INSTRUCTION
MODEL 4010A
MANUAL
GENERATOR
2 MHz
FUNCTION
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
FAX 781.665.0780 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
1
TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY
WARNING
Normal use of test equipment exposes you to a certain amount of danger from electrical shock because testing must sometimes be
performed where exposed voltage is present. An electrical shock causing 10 milliamps of current to pass through the heart will stop mos t
human heartbeats. Voltage as low as 35 volts dc or ac rms should be considered dangerous and hazardous since it can produce a lethal
current under certain conditions. Higher voltages pose an even greater threat because such voltage can more easily produce a lethal
current. Your normal work habits should include all accepted practices to prevent contact with exposed high voltage, and to steer current
away from your heart in case of accidental contact with a high voltage. You will sig nifi cant ly re duce the r isk fa ctor if yo u kno w and
observe the following safety precautions:
1. Don't expose high voltage needlessly. Remove housings and covers only when necessary. Turn off equipment while making test
connections in high-voltage circuits. Discharge high-voltage capacitors after remo ving power.
2. If possible, familiarize yourself with the equipment being tested and the location of its high voltage points. However, remember that
high voltage may appear at unexpected points in defective equipment.
3. Use an insulated floor material or a large, insulated floor mat to stand on, and an insulated work surface on which to place
equipment; and make certain such surfaces are not damp or wet.
4. Use the time proven "one hand in the pocket" technique while handling an instrument probe. Be particularly careful to avoid
contacting a nearby metal object that could provide a good ground return path.
5. When testing ac powered equipment, remember that ac line voltage is usually present on some power input circuits such as the on-
off switch, fuses, power transformer, etc. any time the equipment is connected to an ac outlet, even if the equipment is turned off.
(continued on inside back cover)
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
FAX 781.665.0780 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
2
Instruction Manual
for
MODEL 4010A
2 MHz
FUNCTION
GENERATOR
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
FAX 781.665.0780 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
page
TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY...............inside front cover
INTRODUCTION ............................................................5
SPECIFICATIONS........................................................... 6
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS ....................................8
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS..................................... 10
Frequency and Waveform Selection ............................ 10
Considerations ........................................................... 11
Duty Cycle Control .................................................... 12
TTL/CMOS Output .................................................... 13
Voltage Controlled Frequency Operation.....................13
Output Protection Considerations ............................... 14
Function Generator Applications Guidebook ..............14
page
MAINTENANCE........................................................... 15
Fuse Replacement....................................................... 15
Function Generator Guidebook ................................... 15
SERVICE INFORMATION............................................ 17
LIMITED TWO-YEAR WARRANTY............................ 18
4
INTRODUCTION
The B+K Precision Model 4010A Function Generator is a
versatile signal source which combines several functions into one
unit. A calibrated dial provides frequency accuracy within 5%.
High stability assures that the output frequency does not drift.
The heart of the function generator is a VCG (voltage-controlled
generator) that produces precision sine, square, or triangle waves
over the 0.2 Hz to 2 MHz range. This encompasses subaudible,
audio, ultrasonic, and RF applications. A continuously variable dc
offset allows the output to be injected directly into circuits at the
correct bias level.
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
FAX 781.665.0780 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
5
Variable symmetry of the output waveform converts the
instrument to a pulse generator capable of generating
rectangular waves or pulses, ramp or sawtooth waves, and
slewed sine waves.
In addition to the above features, an external signal may
be used to sweep the output frequency or control operating
frequency. This is useful in situations where an externally
controlled frequency is desirable.
With this versatility, the unit has a vast number of
applications in both analog and digital electronics in the
engineering, manufacturing, servicing, educational, and
hobbyist fields.
SPECIFICATIONS
FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS
Waveforms
Sine, Square, Triangle, ± Pulse, ± Ramp
Range
0.2 Hz to 2 MHz in 7 ranges
Dial Accuracy
± 5%
Tuning Range
10:1
Variable Duty Cycle
15:85:15 Continuously Variable
Operating Modes
Normal, VCG (Voltage Controlled Generator)
OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS
Impedance
50 Ω ± 10%
Level
20 V p-p Open-circuit, 10 V p-p into 50Ω
Amplitude Control
Variable, 20 dB range typical
Attenuation
-20 dB ±1 dB
DC Offset
Preset: ±0.1 V typical
Variable: ±10V open-circuit, ±5V into 50 Ω
SINE WAVE
Distortion
4% typical at 1 kHz
Flatness
±5% (0.45 dB)
SQUARE WAVE
Symmetry
≤2% 0.2 Hz to 100 kHz
Rise Time
≤120 nS
TRIANGLE WAVE
Linearity
≥98% to 100 kHz
6
SPECIFICATIONS
TTL OUTPUT
Level 0.8 V to 2.4 V
Rise Time ≤20 nS
Duty Cycle 50% typical
CMOS OUTPUT
Level 4 V to 14 V ±0.5V p-p,
Continuously Variable
Rise Time ≤50 nS
VCG (Voltage Controlled Generator) INPUT
Input Voltage
0 - 10 V ±1 V causes a 100:1 frequency change
Impedance
10 kΩ ±5%
NOTE: Specifications and information are subject to change without notice.
POWER SOURCE
120 / 230 VAC ±10%, 50 / 60 Hz, internal jumper
selectable
DIMENSIONS (H x W x D)
4 1/2" x 10 1/2" x 12 1/4" (26.7cm x 11.4cm x 31.1cm)
WEIGHT
4.1 lb. (1.845 kg.)
ACCESSORIES
Instruction Manual
Output Cable, BNC to Alligator Clips
7
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
FRONT PANEL (Refer to Fig. 1)
1. POWER Switch. Turns power on and off.
2. RANGE Switch. Selects output frequency range. Seven
ranges from 2 Hz to 2 MHz. Switch indicates maximum
frequency of range and is adjusted with FREQUENCY
control to 0.1 times the maximum. For example, if the
200 kHz range is selected, the output frequency can be
adjusted from 20 kHz to 200 kHz.
3. FUNCTION Switch. Selects sine, square, or triangle
waveform at OUTPUT jack.
4. OUTPUT LEVEL Control. Controls the amplitude of
the signal at the OUTPUT jack. Output level can be
decreased by approximately 20 dB with this control.
5. DC OFFSET Control. Enabled by the DC OFFSET
Switch (12). Clockwise rotation from center changes the
DC offset in a positive direction while counterclockwise
rotation from center changes the DC offset in a negative
direction.
6. OUTPUT Jack. Waveform selected by FUNCTION
switch as well as the superimposed DC OFFSET voltage
is available at this jack.
7. TTL/CMOS Jack. TTL or CMOS square wave,
depending on the position of the CMOS LEVEL switch
(13) is output at this jack. This output is independent of
the OUTPUT LEVEL and DC OFFSET controls.
8. CMOS LEVEL Control. Rotating this control
clockwise increases the amplitude of the CMOS
square wave at the TTL/CMOS jack.
9. VCG Jack. Voltage Controlled Generator input.
Permits external control of generator output
frequency by a DC voltage input at this jack. A
positive voltage will decrease frequency.
10. DUTY CYCLE Control. Enabled by the DUTY
CYCLE Switch (14). Rotation from center position
adjusts the duty cycle of the main OUTPUT signal.
11. -20 dB Switch. When engaged, the signal at the
OUTPUT jack is attenuated by 20 dB.
12. DC OFFSET Switch. When engaged, enables
operation of the DC OFFSET control (5).
13. CMOS LEVEL Switch. When engaged, changes
the TTL signal to CMOS signal at the TTL/CMOS
jack.
14. DUTY CYCLE Switch. When engaged, enables
operation of DUTY CYCLE control (10).
15. FREQUENCY Control. Adjustment of the output
frequency from 0.1 to 1 times the selected range.
16. INV. Allows the user to invert the polarity of the
normal output signal.
8
CONTROLS AND INDICATORS
Figure 1. Model 4010A Controls and Indicators.
9
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
The B+K Precision Model 4010A Function Generator is a
versatile instrument, capable of producing a variety of output
waveforms over a broad range of frequencies. To gain a working
familiarity with the unit, it is recommended that it be connected
initially to an oscilloscope, so that the effects of the various
controls on the output waveforms can be observed. Use this
manual as required for reference until becoming accustomed to
the operating procedures.
FREQUENCY AND WAVEFORM SELECTION
l. Initially, verify that the DUTY CYCLE (14), CMOS
LEVEL (13), DC OFFSET (12), -20dB (11) switches are
in the OUT position (released). This will produce a
symmetrical waveform unaffected by the other controls.
2. Plug the unit into an appropriate power source and turn it on
by engaging the POWER switch (1).
3. Select the desired waveform (SINE, SQUARE, or
TRIANGLE) by engaging one of the FUNCTION switches
(3). Phase relationships of the waveforms are shown in Fig.
2.
4. Select the frequency of the waveform by engaging one of
the RANGE switches (2).
5. Rotate the FREQUENCY control (15) to set the output
frequency to the desired value. The frequency selected is
available at the OUTPUT jack (6). In addition, a digital
signal, either TTL or CMOS is available at the TTL/CMOS
jack (7) (refer to the “TTL/CMOS OUTPUT” section of this
manual).
10
Figure 2. Output Waveform and Phase
Relationship
6. Adjust the amplitude of the output as desired using the
OUTPUT LEVEL control (4). Rotation of this control
varies the amplitude from maximum to 20 dB below
maximum. An additional attenuation of -20 dB is
available by pushing in the -20dB switch (11). The
attenuation factors can be combined for a total of -40
dB. The maximum signal level is 10 V p-p (into 50 Ω).
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Figure 3. Use of DC OFFSET Control
6. Remember that the output signal swing of the generator
is limited to ±10 volts open circuited or ±5 volts into 50
Ω, and applies to the combined peak-to-peak signal and
DC offset. Clipping occurs slightly above these levels.
Fig. 3 illustrates the various operating conditions
encountered when using the DC offset. If the desired
output signal is large or if a large DC offset is required,
an oscilloscope should be used to make sure that the
desired signal is obtained without undesirable clipping.
7. A superimposed DC component can be added to the outp ut
signal by engaging the DC OFFSET switch (12) to enable
operation of the DC OFFSET control (5). Rotation of this
control adds a positive or negative DC component to the
output signal. The DC component introduced is
independent of the OUTPUT LEVEL control and can be
varied by ±10 volts open circuited or ±5 volts i nto 50 Ω.
The DC Offset does not affect the TTL/CMOS output
jack. The effect of DC OFFSET is shown in Fig. 3.
CONSIDERATIONS
l. Counterclockwise rotation of the FREQUENCY control
decreases the output frequency to approximately one-tenth
of the maximum for the range selected (10:1). For
example, if the 20K range is selected and the
FREQUENCY control is set to ful l counterclockwise (dial
setting of .2), the output frequency is approximately 2 kHz.
2. Clockwise rotation of the FREQUENCY control increases
the output frequency. At the fully clockwise setting (dial
setting of 2.0), the output frequency will be equal to the
RANGE selection. That is, when the 20K range is selected
and the dial is set to 2.0, the output will be 20 kHz.
3. When the dial is set to 1.0, the output frequency is one half
of the maximum for the range selected. When the 20K
range is selected and the dial is set to 1.0, the output will
be 10 kHz.
4. A more precise frequency setting may be achieved by
connecting an external frequency counter to the TTL or
output jack.
5. When outputting square waves or when using the TTL
output, terminate the cable into 50 Ω to minimize ringing.
Also, keep cables as short as possible.
11
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS______________________________ _______________ _____________ ____________
DUTY CYCLE CONTROL
The DUTY CYCLE control can be used to alter the
symmetry of the output waveform, to produce waveshapes
such as those shown in Fig. 4. For a square wave, symmetry
variation amounts to changing the duty cycle (ratio of
"high" to "low" time), effectively converting the instrument
into a pulse generator. For a triangle wave, the result is a
ramp, and with a sine wave, a distorted waveshape called a
slewed sine is produced. The Model 4010A provides for
symmetry variation from 15% to 85%.
1. Select the waveform desired either SINE, SQUARE or
TRIANGLE.
2. Engage the DUTY CYCLE switch (14) and adjust the
DUTY CYCLE control (10) for the desired
waveshape. Clockwise rotation from center results in
an increase in square wave duty cycle, and changes the
sine and triangle waves as shown in the top waveform
of each pair of Fig. 4. Counter-clockwise rotation
results in the bottom waveform in each pair.
3. Varying the duty cycle setting results in a slight
change in frequency. Adjust the FREQUENCY
control as required.
Figure 4. Effects of Symmetry Variation.
12
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
TTL/CMOS OUTPUT
The TTL/CMOS output jack provides a fast rise time square
wave output. Either a fixed TTL or a variable CMOS output
level is available. The output is positive with respect to ground
and can be used as an external sync pulse for oscilloscopes or
as a variable frequency signal source for exercising logic
circuits. Because of the fast rise time of this output, cable
length should be minimized to limit ringing and overshoot.
1. Select the desired frequency range and adjust the frequency
controls as required. The OUTPUT LEVEL and DC
OFFSET controls have no effect on the signal at the
TTL/CMOS jack.
2. When the CMOS LEV E L switch (13) is OFF, a TT L signal
is output at the TTL/CMOS jack. Select a CMOS signal by
engaging the CMOS LE V E L switch and adjust the level of
the signal by rotating the CMOS LEVE L control (8).
VOLTAGE CONTROLLED FREQUENCY OPERATION
The Model 4010A can be operated as a voltage-controlled generator
by using an external control voltage applied to the VCG INPUT
jack. The externally applied voltage will vary the frequency which is
preselected by the range switches and the frequency controls.
Applying approximately +l0 V with the FREQUENCY control at
full clockwise decreases the output frequency by about 100 times (a
100:1 ratio).
1. . Select the desired frequency range and waveform.
2. Set the starting frequency with the FREQUENCY control.
Apply a positive DC voltage to the VCG INPUT jack (9) to
decrease the frequency. A voltage from 0 to +10 V will
cause the frequency to decrease by a factor of 100 if the
FREQUENCY control is set at maximum CW rotation.
For example, if the starting frequency is 200 kHz, applying
+10 V will change the output frequency to 2 kHz.
3. To operate the function generator as a sweep generator,
apply a positive going ramp signal to the VCG INP UT
jack. As the ramp voltage increases, the frequency
decreases. The rate of sweep can be adjusted by varying
the frequency of the ramp signal.
4. Specific frequencies can be selected by applying a fixed
dc voltage to the VCG INPUT jack or the frequencies
can be stepped by applying a stepped dc voltage.
5. Do not apply more than ±15 volts (dc or dc + ac peak)
to the VCG INPUT jack. Inputs of more than 15 volts
will not cause any further shift in the frequency and
could cause damage to the generator.
OUTPUT PROTECTION C ONS IDE R ATIO NS
Use care when connecting the function generator output to a
signal injection point. Excessive voltage at the point of signal
injection of the function generator can cause internal damage.
Under normal operation, the generator output should never be
connected to an external voltage other than low dc values that
can be matched with the DC OFFSET control. The Model
4010A is overload protected so that shorting the output, even
continuously, will not cause damage. A fuse has been added in
series with the OUTPUT jack to help protect the instrument
from damage by connection to excessive external voltage.
Damage of this type usually occurs by accidentally
connecting the output of the function generator to a voltage in
the equipment under test. The following protective mea sures are
strongly recommended:
1. The user should understand the equipment unde r test well
enough to identify valid signal injection points (i.e.: the
base of a transistor, a logic input of a gate, etc.). The
voltage at valid signal injection points is rarely high
13
enough to damage the instrument.
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS___________________________________________________________________________
2. If in doubt about the safety of a signal injection
point, measure the voltage present at the intended
point of signal injection before connecting the
function generator output to that point.
3. When applying the main output of the function
generator to a circuit point containing a dc level,
adjust the DC OFFSET control so that the dc level
at the main output matches the circuit voltage.
4. Connect the TTL output only to TTL-level circuits.
Connect the CMOS output only to CMOS circuits.
Measure the Vcc of the circuit under test and adjust
the CMOS LEVEL control as instructed in the
manual.
5. When the function generator is used by students or
other inexperienced users, the circuit of Fig. 5 could
be added into your TTL output probe or test clip
set. It will protect the TTL output of the generator
against external voltages up to ±20 volts.
FUNCTION GENERATOR APPLICATIONS GUIDEBOOK
which describes numerous applications for this instrument,
including hook-up details. It also includes a glossary of
function generator terminology and an explanation of function
generator circuit operation. It maybe downloaded for free off
our website at www.bkprecision.com.
Figure 5. Circuit for Protection of TTL Output.
B+K Precision offers a “Guidebook to Function Generators”
14
MAINTENANCE
WARNING
The following instructions are for use by qualified service
personnel only. To avoid electrical shock, do not perform
servicing other than contained in the operating instructions
unless you are qualified to do so.
Remember that ac line voltage is present on line voltage input
circuits any time the instrument is plugged into an ac outlet,
even if turned off. Always unplug the function generator before
performing service procedures.
FUSE REPLACEMENT
1. Locate the fuse holder on the input line receptacle.
2. Remove the fuse holder and replace the fuse with an
equal value fuse
INSTRUMENT REPAIR SERVICE
Because of the specialized skills and test
equipment required for instrument repair and
calibration, many customers prefer to rely upon
B+K PRECISION for this service. We maintain a
network of B+K PRECISION authorized service
agencies for this purpose. To use this service, even
if the instrument is no longer under warranty, follow
the instructions given in the WARRANTY
SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS portion of this manual.
There is a nominal charge for instruments out of
warranty.
15
Service Information
Warranty Service: Please return the product in the original packaging with proof of purchase to the address below. Clearly state in writing
the performance problem and return any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that you are using with the device.
Non-Warranty Service: Return the product in the original packaging to the address below. Clearly state in writing the performance problem
and return any leads, probes, connectors and accessories that you are using with the device. Customers not on open account must include
payment in the form of a money order or credit card. For the most current repair charges please visit
“service/repair”.
Return all merchandise to B&K Precision Corp. with pre-paid shipping. The flat-rate repair charge for Non-Warranty Service does not include
return shipping. Return shipping to locations in North American is included for Warranty Service. For overnight shipments and non-North
American shipping fees please contact B&K Precision Corp.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
Include with the returned instrument your complete return shipping address, contact name, phone number and description of
problem.
www.bkprecision.com and click on
17
Limited Two-Year Warranty
B&K Precision Corp. warrants to the original purchaser that its products and the component parts thereof, will be free from defects in
workmanship and materials for a period of two years from date of purchase.
B&K Precision Corp. will, without charge, repair or replace, at its option, defective product or component parts. Returned product must be
accompanied by proof of the purchase date in the form of a sales receipt.
To obtain warranty coverage in the U.S.A., this product must be registered by completing a warranty registration form on
www.bkprecision.com within fifteen (15) days of purchase.
Exclusions: This warranty does not apply in the event of misuse or abuse of the product or as a result of unauthorized alterations or
repairs. The warranty is void if the serial number is altered, defaced or removed.
B&K Precision Corp. shall not be liable for any consequential damages, including without limitation damages resulting from loss of use.
Some states do not allow limitations of incidental or consequential damages. So the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you.
This warranty gives you specific rights and you may have other rights, which vary from state-to-sta te.
B&K Precision Corp.
22820 Savi Ranch Parkway
Yorba Linda, CA 92887
www.bkprecision.com
714-921-9095
18
TEST INSTRUMENT SAFETY
(continued from inside front cover)
6. Some equipment with a two-wire ac power cord, including some with polarized power plugs, is the “hot chassis” type. This
includes most recent television receivers and audio equipment. A plastic or wooden cabinet insulates the chassis to protect the
customer. When the cabinet is removed for servicing, a serious shock hazard exists if the chassis is touched. Not only does this
present a dangerous shock hazard, but damag e to test instruments or the equipment under test may result from connecting the
ground lead of most test instru ments to a “hot chas sis”. To test “hot cha ssis” equipment, always connect an isolation tra nsformer
between the ac outlet and the equipment under test. The B+K Precision Model TR-110 or 1604 Isolation Transf ormer, or Model
1653 or 1655 AC Power Supply is suitable for most applications. To be on the safe side, treat all two-wire ac equipme nt as “hotchassis” unless you are sure it has an isolated chassis or an earth ground chassis.
7. On test instruments or any equipment with a 3-wire ac power plug, use only a 3-wire outlet. This is a safety feature to keep the
housing or other exposed elements at earth ground.
8. Never work alone. Someone should be nearby to render aid if necessary. Training in CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation) first
aid is highly recommended.
Test Equipment Depot - 800.517.8431 - 99 Washington Street Melrose, MA 02176
FAX 781.665.0780 - TestEquipmentDepot.com
19
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