Black Box LGB1002A-R2 User Manual

i

16-Port 1000BASE-TX L2 Plus

Managed Ethernet Switch

ii

Table of Contents

CAUTION............................................................................................................................................ VI

ELECTRONIC EMISSION NOTICES ....................................................................................................... VI

1. INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................2

1-1. OVERVIEW OF LGB1002A-R2......................................................................................................2

1-2. CHECKLIST ...................................................................................................................................5

1-3. FEATURES .....................................................................................................................................5

1-4. FULL VIEW OF LGB1002A-R2.....................................................................................................7

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs) ...........................................7

1-4-2. AC Power Input on the Rear Panel......................................................................................8

1-5. VIEW OF THE OPTIONAL MODULES...............................................................................................9

2. INSTALLATION........................................................................................................................10

2-1. STARTING LGB1002A-R2 UP.....................................................................................................10

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation ...................................................................................... 10

2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail............................................................12

2-1-3. Cabling Requirements........................................................................................................12

2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports........................................................................................... 13

2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module.................................................................13

2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology.................................................................................................. 14

2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2.....................................................17

2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the Serial RS-232 Port.......... 17

2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the Ethernet Port................... 19

2-1-5. IP Addr ess Assignme nt.......................................................................................................20

2-2. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS ..............................................................................................................25

3. OPERATION OF WEB-BASED MANAGEMENT...............................................................27

3-1. WEB MANAGEMENT HOME OVERVIEW.......................................................................................29

3-1-1. System Information............................................................................................................32

3-1-2. Account Configuration.......................................................................................................34

3-1-3. T ime Configuration............................................................................................................35

3-1-4. IP Configuration................................................................................................................38

3-1-5. Loop Detection...................................................................................................................41

3-1-6. Management Policy...........................................................................................................42

3-1-7. Virtual Stack.......................................................................................................................45

3-1-7. System Log.........................................................................................................................47

3-2. PORT CONFIGURATION................................................................................................................48

3-2-1. Port Configuration.............................................................................................................48

3-2-2.Port Status...........................................................................................................................50

3-2-3. Simple Counter..................................................................................................................53

3-2-4. Detail Counter...................................................................................................................55

3-3. VLAN ........................................................................................................................................58

3-3-1. VLAN Mode........................................................................................................................58

3-3-2. Tag-based Group................................................................................................................59

3-3-3. Port-based Group ..............................................................................................................62

3-3-4. Ports...................................................................................................................................64

3-3-5. Management ......................................................................................................................66

3-4. MAC ..........................................................................................................................................67

3-4-1. Mac Address Table.............................................................................................................67

3-4-2. Static Filter........................................................................................................................69

3-4-3. Static Forward ...................................................................................................................70

3-4-4. MAC Alias..........................................................................................................................71

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3-4-5. MAC Table.........................................................................................................................72

3-5. GVRP.........................................................................................................................................73

3-5-1. Config ................................................................................................................................73

3-5-2. Counter..............................................................................................................................76

3-5-3. Group.................................................................................................................................78

3-6. QOS(QUALITY OF SERVICE) CONFIGURATION.............................................................................79

3-6-1. Ports...................................................................................................................................79

3-6-2. Qos Control List.................................................................................................................81

3-6-3.Rate Limiters.......................................................................................................................87

3-6-4.Storm Control......................................................................................................................89

3-6-5.Wizard.................................................................................................................................90

3-7. SNMP CONFIGURATION............................................................................................................100

3-8. ACL..........................................................................................................................................102

3-8-1.Ports..................................................................................................................................102

3-8-2.Rate Limiters.....................................................................................................................104

3-8-3.Access Control List ...........................................................................................................105

3-8-4.Wizard...............................................................................................................................133

3-9. IP MAC BINDING .....................................................................................................................141

3-10. 802.1X CONFIGURATION.........................................................................................................143

3-10-1.Server..............................................................................................................................148

3-10-2.Port Configuration..........................................................................................................150

3-10-3.Status...............................................................................................................................153

3-10-4. Statistics.........................................................................................................................154

3-11. TRUNKING CONFIGURATION....................................................................................................155

3-11-1.Port .................................................................................................................................156

3-1 1-2 Aggregator Vi ew..............................................................................................................158

3-11-3 LACP System Priority .....................................................................................................159

3-12 STP CONFIGURATION...............................................................................................................160

3-12-1 STP STA TUS ..........................................................................................................................160

3-12-2. Configuration.................................................................................................................162

3-12-3. STP Port Configuration.................................................................................................164

3-13 MSTP......................................................................................................................................167

3-13-1 Status...............................................................................................................................167

3-13-2 Region Config.................................................................................................................168

3-13-3 Instance View..................................................................................................................169

3-14. MIRROR ..................................................................................................................................177

3-15. IGMP SNOOPING ....................................................................................................................179

3-15-1 Proxy...............................................................................................................................179

3-15-2 Group Membership.........................................................................................................181

3-16. ALARM CONFIGURATION ........................................................................................................182

3-16-1 Events..............................................................................................................................183

3-16-2 Email...............................................................................................................................184

3-17. DHCP SNOOPING....................................................................................................................185

3-17-1. DHCP Snooping St ate....................................................................................................185

3-17-2. DHCP Snooping Entry...................................................................................................186

3-17-3. DHCP Snooping Client..................................................................................................187

3-18. CONFIGURATION .....................................................................................................................188

3-18-1. Factory Defaults............................................................................................................188

3-18-2 . Save Start......................................................................................................................189

3-18-3 . Save User......................................................................................................................189

3-18-4 . Restore User .................................................................................................................189

3-19. CONFIG FILE ...........................................................................................................................191

3-20. DIAGNOSTICS..........................................................................................................................192

3-20-1 . Diag..............................................................................................................................192

3-20-2 .Ping................................................................................................................................193

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3-20-2 .VeriPHY.........................................................................................................................194

3-21 MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................195

3-21-1 .Reset Device................................................................................................................... 195

3-21-2 .Software Upload............................................................................................................195

3-22 LOGOUT...................................................................................................................................196

4. OPERATION OF CLI MANAGEMENT...............................................................................197

4-1. CLI MANAGEMENT...................................................................................................................197

4-1-1. Login................................................................................................................................197

4-2. COMMANDS OF CLI..................................................................................................................199

4-2-1. Global Commands of CLI................................................................................................200

4-2-2. Local Commands of CLI..................................................................................................206

5. MAINTENANCE..........................................................................................................................306

5-1. RESOLVING NO LINK CONDITION .............................................................................................306

5-2. Q&A.........................................................................................................................................306

APPENDIX A TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.........................................................................307

APPENDIX B NULL MODEM CABLE SPECIFICATIONS......................................................311

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Revision History

Release Date Revision

0.91 2008/03/12 A1

0.95 2008/06/30 A2

vi

Caution

Circuit devices are sensitive to static electricity, which can damage their delicate
electronics. Dry weather conditions or walking across a carpeted floor may cause you to
acquire a static electrical charge.

To protect your device, always:

• Touch the metal chassis of your computer to ground the static elect rical charge before

you pick up the circuit device.

• Pick up the device by holding it on the left and right edges only.

Electronic Emission Notices

Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Statement

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class A
computing device pursuant to Subpart J of part 15 of FCC Rules, which are de signed to
provide reasonable protection against such interference when operated in a commercial
environment.

European Community (CE) Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive

This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the protection requirements
of European Emission Standard EN55022/EN61000-3 and the Generic European Immunity
Standard EN55024.
EMC:

EN55022(2003)/CISPR-2( 2002) class A
IEC61000-4-2 (2001) 4K V CD, 8KV, AD
IEC61000-4-3( 2002) 3V/m
IEC61000-4-4(2001) 1KV – (power line), 0.5KV – (signal line)

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About this user’s manual

In this user’s manual, it will not only tell you how to install and connect your
network system but configure and monitor the LGB1002A-R2 through the built-in
CLI and web by RS-232 serial interface and Ethernet ports step-by-step. Many
explanation in detail of hardware and software functions are shown as well as the
examples of the operation for web-based interface and command-line interface
(CLI).

Overview of this user’s manual

 Chapter 1 “Introduction” describes the features of LGB1002A-R2
 Chapter 2 “Installation”
 Chapter 3 “Operation of Web-based Management”
 Chapter 4 “Operation of CLI Management”
 Chapter 5 “Maintenance”

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1. Introduction

1-1. Overview of LGB1002A-R2

LGB1002A-R2, a 16-port Layer 2 Plus Gigabit Managed Switch, is a
standard switch that meets all IEEE 802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications.
The switch included 12-Port 10/100/1000Mbps TP and 4-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber
management Ethernet switch. The switch can be managed through RS-232 serial
port via directly connection, or through Ethernet port using CLI or Web-based
management unit, associated with SNMP agent. With the SNMP agent, the network
administrator can logon the switch to monitor, configure and control each port’s
activity in a friendly way. The overall network management is enhanced and the
network efficiency is also improved to accommodate high bandwidth applications. In
addition, the switch features comprehensive and useful function such as ACL, IP­MAC Binding, DHCP Option 82, QoS (Quality of Service), Spanning Tree, VLAN,
Port Trunking, Bandwidth Control, Port Security, SNMP/RMON, IGMP Snooping
capability via the intelligent software. It is suitable for both metro-LAN and office
application.

In this switch, Port 13 and Port 16 include two types of media --- TP and SFP
Fiber (LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP
Fiber with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high­speed connection expansion.

⎯ 1000Mbps LC, Multi-Mode, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1550nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, 20km, 1310nm SFP Fiber WDM transceiver

10/100/1000Mbps TP is a standard Ethernet port that meets all IEEE

802.3/u/x/z Gigabit, Fast Ethernet specifications. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver
is a Gigabit Ethernet port that fully complies with all IEEE 802.3z and 1000Base­SX/LX standards.

1000Mbps Single Fiber WDM (BiDi) transceiver is designed with an optic
Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technology that transports bi-directional
full duplex signal over a single fiber simultaneously.

For upgrading firmware, please refer to the Section 3-21 or Section 4-2-2 for
more details. The switch will not stop operating while upgrading firmware and after
that, the configuration keeps unchanged.

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•

Key Features in the Device

QoS:

Support Quality of Service by the IEEE 802.1P standard. There are two
priority queue and packet transmission schedule.

Spanning Tree:

Support IEEE 802.1D, IEEE 802.1w (RSTP: Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) standards.

VLAN:

Support Port-based VLAN and IEEE802.1Q Tag VLAN. Support 256 active
VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094.

Port Trunking:

Support static port trunking and port trunking with IEEE 802.3ad LACP.

Bandwidth Control:

Support ingress and egress per port bandwidth control.

Port Security:

Support allowed, denied forwarding and port security with MAC address.

SNMP/RMON:

SNMP agent and RMON MIB. In the device, SNMP agent is a client
software which is operating over SNMP protocol used to receive the
command from SNMP manager (server site) and echo the corresponded
data, i.e. MIB object. Besides, SNMP agent will actively issue TRAP
information when happened.

RMON is the abbreviation of Remote Network Monitoring and is a branch of
the SNMP MIB.

The device supports MIB-2 (RFC 1213), Bridge MIB (RFC 1493), RMON
MIB (RFC 1757)-statistics Group 1,2,3,9, Ethernet-like MIB (RFC 1643),
Ethernet MIB (RFC 1643) and so on.

IGMP Snooping:

Support IGMP version 2 (RFC 2236): The function IGMP snooping is used
to establish the multicast groups to forward the multicast packet to the
member ports, and, in nature, avoid wasting the bandwidth while IP
multicast packets are running over the network.

IGMP Proxy:

The implementation of IP multicast processing. The switch supports IGMP
version 1 and IGMP version 2, efficient use of network bandwidth, and fast
response time for channel changing. IGMP version 1 (IGMPv1) is
described in RFC1112 ,and IGMP version 2 (IGMPv2) is described in RFC

2236. Hosts interact with the system through the exchange of IGMP
messages. Similarly, when you configure IGMP proxy, the system interacts
with the router on its upstream interface through the exchange of IGMP
messages. However, when acting as the proxy, the system performs the
host portion of the IGMP task on the upstream interface as follows:

4

• When queried, sends group membership reports to the
group.

• When one of its hosts joins a multicast address group to
which none of its other hosts belong, sends unsolicited
group membership reports to that group.

• When the last of its hosts in a particular multica st gro up
leaves the group, sends an unsolicited leave group
membership report to the all-routers group (244.0.0.2).

5

1-2. Checklist

Before you start installing the switch, verify that the package contains the

following:

⎯ LGB1002A-R2 16-port Layer 2 Plus Gigabit Managed Switch
⎯ SFP Modules (optional)
⎯ Mounting Accessory (for 19” Rack Shelf)
⎯ This User's Manual in CD-ROM
⎯ AC Power Cord
⎯ RS-232 Cable

Please notify your sales representative immediately if any of the aforementioned
items is missing or damaged.

1-3. Features

The LGB1002A-R2, a standalone off-the-shelf switch, provides the
comprehensive features listed below for users to perform system network
administration and efficiently and securely serve your network.

•

Hardware

• 12 10/100/1000Mbps Auto-negotiation Gigabit Ethernet TP ports

• 4 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber dual media auto sense

• 1392KB on-chip frame buffer

• Support jumbo frame up to 9600 bytes

• Programmable classifier for QoS (Layer 4/Multimedia)

• 8K MAC address and 4K VLAN support (IEEE802.1Q)

• Per-port shaping, policing, and Broadcast Storm Control

• IEEE802.1Q Q-in-Q nested VLAN support

• Full-duplex flow control (IEEE802.3x) and half-duplex backpressure

• Extensive front-panel diagnostic LEDs; System: Power, TP Port1-16: LINK/ACT,
10/100/1000Mbps, SFP Port 13-16: SFP(LINK/ACT)

• Management

• Supports concisely the status of port and easily port configuration

• Supports per port traffic monitoring counters

• Supports a snapshot of the system Information wh en you login

• Supports port mirror function

• Supports the static trunk function

6

• Supports 802.1Q VLAN

• Supports user management and limits three u sers to login

• Maximal packet length can be up to 9600 bytes for jumbo frame application

• Supports DHCP Broadcasting Supp ression to avoid network suspended or

crashed

• Supports to send the trap event while monitored events h appened

• Supports default configuration which can be restored to overwrite the current

configuration which is working on via web browser and CLI

• Supports on-line plug/unplug SFP modules

• Supports Quality of Service (QoS) for real time applications based on the
information taken from Layer 2 to Layer 4, such as VoIP

• Built-in web-based management and CLI management, providing a more
convenient UI for the user

• Supports port mirror function with ingress/egress traffic

• Supports rapid spanning tree (802.1w RSTP)

• Supports multiple spanning tree (802.1s MSTP)

• Supports 802.1X port security on a VLAN

• Supports IP-MAC-Port Binding for LAN security

• Supports user management and only first login administrato r can configure the

device. The rest of users can only view the switch

• SNMP access can be disabled and prevent from illegal SNMP access

• Supports Ingress, Non-unicast and Egress Bandwidth rating management with

a resolution of 1Mbps

• The trap event and alarm message can be transferred via e-mail

• Supports diagnostics to let administrator knowing the hardware status

• Supports loop detection to protect the switch crash when the networking has
looping issue

• HTTP and TFTP for firmware upgrade, system log upload and configuration file

import/export

• Supports remote boot the device through user interface and SNMP

• Supports NTP network time synchroni zation and daylight saving

• Supports 120 event log records in the main memory and display on the local

console

7

1-4. Full View of LGB1002A-R2

1-4-1. User Interfaces on the Front Panel (Button, LEDs and Plugs)

There are 12 TP Gigabit Ethernet ports and 4 SFP fiber ports for optional
removable modules on the front panel of the switch. LED display area, locating on
the left side of the panel, contains a Power LED, which indicates the power status
and 16 ports working status of the switch. One RS-232 DB-9 interface is offered for
configuration or management.

Fig. 1-1 Full View of GS-2216L

Fig. 1-2 Front View of LGB1002A-R2

Power Indication LED

Gigabit Ethernet Port

RESET Button:

RESET button is used
to reset the
mana

g

ement system.

SFP Fiber Port

Fiber Port Status Indication LEDs

RS-232 DB-9 Connector

8

• LED Indicators

LED Color Function

System LED

POWER Green Lit when +5V DC power is on and good

10/100/1000Ethernet TP Port 1 to 16 LED

LINK/ACT Green

Lit when connection with remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when cable connection is not good

10/100/1000Mbps

Green/
Amber

Lit green when 1000Mbps speed is active
Lit ember when 100Mbps speed is active
Off when 10Mbps speed is active

1000SX/LX Gigabit Fiber Port 13 to 16 LED

SFP(LINK/ACT) Green

Lit when connection with the remote device is good
Blinks when any traffic is present
Off when module connection is not good

Table1-1

1-4-2. AC Power Input on the Rear Panel

One socket on the rear panel is for AC power input.

Fig. 1-3 Rear View of LGB1002A-R2

AC Line 100-240V 50/60 Hz

9

1-5. View of the Optional Modules

In the switch, Port 13~16 includes two types of media --- TP and SFP Fiber
(LC, BiDi LC…); this port supports 10/100/1000Mbps TP or 1000Mbps SFP Fiber
with auto-detected function. 1000Mbps SFP Fiber transceiver is used for high­speed connection expansion; the following are optional SFP types provided for the
switch:

⎯ 1000Mbps LC, MM, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 30km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 50km, SFP Fiber transceiver
⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 1, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver

(SFP.0BL.621.201)

⎯ 1000Mbps BiDi LC, type 2, SM 20km, SFP Fiber WDM transceiver

⎯ 1000Mbps LC, SM 10km, SFP Fiber transceiver with DDM

Fig. 1-4 Front View of 1000Base-SX/LX LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

Fig. 1-5 Front View of 1000Base-LX BiDi LC, SFP Fiber Transceiver

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2. Installation

2-1. Starting LGB1002A-R2 Up

This section will give users a quick start for:

- Hardware and Cable Installation

- Management Station Installation

- Software booting and configuration

2-1-1. Hardware and Cable Installation

At the beginning, please do first:

⇒ Wear a grounding device to avoid the damage from electrostatic discharge
⇒ Be sure that power switch is OFF before you insert the power cord to power

source

• Installing Optional SFP Fiber Transceivers to the LGB1002A-R2

Note: If you have no modules, please skip this section.

• Connecting the SFP Module to the Chassis:

The optional SFP modules are hot swappable, so you can plug or unplug it
before or after powering on.

1. Verify that the SFP module is the right model and conforms to the chassis

2. Slide the module along the slot. Also be sure that the module is properly

seated against the slot socket/connector

3. Install the media cable for network connection

4. Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each module to be installed into

slot(s)

5. Have the power ON after the above procedures are done

Fig. 2-1 Installation of Optional SFP Fiber Transceive

r

11

• TP Port and Cable Installation

⇒ In the switch, TP port supports MDI/MDI-X auto-crossover, so both types of

cable, straight-through (Cable pin-outs for RJ-45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 1, 2, 3, 6 in
10/100M TP; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 in Gigabit TP) and
crossed-over (Cable pin- outs for RJ- 45 jack 1, 2, 3, 6 to 3, 6, 1, 2) can be used.
It means you do not have to tell from them, just plug it.

⇒ Use Cat. 5 grade RJ-45 TP cable to connect to a TP port of the switch and the

other end is connected to a network-aware device such as a workstation or a
server.

⇒ Repeat the above steps, as needed, for each RJ-45 port to be connected to a

Gigabit 10/100/1000 TP device.

Now, you can start having the switch in operation.

• Power On

The switch supports 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz power supply. The power
supply will automatically convert the local AC power source to DC power . It does not
matter whether any connection plugged into the switch or not when power on, even
modules as well. After the power is on, all LED indicators will light up immediately
and then all off except the power LED still keeps on. This represents a reset of the
system.

• Firmware Loading

After resetting, the bootloader will load the firmware into the memory. It will
take about 30 seconds, after that, the switch will flash all the LED once and
automatically performs self-test and is in ready state.

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2-1-2. Installing Chassis to a 19-Inch Wiring Closet Rail

Caution: Allow a proper spacing and proper air ventilation for the cooling fan

at both sides of the chassis.

⇒ Wear a grounding device for electrostatic discharge.
⇒ Screw the mounting accessory to the front side of the switch (See Fig. 2-2).
⇒ Place the Chassis into the 19-inch wiring closet rail and locate it at the proper

position. Then, fix the Chassis by screwing it.

2-1-3. Cabling Requirements

To help ensure a successful installation and keep the network performance
good, please take a care on the cabling requirement. Cables with worse
specification will render the LAN to work poorly.

Fig. 2-2

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2-1-3-1. Cabling Requirements for TP Ports

⇒ For Fast Ethernet TP network connection

⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters.

⇒ Gigabit Ethernet TP network connection

⎯ The grade of the cable must be Cat. 5 or Cat. 5e with a maximum length of

100 meters. Cat. 5e is recommended.

2-1-3-2. Cabling Requirements for 1000SX/LX SFP Module

It is more complex and comprehensive contrast to TP cabling in the fiber
media. Basically, there are two categories of fiber, multi mode (MM) and single
mode (SM). The later is categorized into several classes by the distance it supports.
They are SX, LX, LHX, XD, and ZX. From the viewpoint of connector type, there
mainly are LC and BIDI LC.

⎯ Gigabit Fiber with multi-mode LC SFP module

⎯ Gigabit Fiber with single-mode LC SFP module

⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1310nm SFP module

⎯ Gigabit Fiber with BiDi LC 1550nm SFP module

The following table lists the types of fiber that we support and those else not
listed here are available upon request.

Multi-mode Fiber Cable and Modal Bandwidth

Multi-mode 62.5/125μm Multi-mode 50/125μm

Modal

Bandwidth

Distance

Modal
Bandwidth

Distance

160MHz-Km 220m 400MHz-Km 500m

IEEE 802.3z
Gigabit Ethernet
1000SX 850nm

200MHz-Km 275m 500MHz-Km 550m
Single-mode Fiber 9/125μm

Single-mode transceiver 1310nm 10Km

1000Base­LX/LHX/XD/ZX

Single-mode transceiver 1550nm 30, 50Km

TX(Transmit) 1310nm

Single-Mode

*20Km

RX(Receive) 1550nm
TX(Transmit) 1550nm

1000Base-LX
Single Fiber
(BIDI LC)

Single-Mode

*20Km

RX(Receive) 1310nm

Table2-1

14

2-1-3-3. Switch Cascading in Topology

• Takes the Delay Time into Account

Theoretically, the switch partitions the collision domain for each port in switch
cascading that you may up-link the switches unlimitedly. In practice, the network
extension (cascading levels & overall diameter) must follow the constraint of the
IEEE 802.3/802.3u/802.3z and other 802.1 series protocol specifications, in which
the limitations are the timing requirement from physical signals defined by 802.3
series specification of Media Access Control (MAC) and PHY, and timer from some
OSI layer 2 protocols such as 802.1d, 802.1q, LACP and so on.

The fiber, TP cables and devices’ bit-time delay (round trip) are as follows:

1000Base-X TP, Fiber 100Base-TX TP 100Base-FX Fiber

Round trip Delay: 4096 Round trip Delay: 512

Cat. 5 TP Wire: 11.12/m Cat. 5 TP Wire: 1.12/m Fiber Cable: 1.0/m

Fiber Cable : 10.10/m TP to fiber Converter: 56
Bit Time unit : 1ns (1sec./1000 Mega bit)

Bit Time unit: 0.01μs (1sec./100 Mega bit)

Table 2-2

Sum up all elements’ bit-time delay and the overall bit-time delay of
wires/devices must be within Round Trip Delay (bit times) in a half-duplex network
segment (collision domain). For full-duplex operation, this will not be applied. You
may use the TP-Fiber module to extend the TP node distance over fiber optic and
provide the long haul connection.

• Typical Network Topology in Deployment

A hierarchical network with minimum levels of switch may reduce the timing
delay between server and client station. Basically, with this approach, it will
minimize the number of switches in any one path; will lower the possibility of
network loop and will improve network efficiency. If more than two switches are
connected in the same network, select one switch as Level 1 switch and connect all
other switches to it at Level 2. Server/Host is recommended to connect to the Level
1 switch. This is general if no VLAN or other special requirements are applied.

15

Case1: All switch ports are in the same local area network. Every port can access

each other (See Fig. 2-3).

If VLAN is enabled and configured, each node in the network that can
communicate each other directly is bounded in the same VLAN area.

Here VLAN area is defined by what VLAN you are using. The switch
supports both port-based VLAN and tag-based VLAN. They are different in practical
deployment, especially in physical location. The following diagram shows how it
works and what the difference they are.

Case2a: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-4).

1. The same VLAN members could not be in different switches.

2. Every VLAN members could not access VLAN members each other.

3. The switch manager has to assign different names for each VLAN groups
at one switch.

Fig. 2-3 No VLAN Configuration Diagram

Fig. 2-4 Port-based VLAN Diagram

16

Case 2b: Port-based VLAN (See Fig.2-5).

1. VLAN1 members could not access VLAN2, VLAN3 and VLAN4 members.

2. VLAN2 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN4 members.

3. VLAN3 members could not access VLAN1, VLAN2 and VLAN4.

4. VLAN4 members could not access VLAN1 and VLAN3 members, but they could
access VLAN2 members.

Case3a: The same VLAN members can be at dif f erent switches with the same VID
(See Fig. 2-6).

Fig. 2-5 Port-based VLAN Diagram

Fig. 2-6 Attribute-based VLAN Diagram

17

2-1-4. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2

We offer you three ways to startup the switch management function. They
are RS-232 console, CLI, and Web. Users can use any one of them to monitor and
configure the switch. You can touch them through the following procedures.

Section 2-1-4-1: Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the

Serial RS-232 Port

Section 2-1-4-2: Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the

Ethernet Port

Note: Please first modify the IP address, Subnet mask, Default gateway and DNS

through RS-232 console, and then do the next.

2-1-4-1. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the

Serial RS-232 Port

To perform the configuration through RS-232 console port, the switch’s serial
port must be directly connected to a DCE device, for example, a PC, through
RS-232 cable with DB-9 connector. Next, run a terminal emulator with the default
setting of the switch’s serial port. With this, you can communicate with the switch.

In the switch, RS-232 interface only supports baud rate 115200 bps with 8
data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity check and no flow control.

To configure the switch, please follow the procedures below:

1. Find the RS-232 DB-9 cable with female DB-9 connector bundled.

Normally, it just uses pins 2, 3 and 7. See also Appendix B for more
details on Null Modem Cable Specifications.

2. Attaches the DB-9 female cable connector to the male serial RS-232

DB-9 connector on the switch.

3. Attaches the other end of the serial RS-232 DB-9 cable to PC’s serial

port, running a terminal emulator supporting VT100/ANSI terminal with
The switch’s serial port default settings. For example,
Windows98/2000/XP HyperTerminal utility.

LGB1002A-R2 L2 Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP address = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Terminal or Terminal Emulator

Fig. 2-7

RS-232 cable
with female
DB-9 connector
at both ends

RS-232 DB-9 Connector

18

Note: The switch’s serial port default setti ngs are listed as follows:

Baud rate 115200
Stop bits 1
Data bits 8
Parity N
Flow control none

4. When you complete the connection, then press <Enter> key. The login

prompt will be shown on the screen. The default username and
password are shown as below:

Username = admin Password = admin

• Set IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway IP Address

Please refer to Fig. 2-7 CLI Management for details about ex-factory IP
setting. They are default setting of IP address. You can first either configure your PC
IP address or change IP address of the switch, next to change the IP address of
default gateway and subnet mask.

For example, your network address is 10.1.1.0, and subnet mask is

255.255.255.0. You can change the switch’s default IP address 192.168.1.1 to

10.1.1.1 and set the subnet mask to be 255.255.255.0. Then, choose your default
gateway, may be it is 10.1.1.254.

Default Value LGB1002A-R2 Your Network Setting
IP Address

192.168.1.1 10.1.1.1

Subnet

255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0

Default Gateway

192.168.1.254 10.1.1.254

Table 2-3

After completing these settings in the switch, it will reboot to have the
configuration taken effect. After this step, you can operate the management through
the network, no matter it is from a web browser or Network Management System
(NMS).

Fig. 2-8 the Login Screen for CLI

LGB1002A-R2

LGB1002A-R2

19

2-1-4-2. Configuring the Management Agent of LGB1002A-R2 through the

Ethernet Port

There are three ways to configure and monitor the switch through the
switch’s Ethernet port. They are CLI, Web browser and SNMP manager. The user
interface for the last one is NMS dependent and does not cover here. We just
introduce the first two types of management interface.

• Managing LGB1002A-R2 through Ethernet Port

Before you communicate with the switch, you have to finish first the
configuration of the IP address or to know the IP address of the switch. Then,
follow the procedures listed below .

1. Set up a physical path between the configured the switch and a PC by a
qualified UTP Cat. 5 cable with RJ-45 connector.

Note: If PC directly connects to the switch, you have to setup the same
subnet mask between them. But, subnet mask may be different for the PC
in the remote site. Please refer to Fig. 2-9 about the switch’s default IP
address information.

2. Run CLI or web browser and follow the menu. Please refer to Chapter 3
and Chapter 4.

LGB1002A-R2 L2 Plus Managed Switch
Default IP Setting:
IP = 192.168.1.1
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Assign a reasonable IP address,
For example:
IP = 192.168.1.100
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0
Default Gateway = 192.168.1.254

Fig. 2-9

Ethernet LAN

20

Fig. 2-10 the Login Screen for Web

2-1-5. IP Address Assignment

For IP address configuration, there are three parameters needed to be filled

in. They are IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway and DNS.

IP address:

The address of the network device in the network is used for internetworking
communication. Its address structure looks is shown in the Fig. 2-11. It is “classful”
because it is split into predefined address classes or categories.

Each class has its own network range between the network identifier and
host identifier in the 32 bits address. Each IP address comprises two parts: network
identifier (address) and host identifier (address). The former indicates the network
where the addressed host resides, and the latter indicates the individual host in the
network which the address of host refers to. And the host identifier must be unique
in the same LAN. Here the term of IP address we used is version 4, known as IPv4.

Network identifier Host identifier

Fig. 2-11 IP address structure

32 bits

21

With the classful addressing, it divides IP address into three classes, class A,
class B and class C. The rest of IP addresses are for multicast and broadcast. The
bit length of the network prefix is the same as that of the subnet mask and is
denoted as IP address/X, for example, 192.168.1.0/24. Each class has its address
range described below.

Class A:

Address is less than 126.255.255.255. There are a total of 126 networks can
be defined because the address 0.0.0.0 is reserved for default route and

127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback function.

0

Class B:

IP address range between 128.0.0.0 and 191.255.255.255. Each class B
network has a 16-bit network prefix followed 16-bit host address. There are 16,384
(2^14)/16 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 65534 (2^16 –2) hosts
per network.

10

Class C:

IP address range between 192.0.0.0 and 223.255.255.255. Each class C
network has a 24-bit network prefix followed 8-bit host address. There are
2,097,152 (2^21)/24 networks able to be defined with a maximum of 254 (2^8 –2)
hosts per network.

110

Bit # 0 1 7 8 31

Network address Host address

Bit # 01 2 15 16 31

Network address Host address

Bit # 0 1 2 3 23 24 31

Network address Host address

22

Class D and E:

Class D is a class with first 4 MSB (Most significance bit) set to 1-1-1-0 and
is used for IP Multicast. See also RFC 1112. Class E is a class with first 4 MSB set
to 1-1-1-1 and is used for IP broadcast.

According to IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), there are three
specific IP address blocks reserved and able to be used for extending internal
network. We call it Private IP address and list below:

Class A 10.0.0.0 --- 10.255.255.255
Class B 172.16.0.0 --- 172.31.255.255
Class C 192.168.0.0 --- 192.168.255.255

Please refer to RFC 1597 and RFC 1466 for more information.

Subnet mask:

It means the sub-division of a class-based network or a CIDR block. The
subnet is used to determine how to split an IP address to the network prefix and the
host address in bitwise basis. It is designed to utilize IP address more efficiently and
ease to manage IP network.

For a class B network, 128.1.2.3, it may have a subnet mask 255.255.0.0 in
default, in which the first two bytes is with all 1s. This means more than 60
thousands of nodes in flat IP address will be at the same network. It’s too large to
manage practically. Now if we divide it into smaller network by extending network
prefix from 16 bits to, say 24 bits, that’s using its third byte to subnet this class B
network. Now it has a subnet mask 255.255.255.0, in which each bit of the first
three bytes is 1. It’s now clear that the first two bytes is used to identify the class B
network, the third byte is used to identify the subnet within this class B network and,
of course, the last byte is the host number.

Not all IP address is available in the sub-netted network. Two special
addresses are reserved. They are the addresses with all zero’s and all one’s host
number. For example, an IP address 128.1.2.128, what IP address reserved will be
looked like? All 0s mean the network itself, and all 1s mean IP broadcast.

10000000.00000001.00000010.1 0000000

25 bits

1 0000000
1 1111111

All 0s = 128.1.2.128

All 1s= 128.1.2.255

Subne

t

N

etwor

k

23

In this diagram, you can see the subnet mask with 25-bit long,

255.255.255.128, contains 126 members in the sub-netted network. Another is that
the length of network prefix equals the number of the bit with 1s in that subnet mask.
With this, you can easily count the number of IP addresses matched. The following
table shows the result.

Prefix Length No. of IP matched No. of Addressable IP

/32 1 ­/31 2 ­/30 4 2
/29 8 6
/28 16 14
/27 32 30
/26 64 62
/25 128 126
/24 256 254
/23 512 510
/22 1024 1022
/21 2048 2046
/20 4096 4094
/19 8192 8190
/18 16384 16382
/17 32768 32766
/16 65536 65534

Table 2-4

According to the scheme above, a subnet mask 255.255.255.0 will partition a
network with the class C. It means there will have a maximum of 254 effective
nodes existed in this sub-netted network and is considered a physical network in an
autonomous network. So it owns a network IP address which may looks like

168.1.2.0.

With the subnet mask, a bigger network can be cut into small pieces of
network. If we want to have more than two independent networks in a worknet, a
partition to the network must be performed. In this case, subnet mask must be
applied.

24

For different network applications, the subnet mask may look like

255.255.255.240. This means it is a small network accommodating a maximum of
15 nodes in the network.

Default gateway:

For the routed packet, if the destination is not in the routing table, all the
traffic is put into the device with the designated IP address, known as default router.
Basically, it is a routing policy. The gateway setting is used for Trap Events Host
only in the switch.

For assigning an IP address to the switch, you just have to check what the IP
address of the network will be connected with the switch. Use the same network
address and append your host address to it.

Fig. 2-12

First, IP Address: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “192.168.1.1”, for instance.
For sure, an IP address such as 192.168.1.x must be set on your PC.

Second, Subnet Mask: as shown in the Fig. 2-12, enter “255.255.255.0”. Any
subnet mask such as 255.255.255.x is allowable in this case.

DNS:

The Domain Name Server translates human readable machine name to IP
address. Every machine on the Internet has a unique IP address. A server generally
has a static IP address. To connect to a server, the client needs to know the IP of
the server. However, user generally uses the name to connect to the server. Thus,
the switch DNS client program (such as a browser) will ask the DNS to resolve the
IP address of the named server.

25

2-2. Typical Applications

The LGB1002A-R2 implements 12 Gigabit Ethernet TP ports with auto MDIX
and 4 slots for the removable module supporting comprehensive fiber types of
connection, including LC and BiDi-LC SFP modules. For more details on the
specification of the switch, please refer to Appendix A.

The switch is suitable for the following applications.

⎯ Central Site/Remote site application is used in carrier or ISP (See Fig. 2-13)
⎯ Peer-to-peer application is used in two remote offices (See Fig. 2-14)
⎯ Office network(See Fig. 2-15)

Fig. 2-13 is a system wide basic reference connection diagram. This diagram
demonstrates how the switch connects with other network devices and host s.

Fig. 2-13 Network Connection between Remote Site and Central Site

Central Site

26

Fig. 2-15 Office Network Connection

Fig. 2-14 Peer-to-peer Network Connection

27

3. Operation of

Web-based Management

This chapter instructs you how to configure and manage the LGB1002A-R2
through the web user interface it supports, to access and manage the 12-Port
10/100/1000Mbps TP and 4-Port Gigabit TP/SFP Fiber management Ethernet
switch. With this facility, you can easily access and monitor through any one port of
the switch all the status of the switch, including MIBs status, each port activity,
Spanning tree status, port aggregation status, multicast traffic, VLAN and priority
status, even illegal access record and so on.

The default values of the managed switch are listed in the table below:

IP Address

192.168.1.1

Subnet Mask

255.255.255.0

Default Gateway

192.168.1.254

Username

admin

Password

admin

Table 3-1

After the managed switch has been finished configuration in the CLI via the
switch’s serial interface, you can browse it. For instance, type http://192.168.1.1

in
the address row in a browser, it will show the following screen (see Fig.3-1) and ask
you inputting username and password in order to login and access authentication.
The default username and password are both “admin”. For the first time to use,
please enter the default username and password, then click the <Login> button.
The login process now is completed.

Just click the link of “Forget Password” in WebUI (See Fig. 3-1) or input
“Ctrl+Z” in CLI’s login screen (See Fig. 4-1~4-2) in case the user forgets the
manager’s password. Then, the system will display a serial No. for the user. Write
down this serial No. and contact your vendor, the vendor will give you a temporary
password. Use this new password as ID and Password, and it will allow the user to
login the system with manager authority temporarily. Due to the limit of this new
password, the user only can login the system one time, therefore, please modify
your password immediately after you login in the system successfully.

In this login menu, you have to input the complete username and password
respectively, the switch will not give you a shortcut to username automatically. This
looks inconvenient, but safer.

In the switch, it supports a simple user management function allowing only
one administrator to configure the system at the same time. If there are two or more
users using administrator’s identity, the switch will allow the only one who logins first
to configure the system. The rest of users, even with administrator’s identity, can
only monitor the system. For those who have no administrator’s identity, can only
monitor the system. There are only a maximum of three users able to login
simultaneously in the switch.

28

To optimize the display effect, we recommend you use Microsoft IE 6.0

above, Netscape V7.1 above or FireFox V1.00 above and have the resolution

1024x768. The switch supported neutral web browser interface.

In Fig. 3-2, for example, left section is the whole function tree with web user
interface and we will travel it through this chapter.

Fig. 3-1

29

3-1. Web Management Home Overview

After you login, the switch shows you the system information as Fig. 3-2. This
page is default and tells you the basic information of the system, including “Model
Name”, “System Description”, “Location”, “Contact”, “Device Name”, “System Up
Time”, “Current Time”, “BIOS Version”, “Firmware Version”, “Hardware-Mechanical
Version”, “Serial Number”, “Host IP Address”, “Host Mac Address”, “D evice Port”,
“RAM Size” and “Flash Size”. With this information, you will know the software
version used, MAC address, serial number, how many ports good and so on. This is
helpful while malfunctioning.

Fig. 3-2

• The Information of Page Layout

⎯ On the top side, it shows the front panel of the switch. In the front panel, the

linked ports will display green; as to the ports, which are link off, they will be
dark. For the optional modules, the slot will show only a cover plate if no
module exists and will show a module if a module is present. The image of
module depends on the one you inserted. The same, if disconnected, the port
will show just dark, if linked, green. (See Fig. 3-3)

30

Fig. 3-3 port detail information

In Fig. 3-3, it shows the basic information of the clicked port. With this, you’ll
see the information about the port status, traffic status and bandwidth rating for
egress and ingress respectively.

⎯ On the left-top corner, there is a pull-down list for Auto Logout. For the sake of

security, we provide auto-logout function to protect you from illegal user as you
are leaving. If you do not choose any selection in Auto Logout list, it means
you turn on the Auto Logout function and the system will be logged out
automatically when no action on the device 3 minutes later. If OFF is chosen,
the screen will keep as it is. Default is ON.

⎯ On the left side, the main menu tree for web is listed in the page. They are

hierarchical menu. Open the function folder, a sub-menu will be shown. The
functions of each folder are described in its corresponded section respectively.
When clicking it, the function is performed. The following list is the full function
tree for web user interface.

31

Port

MAC

QoS

System

VLAN

GVRP

SNMP

A

CL

Root

IP MAC Bindin

g

802.1X

Trunk

STP

MSTP

Mirrorin

g

IGMP

A

lam

Save/Restore

Export/Import

Diagnostics

Maintenance

Logout

32

3-1-1. System Information

Function name:

System Information

Function description:

Show the basic system information.

Parameter description:

Model name:

The model name of this device.

System description:

As it is, this tells what this device is. Here, it is “L2 Plus Managed Switch”.

Location:

Basically, it is the location where this switch is put. User-defined.

Contact:

For easily managing and maintaining device, you may write down the
contact person and phone here for getting help soon. You can configure
this parameter through the device’s user interface or SNMP.

Device name:

The name of the switch. User-defined. Default is LGB1002A-R2.

System up time:

The time accumulated since this switch is powered up. Its format is day,
hour, minute, second.

Current time:

Show the system time of the switch. Its format: day of week, month, day,
hours : minutes : seconds, year. For instance, Wed, Apr. 23, 12:10:10,

2004.

BIOS version:

The version of the BIOS in this switch.

Firmware version:

The firmware version in this switch.

Hardware-Mechanical version:

The version of Hardware and Mechanical. The figure before the hyphen
is the version of electronic hardware; the one after the hyphen is the
version of mechanical.

Serial number:

The serial number is assigned by the manufacturer.

33

Host IP address:

The IP address of the switch.

Host MAC address:

It is the Ethernet MAC address of the management agent in this switch.

Device Port:

Show all types and numbers of the port in the switch.

RAM size:

The size of the DRAM in this switch.

Flash size:

The size of the flash memory in this switch.

Fig. 3-4

34

3-1-2. Account Configuration

In this function, only administrator can create, modify or delete the username
and password. Administrator can modify other guest identities’ password without
confirming the password but it is necessary to modify the administrator-equivalent
identity. Guest-equivalent identity can modify his password only. Please note that
you must confirm administrator/guest identity in the field of Authorization in advance
before configuring the username and password. Only one administrator is allowed
to exist and unable to be deleted. In addition, up to 4 guest accounts can be created.

The default setting for user account is:

Username : admin

Password : admin

Fig. 3-5

35

3-1-3. Time Configuration

The switch provides manual and automatic ways to set the system time via
NTP. Manual setting is simple and you just input “Year”, “Month”, “Day”, “Hour”,
“Minute” and “Second” within the valid value range indicated in each item. If you
input an invalid value, for example, 61 in minute, the switch will clamp the figure to

59.

NTP is a well-known protocol used to synchronize the clock of the switch
system time over a network. NTP, an internet draft standard formalized in RFC 1305,
has been adopted on the system is version 3 protocol. The switch provides four
built-in NTP server IP addresses resided in the Internet and an user-defined NTP
server IP address. The time zone is Greenwich-centered which uses the expression
form of GMT+/- xx hours.

Function name:

Time

Function description:

Set the system time by manual input or set it by syncing from Time servers.
The function also supports daylight saving for different area’s time adjustment.

Parameter description:

Current Time:
Show the current time of the system.

Manual:

This is the function to adjust the time manually. Filling the valid figures in
the fields of Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute and Second respectively and
press <Apply> button, time is adjusted. The valid figures for the
parameter Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute and Second are >=2000, 1-12,
1-31, 0-23, 0-59 and 0-59 respectively. Input the wrong figure and press
<Apply> button, the device will reject the time adjustment request. There
is no time zone setting in Manual mode.

Default: Year = 2000, Month = 1, Day = 1

Hour = 0, Minute = 0, Second = 0

NTP:

NTP is Network Time Protocol and is used to sync the network time
based Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). If use the NTP mode and select a
built-in NTP time server or manually specify an user-defined NTP server
as well as Time Zone, the switch will sync the time in a short after
pressing <Apply> button. Though it synchronizes the time automatically,
NTP does not update the time periodically without user’s processing.

Time Zone is an offset time off GMT. You have to select the time zone
first and then perform time sync via NTP because the switch will combine
this time zone offset and updated NTP time to come out the local time,
otherwise, you will not able to get the correct time. The switch supports
configurable time zone from –12 to +13 step 1 hour.

Default Time zone: +8 Hrs.

3

6

Daylight Saving:

Daylight saving is adopted in some countries. If set, it will adjust the time
lag or in advance in unit of hours, according to the starting date and the
ending date. For example, if you set the day light saving to be 1 hour.
When the time passes over the starting time, the system time will be
increased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over. And
when the time passes over the ending time, the system time will be
decreased one hour after one minute at the time since it passed over.

The switch supports valid configurable day light saving time is –5 ~ +5
step one hour. The zero for this parameter means it need not have to
adjust current time, equivalent to in-act daylight saving. You don’t have to
set the starting/ending date as well. If you set daylight saving to be non­zero, you have to set the starting/ending date as well; otherwise, the
daylight saving function will not be activated.

Default for Daylight Saving: 0.
The following parameters are configurable for the function Daylight

Saving and described in detail.

Day Light Saving Start :
This is used to set when to start performing the day light saving time.

Mth:

Range is 1 ~ 12.
Default: 1

Day:

Range is 1 ~ 31.
Default: 1

Hour:

Range is 0 ~ 23.

Default: 0
Day Light Saving End :
This is used to set when to stop performing the daylight saving time.

Mth:

Range is 1 ~ 12.

Default: 1

Day:

Range is 1 ~ 31.

Default: 1

Hour:

Range is 0 ~ 23.

Default: 0

37

Fig. 3-6

38

3-1-4. IP Configuration

IP configuration is one of the most important configurations in the switch.
Without the proper setting, network manager will not be able to manage or view the
device. The switch supports both manual IP address setting and automatic IP
address setting via DHCP server. When IP address is changed, you must reboot the
switch to have the setting taken effect and use the new IP to browse for web
management and CLI management.

Fig. 3-7 IP Address Configuration

Function name:

IP Configuration

Function description:

Set IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS for the switch.

Parameter description:

DHCP Setting:

DHCP is the abbreviation of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. Here
DHCP means a switch to turn ON or OFF the function.

The switch supports DHCP client used to get an IP address automatically
if you set this function “Enable”. When enabled, the switch will issue the
request to the DHCP server resided in the network to get an IP address.
If DHCP server is down or does not exist, the switch will issue the
request and show IP address is under requesting, until the DHCP server
is up. Before getting an IP address from DHCP server, the device will not
continue booting procedures. If set this field “Disable”, you’ll have to
input IP address manually. For more details about IP address and DHCP,
please see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address Assignment” in this manual.

Default: Disable

39

IP address:

Users can configure the IP settings and fill in new values if users set the
DHCP function “Disable”. Then, click <Apply> button to update.

When DHCP is disabled, Default: 192.168.1.1
If DHCP is enabled, this field is filled by DHCP server and will not allow

user manually set it any more.

Subnet mask:

Subnet mask is made for the purpose to get more network address
because any IP device in a network must own its IP address, composed
of Network address and Host address, otherwise can’t communicate with
other devices each other. But unfortunately, the network classes A, B,
and C are all too large to fit for almost all networks, hence, subnet mask
is introduced to solve this problem. Subnet mask uses some bits from
host address and makes an IP address looked Network address, Subnet
mask number and host address. It is shown in the following figure. This
reduces the total IP number of a network able to support, by the amount
of 2 power of the bit number of subnet number (2^(bit number of subnet
number)).

Subnet mask is used to set the subnet mask value, which should be the
same value as that of the other devices resided in the same network it
attaches.

For more information, please also see the Section 2-1-5 “IP Address
Assignment” in this manual.

Default: 255.255.255.0

Default gateway:

Set an IP address for a gateway to handle those packets that do not
meet the routing rules predefined in the device. If a packet does not meet
the criteria for other pre-defined path, it must be forwarded to a default
router on a default path. This means any packet with undefined IP
address in the routing table will be sent to this device unconditionally.

Default: 192.168.1.254

32 bits

Network ID

Host ID

Network ID Host ID

Subnet number

40

DNS:

It is Domain Name Server used to serve the translation between IP
address and name address.

The switch supports DNS client function to re-route the mnemonic name
address to DNS server to get its associated IP address for accessing
Internet. User can specify a DNS IP address for the switch. With this, the
switch can translate a mnemonic name address into an IP addres s.

There are two ways to specify the IP address of DNS. One is fixed mode,
which manually specifies its IP address, the other is dynamic mode,
which is assigned by DHCP server while DHCP is enabled. DNS can
help you easily remember the mnemonic address name with the
meaningful words in it. Default is no assignment of DNS address.

Default: 0.0.0.0

41

3-1-5. Loop Detection

The loop detection is used to detect the presence of traffic. When switch
receives packet’s(looping detection frame) MAC address the same as oneself from
port, show Loop detection happens. The port will be locked when it received the
looping detection frames. If you want to resume the locked port, please find out the
looping path and take off the looping path, then select the resume the locked port
and click on “Resume” to turn on the locked ports.

Fig. 3-8

Function name:

Loop Detection

Function description:

Display whether switch open Loop detection.
Parameter description:

Port No:

Display the port number. The number is 1 – 16.

Detection Port - Enable:

When Port No is chosen, and enable port' s Loop detection, the port can
detect loop happens. When Port-No is chosen, enable port' s Loop
detection, and the port detects loop happen, port will be Locked. If Loop
did not happen, port maintains Unlocked.

Locked Port - Resume:

When Port No is chosen, enable port' s Loop detection, and the port

detects loop happen, the port will be Locked. When choosing Resume,
port locked will be opened and turned into unlocked. If not choosing
Resume, Port maintains locked.

42

3-1-6. Management Policy

Through the management security configuration, the manager can do the

strict setup to control the switch and limit the user to access this switch.

The following rules are offered for the manager to manage the switch:

Rule 1) : When no lists exists, then it will accept all connections.

Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 2) : When only “accept lists” exist, then it will deny all connections,
excluding the connection inside of the accepting range.

Accept Deny Accept Deny Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 3) : When only “deny lists” exist, then it will accept all connections,
excluding the connection inside of the denying range.

Deny Accept Deny Accept Deny

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 4) : When both “accept and deny” lists exist, then it will deny all
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range.

Accept Deny Deny Deny Accept

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

Rule 5) : When both “accept and deny” lists exist, then it will deny all
connections, excluding the connection inside of the accepting range and NOT
inside of the denying range at the same time.

Accept

Den

y

Deny| Acc | Deny | Acc | Deny

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Accept

43

Function name:

Management Security Configuration

Function description:

The switch offers Management Security Configuration function. With this
function, the manager can easily control the mode that the user connects to
the switch. According to the mode, users can be classified into two types:
Those who are able to connect to the switch (Accept) and those who are
unable to connect to the switch (Deny). Some restrictions also can be placed
on the mode that the user connect to the switch, for example, we can decide
that which VLAN VID is able to be accepted or denied by the switch, the IP
range of the user could be accepted or denied by the switch, the port that the
user is allowed or not allowed to connect with the switch, or the way of
controlling and connecting to the switch via Http, Telnet or SNMP.

Fig. 3-9

Fig. 3-10

Parameter description:

Add:

A new entry of Management Security Configuration can be created after
the parameters as mentioned above had been setup and then press
<Add> button. Of course, the existed entry also can be modified by
pressing this button.

Delete:

Remove the existed entry of Management Security Configuration from
the management security table.

Name:

44

A name is composed of an y letter (A-Z, a-z) and digit (0-9) with maximal
8 characters.

VID:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid VLAN VID,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. When you choose
“Custom”, you can fill in VID number. The valid VID range is 1~4094.

IP Range:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid IP Range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. In case that” Custom”
had been chosen, you can assigned effective IP range. The valid range
is 0.0.0.0~255.255.255.255.

Incoming Port:

The switch supports two kinds of options for managed valid Port Range,
including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. You can select the ports
that you would like them to be worked and restricted in the management
security configuration if ”Custom” had been chosen.

Access T ype:

The switch supports two kinds of options

for managed valid Access Type,

including “Any” and “Custom”. Default is “Any”. “Http”, “Telnet” and
“SNMP” are three ways for the access and managing the switch in case
that” Custom” had been chosen.

Action:

The switch supports two kinds of options

for managed valid Action Type,

including “Deny” and “Accept”. Default is “Deny”. When you choose
“Deny” action, you will be restricted and refused to manage the switch
due to the “Access Type” you choose. However, while you select
“Accept” action, you will have the authority to manage the switch.

45

3-1-7. Virtual Stack

Function name:

Virtual Stack

Function description:

Virtual Stack Management(VSM) is the group management function. Through
the proper configuration of this function, switches in the same LAN will be
grouped automatically. And among these switch, one switch will be a master
machine, and the others in this group will become the slave devices.

VSM offers a simple centralized management function. It is not necessary to
remember the address of all devices, manager is capable of managing the
network with knowing the address of the Master machine. Instead of SNMP or
Telnet UI, VSM is only available in Web UI. While one switch become the
Master, two rows of buttons for group device will appear on the top of its Web
UI. By pressing these buttons, user will be allowed to connect the Web UI of
the devices of the group in the same window without the login of these device.

The most top-left button is only for Master device(See Fig.3-9). The
background color of the button you press will be changed to represent that the
device is under your management.

Note: It will remove the grouping temporarily in case that you login the switch

via the console.

The device of the group will be shown as station address ( the last number of
IP Address) + device name on the button (e.g. 196_LGB1002A-R2),
otherwise it will show ” ---- “ if no corresponding device exists.

Once the devices join the group successfully, then they are merely able to be
managed via Master device, and user will fail to manage them via
telnet/console/web individually.

Up to 16 devices can be grouped for VSM, however, only one Master is
allowed to exist in each group. For Master redundancy, user may configure
more than two devices as Master device, however, the Master device with the
smaller MAC value will be the Master one. All of these 16 devices can
become Master device and back up with each other .

Fig. 3-10-1

4

6

Parameter description:

State:

It is used for the activation or de-activation of VSM. Default is Enable.

Role:

The role that the switch would like to play in virtual stack. Two types of
roles, including master and slave are offered for option. Default is Master.

Group ID:

It is the group identifier (GID) which signs for VSM. Valid letters are A-Z,
a-z, 0-9, “

- “ and “_” characters. The maximal length is 15 characters.

47

3-1-7. System Log

The System Log provides information about system logs, including
information when the device was booted, how the ports are operating, when users
logged in, when sessions timed out, as well as other system information.

Fig. 3-11

Function name:

System Log

Function description:

The Trap Log Data is displaying the log items including all SNMP Private Trap
events, SNMP Public traps and user logs occurred in the system. In the report
table, No., Time and Events are three fields contained in each trap record.

Parameter description:

No:

Display the order number that the trap happened.

Time:

Display the time that the trap happened.

Desc:

Displays a description event recorded in the System Log.

Clear:

Clear log data.

48

3-2. Port Configuration

Four functions, including Port Status, Port Configuration, Simple Counter and
Detail Counter are contained in this function folder for port monitor and
management. Each of them will be described in detail orderly in the following
sections.

3-2-1. Port Configuration

Port Configuration is applied to change the setting of each port. In this
configuration function, you can set/reset the following functions. All of them are

described in detail below.

Fig. 3-12

Configuration

Status

Simple Counter

Detail Counter

Port Configuration

49

Function name:

Port Configuration

Function description:

It is used to set each port’s operation mode. The switch supports 3 parameters
for each port. They are state, mode and flow control.

Parameter description:

Speed:

Set the speed and duplex of the port. In speed, if the media is 1Gbps
fiber, it is always 1000Mbps and the duplex is full only. If the media is TP,
the Speed/Duplex is comprised of the combination of speed mode,
10/100/1000Mbps, and duplex mode, full duplex and half duplex. The
following table summarized the function the media supports.

Media type NWay Speed Duplex

1000M TP ON/OFF 10/100/1000M Full for all, Half for 10/100
1000M Fiber ON/OFF 1000M Full

In Auto-negotiation mode, no default value. In Forced mode, default
value depends on your setting.

Flow Control:

There are two modes to choose in flow control, including Enable and
Disable. If flow control is set Enable, both parties can send PAUSE frame
to the transmitting device(s) if the receiving port is too busy to handle.
When it is set Disable, there will be no flow control in the port. It drops
the packet if too much to handle.

Maximum Frame:

This module offer 1518~9600 (Bytes) length to make the long packet.

Excessive Collision Mode:

There are two modes to choose when excessive collision happen in half­duplex condition as below:

Discard: The “Discard” mode determines whether the MAC drop frames
after an excessive collision has occurred. If set, a frame is dropped after
excessive collisions. This is IEEE Std 802.3 half-duplex flow control
operation.

Restart: The “Restart ” mode determines whether the MAC retransmits
frames after an excessive collision has occurred. If set, a frame is not
dropped after excessive collisions, but the backoff sequence is restarted.
This is a violation of IEEE Std 802.3, but is useful in non-dropping half-

duplex flow control operation.
Description:
Description of device ports can not include “ # % & ‘ + \.

50

3-2-2.Port Status

The function Port Status gathers the information of all ports’ current status
and reports it by the order of port number, media, link status, port state, Auto­Negotiation status, speed/duplex, Rx Pause and Tx Pause. An extra media type
information for the module ports 12 and 16 is also offered (See Fig. 3-14).

Fig. 3-13

Function name:

Port Status

Function Description:

Report the latest updated status of all ports in this switch. When any one of the
ports in the switch changes its parameter displayed in the page, it will be
automatically refreshed the port current status about every 5 seconds.

Parameter Description:

Port:

Display the port number. The number is 1 – 16. Both port 13 ~ 16 are
optional modules.

Link:

Show that if the link on the port is active or not. If the link is connected to
a working-well device, the Link will show the link “Up”; otherwise, it will
show “Down”. This is determined by the hardware on both devices of the
connection.

No default value.

51

Speed / Duplex Mode:

Display the speed and duplex of all port. There are three speeds 10Mbps,
100Mbps and 1000Mbps supported for TP media, and the duplex
supported is half duplex and full duplex. If the media is 1Gbps fiber, it is
1000Mbps supported only. The status of speed/duplex mode is
determined by 1) the negotiation of both local port and link partner in
“Auto Speed” mode or 2) user setting in “Force” mode. The local port has
to be preset its capability.

Default: None, depends on the result of the negotiation.

Flow Control:

Show each port’s flow control status.
There are two types of flow control in Ethernet, Backpressure for half-

duplex operation and Pause flow control (IEEE802.3x) for full-duplex
operation. The switch supports both of them.

Default: None, depends on the result of the negotiation.

Description:

network managers provide a description of device ports.

Parameter description of Port 13 ~ Port 16:

Note: If you want to get the below detail information then you need to click

right button of mouse on SFP icon.

Fig. 3-14

52

Connector Type:

Display the connector type, for instance, UTP, SC, ST, LC and so
on.

Fiber Type:

Display the fiber mode, for instance, Multi-Mode, Single-Mode.

Tx Central Wavelength:

Display the fiber optical transmitting central wavelength, for
instance, 850nm, 1310nm, 1550nm and so on.

Baud Rate:

Display the maximum baud rate of the fiber module supported, for
instance, 10M, 100M, 1G and so on.

Vendor OUI:

Display the Manufacturer's OUI code which is assigned by IEEE.

Vendor Name:

Display the company name of the module manufacturer.

Vendor P/N:

Display the product name of the naming by module manufacturer.

Vendor Rev (Revision):

Display the module revision.

Vendor SN (Serial Number):

Show the serial number assigned by the manufacturer.

Date Code:

Show the date this SFP module was made.

Temperature:

Show the current temperature of SFP module.
Vcc:
Show the working DC voltage of SFP module.
Mon1(Bias) mA:
Show the Bias current of SFP module.
Mon2(TX PWR):
Show the transmit power of SFP module.
Mon3(RX PWR):
Show the receiver power of SFP module.

53

3-2-3. Simple Counter

The function of Simple Counter collects any information and provides the

counting about the traffic of the port, no matter the packet is good or bad.

In the Fig. 3-15, the window can show all ports’ counter information at the
same time. Each data field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the counter
will be reset and restart counting. The data is updated every time interval defined by
the user. The Refresh Interval is used to set the update frequency.

Fig. 3-15

Function name:

Simple Counter

Function description:

Display the summary counting of each port’s traffic, including Tx Byte, Rx Byte,
Tx Packet, Rx Packet, Tx Collision and Rx Error Packet.

Parameters description:

Packet:

Transmit::

The counting number of the packet transmitted.

Receive:

The counting number of the packet received.

Bytes:

Transmit::

Total transmitted bytes.

Receive:

Total received bytes.

54

Error:

Transmit::

Number of bad packets transmitted.

Receive:

Number of bad packets received.

Drops

Transmit::

Number of packets transmitted drop.

Receive:

Number of packets received drop.

Auto-refresh:

The simple counts will be refreshed automatically on the UI screen.

Refresh:

The simple counts will be refreshed manually when user use mouse to
click on “Refresh” button.

Clear:

The simple counts will be reset to zero when user use mouse to click
on “Clear” button.

55

3-2-4. Detail Counter

The function of Detail Counter collects any information and provides the
counting about the traffic of the port, no matter the packet is good or bad.

In the Fig. 3-16, the window can show only one port counter information at
the same time. To see another port’s counter, you have to pull down the list of
Select, then you will see the figures displayed about the port you had chosen.

Each data field has 20-digit long. If the counting is overflow, the counter will
be reset and restart counting. The data is updated every time interval defined by the
user. The valid range is 3 to 10 seconds. The Refresh Interval is used to set the
update frequency. Default update time is 3 seconds.

Fig. 3-16

Function name:

Detail Counter

Function description:

Display the detailed counting number of each port’s traffic. In the Fig. 3-14, the
window can show all counter information of each port at one time.

Parameter description:

Rx Packets:

The counting number of the packet received.

RX Octets:

Total received bytes.

Rx High Priority Packets:

Number of Rx packets classified as high priority.

56

Rx Low Priority Packets:

Number of Rx packets classified as low priority.

Rx Broadcast:

Show the counting number of the received broadcast packet.

Rx Multicast:

Show the counting number of the received multicast packet.

Tx Packets:

The counting number of the packet transmitted.

TX Octets:

Total transmitted bytes.

Tx High Priority Packets:

Number of Tx packets classified as high priority.

Tx Low Priority Packets:

Number of Tx packets classified as low priority.

Tx Broadcast:

Show the counting number of the transmitted broadcast packet.

Tx Multicast:

Show the counting number of the transmitted multicast packet.

Rx 64 Bytes:

Number of 64-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Rx 65-127 Bytes:

Number of 65 ~ 126-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Rx 128-255 Bytes:

Number of 127 ~ 255-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Rx 256-511 Bytes:

Number of 256 ~ 511-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Rx 512-1023 Bytes:

Number of 512 ~ 1023-byte frames in good and bad packets received.

Rx 1024-Bytes:

Number of 1024-max_length-byte frames in good and bad packets
received.

Tx 64 Bytes:

Number of 64-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.

Tx 65-127 Bytes:

Number of 65 ~ 126-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.

Tx 128-255 Bytes:

Number of 127 ~ 255-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.

57

Tx 256-511 Bytes:

Number of 256 ~ 511-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.

Tx 512-1023 Bytes:

Number of 512 ~ 1023-byte frames in good and bad packets transmitted.

Tx 1024-Bytes:

Number of 1024-max_length-byte frames in good and bad packets
transmitted.

Rx CRC/Alignment:

Number of Alignment errors and CRC error packets received.

Rx Undersize:

Number of short frames (<64 Bytes) with valid CRC.

Rx Oversize:

Number of long frames(according to max_length register) with valid CRC.

Rx Fragments:

Number of short frames (< 64 bytes) with invalid CRC.

Rx Jabber:

Number of long frames(according tomax_length register) with invalid
CRC.

Rx Drops:

Frames dropped due to the lack of receiving buffer.

Rx Errors:

Number of the error packet received.

Tx Collisions:

Number of collisions transmitting frames experienced.

Tx Drops:

Number of frames dropped due to excessive collision, late collision, or
frame aging.

Tx FIFO Drops:

Number of frames dropped due to the lack of transmitting buffer.

Auto-refresh:

The detail counts will be refreshed automatically on the UI screen.

Refresh:

The detail counts will be refreshed manually when user use mouse to
click on “Refresh” button.

Clear:

The detail counts will be reset to zero when user use mouse to click on
“Clear” button.

58

3-3. VLAN

The switch supports Tag-based VLAN (802.1Q) and Port-based VLAN.
Support 4094 active VLANs and VLAN ID 1~4094. VLAN configuration is used to
partition your LAN into small ones as your demand. Properly configuring it, you can
gain not only improving security and increasing performance but greatly reducing
VLAN management.

3-3-1. VLAN Mode

Function name:

VLAN Mode Setting

Function description:

The VLAN Mode Selection function includes five modes: Port-based, Tag­based, Metro Mode, Double-tag and Disable, you can choose one of them by
pulling down list and selecting an item. Then, click <Apply> button, the
settings will take effect immediately.

Parameter description:

VLAN Mode:

Port-based:

Port-based VLAN is defined by port. Any packet coming in or
outgoing from any one port of a port-based VLAN will be accepted.
No filtering criterion applies in port-based VLAN. The only criterion
is the physical port you connect to. For example, for a port-based
VLAN named PVLAN-1 contains port members Port 1&2&3&4. If
you are on the port 1, you can communicate with port 2&3&4. If you
are on the port 5, then you cannot talk to them. Each port-based
VLAN you built up must be assigned a group name. This switch can
support up to maximal 16 port-based VLAN groups.

Tag-based:

Tag-based VLAN identifies its member by VID. This is quite
different from port-based VLAN. If there are any more rules in
ingress filtering list or egress filtering list, the packet will be
screened with more filtering criteria to determine if it can be
forwarded. The switch supports supplement of 802.1q. For more
details, please see the section VLAN in Chapter 3.

Each tag-based VLAN you built up must be assigned VLAN name
and VLAN ID. Valid VLAN ID is 1-4094. User can create total up to
4094 Tag VLAN groups.

Fig. 3-17

59

3-3-2. Tag-based Group

Function name:

Tag-based Group Configuration

Function description:

It shows the information of existed Tag-based VLAN Groups, You can also
easily create, edit and delete a Tag-based VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
<Edit> and <Delete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
inputting a new VLAN name and VLAN ID.

Fig. 3-18

Parameter description:

VLAN Name:

The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “

- “ and “_” characters. The maximal

length is 15 characters.

VLAN ID:

VLAN identifier. Each tag-based VLAN group has a unique VID. It
appears only in tag-based and Double-tag mode.

IGMP Proxy:

IGMP proxy enables the switch to issue IGMP host messages on behalf
of hosts that the system discovered through standard IGMP interfaces.
The system acts as a proxy for its hosts. This switch can be set IGMP
function “Enable” or “Disable” by VLAN group. If the VLAN group
IGMP proxy is disabled, the switch will stop the exchange of IGMP
messages in the VLAN group members. If the VLAN group IGMP proxy
is enabled, the switch will support the exchange of IGMP messages in
the VLAN group members and follow up IGMP proxy router port
configuration, which connects to a router closer to the root of the tree.
This interface is the upstream interface. The router on the upstream
interface should be running IGMP. You enable IGMP on the interfaces
that connect the system to its hosts that are farther away from the root of
the tree. These interfaces are known as downstream interfaces. Please
refer to 3-15-1 for detail IGMP Proxy function description.

Member Port:

This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check

box (

;) beside the port x to enable it.

60

Add new VLAN:

Please click on <Add new VLAN> to create a new Tag-based VLAN.
Input the VLAN name as well as VID, configure the SYM-VLAN function
and choose the member by ticking the check box beside the port No.,
then, press the <Apply> button to have the setting taken effect.

Fig. 3-19

Delete Group:

Just press the <Delete> button to remove the selected group entry from
the Tag-based group table.

Fig. 3-20

Note: If you need use PVLAN( Private VLAN) function on Switch then you

need follow up the process as below:

a. Create a VLAN as primary VLAN and the VLAN ID is 2 and evoke the Private

VLAN to enable Private VLAN service.

b. Assign port member to the VLAN2

Fig. 3-20-1

61

c. You need to assign these ports for member of port isolatio n.

d. Press the “Save” to complete the PVLAN configuration process.

62

3-3-3. Port-based Group

Function name:

Port-based Group Configuration

Function description:

It shows the information of the existed Port-based VLAN Groups. You can
easily create, edit and delete a Port-based VLAN group by pressing <Add>,
<Edit> and <Delete> function buttons. User can add a new VLAN group by
inputting a new VLAN name.

Parameter description:

VLAN Name:

The name defined by administrator is associated with a VLAN group.
Valid letters are A-Z, a-z, 0-9, “

- “ and “_” characters. The maximal

length is 15 characters.

Member Port:

This is used to enable or disable if a port is a member of the new added
VLAN, “Enable” means it is a member of the VLAN. Just tick the check

box (

;) beside the port x to enable it.

Fig. 3-21

Add new VLAN:

Create a new Port-based VLAN. Input the VLAN name and choose the
member by ticking the check box beside the port No., then, press the
<Apply> button to have the setting taken effect.

Fig. 3-22

63

Delete Group:

Just press the <Delete> button to remove the selected group entry from
the Port-based group table.

Fig. 3-23

64

3-3-4. Ports

Function name:

VLAN Port Configuration

Function description:

In VLAN Tag Rule Setting, user can input VID number to each port. The range
of VID number is from 1 to 4094. User also can choose ingress filtering rules
to each port. There are two ingress filtering rules which can be applied to the
switch. The Ingress Filtering Rule 1 is “forward only packets with VID matching
this port’s configured VID”. The Ingress Filtering Rule 2 is “drop untagged
frame”. You can also select the Role of each port as A ccess, Trunk, or Hybrid.

Parameter description:

Port 1-16:

Port number.

VLAN Aware:

Based on IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag to forward packet

Ingress Filtering:

Discard other VLAN group packets, only forward this port joined VLAN
group packets

Frame Type:

All: Forward all tagged and untagged packets
Tagged: Forward tagged packets only a nd discard untagged packets

PVID:

This PVID range will be 1-4094. Before you set a number x as PVID, you
have to create a Tag-based VLAN with VID x. For example, if port x
receives an untagged packet, the switch will apply the PVID (assume as
VID y) of port x to tag this packet, the packet then will be forwarded as
the tagged packet with VID y.

Role:

This is an egress rule of the port. Here you can choose Access, Trunk or
Hybrid. Trunk means the outgoing packets must carry VLAN tag header.
Access means the outgoing packets carry no VLAN tag header. If
packets have double VLAN tags, one will be dropped and the other will
still be left. As to Hybrid, it is similar to Trunk, and both of them will tag­out. When the port is set to Hybrid, its packets will be untagged out if the
VID of the outgoing packets with tag is the same as the one in the field of
Untag VID of this port.

Untag VID:

Valid range is 1~4094. It works only when Role is set to Hybrid.

65

Fig. 3-24

66

3-3-5. Management

Function name:

Management

Function description:

To assign a specific VLAN for management purpose.

Parameter description:

VID: Specific Management VLAN ID.

Fig. 3-25

67

3-4. MAC

MAC Table Configuration gathers many functions, including MAC Table
Information, MAC Table Maintenance, Static Forward, Static Filter and MAC Alias,
which cannot be categorized to some function type. They are described below.

3-4-1. Mac Address Table

Function name:

MAC Address T able Information

Function Description:

This function can allow the user to set up the processing mechanism of MAC
Table. An idle MAC address exceeding MAC Address Age-out Time will be
removed from the MAC Table. The range of Age-out Time is 10-1000000
seconds, and the setup of this time will have no effect on static MAC
addresses.

In addition, the learning limit of MAC maintenance is able to limit the amount
of MAC that each port can learn.

Fig. 3-26

Parameter description:

Aging Time:

Delete a MAC address idling for a period of time from the MAC Table,
which will not affect static MAC address. Range of MAC Address Aging
Time is 10-1000000 seco nds. The default Aging Time is 300 seconds.

Disable automatic aging:

Stop the MAC table aging timer, the learned MAC address will not age
out automatically

68

Auto:

Enable this port MAC address dynamic learning mechanism.

Disable:

Disable this port MAC address dynamic learning mechanism, only
support static MAC address setting.

Secure:

Disable this port MAC address dynamic learning mechanism and copy
the dynamic learning packets to CPU

Save:

Save MAC Address Table configuration

Reset:

Reset MAC Address Table configuration

69

3-4-2. Static Filter

Function name:

Static Filter

Function Description:

Static Filter is a function that denies the packet forwarding if the packet’s MAC
Address is listed in the filtering Static Filter table. User can very easily
maintain the table by filling in MAC Address, VID (VLAN ID) and Alias fields
individually. User also can delete the existed entry by clicking <Delete> button.

Fig. 3-27

Parameter description:

MAC:

It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,

00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 02

VID:

VLAN identifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.

Alias:

MAC alias name you assign.

70

3-4-3. Static Forward

Function Name:

Static Forward

Function Description:

Static Forward is a function that allows the user in the static forward table to
access a specified port of the switch. Static Forward table associated with a
specified port of a switch is set up by manually inputting MAC address and its
alias name.

When a MAC address is assigned to a specific port, all of the switch’s traffics
sent to this MAC address will be forwarded to this port.

For adding a MAC address entry in the allowed table, you just need to fill in
four parameters: MAC address, associated port, VID and Alias. Just select the
existed MAC address entry you want and click <Delete> button, you also can
remove it.

Fig. 3-28

Parameter description:

MAC:

It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,

00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 01

Port No:

Port number of the switch. It is 1 ~16.

VID:

VLAN identifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.

Alias:

MAC alias name you assign.

71

3-4-4. MAC Alias

Function name:

MAC Alias

Function description:

MAC Alias function is used to let you assign MAC address a plain English
name. This will help you tell which MAC address belongs to which user in the
illegal access report. At the initial time, it shows all pairs of the existed alias
name and MAC address.

There are three MAC alias functions in this function folder , including MAC Alias
Add, MAC Alias Edit and MAC Alias Delete. You can click <Create/Edit>
button to add/modify a new or an existed alias name for a specified MAC
address, or mark an existed entry to delete it. Alias name must be composed
of A-Z, a-z and 0-9 only and has a maximal length of 15 characters.

Fig. 3-29

Parameter description:

MAC Address:

It is a six-byte long Ethernet hardware address and usually expressed by
hex and separated by hyphens. For example,

00 – 40 - C7 - D6 – 00 - 01

Alias:

MAC alias name you assign.

Note: If there are too many MAC addresses learned in the table, we

recommend you inputting the MAC address and alias name directly.

72

3-4-5. MAC Table

Function name:

Dynamic MAC Table

Function Description:

Display the static or dynamic learning MAC entry and the state for t he selected
port.

Fig. 3-30

Parameter description:

Type:

Dynamic or St atic.

VLAN:

VLAN identifier. This will be filled only when tagged VLAN is applied.
Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.

MAC address:

Display the MAC address of one entry you selected from the searched
MAC entries table.

Port:

The port that exists in the searched MAC Entry.

Refresh:

Refresh function can help you to see current MAC Table status.

Clear:

To clear the selected entry.

Previous Page:

Move to the previous page.

Next Page:

Move to the next page.

73

3-5. GVRP

GVRP is an application based on Generic Attribute Registration Protocol
(GARP), mainly used to automatically and dynamically maintain the group
membership information of the VLANs. The GVRP offers the function providing the
VLAN registration service through a GARP application. It makes use of GARP
Information Declaration (GID) to maintain the ports associated with their attribute
database and GARP Information Propagation (GIP) to communicate among
switches and end stations. With GID information and GIP, GVRP state machine
maintain the contents of Dynamic VLAN Registration Entries for each VLAN and
propagate these information to other GVRP-aware devices to setup and update
their knowledge database, the set of VLANs associated with currently active
members, and through which ports these members can be reached.

In GVRP Configuration function folder, there are three functions supported,
including GVRP Config, GVRP Counter and GVRP Group explained below.

3-5-1. Config

Function name:

GVRP Configuration

Function description:

In the function of GVRP Config, it is used to configure each port’s GVRP
operation mode, in which there are seven parameters needed to be configured
described below .

Fig. 3-31

74

Parameter description:

GVRP State:

This function is simply to let you enable or disable GVRP function. You
can pull down the list and click the <Downward> arrow key to choose
“Enable” or “Disable”. Then, click the <Apply> button, the system will
take effect immediately.

Join Time:

Used to declare the Join Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
20 –100 centisecond, Default: 20 centisecond.

Leave Time:

Used to declare the Leave Time in unit of centisecond. Valid time range:
60 –300 centisecond, Default: 60 centisecond.

Leave All Time:

A time period for announcement that all registered device is going to be
de-registered. If someone still issues a new join, then a registration will
be kept in the switch. Valid range: 1000-5000 unit time, Default: 1000 unit
time.

Default Applicant Mode:

The mode here means the type of participant. There are two modes,
normal participant and non-participant, provided for the user’s choice.

Normal:

It is Normal Participant. In this mode, the switch participates
normally in GARP protocol exchanges. The default setting is
Normal.

Non-Participant:

It is Non-Participant. In this mode, the switch does not send or
reply any GARP messages. It just listens messages and
reacts for the received GVRP BPDU.

Default Registrar Mode:

The mode here means the type of Registrar. There are three types of
parameters for registrar administrative control value, normal registrar,
fixed registrar and forbidden registrar, provided for the user’s choice.

Normal:

It is Normal Registration. The Registrar responds normally to
incoming GARP messages. The default setting is Normal.

Fixed:

It is Registration Fixed. The Registrar ignores all GARP
messages, and all members remain in the registered (IN)
state.

Forbidden:

It is Registration Forbidden. The Registrar ignores all GARP
messages, and all members remain in the unregistered
(EMPTY) state.

75

Restricted Mode:

This function is used to restrict dynamic VLAN be created when this port
received GVRP PDU. There are two modes, disable and enable,
provided for the user’s choice.

Disabled:

In this mode, the switch dynamic VLAN will be created when
this port received GVRP PDU. The default setting is Normal.

Enabled:

In this mode, the switch does not create dynamic VLAN when
this port received GVRP PDU. Except received dynamic
VLAN message of the GVRP PDU is an existed static VLAN in
the switch, this port will be added into the static VLAN
members dynamically.

76

3-5-2. Counter

Function name:

GVRP Counter

Function description:

All GVRP counters are mainly divided into Received and Transmitted two
categories to let you monitor the GVRP actions. Actually, they are GARP
packets.

Fig. 3-32

Parameter description:

Received:

Total GVRP Packets:

Total GVRP BPDU is received by the GVRP application.

Invalid GVRP Packets:

Number of invalid GARP BPDU is received by the GARP

application.

LeaveAll Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave All message is received by the
GARP application.

JoinEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join Empty message is received by
the GARP application.

JoinIn Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join In message is received by the
GARP application.

LeaveEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave Empty message is received by
the GARP application.

Empty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Empty message is received by the
GARP application.

77

Transmitted:

Total GVRP Packets:

Total GARP BPDU is transmitted by the GVRP application.

Invalid GVRP Packets:

Number of invalid GARP BPDU is transmitted by the GVRP

application.

LeaveAll Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave All message is transmitted
by the GARP application.

JoinEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join Empty message is transmitted by
the GARP application.

JoinIn Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Join In message is transmitted by the
GARP application.

LeaveEmpty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Leave Empty message is transmitted
by the GARP application.

Empty Message Packets:

Number of GARP BPDU with Empty message is transmitted by the
GARP application.

78

3-5-3. Group

Function name:

GVRP Group VLAN Information

Function description:

To show the dynamic group member and their information.

Fig. 3-33

Parameter description:

VID:

VLAN identifier. When GVRP group creates, each dynamic VLAN group
owns its VID. Valid range is 1 ~ 4094.

Member Port:

Those are the members belonging to the same dynamic VLAN group.

Edit Administrative Control:

When you create GVRP group, you can use Administrative Control
function to change Applicant Mode and Registrar Mode of GVRP group
member.

79

3-6. QoS(Quality of Service) Configuration

The switch support four QoS queues per port with strict or weighted fair
queuing scheduling. There are 24 QoS Control Lists (QCL) for advance
programmable QoS classification, based on IEEE 802.1p, Ethertype, VID, IPv4/IPv6
DSCP and UDP/TCP ports and ranges.

High flexibility in the classification of incoming frames to a QoS class. The
QoS classification looks for information up to Layer 4, including IPv4 and IPv6
DSCP, IPv4 TCP/UDP port numbers, and user priority of tagged frames. This QoS
classification mechanism is implemented in a QoS control list (QCL). The QoS class
assigned to a frame is used throughout the device for providing queuing, scheduling,
and congestion control guarantees to the frame according to what was configured
for that specific QoS class.

The switch support advanced memory control mechanisms providing
excellent performance of all QoS classes under any traffic scenario, including jumbo
frame. A super priority queue with dedicated memory and strict highest priority in
the arbitration. The ingress super priority queue allows traffic recognized as CPU
traffic to be received and queued for transmission to the CPU even when all the
QoS class queues are congested.

3-6-1. Ports

Function name:

Port QoS Configuration

Function description:

To configure each port QoS behavior. Four QoS queue per port with strict or
weighted fair queuing scheduling. There are 24 QoS Control Lists (QCL) for
advance programmable QoS classification, based on IEEE 802.1p, Ethertype,
VID, IPv4/IPv6 DSCP and UDP/TCP ports and ranges.

Fig. 3-34

80

Parameter description:

Number of Classes:

1 / 2 / 4

Port:

User can choose the port (1~16) respectively with Priority Class on Per
Port Priority function.

Default Class:

User can set up High Priority or Low Priority for each port respectively.
Low / Normal / Medium / High

QCL:

The number of QCL rule 1~24, each port have to apply one of the QCL
rule for QoS behavior

User priority:

The user priority value 0~7 (3 bits) is used as an index to the eight QoS
class values for VLAN tagged or priority tagged frames.

Queuing Mode:

There are two Scheduling Method, Strict Priority and Weighted Fair.
Default is Strict Priority. After you choose any of Scheduling Method,
please click Apply button to be in operation.

Queue Weighted:

There are four queues per port and four classes weighted number (1 / 2 /
4 / 8) for each queues, you can select the weighted number when the
scheduling method be set to “Weighted Fair” mode.

81

3-6-2. Qos Control List

Function name:

Qos Control List Configuration

Function description:

The

switch support four QoS queues per port with strict or weighted fair

queuing scheduling. There are 24 QoS Control Lists (QCL) for advance
programmable QoS classification, based on IEEE 802.1p, Ether Type, VID,
IPv4/IPv6 DSCP and UDP/TCP ports and ranges.

Fig. 3-35

Delete this entry

Insert an entry

Edit this entry

Move up this entry

Move down this entry

82

QCE Configuration:

The QCL consists of 12 QoS Control Ent ries (QCEs) that are searched
from the top of the list to the bottom of the list for a match. The first
matching QCE determines the QoS classification of the frame. The QCE
ordering is therefore important for the resulting QoS classification
algorithm. If no matching QCE is found, the default QoS class is used in
the port QoS configuration.

Fig. 3-36

Fig. 3-37

Fig. 3-38

83

Fig. 3-39

Fig. 3-40

Fig. 3-41

84

Fig. 3-42

Parameter description:

QCL#:

QCL number : 1~24

QCE Type:

Ethernet Type / VLAN ID / UDP/TCP Port / DSCP / ToS / Tag Priority

Ethernet Type Value:

The configurable range is 0x600~0xFFFF. Well known protocols already
assigned EtherType values. The commonly used values in the EtherType
field and corresponding protocols are listed below:

Ethertype

(Hexadecimal)

Protocol

0x0800 IP, Internet Protocol
0x0801 X.75 Internet
0x0802 NBS Internet
0x0803 ECMA Internet
0x0804 Chaosnet
0x0805 X.25 Level 3
0x0806 ARP, Address Resolution Protocol.
0x0808 Frame Relay ARP [RFC1701]
0x6559 Raw Frame Relay [RFC1701]

85

0x8035

DRARP, Dynamic RARP. RARP,

Reverse Address Resolution Protocol.
0x8037 Novell Netware IPX
0x809B EtherTalk (AppleTalk over Ethernet)

0x80D5 IBM SNA Services over Ethernet

0x 80F3

AARP, AppleTalk Address Resolution

Protocol.

0x8100

IEEE Std 802.1Q - Customer VLAN Tag

Type.

0x8137 IPX, Internet Packet Exchange.

0x 814C

SNMP, Simple Network Management

Protocol.

0x86DD IPv6, Internet Protocol version 6.

0x880B PPP, Point-to-Point Protocol.

0x 880C

GSMP, General Switch Management

Protocol.

0x8847

MPLS, Multi-Protocol Label Switching

(unicast).

0x8848

MPLS, Multi-Protocol Label Switching

(multicast).

0x8863

PPPoE, PPP Over Ethernet (Discovery

Stage).

0x8864

PPPoE, PPP Over Ethernet (PPP

Session Stage).

0x88BB

LWAPP, Light Weight Access Point

Protocol.

0x88CC LLDP, Link Layer Discovery Protocol.

0x8E88 EAPOL, EAP over LAN.

0x9000 Loopback (Configuration Test Protocol)

0xFFFF reserved.

VLAN ID:

The configurable VID range:1~4094

UDP/TCP Port:

To select the UDP/TCP port classification method by Range or Specific.

UDP/TCP Port Range:

86

The configurable ports range: 0~65535
You can refer to following UDP/TCP port-numbers information.

http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

UDP/TCP Port No.:

The configurable specific port value: 0~65535

DSCP Value:

The configurable DSCP value: 0~63

Traffic Class:

Low / Normal / Medium / High

87

3-6-3.Rate Limiters

Function name:

Rate Limit Configuration

Function description:

Each port includes an ingress policer, and an egress shaper, which can limit
the bandwidth of received and transmitted frames. Ingress policer or egress
shaper operation is controlled per port in the Rate Limit Configuration.

Fig. 3-43

Parameter description:

Port #:

Port number.

Policer Enabled:

Policer enabled to limit ingress bandwidth by policer rate.

Policer Rate:

The configurable policer rate range:
500 Kbps ~ 1000000 Kbps
1 Mbps ~ 1000 Mbps

Policer Unit:

88

There are two units for ingress policer rate limit: kbps / Mbps

Shaper Enabled:

Shaper enabled to limit egress bandwidth by shaper rate.

Shaper Rate:

The configurable shaper rate range:
500 Kbps ~ 1000000 Kbps
1 Mbps ~ 1000 Mbps

Shaper Unit:

There are two units for egress shaper rate limit: kbps / Mbps

89

3-6-4.Storm Control

Function name:

Storm Control Configuration

Function description:

The switch support storm ingress policer control function to limit the Flooded,
Multicast and Broadcast to prevent storm event happen.

Fig. 3-44

Parameter description:

Frame Type:

There three frame types of storm can be controlled: Flooded unicast /
Multicast / Broadcast

Status:

Enable/Disable Selection: means enabled, means disabled

Rate(pps):

Refer to the following rate configurable value list, the unit is Packet Per
Second (pps).

1 / 2 / 4 / 8 / 16 / 32 / 64 / 128 / 256 / 512 / 1K / 2K / 4K / 8K / 16K / 32K /
64K / 128K / 256K / 512K / 1024K

90

3-6-5.Wizard

Function name:

Wizard

Function description:

The QCL configuration Wizard is targeted on user can easy to configure the
QCL rules for QoS configuration. The wizard provide the typical network
application rules, user can apply these application easily.

Fig. 3-45

Parameter description:

Please select an Action:

User need to select one of action from following items, then click on
<Next> to finish QCL configuration:

 Set up Port Policies
 Set up Typical Network Application Rules
 Set up TOS Precedence Mapping
 Set up VLAN Tag Priority Mapping

Next:

Go to next step.

Cancel:

Abort current configuration back to previous step.

Back:

Back to previous screen.

91

Fig. 3-46 Set up Port Policies

Parameter description:

QCL ID:

QoS Control List (QCL): 1~24

Port Member:

Port Member: 1~16

Fig. 3-47

Set up Port Policies

Parameter description:

Wizard Again:

Click on the <Wizard Again> , back to QCL Configuration Wizard.

Finish:

When you click on <Finish>, the parameters will be set according to the
wizard configuration and shown on the screen, then ask you to click on
<Apply> for changed parameters confirmation.

92

Fig. 3-48 Set up Port Policies Finish

Fig. 3-49 Set up Typical Network Application Rules

Fig. 3-50 Set up Typical Network Application Rules

93

Fig. 3-51 Set up Typical Network Application Rules

Parameter description:

Audio and Video:

QuickTime 4 Server / MSN Messenger Phone / Yahoo Messenger
Phone / Napster / Real Audio

Games:

Blizzard Battlenet (Diablo2 and StarCraft) / Fighter Ace II / Quake2 /
Quake3 / MSN Game Zone

User Definition:

Ethernet Type / VLAN ID / UDP/TCP Port / DSCP

Ethernet Type Value:

Type Range: 0x600~0xFFFF

VLAN ID:

VLAN ID Range: 1~4094

UDP/TCP Port:

Two Mode: Range / Specific

UDP/TCP Port Range:

Port Range: 0~65535

UDP/TCP Port No.:

Port Range: 0~65535

DSCP Value:

DSCP Value Range: 0~63

94

Fig. 3-52 Set up Typical Network Application Rules

Parameter description:

QCL ID:

QCL ID Range: 1~24

Traffic Cla ss:

There are four classes: Low / Normal / Medium / High

Fig. 3-53 Set up Typical Network Application Rules