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r472C
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15 MHz, TRIGGERED
Dual:Trace
a
SWEEP
Oscilloscope
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Product
A
DYNASCAN
of
CORPORATION
1801 West Belle
J:
f
tr
I
Plaine
.
Chicago,
lllinois
60613
PR|CE
$3.00
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1'
U
U
INSTRUCTION
FOR
B
K.PRECISION
&
MODEL T472C
15
DUAL.TRACE
MHz, TRIGGERED
OSCILLOSCOPE
MANUAL
SWEEP
DYNASCAN
6460
Chicogo, lllinois
-
CORPORATION
Wesl
Corflond Street
60635
INTRODUCTION
TABLE
CONTENTS
OF
Page
4
FEATURES
SPECIFICATIONS
OPERATOR'S CONTROLS. INDICATORS AND FACILITIES
OPERATING
Initial Starting
Single{race
Calibrated
Differential Voltage Measurement . .
Calibrated Time
External Horizontal lnput
Z-Axis Input
DualrTrace
DUAL-TRACE APPLICATIONS
Introduction
Frequency
Divide-by-8 Circuit
Propagation Time Measurement . .
Digital Circuit Time
Distortion
Gated Ringing
Delay Line Tests
Stereo
Improving
Amplifier
Television
...
INSTRUCTIONS
Procedure
Waveform
Voltage Measurement
Waveform
Divider Waveforms
Measurement
Circuit
Amplifi
er Servicing
the Ratio of Desired-to-Undesired Signals
Phase
Servicing
Observation
Measurement
Observation
Waveforms
Relationships . . .
Measurements
Shift
. .
(X-Y
. . . .
. .
Operation) .
. . .
. . .
. . . . . . .
7
8
8
l0
11
T2
13
T4
l4
15
15
15
16
16
l8
t9
19
20
20
20
2l
v
SINGLE.TRACE
lntroduction
Television Servicing
Tracing and
Signal
Composite
fulse
Sync
(Vertical
VITS
Vectorscope
TELEVISION ALIGNMENT
Introduction
Importance of
Alignment
Sweep
Alignment
Tuner
IF Alignment
Chroma
APPLICATIONS
Peak-to-Peak Voltage
Waveform Analysis
Video
Analysis
Interval Test Signal)
Operation
Sweep Alignment
Methods
. .
Alignment
Readings
23
23
23
23
25
25
27
30
30
3l
32
32
33
Y
FM
RECEIVER
TABLE
ALIGNMENT
. .
OF
CONTENTS
Page
......35
PHASE
FREQUENCY
SQUARE
CIRCTIIT DESCRIPTION
CALIBRATION
-
MEASUREMENT
MEASUREMENT
WAVE
Introduction
Testing Procedure
Analyzing
General
Vertical Preamplifiers
Mode
Logic
Vertical
Trigger
Sync Amplifier
Housing
230 VAC
Graticule
and
CH A
l12ar;rd
Vertical
Horizontal
TESTING
the Waveforms
Amplifier
Circuit
and Inverter
ADJUSTMENTS
Removal
OPERATION
Removal
CH
B DC Balance
1/5
Attenuator
Gain
Adjustment
Position
Adiustment
. . .
OF AMPLIFIERS
Balance
......35
......37
37
...38
...38
..42
42
.. 42
..42
..42
..42
44
44
44
44
M
44
44
a
WARRANTY
WARRANTY
SERVICE INSTRUCTIONS
...47
...48
8
9
11
10
12
25
24
Fig.
Front panel
l.
controls and
13
14
indicators.
v
OPERATOR'S
CONTROLS.
INDICATORS
AND FACILITIES
a
l.
Cathode Ray
the waveforms
Scale.
2.
3.
4.
J.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. EXT
11.
following
The 8 x 10
marks
measurements.
able.
POWER
tion
scope.
Further
iilumination
Pilot
SWEEP TIME/CM
time
pSEC/cm
in
CAL
this
permits
Sweep
adjustment.
the sweep
CAL
peak-to-peak
calibration
check the
probes
<>POSITION
position
dual trace mode). Push-pull
fication
when
TRJGGERING
determines
starts;
(+)
switch
(PULL
generated
signal.
SYNC switch. Four-position
(+)
waveform.
(-)
waveform.
(+)
(-)
for
voltage
ILLUM
of
this control
Clockwise rotation
clockwise rotation
lamp.
Lights when oscilloscope
selector.
(microsecond
i
9 steps
switch
equals
SLOPE.
waveforms except
TV.
television
the
automatically selected
to 0.1 mSEC/cm,
automatically
to
.5
Sweep
Sweep
when VARIABLE
position
disables
the
CH B
speed
time is
P-P
lV
of
frequency
used
with the oscilloscope.
of traces
when
pushed
points
(-)
equals
most
selects
AUTO). When
even
jack.
TRIG
positions:
The SLOPE
Sweep
Sweep is
In
the TV
composite
sweep;
pSEC/cm.
is
is triggered
(CRT).
Tube
are viewed.
cm
(vertical)
Illumination
control.
(OFF
level of
[n
is
triggered on
the
switch.
Selects calibrated
(fully
clockwise).
the
input
VARIABLE
extreme
the
calibrated.
jack.
Provides
square wave input
vertical
the
control.
(both
pulled
in.
LEVEL control.
on waveform slope
most
positive point
automatic
without
Input terminals for external trigger
television composite video
triggered
triggered
positions,
the vertical sync
and
selected for
This is the
graticule
of the
Fully
position)
turns
of the
scale.
Horizontal
per
centimeter) to
internal
provide
to
control.
clockwise
calibrated I kHz,
amplifier
compensation adjustment of the
Rotation
traces when operated in the
switch
(PULL
out
negative
triggering
automatic
an input signal.
positions
positive-going
on
on negative-going
video signal
for
sweep times of
horizontal
sweep times of
positive-going
on negative-going
screen
provides
and time
scale is
counterclockwise
turns
on
control increases
is turned
coarse
sweep
times of
control
In the
signal. This
Sync
point
of triggering. Push-pull
lever
are
the
6 is set to the
CH
generator
sweep
horizontal
Fine
(CAL)
attenuators and to
adjusts
selects 5X magni-
5X MAG), normal
level
where sweep
of
triggering and
when
triggering,
switch with
used for
sync
are used
pulses (frame)
pulses (line)
sync
sync
which
on
calibration
(horizontal)
fully
adjust-
rota-
off oscillo-
oscilloscope.
the
on.
sweep
0.5
SEC/cm
0.5
B position,
and
sweep.
sweep
time
position
1 volt
used for
is
horizontal
adjustment
pulled
out
a sweep
the
viewing
pulses
0.5 SEC/cm
50
pulse.
sync
all
signals.
slope
of
slope
of
of
to
trigger
are
are
pSEC/cm
pulse.
SOURCE switch.
12.
triggering source
triggered
CH A
CH B
EXT
13.
Channel B
ment
adjustment when
CH
14.
Channel B DC BAL
adjustment
15.
Channel B INPUT
B. Jack
SWEEP TIME/CM switch
l6
Channel B DC-GND-AC
DC Direct input of AC
GND
AC Blocks DC
t7.
Channel B VOLTS/CM
Channel B
sensitivity. Vertical
from
18
horizontal
switch
Channel
18.
adjustment
In the extreme
is
a
attenuator is
horizontal gain
switch 5 is
MODE
19.
basic operating
CH A Only
CH B Only
A
A + B The
A - B
Channel
20.
Channel A
sensitivity.
by
Sweep
Sweep
Sweep is
at the
POSITION
for
Channel B trace. Becomes horizontal
position.
B
for
becomes
signal.
Opens signal
amplifier.
position
the
when
which
.01
to
is set to
sensitivity
5 is in the
B VARIABLE
provides
in the CH
switch. Five-position
displayed
displayed
& B Dual
and
two
B inputs
as a single trace.
The
from
difference is
only
display is inverted.
A
VOLTS/CM
which
Vertical
Three-position lever switch
for
the
the same
is triggered
is triggered
triggered by an
EXT
SYNC
SWEEP TIME/CM switch
Channel B trace.
Jack.
external
path
This
of
performing
component
provides
sensitivity
volts
20
CAL
CH B
fine
clockwise
calibrated.
control
B
modes of the oscilloscope.
the input signal
as a single
the
as a
trace
Channel B inpu.t signals are
separate
waveforms
are added and the sum is
waveform from
the
a
Channel B input
provides
sensitivity
sweep.
source in
by
Channel A
by Channel
jack
control.
adjustment. Vertical
Vertical input
in
5 is
switch.
and DC component
and
provides a zero-signal
which can
DC
measurements.
switch. Vertical
step
per
cm
when VARIABLE
position.
when
position.
control. Vertical
control of vertical
(CAL) position,
This control
when the SWEEP
position.
input signal to
single
operation;
traces.
from
Channel A
displayed
switch.
coarse
Both
dual trace
external
10.
Vertical
horizontal
the CH B
grounds
used
be
of input
adjustment
is
calibrated in
This
the SWEEP
lever switch; selects the
to Channel A is
trace.
trace.
both the
Channel
Channel B is subtracted
waveform
as a
Vertical
adjustment
is
calibrated in
selects
sweeps
operation.
signal.
B signal.
signal
applied
position
jack
input to vertical
signal.
attenuator for
control
becomes
Channel B is
A and
single
is
attenuator for
adjust-
position
in
5 is
the
DC
balance
of
Channel
input
position.
as a reference
displayed on
present,
when
of input
base line,
of vertical
I I
steps
control
adjusts
TIME/CM
attenuator
sensivitity.
the vertical
fine
the
TIME/CM
Channel A
Channel
displayed
and the
trace. If
the
vertical
of
11
steps
are
from .01
21 is set
Channel
21.
adjustment
In- the
attenuator
Channel
22.
DC
GND Opens
AC
Channel
23.
A.
Channel
adjustment
Channel
25.
ment
to 20'volts
to the
VARIABLE
A
provides
extreme
calibrated.
is
DC-GNDAC
A
Direct
input signal.
vertical
base
a
as
ments.
Blocks DC
INPUT
A
A DC
for
POSITION control.
A
for Channel A trace.
per
CAL
Position.
fine control
clockwise
switch.
of AC
input
signal
amplifier.
position
the
line,
reference
BAL adjustment.
Channel
when
component
jack.
Vertical
A trace.
when
cm
control.
(CAL)
and
path
and
This
performing DC
Vertical
VARIABLE
Vertical
vertical
of
position, the
DC component
ground input
provides
which
of
input
of
jack
input
Vertical DC balance
control
attenuator
sensitivity'
zero-signal
a
can be
measure-
signal.
of Channel
position
vertical
used
adjust-
of
to
ASTIG
26.
optimum
with
28.
after
FOCUS
27.
INTENSITY
28.
Fuse
29.
AC
30.
INT
31.
Combination
32.
Probe
33.
combination
use
signed
in-put
capable
Vector
34.
for
adjustment.
the
Very
initial
control.
holder.
line cord.
MOD
(see
with
for use
impedance
of
Overlay
vectorscope
roundness
spot
FOCUS
readjustment
little
adjustment.
control.
CSA-approved
jack.
Intensity
carrying
Fig. 3).
10:l./Direct
oscilloscope.
this
with an
operation
Astigmatism
control
Adjusts
modulation
handle
B &
The
oscilloscope
megohm
of I
up to
(not
shown).
operation.
adjustment
us9!-11--c9-njunction
when
27 and
probe has
INTENSITY
this control
of
brightness
for
oscilloscopes.
tilt
and
K-Precision
However,
shunted
MHz, can
l5
Interchanges
is
trace'
of
(Z-axis)
stand.
Model
designed
been
any
having
27
by
used.
be
provides
control
required
input.
PR-35
for
probe
de-
a-nominal
pF
and
scale
with
I
J
INITIAL
l. Set
2. Connect
3. SEt
4. Pull TRIGGERING
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
STARTING
POWER
counterclockwise).
CH
control
.ranges.
position.
Set CH
DC-GND-AC
the
Set
single
dual-trace
Turn
control
light.
will
illumination.
Wait a
warm
mode)
I f no
INTENSITY
observed.
Adjust
for the
Readjust
center
Check
DC
MAINTENANCE
manual.
periodically.
ILLUM
power
cord
POSITION
A
<
13 and
DC'GND-AC
A
switch
MODE
-trace
on
BAL
operation
operation.
oscilloscope
3 clockwise.
few seconds
up. A
should
FOCUS
thinnest,
the
for
control
Turn
trace
appear
trace
control
position
traces.
proper adjustment
-controls
These
PROCEDURE
control
30 to a
>
POSITION
LEVEL
16 to
switch
It will
for the
(two
on the
appears,
28 setting
control
sharPest
controls
14
AND CALIBRATION
adjustments
3 to OFF
12O-volt,
CONITO1
control
switch
the GND
19 to
or the
rotating
by
"click"
clockwise
cathode
if operating
traces
face of the
increase
and
27
trace'
8, 25
of
24
and
25,
to the
8
the CH
A
the
to the
until
INTENSITY
and
ASTIG
as described
require
OPERATING
position
FIz outlet'
50/60
POSITION
CH
JT'
centers
9 to
22
positions.
& B
POWER
on
and
ray
(clockwise) the
the
l3 if
of
AUTO
the
CH
and
position
B
position for
ILLUM
pilot
lamp
desired
(CRT)
tube
the A
in
CRT.
is
trace
control
necessary,
control
26, and
portion
checking
(fully
their
for
scale
to
& B
easily
28
in the
of this
only
INSTRUCTIONS
oscilloscope
The
measurements.
Never
remain
seconds.
few
burned.
motion
B
SINGLE.TRACE
Either Channel
to
4
2
single-trace
that
by
ii no
used
polahty
the
placing the
input to
the
in
Perform
1.
with
connect
The
B & K-Precision
For all
2.
3.
set
arc
waveforms
for DIRect.
10:l
megohm
capacitance
pf
tiO
hightir
used when
be
Set CH
only the AC
now
is
CAUTION
small spot
a
allow
stationary
Reduce
causing
by
operation.
MODE switch
following instructions.
the
MODE-switch
the
the
following
except
for l0:l
to DIRect,
input
shunt
input
DC-GNDAC
B
on the screen
screen
The
intensity
it to sweeP.
WAVEF ORM
or Channel
A
The
the observed
of
Channel
(below
in the
A.
of
steps
probe
cable
instructions
Model
low-amplitude
attentuation.
0.5
Fig.
See
or
impedance
10:l
capacitance
imp-edance
possible,
component
may become
advantage
19
For convenience,
the
19
PR-35 combination
volt
for changing
3
vice
(low'capacity
to
switch
(this
for
ready
of
or keep
OBSERVATION
in
"Initial Starting
in
the
to
peak-to-peak),
versa.
position
in
decrease
making
high brilliance
more
for
permanently
the
B can
using
of
B
CH
For
The
only
and
DIRect
circuit
normal
can
position if
B
INPUT
the
the
probe has
I megohm
position)
AC
waveform
the A-B
the CH
assume
waveforms,
with
the
16 to
is the
waveform
to
than a
in
spot
for
used
be
Channel
be
Channel
Procedute"
position.
use of
probes.
low-amplitude
set
probes from
l8pl
position. The
loading.
for
position for
B is
reversed
there
B is
Then
jack
15.
the
probes
the
probe
the
a 10
shunt
with
should
measuring
Y
8
COMBINATION
AND
CORD WRAP
2.
Fig.
FEET
Rear and side
panel
facilities.
U
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D-
--
I.PULLAPART_
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ATTENUATION
\
1O:1
ry*'
PUsH BAcK
3.
Fig.3.
CLP.18
rocErHER
Probe details.
ffi=
/ffi-
PRoBE
coMPENSATIoN
ADJUSTMENT
TIP
f>
/-
-
a
most mdasurements and must be
being measured
the DC
and the DC
frequency waveform
The GND
ground
readings.
4.
Connect
equipment under
the
measured.
a. If
b. The
5. Set CH B VOLTS/CM
control
six
display on the
The
synchronization and sweep
stable display
forms. Any
deflection
chronize
6. Set SOURCE switch 12 to
provides
being
single trace operation on
switch should
internal sync. Most
internal sync. When
the
position
EXT
Set SYNC switch 1l
7.
for
to the SLOPE(+)
all other types of waveforms.
the
the
negative-going
unknown,
Readjust
8.
synchronized
the control
that
in
disappear if there
sweep, such
amplitude
pull
triggering.
Set
9.
control 6 for
controls may
waveform,
position
reference is required, such as
gound
point
the equipment under test is a
formerless
transformer to
shock.
measurement should not
when using
18
large
squares
lemaining
the sweep.
internal
observed is also used
SOURCE switch should
and a cable should
TRIG
observing television
sweep
(-)
position
TRIGGERING LEVEL control 9 to
produce
will
the
center
the
SWEEP TIME/CM
includes
for
measuring
reference,
position
in the circuit where the
peak-to-peak
to a
signal that
develops
jack
is to
the SLOPE(+)
may be
waveforms. If
control
but
is
clip
test. Connect
WARNING
powered
AC
the DIRect
position
on the scale) vertical
screen will
steps are concerned
showing the desired number
sync so that the
placed
be
waveforms
an
l0 to the external
or
triggered
be
if the
wave.
display
pushed
a
sweep, which
portion
is inadequate
as when
out
the
desired number
set
be
the
trace
large
a
and any
(below
required only when a
probe
of
prevent
voltage at the
switch
that
probably
produces
sufficient tigger
to trigger the sweep.
Channel A,
in the CH A
external
to the TV(+)
composite video
SLOPE(-)
by a
sweep
If
the type of
position
without
in
of its range. The trace
measuring DC or extremely low
no sweep
(PULL
switch 5 and VARIABLE
for
viewing
becomes
used
DC component). Use
both
5 Hz)
to
chassis
the tip of the
use
item,
dangerous
exceed
position
17
and the VARIABLE
gives
speed,
at least I
the
CH
Channel B waveform
should be
sync source
placed
be
connected
be
sync source.
positions
Use
positive-going
is
to
may
jitter.
rotated
and
is usually somewhere
signal
AUTO)
of
only
progressively
if the
the AC component
time a very low
is
to be observed.
for
ground
waveform is
isolation
an
electrical
point
600
of
the
2to 6 cm
deflection. The
unsynchronized.
be
with adjusting
which
signal to syn-
position.
B
the SOURCE
position
viewed
in
or TV(-)
waveforms
for
(+)
the
be triggered
waveform is
used.
be
As a
starting
to any
to
can be
for
whveforms. These
portion
a
point
zero-signal
voltage
DC
of the
probe
to
to be
trans-
of
volts
probe.
(two
to
presents
of wave-
vertical
cm
This
During
for
using
required,
is
the EXT
from
the
positions
observing
position
trigger the
obtained,
automatic
or
if
wave, or
by a
obtain
point,
point
will
of
dimmer
a
a
a
a
smaller
as
sweep
does not
When
rates,
intensity control toward maximum. Under these
conditions,
extreme left
affect
disregarded.
After obtaining the
10.
step
adjustrnent of the TRIGGERING LEVEL control 9.
(-)
The
waveform
the
(+.1
the
waveform
control
desired
i l. For
CALIBRATED
voltages
easily and
oscillosc ope.
4.
5.
a close-up
outward on the
the sweep
displays only the
portion
a
control clockwise. and to view
c€nter. turn
on the control to return the
non- magnifi ed
voltages.
Peak
of a specific
1. Adjust controls
waveform to
Be sure the
2.
fully
clockwise
3.
CH B
Set
vertical
limits of the vertical
Read the
the scale. The CH B POSITION
readjusted
reading if
the CH B POSITION
reference with
GND
deflected
The trace
and
downward
For an accurate
forms
probe
circuit loading;
so
that
cm;and
Calculate the voltage reading
vertical
l7
setting
voltage
l/10th the actual voltage
portion
speed
increases
change.
using very
the
the oscilloscope operation
f.
direction selects the most
may
portion
accurately
deflection
position,
above l0
be
the height
(3)
deflection
reading
fast
operator may wish to operate with
a retrace
the trace.
of
it
is sometimes
direction selects the
at which sweep
at which sweep triiggering will occur. The
be adjusted to start the sweep on any
of the
view
<
factor
by a
ro the left
the
control counterclockwise.
condition.
VOLTAGE
peak-to-peak
as
be measured.
CH B
to
VOLTSiCM
amount of vertical
to
shift the reference
desired.
the
then note the amount the trace
when
the switch is
deflects
for a negative
MHz,
used
in
(2)
the
trace be centered vertically.
(see
example
displayed on the
displayed.
is
but the sweep
NOTE
sweep speed
"pip"
This does
desired
>
POSITION
center portion
portion
measured
previously
vertical
the
When
CH B DC-GND-AC switch
upward
display
the 10:1
the oscilloscope
of the
(in
number
desirable
waveform.
portion
of a
five
of
of center, turn
MEASUREMENT
of a complex
VARIABLE
position.
CAL
switch 17
possible
scale.
measuring a DC
control 13 to a convenient
for
NOTE
of high-frequency
it
important
is
pattern
cm) by the VOLTS/CM
in Fig.
being measured when the
This
is
repetition rate
at low repe.tition
appear
may
not in any
and may
of
waveforms, as
to
make
most negative
triggering
of the waveform,
control 8. This expands
(5X
of the
portions
sweep to the normal,
voltages, DC voltages
on the
instructed
without exceeding
deflection
placed
positive
a
voltage
position
does
follows:
as
a).
will
positive point
magnification) and
sweep. To
<
the
to the right
(See
waveform are
Model
to display the
control 18 is set
for
the maximum
(in
control 13 may
point
for easier
voltage,
in the DC
voltage
input.
that
to
controls be set
not exceed
forget that
Don't
oscilloscope
because the
>
Push
Multiply
(1)
the
at the
way
be
in
final
a
point
on
occur
and
on the
pull
view
POSITION
of
inward
Fig.
a)
and
1472C
the
from
cm)
be
scale
adjust
l6
in the
is
position.
input
wave-
the
reduce
4
the
control
the
is
only
b
10
probe
is set
displayed
ment.
6. Calibration
occasionally
peak
jack
volt
dicated,
TION"
DIFFERENTIAL
This oscilloscope
measure
which
a
differential
push-pull
single
others,
Adjust controls
1.
Starting
Connect a
2.
INPUT
when the
square
7. This calibrated
peak-to-peak. If a need
see
section
voltages
is circuit
section
require this technique.
ground.
amplifier,
amplifier,
of
Procedure."
probe
jacks
for
accuracy
checked
wave signai
the
between
23
ittenuation.
10: I
probe
of
by
"MAINTENANCE
of the manual
VOLTAGE
may be
two
Such
the
amount
the
voltage
divider
previously
as
cable
15.
and
The
actual
for
is set
this oscilloscope
observing
available at
source should
for
MEASUREMENT
used to observe
points
measurements
output of a
of signal developed
or attenuator,
to
both
DlRect
the I
the CAL
read
for recalibration
AND CALIBRA-
complete
in a circuit, neither
as the
phase
described
the CH A and CH
voltage is
measure'
may be
peak-to-
volt
P-P
1V
exactly
is in-
procedures.
(See
Fig. 5)
waveforms
inputs to
splitter
across
many
and
"Initial
under
I
and
of
or
B
probes
Connect
3.
of equipment
probes
are
CH A
point
potential or lower amplitude
A
+.
Set
SOURCE
the controls
Trace
synchronized
height
If only
5.
interest,
a.
a
b.
c.
ground
to
to be
probe
the circuit
in
MODE
the
Waveform Observation"
with the
the AC
use the
Set CH
16
both
CH B
Set
CH B
the
as
If the Channel
phase,
position.
peak
clips of
under
points
the
made.
to the
switch
A and CH
to the
VOLTS/CM
CH
set
difference
in the circuit
It is
higher
and the
switch
12 to
previously instructed
as
waveform
single
VARIABLE
cH A
component
following
AC
VARIABLE
VOLTS/CM switch
A
A and Channel
the
The
displayed
between
two
the
test, and
usually
potential
to the CH
19
the CH A
DC-GND-AC switches
B
position.
switch
MODE switch
connect
where
desirable
or higher
probe
B
CH
point
in the circuit.
A
position
procedure
of 2 to 6 cm
control2l
of the waveform
procedure:
control
18
17
the same
to
20.
waveform
the two
position
in the
to CAL and the
B
l9 to
points
to
is the
chassis
to the
of the
tips
measurements
connect the
amplitude
to the lower
and the
adjust
and
"Single-
vertical
cAL.
is of
22
and
position
are
A-B
peak'to-
of
meas-
a
in
to obtain
set to
inputs
the
POSITION
SO THAT BOTTOM
FORM ALIGNS
A HORIZONTAL
CONTROL
EXACTLY
REFERENCE
EXAMPLE:
VERTICAL DEF
PROBE
PEAK.TO.PEAK
a>
POSITION
OF WAVEFORM CROSSES CENTER
TOP
VERTICAL SCALE
EASE
AND
ADJUSTE D
WAVE-
OF
WITH
LINE
LECTION
VOLTAGE/CM
ATTENUATION
WAVEFORM
CONTROL
MARKER
READING
OF
=
4.2cm
=
.o2
-084V
=
10
=
0.84V
ADJUSTED SO THAT
FOR
OF
ACCURACY
pc?@fl
VOLTS/cm CAL
SET
.o2v
PROBE
@-
o
@).,t
o
o
@
TO
10:1
ATTENUATION
['l@
L"--Jn
CHB
-
Fig. 4. Typical voltage measurement.
1l
urement.
sensitivity
B VOLTS/CM
position.
If
d.
the
out
amplifier,
position
form.
to measure any
of
switches
waveform as
of the
CH B switches set to the
e.
Position
positioning
voltage as
Measurement"
If
the waveform is
may be
Channel A and Channel
phase,
of
set the MODE
to measure the
Set the MODE
measurement. Readjust
l7 and
possible
vertical
the waveform
controls
described
increased
switches
such as the output of
imbalance between the
20
scale,
procedure.
must both
switch to the
as required
without
always
but
and
in
small, the
the
but
B inputs
switch 19 to
peak-to-peak
full
the VOLTS/CM
to obtain
exceeding
keep
same
sensitivity.
as desired with
calculate the
"Calibrated
the
@'
0
@)..t
a
o
@
vertical
CH
A and CH
in
be
the
same
are 180"
push-pull
a
the A-B
wave-
position
A+B
points
two
as large
the limits
the CH A
peak-to-peak
a
and
the
Voltage
t
['-l
L--=lg
6. If a
DC
of
is
interest, use
a. Set CH
position.
Position
b.
the
Use
trace
reference.
Position
c.
position
d. Set CH B
position
introduced
follows:
as
the
POSITION
not
e.
Return
position.
f.
Momentarily
CH A
reference. You
vertical
control. Place
position.
from
voltage
measurement.
voltage,
trace
A+B and
shift as
or the DC
the
A DC-GND-AC
the CH
within the limits of the vertical
the
A POSITION
CH
with one
CH B
as
the
CH
DC-GNDAC
and adjust out
by the
Alternately
A-B
control
the MODE
CH B DC-GNDAC
return
position
positioning
The
the
amount of
Channel A
differential
component of the
following
A VOLTS/CM
of the lines
VOLTS/CM
A VOLTS/CM
and note
may readjust
the
procedure:
switch 22 to the
switch 16 to
any
Channel B
set
the
positions,
until
l3
switch
MODE
the
control,
MODE
displacement of the
reference
between the two
control 25 to
switch
adjusting
the trace
position
switch
the
it
but
switch
waveform
switch 20 to keep
on the
17
switch.
error
that may
positioning
MODE
position
16
switch 19
trace
the
with
not
the
represents
scale.
align the
scale
to the same
the GND
control
switch l9
CH B
the
does
changes.
to
the DC
to
position
Channel A
Channel
in
the A-B
trace
points
DC
for
be
to
the
for
the
of
{
1
B
il
il
PUSH-PULL
AMPLI FI
ER
VERTICAL
PEAK.TO-PEAK WAVEFORM
Typical
5.
Fig.
EXAMPLE:
DEFLECTION
VOLTAGE/cm
differential
=
6cm
=
.O2
1.2V
10PROBE ATTENUATION
12V
measurement.
CALIBRATED
Pulse
other waveform
measured on
ments from
possible.
visible at one
moving
the
to
from
beginning
spot.
1. Adjust
display of the
2. Be sure the
clockwise
3.
Set the
possible
measured,
4. If necessary, readjust
trol
5. Read the
tween
be
POSITION
the measurement
easier
6.
Calculate the
horizontal
switch 5
when
be divided by 5 to obtain
7. Time measdrements
especially
started
TIME MEASUREMENT (See
width,
9
waveform
time
this
.5
low
At
time.
left
and
controls as
to the CAL
SWEEP TIME/CM
display of the
usually
for
the
amount
the
reading.
deflection
setting
the 5X magnification
true when measuring
by a
durations
oscilloscope.
second
sweep
However,
to right
ending
desired wavefbrm.
sweep
one
most
stable display.
points
control
points
time
(see
sync
periods,
down
speeds, the entire
across the
points
previously
VARIABLE
time
position.
cycle.
the TRIGGERING
of horizontal
8 may
with a
duration
(in
example
often
signal from
circuit
easily
are
Calibrated
to
0.1
the
bright
screen,
of
the measurement
described
control 5 for
waveform segment
of measurement.
be
cm) by
the actual time
require external
deflection
readjusted
vertical
follows:
as
the SWEEP
in Fig. 5). Remember,
is
used, the result
delays. The
one
Fig.
6)
delays and
and accurately
time measure-
microsecond
waveform
spot can
control 6 is
to
scale marker for
duration.
circuit and the
is not
be seen
which makes
for
LEVEL
align one
Multiply
sync.
easy
a stable
fully
the
largest
to
con-
(in
The < >
TIME/CM
must
This is
sweep
all
are
be
cm)
of
the
3
is
I2
a>
POSITION
THAT LEADING EDGE
FORM
REFERENCE LINE. EDGE
MAY NOT BE VISIBLE
FAST PULSES;
ALIGN WHEREVER WAVEFORM
BEG I NS.
CONTROL ADJUSTED
ALIGNS WITH A VERTICAL
IN
THIS CASE
OF
ON
WAVE.
VERY
SO
HOR I ZONTA
DE F
LECTI
ON
6.35
cm
L
VARIABLE
CAL
@
o
@
SCt tO
SWEEP TIME/CM
set to 1 0!r
,SLOPE
(to
negative-going
start
sec
set
to
sweep
Q
on
edge)
o
@
CHB
POSITION
THAT
TRAILING EDGE
CROSSES HORIZONTAL
FOR
ACCURACY
EXAMPLE:
HORIZONTAL DEFLECTION
(or
PERIOD)
FREOUENCY=
waveform
measured
measurement of
and the
urements
a.
b.
subsequent
using
the
set
Connect
the
source
souRCE
a
cable.
c. Set the
position
Readjust
d.
SYNC switch
for
the TRIGGERING
necessary for
e.
If
measuring
start of the
8. Another excellent
with
dual-trace operation.
"DUAL-TRACE
the
manual.
EXTERNAL
For
tion
signal is
measurement,
flection
horizontal
HORTZONTAL
some measurements,
required.
where
and the X rnput
input may
CONTROL
SWEEP
TIME DURATION
OF WAVEFORM
ADJUSTED
OF WAVEFORM
SCALE MARKER
AND
EASE
TIME/CM - 1OpSEC
1
TtN/iE
in a subsequent
the
display
between
waveform.
external
cable from
of
the
sweep
sync, use
switch
12
the EXT
sync
signal.
1l
proper
a stable
a
delay, measure
to
method for
to the
polarity
waveform.
the
start
measuring
The
APPLICATIONS"
rNpUT
external
an
This is
the
provides
be a
also referred
Y
input
horizontal
sinusoidal
SO
READING
OF
=
6.35cm
-
63.5uSEC
=
1
^0000635€EC
=
15,15O
Hz
Fig.
circuit. This
the
perform
To
following
the
to the EXT
TRIG
Use
a shori
SLOpE
for
the
LEVEL
the time from
of
the waveform.
time
procedures
section
(X-y
OPERATTON)
horizontal
to
provides
deflection.
wave,
6. Typical
allows
pulse
sync
such meas-
steps:
position.
10
iack
shielded
(+)
(-)
or
sync signal.
control
9
the
delays is
given
are
of
the
deflec-
as
an X-y
vertical
de-
The
such
as
for
to
in
measurement.
time
phase
measurement,
input must
voltage
any
satisfactory operation.
use the
following procedure:
t.
Set the
the
2.
Use
Channel
3. Adjust
if
CH B VOLTS/CM
4.
The
as the
TION
Do NOT
X-Y
VOLTS/CM
5.
All sync controls
DISPLAYS
RECEIVER
HORIZONTAL
SHOW TYPICAL TELEV!SION
WAVEFORM
or
mV
100
per
mV or
be
10
of
To use
CH
B
the
Channel A
the
SWEEP
B
TIME/CM
position.
probe
for
amount
and VARIABLE
(vertical)
CH B
horizontal position
control
operation.
is
disabled.
use
the PULL
Use
controls
are
AT
OUTPUT
external
an
GRID OF
TUBE
cm of deflection
greater
an external
switch 5 fullv
probe
for
the
vertical
the horizontal
of horizontal
POSITION
control now
control,
NOTE
5X
the CH B
to
MAG
adjust
horizontal gain.
VARIABLE
disconnected
voltage.
sweep
greater;
or
is sufficient
horizontal
clockwise
input
input.
deflection
controls 17
and the
conrrol
and
<>
durins
have
input,
and
with
and 18.
serves
POSI-
and
no
effect.
This
thus
for
to
the
the
13
6. Set both the
l6
and
most measurements
measured include
being
CH A and CH
AC
to the
position.
and must be
a
large
B DC-GNDAC switches
This is the
DC
position
used if the
component.
used
points
22
for
Fig. 7. Oscilloscope
ZA)flS IMUT
The trace
modulated
marks are
applied at
the rear of the oscilloscope will
and blanking
DUAL{RACE
(Refer
In observing
it
B,
frequency
other
the
example of
An
multiplier. The
on Channel A,
multiple
Channel
Channel A is synchronized,
also be
waveforms
each other are
impossible
not
if
useful observation.
To display
tion, use the
Perform the
l.
2. Connect
and CH
If
3.
oscilloscope
be used except
or
position
probe
possible,
position
4. Set MODE switch
should appear on the screen.
5. Adjust CH A and CH
to
trace. and adiust both traces
mark on the icale.
displayed
(Z-axis
required.
the INT MOD
Fig. 8
to
is necessary that the waveforms
or that one of
although the basic
of
this
B. In
in
having no
B
the recommended
less. For
from
place
input) where
A 2O-volt
of
the trace.
WAVEFORM
)
simultanedus
is in checking a
this
reference,
for example, and the multiple
referenie
Way, when
this
qync
with
displayed
to
two waveforms
following
steps
oscilloscope
INPUT
probes
for
lower amplitude
the
should be
10: 1 to DIR or
use
the
to minimize
the
Channel
trace with
on the screen may
(intensity
See
OBSERVATION
waveforms on channels A and
the
waveforms by synchronized to
frequencies
"clock"
or
frequency
the display
the Channel
phase
simultaneously,
lock
both
procedure:
of the
probe
jacks
23 and
B &
used,
are
waveforms
used. See
high impedance,
circuit
19
to the A &
POSITION
B
A trace above
Z-axis input.
frequency
peak-to-peak
modulation)
provide
Fig.
7.
the waveform
frequency
or
waveforms
simultaneously
"Initial
cables
15.
K-Precision
10:1
of 0.5
Fig. 3
loading.
to a convenient
or
alternate brightness
may
frequency
frequency
will be
on Channel B will
A display. If two
it will
in sync
Starting
to both the
attenuation should
volt
waveforms
for changing the
vice versa. Whenever
low capacity
position.
B
controls
the Channel
intensity
be
or time-scale
greater
signal
jack
3l on
related
be
be different.
divider
can be
displayed
display
relationship to
be difficult
for
Procedure."
Model
peak-to-peak
the DIP.ect
Two traces
25 and
in
or
used
or
sub-
on
of
for
any
observa-
CH A
PR-35
10:1
13
reference
ground
7. Connect
ground
of the
waveforms
signal
applied
a.
b.
8. Set
and B to a
deflection.
unsynchronized.
to those
the
displays.
Set the SOURCE
9.
provides
being
desired,
trigger the sweep by setting the SOURCE
CH
source
A or B is
to
from
Set
10.
positions for
waveforms,
positions
Use the
a
sweep
Adjust TRIGGERING LEVEL
11.
stable,
control
will
the center
if
as when measuring extremely low
no
AUTO)
Set SWEEP
t2.
control
controls
waveform,
as a smaller
After obtaining the
13.
step 12, it is sometimes
adjustment of the
The
point
will
positive point
B
triggering
start
waveform.
the
of the equipment under test.
probes
are to
to which the
to the Channel A input.
equipment
If the
less AC unit, use an isolation transformer
prevent
The
measurement should not
the
the
B
the
the SYNC
positive-going
produce
there is inadequate signal
sweep
(-)
dangerous electrical
peak-to-peak
probe
VOLTS/CM
The
outlined
procedure for
internal sync so that the
observed is also
the Channel B waveform
position.
other than the measurement
required.
(external) position
EXT
EXT
the
or
for
(+) positions
is
to
be
synchronized sweep. As
may
be
a
portion
can
for
automatic triggering.
for
6
may
but
portion
direction of
on the
occur
the sweep on any
sync waveform
and the
will
clips of the
points
to
be measured.
waveform will be synchronized be
WARNING
under
voltage at
is used in
position
displays
Often in dual-trace operation,
TRIG
observing television
to the SLOPE
observing
triggered
pushed
sweep, which
be
TIME/CM switch 5 and VARIABLE
the
be
the trace
on the
occur.
the DIR
controls
that
on
remaining
The
for
single-trace operation,
obtaining stable,
12 to the
switch
used
In this
jack
l0
switch
wave, or to the
obtained,
1l to the TV(+) or TV(-)
all
if
the sweep is to
by
in
and
its
of
range. The
desired
set
number of waveforms.
for
viewing only a
becomes
displayed.
is
desired number
TRIGGERING LEVEL
rotation
(+)
sync
The
desired
probes
to the
in the
test
exceed
l7
gives
the screen
to trigger the sweep. If
case set
to
other types of
a negative-going
rotated
is
to trigger the sweep,
pull
desirable to
selects the
at which
direction
waveform at which sweep
control
Connect the tips
circuit
preferred
It is
is
a transformer-
shock.
the
600
position.
and 20
steps, although similar
the
out the
for
2 to 3 cm
will
CH A
Channel A
may be used to
point
ttre
SOURCE switch
and connect a cable
sync source.
composite video
(+)
or
be
(-) position
control 9 to obtain a
a starting
to any
usually
trace will
amplitude signals. If
control
progressively
of waveforms
sweep triggering
selects the most
may
be
portion
chassis
where the
that the
to
point
of
volts,
if
Channels
vertical
probably
describe
synchronized
position.
waveform
switch to
a
for
Channel
SLOPE
waveforms.
triggered
if
wave.
point,
point
somewhere in
disappear
(PULL
These
portion
dimmer
make
a
control
negative
most
adjusted to
of the sync
A
be
This
the
sync
(-)
by
the
the
that
such
of a
in
as
final
9.
a
3
l4
14. The observed
expanded
<>
the
rotated
waveforms of
by a
POSITION
clockwise or
and right extremes
desued.
sweep
15.
Calibrated voltage
urements
to
Either the
controls can
the horizontal
Push
inward on the
to the normal, non-magnified
and
operation
previously
those
Channel A or Channel B
used as required in
be
sweep controls to obtain
amplitude or time
done
the A
either
& B
using
by
position
to single-trace operation,
positions
The
16.
be
the
A-B
of the
Channel A and
added
algebraically
position,
tr+B
position.
MODE switch.
factor
control
of 5
pulling
by
8.
This control
counterclockwise to view
Channels A
of
the
waveform
control to
condition.
measurements,
with
described
calibrated time
Z-axis input
for
single-trace operation.
vertical
conjunction with
interval
of the MODE
or subtracted
measurements.
the
dual display
using the
by
placing
B waveform
Channel
facilities
switch
CH A or
the MODE switch
algebraically
and B can
outward
can then
the left
displays as
return
identical
are
adjustment
required
the
This
can
such
reverting
or
by
displays can
the
meas-
CH B
in
the
be
on
be
be
as
in
FREQUENCY
Fig.
divide-by-two
"clock"
outputs of the
the settings of specific
waveforms.
these
the TRIGGERING
A
and Channel B vertical
required
8, the waveform
voltage amplitudes of
waveforms are desired,
VARIABLE
The Channel B
Fig.
88 or 8C.
waveform
responds
output
waveform
of the
corresponding to
DIVIDF-
Fig.
{
DUAI-TRACE
APPLICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The most obvious
dual- trace oscilloscope
viewing simultaneously two waveforms that
phase-related,
or
voltage, such as
"Cause
circuit
tions
and
designer
of the dual-trace
in
Effect"
or
detail to familiarize
of this
oscilloscope.
yet
and
or
that
digital
waveforms
the repairman.
the
most useful
that it has the
is
have
a common synchronizing
circuitry.
Simultaneous
an
is
Several
invaluable aid
oscilloscope will be reviewed
the user
further
in
the
feature
of the
capability
frequency-
are
viewing of
to the
possible
applica-
basic ooeration
for
divide-by-eight
identical to those
Fig.
divide-by-eight
Fig.
input
In an
or near
rise time
time
circuit
in
possible
frequency
scope the
94
B
indicates the
pulses
propagation
and must
DIVIDER
8
illustrates
circuit.
pulse
train. Fig.
WAVEFORMS
the waveforms
Fig.
B
divide-by-two
oscilloscope
In
addition to these
LEVEL
position
produce
to
suitabie displays.
levels of
2 cm are
the
the
controls must be
waveform may be either
Fig.
In
is shown
for
the
to a negative-going
shifted
reference
BY-8
9
is
is
frequency
pulse
the
width.
CIRCUIT WAVEFORMS
indicates waveform
circuit.
supplied
output
used
The
Fig. 8.
in
to
the Channel
applied to
is
ideal
and the
application
output
where
its maximum
effects
of the
delay
be
time
divider
compensated for.
delay which
circuit. By use of the
input and output
pulse.
the logic
design
consecutive
which
waveforms
A
indicates the reference
Fig.
and
C
circuitry.
controls
basic
indicate
Fig. 8
the
also
for
control settings,
control, as well as the
controls should
involved in a
In the
drawing of Fig.
indicated. If the exact
Channel A
Channel A and
placed
8C
the divide-by-two
case where the
waveform. ln
with respect to the
pulse
relationships
basic oscilloscope
The reference
time
relationship
frequency,
stages
can be significant
may
be
and Channel
the
in
that
output
by a time
A
input, and
the
Channel
circuitry
the
produce
Fig. 9C
introduced
Channel
CAL
indicated
this
leading edge
for
settings
frequency
between
operating
is
accumulated
in a critical
indicates the
dual trace
can be superimposed
basic
or
possible
indicates
viewing
Channel
be
set as
position.
in
output
circuitry
case, the
interval
a
basic
are
of
the
B
input.
the
at
a
built-in
into a
oscillo-
B
B
J
CHA
^REFER
A.
cHn
B. DIVIDE
ENCE FREOUENCY
(1OOO
PULSES
LEADING
VISIBLE
,/r-
u
-
LEADING
BY
- l*ro
cHB
l
C. DIVIDE-
TRAILING EDGE
BY.TWO
PER
SECOND)
EDGES
AT FAST
-TWO
EDGE
OF
OF REFERENCE PULSE
MAY NOT BE
OUTPUT
REFERENCE
OUTPUT SYNCHRONIZED
CHANNEL A
WAVEFORM
fi,itt|3hfr
PULSE
TRAIN
SWEEP
RATES
SYNCHRONIZED
PULSE
Fig.
8. Waveforms
TO
TO
WAVEFORM
HEIGHT
in
divide-by-two
A
WAVEFORM
circuit.
OG
o
0
@
B
HEI
t
GHT
t5
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