BK Precision 1476 Service manual

@L476

10 MHz,

Dua

l-T

TRIGGERED

race

Osci

SWEEP

I loscope

@"o#6FmN

WARNING

Normal
electrical shock
present.
stop
voltages
or

AC RMS
current under certain conditions. Your
practices
away
significantly reduce the risk factor

precautions:

1.

Don't

necessary.

2. Use
insulated work surface on which to
are

3.

Use
instrument
that could

4.

Always
equipment, where one side of the
This
transformer,

60 Hz in USA), depending upon which way
only
to test instruments or the equipment under

ground
oscilloscopes and most

ground.

use of test equipment exposes

because

electrical shock

An

human heartbeats.

most

more easily

can

should be considered dangerous

that will

from

expose high voltage needlessly. Remove

an insulated floor

not

the time-proven "one hand in the

includes most recent television sets and audio

does

prevent

your

heart in

Turn

or wet. Where insulated floor surface is

damp

probe.

provide a good ground

use an

the

present

this

lead of some

testing

causing l0 milliamps

Higher

produce

contact with

case

equipment

off

material

particularly

Be

isolation transformer to

chassis

of

such equipment may be

a

dangerous

test

instruments

other test instruments with 3-wire

often be

must

vollages

a lethal current. However,

normal work

exposed high voltage, and

of accidental contact

you

if

while making

or a large, insulated

place equipment; and

careful

return

AC

shock

you

to a certain
performed

of

current

pose

an even

and hazardous

habits should include all accepted

know and observe the

housings and

test

connections

pocket" technique while handling an

to avoid

path.

power

the

hazard if the

to a "hot"

contacting

power

is

line

connected directly

equipment. Without an isolation

floating

2-wire AC

test

may

chassis. The

amount of
where exposed voltage
pass

to

through the heart will

greater

voltage

since it

with a

floor

not

available, wear

transformerless

chassis

threat

as

as low

produce

can

that

will

high

voltage. You will

following

covers

in high voltage circuits.

to stand on, and an

mat

make certain

nearby

a

"hot

at line voltage

plug

power

is touched,

result from

power plugs

is inserted.

connecting

ground

danger

because

steer

such surfaces
heavy

to the

from

such

volts

35

only when

metal

but damage

lead

DC

a lethal

current

safety

gloves.

object

chassis"

chassis.

(120

VAC,

Not

the

of

most

is an earth

is

test instruments or any equipment with a 3-wire AC

5.

On
outlet. This
ground.

possible,

If

6.
its high voltage
unexpected

7.

Also
such as on-off switches, fuses,
turned off.

8. Never work
CPR

is

a safety feature to keep the housing

familiarize

points

remember that

alone.

(cardio-pulmonary

yourself

points.

in defective equipment.

AC

Someone

resuscitation)

with the equipment being

However, remember

present

line voltage

should be

is

power

transformers, etc.,

nearby to render aid

first aid is highly recommended.

power plug,

or other

that high

some

on

even

exposed

tested

and the location

voltage

power

input

when

if

necessary.

use only a 3-wire

elements at

may appear

circuit

the

equipment

earth

of

points

Training

at

is

in

INSTRUCTION

FOR

MANUAL

B

10

MHz,

DUAL."TRACE

K.PRECISION

&

MODEL

L476

TRIGGERED

OSCILLOSGOPE

SWEEP

@BMFffiN

6460 West

Chicago, Illinois

C.ortland

60635

Street

INTRODUCTION

FEATURES
SPECIFICATIONS

TABLE

.

OF

CONTENTS

Page

4

OPERATOR'S

OPERATING

Initial Starting Procedure
Single-Trace
Calibrated Voltage Measurement
Calibrated Time Measurement

External
Z-Axis

Dual-Trace

DUAL-TRACE

Introduction
FrequencyDividerWaveforms
Dvide-by-8CircuitWaveforms
DigitalCircuitTimeRelationships
GatedRingingCircuit

DelaylineTests...'....

StereoAmplifierServicing

VideoEquipmentServicing

SINGLETRACE APPLICATIONS

Introduction

Video Equipment

Sigral Tracing
Composite
Sync
VITS
Vectorscope

CONTROIS, INDICATORS

INSTRUCTIONS

Waveform

Horizontal

lnput

Waveform

APPLICATIONS

Video

Pulse

Analysis

(Vertical

Operation

.

and

lnterval Test Sigral)

Observation

Input

Observation

Servicing
Peak-to-Peak

Waveform Analysis

(X-Y

AND FACILITIES

Operation)

Voltage Readings

.

9

9
l0
ll
t2
t2
t2

.

.. . .. 14

....l4

....14

.......14

.....l4

........16

.......16

.......17

l8
l8
l9
l9
l9

2l
23

TELEVISION ALIGNMENT

Introduction
lmportance of Sweep Aligrrment

Sweep Aligrment Methods

Tuner Alignment

IF Alignment

Chroma Alignment

26

26
27
28
29
29

TABLE OF

CONTENTS

page

FMRECEIVERALIGNMENT..

PHASE

FREQUENCYMEASUREMENT

SQUARE

CIRCUIT

MEASUREMENT

WAVE
Introduction
Testinghocedure

AnalyzingtheWaveforms....

DESCRIPTION
General
VerticalPreamplifiers
Mode

logic
VerticalAmplifier
TriggerCircuit
SyncAmplilierandlnverter
AutoSweep
HorizontalAmplifier
ChoppingOscillator
I VoltCalSignal
PowerSuppty
BlockDagram

TESTING

OF AMPLIFIERS

...

....3I

....

...... 33

........34

....34

....38

.....38

.. .. . . 38

.......38

....38

...38

......40

.....4O

......4O

........40

.....4O

....50

3l

33

I',IAINTENANCE

WARRANTY

WARRANTY

OPTIONALACCESSORIES...

AND

CALIBRATION....

INSTRUCTIONS

........

........ 43

.....44

.....

40

43

The B & K-Precision
loscope
observing
Dual vertical
of
waveforms
simultaneous
permits
rate waveforrns.

is a laboratory-quality,

and measuring

inputs

waveforms.

two

are

chopped

viewing.

simultaneous

DUAL TRACE

FULLY

SOLID STATE

TRIGGERED

SWEEP

LARGE

SCREEN

CALIBRATED

VOLTAGE SCALES

CALIBRATED

SWEEP SPEED

WIDE BANDWIDTH

INTRODUCTION

Dual-Trace

Model

waveforms in electronic

provided

are

Low-frequency, low repetition rate

at a 200

Alternate sweep

viewing of high-speed, high repetition-

1476

professional

for

kHz rate to

instrument

simultaneous viewing

of

the two inputs

Oscil-

circuits.

provide

for

for

FEATURES

input waveforms can be

Two
viewed

taneously, as

Only

filament. All
transistors,

e ffect transistors) and

The 1476's

pres€ntations is beyond
son
oscilloscopes.
at rest
being
they

Fully
allows
waveforms
ing.

synchronized

trigger.

The 130 mm

diameter cathode
easy-to-read

8 x l0 cm
area.

Accurate measurement of the
stantaneous

ferent attenuator
Channel A and Channel B.

Accurate time

l8

DC to

nSEC rise time assure distortion-

free,

at

either

the cathode

with non-triggered

until

observed,

are

adjustable

the desired

Waveforms can

different ranges.

l0

high

high frequencies.

singly

desired.

ray tube uses

other

diodes, FET's

stability

sweeps

The

triggered by

to assure

always synchronized.

trigger

portign

to be used

to an

(approx.

ray tube

presentation

rectangular viewing

voltaees on I I

ranges for

measurements

MHz bandwidth

resolution

or

simul-

stages

of waveform

for trigger-

external sync

5.1 inches)

presentation

use

(field

IC's.

compari-

sweeP

remain

the

signal

that

threshold

of the

be

also

gives

on an

ln-

dif-

both

on

35

and

dual-trace

The
width, wide range of sweep speeds, and
provided,
of
electronic equipment, research and
laboratory instruction.

make this the ideal oscilloscope

applications,

EXPANDED

SCALE

a

HIGH

SENSITIVITY

VIDEO

SYNC

VECTORSCOPE

CALIBRATION

SOURCE

Z-AXIS

INPUT

feature,

including troubleshooting and

together

A five time rtragrification
the horizontal sweep allows close­up
the
magnification
mum

gSEC/cm.
Permits

impedance, l0: I

probes
measurements, thus assuring less
circuit

A

built-in sync separator circuit
included
television
VIDEO

are automatically selected at sweep

times of 0.5 SEC/cm to 0.

mSEC/cm for viewing

frames. Horizontal sync

automatically
times of 50
for viewing television lines.

The unit may be used as a vector-

scope to

exactly
vision manufacturers.

A

built-in calibrated I volt
t o -peak square wave
checking and
vertical
tional

Intensity modulation
cluded for time or frequency
kers.

brightness increases in
state, decreases in logic

with the l0

development, and

examination of
waveform. In

provides

sweep speed

the low-capacitance, high-

to be used for

loading.

specifically

signals.

SYNC,

selected at sweep

pSEC/cm

provide

as speciiied by color tele-

recalibration of the

amplifiers

equipment.

Compatible

MHz

high

sensitivrt)

for

a broad

portion

a

addition,

attenuation
virtually

for viewing

When

verticai

sync

I

to

a color display

without

capability

with

TTL logic;

logic high

low state.

band­range

repairing

(5X)

of
of

the 5X

a maxi-

of

0.2

all

is

using

pulses

television

pulses

are

pSEC/cm

peak-

permits

addi-

in-

mar-

1

WIDE

RANGE OF

SWEEP SPEEDS

Sweep speed
to 0.5 SEC/cm
speed
forms from DC

range of

necessary for

to l0

pSEC/cm

1

provides

viewing

MHz.

every

wave-

MECHANICAL

FEATURES

Carrying
molded fingergrip also doubles as tilt

stand. Locking detent each

allows adjustment of
Rear feet
face-up
wrap for
bezel over face of
dard oscilloscope camera for making

waveform

handle with comfortable

22-l/2"

support

position

and double as

power

storing

photographs.

viewing

oscilloscope in

CRT

angle.

Slotted

cord.

mounts stan-

cord

SPECIFICATIONS

VERTICAL AMPLIFIERS

Deflection

Calibration

Frequency

Risetime
Overshoot

Ringing

Input
Input Capacity
Max.

Operating

Chop Frequency
Channel Separation

Factor

Accuracy

Response

Resistance

Voltage

Input

Modes

0.01
calibrated

quence.
!
DC: DC to l0 MHz

AC:2Hz to l0
35 nanoseconds.
3%

display.
3% or less

display.

I megohm, t 57o.
22

300
p'p.

Channel
Channel B
Dual-trace automatically

at
slower; alternate trace
cally selected
times.

2OOkHz(t2Vo).

Better than 60 dB

(CH

A and CH

V/cm to

Variable

5%

on all ranges.

or less at I @ kHz

(t3

pF

(DC +

V

A only.

all sweep times of I mSicm

B)

V/cm in I I

20

ranges

at

pF).

only.

in l-2-5 se-

between

dB)

G3

(-3

MHz

100 kHz squarewave

AC

for

@ |

dB).

squarewave

peak)

or 600

chopped

automati-

all faster sweep

kHz.

ranges.

V

and

Video Sync

HORIZONTAL

B Input)

CH
Deflection
Frequency
Input Resistance I
Input Capacity

Maximum

Voltage

X-Y Operation With

Factor .01

Response

Input 300

Vertical and
circuit
composite
chronized and
LINE
sync switched automatically
SWEEP
FRAME 0.5 SEC/cm
mSEC/cm
LINE
(horizontal

AMPUFIER

DC

22

p-p.

CH B
becomes
the
input
tion
tal

horizontal

provided

(horiz.)

:

(Horizontal

V/cm to 20 V/cm.

to I MHz ( - 3 dB).

megohm

pF

V

SWEEP

CH

(horizontal).

control

position

so that any

video waveform can be

expanded

and

TIME/CM switch.

(vertical

50

sync

(t3

(DC

position,

the
B input

sync

pSEC/cm

pulses).

(nominal).

pF).

+

AC

TIMEICM

the CH A input

Y

input

becomes the horizon-

control.

sync s€parator

portion

syn-

viewing.

for

FRAME

to

lnput through

peak)

(vertical)

becomes

The CH B

(vert.)

to 0.1

pulses).

pSEC/cm

I

or 600

switch in

the

posi-

and

of

by

V

X

SWEEP CIRCUITS

Sweep System

Sweep Time

Sweep Time Accuracy

Magnification

Sweep

Horizontal Linearity

TRIGGERING

Source

Slope

Triggering

Range

(Common

to CH A and CH B)

Triggered and automatic. In
matic mode,
without

I
calibrated
quence.

+
Obtained by enlarging the

sweep
mum

gSEC/cm.

3% or

INT
sensitivity). MODE
sourceofinternaltrigger;
signal is the
the
the

source in the
Positive

ly

AUTO.
INT: 20 Hz

EXT:

input

sigral.

pSEC/cm

<q^

CH A and DUAL

CH B signal

variable

to 0.5

ranges,

Variable

5 times from

speed becomes

sweep

less

distortion.

and EXT

triggering

CH B mode.

and negative,

level

to l0 MHz
deflection
cathode ray
DC to l0

is obtained

sweep

SEC/cm in 18

in l-2-5

between ranges.

center.

(l

V

switch selects

the CH A

source in

modes,

is the triggering

continuous-

control;

as

tube).

MHz.

pull

(min.

measured

auto-

se-

above

Maxi-

0.2

p-p

and

for

I cm

on

CALIBRATION

INTENSITY MODULATION

Voltage

Input Resistance

POWER

Input

PROBES

Model
Attenuation
Input

Connector
Tip

REQUIREMENTS

No.

lmpedances

VOLTACE

I

frequency.

TTL logic-compatible,
increases
decreases

l0 kO

120
20
approved for oscilloscopes.)

Fig.

PR-31,

Combination

l0:l = l0 megohms,
Direct

BNC

Spring-loaded,

p-p

V

square

brightness;
brightness.

(nominal).

or 240 V AC,

(3-wire

watts.

51.

PR-35, PR-36,

=

I megohm,

(t

wave

high logic

low

tlo7o,

line

cord, CSA-

PR-37.

l0: I

and direct.

18

120

hook-on tip.

5%)

at

logic

5O/6O Hz,

pF.

pF.

line

-

-

See

Fig.

|. Front panel

controls

7
I

9

r0

12

and indicators.

OPERATOR'S

Cathode

l.

the
Scale. The

2.

marks
rneasurements.

Pilot Lamp.

3.

4.

SWEEP
selector. Selects calibrated sweep

(microsecond per

steps. In
internal sweep

provide

CAL

5.

peak-to-peak

cy.
attenuators.

< >

6.
position
dual
cation
when

7

TRIGGERING LEVEL Control. Sync level adjustment
determines
starts;

(+)

switch selects automatic

(PULL

generated
EXT TRIG Jack.

E.

signal.

SYNC

9.

following

SLOPE.
waveforms except television composite

(+)

(-)

VIDEO. In
television composite

10.

SOURCE
sweep.

INT Sweep is triggered by

Ray Tube

waveforms

for voltage

Lights

TIME/CM Switch.

the CH B

horizontal sweep.

|.-P Terminal. Provides

This is

POSITION

equals most

sweep; the vertical sync
selected
and horizontal sync
selected

(+)
(-)

EXT Sweep is triggered by an external signal applied

used

of traces

trace mode).

when

pushed

points

(-)

equals

AUTO).

even without an input signal.

Switch. Four-position

positions.

The SLOPE

Sweep is triggered
waveform.

Sweep
waveform.

lor

for sweep
Sweep is triggered on
Sweep is triggered

Switch. Selects

switch is in CH A or
Sweep is triggered by Channel

MODE

at the

(CRT).

viewed.

are

8 x

l0 cm

when oscilloscope is tumed on.

centimeter)

generator

wave input

square

for

Control. Rotatitin adiusts horizontal

(both

Push-pull

pulled

in.

on

most

positive point

When automatic

Input

is triggered on

VIDEO

the

sweep times

times

switch is in CH B

EXT TRIG

This is

graticule

(vertical)

position,

calibration

out

waveform

negative

positions

video signal are used to trigger the

pulses

and time

Horizontal

this switch disables

permits

and

signal at the

of the vertical amplifier

traces

switch

(PULL

triggering

terminals for external trigger

positive-going

on

negative-going slope of

positions,

(frame)

pulses

of

0.5 SEC/cm
(line)

pSEC/cm

of 50

positive-going

on negative-going

triggering source

CH A sigrral

DUAL

jack

8.

CONTROLS.

the

screen

provides

times of I

to

0.5 SEC/cm

when

selects 5X magrifi-

5X MAG): normal

slope

point

of triggering.

triggering,

lever switch

used

are

the sync

position.

position.

calibration

(horizontal)

sweep time

pSEC/cm

the CH B input to

calibrated

line frequen-

operated in the

where

of triggering

when pulled

a sweep

for

viewing all

video sigtals.

pulses

are automatically

to 0. I mSEC/cm,

are automatically

prSEC/cm.

to 1

sync

sync

when MODE

B

sigral

which

on

in

l8

the

I volt

sweep

and

Push-pull

out

is

with the

of

slope

of

pulse.
pulse.

for the

when

INDICATORS

Channel

ll.

ment
adjustment
CH

Channel B

12.

adjustment

13.

Channel
B. Jack
SWEEP

Ctrannel B DC-GNDAC Switch.

14.

DC Direct input of AC and DC

GND Opens sigral

AC

Channel B.

15.

Channel B.
from
horizontal sensitivity
switch

MODE

16.

basic

CH A Only

DUAL Dual-trace operation; both

CH B Only the input signal to Channel B is

17. Channel
Channel A.
from

18. Channel A DC-GNDAC

DC Direct input of AC and DC component of input

a

GND Opens sigrral

AC Blocks DC

19. Channel A
A.

l). Channel

adjustment for

21. Channel A POSITION
justment

FOCUS

22.

INTENSITY

23.

brightness

FOWER

24.

FACILITIES

AND

POSITION Control.

B

for Channel
position.

B

B INPUT

becomes external

TIME/CM switch 4 is

signal.

amplifier.
the
when

Blocks

to

.01

4 is in the CH B

Switch. Three-position lever switch;

operating modes of

played

Channel B input signals are
separate

played

A VOLTS/CM

to 20 volts

.01

sigral.

amplifier. This

the

when

A DC BAL

for

Control.

Switch. Turns

B trace. Becomes

when SWEEP

DC BAL Adjustment.
for

Channel B

Jack. Vertical input

path

provides a zero-signal

This

position

VOLTS/CM
Vertical

Vertical

position

INPUT Jack. Vertical inputjack ofChannel

of trace.

ofwhich can

performing

DC component

sensitivity

20 volts

position.

the

input signal

as a single

traces.

as a single trace.

sensitivity
per

path

provides

which

of

performing

component of input signal.

Adjustment. Vertical

Channel A trace.

Channel A trace.

Control.

Vertical

TIME/CM switch

Vertical

trace.

horizontal

in the CH B

component

grounds

and

DC measurements.

Switch.

per

when the

the

Switch.

cm.
Switch.

and

DC

Control.

Clockwise

unit on and

be used as a

of input

Vertical

is calibrated

This

cm.

oscilloscope.

to Channel A is dis-

trace.

Vertical

is

calibrated

grounds

a zero-sigral base line,

can be

measurements.

Vertical position

rotation increases

position

horizontal

jack

input to vertical

signal.

control

SWEEP

the Channel A and

displayed on two

input to vertical

used

off.

adjust-

position

in the

4 is

Balance

DC

of Channel

input when

position.

of input

line,

base

reference

attenuator

in I I steps

attenuator

in I I steps,

as a reference

DC balance

for

adjusts

TIME/CM

selects the

dis-

for

ad-

the

VARIABLE

25.

the extreme
is calibrated.

VARIABLE

CH B

26.

adiustment.
In-the extreme
attenrator

CH A VARIABLE

n.

adjustment.
In-the extreme
attenuator

Control.

Fine sweep

clockwise

Control.

Fine control

clockwise

is calibrated.

Control.

control

Fine

clockwise

is calibrated.

of

(CAL),

B

CH

B vertical

CH

position

(CAL) position,

A

CH

A

of CH

(CAL)

time adjustment.

the sweep

vertical

attenuator

In

time

sensitivity'

vertical

the

vertical

attenuator

vertical sensitivity-

position, the vertical

29.

Line Cord

AC
loscopes.

(See

Probe

30.

combination
for

use
designed
input impedance
capable

Vector Overlay

31.
for

of operation

vectorscope

(See

Fig. 3).

l0: l/Direct

with this

for use with

of

(Not

operation.

Fig. 2). CSA-approved

The B & K-Precision

probes

oscilloscope.

an oscilloscope

I megohm

up to 10

Shorvn).

have been

However,

having a nominal

shunted by

MHz, can be

Interchanges with

for oscil-

ModelPR-31

designed

probe

any

pF

35

and

used.

scale

INT MOD

28.

Jack. Intensity

modulation

DC BALANCE CONTROL

(One

on each

1.

side

PULL

)

APART

(Z'axis) input.

Fig.

2. Rear

CRT

ADJUSTMENT

COMBINATION
AND

CORD

and side

panel

facilities.

ROTATION

FEET

WRAP

2829

t-r,_tfj1-

--

2. ROTATE 180"

PUSH

3.

1O:1

ATTENUATION

BACK

TOGETHER

Fig.

3.

PROEE

hobe

P ROBE

COMPENSATION

(PR-31

)

probe

Adlust

square wave display while observing

from

signal

COMPENSATION ADJUSTMENT

ADJUSTMENT

compensation

cal J1 1V

details.

p-p

for

ACK.

(PR-35)

best

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

INITIAL STARTING PROCEDURE

i Set PO\l ER switch 24 to OFF

l. Connect

3. Set
control
their ranges.

PUII

4.
position.

5. Set
DC-GND-AC

6. Set MODE
single-trace operation
trace operation.

7. Tum on oscilloscope
ON

8. Wait

warm
mode)

9. If
INTENSITY
observed.

10. Adjust FOCUS
for

I 1. Readjust

center the

12. Check for

and 20
CALIBRATION
ments

The oscilloscope

measurements.

power

cord 29 to a I

CH A

position.

no trace appears, increase

the

POSITION

I I

and<>POSITION

TRIGGERING

CH A DC-GND-AC

switch
switch 16

Pilot lamp 3 will light.

few

a

seconds for

up. A trace

should

thinnest,

position

traces.

as described in the MAINTENANCE

require

(two

appear on the face of

control 23

control 22and INTENSITY

sharpest trace.

controls 6,21 andl I if necessary,

proper

portion

checking

is now ready

LEVEL

14

or the DUAL

by turning

adjustment of

l7-volt,

control

control 6

control 7 to

switch 18

to the

GND

to the CH A position

the cathode ray

traces

if operating

(clockwise)

until the trace

of this

periodically.

only

position.

50160 Hz outlet.

21,

CH B

to the centers of

and CH B

positions.

position

POWER

DC

manual. These

for making

switch

tube

in the DUAL

the CRT.

the

BAL controls 12

POSITION

the AUTO

for

for dual-

to

24

(CRT)

to

setting of

is easilv

control23

to

AND

adjust-

waveform

the l0:l
capacitance
impedance
when

J.

SetCH
only the AC
most measurements
being measured
the
and the DC reference,
frequency
The GND
ground
readings.

4.

Connect
equipment
the
measured.

a. If

b. The

5.

Set CH A VOLTS/CM

gives
vertical deflection.
probably
concemed
speed,

desired
duces

jicient

position

in the DIRect
(low-capacity

possible,

A

DC

point

the
less AC
former to prevent

measurement
when

2 to

which presents

at least I

tigger signal

to decrease circuit loading.

DC-GND-AC

component

position

reference

ground

number

includes a large DC

for measuring

waveform

position

clip

under

in the

peak-to-peak

using the DIRect

be

test. Connect

circuit

equipment

powered

(two

6

cm

unsynchronized.

with

adjusting synchronization
of waveforms.

cm vertical

and I megohm with

is required only when

is required, such

WARNING

should not exceed

to synchronize

position.

position)

switch

and

(below

of

under test is a transformer-

item, use

dangerous electrical

to six large

The

l8 to

(this

the

is

must

be used if the

both the

any

and

Hz)

5

probe to

where the waveform

voltage at the

switch 17

display on the

a

chassis

the

an

position

The remaining

stable display

Any signal

deflection

l20pF shunt

The higher input

should

AC for measuring

normal

component). Use

AC component

time a very low

is

to be observed.

as for DC voltage

ground

tip of the

isolation

point

600 volts

of the

position

to

a

squares on the scale)

develops suf-

the

sweep.

be used

position

a zero-signal

shock.

probe.

screen will

and

showing

point

of the

probe

is

to be

trans-

of

that

steps are

sweep

pro-

that

for

to

the

Never

allow
remain
few

seconds.
burned. Reduce
motion

SINGI,E-TRACE

Either

single-trace

following

the

Perform

l.

with

the
connect the
The following

B & K-Precision Model PR-3
For

2.

all except low-amplitude

are set for

(below

forms
DIRect.

DIRect, or

to
input

impedance

a small spot of

stationary on the

The screen mav

by

Channel A or Channel

operation. For simplicity,

instructions.

the

MODE

See Fig. 3

intensity

causing it to

WAYEFORM

steps

switch

probe

instructions assume

l0: I attenuation. For low-amplitude

volt

0.5
vice

with

CAUTION

high brilliance

screen for

become

-or

sweep.

OBSERVATION

of

the "Initial Starting Procedure"

16 in

the

to the CH A

cable

i combination

peak-to-peak),

for

changing

versa.

only l8

The

probe

more
permanentlv

keep

ihe

spot

B

can be used for

Channel A

CH A position.

INPUT

the

waveforms,

set the

the probes

has

shunt

capacitance

a l0 megohm

pF

than a

is used in

jack

use of the

probes.

the

probe

from

to

iir

Then

19.

probes

wave-

for

l0:l

in

6.

Set SOURCE
provides
observed

waveforms

external

an

switch

cable should
to the external

Set SYNC switch 9 to the

for observing
to
all

the

the
negative-going

unknown, the

8.

Readjust TRIGGERING

synchronized

the

that will
in the

disappear
sweep,

amplitude waveforms.

should

the SLOPE

other

sweep is to

(-)

control may

such

switch l0 to

internal

is

should

types

position

produce

center

if there

sync

also used to

be viewed

sync

placed

be

be connected from

sync source.

television

(+)

or SLOPE

of waveforms. Use

be triggered

if the

wave.

SLOPE

display

be

a sweep,

portion

when

as

INT

the

that the waveform

so

trigger the

source is required,

without

pushed

is inadequate

using internal

in the EXT position

the EXT

VIDEO(+)

composite

by a

sweep is to

If the type

(+)

position

LEVEL control

which

of

measuring

If no sweep

video

(-) positions

the

positive-going

be triggered

may be used.

jitter.

in and rotated

its

As a

is usually

range.

signal

DC or

or

of waveform

can be obtained,

position.

sweep. Most

sync. When

the

SOURCE

and

jack

TRIG

(-)

positions

waveforms

for

observing

(+)

position_if

wave,

7 to obtain

starting

The trace

to trigger

extremely

point,

to

any

somewhere

This

being

or

or

by

is

point

will

the

low

a

8

a

a

pull

the

control

out

(PULL

AUTO) for

triggering.
Set SWEEP

9.
of waveforms. This

portion

a
progressively

is

This

because the

repetition rate

TIME/CM switch 4

control may be set for viewing

of a waveform,

dimmer as a smaller

sweep speed

does not change.

for

the desired

the

but

portion

increases

trace becomes

but the sweep

NOTE

When

using very

rates, the operator

fast

sweep speed

may

low repetition

at

wish to operate

intensity control toward maximum. Under

conditions, a

extreme left of the

retrace "pip"

This does

trace.

may appear at the

not in any way

affect the oscilloscope operation and may be

disregarded.

10. After

obtaining

9,

step

it is sometimes desirable to make a final

adjustment

(-)

The
waveform
(+)

direction

at

direction selects

the desired number of waveforms,

of

the TRIGGERING LEVEL

which

the most negative

selects

sweep triggering will occur

positive point

most

the

automatic

number

is

displayed.

with the

these

control 7.

point

and the

only

as in

on the

on the

waveform
control
desired

I l. For

outward

a close-up view of a portion

which

at

may

be adjusted to start the

portion

of the waveform.

on the<)POSITION
the sweep by a factor
displays only

portion

a
control clockwise,
center, turn the

on the

control to return the

non-magnified

CALIBRATED

Peak voltages, peak-to-peak

-

voltages
easily
Dual-Trace

of a specific portion

and

accurately

Triggered

Adjust

l.

controls

waveform to

2. Set

CH A

vertical

deflection

center

the

the

to

left

and to

control

condition.

VOLTAGE

Sweep

previously

as

be measured.

VOLTS/CM

limits of the vertical

sweep triggering

of the

will occur.

sweep on

waveform,

The

any

pull

control 6. This expands

(5X

of five

partion

magrification)

of

the

sweep. To view

and

of center, turn the<>POSITION

portion

view

counterclockwise.

sweep to

MEASLJR-EMENT (See

voltages,

of the

measured

complex

on the

to

the right of

Push

inward

the normal,

Fig. a)

DC voltages

waveform
Model

1476

and

Oscilloscope.

instructed

switch 17 for

possible

without exceeding

to

display the

the maximum

scale.

are

the

POSITI

ON CONTROL ADJUSTE
SO THAT
FORM
A HORIZONTAL

BOTTOM OF

ALIGNS

EXACTLY

REFERENCE

EXAMPLE:

VERTICAL

PROBE

PEAK-TO-PEAK

.} POSITION

TOP OF WAVEFORM

VERTICALSCALE MARKER
AND

WAVE-

DEF

VOLTAGE/CM

ATTENUATION

WAVEFORM

CONTROL ADJUSTED

EASE

WITH

LECTI ON

.O2Y x

D

LINE

4.2

READING

OF

4.2cm
.O2

.084V

0.84V

CROSSES

v

10

SO THAT

CENTER OF

FOR ACCURACY

qTo1"t

t

VOLTS/cm

SET

.o2v

PROBE

TO

10:1

ATTENUATION

l0

Fig.

4.

Typical

voltage measurement.

vertical

Read the amount

3.
the s;ale. The
rea.ltusted
:erJrng
::.r'
reierence
G\D
deflected
The
and

4. Calculate

ri desired.

CH A

with the

position,

when the switch

trace deflects upward

downward

the voltage

vertical deflection

setting

(see

l7

ro

of

CH A

the reference

shift

When measuring a DC voltage, adjust

POSITION

CH A DC-GND-AC

then note

for a negative voltage input.

(in

example

voltage reading displayed

l/l0th the actual

probe

is

set

displayed

when

voltage being measured

for l0: I attenuation.

probe

the

ment,

5. Calibration

accuracy
occasionally checked by
peak

square

jack

5. This calibrated
peak-to-peak.

volt
dicated, see the

wave

signal

If a

"MAINTENANCE AND

TION" section of the manual

deflection

POSITION control

point

for easier scale

control 2l

to

switch

the amount the

placed

is

for a

in the

positive

reading as follows:

VOLTS/CM control

by the

cm)

in Fig.4) Don't

on the

forget that the

oscilloscope is only

(in

a convenient

DC

voltage

Multiply the

from

cm)

2l may be

l8

in the

trace is

position.

input

when the

voltage is

measure-

is set

The actual

for

DIRect

of this oscilloscope may be

observing

available at

the I volt

the CAL lV

peak-to-

P-P

source should read exactly I

need for recalibration

is in-

CALIBRA-

for

complete

procedures.

MEASUREMENT

CALIBRATED

Pulse width,

waveform time

other
measured on
ments

from
possible.
visible at one time.
moving
the beginning and

TIME

waveform

this oscilloscope.

second

.5

At low sweep speeds,

However,

from left to right

ending

to spot.

Adjust

l.

controls

display of

2. Set the SWEEP
possible

display

as

the desired

TIME/CM control

of the

measured, usually one

3. If necessary, readjust
trol 7 for the most

Read the

4.
between the
control 6
measurement

amount of

points

may

be readjusted

points

easier reading.

5. Calculate the

time duration

(See

Fig. 5)

periods,

durations

down

across

points

previously described

circuit delays
easily and accurately

are
Calibrated
to 0.1

entire

the

the bright

tinp rneasure'

microsecond are

waveform is not

spot

the screen, which

the measurement easy

of

can

for

waveform.

4 for

the

waveform

segment

cycle.
the TRIGGERING

display.

stable

horizontal

of measurement.

to aligrr

LEVEL con-

deflection

ThecPOSITION

one of the

with a vertical scale marker

follows: Multiply

as

and all

seen

be

makes

stable

a

largest

to be

(in

cm)

for

the

<)

POSITION
THAT

FORM
REFERENCE LINE. EDGE
MAY NOT BE VISIBLE ON
FAST PULSES; IN
ALIGN
BEGINS.

POSITION

THATTRAILING EDGE

CROSSES HORIZONTAL
FOR ACCURACY

EXAMPLE:
HORIZONTAL

c.

CONTROL

LEADING EDGE OF WAVE-

ALIGNS

WHEREVER WAVEFORM

CONTROL

SWEEP

TIME

PEBIOD)

OF WAVEFORM

ADJUSTED

WITH l. r ERTICAL

THIS CASE

ADJUSTED

AND EASE

DEFLECTION

TIME/CM

DURATION

SO

VERY

OF WAVEFORM

SCALE

SO

MARKER

READING

OF

=

6.35cm

1 OpSEC

­=

63.SpSEC

HORIZONTAL

DEF LECTI ON

O.JJ

cm

f

ol-ol"t

SWEEP TIME/CM

'l0l,l

set to

SLOPE

tto start syveep

negativejoing

INT

sec

set to

edgel

Q
on

FREouENCY -

=:-

IIME

=

.0000635 sEc

15,750 Hz

Fig.

5.

Typical time

DISPLAYS
RECEIVER
HORIZONTAL

measurement.

SHOW TYPICAL TELEVISION

WAVEFORM AT GRID

OUTPUT TUBE

OF

ll

horizontal

deflection
switch 4 setting
when the
divided

5X magnification is used, the result must be

by 5 to obtain the actual time duration.

6. Time measurements
especially
started
waveform

true when measuring delays. The

by a

measured in a subsequent
measurement
and the

subsequent

(in

(see

example in Fig. 5).

often

sync sigral

of the

display

waveform.

cm) by the SWEEP TIME/CM

require external

from

one

circuit. This allows

between the

perform

To

urements using external sync, use the following
a. Set the
b. Connect a

source

c. Set the SYNC

position

d. Readjust

necessary for

e.

If measuring
start of the

7. Another excellent method for
with

dual-trace operation. The

SOURCE switch l0 to the EXT

from the EXT TRIG

cable

of sync sigral. Use a

switch

for

proper polarity

the

short shielded cable.

9 to the

SLOPE

for the

the TRIGGERING LEVEL

a stable

a delay,

sweep

waveform.

measure

to the

the

start of the waveform.

measuring

procedures
the "DUAL-TRACE APPLICATIONS"
manual,

EXTERNAL HORTZONTAL

For some measurements,

tion sigral is required.
measurement,
tion

and the X input
horizontal
phase

measurement,

where the Y

input may be a sinusoidal wave,

input must be 10 mV

voltage of

any
satisfactory operation. To

the following

use

This is also referred to

provides

or an external sweep

per

cm

mV or

100

use an external horizontal

procedure:

1. Set the SWEEP TIME/CM
the CH B

2. Use
Channel B

3. Adjust the
CH B VOLTS/CM

position.

the Channel A

probe

for

amount of horizontal

probe

the horizontal input.

control 15.

4. The CH B POSITION

horizontal

control

position

is disabled.

control, and the

input

control I I

INPUT

extemal

an

provides

horizontal

of

deflection or
greater

switch

for

the vertical

(X-y

OPERATTON)

horizontal

is sufficient for

4 fully

deflection with the

now serves

NOTE

Do NOT

X-Y operation.

to adjust

5. All

Z.NilS

.The

modulated
rygks 99

INT MOD
oscilloscope will govide
of the trace.

horizontal

sync

controls

INPUT

trace

(Z-aas

required.

(intensity

See Fig.

use

the

Use

displayed

input) where
A TTL

modulation)

6.

PULL

5X MAG

the

CH B VOLTS/CM

gain.

are disconnected

on the

screen

frequency-

compatible

allernate

sigrral

j

ack 24 on

brightness

control durine

and have

may

t2

Remember,

sync. This

sweep is

circuit and the

pulse

sync
such meas-

steps:

position.

jack

8 to the

(+)

(-)

or

sync signal.

control 7 if

from

time

the

time delays is

given

are

in

section of the

deflec-

as an X-Y

vertical

deflection.

such

deflec-

The

for

as

voltage. This

greater;

thus

input,

clockwise

to

input and the

the

as

POSITION

<>

controT

no effect.

be intensity

or

time-scall

applied

th-e-rear

and

at the

of

the

blanking

is

f

\

l

t

Fig.

6.

Oscilloscope

DUALTRACE
(Refer

to Fig.

In observing
and B,
frequency
the

other although
An example
mulliplier.
on Channel
of

this reference

In

this way,
synchronized,
with

the Channel

phase

or frequency
simultaneously,
both

waveforms

To display

tion,

use the following procedure:

Perform

l.

2.

Connect
and CH B IMUT

If

the recommended

3.

WAVEFORM

7)
simultaneous

it is necessary

or

that one

the basic frequencies

of this

The

A, for

is in

reference,

example,

frequency

when the

thq

display

A

display.

relationship

it will

in

sync for

two waveforms

the

steps of

oscilloscope probe

jacks

oscilloscope probes

should
peak-to-peak
forms
for

be used

except for

or

less. For

the DIRect position

changing the

probe
Whenever possible,
capacity l0: I

4. Set MODE
traces should

5.

Adjust

place

to
trace,

and

mark

on the

6.

Set both
and 14 to
most

measurements

being measured

position

switch 16

appear on

CH

A

and CH B POSITION

the

Channel

adjust

both

scale.

the

CH A

the

position.

AC

include

't

t

I

t

\

trace with Z-axis

OBSERVATION

waveforms

that

the waveforms

of the

waveforms

checking a frequency

or

"clock" frequency

and the

will

be displayed

waveform

on Channel

If two waveforms

to

be difficult if

any useful

simultaneously

the "Initial

19

and 13.

B

& K-Precision

are used,

the lower

should be

from

use the

to minimize

to the DUAL

the

screen

A

trace

traces to

and CH B

This is the

and must

a large

t

\

I

t

t

input.

on

be

be

synchronized

may

be different.

can be used

multiple

or

submultiple

on

display

each

of Channel

B will

other

also be in

are displayed

not impossible

observation.

for

Starting Procedure."

cables

to both

Model PR-31

10 :

waveforms

I attenuation

of

amplitude

used.

l0:l

to DIR

high

or vice

impedance,

circuit

loading.

position.

controls
above the
a convenient

DC-GND-AC

switches

position

be used

DC

if

component.

channels

related

divider

ChanneiB.

A

sync

having

no

tb lirck

observa-

the

CH A

0.5 volt
wave-

See Fig.

veisa.

low

Two

2l and

ll

Channel

reference

l8

for

used

points

the

A

in

to
or

is

3

B

gound

Connect
g:ound

-.i
*aveiorms

*aveform will

the

the equipment

of

probes

the

are to be measured. The sipal to which the

be synchronized

Channel A input

to

for

of the

clips

under

points

in the

intemal sync operation.

WARNING

the equipment under test is a transformer-

a. If

less AC unit. use an isolation transformer to

prevent

b. The

dangerous

peak-to-peak

measurement should not

probe

the

R

Set the VOLTS/CM controls

B to

and

deflection.

is

position

a

The displays on the screen will

unsynchronized. The

those outlined for single-trace operation, describe

to

procedure

the

electrical shock.

voltage at the

in the DIR

used

that

remaining steps,

for

obtaining

exceed

l5

gives

displays.

Set the SOURCE switch

9.
provides

internal sync so that

l0 to

the Channel A waveform
being observed is also used to
in dual-trace operation, a sync source

point

measurement

set the SOURCE switch to the EXT

case
position

to

8

the sync source.

the SYNC switch

Set

10.

positions
waveforms, or
positions

and connect a cable

for observing

for observing

for Channel A is required. In this

from the EXT TRIG

9 to the VIDEO(+) or

te.-vrsion composite video

to the SLOPE

other types

all

probes

to the

test.

Connect

circuit

must

be applied to

600

the tips

where the

point

volts.

chassis

of

position.

17 for

and

Channels A

2 to 3 cm vertical

probably

although similar

stable,

the

synchronized

position.

INT

trigger the sweep.

other

than the

(external)

(+)

or SLOPE

waveforms.

of

the

if

be

This

Often

jack

(-)

(-)

(+)

Use

the

positive-going

a
sweep

I l.

Adjust
stable, synchronized sweep.
control

produce

will
the

center

if there is inadequate signal

when measuring

as

no sweep can be obtained,

positions

if the sweep is

wave, or to the

is

triggered by a negative-going

to be

TRIGGERING LEVEL
may be

pushed

a sweep,

portion

in and

which is usually somewhere

of its range. The

extremely low amplitude signals. If

(-)

control 7

As a

rotated to

trace will disappear

to

trigger

pull

out the control

AUTO) for automatic triggering.

t2.

Set SWEEP
of waveforms. This

portion

a
progessively

13.

After obtaining the desired number of

TIME/CM

switch

control

of a waveform, but the trace becomes

dimnrer

a smaller

as

step 12, it is sometimes

for the

4

may be set

portion

desirable to make a final

adjustment of the TRIGGERING

(-)

The

point
will occur

positive point
triggering will occur. The
start the sweep

direction of rotation selects

on the sync waveform at

and

on

the

the sync

direction selects the most

waveform

(+)

control

on

any desired

which

may be

portion

waveform.

The obsewed waveforms of

14.

expanded

be

on the <>POSITION

rotated

be
left

desired.

right extremes of

and

Push

by a factor of 5 by

control

clockwise or counterclockwise

inward on the control to retum the

Channels A and B can

This control can then

6.
waveform

the

sweep to the normal, non-magrrified condition.
Calibrated voltage measurements,

15.

calibrated

urements and operation with Z-axis

to be triggered

position

if the

wave.

to obtain a

any

the

point,

point

sweep,

that

such

starting

(PULL

desired number

for

viewing

only

is displayed.

waveforms

LEVEL

the

most

sweep

which

at

as

control 7.

negative

triggering

sweep

adjusted

of the sync

pulling

outward

to

view the

displays as

time meas-

input are identical

by

the

in

in

to

""o

A. REFERENCE FREOUENCY

a",

B.

PULSES PER

.(1OOO

LEADING
VISIBLE

DIVIDE
LEADING

.BY .TWO

SECOND)

EDGES MAY NOT BE

AT FAST SWEEP

EDGE

OUTPUT

REFERENCE PULSE

OF

I l*ra

."t

l

DIVIDE

C.

TRAILING

.BY .TWO

EDGE

OF

OUTPUT SYNCHRONIZED

REFERENCE

CHANNEL A
WAVEFORM

filii,t?3Hfi

PULSE

TRAIN

RATES

SYNCHRONIZED

PULSE

Fig. 7. Waveforms

TO

TO

WAVEFORM

A

HEIGHT

in

divide-by-two

@

@

o
o

WAVEFORM

B

HEIGHT

circuit.

l mS/cm

SLOPE+

INT

WAVEFORM

B

WAVEFORM

A

l3