PRODUCTION ECM/PCM NUMBER to the service label on the replacement computer.
DESCRIPTION:
The term EPROM means Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM). The EPROM functions in the same manner as a regular PROMand is programmed with data pertaining to the vehicles weight, engine, transmission, axle ratio etc. Automotive technicians do not ERASE orPROGRAM the EPROM in the field. Instead, the EPROM is serviced in one of two manners. Some applications are soldered to the circuit boardand require both the computer and EPROM to be replaced as a complete unit. Other applications allow for the EPROM only to replaced.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > CALPAK > Page 5840
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Description and OperationMEMCAL
CAUTION:
If the COMPUTER is found to be defective and needs replacement, remove the old MEMCAL and place it into the replacement computer. Whenreplacing the COMPUTER always transfer the BROADCAST CODE and PRODUCTION ECM/PCM NUMBER to the service label on thereplacement computer.
DESCRIPTION:
The MEMCAL assembly contains both the functions of the PROM and the CALPAK. Like the PROM, it contains the calibrations needed for aspecific vehicle. It also is the fuel back up control for the computer should it become damaged or faulty.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > CALPAK > Page 5841
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Description and OperationPROM
CAUTION:
If the computer is found to be defective and needs replacement, remove the old PROM and place it into the replacement computer. Some ECM'sare equipped with another chip called a CALPAK. If the computer is equipped with a CALPAK chip, it will be located next to the PROM andmust be transferred along with the PROM. When replacing the computer always transfer the BROADCAST CODE and PRODUCTIONECM/PCM NUMBER to the service label on the replacement computer.
DESCRIPTION:
To allow one type of computer to be used for many different vehicles, a device called a Programable Read Only Memory (PROM) unit is used.The PROM is located inside the computer and has system calibration information based upon the vehicle's axle ratio, engine, transmission, weight,and other specific configurations of the vehicle.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Description and Operation > Page 5842
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Testing and Inspection
Some control modules may have problems due to cracked solder joints on the circuit board. These internal control module problems can cause thefollowing symptoms:
^ Failure to start or vehicle is stalling.
^
The "CHECK ENGINE" "SERVICE ENGINE SOON" or "MALFUNCTION INDICATOR" light will flash or light up, but no trouble codeswill be present.
^ Vehicle instrument panel displays may be inoperative.
^ The control module may or may not communicate with the scanner.
^ Other intermittent driveability problems.
Incorrect PROM or MEMCAL removal and replacement can create solder joint problems or aggravate an existing condition. See PROM orMEMCAL INSTALLATION for proper procedures.
If a solder joint problem results in a "hard" failure, normal test procedures will usually pinpoint a faulty control module. Many symptoms causedby poor solder joints in the control module result in intermittent problems, but they may be hard to duplicate during troubleshooting. Controlmodules with solder joint problems are sensitive to heat and vibration. You can check for these internal control module problems in either, or both,of the following ways:
^
Remove the control module from its mounting bracket and extend it on the harness so that you can expose it to the vehicle heater ducts.Alternatively, use the flexible duct to route air from the heater to the control module location. Then run the engine and operate the heater at the"MAX HEAT" position. This exposes the control module to approximately 140F.
^ With the engine running, tap on the control module several times with your hand or finger tips to simulate vehicle vibration.
If the engine stumbles or stalls, the "CHECK ENGINE" "SERVICE ENGINE SOON" or "MALFUNCTION INDICATOR" light flashes, or anyof the previous symptoms occur, the control module may have bad solder joints on the circuit board.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Service and Repair > CALPAK
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Service and RepairCALPAK
1. Remove ECM from vehicle.
2. Remove ECM access cover.
3. Remove Calibration Pack (CALPAK) using removal tool shown. Grasp the CALPAK carrier on the narrow ends only. Gently rock the carrier from
end to end while applying a firm upward force.
4. Inspect the reference end of the CALPAK carrier and carefully set aside. Do not remove the CALPAK from the carrier to confirm CALPAK
CAUTION:
ANY TIME THE CALPAK IS INSTALLED BACKWARDS AND THE IGNITION SWITCH IS TURNED ON, THE CALPAK ISDESTROYED.
5. Install the CALPACK by pressing on the CALPAK carrier until it is firmly seated in the socket. Do not press on the CALPAK, only the carrier.
6. Install ECM access cover.
7. Install ECM and perform a DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK to confirm proper installation.
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correctness. The notch in the CALPAK is referenced to the small notch in the carrier. The small notch of the carrier must be aligned with the smallnotch in the socket.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Service and Repair > CALPAK > Page 5845
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Service and RepairEEPROM
CAUTION:
The Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) is a permanent memory that is physically soldered to the circuit boards within thecomputer. It is not serviceable and should not be removed for replacement. If COMPUTER replacement is performed, reprogramming of theEEPROM will be necessary. Failure to do this will cause the vehicle to have a no start or poor running condition. Reprogramming of theEEPROM is only possible with the Service Stall System (SSS) hardware available at authorized dealer locations. Check with a dealer beforeperforming COMPUTER replacement or EEPROM reprogramming.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Service and Repair > CALPAK > Page 5846
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Service and RepairEPROM
REMOVAL:
^ DO NOT remove an EPROM from its packing material until you are ready to install it. DO NOT hold an EPROM by its pins.
^
Before entering a vehicle to remove or replace an EPROM, touch an exposed metal part of the vehicle to discharge any static charge from yourbody or use anti-static wrist straps. Avoid sliding across upholstery or carpeting when removing or installing an EPROM. If this is notpossible, touch an exposed metal part of the vehicle with your free hand before removing or replacing an EPROM.
^
When available, use an antistatic grounding strap attached to your wrist and clipped to a metal part of the vehicle body to prevent staticcharges from accumulating. Antistatic conductive floormats are also available.
^ It may be desirable to remove the computer for EPROM replacement.
^ Remove computer access cover.
^ Unlock the locking levers by pressing outward toward the sides of the EPROM.
^ Remove EPROM from its socket
INSTALLATION:
EPROM/MEM-CAL Unit Installation
^ Install the replacement EPROM in the same direction.
^ VERY GENTLY PRESS down on the ends of the EPROM until the locking levers are rotated toward the sides of the EPROM.
^
NOTE
: To avoid Computer damage, do not press on the ends of the EPROM until the levers snap into place. Do not use any vertical forcebeyond the minimum required to engage the EPROM into its socket.
^
While continuing light pressure on the ends of the EPROM, use your index fingers to press the locking levers inward until they are snappedinto place. Listen for the click.
^ Install the access cover on the computer.
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^ Perform FUNCTIONAL CHECK
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Service and Repair > CALPAK > Page 5847
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Service and RepairMEMCAL
CONDITION:
When installing a service replacement computer, the use of incorrect MEMCAL installation procedures may cause the computer to fail before itcan be installed in the vehicle. This condition may appear as if the computer were defective when shipped to the dealership, when in fact it wasdamaged while being installed. In addition this condition may also occur when installing an updated MEMCAL into the vehicles originalequipment computer.
CAUSE:
Excessive vertical force may be applied to the MEMCAL resulting in flexing of the circuit board and damage to the connections between thecircuit board and attached components. Excessive vertical force may be generated in two ways.
^ Incorrect MEMCAL installation procedures.
^ Interference between MEMCAL and cover.
:IMPORTANT CORRECTION
This procedure supersedes any instructions regarding MEMCAL installation dated prior to September 1990.
1. Inspect the MEMCAL to determine if a cork spacer is glued to the top side of the MEMCAL assembly. If so, remove it prior to installation.
2. Align small notches with matching notches in Computer MEMCAL socket.
3. VERY GENTLY PRESS down on the ends of the MEMCAL until the locking levers are rotated toward the sides of the MEMCAL.
NOTE
: To avoid computer damage, do not press on the ends of the MEMCAL until the levers snap into place. Do not use any vertical forcebeyond the minimum required to engage the MEMCAL into its socket.
4. While continuing light pressure on the ends of the MEMCAL, use your index fingers to press the locking levers inward until they are snapped into
place. Listen for the click.
5. Install MEMCAL cover and install computer cover.
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> Powertrain Management > PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory > Component Information > Service and Repair > CALPAK > Page 5848
PROM - Programmable Read Only Memory: Service and RepairPROM
1. Remove ECM from vehicle.
2. Remove ECM access cover.
PROM Removal
3. Remove PROM using the rocker-type PROM removal tool shown. Engage one end of the PROM carrier with the hook end of the tool. Press on
the vertical bar end of the tool and rock the engaged end of the PROM carrier up as far as possible. Engage the opposite end of the PROM carrierin the same manner and rock this end up as far as possible. Repeat this process until the PROM carrier and PROM are free of the PROM socket.The PROM carrier with the PROM in it should lift off of the PROM socket easily.
4. Inspect the reference end of the PROM carrier and carefully set aside. Do not remove the PROM from the carrier to confirm PROM correctness.
The notch in the PROM is referenced to the small notch in the carrier. The small notch of the carrier must be aligned with the small notch in thesocket.
ANY TIME THE PROM IS INSTALLED BACKWARDS AND THE IGNITION SWITCH IS TURNED ON, THE PROM IS DESTROYED.CAUTION:
5. Install PROM by pressing on the PROM carrier until it is firmly seated in the socket. Do not press on the PROM, only the carrier.
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6. Install ECM access cover.
7. Install ECM and perform a DIAGNOSTIC CIRCUIT CHECK to confirm proper installation.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information >
Locations > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS)
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): LocationsPressure Control Solenoid (PCS)
Pressure Control Solenoid
The pressure control solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information >
Locations > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) > Page 5856
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): LocationsTransmission Range (TR) Pressure Switch Assembly
Transmission Range Pressure Switch Assembly.
The transmission range pressure switch assembly is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information >
Locations > Page 5857
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): Description and Operation
Pressure Control Solenoid Circuit.
Purpose:
The Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS), or force motor, is a pressure regulator that controls line pressure based on current flow through its coilwinding. The magnetic field produced by the coil move the solenoids internal valve which varies pressure to the pressure regulator valve.
Operation:
The PCM controls the pressure control solenoid by commanding current between 0 and 1.1 amps. This changes the duty cycle of the solenoid,which can range between 0% and 60%. 1.1 amps corresponds to minimum line pressure, and 0 amps to maximum line pressure. Should thesolenoid lose power the transmission will still have maximum line pressure.
Line pressure values are calculated by the PCM using inputs such as throttle position. The pressure control solenoid takes the place of the throttlevalve that was used on past model transmissions.
Location:
The Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) is attached to the valve body inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Specifications
Shift Solenoid: Specifications
...........................................................................................................................................................................................COMPONENT Torque/Ft.Lbs.
Pressure Control Solenoid To Valve Body .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8Solenoid Assembly To Pump ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8Solenoid Assembly To Case ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
Shift Solenoid: Locations1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
1-2 Shift And 2-3 Shift Solenoids.
The shift solenoids are located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids > Page 5863
Shift Solenoid: Locations3-2 Control Solenoid
Control Solenoid.
The 3-2 control solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift
Solenoids
Shift Solenoid: Description and Operation1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
1-2 Shift Solenoid Circuit
Transmission 2-3 Shift Solenoid Circuit.
Purpose:
The 1-2 and 2-3 shift solenoid (also called A and B solenoids) are identical solenoid devices that control the movement of the 1-2 and 2-3 shiftvalves. The 3-4 shift valve is not directly controlled by a shift solenoid.
The solenoids are normally open exhaust valves that work in four combinations to shift the transmission into different gears.
The PCM controlled shift solenoids eliminate the need for throttle valve and governor pressures to control shift valve operation.
Operation:
The PCM energizes each solenoid by grounding it through an internal quad driver. This sends current through the coil winding and moves theinternal plunger out of the exhaust position. When energized the solenoid redirects fluid to move a shift valve.
The manual valve can hydraulically override the shift solenoids. Only in D4 are the shift solenoids totally determining what gear the transmissionis in. In the other manual valve positions, the transmission shifts hydraulically, shift solenoid state catches up when throttle position and vehiclespeed fall into the correct ranges.
Location:
The 1-2 and 2-3 shift solenoids are attached to the valve body in the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift
Solenoids > Page 5866
Shift Solenoid: Description and Operation3-2 Control Solenoid
3-2 Control Solenoid Circuit
Purpose:
The 3-2 control solenoid is a pulse width modulated solenoid used to improve the 3-2 downshift. The solenoid regulates the release of the 3-4clutch and 2-4 band apply.
Operation:
The solenoid uses duty cycle to regulate pressures that smoothly release the clutch and apply the band. Duty cycle is normally about 0% in firstgear, and 90% in all other drive gears. Duty cycle drops during 3-2 downshift.
Throttle position, Vehicle speed and the commanded gear are used to determine duty cycle.
Location:
The 3-2 control solenoid is attached to the valve body inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > Page 5867
Shift Solenoid: Service and Repair
Fig.16 Electrical Component Locations
REPLACE
Fig. 16
1. Raise and support vehicle.2. Remove oil pan, oil filter and filter seal.3. Remove accumulator cover bolts.4. Remove 1-2 accumulator cover, piston and spring.5. Disconnect control and shift solenoid electrical connectors.6. Remove pressure control solenoid retainer bolt, then the retainer and solenoid, .7. Remove shift solenoid retainers and shift solenoids.8. Remove 3-2 control solenoid retainer and control solenoid.9. Reverse procedure to install.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Locations
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid.
The torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > Page 5871
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Description and Operation
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Circuit
Purpose:
The Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) solenoid eliminates the power loss of the torque converter stage when the vehicle is in a cruise mode.
Operation:
The TCC system uses a solenoid operated valve to couple the engine flywheel to the output shaft of the transmission through the torque converter.This reduces the slippage losses in the converter, which increases fuel economy. For the converter clutch to apply, at least two conditions must bemet.
^ Internal transmission fluid pressure must be correct.^ The PCM completes a ground circuit to energize the TCC solenoid in the transmission, which moves a check ball in the fluid line and allows
the converter clutch to apply.
The PCM controls the TCC apply solenoid by looking at several sensors.
^ Engine must be in closed loop operation.
^ Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS). Speed must be above a certain value before the clutch can apply.
^ Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS). Engine must be warmed up before the clutch can apply.
^ Throttle Position Sensor (TPS). After the converter clutch applies, the PCM uses the information from the TPS to release the clutch when the
car is accelerating or decelerating at a certain rate.
^ Another switch used in the TCC circuit is a brake switch which opens the 12 volt supply to the TCC solenoid when the brake is depressed.
Location:
The TCC solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - Transmission and Drivetrain > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > Page 5872
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Service and Repair
REPLACE
1. Raise and support vehicle.2. Disconnect heated oxygen sensor.3. Remove catalytic converter to muffler attaching bolts and nuts.4. Remove catalytic converter hanger to catalytic converter bolts.5. Remove righthand side dampener assembly.6. Remove nuts holding exhaust pipe to exhaust manifold.7. Remove converter and pipe assembly from vehicle.8. Remove oil pan and oil filter assembly.9. Disconnect external wiring harness from transmission pass through connector.
10. Remove accumulator cover attaching bolts.11. Remove 1-2 accumulator cover, piston and spring.12. Disconnect electrical connectors.13. Remove pressure control solenoid retainer bolt, then the retainer and solenoid.14. Remove TCC solenoid retaining bolts.15. Remove pass-through electrical connector from transmission case by positioning the small end of power piston seal protector and diaphragm
retainer installer tool No. J-28458 or equivalent, over the top of the connector, then twist tool to release the four tabs while at the same timepulling the harness through the case.
16. Remove TCC solenoid with wiring harness from transmission case.17. Reverse procedure to install, noting the following:
a. Tighten TCC solenoid retaining bolt to specification.b. Tighten pressure control solenoid retaining bolt to specification.c. When installing 1-2 accumulator piston to accumulator cover, the piston legs must face towards the case.d. Tighten accumulator attaching bolts to specification
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information > Locations >
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS)
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): LocationsPressure Control Solenoid (PCS)
Pressure Control Solenoid
The pressure control solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information > Locations >
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) > Page 5879
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): LocationsTransmission Range (TR) Pressure Switch Assembly
Transmission Range Pressure Switch Assembly.
The transmission range pressure switch assembly is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) <--> [Pressure Regulating Solenoid, A/T] > Component Information > Locations > Page
5880
Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS): Description and Operation
Pressure Control Solenoid Circuit.
Purpose:
The Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS), or force motor, is a pressure regulator that controls line pressure based on current flow through its coilwinding. The magnetic field produced by the coil move the solenoids internal valve which varies pressure to the pressure regulator valve.
Operation:
The PCM controls the pressure control solenoid by commanding current between 0 and 1.1 amps. This changes the duty cycle of the solenoid,which can range between 0% and 60%. 1.1 amps corresponds to minimum line pressure, and 0 amps to maximum line pressure. Should thesolenoid lose power the transmission will still have maximum line pressure.
Line pressure values are calculated by the PCM using inputs such as throttle position. The pressure control solenoid takes the place of the throttlevalve that was used on past model transmissions.
Location:
The Pressure Control Solenoid (PCS) is attached to the valve body inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Specifications
Shift Solenoid: Specifications
...........................................................................................................................................................................................COMPONENT Torque/Ft.Lbs.
Pressure Control Solenoid To Valve Body .......................................................................................................................................................................... 8Solenoid Assembly To Pump ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 8Solenoid Assembly To Case ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 18
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
Shift Solenoid: Locations1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
1-2 Shift And 2-3 Shift Solenoids.
The shift solenoids are located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids > Page 5886
Shift Solenoid: Locations3-2 Control Solenoid
Control Solenoid.
The 3-2 control solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
Shift Solenoid: Description and Operation1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids
1-2 Shift Solenoid Circuit
Transmission 2-3 Shift Solenoid Circuit.
Purpose:
The 1-2 and 2-3 shift solenoid (also called A and B solenoids) are identical solenoid devices that control the movement of the 1-2 and 2-3 shiftvalves. The 3-4 shift valve is not directly controlled by a shift solenoid.
The solenoids are normally open exhaust valves that work in four combinations to shift the transmission into different gears.
The PCM controlled shift solenoids eliminate the need for throttle valve and governor pressures to control shift valve operation.
Operation:
The PCM energizes each solenoid by grounding it through an internal quad driver. This sends current through the coil winding and moves theinternal plunger out of the exhaust position. When energized the solenoid redirects fluid to move a shift valve.
The manual valve can hydraulically override the shift solenoids. Only in D4 are the shift solenoids totally determining what gear the transmissionis in. In the other manual valve positions, the transmission shifts hydraulically, shift solenoid state catches up when throttle position and vehiclespeed fall into the correct ranges.
Location:
The 1-2 and 2-3 shift solenoids are attached to the valve body in the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > 1-2 and 2-3 Shift Solenoids > Page 5889
Shift Solenoid: Description and Operation3-2 Control Solenoid
3-2 Control Solenoid Circuit
Purpose:
The 3-2 control solenoid is a pulse width modulated solenoid used to improve the 3-2 downshift. The solenoid regulates the release of the 3-4clutch and 2-4 band apply.
Operation:
The solenoid uses duty cycle to regulate pressures that smoothly release the clutch and apply the band. Duty cycle is normally about 0% in firstgear, and 90% in all other drive gears. Duty cycle drops during 3-2 downshift.
Throttle position, Vehicle speed and the commanded gear are used to determine duty cycle.
Location:
The 3-2 control solenoid is attached to the valve body inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Shift Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Description and Operation > Page 5890
Shift Solenoid: Service and Repair
Fig.16 Electrical Component Locations
REPLACE
Fig. 16
1. Raise and support vehicle.2. Remove oil pan, oil filter and filter seal.3. Remove accumulator cover bolts.4. Remove 1-2 accumulator cover, piston and spring.5. Disconnect control and shift solenoid electrical connectors.6. Remove pressure control solenoid retainer bolt, then the retainer and solenoid, .7. Remove shift solenoid retainers and shift solenoids.8. Remove 3-2 control solenoid retainer and control solenoid.9. Reverse procedure to install.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Locations
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid.
The torque converter clutch (TCC) solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > Page 5894
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Description and Operation
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid Circuit
Purpose:
The Torque Converter Clutch (TCC) solenoid eliminates the power loss of the torque converter stage when the vehicle is in a cruise mode.
Operation:
The TCC system uses a solenoid operated valve to couple the engine flywheel to the output shaft of the transmission through the torque converter.This reduces the slippage losses in the converter, which increases fuel economy. For the converter clutch to apply, at least two conditions must bemet.
^ Internal transmission fluid pressure must be correct.^ The PCM completes a ground circuit to energize the TCC solenoid in the transmission, which moves a check ball in the fluid line and allows
the converter clutch to apply.
The PCM controls the TCC apply solenoid by looking at several sensors.
^ Engine must be in closed loop operation.
^ Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS). Speed must be above a certain value before the clutch can apply.
^ Coolant Temperature Sensor (CTS). Engine must be warmed up before the clutch can apply.
^ Throttle Position Sensor (TPS). After the converter clutch applies, the PCM uses the information from the TPS to release the clutch when the
car is accelerating or decelerating at a certain rate.
^ Another switch used in the TCC circuit is a brake switch which opens the 12 volt supply to the TCC solenoid when the brake is depressed.
Location:
The TCC solenoid is located inside the transmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Actuators and Solenoids - A/T > Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid, A/T > Component Information > Locations > Page 5895
Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid: Service and Repair
REPLACE
1. Raise and support vehicle.2. Disconnect heated oxygen sensor.3. Remove catalytic converter to muffler attaching bolts and nuts.4. Remove catalytic converter hanger to catalytic converter bolts.5. Remove righthand side dampener assembly.6. Remove nuts holding exhaust pipe to exhaust manifold.7. Remove converter and pipe assembly from vehicle.8. Remove oil pan and oil filter assembly.9. Disconnect external wiring harness from transmission pass through connector.
10. Remove accumulator cover attaching bolts.11. Remove 1-2 accumulator cover, piston and spring.12. Disconnect electrical connectors.13. Remove pressure control solenoid retainer bolt, then the retainer and solenoid.14. Remove TCC solenoid retaining bolts.15. Remove pass-through electrical connector from transmission case by positioning the small end of power piston seal protector and diaphragm
retainer installer tool No. J-28458 or equivalent, over the top of the connector, then twist tool to release the four tabs while at the same timepulling the harness through the case.
16. Remove TCC solenoid with wiring harness from transmission case.17. Reverse procedure to install, noting the following:
a. Tighten TCC solenoid retaining bolt to specification.b. Tighten pressure control solenoid retaining bolt to specification.c. When installing 1-2 accumulator piston to accumulator cover, the piston legs must face towards the case.d. Tighten accumulator attaching bolts to specification
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator Piston/Outer Spring Replacement
Accumulator: Technical Service BulletinsA/T - 1-2 Accumulator Piston/Outer Spring Replacement
File In Section: 7 - Transmission
Bulletin No.: 87-71-74
Date: November, 1998
INFORMATION
Subject:1-2 Accumulator Piston and Outer Spring Replacement
Models:1982-96 Buick Roadmaster1982-96 Cadillac Brougham, Fleetwood, DeVille1982-86 Chevrolet Caprice1982-99 Chevrolet Camaro, Corvette1982-99 Pontiac Firebirdwith HYDRA-MATIC 4L60, 4L60-E Transmission (RPOs MD8, M30)
1982-99 Chevrolet and GMC C/K, M/L, S/T, G Models1991-99 Oldsmobile Bravadawith HYDRA-MATIC 4L60, 4L60-E Transmission (RPOs MD8, M30)
Transmissions built from 1982 through 1999 were built with one of two styles of 1-2 accumulator pistons and outer springs.
Important:
The 1-2 accumulator pistons and outer springs are not interchangeable.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5900
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
For replacement of the 1-2 accumulator piston and outer spring, remove the 1-2 accumulator assembly and inspect the interior for the presence of eitheran aluminum or composite (plastic) 1-2 accumulator piston.
Design 1
1-2 accumulator assemblies with an aluminum piston and a round wire outer spring, use service package P/N 24204495 (1982-1993) or P/N 24204496
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(1994-1997).
Design 2
1-2 accumulator assemblies with a composite (plastic) piston and an ovate wire outer spring, started May 11, 1998 (Julian Date 131), use servicepackage P/N 24214343 (1998-1999).
Notice:
Failure to follow the above instructions may result in transmission distress.
Parts Information
Parts are currently available from GMSPO.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5901
Accumulator: Technical Service BulletinsA/T - Accumulator Assembly Service Manual Update
Group Ref.: Transmission
Bulletin No.: 377143
Date: November, 1993
SERVICE MANUAL UPDATE
SUBJECT:SECTION 7A - AUTOMATIC - TRANSMISSION UNIT REPAIR - ACCUMULATOR ASSEMBLY
MODELS:1994 BUICK ROADMASTER 1994 CADILLAC FLEETWOOD 1994 CHEVROLET CAPRICE, CAMARO, CORVETTE 1994 PONTIAC FIREBIRD
1994 CHEVROLET AND GMC C/K, S/T TRUCKS AND L/M, G VANS 1994 OLDSMOBILE BRAVADA
TRANSAXLE
APPLICATIONS:
1994 HYDRA-MATIC 4L60-E (RPO M30)
BULLETIN COVERS:
New product information for 1994 HYDRA-MATIC 4L60-E transmissions. This information has been updated since publication of the 1994 ServiceManual and should be noted accordingly. Be certain to familiarize yourself with these updates to properly repair the 1994 HYDRA-MATIC 4L60-Etransmission.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5902
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5903
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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DATE OF PRODUCTION CHANGE:(Figures 1, 2 & 3)
Beginning with start of production 1994, HYDRA-MATIC 4L60-E transmissions were built with a new calibration that has two (2) springs in the 1-2accumulator. The 3-4 accumulator has also changed. Some models do not use a 3-4 accumulator spring.
SERVICE MANUAL REFERENCE:
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5904
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5905
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5906
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5907
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > A/T - 1-2 Accumulator
Piston/Outer Spring Replacement > Page 5908
Roadmaster V8-350 5.7L (1994)
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Update your 1994 Service Manual with the five (5) pages.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > Page 5909
Accumulator: Specifications
...........................................................................................................................................................................................COMPONENT Torque/Ft.Lbs.
Accumulator Cover To Case ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8FWD Accumulator Cover To Valve Body ........................................................................................................................................................................... 8
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Accumulator, A/T > Component Information > Technical Service Bulletins > Page 5910
Accumulator: Service and Repair
Fig.15 Accumulator Assembly
REPLACE
10. Remove accumulator assembly.11. Reverse procedure to install, noting the following:
a. When installing 3-4 accumulator piston onto the pin, the piston legs must face the valve body.b. When installing case and valve body gaskets. The case gasket will be marked with a C and the valve body gasket will be marked with a V.c. Tighten spacer plate support bolts to specification.
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Valve Body Valve Body
Fig. 15
1. Raise and support vehicle.2. Remove oil pan and gasket.3. Remove oil filter and filter seal.4. Remove control valve body as described under . Refer to . See: Valve Body/Service and Repair5. Remove accumulator cover bolts, .6. Remove 1-2 accumulator cover, piston and spring.7. Remove spacer plate support bolts.8. Remove spacer plate and spacer plate gaskets.9. Remove 3-4 accumulator spring, piston and pin.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Band Apply Servo, A/T > Component Information > Service and Repair
Band Apply Servo: Service and Repair
Fig.17 Servo Cover Removal
REPLACE
1. Disconnect battery ground cable.2. Remove exhaust system as described under . Refer to . See: Actuators andTCC Solenoid & Wiring Harness Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid
Solenoids - A/T/Torque Converter Clutch Solenoid/Service and Repair
Fig. 17
Fig. 17
3. Remove transmission oil pan bolt below servo cover, .4. Install servo cover depressor tool No. J-29714-A or equivalent on oil pan and install bolt included with tool, .5. Depress servo cover and remove retaining ring.6. Remove tool from oil pan.7. Remove cover and seal ring.8. Remove servo piston and bore apply pin assembly.9. Reverse procedure to install.
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> Transmission and Drivetrain > Automatic Transmission/Transaxle > Bell Housing, A/T > Component Information > Specifications
Bell Housing: Specifications
...........................................................................................................................................................................................COMPONENT Torque/Ft.Lbs.
Bellhousing To Case .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
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