Black Box LR5200A-R2, LR5100A-T User Manual

Series 5000 Bridge/Router

User and System Administration Guide

LR5100A-T, LR5200A-R2

5500147-10 equivalent to 5500071-11

Speed — Ethernet: Series 5100: 10 Mbps, Series 5200

10/100 Mbps. WAN: V.35, V.11, V24, G.703: up to

2.048 Mbps aggregate, CSU/DSU (WAN): 56/64 Kbps; ISDN(WAN): 128 Kbps

CSU/DSU module: RJ48S; ISDN module: RJ45 Series 5100: 1 of 3 possible LAN connectors: BNC female Thinnet, RJ45 female 10BaseT, or DB15 female AUI; Series 5200 LAN connector: RJ45 female 10/100 BaseT

Protocol — IP & IPX Multi-Protocol router capabilities;

Console port DB25 female

Protocol-independent MAC-layer bridging; SNMP

terminal access Indicators — (4) LEDs: Power, LAN, Link 1, Link 2 Connectors — V.35 module: DB25 female;

V.11 / X.21 module: DB15 female

V.24 / RS.232 module: DB25 female;

RS.442 / RS.530module: DB25 female;

Power — 100-250VAC, 50-60 Hz, 0.3-0.7 A

(internal); IEC950 male connector

Size — Bridge/Routers: 2.5"H x 8"W x 14.5"D

(6.5 x 20.5 x 37 cm);

WAN Interface Modules: 2”H x 2”W x 4”D (5.5 x

5.5 x 10.5 cm).

G.703module: BNC female;

Weight — Bridge/Routers:11 lb. (4.9 kg);

INSTRUCCIONES DE SEGURIDAD (Normas Oficiales Mexicanas Electrical Safety Statement)

1. Todas las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser

leídas antes de que el aparato eléctrico sea operado.

2. Las instrucciones de seguridad y operación deberán ser

guardadas para referencia futura.

3. Todas las advertencias en el aparato eléctrico y en sus

instrucciones de operación deben ser respetadas.

4. Todas las instrucciones de operación y uso deben ser

seguidas.

5. El aparato eléctrico no deberá ser usado cerca del agua—por

ejemplo, cerca de la tina de baño, lavabo, sótano mojado o cerca de una alberca, etc.

6. El aparato eléctrico debe ser usado únicamente con carritos o

pedestales que sean recomendados por el fabricante.

7. El aparato eléctrico debe ser montado a la pared o al techo

sólo como sea recomendado por el fabricante.

8. Servicio—El usuario no debe intentar dar servicio al equipo

eléctrico más allá a lo descrito en las instrucciones de operación. Todo otro servicio deberá ser referido a personal de servicio calificado.

9. El aparato eléctrico debe ser situado de tal manera que su

posición no interfiera su uso. La colocación del aparato eléctrico sobre una cama, sofá, alfombra o superficie similar puede bloquea la ventilación, no se debe colocar en libreros o gabinetes que impidan el flujo de aire por los orificios de ventilación.

10. El equipo eléctrico deber ser situado fuera del alcance de

fuentes de calor como radiadores, registros de calor, estufas u

otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificadores) que producen calor.

11. El aparato electico deberá ser connectado a una fuente de

poder sólo del tipo descrito en el instructivo de operación, o como se indique en el aparato.

12. Precaución debe ser tomada de tal manera que la tierra fisica

y la polarización del equipo no sea eliminada.

13. Los cables de la fuente de poder deben ser guiados de tal

manera que no sean pisados ni pellizcados por objectos colocados sobre o contra ellos, poniendo particular atención a los contactos y receptáculos donde salen del aparato.

14. El equipo eléctrico debe ser limpiado únicamente de acuerdo

a las recomendaciones del fabricante.

15. En caso de existir, una antena externa deberá ser localizada

lejos de las lineas de energia.

16. El cable de corriente deberá ser desconectado del cuando el

equipo no sea usado por un largo periodo de tiempo.

17. Cuidado debe ser tomado de tal manera que objectos liquidos

no sean derramados sobre la cubierta u orificios de ventilación.

18. Servicio por personal calificado devera ser provisto cuando: A: El cable de poder o el contacto ha sido dañado; u B: Objectos han caído o líquido ha sido derramado dentro

del aparato; o

C: El aparato ha sido expuesto a la lluvia; o D: El aparato parece no operar normalmente o muestra un

cambio en su desempeño; o

E: El aparato ha sido tirado o su cubierta ha sido dañada.

TRADEMARKS

IBM® is a registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. VT100™ and VT52™ are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Wyse® is a registered trademark of Wyse Technology.

Federal Communications Commission (FCC)

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.

Warning: The user is cautioned that modifications to this equipment can void the authority granted by the FCC to operate the equipment

The following repairs may be made by the customer: none.

Canadian Emissions Standard ICES-003

This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus as set out in the interference-causing equipment standard entitled “Digital Apparatus”, ICES-003 of the Industry Canada.

Cet appareil numérique respecte les limites de bruits radioélectriques applicables aux appareils numériques de Classe A prescrites dans la norme sur le matériel brouilleur: “Appareils Numériques”, NMB-003 édictée par Industrie Canada.

For products marked with the CE Telecommunications label, the following declaration

applies:

“The manufacturer declares that as shipped from the factory this product is in compliance with the CE Telecommunications Terminal Equipment Directive 91/263/EEC with the marking applied in respect of this declaration, and in respect of the following telecommunications

interfaces,

X.21(V.11) - NET 1 X.21bis(V.28) and X.21bis(V.35) - NET 2 PSTN ISDN Basic Rate Interface compatible with I.420 - NET 3

The manufacturer further declares that the product conforms with the requirements of the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EEC and with the requirements of the EMC Directive 89/336/EEC (for radiated emissions at the Class A level). This product is not intended for residential applications.”

ISDN Type Approval Labels

Labels for National ISDN Type Approvals can be found on the inside surface of the backpanel of the ISDN module.

Canadian ISDN Approval

The ISDN interface of this device is intended for direct connection to the S/T jack of an NT-1 unit and therefore does not require Communications Canada certification. The Series 5000 should only be connected to Communications Canada approved NT-1 units.

Statements for ISDN U Module

NOTICE: The Canadian Department of Communications label identifies certified equipment. This certification means that the equipment meets

CAUTION: Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric inspection authority, or

certain telecommunications network protective, operational and safety requirements. The Department does not guarantee the equipment will operate to the user’s satisfaction.

Before installing this equipment, users should ensure that it is permissible to be connected to the facilities of the local telecommunication company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. The customer should be aware that compliance with the above conditions may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.

Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by the supplier. Any repairs or alteration made by the user to this equipment, or equipment malfunctions, may give the telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.

Users should ensure for their own protection that the electrical ground connections of the power utility, telephone lines and internal metallic water pipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly important in rural areas.

electrician, as appropriate.

Using This Manual

This Installation and Applications Guide provides the basic information required to initially set-up and configure the router. This guide is organized into the following sections:

“Installation” provides instructions for installing the router. “Typical Applications & How to Configure Them” provides simple configuration examples for typical

applications in which the router might be used. The applications described in this document are for example only and provide a method of quick configuration of the router. The applications and corresponding configuration may be combined if the operation of the router requires more complexity. For more complete information on all of the configuration parameters available please refer to the appropriate Menu Reference Manual file for your operating software on the accompanying CD-ROM.

“Introduction to Filtering” provides an introduction to the pattern filtering options of the router. Several examples of typical pattern filters are also provided.

”Menu Trees” provides a graphical tree type overview of the structure of the built-in menu system of the router. All of the configuration is performed using the options provided in the menu system. The Menu Tree is like an index to the menu options.

“Octet Locations on Ethernet Frames” provides a graphical representation of the various common Ethernet frames that the router will bridge or route. When defining a pattern filter, these frame displays indicate the offset values to use in order to define the pattern filter correctly.

“Servicing Information” provides information on changing Link interfaces. “Interface Pinouts” provides information on Link interface connectors.

Using The Electronic Reference Manuals

This manual and the router Reference Manuals are provided as Adobe Acrobat PDF files on the accompanying CDROM.

The Adobe Acrobat Reader program required to view the Manuals is also loaded onto the CD-ROM. In addition, it is available for most computer operating platforms from Adobe on the Internet at: www.adobe.com.

The Reference Manual provides the following information:

Introduction to bridging, routing, and product features, Pin out references for the link modules, List of event and alarm logs, and Expanded description of programmable filtering.

The PPP Menu Reference Manual provides the following information:

Complete description of the options for the built-in menu system, including PPP ISDN, PPP Leased Line, 1490 Frame Relay and encapsulated PPP Frame Relay.

1 INSTALLATION 1

Unpack the Router.................................................................................................1

Select a Site..............................................................................................................1

Identify the Reset Switch.......................................................................................2

Identify the Connectors.........................................................................................3

Connect to the Console.................................................................................................3

Make the Link Connection(s) .......................................................................................4

Power Up the Bridge/Router...............................................................................5

Managing the router Using the Menus...............................................................5

Conventions ............................................................................................................6

Setting the T1/E1Parameters (T1/E1 WAN only)...................................................8

Mandatory Configuration..............................................................................................10

Identify the Status LEDs.......................................................................................11

2 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS & HOW TO CONFIGURE THEM 13

Bridging and Routing.............................................................................................14

Should You Bridge or Route?...............................................................................14

Bridging ............................................................................................................................15

IP Routing........................................................................................................................16

IP Addressing ...........................................................................................................................17

Masks..........................................................................................................................................18

IP Subnets.................................................................................................................................18

IP Default Gateway................................................................................................................. 20

IP Static Route.......................................................................................................................... 20

IPX Routing.....................................................................................................................21

Novell Servers in Both Locations.........................................................................................21

Novell Servers in One Location Only.................................................................................. 22

Novell Server with Dual LANs............................................................................................. 24

PPP Overview.................................................................................................................25

PPP Link Configuration .........................................................................................................25

Numbered Links......................................................................................................................25

Unnumbered Links..................................................................................................................26

Multilink Operation................................................................................................................. 27

Basic WAN Configurations...................................................................................28

Basic ISDN Connections ..............................................................................................28

PPP ISDN Manual Call Quick Connections ......................................................................31

IPX Router Manual Call Connection..............................................................................32

IP Router Manual Call Connection.................................................................................32

Basic Frame Relay Configuration.................................................................................33

Auto Learning the Frame Relay Configuration..................................................................34

Manual Configuration - LMI Type.......................................................................................35

Quick Start Frame Relay......................................................................................................... 36

Basic Leased Line Configuration..................................................................................37

Quick Start PPP Leased Line Connections.........................................................................37

Bridge Connection.............................................................................................................38

IP Router Connection .......................................................................................................38

IPX Router Connection....................................................................................................38

Configure Remote Site Profiles............................................................................39

Configure Remote Site Profiles for ISDN PPP.........................................................40

Contents

Configure Remote Site Profile for Frame Relay........................................................42

Configure Remote Site Profiles for Leased Line PPP..............................................45

Configure Remote Site Profiles for Frame Relay with ISDN backup...................47

Advanced Features................................................................................................. 48

Configure Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol....................................................48

Network Address Translation and Port Translation ................................................50

Security..............................................................................................................................52

Configure PPP Security...........................................................................................................52

Configure Firewall....................................................................................................................54

Network Address Translation................................................................................................57

Filters..........................................................................................................................................57

Compression....................................................................................................................57

Bandwidth On Demand ................................................................................................58

3 INTRODUCTION TO FILTERING 59

MAC Address Filtering .........................................................................................59

Pattern Filtering......................................................................................................60

Popular Filters.........................................................................................................61

Bridge.......................................................................................................................61

IP & Related Traffic.......................................................................................................61

Novell IPX Frames.........................................................................................................61

NetBIOS &NetBEUI (Windows For Workgroups).................................................61

Banyan ..............................................................................................................................62

IP Router.................................................................................................................62

NetBIOS over TCP........................................................................................................62

Other interesting TCP Ports.........................................................................................62

APPENDIX A MENU TREES 63 APPENDIX B OCTET LOCATIONS ON ETHERNET FRAMES 67

Octet Locations on a Bridged TCP/IP Frame..................................................67

Octet Locations on a Bridged Novell Netware Frame.....................................68

ETHERNET Type Codes....................................................................................68

Octet Locations on an IP Routed TCP/IP Frame............................................69

Octet Locations on an IPX Routed Novell Netware Frame...........................69

Octet Locations on a Bridged XNS Frame........................................................70

APPENDIX C SERVICING INFORMATION 71

Opening the case.................................................................................................... 71

Identifying the Internal Components..................................................................72

To Clear a “Lost” Password.................................................................................73

Changing LAN or WAN Interfaces....................................................................73

Selecting MDI or MDI-X LAN Interface..........................................................73

Installing the ISDN Link Modules......................................................................74

Processor settings for the ISDN Link Modules ................................................74

Changing the Termination Straps on the ISDN S/T Interface ...................... 75

Connecting to the ISDN-U Link Module..........................................................75

Performing a Software Upgrade ..........................................................................76

APPENDIX D INTERFACE PINOUTS 79

Pinout Information.........................................................................................................79

Link Clocking Information ...........................................................................................79

ATL-CSU/DSU Link Module Information...............................................................79

Console Pinouts..............................................................................................................81

V.24 & RS232C Link Pinouts...............................................................................82

V.11/X.21 Link Pinouts.......................................................................................83

RS442 & RS530 Link Pinouts...............................................................................84

V.35 Link Pinouts...................................................................................................85

RS232 Null-Modem Cable Configuration ..........................................................86

V.35 Null-Modem Cable Configuration .............................................................87

RS530 Null-Modem Cable Configuration ..........................................................88

RS530 To RS449 Conversion Cable....................................................................89

V.11/X.21 Null-Modem Cable Configuration...................................................90

Contents

* * * *

Installation

This product is a flexible Ethernet Bridge/Router that may be configured to service Local Area Networks and Wide Area Network connections over leased lines, ISDN circuits, and frame relay permanent virtual circuits. The router supports two independent LANs plus one WAN interface or a single LAN plus two WAN interface modules (if two ISDN BRI modules are installed, this will provide 4 WAN links)

PPP ISDN units provide bridging, IP/IPX routing, and compression over a PPP ISDN connection and support an ISDN BRI interface via an integral ISDN-ST or ISDN-U link module. The ISDN BRI interface supports two 64 Kbps B-channels.

PPP Lease line units provide bridging, IP/IPX routing, and compression and support one or two physical wide area network (WAN) links that may operate at speeds up to 2.048 Mbps.

Frame Relay units provide bridging and IP/IPX routing and support 1 to 128 Permanent Virtual Circuit (PVC) across two physical wide area links running RAW 1490 or encapsulated PPP.

The following instructions provide a quick set-up guide for installation of the router:

Unpack the Router

Rough handling during shipment can damage electronic equipment. As you unpack the bridge/router, carefully check for signs of damage. If damage is suspected, contact the shipper. Save the box and all packing material to protect the bridge/router should it ever need to be moved or returned for service.

Check the packing slip that identifies the components and the LAN connector.

Select a Site

Place the bridge/router in a well ventilated area. The site should maintain normal office temperature and humidity levels. Air vents located on the sides of the bridge/router must have approximately one inch / 2.5 centimeters of clearance from any object.

Applications

Front

Bottom

Identify the Reset Switch

The small hole under the front right corner of the faceplate is used in case a hardware reset is required. The end of a paper clip is sufficient to toggle the small switch behind the hole.

View

RESET

View

Figure 1-1 Location of the Reset Hole on Router

Identify the Connectors

CONSOLE

Link 1 module

Link 2 module

LAN/Console module

Power connector

CONSOLE

10/100 BT LAN

LAN/Console module

LAN 2 module

Link 2 module

The router is configured with a 10/100BaseT LAN and either one or two optional interface modules. The optional modules may be a second LAN (10 BaseT), a second LAN plus one WAN module, a single WAN module or two WAN modules.

Important: If a second LAN module is installed, it must be in the slot 1 (leftmost position

when viewed from the rear of the unit) to operate. In addition, if only one optional interface module is installed, it must be in slot 1

Each interface may be changed by simply removing the existing module and installing a new module. Refer to Appendix D: Servicing Information for information on replacing modules.

MDI-X MDI

10/100 BT LAN

CSU/DSU

LINE

RS-232/V.24

Applications

Figure 1 -3 Rear View of the router with a single LAN connection and two WAN

modules

MDI-X MDI

10 BT LAN

RS-232/V.24

Power connector

Figure 1-4 Rear View of the router with Dual LAN connections and a single WAN

module

Connect to the Console

Connection to the bridge/router operator’s console is made through the DB25 connector labeled CONSOLE on the back of the bridge/router.

Connect the console port of the Router to a computer running an asynchronous communication package or a standard asynchronous terminal. The bridge/router supports autobaud rates at 1200, 2400, 9600, 19,200, 38,400 or 57,600 bps. Both the bridge/router and the bridged network are configured through the use of “hotkey” Menus.

Applications

Make the Link Connection(s)

By default the links are configured as permanent DTE interfaces. The clocking for each link will be provided by the DCE device connected to each link.

The V.35 link modules require interface converters that convert from a DB25 connector to a male 34-pin (V.35) connector used for the V.35 interface. Be sure to secure the cable connector(s) to the bridge/router and the communications equipment with the connector screws to prevent accidental disconnection.

The CSU/DSU module uses a RJ-48S connector to interface with the digital data service. G.703 modules use a standard BNC connector with a 75 ohm cable. The ISDN-ST interface module of the ISDN Router provides a RJ-45 connector to connect

to the RJ-45 connector of the NT1 provided with your ISDN service. The ISDN-U interface module of the ISDN Router provides an integrated NT1 with a RJ-

45 connector to connect directly with your ISDN service. Pinouts for the WAN connectors are listed in Appendix D of this manual.

Power Up the Bridge/Router

Once the LAN and Link connections are made and the console is connected to a terminal, you are ready to power-up the router. Connect the AC power cord to the back of the router and plug the cord into the AC wall outlet.

Observe the LEDs as the bridge/router powers up. The LEDs will go through a circular flashing pattern as the power-up diagnostics are performed. After the power-up diagnostics are finished, the Power LED will go from red to green.

Enter at least one <RETURN> (up to three if necessary) in order for the bridge/router to determine the baud rate of the terminal used for the console (i.e., autobaud). The following information will now be seen on the console connected to the bridge/router :

Terminals supported:

ansi, avt, ibm3101, qvt109, qvt102, qvt119, tvi925, tvi950, vt52, vt100, wyse-50, wyse-vp, teletype

Enter terminal type:

Select the terminal type being used if listed and enter its name (in lower case) at the prompt, or choose the terminal type teletype if your terminal is not listed. This terminal type operates in scroll mode and may be used successfully until a custom terminal definition is created.

Applications

Managing the router Using the Menus

This section describes the minimum configuration parameters required when setting up the router. Each of the configuration scenarios requires setting of operational parameters on the router. The built-in menu system of the router is used to configure the unit.

The router menu system operates on a “hotkey” principle; navigating around the menu system is done by typing the number associated with the desired option; the router acts on the choice immediately (no need to hit the “enter” key).

The menu system consists of different menu levels each containing new configuration options. Navigation back out of a nested menu is easily accomplished by pressing the tab key. The tab key takes you to the previous menu level. If you wish to move from your current menu location directly to the main menu simply press the equals “=” key.

When choosing menu options that will toggle between values, simply pressing the number associated with that option will cause the options value to change. Each successive selection of the option will cause the option’s value to change again.

Some menu options require input from the operator. When selecting an option that requires a value, the menu system will display the range of values acceptable and a prompt symbol “>”. Enter the new value at the prompt symbol and press enter. Should you make an error in entering the new value, the <BACKSPACE> key (for most terminals) deletes the most recently entered characters.

Applications

Conventions

Throughout this section, router menu options are shown that are required for the various configuration choices. The appropriate menu options are shown in each instance in the following format:

Configuration Option Name

Location: Main

Ä Sub-Menu Name

Ä Option Name

The configuration option is shown as well as the options location within the menu system. The Ä character indicates that a sub-menu level

must be chosen. The option name is finally shown in italics. The keyboard graphic in the left margin indicates that this is information

that the user will have to enter for configuration.

The note icon is used to provide miscellaneous information on the configuration and set-up of the router.

Configuration: The Configuration Note is used to indicate that there may be a difference in Note configuration between the various operational modes of the router. This

may mean for example that the remote site set-up is configured differently for an ISDN PPP router than for Frame Relay.

The information icon is used to indicate that more information is available on this subject. The information is usually located within another document as specified.

The caution icon indicates that caution should be taken when performing this task.

At the login screen type a 1 and the default password to enter the menu system of the Router. The default password is “BRIDGE” (case sensitive) and should be changed if security is desired.

With the options of the built-in menu system, the router may be configured to operate within your environment.

Refer to the PPP Menus Manual file for your operating software on the accompanying CDROM for a complete description of all the Menu Options.

The menu system of the router may also be used to view system statistics.

Note: Bridge/Router database changes and statistics viewing may be done remotely by establishing Telnet

connections to a partner bridge/router across the WAN. This is accomplished by selecting the “Telnet” option.

Applications

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä Access Set-up

Ä Telnet Set-up

Ä Telnet

Specify the name or IP address of the router you wish to connect to for configuration purposes or viewing of statistics.

Noting the Device name at the top left of each Menu may identify the router being controlled.

If there is no data transmitted or received for a period of 5 minutes, the Telnet session will be disconnected.

To disconnect from the router being controlled, enter Control-C ( ^C ).

Telnet security considerations: Telnet may be disabled to prevent remote access control of the router. If Telenet access is enabled, the device password should be changed to some value other than the default to prevent unauthorized access.

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä Access Set-up

Ä Device Set-up

Ä Password

Applications

Setting the T1/E1Parameters

(T1/E1 WAN only)

The parameters required for a T1 or E1 connection may be obtained from your service provider. These may then be entered via the T1/E1 set-up menu to configure the router for that service.

T1/E1 Selection:

Set the service mode to which this router will be connected.

Service parameters:

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä WAN Set Up

Ä Link Set Up

Ä T1/E1 Set Up

Ä Link mode

T1 or E1

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä WAN Set Up

Ä Link Set Up

Ä T1/E1 Set Up

Ä Speed/Channel rate

56/64 kbps

Ä T1/E1framing

framed/unframed/SF/ESF

Ä Line encoding

AMI/INV_AMI/ B8ZS/HDB3

Select the service channel speed, framing format, and encoding as designated by the service provider.

T1 service requires the specification of a Line Build Out factor. This parameter modifies the transmitted signal to compensate for degradation due to line losses between the transmitter and receiver. A number of different options are available to meet standards for T1 long haul (direct connection to service providers central office facility), T1 short haul (connection through a local PBX), AT&T TR64211 specification long haul and AT&T TR64211 short haul. Your service provider will tell you which specification their service requires. Short haul LBOs are listed as the length of the cable run (in feet) between the router and the local exchange.

E1 service does not require line build out selection.

Set Link Interface Type:

T1 long-haul LBOs: L0db, L7.5db, L15db, L22.5db Short haul LBOs: S0to110ft, S110to220ft, S220to330ft, S330to440ft,

S440to550ft, S550to660ft AT&T standard TR64211long-haul connection: TL0db AT&T standard TR64211 short-haul connection: TS0to110ft, TS110to220ft,

TS220to330ft, TS330to440ft, TS440to550ft, TS550to660ft

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä WAN Set Up

Applications

Ä Link Set Up

Ä T1/E1 Set Up

Ä LBO

as specifed

If fractional T1/E1 service is being provided, you will need to specify the channels/timeslots to be used.

Set Link Interface Type:

Some E1 service providers reserve timeslot 16 for network management use. If your service specifies that timeslot 16 is for their use, toggle this option to reserved

Set Link Interface Type:

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä WAN Set Up

Ä Link Set Up

Ä T1/E1 Set Up

Ä Slot/Channel Set Up

Ä Start

first channel

Ä Number

number of channels

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä WAN Set Up

Ä Link Set Up

Ä T1/E1 Set Up

Ä Slot/Channel Set Up

Ä E1 Timeslot 16

reserved

Applications

Mandatory Configuration

The router requires a minimum amount of mandatory configuration in order to operate. The following table identifies the configuration parameters that must be defined for proper operation under the operational states shown in the table.

Bridge IP Router IPX Router

none IP Address none

ISDN - U ISDN – S/T PPP ISDN

ISDN Switch Type ISDN Switch Type B channel assignment

Directory Numbers Directory Numbers Remote Site Profile

Frame Relay Lease Line PPP Lease Line

none (North America) none none (International)

Remote Site Profile

Frame Relay enabled

(International only)

Frame Relay disabled

(North America only)

The configuration options required for proper initial operation are described in Section 2: Typical Applications and How to Configure Them. Each configuration requires a different set of parameters to be entered.

Refer to Section 2 for details on configuring the router in different operational states. Also refer to the router Menus Manual file for your operating software on the accompanying CD-ROM for a complete description of all the Menu Options.

Other options may be changed depending upon specific installation configurations. Refer to the menu tree in Appendix A for a reference of the menu structure and options.

Identify the Status LEDs

The four three colour Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) on the front of the router are depicted in Figure 1-1. The meanings of these LEDs are found in the following chart.

Off Bridge/Router is powered down

Green Bridge/Router is running and has passed power-up diagnostics

Green (flashing) Bridge/Router is in BOOT mode and is programming the flash

Red Bridge/Router is powered up but has failed power-up diagnostics

Yellow (flashing) Bridge/Router is in BOOT mode

POWER

Off Module is not installed

Green Module is connected and forwarding

Yellow

Red Bridge/Router is NOT connected to the LAN

LAN is connected and NOT forwarding:

i.e. Listening, Learning, or Blocking

Applications

LAN

Off Module is not installed or is configured to be down: Disabled.

Green Connection is up* / LAN 2 connected and forwarding

Yellow

Red

LINK is negotiating in ISDN. LINK is auto-learning LMI type in Frame Relay. Not used in Leased Line or LAN mode

Software failure (if WAN module installed) LAN 2 not connected (if LAN2 module installed)

LINK 1/LAN 2

Off Module is not installed or is configured to be down: Disabled.

Green Connection is up*

Yellow

Red Software failure

LINK is negotiating in ISDN. LINK is auto-learning LMI type in Frame Relay. Not used in Leased Line mode

LINK 2

*If the module is an ISDN BRI interface, a connection on either B-channel will display a green LED.

Applications

* * * *

Typical Applications & How to Configure Them

The router are flexible Ethernet Bridge/Routers. This section will describe how to set-up the routers using each of its networking functions. Note that depending on the model of unit and what interface modules are installed, some of the configuration examples may not apply; for example, if no ISDN BRI module is installed, the sections on setting up an ISDN PPP router would not apply.

The routers may be configured as a simple Ethernet bridge, an Ethernet IP router, an Ethernet IPX router, or a combination of the three. When operating the router as a combination bridge/router, simply configure each of the components separately.

Note: The configuration options described within this section are only for initial set-up and

configuration purposes. For more complete information on all of the configuration parameters available please refer to the Menus Manual file on the accompanying CD-ROM.

Important: The router uses FLASH memory to store the configuration information.

Configuration settings are stored to FLASH memory after there has been 30 seconds of idle time. Idle time is when there is no selection or modification of the value in the built-in menu system. If you wish to save a configuration immediately, enter “=” to get to the main menu, then select option 5 “Save configuration”.

Applications

Bridging and Routing Should You Bridge or Route?

When connecting two networks together, the first question to ask is “should I bridge or route”? The decision to bridge or to route may be decided by how the existing networks have been already set-up.

Bridging should be used when the network consists of non-routable protocols or routable protocols using the same network numbers. Some protocols can only be bridged; some of the more well known are NetBEUI (used by Microsoft Windows), and LAT (used by Digital Equipment Corp.).

If your IPX or IP network address is the same at both locations, bridging is simpler and requires less configuration. If the locations are to be routed together, the network numbers will have to be different in both cases; this could require extensive reconfiguration.

IPX routing should be used if the two locations are already set-up with different IPX network numbers. Routing IPX will minimize the number of SAP and RIP messages being sent across the WAN.

IP routing should be used if the two locations are already set-up with different IP network numbers or if you wish to divide your one IP network number into two sub-networks.

In some cases both bridging and routing may be required. Routing may be required for IP information and bridging may be required for NetBEUI.

Bridging

WAN connection

Windows for Workgroups Computers

An Ethernet bridge intelligently forwards Ethernet data packet traffic between connected networks. The traffic may be across the Wide Area Network (illustrated below) or, in the case of the router, may be between two LANs connected to the same unit.

Network #1 Network #2

Windows for Workgroups Computers

Applications

Figure 2 -1 Networks Bridged across a WAN link

Ethernet bridges simply forward information based on Ethernet MAC addresses. If a packet is destined for a device located on a different network than the device that sent the packet, the bridge will forward that packet to the connected network. If a packet is destined for a device located on the same local network as the originating device, the bridge will ignore the packet.

Ethernet bridges also communicate to each other using what is called the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). STP is used to prevent loops in a network which cause traffic to be rebroadcast again and again causing network congestion.

The router are pre-configured to operate as an Ethernet bridge compatible with the IEEE

802.1d Spanning Tree Protocol definitions. This means that without configuration modifications, the router will bridge Ethernet traffic to its partner bridges when the Wide Area Network (WAN) connection has been established.

This product is also pre-configured as an IPX router. This means that if you wish to bridge IPX traffic instead of routing it, you must disable the IPX routing function of the router. Once IPX routing has been disabled, all IPX traffic will be bridged between networks.

To set-up a bridge between two LANs using a dual LAN router, all that is required is that the LANs be connected to the router.

To set-up a bridge between two networks connected by a WAN link:

− Connect each router to the LAN(s) it will be serving

− Connect the WAN interface of each router to the equipment supplied by the service provider

− Configure the remote site profile of the partner router if necessary

− Establish the WAN connection

Applications

WAN connection

TCP/IP Network

IP Network Address

Router IP Address

IP Routing

An Ethernet IP router is used to intelligently route Internet Protocol (IP) traffic to another network. The networks may be connected across a WAN link (illustrated below) or two LANs connected to the same dual LAN router.

199.169.1.10

IP Network Address

199.169.1.0

Network #1

Figure 2 -2 IP Networks Routed across a WAN link

IP routers forward IP frames based upon their IP destination address and an internal routing table. The router maintains the internal routing table with the connected network IP addresses and, for WAN link connections, the remote partner IP routers associated with those networks. When an IP frame is received, the destination IP address is examined and looked up in the routing table. In the case of a dual LAN router, if the destination IP address is on the other LAN, the packet is routed there. For WAN connections, if the destination IP network is found in the routing tables, the IP router sends the IP frame to the remote partner router that is connected to the appropriate remote IP network. If no explicit route entry is found in the routing table, the IP frame is sent to the Default Gateway. The Default Gateway may be learned from the LAN or may be set manually (see section 2.1.2.3).

199.169.2.12

199.169.2.0

Network #2

To configure an router for IP routing between networks, the following parameters must be defined in the built-in menu system.

1. IP Address

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä LAN Set-up

Ä LAN IP Set-up

Ä IP Address / Size of Subnet Mask

If this router has the dual LAN option installed, you will first be asked which LAN to reference (1 or 2). Both LANs must have unique IP addresses to use IP routing.

IP Addressing

Devices on an IP network are located by their IP addresses, which is a 32 bit number divided into four 8 bit fields. The IP address identifies both the network and the host device (also known as a node) on that network. The address is usually written as the four decimal values for the fields (between 0 and 255) separated by decimal points; for example

196.65.43.21. The high order field defines the IP class of the address. There are three commonly used

classes of standard IP addresses: A: 1 to 127 B: 128 to 191 C: 192 to 223

For Class A addresses, only the first 7 bits of the high order field represents the network address, so there can be 127 networks. The remaining three fields are the host portion of the address – there can be over 16 million (224) host devices on each class A network.

Applications

Class B uses the first two fields for network addresses and can address approximately 16,000 networks. The two low order fields allow approximately 65,000 host addresses (216) for each network.

Class C uses three high order fields to address over 2 million networks; the low order field is used to address up to 253 hosts (the addresses with all bits set to 1 and all 0 are reserved for network use; so addresses available from 8 bits = 255 minus the 2 reserved).

IP addresses within a private network may be assigned arbitrarily, however, if that network is to interconnect with the global Internet, it is necessary to obtain a registered IP address.

For example, a small company is connected to the Internet; they are assigned a single class C IP network address (199.169.100.0). This network address allows the company to define up to 253 host addresses within their network.

Applications

Masks

The portion of the IP address to use as the network address is specified by using a mask; a mask is the contiguous number of bits to be used for the network address all set to 1. When the mask is logically ANDed with an IP address, the result is the network address. The mask is specified by entering the mask size as the number of bits in the mask. For the standard Class A, B and C Internet addresses, the mask sizes would be 8, 16 and 24 respectively.

Networks are not restricted to the above standard sizes; the mask (and hence the network address it specifies) may be any number of bits from 8 to 32. This gives much more flexibility to match the size of the two fields of the IP address to the number of networks and hosts to be serviced.

IP Subnets

An IP network may be divided into smaller networks by a process called sub-netting. A subnet is specified using some of the high order bits of the host field of the IP address for sub-network addressing. The portion of the IP address to be used as the subnet address is defined by using a subnet mask.

If the company in the example above (Class C IP address 199.169.100.0) decides to split their network into two LANs to reduce the load on their network, the original IP network address may be sub-netted into two or more smaller IP networks consisting of a smaller number of host addresses in each LAN. This allows each of the sites to be a smaller IP network and to be routed together to allow inter-network communication.

The subnet mask size is the number of bits in the subnet mask. In the above figure the subnet mask size would be 26 (24 bits for the class C network address and 2 subnet bits). The subnet size is the number of subnet bits - in the above figure, the subnet size would be 2.

The router allows mask sizes from 8 to 32 bits. The subnet mask size determines how many

Original IP Network Address 199.169.100.0

199.169.100.66

199.169.100.67

199.169.100.130

199.169.100.131

bits of the host field of the original IP network address will be used for the creation of subnets. In this example, specifying a mask size of 26 will produce a subnet size of 2 bits. Two bits gives 4 possible sub-network addresses from the original IP network address. Two of the resulting sub-networks will have either all zeros or all ones as the subnet address; these addresses are reserved for network functions and hence are invalid addresses. The subnet mask for the above example networks will be 255.255.255.192:

So setting a subnet mask size of 26 will generate two sub-networks with up to 62 host addresses each (64 potential addresses minus the all zero and all one addresses). The new IP sub-network addresses will be: 199.169.100.64 and 199.169.100.128.

Applications

Subnet IP Network Address

199.169.100.64 Subnet Mask Size 26

Router IP Address

199.169.100.65

LAN #1

IP Computers

Host IP Address

1. IP Address

Host IP Address

Location: Main

Subnet IP Network Address

Subnet Mask is

255.255.255.192

Host IP Address

199.169.100.128 Subnet Mask Size 26

LAN #2

IP Computers

Figure 2 -2 Defining an IP Subnet Mask

Ä Configuration

Ä LAN Set up

Ä LAN IP Set up

Ä IP Address / Size of Subnet Mask

Router IP Address

199.169.100.129

Host IP Address

Applications

IP Default Gateway

An IP default gateway is an IP router that is resident on the local IP network that this router is connected to and is used to route IP frames for destination networks that do not exist in the routing table. When an IP frame is received that is destined for a network that is not listed in the routing table of the router, the router will send the IP frame to the default gateway. If the device originating the IP frame is on the same LAN as the router, the router will then send an ICMP redirect message to the originating device. Any future IP frames for that destination network will then be sent directly to the default gateway instead of the router.

A default gateway may be configured if there are a large number of routes that will pass through another router to a larger network. An example of this would be a router that is used to connect to the Internet. All of the routers on the LAN would have the Internet access router as the default gateway.

IP Static Route

With its default settings, the router will automatically learn the routes to other devices on the network through RIP messages. In some instances it may be desirable to have a predetermined or static route that will always be used to reach certain devices, such as when one specific router is to be used to reach a destination IP network. The static route will have precedence over all learned RIP routes even if the cost of the RIP learned routes is lower.

Edit Static Route

Location: Main

Ä Configuration

Ä IP Routing Set-up

Ä IP Routes

Ä Edit Static Route

Ä Destination ( IP Address & Mask) Ä Next Hop

Ä Cost Ä Add

Each static IP route is defined in the Edit Route menu. The destination network IP address is specified when you first enter the menu and then the IP address , alias or ID number of the next hop route and the cost may be defined. Finally, select Add to add the route to the routing table.

Once static IP routes are defined, they may be viewed with the Show Static Routes command from the IP Routes menu.

Configuration: When the IP routing protocol is set to none, static routes will be used to route Note traffic. The mask size must also be defined when creating a static

route entry. The subnet mask is required to allow a static route to be created to a different IP network address. See the previous section for an explanation of masks.

IPX Routing

WAN connection

Novell Server

Novell IPX Client

IPX Network Address

The router are pre-configured to operate as an IPX router. When installed in an IPX network, the router will learn the IPX network numbers from connected networks. It will then route the IPX frames to the appropriate destination IPX network.

The IPX routing scenario may consist of one of the two following configurations. The first configuration consists of Novell servers located on each of the LAN segments to be connected. The second configuration consists of Novell servers located on only one of the LAN segments to be connected. The router IPX router will need to be configured differently in the second configuration with Novell servers located on only one of the LAN segments.

Novell Servers in Both Locations

An Ethernet IPX router is used to intelligently route Novell IPX LAN traffic to another network. The networks may be connected across a WAN link (illustrated below) or two LANs connected to a dual LAN ROUTER.

Applications

1512

LAN #1

1500

LAN #2

Figure 2 -3 IPX Routed Local Area Networks (Servers on both sides)

IPX routers forward IPX frames based upon their IPX destination address and an internal routing table. The router maintains the internal routing table with the network IPX addresses and the remote partner IPX routers associated with those networks. When an IPX frame is received, the destination IPX address is examined and looked up in the routing tables. Once the destination IPX address is found in the routing tables, the IPX router sends the IPX frame to the appropriate remote IPX network.

When both LAN segments contain Novell servers, the IPX network numbers are learned automatically; simply ensure that IPX routing is enabled on the router for both networks.

When two IPX LAN segments with Novell servers on each segment are to be connected via IPX routing, you must ensure that the IPX network numbers on each of the Novell servers is unique. If the IPX network numbers are the same, IPX routing will not operate.

Once the WAN connections have been established to the remote partner routers,

the IPX router portion of the routers will begin to build their routing tables according

Applications

WAN connection

Novell Server

Novell IPX Client

IPX Network Address

1500 - defined on router

to the IPX frames they receive from the network. Manual entries may be made in the routing tables by adding static IPX routes.

Novell Servers in One Location Only

Some Novell LAN installations require that a remote LAN that consists of only Novell IPX clients be connected to a central LAN that contains the Novell servers and some more clients. In this configuration, the router IPX router located at the remote site must be configured with the appropriate IPX network numbers. The IPX network number must be configured manually because there is no Novell server at the remote site. The router must act as a Novell server to supply the proper IPX network number to the clients on the remote site LAN.

In the following diagram, the router connected to LAN #2 must be configured with IPX network number 1500 (or any other valid, unique IPX network number) using the appropriate frame type. The clients connected to LAN #2 must also be running with the same frame type as defined on the router. After the routers have established the WAN connection, the IPX routing procedures will cause the names of the services located on LAN #1 to be stored in the services table on the router on LAN #2. When one of the clients on LAN #2 starts up, it will look for a server on the local LAN and the router will respond with the list of servers that are located on LAN #1.

1512

LAN #1

LAN #2

Figure 2 -4 IPX Routed Local Area Networks (Servers on one side)

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