Boca Pro16 Reference Manual

RACK

Reference

Guide

Product Code: PRO16RK: Boca PRO16 Rack Chassis PRO16RM: Boca PRO16 Rack Modem PRO16RC: Boca PRO16 Rack Controller PRO16RP: Boca PRO16 Rack Power Supply

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

T able of Contents

Introduction........................................................................... 8

How to Use This Guide............................................. 8

Conventions .............................................................. 10

Getting Started.................................................................... 1 2

Dialing ........................................................................ 1 2

Dial Modifiers .................................................... 13

Hanging Up........................................................ 15

Stored Number Dialing .................................... 15

Answering Calls ....................................................... 1 6

The AT Commands.................................................. 18

The Attention Code ........................................... 1 8

Multiple Commands......................................... 18

The Escape Sequence ........................................ 1 9

The Repeat Command ...................................... 20

Contents

The Help Command ......................................... 20

Response Codes................................................. 21

Testing .................................................................................. 21

The Test Timer.......................................................... 2 1

Terminating a Test - &T0 ........................................ 21

Local Analog Loopback Test - &T1....................... 21

Local Digital Loopback Test - &T3........................ 22

Grant RDL from Remote Modem - &T4 .............. 23

Deny RDL from Remote Modem - &T5 ............... 23

Remote Digital Loopback Test - &T6.................... 23

Remote Digital Loopback with Self Test - &T7... 25

Local Analog Loopback & Self Test - &T8 ........... 26

Error Correction .................................................................. 2 7

Error Correction Protocols ..................................... 27

Data Compression ................................................... 28

Reliable Mode ........................................................... 2 9

Auto-Reliable Mode ................................................. 2 9

Improving Performance with MNP 10 ................. 30

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Contents

Speed Changes................................................... 31

Cellular Modem Users ..................................... 31

Which Error Correction Do I Use?........................ 32

Increasing Data Throughput with

Error Correction & Data Compression .......... 33

Security & Encryption ....................................................... 35

The Security Menu ................................................... 35

Entering Security Password ............................ 36

Adding and Changing Users........................... 37

Removing Users ................................................ 37

Listing Existing Users....................................... 38

The Access Record ............................................ 38

Enabling Modem Security ............................... 39

Quitting the Menu............................................. 39

Callback Security...................................................... 40

Downloading the Security File........................ 41

Uploading the Security File ............................. 4 1

Encryption ................................................................. 42

SuperSecure Advanced Security Mode................ 43

Entering Key for Each User ............................. 4 4

Accessing a System Using SuperSecure ........ 45

Connection.......................................................... 45

Disconnection..................................................... 45

Enabling Rotating Secondary Keys ....................... 46

Symmetrical Operation ........................................... 4 7

Automatic Synchronization .................................... 47

Password Expiration Option.................................. 47

Entering in Remote Modem Database........... 47

Entering in Local Modem Database............... 48

Minimum Password Length............................ 48

Additional User Options ........................................ 48

Up/Downloading SuperSecure Database ........... 49

Security Database Lock Option ............................. 50

Outdial Disable Option ........................................... 50

Dial Stored Phone Numbers Only Option ........... 50

General Notes on Data Security ............................ 51

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes .......................................................... 52

Synchronous Operation .......................................... 5 2

Terminal Speeds ....................................................... 52

Line Speeds ............................................................... 53

Synchronous Mode 1 ............................................... 53

Selecting .............................................................. 5 4

Dialing................................................................. 54

Hanging Up........................................................ 55

Answering Calls ................................................ 55

Synchronous Mode 2 ............................................... 55

Selecting .............................................................. 5 6

Dialing................................................................. 56

Hanging Up........................................................ 57

Answering Calls ................................................ 57

Leased Line Operations .......................................... 5 7

Smart Leased Line Mode ................................. 58

Calling & Answering Using &L1.................... 5 9

Auto Leased Line Operation (&L2 or &L3) .. 5 9

Hanging Up........................................................ 59

Contents

Improving the Reliability of

Leased-Line Connections ............................ 60

Dumb Mode Operation .................................................... 61

Selecting Dumb Mode ............................................. 61

Setting up your Modem .......................................... 6 1

Selecting Communications Speeds ....................... 62

Hints for Unix Computers & Multiplexers.......... 6 2

Dialing in Dumb Mode ........................................... 63

Dialing with telephone handset ...................... 63

Using DTR to Dial ............................................. 64

Answering Calls in Dumb Mode........................... 65

Automatic Answering ...................................... 65

Manual Answering ........................................... 6 6

The Option Switches................................................ 67

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Contents

CCITT V.25bis Operations............................................... 69

Selecting V.25bis Operation ................................... 69

Overridden Settings.......................................... 70

V.25bis Commands .................................................. 70

Data Formats ............................................................ 71

V.25bis Indications................................................... 71

Dialing ........................................................................ 71

Dial Modifiers .................................................... 72

Hanging Up........................................................ 74

Stored Number Dialing .................................... 74

Direct Dialing..................................................... 7 4

Answering Calls ....................................................... 7 5

Selecting Speeds ....................................................... 76

Terminal Speeds ................................................ 76

Line Speeds ........................................................ 77

Modem Cable ........................................................... 77

Synchronous Character Encoding ......................... 77

Asynchronous Notes ............................................... 78

BSC Notes.................................................................. 7 8

HDLC Notes ............................................................. 78

Command Descriptions .................................................... 79

Alphabetical Command listing .............................. 7 9

Full Command Descriptions .................................. 82

V.25bis Commands ......................................... 164

S Registers........................................................................... 170

Introduction ............................................................ 170

Reading and Changing S Registers ..................... 170

S Register Settings and Modem Memory .......... 170

Alphabetical S Register Listing ............................ 173

Full S Register details ............................................ 174

Troubleshooting ............................................................... 201

Introduction ............................................................ 201

Some Problems and Solutions.............................. 201

Troubleshooting Flow Chart ................................ 205

Testing Your Modem............................................. 207

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Sample Setups .................................................................. 208

Asynchronous Mode ............................................. 208

Calling a BBS or EMail System ..................... 208

Using as an Auto-Answer Modem............... 209

Using your Modem with BBS Software ...... 210

Using Connected to UNIX Computer.......... 211

Using in Leased Line Mode........................... 212

Synchronous Mode ................................................ 2 13

Appendices ........................................................................ 214

Appendix A............................................................. 214

Modem Response Codes ....................................... 214

V.25bis Indications .......................................... 2 15

Appendix B ............................................................. 216

ASCII Table ............................................................. 216

Appendix C ............................................................. 217

RS-232 Signals ......................................................... 217

Contents

Glossary.............................................................................. 220

Index ................................................................................... 241

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Introduction

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the Boca PRO16 Reference Guide, a comprehensive guide to the efficient use of your modem.

Introduction

This reference manual provides all the information needed to make maximum use of your equipment and software.

How to Use This Guide

The Boca PRO16 Reference Guide is divided into the following sections:

Introduction

qProvides you with an easy-to-understand guide to what’s in this

manual and how you can make the most of the information.

Getting Started

qA complete description about how to get started using your equip-

ment, including basic details and more advanced topics.

Testing

qDetails each of the many tests you can carry out to determine the

working condition of your modem, the telephone line, or the remote modem.

Error Correction

qExamines and explains the error correction features, including V.42bis

data compression, of your equipment.

Security

qExamines and explains the data security and encryption features of

your equipment.

Synchronous & Dumb Modes

qFull details on how to use your modem for synchronous operations.

Dumb Mode

qProvides product specified information on Dumb Mode operation.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Introduction

V.25bis Operations

qDescribes how your modem implements V.25bis and how it interacts

with AT commands.

AT Commands

qProvides a complete description of all commands available in your

modem.

S Registers

qIntroduces you to S Registers and how to use them. qContains a description of the available S Registers.

Troubleshooting

qProvides basic guidelines for solving problems.

Introduction

Sample Setups

qProvides sample setups showing how commands can be combined.

Appendices

qThe appendices contain useful lists, as well as an ASCII table.

Glossary of Communications Terms

qProvides descriptions of modem, facsimile and other communications

terms.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Introduction

Conventions

Throughout this guide, we use certain symbols, type styles and conventions to help you. For example, you might find a line that looks like this:

Introduction

• Type: ATI9 <E> (that is ‘ATI9’ not ‘AT19’)

What you actually type appears in a special typeface:

ATI9

Whatever appears on your screen will also be displayed in this manual in this special typeface—for example: messages:

CONNECT

When we want you to press the ENTER key, we use a symbol: <E> (which means ‘and press ENTER’)

On some keyboards the ENTER key is labelled RETURN. You press RETURN or ENTER, as appropriate for your keyboard. The same is true for keyboards showing a symbol, rather than RETURN or ENTER.

RETURN = ENTER

In some cases where the <E> symbol might be confusing, we will tell you to ‘Press the ENTER key’.

When you see the bullet (•), it usually starts an action statement. We want you to take some specific action, such as:

• Switch your computer on

• Type:

ATI9 <E>

Note that we do not use a (.) full stop after an action statement. We do that to avoid confusion when you are asked to type commands and other information. When we list general information, we use a box (o), like this:

q How to begin dialing q Using MNP for error-free communication

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Introduction

When we have special information we want you to take NOTE of, we use a pointing finger (

F), like this:

F Before proceeding, complete both copies of the Warranty

form.

Information we want you to pay special attention to is placed in a WARNING box, like this:

WARNING: Regulations require that the modem, when operating in originate mode, waits no longer than 30 seconds for a carrier to be detected from a remote modem

DEFAULTS are settings which are preset in the factory. Default settings are indicated in this guide by the symbol:

Introduction

For example, if the default was AT&G0 in this list:

n AT&G0 Do not generate guard tones

AT&G1 Generate Guard tones of 550Hz AT&G2 Generate Guard tones of 1800Hz

There is a Glossary at the back of this Reference Guide to assist you with unfamiliar words.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

E e

P c

Getting Started

GETTING ST ARTED

Dialing

The AT commands may be used to initiate dialing with the modem. Your modem does not require a telephone handset to be connected to it in order to dial.

Asynchronous

ocal Command State

Getting Started

ATO

TD issued

hone # busy or

onnection failed

onnection established

Asynchronous

On-line State

scape sequence

ntered (+++)

ocal Command State

TH issued

arrier lost or

ang Up

TR lowered (&D2)

The D (Dial) command is used to initiate a telephone call. The most basic form of the D command is:

where the number is the telephone number you are dialing. Having set your communications software for 2400 bps operation:

• Type:

Your modem will begin to dial.

ATD NUMBER

ATD01234 <E>

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

FIf your modem receives a character from your computer while dialing

is being performed, it will immediately hang up, send a NO CARRIER response message to the computer and return to local command state.

After a few seconds the message CONNECT will appear on the screen.

If a NO CARRIER message appears, then your modem has not been able to make a connection. Check your communications software is set for 2400 bps operation and your modem is correctly connected to your computer and the telephone line. You may use the A/ command to redial.

To hang up the modem, enter an escape sequence (+++). The modem will respond with an OK message.

• Type:

ATH <E>

The modem will hang up.

FYour computer must assert the DTR signal before dialing can start.

Usually, this is done by your communications software. If the DTR signal is lowered at any stage of communications, after the &D2 command has been issued, the modem will hang up and return to local command state. Interpretation of the DTR signal may be changed with the &D command.

Getting Started

Dial Modifiers

Dial modifiers are characters than can be included in a phone number to make the modem perform special tasks while dialing.

For example, not all modem users will be using a dedicated telephone line. Some users will have their modems connected to PBXs. To allow users of PBXs to operate their modems successfully, dial modifiers are supported on the modem.

Most PBXs require you to dial 0 or 9 (in order to obtain an outside line) and wait for a dial tone before dialing the actual phone number.

Using dial modifiers, you can successfully dial the phone number 12345 through a PBX using the command:

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

ATD0,12345

Getting Started

The , (comma) dial modifier causes the modem to pause for a short time after dialing 0. This allows most PBXs sufficient time to obtain a line before dialing.

The factory default delay for the , modifier is two seconds. You may change the length of this delay if necessary. Its length is determined by the value in S Register 8.

Another method of making the modem wait for a dial tone is to include the W dial modifier. The W modifier causes the modem to examine the phone line to ensure a dial tone has been applied before dialing starts:

Getting Started

ATD0W12345

If the modem cannot detect a dial tone within the time specified by S Register 7, the modem will return to local command state and send a NO DIALTONE message to the computer (if either the X2, X4, or X5 commands have been issued).

Due to differences with some older telephone exchanges, dial tone detection may not be possible with your modem. Your modem will only recognize dial tones between 200 Hz and 600 Hz.

If your telephone line supports tone dialing then a useful dial modifier is the T modifier. Inserting a T modifier before the number you are dialing causes the modem to tone dial that number. For example:

ATDT12345

This will cause the modem to dial the phone number 12345.

The modem also supports a P dial modifier which allows it to pulse dial. These modifiers may be placed at any point in the number you are dialing and they may be intermingled in the same number.

For example, your telephone line may be connected to a PBX that supports tone dialing internally, but only pulse dialing externally. You could overcome this problem by using the T and P dial modifiers in the following way:

The modem tone dials 0 to request an external line, waits for the PBX to obtain the line and then pulse dials 12345.

ATDT0,P12345

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

any doubt, use pulse dialing. The modem will automatically pulse dial if you have not previously included either the T or P modifiers in your phone numbers. Exchanges that support tone dialing generally support pulse dialing as well.

More information about dial modifiers can be found in the Command Descriptions chapter of this guide.

FPulse dialing may not be supported in New Zealand. Refer to your

Installation Guide for details.

Hanging Up

Getting Started

The H command is used to hang up the modem. After you have finished communicating with another computer you must hang up your modem. Similarly, you must hang up the phone after calling another person. If you don’t, no one will be able to call you and you may even be charged for the length of time the phone was off the hook.

To hang up your modem:

• Type:

ATH <E>

The modem will return an OK response message.

Stored Number Dialing

Your modem has the ability to store phone numbers which may be dialed at a later time. This is similar to ‘abbreviated dialing’, which may be supported by your telephone.

To store a phone number use the &Z command. For example:

• Type:

AT&Z1=012345 <E>

The phone number 012345 will be stored as phone number one.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

D l (

E e

C f

Getting Started

The S dial modifier is used to dial a phone number that has been stored in your modem:

• Type:

ATDS=1 <E>

The modem will dial stored phone number one.

FDo not include an AT , D command, or S dial modifier in the stored

phone number. If synchronous mode 2 is being used, the (semi-colon) dial modifier should not be included.

Answering Calls

Getting Started

As well as dialing other modems, your modem can answer calls made to it by other modems.

Asynchronous

ocal Command State

ATA or

ncoming call

onnection

ailed

onnection established

Asynchronous

On-line State

scape sequence

ntered (+++)

ocal Command State

ATO

lost or

owered &D2)

arrier

TH issued

ang Up

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

Your modem is pre-configured to automatically answer any incoming call, provided it is switched on, is in local command state, DTR is high and is not performing a test. If you receive a call on the phone line the modem is connected to, it will answer the call and attempt to connect to the calling modem.

S Register 0 contains the number of rings the modem will wait before answering a call. If a value of 4 is placed in S Register 0, the modem will

answer an incoming call immediately after the fourth ring. If a 0 value is placed in S Register 0, the modem will not answer an incoming call.

The communications standard used by the modem in its attempt to connect with a calling modem is determined by the B command.

If the phone does ring, and verbal response codes are selected (ATV1), the modem will issue RING messages until the number of rings stored in S Register 0 is reached. The modem will then go on line, transmit an answer tone, and attempt to connect to the calling modem using the communications standard selected by the B command.

By default the modem is set to B0. B0 is the auto range setting. This should connect to virtually all communications standards and normally you do not have to alter this.

Getting Started

As soon as a connection is established, the modem will send a CONNECT message to your computer and enter on-line state in answer mode.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

The AT Commands

The AT commands are a group of special commands recognized by your modem. These commands derive their name from the letters AT, which are used to prefix commands. Before continuing:

• Run your communications software and enter local mode (or terminal mode) at 2400 bps Refer to your communication software manual for details.

The Attention Code

Getting Started

An AT (sometimes known as the ATtention code) usually precedes all commands being sent to the modem. It is used to gain the modem’s attention, informing it that you are about to send a command. For example:

• Type the command:

ATI9 <E>

Your modem’s firmware identity message will appear on your computer screen. If you type I9 only, your modem will not respond. If you type AT19, your modem will report an ERROR.

You may enter the attention code in all upper case, or all lower case letters, such as: AT or at

Multiple Commands

You may place multiple modem commands after an AT provided the total number of characters does not exceed 80. For example, a valid command to display the modem’s firmware identity twice is:

• Type in the command:

ATI9I9 <E>

An AT is not required in front of the second I9 command. You only need one attention code for each command line. To make this command more readable, you can add spaces between the two commands:

• Type in the command:

The modem will execute the command as if the spaces are not there.

AT I9 I9 <E>

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

The Escape Sequence

When you issue commands to the modem all dialogue is occurring between your computer and the modem. This situation is known as local command state.

When you connect to a remote system, dialogue will be occurring between your computer and the remote system. This is known as on-line state. Because the modem assumes, after it enters on-line state, all the data you send it is to be sent on to the remote modem, it ignores any AT commands you give it while in on-line state.

To force the modem to return to local command state, enter an escape sequence. An escape sequence consists of a one second delay, three + characters typed rapidly and another one second delay. For example:

• Type:

AT&T1 <E>

Getting Started

The modem will enter on-line state (this command actually causes the modem to enter test mode, but is equivalent to entering on-line state).

Now try to view the modem’s firmware identity code:

• Type:

ATI9 <E>

Your command will be ignored. This is because the modem assumes you are typing characters to be sent to a remote system.

Now enter an escape sequence. Do not type any characters for one second, type +++ rapidly and wait another full second. The modem will respond with an OK message to indicate it has returned to local command state. You will be able to view the modem’s firmware identity.

Before continuing:

• Type:

AT&T0 <E>

This command is used to halt the test.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Getting Started

The Repeat Command

The repeat command is used to re-execute the last command issued to the modem. Issue the ATI9 command and the modem’s firmware identity code will be displayed on the screen.

•Type:

The identity code will appear again.

You don’t have to enter AT before the repeat command. You also do not have to press the ENTER key. This is the only modem command which does not require you to enter AT before it, and one of the few commands which does not require you to press the ENTER key. The A/ command is intended primarily for re-dialing a telephone number that was previously engaged.

The Help Command

Your modem will display information about the AT commands it

Testing

supports if you type a question mark (?) in your AT command. For example:

• Type:

AT? <E>

Your modem will display a list of all the commands it supports.

• Type:

AT?DTR <E>

Your modem will display a summary of commands involving DTR.

• Type:

AT?\N3%C2&D2 <E>

Your modem will display summaries of the \N, %C and &D commands.

Response Codes

Your modem is capable of telling you, with on screen messages, what it is doing. These messages are known response codes or result codes, and you will see them from time to time.

For example: After a command is successfully executed, the response is: OK After a connection is established, the response is: CONNECT

A complete list of Response Codes can be found in Appendix A.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Transmitter

Computer

Modem

Testing

TESTING

Your modem has in-built test facilities that allow you to determine whether you are experiencing a failure of either the modem, the telephone line or the remote modem. The modem’s AA (Auto-Answer) LED will flash whenever a test is being performed.

The Test Timer

The modem has a test timer which provides for the automatic termination of tests. S Register 18 allows you to specify the maximum length of time of any of the five tests available with the modem. The test timer may be set between 1 and 255 seconds or disabled by selecting zero seconds (the default).

If the test timer is disabled, tests must be terminated by issuing the &T0 command.

Testing

Terminating a Test: &T0

The &T0 command is used to terminate any of the tests supported by the modem. If the modem is performing a test and you wish to terminate it:

• Type: AT&T0 <E> The modem will respond with OK, indicating that testing has been halted.

Local Analog Loopback Test: &T1

The Local Analog Loopback test checks the flow of data between your computer and the modem. With this test, the modem loops back any characters you type at the keyboard.

eceiver

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Local Analog Loopback Test

Remote

RDR

Modem

Remote Modem

Testing

FDo not start this test while you are connected to a remote modem.

The local analog loopback test will cause the modem to hang up.

To start the local analog loopback test:

• Type: AT\N0 <E> This disables error correction.

•Type: AT&T1 <E>

• Type a few sentences Your screen should display what you are typing. If your modem passes the test:

• Type an escape sequence You will be returned to local command state. Terminate the test by:

• Type: AT&T0 <E>

• Type: AT\N3 <E>

If you have set the test timer, the test will be terminate automatically. An OK message will appear as soon as the timer expires.

FIf your modem does not pass this test — the message was corrupted

Testing

or there was no response from the modem at all — contact your dealer for assistance.

Local Digital Loopback Test: &T3

The local digital loopback test (LDL) allows a remote modem to test its operation. This provides testing of modems which do not support the local analog loopback or remote digital loopback tests.

FThis test is not available when V.21, V.23, V.32, Bell 103 or Bell

212A communication is selected. Error correction must be switched off prior to starting the test.

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ransmitter

ompute

ransmitter

eceiver

Local Digital Loopback Test

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Testing

To start an LDL test:

• Type: AT\N0 <E>

• Type: AT&T3 <E> The operator of the remote computer should now type a few sentences to show that the modem is operating correctly. When the remote operator has completed the test, the test may be terminated by:

• Type: AT&T0 <E>

• Type: AT\N3 <E> An OK message will appear.

If you have set the test timer, the test will be automatically terminated and an OK message will appear when the timer expires.

FThe remote modem cannot terminate a local digital loopback

test. The test may only be terminated by the modem which initiated it.

Testing

Grant RDL from Remote Modem: &T4

The &T4 command configures your modem so it will grant an RDL test if requested by a remote modem. This is the factory default setting.

Deny RDL from Remote Modem: &T5

The &T5 command configures your modem so it will prevent a remote modem from starting an RDL test. If you request an RDL and the &T5 command has been issued to the remote modem, your modem will return to on-line state without commencing an RDL test.

Remote Digital Loopback Test: &T6

The Remote Digital Loopback test (RDL) is similar in function to the local analog loopback test, except that it tests your modem, the remote modem and the telephone line. If your modem can successfully complete a local analog loopback test, you can be sure that it is not at fault.

FThis test is not available when V.21, V.23, V.32, Bell 103 or Bell 212A

communication is selected. Error correction must be switched off prior to starting the test.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Computer

Modem

Remote Modem

Testing

Remote Digital Loopback Test

ransmitter

eceiver

ransmitter

To start an RDL you must be connected to a remote system that also supports RDL testing.

The modem’s test modes do not work if error correction is switched on. Prior to connecting to the remote modem, you must disable error correction:

• Type: AT\N0 <E>

Testing

Once you have connected to the remote modem:

• Type: +++

• Type: AT&T6 <E>

• Type a few sentences to check that the remote modem is both receiving

and transmitting the characters correctly. Your screen should display what is being typed. To terminate the test:

• Type an escape sequence

The test will be terminated and you will be returned to local command state.

• Type: AT&T0 <E>

An OK message will appear.

If you have set the test timer, the test will be automatically terminate, and an OK message will appear when the timer expires.

FIf only a few characters are corrupted, you can probably blame

telephone line noise. If the majority of the test you are receiving is corrupted, either the remote system or your modem is to blame. Perform a local analog loopback test to check the operation of your modem.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Testing

Remote Digital Loopback With Self Test: &T7

The remote digital loopback and self test is similar to a remote digital loopback, except the modem performs all the testing for you.

FThis test is not available when V.21, V.23, V.32, Bell 103 or Bell 212A

communication is selected. Error correction must be switched off prior to starting the test.

emote Modem

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ransmitter

omputer

odem

Message

Injector

Error ounter

ransmitter

eceiver

Remote Digital Loopback & Self Test

To begin an RDL with self test, you must be connected to a remote system that supports RDL testing.

The modem’s test modes do not work if correction is switched on. Prior to connecting to the remote modem, you must disable error correction:

• Type: AT\N0 <E>

Once you have connected to the remote modem:

• Type: +++

•Type: AT&T7 <E> Your modem will begin to send a defined data pattern to the remote system, which will loop the data back to your modem. To terminate the rest:

• Type: +++

• Type: AT&T0 <E>

• Type: AT\N3 <E> The number of errors detected by the modem will be displayed. An error count of 255 indicates that 255 or more errors occurred during the test.

Testing

If you have set the test timer, the test will be automatically terminated, and an OK message will appear when the timer expires.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Computer

Modem

Testing

Local Analog Loopback & Self Test: &T8

The local analog loopback and self test is similar to the local analog loopback except the modem performs all the testing for you.

To start this test:

• Type: AT\N0 <E>

•Type: AT&T8 <E>

Your modem will begin to loopback a defined data pattern. To terminate the test:

• Type: AT&T0 <E>

Error

• Type: AT\N3 <E>

Correction

The number of errors detected by the modem will be displayed. An error count of 255 indicates that 255 or more errors occurred during the test.

Message

Injector

Local Analog Loopback & Self Test

Error ounte

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If you have set the test timer, the test will be automatically terminated, and an OK message will appear when the timer expires.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

ERROR CORRECTION

Error Correction Protocols

This section examines the error correction and data compression features of your modem. The modem offers both V.42 (LAP-M) and

MNP These protocols allow data errors to be detected by the receiving modem, provide flow control between remote systems and improve the overall throughput of data transfers.

Your modem also supports V.42bis and MNP5 data compression. V.42bis is a high performance data compression enabling you to speed up, theoretically by four times, data throughput on some types of data. MNP5 allows you to speed up data throughput by up to two times on some types of data.

(Microcom Networking Protocol™) error correction protocols.

Two types of error correction protocols are offered by your modem; V.42 (or LAP-M) and MNP.

FError correction protocols are not available when a V.23 connection

is established.

V.42 is an international standard for error correction between modems. V.42 ensures any errors introduced into your data by telephone line noise is automatically corrected before it is received by your computer. Because V.42 is a CCITT standard, it has become very popular in modems all over the world. V.42 also supports a fallback mode to MNP, in order to remain compatible with modems introduced prior to V.42.

Before V.42 existed, MNP was the de-facto standard for modem error correction. MNP classes 2-4 are supported by your modem for errorcorrection (an additional class of MNP is supported for data compression). Because MNP is a far less complex error correction protocol than V.42, it outperforms V.42. The section titled “Which Error Correction Do I Use?” provides more information about the performance and compatibility merits of V.42 and MNP.

Correction

Error

The \N command is used to select the type of error correction used by your modem.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

Data Compression

Two forms of data compression are supported by your modem; V.42bis and MNP 5.

V.42bis is based on the Lempel-Ziv compression technique (similar to the techniques used by PC compression programs) and can work with both V.42 and MNP. V.42bis is very good at compressing data that has repetitions of sequences of characters. For example, in an English sentence there are usually repetitions of ‘ions’ or ‘ings’ or ‘ere’; V.42bis works by creating a library of these repetitions and substituting small symbols for them. V.42bis is also able to switch off data compression if the type of data being sent is unsuitable for compression.

MNP 5 is MNP’s stable-mate; it uses ‘run length encoding’ and a variation of the Huffman compression technique. It can double your data throughput on some types of data and MNP 5 works best when there are lots of characters repeated in sequence or a particular character repeated. For example, if you have a file which contained 50 zero characters in sequence MNP 5 will do a good job of compressing them (in some instances, better than V.42bis) – this is run length encoding. Or, if you had a text file where every second character was an ‘i’ and the other characters were random, MNP 5 would again outperform V.42bis (in this instance, Huffman coding provides superior compression). However, MNP 5 does not employ V.42bis’ automatic switching techniques.

Error

If the data you are sending is not suitable for compression (for example,

Correction

an application file or a graphics file), it can actually take longer to send than if data compression was not being used.

For this reason, it is best to use V.42bis whenever possible. If the modem you connect to does not support V.42bis, it is best not to use MNP 5 unless you are only transferring plain text information. If possible, use one of the many popular data compression programs available for computers to compress applications, graphics and other non-text files.

The %C command is used to select the type of data correction used by your modem.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

Reliable Mode

Reliable mode allows the modem to use error correction to connect to another modem. If the modem you attempt to connect to does not support a compatible method of error correction, your modem will hang up and return a NO CARRIER message.

Use \N6 to select V.42/MNP reliable mode, \N4 to select V.42-only reliable mode or \N2 to select MNP-only reliable mode.

Auto-Reliable Mode

Auto-reliable mode allows your modem to use V.42 or MNP if the remote modem also supports these. If the remote modem does not support a compatible type of error correction, your modem will fallback to either constant speed or variable speed mode.

FThe \J command determines whether your modem falls back to

constant speed or variable speed mode.

\N3 selects V.42/MNP auto-reliable mode and \N5 selects V.42-only auto-reliable mode. Your modem supports special CONNECT messages for connections made with either reliable or auto-reliable modes. When the AT\V1 command is issued and your modem connects in either reliable or auto-reliable mode, one of the following messages will be sent to your computer.

NUM/VERBAL 20 CONNECT/REL 300bps connection with error correction 22 CONNECT 1200/REL 1200 bps connection with error correction 23 CONNECT 2400/REL 2400 bps connection with error correction 24 CONNECT 4800/REL 4800 bps connection with error correction 25 CONNECT 9600/REL 9600 bps connection with error correction 26 CONNECT 12000/REL 12000 bps connection with error correction 27 CONNECT 14400/REL 14400 bps connection with error correction 28 CONNECT 7200/REL 7200 bps connection with error correction 43 CONNECT 16800/REL 16,800 bps connection with error correction 44 CONNECT 19200/REL 19,200 bps connection with error correction 45 CONNECT 21600/REL 21,600 bps connection with error correction 46 CONNECT 24000/REL 24,000 bps connection with error correction 47 CONNECT 26400/REL 26,400 bps connection with error correction 48 CONNECT 28800/REL 28,800 bps connection with error correction 49 CONNECT 38400/REL 38,400 bps connection with error correction 50 CONNECT 57600/REL 57,600 bps connection with error correction 70 CONNECT 76800/REL 76,800 bps connection with error correction 71 CONNECT 96000/REL 96,000 bps connection with error correction 72 CONNECT 115200/REL 115,200 bps connection with error correction 73 CONNECT 230400/REL 230,400 bps connection with error correction

Correction

Error

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

F The PRO16RK modem supports eight special connect messages 20

to 28.

When the AT\V0 command is issued (default), your modem will generate standard CONNECT messages for both normal and errorcorrected connections. If the X0 command has been issued, the CONNECT/REL will be the only ‘error correction’ response code generated, regardless of the connection speed.

FIssue the %U1 command if you want your modem to issue CON-

NECT/LAP-M response codes when a V.42 connection is established.

The \V8 command will display details of the error correction and data compression negotiated with the remote modem. This information is displayed immediately before the CONNECT message.

The \V9 command will display details of the error correction and data compression negotiated with the remote modem as well as diagnostic information. This information is displayed immediately before the CONNECT message.

Improving Performance with MNP 10

MNP 10 is neither an error correction or data compression technique. MNP 10 works in conjunction with error correction and data compres-

Error

sion to improve the performance of your modem when operating with

Correction

poor or varying quality telephone lines (as sometimes found with overseas or cellular telephone connections).

With MNP 10 operating, your modem can automatically resize the MNP packets, depending upon the line quality. When an MNP connection is established, data is transferred in small ‘chunks’ known as packets. When the line quality drops, MNP 10 reduces the size of packets being transferred in order to maintain data throughput. MNP 10 will increase the packet size to take advantage of improved line quality.

If the line quality becomes very good or very bad, MNP 10 can automatically step between line speeds. MNP 10 attempts to use the highest speed applicable to the quality of the telephone connection. If the telephone line quality drops while you are connected to another MNP 10 modem, thus introducing errors into your data, and the smallest packet size is being used, the modems will ‘step-down’ in speed until the error rate

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

become acceptable. Similarly, if the line quality improves and the modems are using the largest packet sizes, the modems will ‘step-up’ in speed until the best compromise of error rate and line speed is found.

MNP 10 will also make multiple attempts at establishing an errorcorrected connection to another modem (more so than MNP 2-4). This gives you a better chance of making a connection when operating with poor line quality. If the telephone line drops out, MNP 10 will attempt to reconnect up to the maximum time permitted by your country’s telecommunications rules. Thus, if there is a short line drop-out, MNP 10 will provide minimal interruption whereas other modems will disconnect entirely.

MNP is the only type of error correction allowed with MNP 10 and is only available when connected to another modem that supports MNP

10. The #K command is used to select MNP 10.

Speed Changes

Although MNP 10 is able to cope with bad telephone connections, your modem must be able to first make a connection with another modem before it can make use of MNP 10. For this reason you may wish to use the AT%H1 command to force your modem to connect at 1200 bps and then ‘upshift’. Most telephone lines will cope with V.32 or V.32bis connections, however connecting at 1200 bps will ensure you make a connection. You may also use the J dial modifier to force your modem to make the initial MNP 10 connection at 1200 bps.

When MNP 10 changes line speed (either up or down) there will be a slight interruption to your communications. For this reason you should always use flow control to ensure data is not lost when MNP 10 changes line speed.

If you wish to establish the connection prior to MNP 10 upshifting or downshifting, issue the %H9 command. This allows you to use the connection before MNP 10 attempts to change the connection speed.

Correction

Error

Cellular Modem Users

If you are making modem calls with a cellular phone, issue the AT#K2 command. This tells MNP 10 to try even harder to maintain the connection if your cellular call momentarily drops out.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

AAAA

Error Correction

Which Error Correction Do I Use?

Your modem supports the following combinations of error correction and data compression.

Data Compression

V.42bis

MNP 5

Extended Services

Error Correction

V.42 MNP 2-4

With such a choice, you may be wondering which combination you should be using. The table below shows the relative performance of each combination of error connection and data compression.

AAA

AAAA

AAA

AAAA

Error

Correction

MNP 2-4 & MNP 5

MNP 2-4 & V.42bis

MNP 2-4

V.42

V.42 & V.42bis

AAA

AAAA

MNP 10

AAAA

AAA

AAAA

AAA

AAAA

AAA

AAAA

AAA

If you are connecting to various makes and models of modems, V.42/ V.42bis auto-reliable mode is probably the best alternative (AT\N3%C2). V.42/V.42bis auto-reliable mode will also connect to another modem that supports MNP with V.42bis data compression. For overseas or cellular connections, use MNP 10 if possible (AT\N3%C2#K1).

Good Better Best

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

RD OH CDAA12

Error Correction

Increasing Data Throughput with Error Correction and Data Compression

Data throughput refers to the amount of data being transferred. Error correction and data compression allow you to increase data throughput in comparison to if error correction and data compression were not selected.

To allow error correction and data compression to operate with the highest possible throughput, the terminal speed of your modem (the speed it communicates with your computer) must be higher than the line speed (the speed it communicates with the remote modem).

The best way to operate with error correction and data compression is to set your modem for a constant speed of 19,200 bps, 38,400 bps or higher (set the terminal speed of your computer to 19,200 bps, 38,400 bps or higher and issue the command AT\N3 to the modem) with flow control. RTS/CTS flow control is the preferred form of flow control. Your communications software must also be set to use the same type of flow control.

Your Computer

Modem

38400bps or 19200 bps with flow control

A typical setup to allow maximum throughput with a V.32 or V.32bis modem. Command = ATB0\N3%C3 (or %C1) X4\V1&K3 (or &K4).

9600bps

In addition to the information in the Modem Reference Guide, the following details are applicable specifically to the ProRack Modem.

The PRO16RK modem supports eight special CONNECT messages for connections made with either reliable or auto-reliable modes.

Correction

Error

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Error Correction

NUMERIC VERBAL

20 CONNECT/REL 22 CONNECT 1200/REL 23 CONNECT 2400/REL 24 CONNECT 4800/REL 25 CONNECT 9600/REL 26 CONNECT 12000/REL 27 CONNECT 14400/REL 28 CONNECT 7200/REL

FSome computers cannot cope with receiving data at speeds above

19,200 bps. If you wish to run at high speeds, you should install a COM port that has a 16550 chip in place of your regular COM port. The 16550 chip allows your computer to accept data at very high speeds.

Error

Correction

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

SECURITY AND ENCRYPTION

Your modem has many sophisticated security features. They are discussed in this section. Your modem limits caller access by means of user names and passwords. User names and passwords are stored in the modem’s non-volatile memory.

The amount of memory your modem has reserved for this function depends on the model. The PRO16RK modems have 20Kbytes while other models have 1.2Kbytes. With typical length user names, passwords and commands over 600 users can be saved in 20Kbytes (40 in

1.2Kbytes)

With each user name and password a modem command of up to 30 characters may be specified. This allows the implementation of callback to users. Callback is where the modem rings a specified phone number. Even if an unauthorized caller manages to break the modem’s security, that caller must be connected to the phone number specified in the remote modem’s database.

Also discussed in this section is the topic of DES (Data Encryption Standard) encryption, which allows you to encrypt data being passed to a remote modem.

Only use a reliable error correction mode when using DES encryption. This will ensure you will only establish encrypted connections. Refer to the \N command (in the Commands sections of this guide) for details of the reliable error correction modes supported by your modem.

The Security Menu

All additions and changes to your modem’s user and password lists are performed through the Security Menu. This menu is displayed when you use the #S command.

• Type: AT#S <E> A prompt will appear: Enter Security Password: When you first receive your modem, all passwords will be set as a single ENTER.

•Press the ENTER key The Security Menu will be displayed:

Encryption

Security &

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Entering a Security Password

You may choose to have a dedicated security password, thus changing the password assigned for the first security user. To enter a new security password:

• Select Option 8 from the Security Menu <E> You will be prompted to enter a new security password. Your modem is case insensitive. Up to 8 characters may be used, including spaces.

Security &

Encryption

When you enter your password, each character will appear on the screen as a # character.

• Type in your new password <E> You will be prompted to re-enter the new security password.

• Type in your new password again <E> Your new password will be stored in your modem’s non-volatile memory.

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Security and Encryption

Adding and Changing Users

Your modem allows you to add new users and change existing users. Selecting option 2 on the Security Menu will result in a prompt: Enter Name: To add a new user:

• Type in the name of the new user <E> User names must not be longer than 30 characters. They are case insensitive. To change an existing user:

• Type in the name of the user you wish to change <E> You will be prompted to enter a new name.

• Type in the new name <E>

• If the user is found you will be given the option to change the password, delete the user or zero his access counters.

If you are adding a new user or changing a user, you will be prompted for a new Password (maximum characters = 15).

The modem will now prompt you to enter a modem command. Modem commands consist of up to 30 characters and may include spaces. When you enter a new command, the previous command will be overwritten.

FDo not include an Attention Code (AT) with your command. Your

modem automatically places an AT at the start of this command when it is executed.

If you do not want to specify a modem command or want to leave the current command as it is:

•Press ENTER If you want to remove the existing command but do not wish to replace it with another command:

•Press the Spacebar <E>

See details on Callback Security later in this section for more information about using commands with your user names.

Encryption

Security &

Removing Users

Your modem allows you to remove individual users or all the users currently stored in your modem. To remove an individual user:

• Select option 2 from the Security Menu You will be prompted to enter a new user name.

• Type in the name of the user you wish to delete <E>

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

If the user is found, select the ‘D’ option to delete.

To delete all the users stored in your modem:

• Select option 3 from the Security Menu

You will be prompted to confirm that you wish to remove all user names, passwords and commands

• Press Y <E>

Listing Existing Users

To list all user names, and commands.

• Select option 1 from the Security Menu <E>

Your modem will list the user names. Passwords are never displayed.

FYour computer must be capable of displaying at least 80 characters

per line for the user list to be displayed in its correct format.

The Access Record

Selecting option 4 and option 5 from the Security Menu allows you to view and change the access records. Your modem keeps a tally of the number of successful (granted) and unsuccessful (denied) attempts to connect to your modem using each user name.

Your modem allows every caller three attempts to enter the correct user name and password. If the caller cannot correctly enter the password, a record is made by your modem that an unsuccessful attempt has been made to use that particular user name.

If the number of unsuccessful calls for any user name reaches 255, that user name will be locked and callers will no longer be able to use it, even if the correct password is used. You will not be able to use that particular user name until the access record for all users has been reset.

Security &

If, however, the caller does correctly enter the password, your modem

Encryption

records that a successful attempt was made to connect with that user name.

You should regularly check the number of successful and unsuccessful attempts to connect to your modem.

• Select option 4 to view the access record <E>

An unusually high number of unsuccessful attempts to connect with a particular user name may indicate someone is trying to violate your modem’s security.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Over a period of many months one of the security users may legitimately accumulate 255 errors, in which case, your modem will automatically lock that user. If this occurs, select option 2, enter the user’s name and select the Z option to clear his access record. Each attempted access with an unknown name increments the ‘Invalid Usernames Received’ count at the top of the list.

Enabling Modem Security

Selecting option 6 or option 7 allows you to disable or enable your modem’s security mode. With security mode enabled, whenever your modem answers an incoming call it will demand the caller enter a user name and password — the following message will appear on the caller’s computer screen: Enter Name:

If only one of the modems is configured to use error correction, there will be a slight delay between the time the modems connect and when the caller is asked to enter his user name.

When the caller enters his name all characters will be displayed as # characters. The caller is allowed three attempts to correctly enter his name. Your modem is not case sensitive to user names.

If the caller enters a valid user name, your modem will ask the caller to enter the password associated with that user name. Enter Password:

If the caller enters his password correctly, your modem will send the message ACCESS GRANTED and the caller will have access to the computer connected to your modem.

If the caller cannot, within three attempts, enter the correct user name and password, your modem will send the message ACCESS DENIED and will hang up.

Encryption

Security &

Quitting the Menu

The Quit Security Menu option allows you to return to local command state from the security menu.

• Press 0 <E> Your modem will issue an OK message. You will be returned to local command state.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Callback Security

As mentioned earlier, your modem allows you to specify a modem command with every user name and password. This feature allows you to implement modem callback. Callback means that after a caller has successfully connected, your modem will hang up and then dial the caller.

Even if an unauthorized caller successfully connects to your modem, that caller will have to be using the phone line which your modem is going to call back.

Three commands are required to implement callback. First, you must hang up your modem with a H command.

Before your modem can call the caller back, it must wait for the caller’s modem to hang up and return to local command state. S Register 27 contains a value representing the number of seconds your modem will wait before commencing dialing. The default value for this register is 0 — your modem will begin to dial as soon as it receives a dial command.

It is necessary, therefore, to place another value in S Register 27 to allow the caller’s modem sufficient time to hang up before your modem begins to dial. A 30-second delay should be sufficient time to allow most modems to hang up, so place an S27=30 in the command.

Using a 30-second delay means the telephone exchange, in most cases, will disconnect the call. This ensures unauthorized callers cannot ‘fool’ callback security by not hanging up after your modem hangs up. Alternatively, contact your telephone company — some telephone companies offer an automatic disconnect facility, which assumes a caller cannot remain off-hook after the modem has hung up.

Security &

Place a D command and the caller’s phone number in the command.

Encryption

Assuming the caller’s phone number is 1234567, you will now have a command which looks like this:

After the user has called back and has completed the call, your modem will hang up, automatically issue an ATZ command to restore all the stored settings and return to local command state, ready to answer incoming calls.

H S27=95 D1234567

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

FUK Modems. Telephone exchanges in the UK may not hangup after

30 seconds. Consult the supplier of your telephone line for a possible solution.

FIf security is enabled, the answering modem will not assert DCD or

DSR until a valid user name and password are received. If \Q5 is selected, CTS will not be asserted until a valid user name and password are received.

Downloading the Security File

Selecting option ‘D’ from the security menu will enable a dump of the security database to your computer for storage or editing. You will be asked to type ‘Y’ to start the download.

The file format is: “<user name>”, “<password>”, “<command>”, nnn, mmm CR LF where nnn and mmm are the 3 digit Granted and Denied Access Counts and CR and LF are Carriage Return and Line Feed. The last entry has only a CR LF

Example: “FRED”, “NURK”, “HS27=30DT3277502”, 000, 000 is a valid entry.

FThe download will take place at the current terminal speed.

No flow control is acknowledged. If your computer cannot accept the file at the current data rate exit security and autobaud to a lower speed.

Uploading the Security File

Selecting option ‘U’ from the security menu will enable a security file in the format described under the Download command to be uploaded into the modem.

You will first be warned that your existing database will be overwritten and then told to start uploading the file.

When the upload is finished the modem will return to the security menu.

The upload will take place at the current terminal speed. The modem can accept data at 115Kbps.

Encryption

Security &

FIf the data is not in the correct format, the file can be corrupted, so edit

with care and always keep a copy of the unmodified download file.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Encryption

Your modem supports Data Encryption Standard (DES) encryption. DES encryption allows you to encrypt data being passed to a remote modem. The remote modem must support Cipher Feedback (or CFB) DES encryption in order to decrypt the data sent from your modem.

The #E1 command is used to select DES encryption.

The modem requires you to enter an encryption Key and an Initial Value. These are two 16-character hexadecimal numbers. Both the Key and Initial Value are specified by the user, making the encrypted data virtually impossible to decrypt without access to the Key and Initial Value.

Both modems must have DES encryption and error correction selected and must use the same encryption Key and the same Initial Value.

WARNING

Only use a reliable error correction mode when using DES

encryption. This will ensure you will only establish

encrypted connections. Refer to the \N command (in the

Commands sections of this guide) for details of the reli-

able error correction modes supported by your modem.

To enter the DES Key and Initial Value:

• Type: AT#S <E>

If your modem offers security features the Security Menu will appear (refer to the start of this chapter):

•Type: 9 <E>

You will be prompted with the following message:

Enter Current DES Key

If your modem does not offer security features the Security Menu will

Security &

Encryption

not be displayed — you will be prompted to type the current DES key. The default DES Key is 16 zeros. If you have not entered a Key yet:

• Type in 16 zeros <E>

• Type in the Key previously stored in the modem <E> When you enter the Key, each character will appear on your computer screen as the S character.

After successfully entering the Key, the Encryption Controls Menu will appear on your screen.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

ENCRYPTION CONTROLS MENU 1 = Enter DES Key 2 = Enter DES IV - initial value 0 = Quit Enter Encryption Function :

The Encryption Controls Menu allows you to alter the Key or IV (Initial Value).

• Enter the Key and Initial Value as a 16-character hexadecimal number <E> You will be prompted to re-enter the Key and Initial Value, to verify the correct Key and Initial Value has been entered. You may then return to local command state.

• Select the Quit option from the Encryption Menu

• Select the Quit option from the Security Menu

To enable DES encryption, issue the AT#E1 command. The next time your modem establishes a connection with another modem, it will encrypt outgoing data and attempt to decrypt incoming data.

SuperSecure Advanced Security Mode

qThe PRO16RK modems include SuperSecure mode. SuperSecure mode

allows you to :

qHave an individual password and an individual DES KEY.

qAutomatically change the DES key in a random manner after

each connection without the keys ever being knowable.

qHave a different password on the answering modem to the

originating modem.

qTimed expiration of passwords.

Encryption

Security &

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

With these new features, a link between two modems will be very secure. No other modem can dial either modem and connect because the third party will not know the keys of the other users, even if both passwords are known.

Entering a Key for Each User

• Enter AT#E2 to enable SuperSecure mode

• Select the security menu using AT#S

• Enter the security password to gain access to the security menu

• Set up the modem’s primary DES KEY and Initial Value (IV) as per standard DES setup

• Select Option 2 to add new users

• Enter the username

• Enter the password to be used by your modem (not necessarily the same as the password on the modem you are going to dial)

FDo not use a / character in any password, because this character

is reserved

• When the modem prompts you for a command, do not enter a command because you will not be prompted for the DES KEYS

• Enter the 16 hex digit DES secondary KEY for the user, all 16 digits must be keyed

• Enter the 16 hex digit DES secondary Initial Value (IV) for the user, all 16 digits must be keyed

• Enter the 2 hex digit Key Encryptor (KE) for the user, both digits must be keyed

FThe Key, IV and KE can have any value but must be exactly the same

on both answering and originating modems.

FFor maximum security do not use keys or initial values that have easy

to remember values.

Security &

Encryption

FA KE of 00 turns off random key rotation.

• Enter as many users as you wish while in this mode

• Press ENTER at the username prompt to return to the menu

You do not have to turn security on to use SuperSecure. The #E2 option forces it on always.

• Enter 0 to exit the security menu

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

FThe remote modem must not only support SuperSecure but must also

have a matching username/password and KEYS before access can be gained.

Accessing a System Using SuperSecure

If both your modem and the remote modem have been correctly setup you can:

qDial the remote system.

qThe modems will connect and enter security dialog mode using the

modem’s primary key.

qThis key must be the same for both modems.

• Enter your username

• Press ENTER

• Enter your user password stored in the remote modem then ‘/’

• Enter your password stored in your modem

• Press ENTER

FYou may backspace to correct errors but you will not be able to see

what is typed since all characters are echoed as #

• Do not use the / character in any password

• If the password is the same on both modems then only one password needs to be entered

Connection

qYou will then CONNECT if the username, both passwords, all of the

KEYS, IVs and KEs match.

qThe data will be correct and error free, but encrypted on the line using

a KEY unknown to anyone.

Encryption

Security &

Disconnection

qIf the primary DES KEY mismatches you will not be able to read

the “username” prompt.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

qThe modems will disconnect if:

• The secondary key, IV or KE mismatches (you will also receive a message)

• An error corrected link cannot be established

• Wrong username and/or password is used. You will be given another two changes to enter them before the modem disconnects

Example:

ATDT 456 4321 RINGING RINGING Enter name: MarkStein Enter password: Fudge/Vanilla Access granted

• ‘Fudge’ is Mark Stein’s password on the remote system

• ‘Vanilla’ is the password on the local modem

• ‘Access granted’ confirms that the passwords are correct

• Secondary keys mismatch if the secondary KEY, IV or KE are different

Enabling Rotating Secondary Keys

qIf you enter a KE of 00 for the user, then the secondary key will remain

the same for each connection.

qIf the KE is not 00 then this value is used as a seed to create a random

new secondary key for the user on each connection.

qAfter the initial connection is made with the KEY, IV and KE you have

entered, these values will change on both modems to new values which are not accessible by any means.

Security &

Encryption

qIf an event occurs that corrupts the KEY, IV or KE on either

modem, then both modems will have to be manually set back to a known starting point.

FTo ensure random unknown keys, make two connections between the

secure modems after they have been initialized.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Symmetrical Operation

qEither modem can originate the call qRemote modem’s password is first. qLocal modem’s password is second

Automatic Synchronization

qThe keys only change after a successful connection is achieved at

both ends.

qIf either modem drops out during the security handshake before the

CONNECT message, the modems will automatically resynchronize on the next connection.

Password Expiration Option

You may specify the number of days you have before the password must be changed. By default this option is OFF, to enable it select the C option from the security menu. You will then be prompted for the number of days before a password expires (1-255 days). The access record (Option

4) displays the password age limit and the age of each user’s password.

qWhen a password is within 5 days of expiration, a message will be

given before the connect message.

qAfter the password has expired, you will be informed and will not be

allowed another connection until a new password is entered. The access record also notes if you have been informed of the expiration.

qEither the remote or the local password or both may expire.

FThere is no real time clock inside the modem. When the modem is

turned off the clock stops. Therefore the expiration timers actually time the number of days that the modem is turned on and not elapsed days

Encryption

Security &

Entering a Password in the Remote Modem’s Database

When connected in SuperSecure, you may change your password.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

• Enter **** with a 1 second guard time on either side of the stars

• Enter your current password

• Enter your new password

• Verify your new password

• You will then be returned online

Entering a New Password in the Local Modem’s Database

When connected in SuperSecure, you may change your password by

• Enter in the escape sequence +++

• Enter in the *S command

• Enter your new password

• Verify your password

• ATO to return online

FIf you are not online or in the current session of SuperSecure, you

must identify yourself by entering your current username and password before being able to enter your new password.

Minimum Password Length

You can specify the minimum password length accepted by the modem by the E option from the Security Menu. Its power-on default is 3 characters.

Additional User Options

Security &

When a new user is entered into the database you will be prompted for

Encryption

‘Options’ after the password has been entered. You may key S or E or both, if you do not want either option key ENTER.

FS Specifies that the user is a supervisor and has full remote access

rights to the remote modem.

• If you key **** you will be able to issue almost all AT commands on the

remote modem and access the full security database if you have the global security password. (See remote access)

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

FE Your user password does not expire.

• This would be for automated systems that cannot respond to prompts to enter a new password when it expires

Uploading and Downloading the SuperSecure Database

FTo ensure the integrity of your modem’s security database the sensi-

tive fields are encrypted with the modem’s primary key. Your password and DES KEYS are scrambled but will be restored when uploaded into a modem with the same primary key.

FYou may delete unwanted records and modify the unencrypted

fields, but the encrypted must not be touched.

FIf you wish to enter a new user, you may do so using the same format

as the other records. The three digit control field at the start of each record should be set to the following values for a new user:

000 Not SuperSecure User, no DES keys specified (use for dialback) 001 DES keys specified 003 DES keys specified, Supervisor Status 005 DES keys specified, No password expiration 007 DES keys specified, No password expiration and Supervisor Status

FThe record format is:

aaa, “<username>”, “<encrypted password>”, “<command>”, “bbb,ccc,ddd,eee,fff,ggg”, “<encrypted key>”, “<encrypted> IV”, “<encrypted KE>”CR,LF

• aaa is 3 digit control number

• bbb is 3 digit access granted count

• ccc is 3 digit access denied count

• ddd is 3 digit days since password change

• eee is 3 digit reserved

• fff is 3 digit reserved

• ggg is 3 digit reserved

Encryption

Security &

FThe control number should not be touched on existing users.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

Security Database Lock Option

From the Security Menu you may elect to LOCK the security database with the ‘L’ option. When locked, the user cannot change the #E setting or clear the security database even with the &F. command or power-on reset with the Mode Switch depressed.

The only way to alter the database or #E selection is to enter the Security Menu with the security password and unlock the database with the ‘F’ (Free) command.

The current state: LOCKED or FREE is displayed below the Security Menu.

FShorting out the NOVRAM battery will erase the database but will

result in the modem being only partially functional. Such modems need to be returned to the factory for re-configuration.

Outdial Disable Option

If modems are to be used only for receiving calls option ‘K’ can be selected. This does not allow the modem to dial out. If an attempt to do so, users will be informed that a SECURITY LOCKOUT is in place and the call will not be successful.

The outdial feature will be useful for system administrators who wish to control the use of modems within remote offices or restrict modems to being used for receiving calls only.

Dial Stored Phone Numbers Only Option

Security &

Encryption

Option ‘M’ is similar to Option ‘K’ but restricts the modem to dialing only those numbers listed in the stored phone number fields as set with the &Z command.

The stored numbers must then be dialed using the ATDS=X command where X is the position of the stored number as set with the AT&Z command.

New stored numbers cannot be added by the user once the dial restriction has been enabled.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Security and Encryption

General Notes on Data Security

FBy using SuperSecure you now have

• Ensured that the phone link between two modems is secure

• Ensured that no other user can access either modem when #E2 is enabled

FThe weak link in the system is now the cable between your modem

and your computer.

• It should be kept visible at all times to prevent wire tapping

• The modem, computer and interconnecting cable should be physically secure to prevent access

FWith specialized equipment, the data on the lines and the image on an

screen can be read, due to wires and video screens radiating radio frequency signals which can be picked up over a distance. You may need advice on radio frequency screening if this concerns you.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Encryption

Security &

Synchronous Modes

SYNCHRONOUS MODES

This section explains the use of your modem in synchronous modes. A dumb mode or manual mode allows some of the functions of your modem to be accessed via the front panel switches.

Some of the information in this section assumes you have read the Getting Started Section.

Your modem offers two synchronous modes, conforming to the Hayes modem synchronous modes 1 and 2. These modes allow synchronous communication over two-wire PSTN or leased lines when connected to asynchronous/synchronous computers or dedicated synchronous terminals.

Synchronous Operation

Your modem supports two synchronous modes. Mode 1 allows operation with computers which support asynchronous and synchronous communication on a single RS-232 port. Mode 2 allows your modem to be operated with dedicated synchronous terminals.

Although your modem can only operate over a single two-wire connection, it will still perform full-duplex synchronous communication. Halfduplex operation could be simulated by controlling the state of the RTS and CTS signals.

Terminal Speeds

Your synchronous terminal or host should use the clock signals provided by the modem to synchronize transmit and receive data. The clock speed will represent the actual connection speed of the modem.

FWhen synchronous mode is selected, your modem cannot operate in

constant speed mode or use the error correction or data compression facilities of the modem. Only variable speed mode is available in synchronous connections (this refers to the modem’s terminal speed).

Synchronous

Modes

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

Line Speeds

Your modem supports a number of synchronous line speeds.

Command Speed

B8 V.22bis/2400bps B10 V.32/4800bps B11 V.32bis/7200bps B13 V.32/9600bps B15 V.32bis/14,400bps B16 V.Fast Class/14,400bps B17 V.Fast Class/16,800bps B18 V.Fast Class/19,200bps B19 V.Fast Class/21,600bps B20 V.Fast Class/24,000bps B21 V.Fast Class/26,400bps B22 V.Fast Class/28,800bps

When operating in synchronous mode, your modem should always be configured with a locked, non-auto-ranging B setting (this refers to modem line speed).

For V.34 or V.FC, the B setting only sets the maximum speed. The modem will automatically determine the highest usable speed for the line.

Synchronous Mode 1

Your modem is capable of dialing remote systems in asynchronous mode and then automatically switching to synchronous mode once connection has been made. If the connection is lost, your modem will hang up and return to asynchronouslocal command state.

The computer required to support synchronous communication with your modem must be capable of switching between synchronous and asynchronous modes with the same RS-232 port, as well as controlling the state of the DTR signal under software supervision.

Modes

Synchronous

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous On-line State

Hang Up

C E

D & C

C F

Hang Up

C E

C F

D & C

Synchronous Modes

Asynchronous

ocal Command State

❏

TO issued

❏

TD issued

onnection stablished

TR Lowered (&D0, D2) or Remote arrier Lost

Synchronous Mode 1 Originate and Answer Mode

onnection

ailed

Asynchronous

ocal Command State

❏

TA issued

❏

ncoming Call

onnection stablished

Synchronous On-line State

TR Lowered (&D0, D2) or Remote

arrier Lost

onnection

ailed

Selecting Synchronous Mode 1

Synchronous mode 1 is selected with the &M1 command.

• Type: AT&M1 <E> Your modem will enter synchronous mode whenever it successfully connects to a remote modem.

You should also:

• Type: AT&D2 <E> This allows hang up via your computer’s DTR signal.

FYour computer will not be able to hang up the modem if the DTR

Option Switch is in the DOWN position (DTR will always be asserted). DTR must be lowered to make the modem hang up.

To return to asynchronous operation:

• Type: AT&M0 <E>

Dialing

Your computer must be in asynchronous mode before dialing commences. To begin dialing use the D command. Response codes sent to the computer depend upon the settings of the X, V and Q commands. As soon as a connection can be established, your modem will assert CTS and

Synchronous

Modes

enter synchronous on-line state. If connection cannot be made, your modem will hang up and return to asynchronous local command state.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

Character echo and response codes should not be selected when synchronous communications are used. Use the E0 and Q1 commands to disable character echo and response codes.

As soon as your modem has completed dialing it will examine the state of the DTR signal. If DTR is asserted your modem will go on line in synchronous mode, otherwise the modem will hang up and return to asynchronous local command state.

FData should only be transmitted once DCD, DTR and CTS have been

asserted. Your computer should not assume that if CTS is asserted then it is safe to begin transmitting data — your modem will keep CTS asserted whenever it is in local command state.

Hanging Up

Your modem will hang up and return to asynchronous mode if carrier is lost for longer than the period defined by S Register 10 or if DTR is lowered after the &D2 command has been issued.

Answering Calls

To automatically answer incoming calls, S Register 0 must be set to a non-zero value (as with asynchronous auto-answering). Once a call has been answered there is no means of returning to asynchronous mode apart from hanging up the modem. This will occur if the carrier is lost for a period in excess of the time defined by S Register 0 or if DTR is lowered after the &D2 command has been issued.

Synchronous Mode 2

Synchronous mode 2 is specifically designed for use with dedicated synchronous terminals. The phone number to be dialed is stored in the modem, the synchronous terminal causing the modem to dial by asserting the DTR signal.

When the terminal asserts the DTR signal (DTR makes an OFF-ON transition), your modem will dial stored phone number zero. The phone number may contain dial modifiers. See the Command Descriptions chapter of this guide for details on the &Z command.

Modes

Synchronous

Before connecting your modem to your synchronous terminal, the modem must first be configured using an asynchronous terminal or computer.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

C E

D R

C F

DTR L

(

C E

D R

C F

I D

DTR Low(

Synchronous Modes

The Sample Setups section of this manual details a common configuration for synchronous mode 2.

Asynchronous Local

Command State

Response Codes disabled)

❏

TR signal asserted

onnection stablished

Synchronous On-line State

TR Lowered or emote Carrier Lost

ang Up

Synchronous Mode 2 Originate and Answer Mode

onnection

ailed

Asynchronous Local

Command State

Response Codes disabled)

ncoming Call and

❏

TR signal asserted

onnection stablished

Synchronous On-line State

TR Lowered or emote Carrier Lost

ang Up

onnection

ailed

Selecting Synchronous Mode 2

Synchronous mode 2 is selected with the &M2 command.

• Type: AT&M2 <E> Your modem will enter synchronous mode whenever it successfully connects to a remote modem.

You should also:

• Type: AT&D2 <E> This allows you to dial and hang up.

To return to asynchronous mode:

• Type: AT&M0 <E> Your modem will remain in asynchronous mode.

Dialing

Dialing will commence as soon as the DTR signal is asserted (an OFF-ON transition occurs). Your modem will not generate response codes when synchronous mode 2 is selected. All call progress is indicated by your

Synchronous

Modes

modem’s speaker (the M command controls the operation of your modem’s speaker).

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

As soon as your modem connects to a remote modem it will assert the DSR and DCD signals.

Hanging Up

Your modem will hang up and return to quiet asynchronous mode if the carrier is lost for longer than the period defined by S Register 10 or if DTR is lowered.

Answering Calls

Whenever your modem receives an incoming call it will assert the RI signal. The terminal may accept the call by asserting the DTR signal as soon as the number of rings defined by S Register 0 is reached. The terminal may refuse the call by keeping DTR low eight seconds after the number of rings in S Register 0 is reached.

Your modem will not dial the stored number in response to DTR being asserted between the time an incoming call is initially detected and the call being cleared.

Leased Line Operations

A leased line, or private line, is a telephone line that permanently connects two or more locations. The leased line does not have any switching equipment associated with it. Leased-line operation with the modem is selected with the &L command.

The &L command informs your modem that communications will occur over leased lines, with no answer tones being generated by the modem. If the modem detects a loss of the remote carrier signal while leased-line operation is selected, it will attempt to re-establish the connection rather than hang up.

If you select leased line operation with the &L1 command, you must issue the ATA command to answer a call, and the ATD command to initiate a call.

If you use &L2 or &L3 to select Auto leased line operation, you do not need to issue the ATA or ATD commands; &L2 selects Originate mode automatically and &L3 selects Answer mode automatically. To dial or answer, raise DTR; to return to local command state, lower DTR.

Modes

Synchronous

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

FYou will require a special phone cable (available from your dealer) to

connect your modem to a leased-line socket. The phone cable supplied with your modem is suitable for use with normal, dial-up, voice (PBX) lines.

Before commencing leased-line communications, it is recommended that a non-auto-ranging B setting be specified.

FIf error correction is required, select a Reliable mode, not an Auto-

Reliable mode. (See the \N command.)

Auto-ranging and fallback are disabled in leased-line mode. Your modem will only attempt to connect using the communications standard specified by the B command and the terminal speed.

Once a connection has been established, if your modem detects a loss of carrier it will continuously attempt to re-establish the connection.

Smart Leased-Line Mode

Leased-line operation is available in both asynchronous and synchronous mode 1.

Ansynchronous

Local Command

DTR Lowered (&D2) - Async only

DTR Lowered - Sync only

Carrier lost

ATO issued Async only

State

ATD or ATA issued

Attempt to

Establish

Connection

On-Line State

Escape Sequence or DTR lowered (&D1) Async mode

Key pressed

ATH Issued or Carrier Lost - Async only

Connection established

Synchronous

Modes

Off Hook

Asynchronous

Local Mode

Smart Leased-Line Mode (&L1)

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

Calling and Answering Using &L1

When operating in smart mode (&L1 set), the ATD and ATA commands are used to initiate and answer calls respectively.

FYour modem will hang up and return to local command state if your

computer transmits characters while the modem is attempting to establish or re-establish a connection (unless &N0 has been issued).

Auto Leased Line Operation (&L2 or &L3)

You can select Auto leased line operation with the &L2 or &L3 command. In Auto leased line operation you do not need to issue the ATA command to answer a call, or the ATD command to initiate a call. Issue the &L2 command to automatically select Originate mode, or the &L3 command to automatically select Answer mode.

In Auto leased line operation AT commands can only be entered while DTR is low. Irrespective of the &D setting, your modem will remain in idle mode when DTR is low, and will go on-line when DTR is high. If DTR is lowered when your modem is on-line, it will hang up and return to idle mode. If power is lost, your modem will enter on-line state when DTR is restored.

FYour communications software must be capable of altering the state

of the DTR signal to work successfully with the &L2 and &L3 commands.

Hanging Up

There are five ways of hanging up your modem when leased-line mode is selected.

q If your modem is attempting to establish or re-establish a connection,

sending characters to it will cause it to hang up (unless &N0 has been issued).

q If synchronous mode is selected, lowering the DTR signal will cause

your modem to immediately hang up.

q If asynchronous mode is selected, issuing the ATH command will

cause the modem to hang up.

q If asynchronous mode is selected (&L2 or &L3), lowering DTR will

cause the modem to hang up.

Modes

Synchronous

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Synchronous Modes

FXON/XOFF flow control should not be selected for leased-line

connections. Your modem will prematurely hang up if your computer sends an XON/XOFF character while the modem is attempting to reestablish a connection.

Improving the Reliability of Leased-Line Connections

If you are experiencing data errors over leased lines, issue the %L command to lower the transmit level of your modem.

You may need to experiment with the levels, but start between %L15 and %L19.

The transmit level should be changed on both modems.

Synchronous

Operation

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

DUMB MODE OPERATION

Your modem has two methods of operating with your computer. The commonly used method is “smart mode”, where the computer issues “AT” commands to the modem to make it dial and hang up. For computers which do not offer an asynchronous port or cannot communicate synchronously using V.25bis commands, dumb mode permits manual control of your modem.

Selecting Dumb Mode on PRO16RK Modems

To select Dumb mode on a ProRack modem:

• Place front panel Option switch 6 in the On (or Left) position

Operation

Dumb Mode

To select Smart mode:

• Place front panel Option switch 6 in the Off (or Right) position

ProRack Modem Option Switches

Setting Up your Modem

In most instances, your modem will need to be configured prior to entering Dumb mode. All configuration of your modem is performed using the AT commands.

For example, if you wish to have your modem dial a stored telephone number when the computer asserts (or “raises”) the DTR signal, you must first store the telephone number in the modem and select stored number dialing operation, using the AT commands.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

Selecting Communications Speeds on ProRack Modems

Dumb Mode

Operation

If you are dialing in Dumb mode, the communication speed it uses is dependant upon the setting of the front panel Mode LEDs.

To change the speed at which your modem connects after dialing

• Place front panel Option switches 5 and 6 in the On (or Left) position to select Dumb mode and disable auto-answer

• Press the Mode button until the correct speed is indicated on the front panel Mode LEDs

FYour modem cannot dial if auto-answer is enabled; verify that Option

switch 5 is in the Off (or Right) position..

Refer to the table printed in your modem Installation Guide — it shows the meaning of each combination of the Mode LEDs.

To change the speed at which your modem connects after answering an incoming call:

• Place front panel Option switch 6 in the Off (or Right) position to select

Smart mode

• Connect your modem to a personal computer — refer to the modem

Installation Guide for details

• Run a communications program and enter “local mode” or “terminal

mode”

• Type: ATBx&W <E>

where “x” is a valid setting of the B command. For example, ATB13&W selects V.32 (9600 bps) mode.

The B command is used to set the communications standard used by your modem.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

Hints for Unix Computers and Multiplexers

Many Unix computers and multiplexers which offer synchronous communications ports cannot cope with the response messages generated by the modem. For this reason, you may wish to switch off response messages before you connect your modem to the Unix computer or multiplexer.

• Place front panel Option switch 6 in the Off (or Left) position.

• Connect your modem to a personal computer, a Unix computer or a serial server — refer to the modem Installation Guide for details

• Run a communications program (for Windows, or TIP or CU for Unix) and enter “local mode” or “terminal mode”

• Type: ATE0Q1&N0&W <E>

• Exit the communications program

Operation

Dumb Mode

This command switches off response messages and character echo, causes the modem to ignore characters sent to it from the host while dialing or answering, and saves the changes in the modem.

Dialing in Dumb Mode

q Store a telephone number in the modem and then have the computer

raise the DTR signal.

FPRO16RK modems can dial only by raising the DTR signal to dial a

stored telephone number.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

Using DTR to Dial

You may commence dialing by having your computer raise its DTR signal.

Dumb Mode

Operation

Place switch 6 in the Off (or Right) position.

• Connect your modem to a personal computer — refer to the modem Installation Guide for details

• Run a communications program and enter “local mode” or “terminal mode”

• Type: AT&Z0=phoneno <E>

Where “phoneno” is the telephone number you want your modem to dial. This stores the number as stored telephone number zero.

FIf you are using your modem over leased lines, do not store a phone

number.

• Type: AT&D2&M4 <E>

or:

Type: AT&D2&M2 <E> Issue the &M4 command if you wish to use asynchronous communications; issue &M2 if you wish to use synchronous communications.

• Type: AT&Wn <E>

The modem set up is saved to profile n=0-3

• Place Option switch 8 in the On (or Left) position.

• If necessary, use the Mode button to select the required communication speed

The connection speed of the modem is indicated by the Mode LEDs. Refer to the table printed in your modem Installation Guide; it shows the meaning of each combination of Mode LEDs.

• Raise the DTR signal on your computer

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

DTR must change from “low” to “high” to commence dialing. Your modem dials the stored telephone number zero. The OH and CD LEDs glow when the modem connects.

To hang up:

• Have your computer lower the DTR signal, or press the Talk/Data button to Talk

Answering Calls in Dumb Mode

Your modem is able to answer incoming calls, automatically or by manual intervention.

Automatic Answering

Operation

Dumb Mode

Your modem is able to auto-answer incoming calls in Dumb mode. You do not need a telephone handset to have your modem answer incoming calls.

Place Option switch 6 in the Off (or Right) position.

• Connect your modem to a personal computer — refer to the modem Installation Guide for details

• Run a communications program and enter “local mode” or “terminal mode”

• Type: ATBx <E>

where “x” is a valid setting of the B command. The B command is used to set the communications standard used by your modem.

• Type: AT&D2&M0 <E>

or:

Type: AT&D2E0Q1&M1 <E>

Issue the &M0 command if you wish to use asynchronous communications; issue &M1 if you wish to use synchronous communications.

• Type: AT&W <E>

The modem set up is saved.

• Place Option switch 6 in the On (or Left) position.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

• Place Option switch 8 in the Off (or Right) position.

• Place Option switch 5 in the Off (or Right) position.

Dumb Mode

If the &D2 command has been issued to the modem, DTR must be raised

Operation

by your computer.

Your modem answers incoming calls after the number of rings specified in S Register 0.

The Option Switches

The Option switches allow you to control the operation of your modem in Dumb mode, as well as providing additional features in Smart mode.

The PRO16RK modem offers the following front panel Option switches:

Description Switch

Auto-answer enabled 5 - Off (Right) Auto-answer disabled 5 - On (Left) Smart mode 6 - Off (Right) Dumb mode 6 - On (Left) Asynchronous operation 7 - Off (Right) Synchronous operation 7 - On (Left) Answer mode 8 - Off (Right) Originate mode 8 - On (Left)

V.25bis mode is selected with Option switches 3 and 4:

Description Switch 3 Switch 4

AT command mode Off (Right) n/a V.25bis synchronous (HDLC framing) On (Left) Off(Right) V.25bis sync (BSC character framing) On (Left) On (Left)

See diagrams on next two pages.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Dumb Mode Operation

*Switches 1and 2 reserved for future use.

LEFT (V.25bis command set) RIGHT (AT command set)

LEFT (V.25bis synch bit-oriented) RIGHT (V.25bis character-oriented)

Operation

Dumb Mode

MODE

MODE MODE

12345678

V25b1 V25b2 A ANS SMART ASYNC ANS

TD RD OH CD

AA TR 1

2 3 TPI

LEFT (Disable auto-answer) RIGHT (Enable auto-answer)

LEFT (DUMB Mode) RIGHT (SMART Mode)

LEFT (Synchronous Mode) RIGHT (Asynchronous Mode)

LEFT (Originate Mode) RIGHT (Answer Mode)

TRANSMIT DATA

RECEIVE DATA OFF HOOK

CARRIER DETECT

AUTO ANSWER

TERMINAL READY

Indicates modem’s operating mode (see chart on next page)

Test Pattern indicator. Also lights when modem is being accessed by a Rack Controller

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

RESET

MODE

RDL

TEST

BUSY OUT

Restarts the modem

Allows selection of line speed when in Dumb mode

Remote Digital Loopback Test

Analog Loopback Test

Initiates test functions

Takes modem off-hook

Dumb Mode Operation

Mode 3

Dumb Mode

Operation

Line Modulation Mode 1 Mode 2

Front Panel Mode LEDs

28800 bps 26400 bps 24000 bps 21600 bps 19200 bps 16800 bps 14400 bps 12000 bps 9600 bps 7200 bps 4800 bps 2400 bps 1200 bps V23 V21 Fax 14400 bps Fax 9600 bps Fax 7200 bps Fax 4800 bps Fax 2400 bps

❊❊

❊❊ ❊❊ M

O O O O

●● ❊ ❊ S ❊ ❊ S ❊ ❊ S

❊ ❊

O O O

●●

O O

●●

O O O

●●

O O O

●●

❊❊ S

●●

O O

●● O

●●

O O

●●

●● ❊❊ S ❊ ❊ S ❊ ❊ S ❊ ❊ S

❊ ❊

LED: On = Flashing:

, Off =

S = Slow,

❊❊

●●

M = Med,

❊❊

F = Fast

❊❊

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

CCITT V.25bis OPERATIONS

V.25bis is a modem command set specified by the CCITT. Like the AT command set, it allows you to control your modem. However, V.25bis commands may be issued to the modem in asynchronous or synchronous mode (AT commands may only be issued when the modem is operating in asynchronous mode). This means V.25bis is suitable for mainframe and minicomputers which only support synchronous communications ports. The implementation of V.25bis supported by your modem is based upon the 1988 revision of the V.25bis specification, however not all aspects of the V.25bis specification have been implemented.

FV.25bis operation is supported in both smart and dumb modes.

Operations

V.25bis

Selecting V.25bis Operation

To select V.25bis mode, issue the appropriate #M command. Three V.25bis modes are supported by your modem:

q Asynchronous V.25bis. The modem operates in asynchronous mode

using V.25bis command rather than AT commands. Issue the AT#M1 command to select this mode.

q Synchronous V.25bis with HDLC framing. The modem communi-

cates and accepts V.25bis commands in synchronous mode with HDLC framing. Issue the AT#M2 command to select this mode.

q Synchronous V.25bis/BSC mode. The modem communicates and

accepts V.25bis commands in synchronous mode with character framing (BSC mode). Issue the AT#M3 command to select this mode.

The &W and Z commands must be issued after the #M command in order for V.25bis command mode to be selected. Alternately, issue the &W command after the #M command and switch the modem off and on or lower DTR (after an &D3 command has been issued).

FWhen you reset the modem (for example, you issue the &F command

or issue the RST command or switch the modem off and on), you must issue an ATZ command to select V.25bis command mode; your modem always resets and powers-up in AT command mode, regardless of the setting of the #M command.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

The setting of the Option switches always take precedence over the #M command.

The %R2 option will be required for most V.25bis setups. This setting ensures that the CTS signal is only asserted when the modem is ready to accept a new command (in command mode).

Overridden Settings

Almost all AT commands and S Registers stored before entering V.25bis mode will have effect except for the following commands.

V.25bis

AT Command V.25bis Operation

Operations

&D Will act as if &D2 is selected S0 Will act as if S0=1

These override settings are not stored in your modem’s non-volatile memory; they are active only while V.25bis command mode is active. If you issue the &V command to view the modem’s configuration the original settings will be displayed.

V.25bis Commands

Six V.25bis commands are supported by your modem:

Command Description

CRN n Dial phone number n CRS x Dial stored phone number x PRN x: n Save n as stored phone number x DIC Disregard an incoming call CIC Connect to an incoming call RST Restore factory default parameters

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

Data Formats

Not all data formats are supported when V.25bis operation is selected. Use only the types of parity shown in the following table:

Mode Parity

Async V.25bis Even parity Sync BSC Odd parity Sync HDLC Bit 7 always zero in the information field.

Commands issued with the wrong parity are ignored by your modem.

V.25bis Indications

V.25bis indications are similar to the response codes, sent when your modem is operating in AT command mode. Six V.25bis indications are supported by your modem:

Operations

V.25bis

Verbal Meaning

VAL Command accepted and executed CNX Connection established INC Incoming call detected CFI AB Call failure, abort CFI ET Call failure, engaged INV Invalid command

These are the only indications supported by your modem. When operating in asynchronous V.25bis mode, these indicators are suffixed with Carriage Return and Line Feed characters and V.25bis indicators will only be sent to your computer if DTR is raised.

Dialing

Your modem supports two methods of dialing in V.25bis mode; “addressed calling” (similar to using an ATD command) and “direct calling” (similar to DTR dialing with the &M4 command). The CRN command is used to initiate a telephone call. The most basic form of the CRN command is: CRN number where the number is the telephone number you are dialing.

For example:

• Type: CRN 01234 <E> Your modem will dial 01234

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

C e

V.25bis Operations

Asynchronous

AT Command Mode

V.25bis

Operations

DTR

Lowered

Sync or Async

.25bis Command Mode

Sync or Async

.25bis On-line State

TR Raised

onnection

stablished

TR Lowered

ang Up

V.25bis Originating Mode

If a connection can be made to a remote modem a CNX indicator will be sent by the modem. If a CFI AB indicator appears, your modem has not been able to make a connection.

To hang up the modem, your computer or communications software must make DTR low.

Dial Modifiers

Dial modifiers are characters than can be included in a phone number to make the modem perform special tasks while dialing.

Most PBXs require you to dial 0 or 9 (in order to obtain an outside line) and wait for a dial tone before dialing the actual phone number.

Using dial modifiers, you can successfully dial the phone number 12345 through a PBX using the command:

• Type: CRN 0<12345

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

The < dial modifier causes the modem to pause for a short time after dialing 0. This allows most PBXs sufficient time to obtain a line before dialing.

The factory default delay for the < modifier is two seconds. You may change the length of this delay if necessary. Its length is determined by the value in S Register 8.

Another method of making the modem wait for a dial tone is to include the : (colon) dial modifier. The : modifier causes the modem to examine the phone line to ensure a dial tone has been applied before dialing starts. For example:

• Type: CRN 0:12345 If the modem cannot detect a dial tone within the time specified by S Register 7, the modem will return to local command state and send a CFI AB indicator to the computer.

Operations

V.25bis

FDue to differences with some older telephone exchanges, dial tone

detection may not be possible with your modem. Your modem will only recognize dial tones between 200 Hz and 600 Hz.

If your telephone supports tone dialing then a useful dial modifier is the T modifier. Inserting a T modifier before the number you are dialing causes the modem to tone dial that number. For example:

• Type: CRN T12345 <E> This will cause the modem to dial the phone number 12345.

The modem also supports a P dial modifier which allows it to pulse dial. These modifiers may be placed at any point in the number you are dialing and they may be intermingled in the same number. For example, your telephone line may be connected to a PBX that supports tone dialing internally, but only pulse dialing externally. You could overcome this problem by using the T and P dial modifiers in the following way:

• Type: CRN T0<P12345 <E> The modem tone dials 0 to request an external line, waits for the PBX to obtain the line and then pulse dials 12345.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

Although most telephone exchanges support tone dialing, there are still a few pulse only exchanges. If you can hear a continuous dial tone when you lift the handset, you will probably be able to tone dial. If you are in any doubt, use pulse dialing. The modem will automatically pulse dial if you have not previously included either the T or P modifiers in your phone numbers. Exchanges that support tone dialing generally support pulse dialing as well.

More information about dial modifiers can be found in the Command Descriptions section of this guide.

Hanging Up

To hang up your modem when operating in V.25bis mode, lower DTR.

V.25bis

Operations

Your modem will hang up whenever DTR goes low.

Stored Number Dialing

Your modem has the ability to store phone numbers for redialing at a later time.

For example, to store a phone number use the PRN command:

• Type: PRN 1;012345 <E> The phone number “012345” will be stored as phone number one.

To dial a phone number that has been stored in your modem:

• Type: CRS 1 <E> The modem will dial stored phone number one.

Stored phone numbers are shared by V.25bis mode and AT Command mode. Thus, if you store a phone number while AT Command mode is active, you may dial that store phone number in V.25bis mode, or vice versa.

Direct Dialing

Direct dialing refers to your modem’s ability to dial a stored phone number when the DTR signal of your computer is raised. This form of dialing is particularly suited to synchronous computers and is referred in other parts of this guide as ‘DTR Dialing’.

FThe &M command (used to select various methods of DTR dialing in

AT command mode) has no effect when the mode is operating in V.25bis command mode.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

D o

D c i

C E

V.25bis Operations

To select direct dialing:

• Type: AT#D1 <E>

When DTR next goes from low to high, the modem will dial the stored phone number zero. Please note, some dial modifiers supported in V.25bis command mode are different to those supported in AT command mode and, thus, will be ignored by the modem if they are not appropriate for the selected command mode. Refer to the previous section, ‘Stored Number Dialing’, for more information about storing phone numbers in your modem; refer to the Command Descriptions section of this guide for more information about the dial modifiers supported in V.25bis mode.

FDirect dialing is also supported in V.25bis dumb mode.

Operations

V.25bis

Answering Calls

Your modem is pre-configured to automatically answer incoming calls. If you receive a call on the phone line the modem is connected to, it will answer the call and attempt to connect to the calling modem.

Asynchronous

AT Command Mode

DTR

Lowered

CIC

command

issued

after a DIC

command

was issued

Sync or Async

.25bis Command Mode

Wait S Register 71

Seconds

TR Raised

ncoming Call

onnection stablished

ommand

ssued

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Sync or Async

On-Line State

TR Lowered

r Carrier Lost

ang Up

V.25bis Answer Mode

V.25bis Operations

When V.25bis mode is selected, your modem will automatically answer incoming calls after one ring – the setting of S Register 0 is ignored when V.25bis mode is selected. The communications standard used by the modem in its attempt to connect with a calling modem is determined the B command.

If the phone does ring, the modem will issue an INC message to indicate an incoming call has been detected and will wait the number of seconds defined by S Register 71. S Register 71 allows you to ignore a call by issuing a DIC command before the number of seconds defined by S Register 71 is reached. Thus, if S Register 71 is set to 10, you have 10 seconds after a call is detected to issue a DIC command; if you do not

V.25bis

issue the DIC command within 10 seconds, your modem will attempt to

Operations

connect to the calling modem.

FIf you issue the DIC command but then want to answer the call, issue

the CIC command. The CIC command will cause your modem to answer a call after the DIC command has been issued.

The modem will then go on line, transmit an answer tone, and attempt to connect to the calling modem using the communications standard selected by the B command.

As soon as a connection is established, the modem will send a CXN message to your computer and enter on-line state in answer mode.

Selecting Speeds

The following section describes how to select the terminal and line speed of the your modem when operating in V.25bis command mode.

Terminal Speeds

The #Q command is used to select the terminal speed in V.25bis command mode.

The AT#Q command determines whether to use a predefined terminal speed or the terminal speed when the last AT command was issued. Refer to the Command Descriptions section for details of the #Q command. Refer to the chapter titled ‘Getting Started’ for details of how the terminal speed is used by your modem.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

By default, your modem will use the same speed as when the last AT command was issued.

Line Speeds

The line speed at which your modem operates is determined by the ATB command. The line speed must be selected before you select V.25bis mode.

By default B0 is selected. This will automatically select the highest common speed with the remote modem. See B command.

Refer to the chapter titled ‘Getting Started’ for details of how to set the line speed of your modem.

Modem Cable

Operations

V.25bis

In order to operate correctly, your modem cable must support the following signals:

DB25 Pin Signal

2 Transmit Data (TxD) 3 Receive Data (RxD) 4 Request to Send (RTS) 5 Clear to Send (CTS) 6 Data Set Ready (DSR) 7 Signal Ground 8 Data Carrier Detect (DCD) 15 Transmit Clock (TxC)† 17 Receive Clock (RxC)† 20 Data Terminal Ready (DTR) 22 Ring Indicator (RI) 24 External Clock (XCLK)†

† - Not required for asynchronous operation

Synchronous Character Encoding

Your modem supports both NRZ and NRZI character encoding when operating in synchronous mode. The #N command is used to select the character encoding technique suitable for use with the computer to which your modem is connected.

Refer to the chapter titled ‘Command Descriptions’ for details of the #N command.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

V.25bis Operations

Asynchronous Notes

The Backspace character may be used to edit V.25bis commands in asynchronous mode. No other editing characters are supported by the modem.

All control characters, other than Carriage Return and Backspace, are ignored by your modem.

Your modem will echo Carriage Return characters only, even if your computer issues Carriage Returns and Line Feeds at the end of a command.

V.25bis

Operations

BSC Notes

Commands must start with a STX and end with an ETX to be accepted by the modem.

Control characters that do not form part of the frame are treated as a normal characters. This usually results in the modem issuing an INV indication.

HDLC Notes

Commands must be correctly framed to be accepted by the modem. The address field must be FF, the control field must be 03 (hex) or 13 (hex) or a bad FCS field or an abort is received.

If a succession of V.25bis indications are to be sent to your computer, the poll bit (or final bit) will be set to zero for all but the last V.25bis indication, to signify that more V.25bis indications follow.

Control characters that do not form part of the frame are treated as a normal characters. This usually results in the modem issuing an INV indication.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND DESCRIPTIONS

Note that for commands whose descriptions are marked with this symbol, you should not type AT before, nor a carriage return after the command.

+++ Escape Sequence ................................................................................... 8 2

**** Remote Access Sequence ...................................................................... 83

? Interactive Command Help ...................................................................... 84

A/ Repeat last command............................................................................. 85

A Answer ....................................................................................................... 85

Bn Select Communication Standard .......................................................... 86

D Dial .............................................................................................................. 87

Dial Modifiers ................................................................................................ 88

, pause ..................................................................................................... 89

; return to local command state .......................................................... 89

P use pulse dialing ................................................................................ 89

T use tone dialing .................................................................................. 89

R reverse mode ...................................................................................... 90

@ wait for quiet answer........................................................................ 90

M initiate MNP 10 at 4800bps ............................................................. 91

J initiate MNP 10 at 1200 bps ............................................................. 91

K MNP 10 cellular option ................................................................... 91

F or ^ disable calling tones ................................................................ 91

L last number redial .............................................................................. 92

! hook flash ............................................................................................ 92

S=n dial stored phone number n ....................................................... 9 3

W wait for dial tone ............................................................................. 94

E Echo............................................................................................................. 94

H Hang up...................................................................................................... 94

I Identity.......................................................................................................... 9 5

L Speaker Volume Control ........................................................................... 95

M Monitor ...................................................................................................... 96

O Return to On-line State............................................................................. 97

P Set Dialing to Pulse.................................................................................... 98

Q Quiet (Suppress Response Codes) ......................................................... 9 8

R Set Terminal Speed .................................................................................... 99

Sn? Display S Register Value ..................................................................... 100

Sn= Set S Register Value ............................................................................. 100

T Set Dialing to Tone ................................................................................... 102

V Verbal Response Codes ......................................................................... 10 3

W Connection Speed Information............................................................ 103

X Extended Response Codes .................................................................... 104

Zn Restore Configuration Profile ............................................................ 108

&B Character Length .................................................................................. 109

Descriptions

Command

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

&C Controlling Data Carrier Detect (DCD)............................................ 110

&D Controlling Data Terminal Ready (DTR) .......................................... 111

&F. Reinitialize Modem .............................................................................. 112

&F Restore Factory Defaults...................................................................... 113

&G Guard Tone............................................................................................ 114

&H Clock Control ....................................................................................... 114

&K Flow Control ......................................................................................... 115

&L Leased Line ............................................................................................ 116

&M Synchronous/Asynchronous Mode ................................................ 117

&N Abort Connection ................................................................................ 119

&P Pulse Ratio Selection ............................................................................ 119

&R RTS/CTS Control ................................................................................. 120

&S Controlling DSR .................................................................................... 120

&T Self-Test .................................................................................................. 12 1

&V View Active Configuration Profile .................................................... 122

&Wn Write Configuration Parameters .................................................... 122

&X Transmit Clock ...................................................................................... 123

&Yn Select Stored Profile on Power Up.................................................. 124

&Z Stored Phone Number ......................................................................... 1 24

#A Universal Remote Access ..................................................................... 126

#B B0 & B2 1200bps Originate Mode ....................................................... 127

Command

#C V.25 Calling Tones ................................................................................. 128

Descriptions

#D V.25bis Direct Calling ........................................................................... 12 8

#E Encryption ............................................................................................... 129

#F Front Panel Test Switches ..................................................................... 13 0

#I V.22bis Leased Line................................................................................. 130

#J V.42 Capability Checking ...................................................................... 131

#K MNP 10 mode ........................................................................................ 132

#M Command Mode Selection ................................................................. 133

#N V.25bis Character Encoding ................................................................ 13 3

#O Buffer Overflow .................................................................................... 134

#Q V.25bis Terminal Speed ........................................................................ 134

#R Enable Remote Control......................................................................... 135

#S Security Menu......................................................................................... 136

#U V.25bis Character Set ............................................................................ 13 7

#V Verifier ..................................................................................................... 137

%C Compression Control .......................................................................... 138

%D Set Disconnect Delay ........................................................................... 1 39

%E Auto-Retrain .......................................................................................... 139

%F Front Panel Option Switches .............................................................. 140

%H MNP 10 Negotiation Speed ............................................................... 141

%K CTS During Dial & Handshake........................................................ 142

%L Display Line Signal Level.................................................................... 142

%Ln Transmit Level (Data Mode) ............................................................ 143

%M Mode LED Indication ......................................................................... 143

%P CONNECT Message Timing .............................................................. 144

%Q Line Signal Quality.............................................................................. 144

%R CTS Override ........................................................................................ 1 45

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

%S DSR Override ........................................................................................ 146

%T DCD Override ....................................................................................... 1 46

%U V.42 Response Codes ........................................................................... 147

%W Welcome Message ............................................................................... 148

\A MNP Block Size..................................................................................... 149

\Bn Generate Break .................................................................................... 149

\J Auto-Reliable Fallback ......................................................................... 1 50

\K Break Control......................................................................................... 150

\N Asynchronous Operating Mode ........................................................ 152

\Q Extended Flow Control ....................................................................... 154

\S Display Active Configuration .............................................................. 155

\Tn Inactivity Timer(Data Mode) ............................................................ 1 56

\V Error Correction Response Codes...................................................... 157

\X XON/XOFF Pass Through .................................................................. 158

*C Disable V.34 (use V.FC) ......................................................................... 159

*R V.13 Remote RTS Signalling ................................................................. 160

*S Change Current User Password .......................................................... 161

*V Maximum V.42bis Dictionary Size ...................................................... 161

*W Welcome Message Text ........................................................................ 162

*YEscape Sequence Detection in Sync ..................................................... 1 63

-QMNP10 Fallback to V.22bis.................................................................... 16 3

:E V.32 Compromise Equalizer.................................................................. 164

Descriptions

Command

V.25bis Commands ...................................................................................... 164

CIC Connect Incoming Call. ............................................................. 1 64

CRN Dial............................................................................................... 1 65

Dial Modifiers ...................................................................................... 165

< Pause .................................................................................................. 165

P Pulse Dialing..................................................................................... 166

T Tone Dialing ...................................................................................... 166

& Hook Flash ....................................................................................... 166

: Wait for Dial Tone ............................................................................. 167

CRS Dial Stored Number ................................................................... 1 67

DIC Disregard Incoming Call ........................................................... 1 68

PRN Stored Phone Number .............................................................. 168

RST Reset .............................................................................................. 169

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

+++ Escape Sequence

When the modem is in on-line-state, issuing an escape sequence will force it to return it to on-line command state, without disconnecting.

Unlike other commands, you should not type AT before the escape sequence, nor type a carriage return after it. Instead, wait a full second before you type

the escape sequence and then a full second after typing it. As soon as the modem returns to local command state, it will respond with the message: OK

This waiting period before and after the escape sequence is called the Escape Sequence Guard Time. This allows the modem to distinguish the escape sequence from the normal flow of information between modems.

Command

Descriptions

You can change the character used for the escape sequence by changing the value of S Register 2.

You can change the length of the escape sequence guard time by changing the value of S Register 12.

Options

+++Return to local command state

See Also

S Register 2 Escape Sequence Character S Register 12Escape Sequence Guard Time

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

**** Remote Access Sequence

When the modem is connected to a remote modem and is in on-line state, the remote modem may type this command to force the modem to enter Remote Access mode.

Remote Access mode simply means the remote modem will be able to issue AT commands to your modem, just as if you were typing them at your computer keyboard.

Remote Access mode may be switched on or off with the #A command. Remote Access mode is password protected by default.

To enter Remote Access mode, the operator of the remote modem should:

• Type: ****

The remote operator must wait one second before and after typing the Remote Access sequence. The AT command must not be typed in front of the Remote Access sequence, nor type a carriage return after it. You may change the character used in the Remote Access sequence by changing the value of S Register 67.

If the #A2 command has been issued to your modem, when it receives a request to enter Remote Access mode, it displays:

Enter Password:

Descriptions

Command

on the computer screen of the remote operator. The remote operator must type your modem’s security menu password and press ENTER. Each letter of the Remote Access password is displayed on the remote computer screen as # character.

If no password has been saved, remote access is denied.

If the password is successfully typed, the following prompt appear on the remote computer screen:

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Remote Control Enabled

If the #A1 command has been issued, your modem does not ask for a password upon receiving the remote access sequence.

The remote operator may then type AT commands to the remote modem. The following commands are not allowed:

ATA, ATD, ATH, ATZ, AT&T

To exit Remote Access mode, the remote operator must:

• Type: ATO

Options

**** Request remote access

See Also

#A command Universal Remote Access S Register 66 Remote Access Guard Time

Command

Descriptions

S Register 67 Remote Access Character

COMMAND MEANING

? Interactive Command Help

Your modem will display information about the AT commands it supports if you type a question mark (?) in your AT command.

You can view the modem help as ‘pages’ of information. This allows you to read the information at your own pace.

Press the Spacebar to view the next help page, Backspace or Delete to view the previous page, or ENTER to quit from the help pages.

You may also search for certain commands or words.

S Registers 96 and 97 allow you to change the length and width of each help page to suit your communications software.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Options

AT? Display a list of all the commands your modem

supports.

AT?&T Display a summary of the &T command.

AT?\N3%C2&D2

AT?MNP Display all of the commands which affect MNP.

Display summaries of the \N , %C and &D commands.

See Also

S Register 96 Help Screen Length S Register 97 Help Screen Width

COMMAND MEANING

A/ Repeat Last Command

This command orders the modem to re-execute the last command you entered.

Unlike other commands, the Repeat Last Command should not be preceded by an AT , nor followed by a carriage return.

Descriptions

Command

This command must be typed on one line by itself.

Options

A/ Repeat last command

COMMAND MEANING

A Answer

This command enables you to answer an incoming call manually.

On receiving an incoming call, the modem will send a RING message code to your computer. When you see the ring message:

• Type: ATA <E>

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Your modem will send an answer tone to the calling (originating) modem and wait to receive a carrier signal in return.

The B command selects which communication standards your modem will attempt to connect to.

If a connection cannot be established with the originating modem within the time specified in S Register 7, your modem will hang up and return a NO CARRIER message before returning to the local command state.

Options

ATA Answer an incoming call

See Also

B command Select Communication Standard S Register 0 Ring to Answer On S Register 1 Current Ring Count S Register 7 Wait Time for Carrier

Command

Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

Bn Select Communications Standard

Your modem is capable of connecting to remote systems using a variety of communications standards. This command enables you to select the communications standards you want to use.

Options

Command /Speed Command/Speed

B0 n Auto-Connect B16 V.34 at 14,400bps B1 Auto-Connect B17 V.34 at 16,800 bps B2 Auto-Connect B18 V.34 at 19,200 bps B3 V.21 at 300 bps B19 V.34 at 21,600 bps B4 Bell 103 at 300 bps B20 V.34 at 24,000 bps B5 V.23 at 1200/75 bps B21 V.34 at 26,400 bps B6 V.22 at 1200 bps B22 V.34 at 28,800 bps B7 Bell 212A at 1200 bps B23 (Reserved for V34bis) B8 V.22bis at 2400 bps B24 (Reserved for V34bis) B9 Auto-Connect B25 (Reserved) B10 V.32 at 4800 bps B26 (Reserved) B11 V.32bis at 7200 bps B27 V.34 at 2400bps

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Command /Speed Command/Speed

B12

V.32 (Non-TCM) at 9600 bps B13 V.32 at 9600 bps B29 V.34 at 7200bps B14 V.32bis at 12,000 bps B30 V.34 at 9600bps B15 V.32bis at 14,400 bps B31 V.34 at 12,000bps

Appending ! to the B command locks the modem to the specified speed e.g. ATB19! forces the modem to operate only at V.34 21,600bps

B28 V.34 at 4800bps

FV.34 will automatically fallback to V.FC if the remote modem does

not support V.34

See Also

A command Answer *C commandDisable V.34 B command Select Communication Standard D command Dial

COMMAND MEANING

D Dial

This command allows you to dial a telephone number. The basic dialing command is:

ATD followed by the telephone number.

For example: To dial the number (09) 111-1234

• Type: ATD091111234 <E>

Descriptions

Command

You can use hyphens, spaces or parentheses. They will be ignored by the modem, but they will make it easier to read the command line. For example:

ATD (09) 111-1234

FThe D command must be the final command on a command line,

unless you use the ; dial modifier.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

As well as digits, you may include the following characters when using tone dialing:

A B C D * #

Dial modifiers may be included in the dial command when either tone or pulse dialing.

Example

ATD12345 Dial number 12345

See Also

S Register 6 Dial Tone Wait Time S Register 8 Pause Dial Modifier Delay

Dial Modifiers

Command

Descriptions

Dial modifiers enable you to change the characteristics of dialing. (Definitions for all modifiers appear on the following pages.)

Modifier Meaning

, pause ; return to local command state P use pulse dialing T use tone dialing R reverse mode @ wait for quiet answer J initiate MNP 10 at 1200 bps M initiate MNP 10 at 4800 bps K MNP 10 cellular option L last number redial F or ^ disable calling tones ! hook flash S=n dial stored phone number n W wait for dial tone

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Dial Modifier Definitions

, pause

This modifier orders the modem to pause before dialing the rest of the phone number. This is useful when using a PBX and you need to dial a number to connect to an outside line.

For example: If you must dial 0 to connect to an outside line before dialing (09) 111-1234

• Type: ATD0,091111234 <E> The length of the pause is determined by the value in S Register 8.

FUK Modems. If your PBX requires more than four seconds to obtain

a line, add no more than one extra , to your dial command.

; return to local command state

This modifier orders the modem to return to local command state — without disconnecting — after it has dialed the number.

You may use this modifier to communicate with a mainframe computer using security callback. Your modem dials the number of the mainframe computer and then immediately returns to local command state. Another ATD command can then be used to generate the tones required for the callback identity number.

The ; used in conjunction with the M2 command, allows you to return to local command state with the speaker turned on, allowing you to monitor the progress of the call at the remote modem.

P use Pulse dialing T use Tone dialing

Descriptions

Command

Your modem can use either pulse (decadic) or tone (DTMF) dialing.

The P dial modifier orders the modem to use pulse dialing. The T dial modifier orders the modem to use tone dialing.

If you are not sure which dialing is used by your phone, lift up the handset and listen. If you hear a continuous dial tone, you probably can use tone dialing. Normally, only older telephone exchanges do not support tone dialing.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

If you are still in doubt, use pulse dialing. Most exchanges supporting tone dialing also support pulse dialing, although the reverse is not always true. Contact the supplier of your telephone line if you wish to have tone dialing accessible on your line.

FPulse dialing may not be supported in New Zealand. Refer to your

Installation Guide for details.

R reverse mode

This modifier enables you to switch to answer mode after dialing. When connecting to another modem, one modem must be in originate mode and the other in answer mode to establish a connection. When you use a dial command, your modem is normally in the originate mode.

The R dial modifier enables you to connect to originate only modems. This is also useful when you want to send information at 1200/75 bps (CCITT V.23 standard communications).

If you communicate with another computer in originate mode at 1200/

Command

Descriptions

75 bps, you will be sending data at 75 bps and receiving at 1200 bps. If you have a lot of information to send and not much to receive, it makes sense to switch to answer mode, so that you are sending at the faster rate. For example:

To dial the number 999-9876 and switch to answer mode:

• Type: ATD9999876R <E>

@ wait for quiet answer

The @ modifier orders the modem to wait for one or more rings within the time specified by S Register 7, followed by a period of five seconds of silence occurring some time before dialing the remaining numbers in a phone number.

The default value of S Register 7 is 30. Using this default, the modem will dial the first number, listen for a period of five seconds silence during the next 30 seconds and then, if the silence is detected, dial the next part of the number.

If five seconds of continuous silence is not detected, the modem will hang up and return a message: NO ANSWER

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

If the phone number is engaged, the modem will return a message: BUSY

This modifier is useful for remote access databases which require an identification code to be tone dialed before those databases generate an answer tone.

For example: To tone dial a remote database on 999-1234, wait for a five-second silence and then tone dial an ID code of 1234:

• Type: ATDT9991234@1234 <E>

J initiate MNP 10 at 1200 bps

This modifier allows you to select MNP 10 and make the initial connection at 1200 bps (V.22). MNP 10 is able to automatically adjust the line speed to suit the quality of the phone line. Refer to the chapter titled ‘Error Correction’ for details of MNP 10.

Descriptions

Command

For example: To dial the number 999-9876 using MNP10:

• Type: ATDJ9999876 <E>

M initiate MNP 10 at 4800 bps

This modifier allows you to select MNP 10 and make the initial connection at 4800 bps (V.32). MNP 10 is able to automatically adjust the line speed to suit the quality of the phone line.

For example:

• Type: ATDM9999876 <E>

K MNP 10 Cellular Option

The K dial modifier allows MNP 10 automatic power level adjustment for this call only. Normally MNP 10 power level adjustment is switched on and off with the )M command.

F or ^ disable calling tones

The F dial modifier (or the dial modifier ^) allows you to switch off calling tones for a data call.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

L last number redial

This modifier allows the last number dialed to be re-dialed. The L can be used as a modifier after a number prefix ( but cannot have any number following). The last number dialed is saved in NVRAM. The last number dialed is displayed on the &V display. For example:

• Type: ATD9999876 <E> ATDL will dial 9999876

• Type: ATDT02L <E> This will set tone mode, then dial 02 and then 9999876

! hook flash

The ! dial modifier issues a hook flash signal — the modem hangs up for a short period.

Hook flashes are commonly used with PBXs to transfer calls.

Command

For example:

Descriptions

To dial 0, hook flash and then dial 12345:

• Type: ATD0!12345 <E>

S Register 29 sets the duration of the hook flash.

S=ndial stored phone number n

The modem allows you to store phone numbers in non-volatile memory. The S dial modifier enables you to dial these phone numbers.

The n indicates which stored number you want to dial. To store numbers, use the &Z command. Refer to your Product Guide for information regarding how many phone numbers your modem can store. For example: To dial the stored number two:

• Type ATDS=2 <E>

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

W wait for dial tone

The W modifier causes the modem to wait for a dial tone before dialing. If the modem does not detect a dial tone within 30 seconds, it returns a message of NO DIALTONE, hangs up and returns to local command state.

You can change the dial tone waiting period from the default period of 30 seconds by changing the value in S Register 7.

FWhen using the W modifier, the length of time your modem waits for

a dial tone is determined by the value contained in S Register 7 (Wait for Carrier) and not the value in S Register 6 (Wait for Dial Tone).

FUK Modems. Setting S Register 7 with a value above 58 may invali-

date the approval of your modem. S Register 7 must be set to 20 before issuing the W dial modifier.

Descriptions

Command

If the modem received any characters from the computer while it is waiting for a dial tone, it will hang up, return to local command state and send a NO CARRIER message.

For example: To wait for a dial tone and then dial 111-0123:

• Type: ATDW1110123 <E>

See Also

&Z command Store Phone Number

S Register 6 Wait Time for Dial Tone S Register 7 Wait Time for Carrier S Register 8 Length of Dial Pause S Register 29 Hook Flash Duration

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

E Echo

The E commands enables you to select whether the characters you type at your keyboard (while in the local command state) will be echoed back to the screen by the modem.

Options

ATE0 Disable local command state echo

n ATE1 Enable local command state echo

Range: 0-1

COMMAND MEANING

H Hang Up

The H command forces the modem to hang up.

Command

Descriptions

The H0 command (Hang up) is used to terminate a call.

The H1 command (Go off- hook) can be used to make your modem appear as busy to a remote modem trying to dial in.

When you issue the H1 command, the modem goes off-hook but will not generate carrier or answer tones.

The H2 command causes the modem to go off-hook after the current connection terminates. This is used to take a modem out of service without interrupting the current connection.

Options

ATH0 Hang up ATH1 Go off-hook ATH2 Go off-hook after current connection terminates

Range

0-2

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

I Identity

Your modem contains a product identity code, also known as the firmware identity code.

You can use the I command to display these codes.

Options

ATI0 Display numeric identity code ATI1 Return a checksum of modem’s firmware ATI2 Verify modem firmware checksum and return a result of OK

or ERROR ATI3 Display model identifier ATI4 Display code revision and creation date ATI5 Display manufacturer identification ATI8 Display complete product identification ATI9 Display complete product identification

Descriptions

Command

Range

0-5, 8, 9

COMMAND MEANING

L Speaker Volume Control

Your modem has a volume control which allows you to adjust the volume of its internal speaker.

Your modem is preset for comfortable listening levels in a normal office environment, so most users will not need to change the preset volume of their modem.

There are four speaker volume levels:

0 Lowest volume level 1 Low volume level 2 Medium level 3 Highest volume level

To adjust the volume level:

• Type: ATL0 <E>

(or type 1,2,3 as appropriate)

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

ATL0 Lowest volume level ATL1 Low volume level

n ATL2 Medium level

ATL3 Highest volume level

Range

0-3

See Also

M command Monitor

COMMAND MEANING

M Monitor

Your modem has a built-in speaker enabling you to monitor the progress of calls. You can listen for dial tones, busy signals, a successful connection to another modem, or someone answering your call.

Command

Descriptions

The M command controls the operation of the speaker.

FSome modems also provide volume control via the L command.

Options

ATM0 Speaker is always off

n ATM1 Speaker is on whenever the modem is dialing or

answering a call. When a connection is established,

the speaker is switched off ATM2 Speaker is always on ATM3 Speaker is off whenever the modem is dialing or once

a connection is established ATM4 Speaker is on whenever the modem is dialing or

answering. The speaker will also be on during retrains

or rate changes.

Range

0-4

See Also

L Command Speaker Volume Control

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

O Return to On-Line State

The O command enables you to return to on-line state from command state. When you are on-line (connected to a remote computer), anything you type is treated as data by your modem.

If you want to send commands to your modem, you must return to local command state by typing the escape sequence (+++). When you are ready to return to on-line state, use the O command. If you are off line (modem is on hook) when you are use an ATO command, the modem will go off hook and attempt to connect in answer mode.

FThe O command must be the last command on the command line.

If you have established a connection at greater than 1200bps and are encountering a large number of data errors in your communications, use the ATO1 command to go on line and force an equalizer retrain. (An equalizer retrain conditions the phone line frequencies to reduce the levels of interference and improve data transmission.)

FRetrains cannot overcome noise on the line.

Options

ATO0 Enter on-line state ATO1 Enter on-line state and force equalizer retrain (2400bps

and higher speeds only) ATO2 Retrain, don’t go on-line (2400bps and higher speeds only) ATO3 Change line speed to 4800 bps (V.32bis or V.34) ATO4 Change line speed to 7200 bps (V.32bis or V.34) ATO5 Change line speed to 9600 bps (V.32bis or V.34) ATO6 Change line speed to 12,000 bps (V.32bis or V.34) ATO7 Change line speed to 14,400 bps (V.32bis or V.34 or V.FC) ATO8 Change line speed to 16,800 bps (V.34 or V.FC) ATO9 Change line speed to 19,200 bps (V.34 or V.FC) ATO10 Change line speed to 21,600 bps (V.34 or V.FC) ATO11 Change line speed to 24,000 bps (V.34 or V.FC) ATO12 Change line speed to 26,400 bps (V.34 or V.FC) ATO13 Change line speed to 28,800 bps (V.34 or V.FC)

Descriptions

Command

Range

0-13

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

COMMAND MEANING

P Set Dialing to Pulse

Your modem can use either pulse (decadic) or tone (DTMF) dialing.

The P dial modifier orders the modem to use pulse dialing.

If you are not sure which dialing is used by your phone, lift up the hand set and listen. If you hear a continuous dial tone, you probably can use tone dialing. Normally, only older telephone exchanges do not support tone dialing.

If you are still in doubt, use pulse dialing. Most exchanges supporting tone dialing also support pulse dialing, although the reverse is not always true.

Contact the supplier of your telephone line if you wish to have tone dialing accessible on your line.

Command

Descriptions

FPulse dialing may not be supported in New Zealand. Refer to your

Installation Guide for details.

Options

ATP Select pulse dialing.

See Also

T command Set Dialing to Tone Dial Modifiers - P Use Pulse Dialing Dial Modifiers - T Use Tone Dialing

COMMAND MEANING

Q Quiet (Suppress Response Codes)

Your modem has a variety of messages or response codes which it sends in response to various commands.

Examples of these codes are the OK and CONNECT messages.

The Q command allows you to switch these messages on and off.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

If you switch the messages off, no response codes will be displayed on your screen — with the exception of responses from the ATSn? command and AT&V command.

n ATQ0 Send response codes to the screen

ATQ1 Do not send response codes to the screen ATQ2 Modem does not return RINGING, CONNECT or NO

CARRIER messages when in answer mode.

See Also

Sn? command Display S Register Value V command Verbal Response Codes X command Extended Response Codes SRegister 95 Extended Response Codes

Descriptions

Command

Range

0-2

COMMAND MEANING

R Set Terminal Speed

The R command allows you to switch off “autobauding” and specify the terminal speed at which your modem operates.

Normally your modem uses autobauding, meaning that when you issue commands to your modem, it automatically detects the speed at which you issue the commands and changes its terminal speed to match your computers terminal speed. For example, if your computer is set to a terminal speed of 9600 bps and you change it to 19,200 bps, when you next issue an AT command to the modem, the modem detects the command was issued at 19,200 bps and changes its terminal speed (that is, the modems terminal speed) to 19,200 bps.

When autobauding is switched off, your modem does not does not change its terminal speed to match your computers terminal speed. For example, if you set your modem to use a fixed terminal speed of 26,400 bps, all AT commands must be issued to the modem at 26,400 bps. If you issue commands to your modem at another speed, the modem will not accept the commands.

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Command Descriptions

Your modem can only autobaud at 300 bps through 9600 bps, 14,400 bps, 19,200 bps, 38,400 bps and 57,600 bps.

FIBM PC and compatible computers cannot support some of the high

speeds provided by your modem. If you wish to use terminal speeds above 19,200 bps, we recommend you install a serial card fitted with a 16550 chip. This ensures reliable operation at high speeds when used with the correct drivers and software setup.

If you wish to set your computer terminal speed to another speed, you must issue the appropriate R command immediately prior to setting the computers terminal speed.

Options

n ATR0 Autobaud enabled

ATR1 1200 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR2 2400 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR3 300 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud)

Command

Descriptions

ATR4 4800 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR7 7200 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR9 9600 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR12 12,000 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR14 14,400 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR16 16,800 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR19 19,200 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR21 21,600 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR24 24,000 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR26 26,400 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR28 28,800 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR38 38,400 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR57 57,600 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR76 76,800 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR96 96,000 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR115 115,200 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud) ATR230 230,400 bps (locked terminal speed - no autobaud)

Range

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 14, 16, 19, 21, 24, 26, 28, 38, 57, 76, 96, 115

100

BOCA PRO16 Reference Guide

Boca Pro16 Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual