Page 1
Turbine Flow Meter
1100 Series Turbine Meter
TUR-UM-00014-EN-09 (November 2022)
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User Manual
Page 2
Turbine Flow Meters, 1100 Series
CONTENTS
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Operating Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Specications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Pressure Drop in Water . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Operational Startup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Turbine Replacement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Turbine Replacement Kit Part Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Turbine Assembly Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
New Turbine Kit Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Part Number Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Troubleshooting Guide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12
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Page 3
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
Designed to withstand the demands of the most rigorous flow measurement applications, the Model 1100 turbine flow meter
is reliable, rugged and cost effective. Originally developed for the secondary oil recovery market, the Model 1100 is an ideal
meter for liquid flow measurement on or off the oil field.
The meter features a rugged 316 stainless steel housing and rotor support assemblies, CD4MCU stainless steel rotor, and
abrasive-resistant tungsten carbide rotor, shaft, and journal bearings. The Model 1100 maintains measurement accuracy
and mechanical integrity in the corrosive and abrasive fluids commonly found in oil field water flood projects and other
industrial applications.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Fluid entering the meter passes through the inlet flow straightener that reduces its turbulent flow pattern and improves
the fluid’s velocity profile. Fluid then passes through the turbine, causing it to rotate at a speed proportional to the fluid
velocity. As each turbine blade passes through the magnetic field, the blade generates an AC voltage pulse in the pickup coil
at the base of the magnetic pickup (see Figure 1). These pulses produce an output frequency proportional to the volumetric
flow through the meter. The output frequency represents flow rate and/or totalization of fluid passing through the turbine
flow meter.
Magnetic Pickup
or
Other Frequency
Output Device
Turbine Rotor
Figure 1: Schematic illustration of electric signal generated by rotor movement
*Rotor and
Rotor Shaft
*Upstream
Rotor Support
*Retaining Ring
*Thrust Ball
NOTE: *Indicates parts supplied in repair kits.
Figure 2: Typical cross-section of B110-375…B111-121 turbine flow meter
Output
Signal
Magnetic Pick-up
Conduit Adaptor
Meter Body
Retaining Ring
Groove
Retaining Pins
*Downstream
Rotor Support
*Bearing
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Page 4
Specications
SPECIFICATIONS
Body 316 stainless steel
Materials of
Construction
Operating
Temperature
Pressure Rating* 800 or 5000 psi
End Connections NPT, BSP, Victaulic®, flange, hose barbed
Turndown Ratio 10:1
Accuracy
Repeatability ±0.1%
Calibration Water (NIST traceable calibration)
Pickup
* Consult factory for pressure ratings for anged meters.
** Consult factory for ordering options
Rotor CD4MCU stainless steel
Rotor Shaft Tungsten carbide
Rotor Support 316 stainless steel
–150…350° F (–101…177° C)
±1% of reading for 7/8 in. and larger meters
±1% of reading over the upper 70% of the measuring range for 3/8, 1/2, and 3/4 in. meters
PN:
Description:
Body Thread:
Termination Type:
Mounthing Thread Electrical:
Output:
Resistance:
Gauss:
Temperature Range:
Pinouts:
B111109
Standard Magnetic Pickup; -150…330° F (-101…165° C)
5/8-18 UNF
2-Pin MS
MS3106-10SL-4S
MAG (mV Freq)
1500 Ω ± 10%
~1200
-150…330° F (-101…165° C)
A=Coil, B=Coil (no polarity)
INSTALLATION
PRESSURE IN EXCESS OF ALLOWABLE RATING MAY CAUSE THE HOUSING TO BURST AND CAUSE SERIOUS
PERSONAL INJURY.
AVERTISSEMENT
LA PRESSION AU-DESSUS DE L’ESTIMATION PERMISE PEUT FAIRE ÉCLATER ET CAUSER LE LOGEMENT LE DOMMAGE
CORPOREL SÉRIEUX.
1. Check the internals of the ow meter for any foreign material. Make sure the turbine rotor spins freely prior to installation.
Also, check uid lines and remove any debris found.
2. Install the ow meter with the ow arrow, etched on the exterior of the meter body, pointing in the direction of uid ow.
Though the meter is designed to function in any position, where possible, install it horizontally with the conduit adapter
facing upward.
3. Thread a magnetic pickup (Badger Meter model B111109 or equivalent) into the conduit adapter completely nger tight
without forcing. Secure with a lock nut if supplied.
4. Install conduit or other ttings suitable for the installation area onto the conduit adapter hub on the ow meter.
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Page 5
Installation
All Badger Meter Model 1100 turbine meters use stainless steel and tungsten carbide construction materials. Make sure the
operating fluid is compatible with these materials. Incompatible fluids can cause deterioration of internal components and
cause a reduction in meter accuracy.
The measured liquid should be free of any large particles that may inhibit rotation of the turbine blades. If particles are
present, install a mesh strainer upstream before operating the flow meter. See Table 1 for strainer recommendations.
Part Number Strainer Mesh Clearance Filter Size
B110-375 60 0.0092 in. 260 μm
B110-500 60 0.0092 in. 260 μm
B110-750 60 0.0092 in. 260 μm
B110-875 60 0.0092 in. 260 μm
B111-110 60 0.0092 in. 260 μm
B111-115 20 0.0340 in. 0.86 mm
B111-120 10 0.0650 in. 1.6 mm
B111-121 20 0.0340 in. 0.86 mm
B111-130, B117-130 8 0.0900 in. 2.3 mm
B111-140, B117-140 10 0.0650 in. 1.6 mm
B111-160 4 0.1875 in. 4.8 mm
B111-180 8 0.0900 in. 2.3 mm
B111-200 4 0.1875 in. 4.8 mm
Table 1: Strainer mesh installation details
The preferred plumbing setup is one containing a bypass line (see Figure 3 on page 6) that allows meter inspection and
repair without interrupting flow. If a bypass line is not used, it is important that all control valves be located downstream of
the flow meter (see Figure 4 on page 6).
STRIKING AN EMPTY METER WITH HIGH VELOCITY FLOW STREAM CAN CAUSE DAMAGE.
ATTENTION
DES DOMMAGES PEUVENT ÊTRE PROVOQUÉS EN FRAPPANT UN MÈTRE VIDE AVEC UN JET D’ÉCOULEMENT DE VITESSE
ÉLEVÉE.
Any restriction in the flow line may cause the liquid to flash. If necessary, install air eliminators so that the meter is not
incorrectly measuring entrained air or gas.
Badger Meter recommends installation of a minimum straight pipe length, equal to ten (10) pipe diameters on the upstream
side and five (5) diameters on the downstream side of the flow meter. Otherwise, meter accuracy may be affected. Piping
should be the same size as the meter bore or threaded port size.
Severe pulsation and mechanical vibration affect accuracy and shorten the life of the meter. If this condition is present,
consider using a flow meter possessing superior resistance to pulsation and vibration like the Badger Meter QuikSert. Do not
locate the flow meter or connection cable close to electric motors, transformers, sparking devices, high voltage lines, or place
connecting cable in conduit with wires furnishing power for such devices. These devices can induce false signals in the flow
meter coil or cable, causing the meter to read inaccurately.
If problems arise with the flow meter, consult the Troubleshooting Guide on page 12. If further problems arise, consult
the factory.
Replace damaged internal components of the turbine flow meter with a turbine meter repair kit available from Badger Meter.
See Turbine Replacement on page 8.
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Page 6
Installation
Isolation Valve
21
Electronic
Flow Monitor
Isolation and
Flow Rate
Control Valve
Electronic
Flow Monitor
10 Pipe
Diameters
10 Pipe
Diameters
Figure 3: Meter installation with a bypass line
Turbine
Flow Meter
Figure 4: Meter installation without a bypass line
Turbine
Flow Meter
Bypass Valve
21
5 Pipe
Diameters
5 Pipe
Diameters
Control Valve
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Page 7
PRESSURE DROP IN WATER
Pressure drop in water
30
Pressure Drop vs Flow Rate
2
Pressure Drop vs Flow Rate
1
10
3/4”
3/8”
3”
1/2”
3/4”
7/8”
1”
1
3/8”
1-1/2”
2”
6”
4”
10”
8”
0.1
Pressure Drop Bar
1/2”
1”
7/8”
1-1/2”
2”
4”
3”
8”
6”
10”
Pressure Drop PSID
0.01
0.1
0.5
(17)
(34)
1
10
(343)
100
(3429)
1000
(34,286)
8000
(274,236)
Flow Rate GPM (BPD)
0.005
1
(1.44)
10
(14.4)
Flow Rate LPM (m³/Day)
100
(144)
1000
(1440)
10,000
(14,400)
30,000
(57,600)
Figure 5: English units pressure drops Figure 6: Metric units pressure drops
OPERATIONAL STARTUP
Follow these steps when installing and starting the meter.
MAKE SURE TO SHUT OFF FLUID FLOW AND RELEASE PRESSURE IN THE LINE BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO INSTALL THE
METER IN AN EXISTING SYSTEM.
AVERTISSEMENT
ASSUREZ-VOUS QUE LE FLUX DE FLUIDE A ÉTÉ COUPÉ ET DE LA PRESSION DANS LA LIGNE A ÉTÉ LIBÉRÉE AVANT
D’ESSAYER D’INSTALLER LE MÈTRE DANS UN SYSTÈME ACTUEL.
After meter installation, close the isolation valves and open the bypass valve. Allow liquid to flow through the bypass valve for
sufficient time to eliminate any air or gas in the flow line.
HIGH VELOCITY AIR OR GAS MAY DAMAGE THE INTERNAL COMPONENTS OF THE METER.
ATTENTION
DES DOMMAGES PEUVENT ÊTRE PROVOQUÉS EN FRAPPANT UN MÈTRE VIDE AVEC UN JET D’ÉCOULEMENT DE VITESSE
ÉLEVÉE.
1. Open the upstream isolating valve slowly to eliminate hydraulic shock while charging the meter with the liquid. Open the
valve to full open.
2. Open downstream isolating valve to permit meter to operate.
3. Close the bypass valve to a full closed position.
4. Adjust the downstream valve to provide the required ow rate through the meter.
OTE: N If necessary, use the downstream valve as a control valve.
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Page 8
Turbine replacement
TURBINE REPLACEMENT
The Model 1100 turbine flow meter uses wear-resistant moving parts to provide trouble-free operation and long service life.
Designed for easy field service of a damaged flow meter, Model 1100 repair kits replace only the internal parts, not the entire
flow meter. Repair parts use stainless steel alloys and tungsten carbide construction materials.
Each repair kit is factory calibrated to provide accuracy throughout the entire flow range. Each kit is complete and includes
a new K-factor, which is the calibrated number of pulses generated by each gallon of liquid. Recalibration of the monitor or
other electronics uses the K-factor to provide accurate output data.
OTE: N If the meter repair kit part number ends in NCC (no calibration), it was not factory calibrated. For these repair kits, use
the nominal K-factor.
Turbine Replacement Kit Part Number
Flow Meter Size
3/8 in. B110-375, B110-375-1/2 B251-102
1/2 in. B110-500, B110-500-1/2 B251-105
3/4 in. B110-750, B110-750-1/2 B251-108
7/8 in. B110-875 B251-109
1 in. B111-110 B251-112
1-1/2 in. B111-115 B251-116
2 in. Low B111-121 B251-116
2 in. B111-120 B251-120
3 in. B111-130 B251-131
4 in. B111-140 B251-141
6 in. B111-160 B251-161
8 in. B111-180 B251-181
10 in. B111-200 B251-200
Standard Magnetic Pick-up All Meter Sizes B111109
Turbine Assembly Removal
Replacement Kit Fits
Meter Part Number
Table 2: Repair kit part numbers
Repair Kit Part Number
HIGH-PRESSURE LEAKS ARE DANGEROUS AND MAY CAUSE PERSONAL INJURY. MAKE SURE TO SHUT OFF FLUID FLOW
AND RELEASE RESIDUAL PRESSURE IN THE LINE BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO REMOVE THE METER.
AVERTISSEMENT
LES FUITES À HAUTE PRESSION SONT DANGEREUSES ET PEUVENT CAUSER LE DOMMAGE CORPOREL. ASSUREZ-VOUS
QUE LE FLUX DE FLUIDE A ÉTÉ COUPÉ ET DE LA PRESSION DANS LA LIGNE A ÉTÉ LIBÉRÉE AVANT D’ESSAYER D’ENLEVER
LE MÈTRE.
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Page 9
Turbine replacement
Disassembly
1. Refer to Figure 7, Figure 8 and Figure 9 for relative positions of repair kit components.
2. Remove the magnetic pickup from the meter body to avoid damage during repair.
3. Remove the retaining ring from one end of the meter.
4. Remove the rotor support from the body. If the rotor support is jammed in the body, use a pair of pliers or vise-grips to
break the rotor support free.
5. The rotor may also be removed at this time.
OTE: N 4 in. and larger meters have two retaining rings (one on either side of the rotor) that require removal before the rotor
can be removed (see Figure 9).
6. Remove the retaining ring from the opposite side of the meter.
7. Remove the second rotor support.
Magnetic
Pickup
Flow Direction
Arrow
Flow Direction
Upstream
Rotor Support
Retaining Ring
Upstream
Rotor Support
Retaining Ring
Rotor
Assembly
Retaining Ring
Groove
Flow Direction
Arrow
Flow Meter
Body
FLOW
Retaining Ring
Downstream
Rotor Support
Flow Direction
Arrow
Figure 7: Component positions for B110-375…B111-115 and B111-121
Magnetic
Pickup
Body
Retaining Ring
FLOW
Flow Direction
Arrow
Arrow
Flow Direction
Arrow
Retaining Ring
Groove
Rotor
Assembly
Figure 8: Component positions for B111-120 and B111-130
Groove
Flow Direction
Arrow
Groove
Flow Direction
Arrow
Retaining RingFlow Meter
Retaining Ring
Downstream
Rotor Support
Flow Direction
Arrow
Upstream
Rotor Support
Flow Direction
Arrow
Retaining Ring
Retaining Ring
Grooves
Rotor
Assembly
Retaining Ring Retaining Ring
Magnetic
Pick-up
Flow Meter
Body
FLOW
Flow Direction
Arrow
Retaining Ring
Grooves
Downstream
Rotor Support
Flow Direction
Arrow
Retaining Ring
Figure 9: Component positions for B111-140 and B111-200
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Page 10
Turbine replacement
New Turbine Kit Installation
MPORTANTI
Before reassembly, note that an arrow is cast or engraved on each component. The arrow indicates the primary flow direction. When
reassembled, the arrowheads must point in the direction of the fluid flow. The arrows must also be oriented in the up position on
both rotor supports. The magnetic pickup side of the body signifies the up position. Performance of repair kit calibration is in the up
position. Reinstallation of the repair kit in the up position provides continuation of accurate measurements. Figure 7, Figure 8, and
Figure 9 show the proper alignment and orientation of the repair kits.
OTE: N Fractional size (3/8 in., 1/2 in. and 3/4 in.) rotors do not contain a cast or engraved arrow. However, a colored cap
on the downstream side of the rotor shaft indicates flow direction. Remove this cap before assembly, noting flow
direction.
1. Install one of the rotor supports into the body bore, noting the orientation of the arrow.
2. Secure a retaining ring in the groove. Check for complete installation of retaining rings in each groove.
OTE: N 4 in. and larger meters have a retaining ring at both ends of the rotor (see Figure 9).
3. Insert the rotor and second rotor support in the opposite side of the body, noting the orientation of the arrow.
4. Secure the second retaining ring in the opposite groove, using the same procedure as in step 2 above.
EXCESS AIR PRESSURE MAY DAMAGE THE ROTOR AND BEARINGS BY OVER SPINNING.
ATTENTION
LA PRESSION ATMOSPHÉRIQUE EXCESSIVE PEUT ENDOMMAGER LE ROTOR ET LES ROULEMENTS PRÈS AU-DESSUS DE
LA ROTATION.
5. Check the meter by lightly pung air through the assembly. If the rotor does not turn freely, disassemble the meter and
remove anything that might obstruct movement of the rotor.
NOTE: At this time, electronics require recalibration. Refer to the display's user manual. If there are any questions on
recalibration, contact us or the manufacturer of the associated electronics.
6. Install the magnetic pickup.
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Page 11
PART NUMBER INFORMATION
Part number information
1
Part
Number
B110-375-½
B110-500-½
B110-750-½
B110-375
B110-500
B110-750
B110-875
B111-110
B111-115
B111-121
B311-066
B111-120
B311-004
B111-130
B311-084
B111-140
B311-085
B111-160
B111-180
B111-200
1
Includes Standard Mag Pickup, p/n B111109, -150…330° F (-101…165° C), suitable for all mounting styles
Bore Size
3/8 in.
(9.5 mm)
1/2 in.
(12.7 mm)
3/4 in.
(19.1 mm)
3/8 in.
(9.5 mm)
1/2 in.
(12.7 mm)
3/4 in.
(19.1 mm)
7/8 in.
(22.2 mm)
1 in.
(25.4 mm)
1-1/2 in.
(38.1 mm)
1-1/2 in.
(38.1 mm)
1-1/2 in.
(38.1 mm)
2 in.
(50.8 mm)
3 in.
(76.2 mm)
3 in.
(76.2 mm)
4 in.
(101.6 mm)
4 in.
(101.6 mm)
6 in.
(152.4 mm)
6 in.
(152.4 mm)
8 in.
(203.2 mm)
10 in.
(254 mm)
End Connec-
tions
1/2 in. male NPT 5000
1/2 in. male NPT 5000
1/2 in. male NPT 5000
1 in. male NPT 5000
1 in. male NPT 5000
1 in. male NPT 5000
1 in. male NPT 5000
1 in. male NPT 5000
1-1/2 in. male
NPT
2 in. male NPT 5000
2 in. grooved
end
2 in. female NPT 5000
3 in. male NPT 800
3 in. grooved
end
4 in. male NPT 800
4 in. grooved
end
6 in. male NPT 800
6 in. grooved
end
8 in. grooved
end
10 in. grooved
end
Max.
PSI
5000
5000
800
800
800
800
800
gpm (lpm) bpd m3/d
0.6…3
(2.3…11.4)
0.75…7.5
(2.8…28.4)
2…15
(7.6…56.7)
0.6…3
(2.3…11.4)
0.75…7.5
(2.8…28.4)
2…15
(7.5…56.7)
3…30
(11.4…113.6)
5…50
(18.9…189.3)
15…180
(56.8…681.4)
15…180
(56.8…681.4)
15…180
(56.8…681.4)
40…400
(151.4…1514.2)
60…600
(227.1…2271.2)
60…600
(227.1…2271.2)
100…1200
(378.5…4542.5)
100…1200
(378.5…4542.5)
200…2500
(757.1…9463.5)
200…2500
(757.1…9463.5)
350…3500
(1324.9…13248.9)
500…5000
(1892.7…18927.1)
Flow Ranges
20…100 3.3…16 60 18000 1
25…250 4.1…41 60 13000 1
68…515 10.9…81.75 60 3300 1
20…100 3.3…16 60 18000 2
25…250 4.1…41 60 13000 2
68…515 10.9…81.75 60 3300 2
100…1000 16…160 60 3100 2
170…1700 27.25…272.5 40 870 2
515…6000 82…981 20 330 5
515…6000 82…981 20 330 6
515…6000 82…981 20 330 6
1300…13000 218…2180 20 52 14
2100…21000 327…3270 10 57 15
2100…21000 327…3270 10 57 15
3400…41000 545…6540 10 29 20
3400…41000 545…6540 10 29 20
6800…86000 1090…13626 4 7 46
6800…86000 1090…13626 4 7 46
12000…120,000 1363…19076 4 3 56
17000…171,000 2725…27252 4 1.6 80
Strainer
Mesh
Approx.
K-factor
Pulse/Gal
Meter
Weight
(lb)
End to End
Length
3.00 in.
(76.20 mm)
3.00 in.
(76.20 mm)
3.00 in.
(76.20 mm)
4.00 in.
(101.60 mm)
4.00 in.
(101.60 mm)
4.00 in.
(101.60 mm)
4.00 in.
(101.60 mm)
4.00 in.
(101.60 mm)
6.00 in.
(152.40 mm)
6.00 in.
(152.40 mm)
6.00 in.
(152.40 mm)
10.00 in.
(245.00 mm)
12.50 in.
(317.50 mm)
12.50 in.
(317.50 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
12.00 in.
(304.80 mm)
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Page 12
Turbine Flow Meters, 1100 Series
Control. Manage. Optimize.
Blancett is a registered trademark of Badger Meter, Inc. Other trademarks appearing in this document are the property of their respective entities. Due to continuous research,
product improvements and enhancements, Badger Meter reserves the right to change product or system speci
cations without notice, except to the extent an outstanding
contractual obligation exists. © 2022 Badger Meter, Inc. All rights reserved.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
Trouble Possible Cause Remedy
Meter indicates higher than actual
flow rate
Cavitation.
Debris on rotor support.
Build up of foreign material on
Increase back pressure.
Clean meter.
Clean meter.
meter bore.
Meter indicates lower than actual
flow rate.
Erratic system indication, meter alone
works well (remote monitor
application only).
Gas in liquid.
Debris on rotor.
Worn bearing.
Viscosity higher than calibrated.
Ground loop in shielding. Ground shield one place only. Look for
Install gas eliminator ahead of meter.
Clean meter and add filter.
Clean meter and add filter.
Recalibrate monitor.
internal electronic instrument ground.
Reroute cables away from
electrical noise.
Indicator shows flow when shut off. Mechanical vibration causes rotor to
Isolate meter.
oscillate without turning.
No flow indication.
Full or partial open position.
Fluid shock, full flow into dry meter or
impact caused bearing separation or
broken rotor shaft.
Rebuild meter with repair kit and recalibrate monitor. Move to location where
meter is full on startup or add downstream flow control valve.
Erratic indication at low flow, good
indication at high flow.
Rotor has foreign material wrapped
around it.
Clean meter and add filter.
No flow indication. Faulty pickup. Replace pickup.
System works perfect, except indicates
lower flow over entire range.
Meter indicating high flow, upstream
piping at meter smaller than
meter bore.
Meter indicating low flow, upstream
piping at meter smaller than meter
bore.
By-pass flow, leak. Repair or replace bypass valves, or
faulty solenoid valves.
Fluid jet impingement on rotor. Change piping.
Viscosity lower than calibrated. Change temperature, change fluid or
recalibrate meter.
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