Black Box MT721AE-X21T, MT720AE-X21T, MT720A-35T, MT722A-232T, MT722A-35T User Manual
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Web site: www.blackbox.com • E-mail: info@blackbox.com
CUSTOMER
SUPPORT
INFORMATION
MARCH 1995
MT720A-232T MT721AE-X21T
MT720A-35T MT722A-232T
MT720AE-X21T MT722A-35T
MT721A-232T MT722AE-X21T
MT721A-35T
Fradswitch-8A (232)
Fradswitch-8A (V.35)
Fradswitch-8A (X21)
Fradswitch-16A (232)
Fradswitch-16A (V.35)
Fradswitch-16A (X21)
Fradswitch-24A (232)
Fradswitch-24A (V.35)
Fradswitch-24A (X21)
FRADSWITCH-8A
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FCC AND IC STATEMENTS
1
FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
AND
INDUSTRY CANADIA
RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCE STATEMENTS
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly, that is,
in strict accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, may cause interference to radio communication. It has been
tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A computing device in accordance with the specifications in
Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference when
the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely
to cause interference, in which case the user at his own expense will be required to take whatever measures may be
necessary to correct the interference.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user’s
authority to operate the equipment.
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emission from digital apparatus set out in the Radio
Interference Regulation of Industry Canada.
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les limites applicables aux appareils numériques
de classe A prescrites dans le Règlement sur le brouillage radioélectrique publié par Industrie Canada.
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
2
NORMAS OFICIALES MEXICANAS (NOM)
ELECTRICAL SAFETY STATEMENT
INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD
1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado.
2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser guardadas para referencia futura.
3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus instrucciones de operación deben ser respetadas.
4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser seguidas.
5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por ejemplo, cerca de la tina de baño, lavabo,
sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc..
6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o pedestales que sean recomendados por
el fabricante.
7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo sólo como sea recomendado por el fabricante.
8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo eléctrico más allá a lo descrito en las instrucciones
de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a personal de servicio calificado.
9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su posición no interfiera su uso. La colocación del aparato
eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar en
libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilación.
10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de fuentes de calor como radiadores, registros de calor,
estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores) que producen calor.
11. El aparato eléctrico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de poder sólo del tipo descrito en el instructivo
de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.
12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica y la polarización del equipo no sea eliminada.
13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objetos
colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo particular atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del
aparato.
14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo a las recomendaciones del fabricante.
15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada lejos de las lineas de energia.
16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo.
17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios
de ventilación.
18. Servicio por personal calificado deberá ser provisto cuando:
A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u
B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro del aparato; o
C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o
D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un cambio en su desempeño; o
E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
3
Contents
Chapter Page
1. Specifications.....................................................................................................................................................4
2. Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................6
2.1 Overview ....................................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Applications...............................................................................................................................................6
2.3 X.25 Link Features..................................................................................................................................10
2.4 Frame Relay Link Features.....................................................................................................................10
2.5 HDLC Link Features...............................................................................................................................11
2.6 ASYNC Link Features..............................................................................................................................11
2.7 Buffer Capacity........................................................................................................................................11
2.8 Asynchronous Channel Interface Characteristics.................................................................................11
2.9 Channel PAD Characteristics .................................................................................................................11
2.10 ITU Facilities .........................................................................................................................................12
2.11 Command Facility Features..................................................................................................................12
2.12 Configuration Features.........................................................................................................................13
2.13 Link-Configuration Capabilities...........................................................................................................14
2.14 System-Parameter Configuration Capabilities ....................................................................................14
2.15 System-Control Capabilities..................................................................................................................14
2.16 Remote System Monitoring..................................................................................................................15
2.17 Status and Statistics Collection and Reporting Capabilities...............................................................15
2.18 Diagnostic Features...............................................................................................................................17
3. Installation.......................................................................................................................................................18
3.1 Unpacking ...............................................................................................................................................18
3.2 Site Requirements...................................................................................................................................18
3.3 Fradswitch Hardware Configuration Information................................................................................19
3.3.1 General Information ................................................................................................................19
3.3.2 Internal Jumpers.......................................................................................................................20
3.3.3 Interface Board.........................................................................................................................22
3.3.4 Jumper Setting Procedure .......................................................................................................22
3.4 Installation in 19-inch Racks ..................................................................................................................22
3.5 Cable Connections..................................................................................................................................24
3.5.1 Asynchronous Data-Channel Connections .............................................................................24
3.5.2 X.25 Link Connection..............................................................................................................24
3.5.3 Power Connection....................................................................................................................24
3.5.4 Grounding ................................................................................................................................25
4. Operation ........................................................................................................................................................26
4.1 Controls, Indicators, and Connectors ...................................................................................................26
4.2 Operating the Fradswitch.......................................................................................................................28
4.3 What to Do in Case of Malfunction .......................................................................................................29
5. Quick Start.......................................................................................................................................................30
5.1 Connecting to the Fradswitch Command Facility.................................................................................30
5.2 Basic X.25 Configuration Procedures ...................................................................................................32
5.2.1 Fradswitch Link Configuration................................................................................................32
5.2.2 Fradswitch Routing Table Configuration................................................................................33
5.3 STM Protocol ..........................................................................................................................................34
5.3.1 STM Links .................................................................................................................................34
5.3.2 STM Protocol Configuration ...................................................................................................34
5.4 Weight-Oriented Routing Function.......................................................................................................35
5.5 Management Procedures........................................................................................................................38
5.6 Calling Procedures..................................................................................................................................38
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
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Links (X.25) Characteristics
Number of Links 3
Data Rate All the links aggregate up to 2.15 Mbps
Interface RS-232/V.24, X.21, or V.35 (selected when you order)
Connectors RS-232/V.24 25-pin D-type, female
X.21 15-pin, female
V.35 34-pin, female
Protocol Complies with ITU X.25, LAPB (Blue Book, 1988)
Configuration
Clocking External clocking for receive and transmit paths
Selectable Parameters Frame window (k); Packet window (w);
Timers (T1, T3, T10, T11, T12, T13) and number of retries (N2);
Allocation of logical channels
Link Level Procedure LAPB can act as DTE or DCE at layers 2 and 3; Modulo-8,
128 power sequencing; Frame window range 1 through 127
Packet Size Up to 4096 bytes
Throughput 500 packets per second
RAM Size 256, 512, or 1024 KB
Channels
Number 8, 16, or 24
Interface RS-232/V.24
Connector RJ-45
Data Rate 75 bps to 38.4 Kbps, programmable
Flow Control X-ON/X-OFF
Channel Log-on Messages Herald and bulleting (user-definable)
Command Modes ITU X.28 and proprietary extensions;
ITU X.29
Terminal Handling Enhanced, handling beyond ITU X.3 requirements
1. Specifications
CHAPTER 1: Specifications
5
General
Indicators (9) LEDs: Power; Main links activity; Sub-channels activity;
(3) Loss of synchronization; Error; Overflow; Test
Operating Temperature 32 to 122°F (0 to 50°C)
Humidity Up to 90%, noncondensing
Power
Supply Voltage 115- or 230-VAC (depending which model you ordered),
50/60 Hz
Consumption 15W
Fuse 125 mA, 250V
Size MT720A units: 1.7"H x 17"W x 9.5"D (4.4 x 43.2 x 24.1 cm);
MT721A and MT722A units: 1.7"H x 17"W x 11.7"D
(4.4 x 43.2 x 29.7 cm)
Weight MT720A units: 3.9 lb. (1.8 kg);
MT721A and MT722A units: 5.3 lb. (2.4 kg)
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
6
2.1 Overview
The Fradswitch-8A, Fradswitch-16A, and Fradswitch-24A are combinations of a high-performance
X.25/Frame Relay PAD (Packet Assembler/Disassembler) and a Packet Switch, for concentrating and
switching data in an X.25/Frame Relay environment. A Fradswitch can connect up to eight, sixteen, or
twenty-four asynchronous channels, and up to three synchronous links, and perform packet-switching
functions between all links (X.25 to X.25, X.25 to Frame Relay, and Frame Relay to Frame Relay). The
Fradswitch can also encapsulate various protocols over Frame Relay and over X.25.
The Fradswitch operates on 115- or 230-VAC, depending on which model you ordered, and has very low
power consumption. It’s built into a compact case that can be placed on desktops or shelves. Optional
rackmounting allows installation in a 19-inch rack.
When operating as a PAD, the Fradswitch assembles the data from the asynchronous channels into X.25
packets. The concentrated packetized data stream is transferred to the routing module which then forwards
the packets to the appropriate X.25 link.
When operating as an X.25 switch, packets received over the X.25 link are rerouted to the appropriate link.
If the destination is a Fradswitch asynchronous port, the packets are disassembled into asynchronous data
and then routed to the destination port.
The Fradswitch links can be programmed to operate asynchronously, allowing connection of asynchronous
devices to a link. When programmed to operate in async mode, the link operates like a Fradswitch async
channel with all the X.28 standard facilities.
The Fradswitch can easily expand a network by remote connection of an STM (Statistical Multiplexor)
to one or more of its synchronous links. When one or more STMs are connected to the Fradswitch links,
the asynchronous ports of the STM have all the functionality of PAD ports.
The Fradswitch is compatible with ITU X.2, X.3, X.25, X.28, X.29, and X.121 (Blue Book, 1988).
It supports both switched and permanent virtual circuits. Each channel has multiple-session capabilities.
The Fradswitch provides a variety of call-setup options, including automatic and mnemonic dialing.
2.2 Applications
The Fradswitch supports a wide range of applications:
• Backbone for a low-cost private X.25 network with optional connection to the public network.
(See Figure 2-1.)
• Expansion of the number of asynchronous inputs, using statistical multiplexors (proprietary).
(See Figure 2-2.)
• Public Network access via redundant links. (See Figure 2-3.)
• Running asynchronous data in X.25 packets over Frame Relay. (See Figure 2-4, part a.)
• Running asynchronous data directly over Frame Relay (SLIP protocol over Frame Relay).
(See Figure 2-4, part b.)
2. Introduction
CHAPTER 2: Introduction
7
• Routing between several Frame Relay devices or networks (Frame Relay to Frame Relay switching).
(See Figure 2-5.)
• Connection of devices supporting HDLC protocol to the X.25 or Frame Relay network.
(See Figure 2-6.)
Figure 2-1. Fradswitch-8A serving as backbone for private X.25 data networks.
STAT MUX
STM LINK
X.25 LINK
X.25 LINK
X.25
NETWORK
X.25 PUBLIC
DATA
NETWORK
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
8
Figure 2-2. Fradswitch-8A providing X.25 switching and async channel expansion.
Figure 2-3. Fradswitch-8A serving as a PAD with redundant link and load sharing.
One link configured as async channel.
FRADSWITCH-8A
STM
X.25
X.25
64 Kbps
COMPUTER
STAT-24
(MX868A)
X.25
PUBLIC
NETWORK
X.25 PUBLIC
NETWORK
ASYNC LINK
ASYNC
CHANNELS
X.25 NETWORK ACCESS
128 Kbps
X.25 REDUNDANT NETWORK ACCESS
19.2 Kbps
FRADSWITCH-8A
CHAPTER 2: Introduction
9
Figure 2-4. (a) Fradswitch-8A operating as a switch at the user side: Conversion of Frame Relay to X.25.
(b) Fradswitch-8A operating as a FRAD at the user side: Conversion of Frame Relay to async.
Figure 2-5. Fradswitch-8A serving as a backbone for Frame Relay private data network.
X.25
FRAME
RELAY
FRAME
RELAY
FRAME
RELAY
FRAME
RELAY
FRAME
RELAY
PRIVATE
DATA
NETWORK
FRAME
RELAY
FRAME
RELAY
NETWORK
ASYNC
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
(A)
(B)
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
10
Figure 2-6. Fradswitch-8A connecting HDLC devices over X.25 or Frame Relay.
2.3 X.25 Link Features
When the Fradswitch links are configured for X.25, they operate synchronously at data rates up to
2.15 Mbps. The links interface is DTE or DCE, and the data rate is determined by the external clock rate.
You can order the Fradswitch with interfaces for RS-232/V.24, X.21, or V.35.
The links packet size supported by the Fradswitch is configurable (up to 4096 bytes), and the frame window
range is selectable in the range of 1 through 7 (for modulo-8 operation), or 1 through 127 (for modulo-128
or extended operation).
Fradswitch links fully support switched virtual circuits (SVC) and permanent virtual circuits (PVC). The links
protocol is LAPB per ITU X.25, and the Fradswitch can act as either DTE or DCE with respect to the layer 2
and layer 3 protocols.
2.4 Frame Relay Link Features
When a link is configured for Frame Relay, packets are processed as follows. If the Fradswitch is located at
the user side (acting as an end device), the received Frame Relay packets are converted into async or X.25
format and are routed to the appropriate port. (See Figure 2-4.) If the Fradswitch is located at the network
side, the received Frame Relay packets are routed to another Frame Relay link. (See Figure 2-5.)
Acting as a FRAD (Frame Relay Assembler/Disassembler), the Fradswitch can either convert the
asynchronous data into X.25 packets and concentrate the packetized data stream over the Frame Relay
link, or directly run asynchronous data over Frame Relay.
FRADSWITCH-8A
FRADSWITCH-8A
ETHERNET
BRIDGE
BRIDGE
TRANSPARENT
HDLC
X.25 OR
FRAME
RELAY
X.25 OR
FRAME
RELAY
NETWORK
X.25 OR
FRAME
RELAY
TRANSPARENT
HDLC
ETHERNET
CHAPTER 2: Introduction
11
The Fradswitch employs a unique funneling method for controlling network congestion and moderating
feeder throughput speed.
CCLM and LMI management protocols are supported, and operation is in compliance with ANSI T1.606,
T1.619, T1.617 Annex D, and ITU Q.922, Annex A.
2.5 HDLC Link Features
The Fradswitch links can be programmed to operate with transparent HDLC allowing computers, bridges,
and HDLC communication devices to be connected over X.25 or Frame Relay networks. The HDLC
protocol is encapsulated over the X.25 or Frame Relay protocol, providing end-to-end transparent
operation. (See Figure 2-6.)
2.6 ASYNC Link Features
The Fradswitch links can be programmed to operate asynchronously, allowing connection of asynchronous
devices to the links. When programmed to operate as async, the links operate like Fradswitch series async
channels with all the standard facilities. (See Figure 2-3.)
2.7 Buffer Capacity
The Fradswitch series uses dynamic on-demand allocation of data buffers, in accordance with the channels
and links traffic conditions. The Fradswitch series automatically changes the buffer allocation on-line,
to make the best possible use of the free RAM capacity.
The standard Fradswitch RAM size is 256 KB; as an option, the Fradswitch can be ordered with
1024 KB RAM, to increase the throughput in environments that generate high traffic volumes.
2.8 Asynchronous Channel Interface Characteristics
Channel operation is asynchronous. The asynchronous word format is user-configurable, by means of
proprietary extension to the ITU X.28 basic set of commands. For flexibility in applications, flow control
can be performed either by software (X-ON/X-OFF) or by hardware handshaking.
All of the Fradswitch channels have RS-232/V.24 DCE interfaces. Each channel has its own eight-pin
RJ-45 connector.
2.9 Channel PAD Characteristics
The Fradswitch includes eight essentially independent PADs, one for each channel. All the channel
PADs share the three X.25 physical links. The channel PADs support multiple sessions with independent,
user-selected session profiles. This means that any user connected to one of the Fradswitch channels can
simultaneously conduct several virtual circuits carried by different logical channels. The maximum number
of sessions per channel is up to 4.
FRADSWITCH-8A, FRADSWITCH-16A, FRADSWITCH-24A
12
The Fradswitch supports four call-initiation methods, independently selectable for each channel.
1) Manual (regular) call initiation, whereby the user provides all the information required to set
up the call by entering an X.28 command.
2) Mnemonic call initiation, whereby the user need only enter a mnemonic (call ID). The channel PAD
then retrieves the call-setup information from the Fradswitch’s memory.
3) Automatic call initiation (autocall). The call is automatically initiated as soon as the user equipment is
turned on, in accordance with predefined call-setup information stored in the Fradswitch’s memory. To
completely automate the call setup, a user-defined sequence of X.28 commands (alias) can automatically
be sent after the call is set up. The sophisticated Fradswitch autocall mode includes two measures that
allow for the reliable setup of the desired call:
Automatic call setup retry: the user can specify the number of retries, and the interval between
consecutive retries.
An alternative address for call setup that is automatically used when it is not possible to set up
a call to the first address.
4) Use of permanent virtual circuit (PVC). The call is automatically set up by the X.25 network switch,
in accordance with predefined call-destination data requested at subscription time.
2.10 ITU Facilities
The ITU X.2 facilities supported by the Fradswitch series are:
• Closed user groups
• Fast select
• Reverse charging
• Throughput class negotiation
• Packet and window size negotiation
• Charging information
• Network user identification (NUI)
2.11 Command Facility Features
The Fradswitch series channel PADs operate under the control of a central command facility.
The command facility can be used to perform the following activities:
• Set up the individual channel PAD configuration parameters
• Determine common Fradswitch configuration parameters
• Perform statistics and performance monitoring on the Fradswitch and its channels
• Perform diagnostic activities
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