Buick Riviera 1995 V6 3.8L Workshop Manual

buick :: Buick Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Locations > Remote Accessory Control (RAC)

Module

Rear Speakers Beneath Rear Shelf

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Locations > Remote Accessory Control (RAC)

Module > Page 8

Rear Relay Center, Internal Components (Under Rear Seat, LH Side)

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsAbbreviation
A/C

Air Conditioning

CCM

Central Control Module

CKT

Circuit

CONN

Connector

EBCM

Electronic Brake Control Module

EBTCM

Electronic Brake and Traction Control Module

ECM

Engine Control Module

HARN

Harness

I/P

Instrument Panel

LH

Left Hand

PCM

Powertrain Control Module

RH

Right Hand

TERM

Terminal

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 12

Body Part Names

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 13

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsCell References
CELL REFERENCES

"CELL"

General Motors vehicles often use references in their electrical wiring diagrams. These references are used in the Original EquipmentManual to refer to a section in the manual and not a specific diagram(s).

GM Sample Diagram W/ Cell Reference

For instance, in the diagram illustrated "Cell 20" is not a reference to another diagram but a reference to "Section 20" in the OE manual. In theexample, "Section 20" is the engine control section of the manual.

Note:

If unsure of the system - try utilizing the search feature. Type a component in the search feature that belongs to the system and when theresults are displayed note the path displayed. This will show the system the component belongs in.

Diagrams / Electrical Diagrams

To navigate through these "Cell" references start at the vehicle level and go to: - for a complete list of the diagramsavailable for the vehicle. Choose the you are working on and view those diagrams. system

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 14

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsElectrostatic Discharge (ESD Sensitive Devices)

All Electrostatic Discharge sensitive components are Solid State and the following information applies to them.(ESD)

ESD Symbol

Typical Schematic

The ESD symbol is used on schematics to indicate which components are ESD sensitive. When handling any electronic part, the service technicianshould follow the guidelines below to reduce any possible electrostatic charge build-up on the service technician's body and inadvertent discharge to theelectronic part. If it is not known whether or not a component is ESD sensitive, assume it is susceptible.

1. Always touch a known good ground before handling the part. This should be repeated while handling the pan and more frequently after slidingHandling Procedures

across a seat, sitting down from a standing position or walking a distance.

Measuring Procedures

The circuits shown within the boxes are greatly simplified. Do not troubleshoot by measuring resistance at any terminal of these devices unless soinstructed by a written diagnostic procedure. Due to the simplification of the schematics, resistance measurements could be misleading, or couldlead to electrostatic discharge.

2. Avoid touching electrical terminals of the part, unless so instructed by a written diagnostic procedure.3. When using a voltmeter, be sure to connect the ground lead first.4. Do not remove a part from its protective package until it is time to install the part.5. Before removing the part from its package, ground the package to a known good ground on the vehicle.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 15

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsSchematic Symbols

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions > Abbreviation > Page 16

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Fig.1-Symbols (Part 1 Of 3)

Fig.2-Symbols (Part 2 Of 3)

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions > Abbreviation > Page 17

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Fig.3-Symbols (Part 3 Of 3)

Vacuum Motors operate like electrical solenoids, mechanically pushing or pulling a shaft between two fixed positions. When vacuum is applied, theshaft is pulled in. When no vacuum is applied, the shaft is pushed all the way out by a spring.
Double Diaphragm Motors can be operated by vacuum in two directions. When there is no vacuum, the motor is in the center "at rest" position.

Some Vacuum Motors such as the Servo Motor in the Cruise Control can position the actuating arm at any position between fully extended and fullyretracted. The servo is operated by a control valve that applies varying amounts of vacuum to the motor. The higher the vacuum level, the greater theretraction of the motor arm. Servo Motors work like the two position motors; the only difference is in the way the vacuum is applied. Servo Motors aregenerally larger and provide a calibrated control.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 18

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsSupplemental Inflatable Restraint (SIR) System

SIR Symbol

The Supplemental Inflatable Restraint symbol is used on schematics to alert the technician to the following important caution.(SIR)

CAUTION: CAUTIONS

This vehicle is equipped with SIR. Refer to in SIR under Air Bags and Seat Belts before performing service on or around SIRcomponents or wiring. Failure to follow CAUTIONS could result in possible air bag deployment, personal injury, or otherwise unneeded SIR systemrepairs.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 19

Retained Accessory Power: Diagram Information and InstructionsWire Color Code Identification

Black:

BLK

Blue:

BLU

Brown:

BRN

Grey:

GR Or GRY

Green:

GRN

Natural:

NAT

Orange:

ORN

Pink:

PNK

Purple:

PPL

Red:

RED

Tan:

TAN

White:

WHT

Yellow:

YEL

Dark:

(example: DK GRN same as Dark Green)DK

Light:

(example: LT BLU same as Light Blue)LT

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagram Information and Instructions >

Abbreviation > Page 20

Wire Size Conversion Table

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsAdditional Information

NOTE:

Turn OFF power to the test circuit before attempting in-circuit resistance measurements to prevent false readings or damage to the meter. Donot use the meter to measure resistance through a solid state module.

"ohms"

Continuity tests that work well for detecting intermittent shorts to ground can be performed by setting the meter to then pressing the button. An audible tone will be heard whenever the meter detects continuity for at least ."PEAKMIN MAX" 1 millisecond

The J 39200 Instruction Manual is a good source of information and should be read thoroughly upon receipt of the meter as well as kept on hand forreference during new procedures.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 24

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsBasic Knowledge Required

(amps) (ohms)

Without a basic knowledge of electricity, it will be difficult to use the diagnostic procedures contained in this section. You should understand the basictheory of electricity and know the meaning of voltage, current and resistance . You should understand what happens in a circuit with anopen or a shorted wire. You should be able to read and understand a wiring diagram.The following four-step troubleshooting procedure is recommended:

Step 1: Check the Problem

Perform a System Check to determine a symptom. Don't waste time fixing part of the problem! Do not begin disassembly or testing until you havenarrowed down the possible causes.

Step 2: Read the Electrical Schematic

Study the schematic. Read the Circuit Operation text if you do not understand how the circuit should work. Check circuits that share wiring withthe problem circuit. (Shared circuits are shown on Power Distribution, Ground Distribution, Fuse Block Details and Light Switch Details.) Try tooperate the shared circuits. If the shared circuits work, then the shared wiring is OK. The cause must be within the wiring used only by the problemcircuit. If several circuits fail at the same time, chances are the power (fuse) or ground circuit is faulty.

^Step 3: Find the fault and repair

Narrow down the possible causes.
^ Use the Troubleshooting Hints.
^ Make the necessary measurements or checks as given in the System Diagnosis.
^

Before replacing a component, check power, signal and ground wires at the component harness connector. If the checks and connections areOK, the most probable cause is component failure.

Repeat the System Check to verify that the fault has been corrected and that no other faults were induced during the repair.Step 4: Test the Repair

A customer brings in a vehicle and says that the HI beams do not work.EXAMPLE:

You may discover that both LO beams operate. In HI, you may notice that the HI Beam Indicator comes ON, but neither HI beam operates.Step 1: Perform a System Check on the Headlight Circuit

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 25

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Typical Headlights Schematic

Step 2: Read the Headlights Electrical Schematic

This is the step that will save time and labor. Remember, it is essential to understand how a circuit should work, before trying to figure out why itdoesn't.

After you understand how the circuit should operate, read the schematic again, this time keeping in mind what you have learned by operating thecircuit.

Since both LO beams work, you know that the Headlight Switch, the YEL wire, the LO contacts of the Headlight Dimmer Switch, terminal "1E"of C100, the TAN wires and grounds G1O5 and G109 are all good.

Furthermore, since you saw that the HI Beam Indicator came ON when the Headlight Dimmer Switch was moved to HI you know that the HIcontacts of the Headlight Dimmer Switch and the LT GRN wire between the Headlight Dimmer Switch and C100 are good.

At this point, you could test for voltage at the RH Headlamp with the Headlight Dimmer Switch in HI. However, it is extremely unlikely that theHI beam filaments have burned out in both headlamps, or that both headlamps connections are bad. The cause must be a bad connection at C100,or a break in the LT GRN wire between C100 and the RH Headlamp.
You have quickly narrowed the possible causes down to one specific area, and have done absolutely no work on the vehicle itself.

Step 3: Find the fault and repair it

Using the Component Location List and the corresponding figure, you can quickly find C100 and the LT GRN wire, locate the exact trouble pointand make the repair.

This, of course, means making sure that both HI beams, both LO beams and the HI Beam Indicator are all working.Step 4: Check the repair by performing a System Check on the Headlights Circuit

Now suppose that the symptoms were different. You may have operated the Headlamps and found that the LO beams were working, but neitherthe HI beams nor the HI Beam Indicator were working. Looking at the schematic, you might conclude that it is unlikely that both HI beamfilaments and the HI Beam Indicator have all burned out at once. The cause is probably the Headlight Dimmer Switch or its connector.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 26

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsChecking Terminal Contacts

DESCRIPTION

When diagnosing an electrical system that utilizes Metri-Pack 150/280/480/630 series terminals (refer to Terminal Repair Kit, J 38125-A, J38125-4 for terminal identification), it is important to check terminal contact between a connector and component, or between in-line connectors,before replacing a suspect component.

Frequently, a diagnostic chart leads to a step that reads: Check for poor connection. Mating terminals must be inspected to assure good terminalcontact. A poor connection between the male and female terminal at a connector may be the result of contamination or deformation.

Contamination is caused by the connector halves being improperly connected, a missing or damaged connector seal, or damage to the connectoritself, exposing the terminals to moisture and dirt. Contamination, usually in underhood or underbody connectors, leads to terminal corrosion,causing an open circuit or intermittently open circuit.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 27

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Deformation Of A Typical Metri-Pack 150/280/480/630 Series Female Terminal

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 28

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Deformation is caused by probing the mating side of a connector terminal without the proper adapter, improperly joining the connector halves orrepeatedly separating and joining the connector halves. Deformation, usually to the female terminal contact tang, can result in poor terminalcontact, causing an open or intermittently open circuit.

PROCEDURE

Follow the procedure below to check terminal contact.1. Separate the connector halves. Refer to Terminal Repair Kit, J 38125-A, J 38125-4.2. Inspect the connector halves for contamination. Contamination will result in a white or green build-up within the connector body or between

terminals, causing HI terminal resistance, intermittent contact or an open circuit. An underhood or underbody connector that shows signs ofcontamination should be replaced in its entirety: terminals, seals and connector body.

3. Using an equivalent male terminal from the Terminal Repair Kit, J 38125-A, check the retention force of the female terminal in question by

inserting and removing the male terminal to the female terminal in the connector body. Good terminal contact will require a certain amount of

force to separate the terminals.

4. Using an equivalent female terminal from the Terminal Repair Kit, J 38125-A, compare the retention force of this terminal to the female

terminal in question by joining and separating the male terminal to the good female terminal, and then joining and separating the male terminalto the female terminal in question. If the retention force is significantly different between the two female terminals, replace the female terminalin question (refer to Terminal Repair Kit, J 38125-A).

If a visual (physical) check does not reveal the cause of the problem, the vehicle may be able to be driven with a Digital Voltmeter connected to the suspected circuit. An abnormal voltage reading when the problem occurs indicates the problem may be in that circuit.(DVM)

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 29

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsDetecting Electrical Intermittents

PROCEDURE

Use the following procedure to detect intermittent terminal contact or a broken wire with an intermittent connection inside the insulation.

(MIN)

The J 39200 Digital Multimeter has the ability to monitor current, resistance, or voltage while recording the minimum and maximum values measured. The meter can also be set to display the average value measured.(MAX) (AVG)

When diagnosing circuits that have voltage applied, use the voltage setting to monitor a connector (or length of a circuit) which is suspected ofhaving an intermittent connection but is currently operating normally.1. Connect the J 39200 Digital Multimeter to both sides of a suspect connector (still connected) or from one end of a suspect circuit to the other.

Meter Connections

This will continuously monitor the terminal contacts or length of wire being checked. Refer for examples of the variousmethods for connecting the meter to the circuit. See: Meter Connections

2. Set the meter for voltage. Since the "MIN MAX" mode does not use auto ranging, manually select the voltage range necessary before

proceeding.

3. Press the "MIN MAX" button. The meter should read (100 millisecond record) and emit a beep. The meter is"100 ms RECORD" 1/4 second

now ready to record and will generate an audible tone for any change in voltage. At this point, you may wish to press the "PEAK MIN MAX"button, which will record any voltage variations that occur for at least .1 millisecond

4. Try to simulate the condition that is potentially causing an intermittent connection, either by wiggling connections or wiring, test driving or

1/4 second.

performing other operations. If an open or resistance is created, a voltage will be present and the meter will emit a tone for as long as the openor resistance exists. Any change in voltage will cause the meter to emit a tone for no less than (Listening for a tone whilemanipulating wiring is very helpful for narrowing down an intermittent connection.)

Use the MIN and MAX values when the meter is out of sight or sound range, in noisy areas or for test driving when it may not be possible tomonitor the meter.

To check the MIN and MAX recorded voltages press "MIN MAX" once for MAX and twice for MIN. A variation between MIN and MAXrecorded voltages (unless nearly ) suggests an intermittent open or that resistance exists and should be repaired as necessary.0 volts

IMPORTANT: "100 ms RECORD"

The (100 millisecond record) mode is NOT the amount of time allowed to perform a specificprocedure. It is the amount of time used to record each snapshot of information used for calculating "AVG" when in the "MIN MAX" mode.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 30

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsIntermittents and Poor Connections

Most intermittents are caused by faulty electrical connections or wiring, although occasionally a sticking relay or solenoid can be a problem. Some itemsto check are:

^ Poor mating of connector halves, or terminals not fully seated in the connector body (backed out).
^ Dirt or corrosion on the terminals. The terminals must be clean and free of any foreign material which could impede proper terminal contact.
^

Damaged connector body, exposing the terminals to moisture and dirt, as well as not maintaining proper terminal orientation with the componentor mating connector.

^

Improperly formed or damaged terminals. All connector terminals in problem circuits should be checked carefully to ensure good contact tension.Use a corresponding mating terminal to check for proper tension. Refer to for the specific procedure.Checking Terminal Contact

^

The J 35616-A Connector Test Adapter Kit must be used whenever a diagnostic procedure requests checking or probing a terminal. Using theadapter will ensure that no damage to the terminal will occur, as well as giving an idea of whether contact tension is sufficient. If contact tensionseems incorrect, refer to See: Checking Terminal ContactsChecking Terminal Contact.

^

Poor terminal-to-wire connection. Some conditions which fall under this description are poor crimps, poor solder joints, crimping over wireinsulation rather than the wire itself, corrosion in the wire-to-terminal contact area, etc.

^ Wire insulation which is rubbed through, causing an intermittent short as the bare area touches other wiring or parts of the vehicle.
^

Wiring broken inside the insulation. This condition could cause a continuity check to show a good circuit, but if only 1 or 2 strands of amulti-strand type wire are intact, resistance could be far too HI.

To avoid any of the above problems when making wiring or terminal repairs, always follow the instructions for wiring and terminal repair outlined underthe . See: Wire Repair Procedures/Typical Electrical Repair ProceduresRepair Procedures

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Additional Information > Page 31

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsMeter Connections

The previous diagnostic procedure was written to detect intermittents using the meter set to voltage. Whether using the current, voltage or resistancesetting to detect intermittents, it is necessary to connect the meter to the circuit.
Following are examples of the various methods of connecting the meter to the circuit to be checked:

^

Backprobe both ends of the connector and either hold the leads in place while manipulating the connector or tape the leads to the harness forcontinuous monitoring while performing other operations or test driving. (Do not backprobe "Weather Pack(R)" type connectors.)

^ Disconnect the harness at both ends of the suspect circuit where it connects either to a component or to other harnesses.
^ Use Connector Test Adapter Kit J 35616-A to connect the meter to the circuit.
^

If the system being diagnosed has a specified Pinout or breakout box, it may be used to simplify connecting the meter to the circuit or for checkingmultiple circuits quickly.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsAftermarket Accessories

Always check for aftermarket accessories as the first step in diagnosing electrical problems. If the vehicle is so equipped, disconnect the system to verifythat these add-on accessories are not the cause of the problems.
Some possible causes of vehicle problems related to aftermarket accessories include:

1. Power feeds connected to points other than the Battery.2. Antenna location.3. Transceiver wiring located too close to vehicle electronic modules or wiring.4. Poor shielding or poor connectors on antenna feed line.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 34

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsProbing (Frontprobe & Backprobe)

(CPA)
After probing, when reconnecting connectors or replacing terminals, always be sure to reinstall Connector Position Assurance and TerminalPosition Assurance .(TPA)

Frontprobe

When frontprobing of connectors is required, always use a mating terminal adapter from Connector Test Adapter Kit (J 35616-A). The use ofproper adapters will ensure that proper terminal contact integrity is maintained. (refer to in Procedures Checking Terminal Contact).

Backprobe

Only backprobe connector terminals when specifically called for in diagnostic procedures. Since backprobing can be a source of damage toconnector terminals, extra care must be taken to avoid deforming the terminal, either by forcing the test probe too far into the cavity or by usingtoo large a test probe.

After backprobing any connector, always check for terminal damage. If terminal damage is suspected, check for proper terminal contact, refer to . See: Checking Terminal ContactsChecking Terminal Contact

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 35

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsTesting For Voltage

Voltage Check

1. Connect one lead of a test light to a known good ground. When using a Digital Voltmeter , be sure the voltmeter's negative lead is(DVM)

connected to ground.

2. Connect the other lead of the test light or voltmeter to a selected test point (connector or terminal).3. If the test light illuminates, there is voltage present. When using a DVM, note the voltage reading.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 36

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsTesting For Continuity

Continuity Check Through A Switch

1. Remove the fuse to the circuit involved.2. Connect one lead of a self-powered test light or ohmmeter to one end of the part of the circuit you wish to test.3. Connect the other lead to the other end of the circuit.4. If the self-powered test light glows, there is continuity. When using an ohmmeter, LO or no resistance means good continuity.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 37

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsTesting For Voltage Drop

Voltage Drop Test

This test checks for voltage being lost along a wire, or through a connection or switch.

1. Connect the positive lead of a Digital Voltmeter to the end of the wire (or to one side of the connection or switch) which is closer to the(DVM)

Battery.

2. Connect the negative lead to the other end of the wire (or the other side of the connection or switch).3. Operate the circuit.4. The DVM will show the difference in voltage between the two points.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 38

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsTesting For Short to Ground

Testing For Short With Self Powered Test Light Or Ohmmeter

WITH A TEST LIGHT OR DIGITAL VOLTMETER (DVM)

1. Remove the blown fuse and disconnect the load.2. Connect a test light or voltmeter across the fuse terminals (be sure that the fuse is powered).3. Beginning near the Fuse Block, wiggle the harness from side to side. Continue this at convenient points (about apart) while watching the6 inches

test light or DVM.

4. When the test light glows, or the DVM registers, there is a short to ground in the wiring near that point.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tests > Aftermarket Accessories > Page 39

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Testing For Short With Test Light Or DVM

WITH A SELF-POWERED TEST LIGHT OR OHMMETER.

1. Remove the blown fuse and disconnect the Battery and load.2. Connect one lead of a self-powered test light or ohmmeter to the fuse terminal on the load side.3. Connect the other lead to a known good ground.4. Beginning near the Fuse Block, wiggle the harness from side to side. Continue this at convenient points (about apart) while watching the6 inches

self-powered test light or ohmmeter.

5. When the self-powered test light glows, or the ohmmeter registers, there is a short to ground in the wiring near that point.

FUSES POWERING SEVERAL LOADS

"Fuse Block Details,"

1. Find the schematic under for the fuse that has blown.2. Open the first connector or switch leading from the fuse to each load.3. Replace the fuse.
^ If the fuse blows, the short is in the wiring leading to the first connector or switch. Use a test light or meter as described.

^ If fuse does not blow, refer to next step.

4. Close each connector or switch until the fuse blows in order to find which circuit has the short. Connect test lamp or meter at the connector to the
suspect circuit (disconnected) rather than at the fuse terminals.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsTest Light/Digital Voltmeter

12 volt

Use a test light to check for voltage. A Test Light (J 34l42-B) is made up of a light bulb with a pair of leads attached. After grounding one lead,touch the other lead to various points along the circuit where voltage should be present. When the bulb goes ON, there is voltage at the point beingtested.

(DVM)

A Digital Voltmeter can be used instead of a test light. While a test light shows whether or not voltage is present, a DVM indicates how muchvoltage is present.

(ECM)

10-megohm NEVER

An increasing number of circuits include solid state control modules. One example is the Engine Control Module . Voltages in these circuitsshould be tested only with a or higher impedance DVM or multimeter (J 39200). Unless directed to within the diagnostics, use atest light on circuits that contain solid state components, since damage to these components may result.

When testing for voltage or continuity at the connection, it is not necessary to separate the two halves of the connector. Unless testing a Weather Pack(R)connector, always probe the connector from the back. Always check both sides of the connector. An accumulation of dirt and corrosion between contactsurfaces is sometimes a cause of electrical problems. Refer to in checking terminal contact. See: Checking Terminal ContactsProcedures

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 42

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsConnector Test Adapters

Connector Test Adapter Kit (J 35616-A) is available for making tests and measurements at separated connectors. This kit contains an assortment ofprobes which mate with many of the types of terminals you will see. Avoid using paper clips and other substitutes since they can damage terminals andcause incorrect measurements.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 43

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsSelf-Powered Test Light

A self-powered test light (J 21008-A) can be used to check for continuity. This tool is made up of a light bulb, Battery and two leads. If the leads aretouched together, the bulb will go ON.

A self-powered test light is used only on an unpowered circuit. First remove the fuse which feeds the circuit you're working on. Select two specific pointsalong the circuit through which there should be continuity. Connect one lead of the self-powered test light to each point. If there is continuity, the testlight circuit will be completed and the bulb will go ON.

use a self-powered test light on circuits that contain solid state components, since damage to these components may result.NEVER

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 44

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsOhmmeter

An ohmmeter can be used instead of a self-powered test light. The ohmmeter shows how much resistance there is between two points along a circuit. LOresistance means good continuity.

(ECM) 10-megohm

Circuits which include any solid state control modules, such as the Engine Control Module , should be tested only with a or higherimpedance digital multimeter (J 39200).

(DVM),

When measuring resistance with a Digital Voltmeter the vehicle Battery should be disconnected. This will prevent incorrect readings. DVMsapply such a small voltage to measure resistance that the presence of voltages can upset a resistance reading.

Diodes and solid state components in a circuit can cause an ohmmeter to give a false reading. To find out if a component is affecting a measurement,take a reading once, reverse the leads and take a second reading. If the readings differ, the solid state component is affecting the measurement.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 45

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsFused Jumper Wire

20 amp

A fused jumper (J 36169) is available with small clamp connectors providing adaptation to most connectors without damage. This fused jumper wire issupplied with a fuse which may not be suitable for some circuits. Do not use a fuse with a higher rating than the fuse that protects the circuitbeing tested.

A fused jumper may not protect solid state components from being damaged.NOTE:

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 46

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsShort Finder

Short Finders (J 8681-A) are available to locate hidden shorts to ground. The short finder creates a pulsing magnetic field in the shorted circuit andshows you the location of the short through body trim or sheet metal.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Troubleshooting Tools > Test Light/Digital Voltmeter > Page 47

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsFuse Tester

(LED)

A simple tester (J 34764) can detect a blown fuse. To check a fuse, the tester is applied directly to the fuse in the Fuse Block. Two probes contact thefuse, either into the slots of a flat fuse or to the metal ends of a glass fuse. With power ON, a red Light Emitting Diode in the tester lights if thefuse is open. The handle of the tester is a tool for removing either type of fuse.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > General

Troubleshooting Procedures > Page 48

Special Tools

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsCircuit Breakers

A circuit breaker is a protective device designed to open the circuit when a current load is in excess of rated breaker capacity. If there is a short or othertype of overload condition in the circuit, the excessive current will open the circuit between the circuit breaker terminals. There are two basic types ofcircuit breakers used in GM vehicles: cycling and non-cycling.

Cycling Circuit Breaker

The cycling breaker will open due to heat generated when excessive current passes through it for a period of time. Once the circuit breaker cools,it will close again after a few seconds. If the cause of the HI current is still present it will open again. It will continue to cycle open and closed untilthe condition causing the HI current is removed.

Non-Cycling Circuit Breaker

There are two types of non-cycling circuit breakers. One type is mechanical and is nearly the same as a cycling breaker. The difference is a smallheater wire within the non-cycling circuit breaker. This wire provides enough heat to keep the bimetallic element open until the current source isremoved.

(ECB)

The other type is solid state, called out in this section as Electronic Circuit Breaker . This device has a Positive Temperature Coefficient. Itincreases its resistance greatly when excessive current passes through it. The excessive current heats the ECB. As it heats, its resistance increases,therefore having a Positive Temperature Coefficient. Eventually the resistance gets so HI that the circuit is effectively open. The ECB will notreset until the circuit is opened, removing voltage from its terminals. Once voltage is removed, the circuit breaker will re-close within a second ortwo.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 52

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsFuses

Fuse Devices

The most common method of automotive wiring circuit protection is the fuse. A fuse is a device that, by the melting of its element, opens an electricalcircuit when the current exceeds a given level for a sufficient time. The action is non-reversible and the fuse must be replaced each time a circuit isoverloaded or after a malfunction is repaired.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 53

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 54

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Fuse Rating And Color

Fuses are color coded. The standardized color identification and ratings are shown. For service replacement, non-color coded fuses of the samerespective current rating can be used.
Examine a suspect fuse for a break in the element. If the element is broken or melted, replace the fuse with one of equal current rating.

There are additional specific circuits with in-line fuses. These fuses are located within the individual wiring harness and will appear to be an open circuitif blown.

Autofuse

The Autofuse, normally referred to simply as "Fuse," is the most common circuit protection device in today's vehicle. The Autofuse is most oftenused to protect the wiring assembly between the Fuse Block and the system components.

Maxifuse

The Maxifuse was designed to replace the fusible link and Pacific Fuse elements. The Maxifuse is designed to protect cables, normally betweenthe battery and fuse block, from both direct short circuits and resistive short circuits.

Compared to a fusible link or a Pacific Fuse element, the Maxifuse performs much more like an Autofuse, although the average opening time isslightly longer. This is because the Maxifuse was designed to be a slower blowing fuse, with less chance of nuisance blows.

Minifuse

The Minifuse is a smaller version of the Autofuse and has a similar performance. As with the Autofuse, the Minifuse is usually used to protect thewiring assembly between a fuse block and system components. Since the Minifuse is a smaller device, it allows for more system specific fusing tobe accomplished within the same amount of space as Autofuses.

Pacific Fuse Element/Maxifuse

The Pacific Fuse Element and Maxifuse were developed to be a replacement for the fusible link. Like a fusible link, the fuses are designed toprotect wiring from a direct short to ground. These elements are easier to service and inspect than a fusible link and will eventually replace fusiblelinks in all future vehicle applications.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 55

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsFusible Links

Good And Damaged Fusible Links

In addition to circuit breakers and fuses, some circuits use fusible links to protect the wiring. Like fuses, fusible links are "one-time" protection devicesthat will melt and create an open circuit.
Not all fusible link open Circuits can be detected by observation. Always inspect that there is battery voltage past the fusible link to verify continuity.

Wire Size Conversion Table

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 56

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

AWG

10 gage 14 gage

5 mmSq. 2 mm Sq. Wire Size Conversion Table

Fusible links are used instead of a fuse in wiring circuits that are not normally fused, such as the ignition circuit. For sizes, each fusible link is fourwire gage sizes smaller than the wire it is designed to protect. For example: to protect a wire use a link or for metric, to protect a wire use a link, refer to . Links are marked on the insulation with wire-gage size because the heavyinsulation makes the link appear to be a heavier gage than it actually is. The same wire size fusible link must be used when replacing a blown fusiblelink.

Fusible links are available with three types of insulation: Hypalon(R), Silicone/GXL (SIL/GXL) and Expanded Duty. All future vehicles that use fusiblelinks will utilize the Expanded Duty type of fusible link. When servicing fusible links, all fusible links can be replaced with the Expanded Duty type.SIL/GXI fusible links can be used to replace either SIL/GXI or Hypalon(R) fusible links. Hypalon(R) fusible links can only be used to replaceHypalon(R) fusible links.

Determining characteristics of the types of fusible links are:

-

Hypalon(R) (limited use): only available in or smaller and its insulation is one color all the way through.0.35 mm Sq.

- SIL/GXL (widely used): available in all sizes and has a white inner core under the outer color of insulation.

-

Expanded Duty: available in all sizes, has an insulation that is one color all the way through and has three dots following the writing on theinsulation. Service fusible links are available in many lengths.

150-225 mm (approx. 6-9 in.)

Choose the shortest length that is suitable. If the fusible link is to be cut from a spool, it should be cut long. make a fusible link longer than NEVER 225 mm (approx. 9 in.).

Fusible links cut longer than will not provide sufficient overload protection.CAUTION: 225 mm (approx. 9 in.)

Single Wire Feed Fusible Link

Typical Electrical Repair Procedures.

To replace a damaged fusible link, cut it off beyond the splice. Replace with a repair link. When connecting the repair link, strip wire and usestaking-type pliers to crimp the splice securely in two places. For more details on splicing procedures, refer to ""Use crimp and seal splices whenever possible. See: Typical Electrical Repair Procedures

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 57

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Double Wire Feed Fusible Link

To replace a damaged fusible link which feeds two harness wires, cut them both off beyond the splice. Use two repair links, one spliced to each harnesswire.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Circuit Protection Devices > Circuit Breakers > Page 58

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsGeneral Information

The purpose of circuit protection is to protect the wiring assembly during normal and overload conditions. An overload is defined as a currentrequirement that is higher than normal. This overload could be caused by a short circuit or system malfunction. The short circuit could be the result of apinched or cut wire or an internal device short circuit, such as an electronic module failure.

The circuit protection device is only applied to protect the wiring assembly, and not the electrical load at the end of the assembly. For example, if anelectronic component short circuits, the circuit protection device will assure a minimal amount of damage to the wiring assembly. However, it will notnecessarily prevent damage to the component.
There are three basic types of circuit protection devices: Circuit Breaker, Fuse and Fusible Link.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Diode Replacement

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsDiode Replacement

Many vehicle electrical systems use a diode to isolate circuits and protect the components from voltage spikes. When installing a new diode, use thefollowing procedure:

If the diode is taped to the harness, remove all of the tape.Step 1: Open the Harness

Step 2: Remove inoperative Diode

Paying attention to current flow direction, remove inoperative diode from the harness with a suitable soldering tool. If the diode is located next to aconnector terminal, remove the terminal(s) from the connector to prevent damage from the soldering tool.

Step 3: Strip the Insulation

Carefully strip away a section of insulation next to the old soldered portion of the wire(s). Do not remove any more than is needed to attach thenew diode.

Diode Identification

Step 4: Install New Diode

Check current flow direction of the new diode, being sure to install the diode with correct bias. Refer the image for replacement diode symbols andcurrent flow explanations. Attach the new diode to the wire(s) using 60/40 rosin core solder. Use a beat sink (aluminum alligator clip) attachedacross the diode wire ends to protect the diode from excess heat. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for the soldering equipment you are using.

Step 6: Tape Diode to Harness

Tape the diode to the harness or connector using electrical tape. To prevent shorts to ground and water intrusion, completely cover all exposedwire and diode attachment points.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information

> Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Diode Replacement > Page 61

Riviera V6-3.8L SC VIN 1 (1995)

Install terminal(s) into the connector body if previously removed in Step 2.Step 5: Install Terminal(s)

Acceptable Diode Replacements

1 amp, 50 PIV 1 amp, 400 PIV

In the event (Peak Inverse Rating) diodes are unavailable, a universal diode with a rating can be used for thefollowing applications:^

A/C Compressor Clutch

^ ABS/4WAL (the ABS Diode on the Delco Moraine is hidden inside of an electrical connector under the carpet at the RH panel)

^ Wiper
^ Charging System (hidden in wire harness)
^ Parking Brake (vehicle with ABS)
^ Relays
^ Solenoids
^ Diesel Glow Plug Circuit

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Diode Replacement > Page 62

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsGeneral Information
OPEN CIRCUIT

An open circuit is an incomplete circuit. Power cannot reach the load or reach ground. If a circuit is open, active components do not energize.

SHORT CIRCUIT

A short circuit is an unwanted connection between one part of the circuit and either ground or another part of the circuit. A short circuit causes afuse to blow or a circuit breaker to open.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Diode Replacement > Page 63

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsHeated Oxygen Sensor (O2S) Repair

If the Heated Oxygen Sensor pigtail wiring, connector or terminal is damaged, the entire Oxygen Sensor Assembly must be replaced. Do not attempt torepair the wiring, connector or terminals. In order for the sensor to function properly, it must have provided to it a clean air reference. This clean airreference is obtained by way of the Oxygen Sensor signal and heater wires. Any attempt to repair the wires, connectors or terminals could result in theobstruction of the air reference and degraded Oxygen Sensor performance.
The following guidelines should be used when servicing the Heated Oxygen Sensor:

^

Do not apply contact cleaner or other materials to the sensor or vehicle harness connectors. These materials may get into the sensor causing poorperformance. Also the sensor pigtail and harness wires must not be damaged in such a way that the wires inside are exposed. This could provide apath for foreign materials to enter the sensor and cause performance problems.

^

Neither the sensor or vehicle lead wires should be bent sharply or kinked. Sharp bends, kinks, etc., could block the reference air path through thelead wire.

^

Do not remove or defeat the Oxygen Sensor ground wire (where applicable). Vehicles that utilize the ground wired sensor may rely on this groundas the only ground contact to the sensor. Removal of the ground wire will also cause poor engine performance.

^ To prevent damage due to water intrusion, be sure that the peripheral seal remains intact on the vehicle harness connector.

The Engine Harness may be repaired using Packard's Crimp and Splice Seals Terminal Repair Kit J 38125-A. Under no circumstances should repairs besoldered since this could result in the air reference being obstructed.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Repairing Connectors > General Information

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsGeneral Information

^

The following general repair procedures can be used to repair most types of connectors. The repair procedures are divided into three generalgroups: Push-to-Seat, Pull-to-Seat and Weather Pack(R).

^ Use the proper Pick(s) or Tool(s) that apply to the terminal.
^ The Terminal Repair Kit (J 38125-A) contains further information.

> Relays and Modules > Relays and Modules - Accessories and Optional Equipment > Retained Accessory Power <--> [Accessory Delay Module] > Component Information > Diagrams > Diagnostic Aids > Wire Repair

Procedures > Typical Electrical Repair Procedures > Repairing Connectors > General Information > Page 66

Retained Accessory Power: Diagnostic AidsPush-to-Seat and Pull-to-Seat Connectors

Typical Push-to-seat Connector And Terminal

Typical Pull-to-seat Connector And Terminal

Follow the steps below to repair Push-to-Seat or Pull-to-Seat connectors. The steps are illustrated with typical connectors. Your connector may differ,but the repair steps are similar. Some connectors do not require all the steps shown. Skip those that don't apply.

Remove any Connector Position Assurance Locks . CPAs are designed to retain connectors when mated.Step 1: (CPA)

Remove any Terminal Position Assurance Locks. TPAs are designed to keep the terminal from backing out of the connector.Step 2: (TPA)

The TPA must be removed prior to terminal removal and must be replaced when the terminal is repaired and reseated.NOTE:

Open any secondary locks. A secondary lock aids in terminal retention and is usually molded to the connector.Step 3: