BK Precision 1460 User Manual

rr

@

1460

la

SOLID STATE.

TRIGGERED

SWEEP

OSCILLOSCOPE

@BJHAF;9#N

INSTRUCTION MANUAL

FOR

B

TRIGGERED

K/PREC|SION

&

MODEL

SOLID

1460

STATE

SWEEP

oscrLLoscoPE

@3#6F^%N

West

6460

Chicago,

Cortland Street

lllinois

60635

INTRODUCTION

TABLE

OF CONTENTS

Poge

.4

FEATURES

SPECIFICATIONS
CONTROLS
OPERATING

Initiol

Wqvelorm
Cqlibrqted
Cqlibrcted Time
Externql
Z-Axis Input

APPLICATION

Television
Signol
Composite

Sync
VITS
Vectorscope

TELEVISION

Introduction

Tuner
I-F Alignment
Chromq

FM

RECEIVEN
FREQUENCY
PHASE
SQUARE

Introduction

Testing Procedure

Anolyzing
CIRCUIT

Generql

Verticol

Input
Amplifier

Triggering

Phose

Sync

Squore Wqve

Sweep

Gqte Multivibrqtor,

Horizontol
Cqlibrqtion
Power

qnd

INSTRUCTIONS

Storting Procedure

Observqtion

Voltoge Meqsurement ... .

Horizontql

.,

Servicing

Trocing

Video Wqveforms

Pulse Anolysis
(Verticol

ALIGNMENT

Importonce
Swepp Alignment

Alignment

Alignment

ALIGNMENT

MEASUREMENT

MEASUREMENT

WAVE TESTING

the Wovelorms

DESCRIPTION

Amplifier

Circuit

Circuit

Inverter

Seporqtor

Circuit

Amplilier

Voltoge

Supply

INDICATORS

Meosurement

.

Input

.

qnd

Peqk-to-Peck

Anolysis

Intervol.Tesi

Operotion

of Sweep Alignment

Methods

.. .

Signol)

.

....

.

.

OF

AMPLIFIERS .

..

....

Circuit

Attenuqtor

cnd

Limiter

ond

Circuits

Shoping Circuit

Miller

Circuit

Circuit

Circuit

Circuit

Integroting

Voltqge Recdings

Circuit ond Hold

. . ..

OfI

......

Circuit

t7

20
20
20

.. 20

23
24
25

25
26
27
28

28
28
29

33
33
33
33
33
34

34
34
34
34

. .

34
35
35
35

4
5
6
8

8

I
l0
ll
ll
t2

t2
t2
l3
l3
l5
l5

MAINTENANCE

Housing
Grqticule

Scole Illuminotion
CRT Positioning
Cleoning
DC Bolqnce
Astigmctism
Verticql

Removql

ond

Cqlibrotion

AND

Removql

.

Repoiring

Adjustment

Adjustment

CALIBRATION

ond

Replocement

Lomp

Replocement

. . .

. .. i..

..

35
35
36
36
36
36
36
36
37

INTRODUCTION

The B d K Model 1460 Solid Stote, Triggered
Sweep Oscilloscope is o loborotory
sionol instrument
wqveforms in electronic circuits. It perlorms
meosurements mode on conventionql

FULLY

SOLID STATE

TRIGGERED

SWEEP

LARGE

SCREEN

CALIBRATED

VOLTAGE

SCALES

CALIBRATED

SWEEP

HORIZONTAL

TV

VERTICAL

TV

SPEED

lor observing ond meosuring

Only the cqthode

uses <r {ilqment.

stoges
diodes,
trqnsistors). Among
vontoges
struction

No stobilizqtion wqrm-up
time

Low
Dependobility-reliobility.
Ruggedness.
Light Weight.
Compoctness.

The stobility
presentotion
porison
sweep
sweep
triggered
observed to
ore
even when
of vorying period
Fully
threshold
portion
be

The 130
inches)
tube
entqtion.

Accurqte
instqntqneous
different

Accurqte
on l9

Speciol sync
speed

designed
vision

Speciol
speed positions
designed
vision

qnd

required.

power

oscilloscopes.

remqins

olwcys synchronized,

odjustoble

used lor

diqmeter

gives

different ronges.

positions

horizontql

verticol

quolity,

oscilloscopes,

use trqnsisiors,

FET's

oI solid stqte

qre:

droin.

ol wqveform

is beyond

with

non-triggered

qt

by the signol

qssure

the wqvelorm

qllows

oI the

rqnges.

wqvelorm

triggering.

(opprox.

mm

eosy-tereod

meqsurement

voltoges

lime

meqsurements

ond

lor

observing

sync

ond sweep

for

observing

lrqmes.

profes-

roy tube

All other

(Iield

effect

the od-

rest until

being

thot

recurrqnce.

trigger

the

desired

cothode

pres-

on I I

sweep

specilicolly
lines.

specificolly

usuolly with greoter
Additionolly, it
speed,

oll

the electronic
color television

FEATURES

con-

com-

The

they

is

lo

5.1

roy

oI

tele-

iele-

includes greoter

qnd

sensitivity, plus

sophisticotion

qnd

other stqte-ol-the-ort

VECTORSCOPE

WIDE BANDWIDTH

WIDE RANGE

OF

SWEEP SPEED

EXPANDED

SCALE

HIGH

SENSITIVITY

CALIBRATION

SOURCE

Z.AXIS

INPUT

ILLUMINATED

SCALE

stobility

Vectorscope inputs
trols

q
with the

o
exoctly
television

DC
35
tion free,
presentotion
quencies.

Sweep speeds
cm to
every
viewing wqvelorms
to

A live time mognilicqtion
(5X)

qllows
of

Allows the low
high impedqnce, I0:l
uqtion
virtuolly
thus ollering
locding.

A built-in
peok-to-peok
permits

ibrction

pli{iers without

equipment.

Intensity modulqted
ity

guency

Fully vqriqble illumincrtion
for the scole.
horizontol morkers on
sccrle mqke
meosurements eosy

ond better

bqndwidth,

{eqtures

extrq

required

on the lront ponel. plus

vector

color demodulotor

to l0 MHz bqndwidth

nSEC rise

l0

c

included for time

overloy

oscilloscope provide

os specified

mqnufqcturers.

SEC/cm

0.5
speed necesiory lor

MHz.

ol the horizontql

close-up

portion

probe

qll

cqlibrqted 5 volt

checking

oI the verticql

mqrkers.

resolution.

to

for seivicing

devices.

qnd

supplied

by color

give

time

hiqh

of

voltoge ond time

resolution

ql

hiqh Ireq-

ol 0.5

provides

lrom DC

exqminotion

the wqvelorm.

cqpqcitqnce,

to

be used lor

meqsurements,

less circuit

squore wqve

qnd

qdditionol

Verticql

to

sweep

provide

disploy

distor-

pSECr

sweep

copobil-

or

con-

ond

otten-

recql-

om-

lre-

qnd

the

reqd.

SPECIFICATIONS

VERTICAL

Dellection

Frequency

Risetime
Overshoot

Input

resistonce

Input

copocity
Tilt
Mox.

input

SWEEP

CIRCUIT

AMPLIFIER

foctor

response

volroge

0.01 V/cm
5%,

divided

eoch providing

fine

odjustment.

-

DC

-

AC
35

nqnoseconds

3olo

or

I

Megohm

(cpproximote)

3SpF
5oZ

or less

(DC

300

V

to

DC

to l0

2 Hz

to l0

less

(opproximote)

*

AC peok)

Vp-p

20

lor

MHz

v/cm,

qll

-"on"

MHz

rqnqes

io,

(-3dB)

(-3dB)

or 600

-+

TV

synchronizqtion

HORIZONTAL

Dellection
Freguency
Input

Input

fqctor

response
resistonce
copocity

CATIBRATION

HORIZONTAL
MHz
Ilection

VERTICAL
minimum
Any portion
wqveforms
nized
viewing

AMPLIFIER

300
DC

to 800

l00K

40pF

VOLTAGE

I

KHz squore

(+-

5%)

minimum

100 Hz

lOmm

con be

ond

mV/cm

KHz
(Approximotely)

ohm
or

less

100

Hz

l0mm

to

ol de-

3

oI dellection

of complex

synchro-

exponded

(-3

dB)

wqve

of

SVp-p

to I

KHz

TV

Ior

Sweep

Sweep

Sweep

system

time

mognificotionAs

TRIGGERING

Typ"

Troce
Triggering

Slope

rqnge

TRIGGERED
MATIC

0.5

pSEC/cm

(:r5%),

divided
eqch providing
line

odjustment.

(13

TVH
(3.6

obove
center

Internql,
externql
triggering

Positive

20 Hz

lOmm
ured
scope)

p,SEC/cm)

mSEC/cm)

obtqined

sweep

line

(2Vpp

cnd negotive

to

l0 MHz

oI

deflection,

on

ccrthode

by

Irequency

crnd

to 0.5

lor lg

meqns

qnd

enlorging

5 times

or

(minimum

qs

rcy

AUTO-

SEC/cm

ronges

lor

TVV

the

from

ond

higher)

meqs-

tube

INTENSITY

MODULATION

Voltoge

POWER

REQUIREMENTS

SEMICONDUCTOR

Complement

ACCESSORIES

Probe:

Attenuotion

Input
l0:l

BdK-Precision

Impedonce

(Low

(Not

copocity)10

Direct

30Vp-p minimum

ll7

VAC,

line

50/60

cord)

wire

5 FET's
40 Tronsistors

l4

Diodes

Included)

Models

Combinotion

MEGn,

I

MEGQ,

PR-16

l0:l

l8pf

l20pl

Hz,

cnd

ond

20W

PR-20

Direct

(3-

Figure

l.

Controls

qnd

Indicqtors

OFF/scole

clockwise
turns

on

minqtion.

2

Pilot

lomp.

3

POSIUON

I

ment.

VOLTAGE,TCM

Coqrse
ticol s-ensitivity
.01

to 20 volts

to

the CAL position.

VARIABLE

ment. Fine

illuminqtion
turns

oscilloscope

Lights

control.

switch.

odjustment

is cqlibrqted

per

control.
control

control.

off

oscilloscope.

ond

increqses

when

oscilloscope

Verticol position

Verticql

oI verticol

cm when

Verticql

of verticql

VARIABLE

CONTROLS

Fully

counter-

Clockwise

scqle

illu-

is

on.

odjust-

qttenuqtor.

sensitivity.

in I

I steps

ottenuotor

sensitivitv.

Ver-

from

is

5

odjust-

In

set

the

AND

INDICATIONS

extreme
qttenuqtor

<>

6

tol
mcAnilicotion
pushed

7

DC BAL
justment.

8 SWEEP

sweep
times
when
CAL.
composite

clockwise

is

cqlibroted.

POSITIOIN

position

of trqce.

in.

odjustment.

TIME/CM

time

selector.

oI

pSEC/cm

0.5

VARIABLE/HOR

Selects proper

video

control.

when

(CAL)

wqveforms

position,

Rotqtion

Push-pull

pulled

Verticol

switch.

Selects cqlibrqted

to

0.5 SEC/cm

GAIN

sweep

the verticql

odjusts

switch

out;

normql

dc

bqlqnce

Horizontql

in

control

time

for

in

TVH

horizon-

selects

9

television

(television

when

qd-

coqrse
sweep

lg

stepi

is set to

SX

horizontql)
tions.
disploys
tion.

VARIABLE'HOR
odjustment
SWffp
In
sweep

AC-GND-DC

ro

switch.

V INPUT

tl

GND

t2

TRIG

t3

termines
stqrts.

tion,
overdge

STABILITY

l4

EXT SYNC'HOR

t5

nol
TRIGGERING

l6

ity

Disobles

the extreme

time

posjtion-blocks

AC.

srgnoL

GND

grounds
provides

'ot
performing

position-direct

DC

ponenl.

terminql.

LEVEL

sweep

sync or externql

(+)

TVV

ond

internol

externql

TIME

position-opens

*tti.n cqn

Jock.

point

fully

In

level of

(-).

or

horizontol

GAIN

(horizontql

switch 8

CM

clockwise

is cqlibrqied.

switch.

input

zero-signol

o

be

meqsurements'

dc

Verticol

Chqssis

control.

wovelorm

on

counterclockwise

is outomoticolly

the wqvelorm.

control.

jock.

SLOPE

(television

sweep

control.

goin odj{-s-tment

Verticql

dc

signol

verticql

to

bose

used

input oI

inPut.

ground.

Sync level

Sync

Input

horizontol

switch. Selects

generotor

input

Fine sweep

is in

position

input

component

input

omplifrer'

line,

relerence

cr

cts

qc qnd

odjustment

slope

synchronized

stobility

terminal

input.

verticol)

EXT

in

position).

EXT

(CAL)

selector

ol

poth ond

position

the

dc com-

whele_
(AUTO)

odjustment.

{or exter-

sync

posi'

ond

posi'

time

when

the

input

This

when

de'

sweep

posi-

to the

polcr-

TRIGGERING

l7

INT-wqvelorm

sync trigger.

EXT-signol

used

LINE-power

SYNC

t8

NOR-normql.
TVH-syncs
composite
TVV-syncs
composite

FOCUS control.

t9

INTENSITY

20

CALJLjqck.

2l

squqre

ASTIG

22

vides
Scole.

23

24
25
26

27

28
29

30

time

ond

reploced

ond

Observqtion
Bezel retqining
Vector overloy.

vectorscope

Probe

probe

direct

MOD

INT

input.

Fuse.

Power cqble

SOURCE

ot

qs

sync

Iine

switch.

on

video.

on

video.

control.

Provides

wove output

odjustment.

roundness

Provides

meosurements.

(Not

cqlibrqtion

wth vector

bezel.

nuts

Used in

opplicotions.

illustrqted).

qvcdlqble

jock.

storqge

switch'

being observed

SYNC'HOR

EXT

trigger.

lrequency

horizontol

verticol

Adjusts brightness

opproximotely

ot

Astigmotism

spot on cqthode

to

(4).

for

Intensity

comPortment.

sync

components

component

colibrqted

odjustment

mqrks

cqn

Scqle

overloy.

ploce oI scole

(Not

illustroted)

Combinotion

verticql input.

modulotion

used os

is

jock

15

(50

50

oI

ol troce.

VP-p

5

KHz.

I

tube.

roy

voltoge

for

be removed

26.

23

l0:l ond

(Z

is

Hz).

oI

pro-

{or

oxis)

29

28

Figure

Beqr Pqnel

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

CAUTION:
lionce

thon

o few
nently
in

motion

INITIAT

l. Set the OFF

OFF position

2. Connect
outlet.

3.

Set the i POSITION
TION control

4.

Set the
position

5.

Set the AC-GND-DC

tion.

6.

Turn on the
scqle

"click"
the

minqtion,

7.

Woit
(CRT)

the fqce

8. II no
INTENSITY
eosily
STABILITY
ploces

Never

to

remoin

seconds.

burned.

by

cousing

STARTING

the power

TRIG LEVEL
(fully

illuminqtion

on

control

o few

to

worm

ol the

troce

observed.

the

Reduce

ond

clockwise

oppeqrs,

control
control

sweep

ollow

stotionory

'scole

(fully

6

counterclockwise).

oscilloscope

seconds

CRT.

q

smqll

on the

The

spot

moy

intensity

it to

sweep.

PROCEDURE

illuminotion

counterclockwise).

cord to cl ll7 volt,60

to

the pilot

up.

control 3 ond

the

cenler
control

switch

control

to

for

A trqce

increqse

2O setting

II

troce

14 fully

generotor

tO

by rotcrting

I clockwise.

lomp

the desired

the

is still

spot

of hiqh

screen

become

or keep

control I to

o{ their rcrnges.

t3 to the AUTO

to

2 will

cothode

should

(clockwise)

until the

not visible,

clockwise,

q

in

fo-r more

permq-

the

Hz

<>

POSI-

the

GND

the

OFF/

It will

light.

scole

rqv

opp"or

trqce

which

free-running

bril-

spot

the

AC

posi-

Turn

illu-

lube

ort

the

is

turn

mode
sweep/.

L Adjust

control

10.

Reodjust
necessory,

11.

Check

ond

DC BAL
instructed
BRATION"

justments

The

.

Iorm

WAVEFORM

oscilloscope

meqsurements.

l.

Perlorm
dure, then
INPUT

z.

For

oll except
probe
omplitude

peok),
for

chonging
or vice
impedoace
in the
shu-nt
h_iVhgr
should
cuit looding.

3.

Set the

ing

only

l0:l position

copocitqnce

(no

sync

the FOCUS

2O lor the

the

POSITION

to

center

lor proper

7 controls

in the

portion

reguire

is now

OBSERVATION

the

steps of

connect

receptocle

27 is
set

versq. The

input

be used

AC-GND-DC

the

low

sel for

woveforms

the probe

the probe

with

only lSpF

impedonce

when possible

qc

component

trigger

thinnest,

odjustment

MAINTENANiE

checking

l l.

probe

in the

switch

required

control

controls

the troce.

ond

oI

this

reody

the initiol

probe

the

omplitude

l0:l

ottenuotion.

(below

Ior

DIRECT.

from l0:l

hos q l0

ond I

megohm

DIRECT

(low

lO to

(This

t9

shorpest

CRT

mqnuql.

only periodicolly.

for

shunt

copoiity

to produce

qnd

INTENSITY

troce.

3 ond

of

the ASTIG

positioninq

moking

storting

coble

wqveforms,

0.5 volt peok-to­See Figure

to DIRECT,

megohm

clpocitonce

wlth l20pF

position.

to

deireqse

AC lor

is the

qnd

These

proce-

to itre

For

position)

meqsur-

normql

6,

22

qs

CALI-

od-

wove-

the

low

input

The

cir-

if

V

3

I. PULL APART

PUSH

3.

Figure

BACK ToGETHER

3. Chonging

Probe

PROEE COMPENSATiON

A

DJUSTMENT

Irom

l0:l

to DIRECT

position
used

lorge
meosuring
reference,

wqveform

GND
ground
voltoge

4.

Connect

chqssis
Connect

circuit

l.

If
less
rormer

2.

The
meqsurement

5.

Set

thot gives

on

the

The

unsyn_chronized.

cerned

speed,

ing

the

nql

thqt

tion
chronize

6.

Set

the

for

observing

forms

to

the
composite
horizontql

qll

other

7.

Set

the

(internol).position

INT

observed

Most

switch
sync

source

When

or

other

60

Hz,

chronizes

for

if

the

dc

position

reference
reodings.

the

ground

lhe

where

the

equipmenl

crc.powered

to

peok_to_peak

the

VOLTAGE/CM

2

scqle)

disploy

wirh

which

desired

p-roduces..or

develops

the

SYNC

syn_chionized

TVH

video

sync.

wqveforms.

TRIGGERING

qlso

is

wq

vef

orm.s-

in

the

observing.,woveforms

circuits-

use

the

rhe

frequency.

8.

Set

the

TRIGGERING

I^jl: :y""p

gorng

triggered
ing
sired

sync
::|::

nqls
observed,

q.

b.

position

9.

Set

wove,

by

o

relevisibn

to.

sync

pulses

vqries

rhe

polority.

or

occording

use

II

the

observed

ore

positive
produced.by-"_plog!fq
position

If

the

observed

the

ooing

oI

the

of

the

SWEEp

most

meqsurements qnd

point

component).

bolh

ond
(be.low

rip

prevent

cm

verticql

odjusting

sweep.

television

posilion

being

the

ony

5

is

required

1s

ground-

of

oI

the

ihe

woveform

WARNING

item.

should

to

6

cm

the

-on
The

presentJ

number

sufficient

switch

wiir,

wqvelorms

putses,

SOURCE
*h;

to

be

used

shou

posirio".

INT

is

required,

thot

LINE

sweep

con

posiiio;.

*tiil-ii;"

SLOPE

i"

b9

J9

qnd

to-

(-)

negoti""
coriposite-"i;U
the

sweep

the

ve-rticol

of

rhe
to

rhe

t"tior"i"q

sync

pulses

(upwora

TRIGGERINC

p}Ejg_"-_lrq_otive,

inlccnnlr,lE"SJtjiL*"_lcrr.

TIME/CM

meosured

tise

the

qc

component
time
Hz)

is

o"ty

required,

clip

the

Lquipment

pr;i;

under

use

dongerous

.voitoge

not

conhol

(tw;i;"i*

deflection.

screen

remoining

synchroniioiiori

c

stcble

of

leost

triggei

lg

to

"o-po"it"'rrideo

*]iti"""i

for

.t;;;;9

;;

ih.

-th.
to

r

J

b;

bc

q

wcrretoims.

I

-low

very

to

bL

*t

"r,

"r,"h

oI

the

-the

i.

is

to

is

qn

isolotion

electriccl

ot

exceed

4

will

steps

displcy;i;;I

q

torg.

test

il;;.rti;"j'iirijl-

signol

the

TW

sync

synchionized

iii;'R

switch
i*ro.r.tor*

triqqei

_;iJi,"i

Wil;-;n

use

the

EXT

i"-pl_",

be

"yrrJt"rorri""d
Tfi;;"ition

;;

lnp.rt

switch

r.,i;-s;,"j'ir'"

if-tne

qoi";';;Llio,

to

the

""ft"q.l,

"-6"p

;;;"is

the

horizontql

b[;ki;;"hes.

";;;;;ii"'"ideo

point

"i

ir;"d;;J,

or

blonking

tcc.

a.nd"ii""
ile

Siijpn

conrrol

8

ond

use

obseivl=J-fili

q

probe

point

be

tronsformer-

the

600

to

probobly

posnion

ih;;;;;:

"irirl

t6

_iri"i

"wlch.

must

incluJes

p;.;ii;io;

ond

the

freguencv

zero-sisnql
;;-f.;'d"

27

under

in

*"o"ur"J

trcns_

shock.

point

volts.

q

posilion
se[uqres

qre

con_

orra

"*LLp

Any

siq_

t;

"y"-

posifion

wqve-

pulses,

retevision

with

for

t7

to

rhe

l"i.rq

I[iJ

externql

;;;ii";:

circuits

with
syn-

po*.,

(*)

to

poslive

is

to

be

ob"rr*,-

il

is

de_

line

Be_

siq-

ili"

pulses

i"

(_)

rhe

(+)

rhe

VARI_

be

dc

to

test.

rhe

of

be

J

12.

ABLE/HOR
number
set

for

but

the
o proportionolely
This

is

the

sweep

NOTE:
low

repetition.,rqtesl
operote
imum.

mqy

qoes
erqtion

serving
tions
lwo.complete

verticql

10.

To
I:Ey_EL

Under

qppeqr

not

ond

The

TVH

lelevision

select

frqmes

synchronize

control

AUTO_position.
trol

14

qppeqrs.

ju:t

wise
pecrrs.
free.
too

(non-synchronized)

Il.

Step
mctic
the
sync

is

cose

TRIG
the
the

desired

gdjusJ

hos

one
wise
threshold

is

wise-

llfli"s.

tree-running,
rqnge
chronizqrion
presentotion.

l"_p:"d

inpur

However,

is
entire
eosy

For
Iorm,-pull

6.

This

(5X
portion
left

ctockwise,
center.
inwqrd
the

This

jitte-r.

of

lqr

clockwise,_qs

qssumes

l0

sync,

wqveform

trigger.

desired

in

viewing

TEVEL

AUTO

wcvel6rm qnd

time.

the

three

extreme

end,

level

sufficienr

extreme,

will

provides

upon

ond

the

.crilicol;

"center,,

to

attoin.

o

close-up

expqnds

of

center.

turn

on

the

outword

the

qnd

the

nor

mcaniiicotion)

-of

normql,

GAIN

of

wqveforms.

viewing

lrqce

becomes

becquse

repetition

When

with

the

qt

rn

ony

moy

ond

the

horizontql

t3_fully

counterclockwise

Now

turn

th-e-

-post
should

Do

wherein

is

If.

onother

qs

the

conrrol

only

o portion

_progress,"ely

smqller

ihe

writing

,or.

using

very

tt

e

intensity

these

conditions,

the

extreme

qf{ect

woy

be

disregorded.

TVV

pcsitions

video

correct

when

the-

Nexr

not

thot

qutomotilolly

sync

wqvelorms.

sweep

9

is

woveform,

""r"-[-f"lkwise

i"r"

the

STABILITy

point

provide

turn

ttre

it

will

mode.-

you

th'e

point

tiigger

where

predominont

These

'operotor'

lines

set

.,"iit-lt"

go

'-

sinusoidli

coitrol

posirion._Set

fe

cl,o"t*i"e''owcy

it

"

"""ii"iiy

"Lr.-rr,"i'ii'Jor,"

It_mqy_-qlso

STABr].tfy

genercl

no

ro

to

the

trqce.

is

rrigger

,,--oJ"";;

other.

i"

set

so_none

the-jync-

trissdr

unsynchroni

­ond.resulti

The

the.

setins

sertin-g

sweep.
turn

ro

the

control.

non-mognifi.a

pl9p9,

,rhe

boundories

strength

ot

.t i;"

it

oierotes

qreq

q"d

view

oI

on

s-w9ep

lhe

ond

ihe

view

control

be

co"tiot

iolr.i'

On

prod"".a,

rh"

;;;;p:'"ei

threshtli'is

rh.

;;;p;

zed

threshold

i"

thtl;;ired

of

ond

irre

rnlC

-dil4,girirv

pr;;;;ly

th;-p;;;;,,,

o portion

ir-p-OSliiON

the

by;?;;j.,

dilif"i"i"ri"rn"

To

;ie;-o;o,rtion

pO'Sfil6"rrf

.;

porlio;;-;ii.
iounterclockwise.

to

i"1"i"-

"""a-ijio"l

9

f.or

co.rtrol"

ot

portion

"il;J

io6"

lost
control

lelt

the

ifr.-

o

SfeBiLITy

intoo

--"Y

desire

bn

rs

increqses

"ot

sweep

*oy
toword

o retrqce

ol

the

oscilloscope

qre

ideql

time

or

two

to

CAi.

set

S-iennny-"o*

control

the

stobie

fre"-;;;i;

Y

to

seiectea

the

(os-is

wqves),

neclssory

ill-ir,i"

,otot.a

the

counterclock­io,

oiit.irrp,rt

*,.

so

i"."rri"j

niod

e.-

ftre'ce.r

this

center

type

of

isvei'"J;,irij.

over
setting

of

the

control

tli

sweep

the

desired

;"r';;

o

wqve{orm,

di;;e;-;;

disployJ

.fr""g..

speed

wish

mox_

,,pip,,

troce.

TIii"

for

Th;J;;-

to

the

lrqce

troce

wqveform

use

wqveform

often

iil

ob_

aisiky

complete

--"'.'-'"

TRIG

ro

the

dis-

clock-

recp

control

cuto_

point

of

os

the
the

iil;

trom

observing

or

rhe

to

re_

control

to_

-"fi"

tfr"

signol

ctock-

low

thot

ii'l

tel

Li

il;:

srable

rqnge

siqnol

conrrol

this

is

wcrve_
control
of

five
center
to

the

6

righr

of

push

ro

but

--'

op-

ot
to

CALIBRATED

Peok voltoges,

voltoges

ond

Iorm

ore eosily

oscilloscope.

l.

Adjust
ploy the

2. Be sure
Iully

3.

Set the VOLTAGE/CM
verticql
the limits

4. Reod
Irom the

be

reodjusted to
eqsier scqle
ing

trol 3 to

GND-DC

note

switch
dellec-ts

qnd

NOTE:
wqveforms
probe
looding

thqt

For

be

qnd

the

VOLTAGE

of o specilic portion

controls

wqveform

the verticql

clockwise

dellection

of the

qmounl

the

scole. The

voltoge,

o dc

o convenienl

switch

qmount

the

ploced

is

upword

downword

qccurote

on

qbove

used in

thqt

height

ol

MEASUREMENT

peok-to-peok

qnd

occurqtely

previously

os

to be meqsured.

VARIABLE

to the

reqding

lor

5 MHz,

the

the

the

CAL

control 4

possible

verticql

ol verticql

POSITION

+

shilt

the reference

if desired.

odjust

reference
lO in
the trqce

oscilloscope

the GND

in

the

lor o positive

l0:l position

pottern

DC

o negotive

disploy

ii is-

voltoges,

o{ o complex

meosured

instructed

control

position.

for the

without

scqle.

dellection

control

When

pOSITION

rhe

I

with

position,

is

dellected

position.

voltoge

voltoge

oI high-Irequency

import-ont

tb

reduce

controls

does

not exceed

dc voltoges

wove-

this

on

to dis-

is set

5

lorgest

exceeding

(in

cm)

moy

3

point

for

meosur-

con-

the

AC-

then

when

input-.

thot

circuit

be

trqce

input

set

4

cen-

the

thl

so

The

timeters

CALIBRATED

Pulse width,
oll other
occurotely

time
microsecond

the

ever, the
to
ning
to

qnd

Cqlculqte
Multiply
VOLTAGE/CM
in Figure
disployed

qctuql-

is set lor l0:l
disployed
meqsurement.

Colibrqtion
be occqsionolly
peok-to-peg\
the
should

need

"MAINTENANCE
of the

entire
right
spot.

voltoge

CALI

for recolibrqtion

mqnuql

wqveform

meqsured

meqsurements

wqvelorm

bright

qcross

ond

ending

thct the

the voltoge

the

verticdl

4).

Don't

on the

qttenuqtion.

when

occurocy

squqre

l_jock

reqd

exqctly

Ior

TIME

wovelorm

(7,S)

ore

spot

the

points

trqce

be centered
reoding

dellecti5n

control

oscilloscope

being

the probe

cheiked

MEASUREMENT

time

on'this

from

possible.

is not

cqn

screen

4

lorget

21.

ond CALIBRATION"
complete

settinq

thot the

meosured

of

wove signol

volts

5

periods,

durqtions

5

visible

be

which

of the

is onlylTtOtn

The

is set

the

oscilloscope

by

observing

This

cqlibroted

peok-to-peok.

is

indicoted,

procedures.

circuit

oscilloscope.

secondi

At low

qt

seen

movinq

mqkes

meosurement

verticqlly.

os lollows:

(in

cm)

(see

ioltoge

when

qctual

qre

one

exq;nple

the probe

voltqqe

{or

the

ovoiloble

deloys

eqsilv

Cqli6roted

down

sweep

time.

from

the

by the

reoding

tfre

DIRECT

moy

S vol't

ot

source

II

see

the

section

ond
qnd

to

speeds,

How-

lelt

beqin-

eisy

is

o

.l

.}POSITION

TOP OF

VERTICAL

ANO

EASE

eosrrroN

I

SO

THAT

FORM

A

ALIGNS

HORIZONTAL

CONTROL

WAVEFORI'I

SCALE
OF READING

ADJUSTEO

CROSSES

MARKER

FOR

p

@

@
@

coNTROL ADJUSTEo

EOTTOM

EXACTLY WITH

WAVE-

OF

REFERENCE

SO

THAT

CENTER OF

ACCURACY

VOLTAGE/CM
set

VARIAELE

TO

LINE

to .02U

CAL

SET

EXAMPLE

VERTICAL

DEFLECTION
VOLTAGE,/CM

PROBE

PEAK.TO.PEAK

PROBE

ATTENUATION

WAVEFORM

ATTENUATION

=

4.2cm

-

.vz

. oStN

0.84v

l0

t0

Figure

4.

Typicol

Voltoge

Meqsurement

l.

Adjust
stqble

Be
fully

Set
lorgest
ment to be

If necessqry, reodjust
STABILITY
stqble disploy.

Reod the

5.

between
POSITION control 6
one
scqle mqrker lor

b.

Colculqte the time durction
Multiply the horizontol dellecton
SWEEP
in

ficqtion

to obtqin the

Time

7.

This
The
circuit

controls crs

disploy

sure the VARIABLE/HOR

clockwise

SWEEP TIME/CM

the

possible

meqsured,

controls 13 ond

qmount

the

meqsurement

the

of

TIME/CM control S setting

Figure

5).

is used, the result must be divided

meqsurements

is especiolly

sweep is stqrted

ond the wqveform

previously

oI the desired

CAL

to the

display oI

usuclly

the TRIG

horizontql dellection

of

points

eqsier

Remember, when the 5X mcgni-

qctuql

meqsurement.

of

moy

reading.

time durqtion.

often

true when

by a sync

described

wqveform.

GAIN control

position.

conlrol 8

wqveform seg'

the

one cycle.

LEVEL

14 for the

reodjusted

be
points

with c

qs

follows:

(in

cm) by

(see

require

meqsured in c

externcl sync.

meosuring

signol

for cr

9 is

the

for

qnd

most

(in

cm)

<>

The

to

clign

verticql

the

exqmple

by

deloys.

from one

subse'

5

EXTERNAT

For some

dellection signcl

guent
deloy

quent

circuit. This

between

woveform.

qllows

the sync

To

ments using externol

meqsurement

pulse
perlorm
sync, use

the

of

cnd the subse-

meqsure-

such

the lollowing

steps:
c. Set the

the EXT
Connect o leod from

b.

jock
short

c. Set

the

TRIGGERING SOURCE

position.

| 5 to the

shielded

the TRIGGERING SLOPE switch 16

proper polcrity

source

cable.

(*)

the EXT SYNC/HOR

sync signol. Use

oI

or

switch

(-)

for the sync

17

signcl.
Reodjust the TRIG LEVEL ond STABILITY

d.

controls

ond 14, iI necesscny,

13

for

c stcble

wqveform.

Ior

qs

to

it

exlernql

sync.

for

the

e. Set the SWEEP

TIME/CM

control 8

other time meqsurements. Do not set

position.

EXf
horizontql

dellection,

This

position

not

exlernql

is

f. If meosuring a deloy, meqsure the time from

the stcrt

oI the sweep

to

the stqrt ol the wqve-

form.

HORIZONTAT

meqsurements,

is required. This

INPUT

qn

exlernql

moy be cr

horizontql

sinu'

to

q

to

DISPLAYS

AT

GRID

.}POSITiON

THAT

FORM

SHOW

OF

HORIZONTAL

CONTROL

EEGiNNING

ALIGNS

REFERENCE LINE.

NOT BE VISIBLE

MY
FAST
ALIGN

PULSES;

b/HEREVER WAVEFORM

GINS.

TYPICAL

ADJUSTED

EOGE OF

WITH A

NOTE:

IN THIS

WAVEF

ORM

PUT

O['T

TUBE

SO

WAVE-

VERTICAL

EOGE

ON VERY

CASE

BE.

HORIZONTAL

OEFLECTION

.3

cm

SL0PE

(to

negative-going

set to

start

sweep on

edge)

feosrrloN

THAT

TRAILING

CROSSES HORIZONTAL

ACCURACY ANO

FOR

P

E

SI.JE

set

T rt41/cA

to

VARIABLE/HOR
set

to

EXAHPLE:

HORIZONTAL

swEE P

TIHE

(or

PERI0D)

coNTRoL

AoJUSTED

EDGE OF

|

Opsec

GAIN

CAL

OEFLECTION

IME,/Ct't

T

OURATION

wAVEF0RH

0F

so

WAVEFORI'I

I

0uSE

5pse

|'tARKER

C

c

SCALE

EASE OF REAOING

:

6,35cn

53 .

i

Figure

Typiccl Time Meqsurement

5.

FREQUENCY

=

J­T

IHE

=

;6'oobffi

15,7

I

50

ll

Hz

soidol
or on exlernol
must be obout 250 millivolts

(usuolly
sotisloctory

input,

Z.AXIS INPUT

sity moduloted

time-scole morkers
peok

wove, such os used lor

sweep voltoge. This input

volts

2

results).

use the

l. Set the

position.

2. Connect the
through o coble to

3. Adj"; the omount
the VARIABLE'HOR
odjusts the

4.

All sync
effect.

The trqce

or

SWEEP

conlrols

disployed

greqter

more peok-to-peok

or

Iollowing procedure:

To use on externql horizontol

TIME,/CM

externql

goin

ol
qre

(Z-oxis

ore required.

signol

the

oI horizontol

the

on the screen moy

input) where

phose

per

control 8

horizontol

EXT

GAIN control 9, which

horizontql omplilier.

disconnected

opplied

meqsurement,

cm of

siqnol

/HOR

SYNC

dellection with

frequency
A 30-volt
ot the

voltoge

dellection

provide

will

to

the

source

jock

ond hqve

be inten-

peok-to-

INi'

APPLICATIONS

TELEVISION SENVICING

A triggered sweep oscilloscope is odvontogeous
in servicing ond
oscilloscope
incorporoied to moke television servicing

oligning television receivers. This

olso includes severql leqtures thot were

eqsier

EXT

15.

no

or

MOD

qnd

,

\

l

t

\-/

Figure

{intensitv
oscilloscbpe
blonkinq oI the troce.

more comprehensive.

r Sync. seporotor

or
observing
video.

6. Oscilloscope Troce with Z-oxis Input
modulqtion)

will proviie

qnd

(horizontol)

TVH

verticolly

-\

,

t

,

(See

These Ieqtures

sync to trigger the sweep Ior

\

2?

iock

olternrrte brightness ond

Fiqure f .)

selection ol TVV

or horizontqlly synchronized

I

on

a

\

I

.'he

reor oI lhe

include:

(verticcl)

T

V

IOEO

DETECTOR

COL
BURST

HOR

IZONTAL

SYNC

HOR

BLANK

PULS E

OR

PULSE

IZONTAL

ING

VIDEO

__J

TVH

INT

a

CAL

TVH

AC

AUT0

TELEV

IS

ION

SET

Figure

7.

Horizontql r

Composite Video

Sig

as ol

ol

o Sweep

horizontol lines

in the

TIME/CM
r Vector
r Wide

pulse
o High impedonce

(l8pF)

ciobly lood circuit,

wqvelorms.

SIGNAL
VOLTAGE

For
bles
electronic

scope

visuol

signols.
to trqce o signol
the signol
the signol
signol disoppeors. When this
oI trouble

However,

mere presence

the

peok-to-peok

o

speed

TVH ond TVV

overloy

bondwidth for high

presentqtion.

probe

TRACING AND PEAK.TO-PEAK

generol troubleshooting

in television

equipment

is on

disploy

This method

hqs been

qutomqticqlly

two verticol lrqmes

or

control.

lor

(in

READINGS

receivers

indispensible instrument'

ol obsence

by meosuring
poth. As meqsurements
poth. o point

the oscilloscope

or

voltoge meqsurement

positions

color demodulotor checks.

(10

megohm),

l0:l position)

shilt lrequency,

for

thot

or

(signol

moy

locoted.

qbsence

shows much more thon

set to disploy two

video

of

of the SWEEP

resolution

ond

(or

slmost ony

mqtter), the
presence

trocing)

severol

be found

hoppens, the source

of signol.

video

low copocitonce

does not

isolqtion

It

moy be used

proceed olong

of

qppre-

or distort

of trou-

other

oscillo-

provides

normql

oI

points

where the

provides

It
the signol.

and

in

The

cquse of
by moking such
The schemotic
dqtq on the
cludes wqvelorm pictures.
include
peok-to-peok

voltoge
shown on the wqvelorm pictures.

reoding should
in the suspected

qs

to

smqll

moking peok-to-peok

qiven

eorlier

UREMENT porogroph.

COMPOSITE

o

Probobly the

sion servicing

sisting

the

ond
oscilloscope
signols synchronized with horizontol sync

qnd

verticql
con be observed
receiver to
ing

normolly.

oppeqrcrnce

various

of

poor performonce

peok-to-peok
diogrom

eguipment being serviced

lhe required

voltoge.

reodings on

be followed

qn qreq

in the

VIDEO WAVEFORM ANATYSIS

the video signol,

oI

pulses.

sync

trqces when

sync

determine

Knowledge

oI

qbnormql

q

sweep

circuits

os

CALIBRATED

most imporont

is the

Figures 7 ond 8

pulses.

qt

vqrious circuits of the television

whether circuits ore

normql

wqveforms

voltoge

qccomponying

or

These wqveform pictures

time

Compore

the oscilloscope

by odditionol

until the trouble

possible.

voltoge

composite

the

observing composite

Composite video signols

of wqvelorm mokeup, the

wqveform,

cqn olten be

meqsurements.

qnd

the

Any

procedures

The

meosuremenls

VOLTAGE

wqvelorm in televi-

wqve form con-

blqnking

qnd

the techniciqn

help

locoted

service

usuolly

the

peck-to-peok

with

obnormol

is isoloted

pedestols

show

the ccruses

in-

normql

those

reodings

lor

ore

MEAS-

typicol

video

pulses

perform-

l
I

I

I

I

l

Figure 8. Verticql

Composite

of

Video

DETE CT

Frqmes

Signol

VIDEO

OR

VERT

ICAL

SYNC

RJ

LSE

VIDEO

JV'"

co

VERT

EIAN

ICA
KI

L

NG

n

t@t

o

o

CAL

AC

AUTO

l3

CIRCUIT

F ECT

DE

HORI

ZONTAL

PULSE

DISTORTION

OVERALL

FREQUENCY

RECEIVER

RESPONSE

EtrFECT

ON

PICTURE

NORl\,l,AL

OF HIGH

NCY

QUE

E

IT

C IRCU

LOSS

RE

F

S PONS

RE

EXCESSIVE HIGH

FREQUENCY

SPoNSE,
LINEAR
SH

IFT

LOSS

FRE

QU

RES

RE-

N0N-

PHASE

OF

LOW

E

NCY

PONSE

Figure

Anolysis of

9.

J 1 -

Pulse

Sync

Distortion

PICTURE

NORMAL

PIC-

OF

LOSS

TURE

DETAIL

FINE VERTICAL

BLACK &

WHITE

STRIATIONS FOL.

SHARP

LOWING
CHANGE IN

TURE

CHANGE IN
DING

PICTURE

A

PIC-

SHADING

SHA-

OF

I.ARGE

AREAS;
SMEARED PIC­TURE

locqte
should
known
wqvelorm

composite

cedure:

ond

study

to be

set up

To

]. Tune

2. Set

3.

4.

q

the
sync or
tiie SWEEP
zontol
viewing.

Set

With the

AUTO,

the

Set
the
ground clip

ihossis.

oI the

tip

Set the

dellection

cql

the TRIGGERING

Set

II the sync

o.

served

switch

If the sync ond

b.

tive, use the

correct

ot

video

the

SYNC

line

the TRIGGERING

odiust

AC-GND-DC

probe

VOLTAGE'CM

mqny

wqveforms

such
in

vorious

the

televison

TVV

TRIG

With

probe

operoting

good

viewing or

to the

video signol

position.

points

oscilloscope

wq.teforms,

set io

switch
{or

TIME/CM control

the

ol

without

to TVH

verticql

LEVEL

INTENSITY

V INPUT

probe to the

the

probe set ot

the

to the

blonking

ond

blonking

(')

switch

switch

problems'

in

in the

for

use
q

to TVV

SOURCE

control

video detector

control

going-off scole.
SLOPE

ore

The technicion

q

television

condition,

video

viewin-q television

the lollowing

locql chqnnel.

for horizontol

sy-nc-.

pulse

to TVH

verticql

lor

switch

initiolly

for q trqce.

AC ond

to

jock.

l0:1, connect

lor

switch

pulses

positive, use the

pulses

Position.

receiver

noting-the

omplilier.

pulse

Also set

for hori-

frqme

to INT.

set to

connect

Connect

television

output.

qs

ol

qre

verti-

lollows:

the

negcr-

lorgest

pro-

the

set

the

ob-

(-)

NORMAL

PULSE

SYNC

SYNC

PULSE

COMPRESS ION

CAUSED BY

IMITiNG

L

ITEr

ION

BY

Figure

I

' rwH

SAURAT
CAUSED

IMITING

L

10. Sync

Pulse

Wovelorms

l4

8. Turn

9. Adjust

10.

l.

I

SYNC

The i-f

cqn

the

STABILITY control
until no sweep oppeors.
STABILITY
reqppeors. This should
wovelorm

brightness

view q specific postion

To
qs

the color burst,
TION control for 5 x mqqnilicotion. Rotote the
sqme control
portion

Composite video wovelorms moy be
othef
probe
VOLTAGE CM control setting os required to
keep

by

ond
mqintoin
served wqveform moy
ing from
fore, it is importont
chronizotion oI the observed woveform­obtoined il

qs

used

PULSE ANALYSIS

ompli{ier response o{ q television receiver

be evoluoted

setting

presentotion,

INTENSITY

qnd

ol the wovelorm to be viewed.

points

the

on the

tip to those points

disploy within the limits

recdjusting the STABILITY control to

stobilizqtion. The

one monitoring point to

the TRIGGERING SLOPE switch is

outlined in

(clockwise)

focus.

best

pull

lelt

or righl to

video

preceding

to some

qnd

outword on

be reversed when

to remember thqt

extent

counterclockwise

Finolly, increqse lhe

the sweep

until

provide q very stoble

FOCUS for

the wqveform, such

ol

circuits by moving the

by

the

select the

checked ot

qnd

chonging the

of

polority

Porcgroph

of the ob-

qnother;

cqrelul observq-

desired

<>

POSI-

desired

the

scole,

mov-

there-

best syn-

7.

is

tion of
peorqnce

the i-f

typicol wqveform
ompli{ier response
pulse

negolive

shown in Figure

VITS

test signol

tool in troubleshooting
This VITS
i-l or video sections
moy be
how to onolyze
o{

ing intervol.
o
when the verlicql
view the verticql
internql
cuit

specific
shown
use

the horizontcl

the

of

sync

omplilier

wovelorm

limiting

ffERTICAt

Mosl network television signols contqin o

the

The VITS is

bright

must

The trqnsmitted VITS

the

(the

cqn

required. The following

VITS.

white line

retrqce

be disqbled

frequency,

Figures

in

precision

bondposs chqrocteristics. Some
symptoms

qre

distortions

in i-l overloqd conditions

10.
INTENVAT TEST SIGNAL)

VITS)

locqlize

ond interpret oscilloscope disploys

trqnsmitted during the verticql blqnk-

On the television

lineority or height is odjusted to

blonking

blonking circuits, the

omplitude',

ll

ond

signols lor

pulse woveform.

sync

pulse wovelorm is

qnd

their relotion

indicqted

thqt cqn

ond

trouble

qnd

shows when reolignment

qbove

intervql

to see the VITS).

is

12.

in Figure 9. Sync

produced

servicing television sets.

to the

set,

the top

q precision

The television networks

odjustment

by

be o very vqluqble

qntennq,

procedures

it

cqn be seen os
of

(on

qnd

wqveshope

The op

offected by

to i-l

positive

the

TV

sets with

blonking cir-

sequence

qnd

or

qre

built-in

tuner,

show

picture,

oI

os

check-

F

IE

LD

I

WH

ITE

FLAG

'i,

Itirltirl'

MULTI-BURST

\

I

I

HORIZ

PUL

SE S

STA IRCASE

3

S

INE.SQI'ARE

BE

/(MY

/

/ /,WIND0W

,/I

TNTERCHANGE0)

SYNC

.

58MHz

D PULSE

PULSE

t
t

HOR

IZ BLANKING

PE

r.lt-trrE

BLA.K

STA

DE

L

FIELD

2

Figure

ll. VITS

Signol,

Field

I

ond

Field

2

t5

ing

of network

niciqn con

Iormonce.
begins with
wove

Irequencies

3.6
{requencies
of lield
burst.
tion thot

second

c.ontoins

the
lighier
hove

television
so thot
Iollowed
botlom
the

Eoch
ot
strengths
essed
response

Set

L

(3.58

MHz,

#2

This

con be

frome

the

stoircose

shoding,

less

line

by line

of the

first

line

ol

equol

o{

through

ol

up the

Connect

slrength-

tronsmission

use

them

The

iirst

"llag"

o

of 0.5 MHz,

MHz),

is

colled

(line

279)

multi-burst

most voluqble

ol the

sine-squored

oI 3.58

volue

screen,

the

are voluqble
to the

field

17

is followed

280.

verticol

ol video.

multi-burst

these

lrequencjes

the

television

the

set

is

oscilloscope

the

probe

to

evqluqte

lrome

ol white

ond 4.2

"multi-burst".

the

olso

contqins

portion

(lines

VITS

pulse.

MHi

bursts

techniciqn.

#l is

by line

The

entire

blonking

frequencies

By

observing

checked.

qs

follows

(set

ot

equipment,

television

of the

video,

1.5

MHz.

ol
to the

interlqced

qftei

receiver,

l0:l)

Iollowed

MHz,

This

qn

the VITS

technicion.

l8

ond

window

ot

to

the

As

2Zg

VITS

pulse

the

the

to

to the

VITS

2MHz,3MHz,

The lirst

identicql

progressively

ond

qppeqrs

ond

is
signoi

the

view

but

the tech-

per-

set

0ine - 17)

by

sine

sesuence

frqme

multi-

por-

is

the

which

on the

line

lg

qt

before

proc-

is

the

VITS:

output

The

ond

280),
pulse

netiryork,

seen

with lield

just

tronsmitted

compqrqtive

frequlncy

but

#2

the

oI

of

is

the video
the video

2.

If the

blonking
meqsurement.

a

Set
sweep
ticql

4.

Ploce
CAL position.

Reduce
meter
s.witch.
the sweep
gppeqr
disploy.

b.

Fur.ther.
cqtion
trol).
counterclockwise

llrq_igtt.
NOTE:

ploy

repetition
riod),
mognified

television

up the

time

frqmes

the

sweep

(.1

This

to the

ex-pond

(pull

Rotqte

until

The

will

the

detector
section

circuit,

oscilloscope

VARIABLE,/HOR.

ms/CM)

speed.

outword

brightness

be

rqte is

writing

five

or other

ol

set

byposs

qs

previously

will

be visible.

time

exponds

right

the

the <>

direction,

the

exponded

reduced

only-60

speed

times).

the

hqs

to .l

with

the
The
on the

sweep

on

POSITION

level
becquse,

is 20 psec/cm

desired

television

q

verticql

this

circuit

lor

TVV

described.

GAIN

millisecond

the

SWEEP

disploy

VITS

informotion

exponded

with

the <>

Hz

the

POSITION-con-

movinq

VITS

of

the

(o

16,000

point

test

set.

retrqce

during

qnd

sync

control

by increosing

5X mognifi-

conlrol

the

ippecrs.

signol

qltholqh

TVV

Two ver-

in the

per

centi-

tIME,,CM

wovelorm

in

trqce

l,sec.

(.1

ms/cm

in

the

wil-l

o

ro

dis-

the
pe-

u,otl\

521

WH I TEJ
BLACKI

i

rG

I

I
I

i

5?2

\/

HORIZ.

SYNC.

BorToM

OF

PICTURE

rer

5?4

525

FIELD

FIELD

EQUALIZING

PULSES

I

#f

#2

266

----r----I

VERT|CAL

sYNc

EeuALrzrNG

WINDOW

SINE-

SQUARED PULSE

MULI-BURST

WHITE FLAG

WH ITE

?67 268

269

t___1

I

PULSES

PULSE

__l

-r

| |

ltl

rt

FLAGI

I

?74

?79

I

I

MU

E

2AO

TOP

-PICTURE

-

LTI

BURST

I

RCA

STA

2Al

OF

SE

242

l6

Figure

VERTICAL

12.

Verticol

BLANKING

Blonking

Intervql

INTERVAL

showing

VITS

Signol

qs

VITS

Figure

line

13.

13.

For

pulse

17

Figure

7.

The wovelorm should
in
verticql sync
cquses
superimposed,
multi-burst
the trqce.

signols

However, lines 18

seen on

be similor to

the oscilloscope

stqrts q new

ond line 279

qs qre

lines l8 ond 280. The

qre

identicql which reinlorces

identicql and both signols ore
over eoch other. This should
lem, since the multi-burst is

interest.

oI

5

o

Osciiloscope

thqt shown

disploy, eqch

sweep. This

(multiburst)

280

ond

to be

qre

not

superimposed

present

no

prob-

noimqlly the signol

Now to onolyze

the multi-burst

the wovelorm.

qre

trcnsmitted

should not be equolly

to its response curve.

due

response lor o

sired
identifying
showing the
eqch.
ence

eoch lrequency of

qllowoble

Remember thot

voltoge

(the

2.0 MHz modulqtion

coupled through

Figure 14

good

color

qmount

-6

dB equols

All Irequencies oI

qt

the sqme

level, but

the

shows

television

the multi-burst

of ottenuqtion

holf the refer-

should

receiver

the

receiver,

qnd

used lor re{erence).

To locqlize

video detector. This will

the
point

either

is

Lurst
other chonnels. If some chonnels
others do not,
system troubles. Don't
ontennq
on some chonnels.
video

detector

in

cbly

qnother

As

q

set

on the bench with c very

trouble, stort by observing the VITS ot

locolize trouble

belore or

normol ot

qlter

the

the detector. If the multi-

detector,

check the VITS on

look

you probobly

system

on

cousing

If

qll

chonnels, the

hove tuner or ontenno-

overlook

"holes"

the VITS is

the

chqnce ol the

or tilted response

qbnormoi

trouble is

the i-I omplifier stqges.

qssume

exomple,

let

us

thot we

poor picture.

to

okoy but

ut the

prob-

hcve

Our

oscilloscope shows the VITS ot the video detector

qbout

be
low compored to
gests
ping
ccrrier

normql

trop

on i-f

lrequencies

out

frequency.

except thct

the bursts on either side. This sug-

is detuned into the

qbout

Switch
inq VITS. If the sqme
ing is right,
ment.

the poor

If

cnd the i-f

response

other chqnnels, moybe
put

is

misqdjusted,

nel. Other traps

ccusinq o bite

qt

the input

lorly be misodjusted

II

the VITS response

mol

for

qmplifier.
resistors,

oll chonnels,

Look lor

solder bridges

the

open

the burst

2 MHz

qnother

to

thing is seen, then our reqson-

omplifier requires reolign-

ol 2 MHz is not

FM

on

trop

oI

or foulty.

the

ot

detector output is

trouble will

peoking

qcross

loil potterns,

qt

MHz

2.0

pclssbond,

below

the

chop-

picture

chonnel cqrry-

seen

the tuner in-

ot

on only one chqn-

the

set could

simi-

nor-

the

be in

video

coils, off-vqlue

etc.

de-

for

be

q

to

is

on

(D
!30

I
tr,l
at

z
o

$oo

UJ
G

Figure

FREOUENCY-MHz

14. Color TV I-F Amplilier
Response

Cwve

VECTORSCOPE

Performqnce testing
circuils
using the

in

vectorscope

OPERATION

cnd adjustment oI the

color television receivers is

operction
The cdditional equipment
generotor.

The

B & K

color bor

suited.

First

the horizontql

loscope must

l. Remove

vector
retoining

scqle

2.

Connect the color bcn
set

3. Adjust
controls to

4.

Set

be

the lineqr

overloy

nuts

qs

in Figure 42).

tune in the

ond

the

mid-rcnge.

the SWEEP

and

eguolized

scqle ond replcce it

(Simply

qnd

television

TIME/CM

lift

color bcn

position.

5. Connect the

qnd

tqcle

probe

qnother

coble

coqxiql

of the oscilloscope.

needed is

generotors

verticcrl

(See

gcin

Figure l5).

remove the

off the bezel

generctor

to

pcttern.

set's hue

control

to the V INPUT

or shielded

simplified by

q

color

cre ideclly

of the oscil-

with the

four bezel

qnd

lineqr

the television

qnd

brillionce

to the

recep-

test

color

bqr

i

EXT

leqd

17

VERT.

HOR.

c o

3

rrr

COLOR

8AR

OR

ERAT

N

GE

Figure 15. Equolizing Horizontol

to the
probes
usuolly the
element,
driven element is the element to which the
output signol

Adjust

to obtqin
imotely lills the vector
is now set up

7.

For vectorscope presentqtion,
horizontql
blue gun.
type
turer.
ploys
tems
drive

EXT

SYNC/HOR

to the driven element

grid. If

then connect

oI the color omplilier is opplied.)

verticol

the

q

compressed

probe

The color

given

os

Figures

obtoined lor

qnd

90

or cothode

qnd

vectorscope

lor

to the

by the

16A

through

sets using 105

degree

drive.

jock.

the cqthode is the driven

to

horizontol
45o pottern

overloy. The oscilloscope

driven

vector pqttern

television set mqnuloc-

systems with

Connect boih

the red

ol

the

cqthode.

goin

thot

operotion.

merely

D show typicol

move

element of the

is the

degree sys-

either

qnd

gun,
(The

controls

opprox-

the

sqme

dis-

grid

EXT

Verticql Gqin

NOTE: II the
burst will
rotqte the vector overloy l80o
on the
the vector

The vector
ment
TV set.
with the
controls. He
control will
position.
the petols

the petols

ol

sets will hqve
The
their

lor

Vectorscope Operction

picture

qppeqr

right side. The

overloy.

disploy

the functions

ol

The servicemon

effect on the

should observe

vory the

The hue

but not their

but

q

more

tqble

below lists

effect

on the

on the right

control

not

pottern.

PICTURE

tube uses cqthode

side ol the screen.

so the BURST

bors will

color

provides

of the

pottern

size of the petols

their omplitude.
elipticol pottern

some

q

demodulqtors in

should fomiliqrize

produced

thot the

chonges the position

omplitude. Lostly, 105'

common troubles

very

then

quick

color

TUBECHASSIS

drive, the

lqbel is

olign with

meosure-

q

color

himsell

by the

but not their

Lostly,

thqn 90o

color

qmplitude

105"

sets.

]ust

of

qnd

l8

R-Y

@

o

o

ICTURE TUBE

RED
B

LUE

GREEN

L

---t-

GRID

DRIVE

a

'Ttt'?

i

CHASSIS

OR D iSPLAY:

VECT

R-Y

l-------

lll\

I'-­at- |

IIE.FT ]
G'

va

COLOR

GENERATOR

BAR

YS

FOR

PICTURE TUBE

90O

-

-

(R -Y)

IR-

Y'

ODE

CATH

DR IVE

CATH ODE

.DR

I VE

\

TROUBLE

Loss oI color
Overlooding o{

omplifiers unbolonced

Color

weqK.

or

Lqck ol Rcnge ol

Demodulotor out of

The vector

oI the color sets hue control.

the R-Y petal

rotqte
center of
ticol. If
oscillotor.
coupled to the demodulotors.

A

slight touch up of this trqnslormer is

necessqry

tion. Do

sync.

color

ompliliers.

Hue

Control.

Aliqnment.

displcy cqn

the hue
it

not ottempt to mqke

control the

is

not, locqte the CHROMA reference

In

most sets this

to bring the

be

used

qbout

It should

the verticol oxis. At

R-Y

oscillqtor

petol

R-Y

ony odjustments on the

Figure

16. Vectorscope Operotion

EFFECT ON PAITERN

Petols of
Petols ore crushed or
Flower

R-Y

be verticql.

Angle betlveen

petol
ificqtion
ilicotion.)

to check the ronge

be

petol

should be ver-

is trqnsformer

to o verticol pos!

pottern

pqttem

petol

cqnnot

not to mqnufqcturer's spec-

(90o

possible to

thqt is

oll

will rotqte.

very elipticol.

be mode

R-Y

105" Generol

or

chromcr bondposs
by o sweep generotor

the

oligned

disploy
Follow the
locote the proper

simply

B.Y.

llcttened.

to

qnd

petol

Spec-

just

by

II the set hos

cqn

odjust for the

EFFECT ON T.V.
Vorying
Color Distortion
Color Distortion

Hue

Ilesh-tones

B-Y

qlso

mqnulqcturer's

Wrong

ompliliers.

q

vector

odjustoble

be used Ior demodulotor oliqnment.

coils cnd instecrd

correct ongle between R-Y clnd

Colors

control won't

colors

This omplilier is

qnd

cqnnot

disploy.

demodulqtors

olignment

odjust

in generol

procedure

counting

of

oligned

be

the vector

lo

bors

l9

TELEVISION

ALIGNMENT

INTRODUCTION

Alignment
circuits
osilloscope,
pieces
erotors
mqrker
The
o
oscilloscope of the type
books
ment instructions
in

this oscilloscope ond the B d K

erqtor.
qll

voltoges, oll from
ercting
instrument results

ticulor television set. follow the mqnufqcturer's
structions. However,
instructions tell
sweep-{requency

loscope in television
the sweep generotor
Ior olignment should
mqnuqls for those

NOTE:
olignment, we recommend the
the B d K Model 415

"hondbook

only the
the how
ment in
erqtors, this book provides
sights ond tips thot will moke
more
to-understqnd step-by-step

"how
your

IMPORTANCE

dition of the tuner, i-f
television receiver is
signol

of o
itive rqte. As
tuned portions
goin
Becquse
tuned
tion
demoduloted
served, the goin
point

in

oI test equipment required

for video
generqtors,

sweep

bondposs

qnd

Figure

ideol

The

The B d K

necessqry sweep rqnges, mqrkers

procedure

For

complete olignment instructions

In this mqnuql.

For

procedures

cnd

generol.

professionql.

to clign" textbook.

B d K distributor

The most

which

given

ond bondposs

the signol is

circuits to

hqs the

con be

Figure

17 shows the

tuners,

of

television receivers

such

generotor

response curve

in the

l7).

instruments for television

comprehensive

o

oI television

why

OF SWEEP

ropid woy to determine

sweeps

television

this

of the

qnother

proper

qt

certoin

ond

determined.

the video i-f strip,

qs

this

sweep. i-f sweep

dc biqs

method

television set mqnufqcturer's

(typicol

Sweep/Mqrker Generotor provides

instrument.

one

ond

precision

in

the following

how

lo

olignmenl.

only the

is emphosized.

qnd

be

instruments.

Sweep/Mqrker
lor

qnswers qbout

Even if you

The mony illustrctions

or the

qnd

provide

to

through

chonnel

signol

receiver,

properties

chqnneled

chqrqcteristics.

bqndwidth

requires c high

instrument.

supplies ond

of
on the screen

olwoys shown

response curves

cqlibroted

use

proper

other eguipment required

provided

onolysis oI

instruction

olignment"

using the instrument,

use other sweep

vqluoble procedures,

clignment

opproach

Copies

foctory.

ATIGNMENT

chromq

q

the

qt q

processed

is

of

it is importqnt

points

sweep

ond the

signal with

olignment disploys

Sweep/Mqrker

olignment.

the

cne cvqilqble from

constqnt-qmplitude

is

it
the various

from one

properties

qnd

chromq

quclity

The cdditionql

qre

sweep

ond r-I sweep,

q

VTVM.

of the

in theory

qre

shown

olignment

ond dc bics

The simplilied

qccurqcy

generol

oscilloscope for

use

Proper use

in

the instruction

Generotor.

includes not

television

quolify

the

porlions

entire

controlled, repet-

shcrped by the

thqt

II the signcl is

envelope

of the

oI

ecch

of the

television

mqnuql lor

but oll

eqsier

ond ecsy-

it cs the

overcll con-

of the

bondwidth

through the

sections.

series of

eqch sec-

to

up

bqsic re-

gJen-

olign-

cre

Gen-

op-

pcn-

in-

set-up

oscil-

of

This

clign-

gen-

in-

cnd

ob-

thqt

sponse
bondposs

cre opproximctely
ilqr to lhe
puts
demodulqted
loscope. Becquse
tuner response

the importonce
chromo frequencies
sponse
improper
omplitude

qnd

q
vision

of the
through
tuner
to the
signcl
frequency
with
the chromq
penscte
teristic
tckeoff
bondposs
ceiver.

gppet

4.08 MHz
Figure
versus--fr_eguency_-chorocteristic
tion
combining
sponse

9y91o_l!__respollg _i1- lhe

(3.08
opplied

response

curve.

specilied
procedures.
chromq
odjustment

SWEEP

termining

qn
terminqls.

terminqls.
cpplicotion
outputs
served
mqnufqclurer's

the
i-f

curves

circuits

of the vqrious

Some

reference

curve.

i-f

this

in turn

Notice
constqnt-qmplitude

Alignment

The best

The techniciqn

response

thot the

spectrum.
chromq inlormqtion

the tuned.

qnd

iI cmplifiers.

overqll i-f

inlormqtion

rqnge

reipect

Ior

of the

coil

cmplilier

The

end

17.

oI the

of the

MHz

to 4.08

to the

indicoted

qs

tokeoff

ALIGNMENT

which

r-I sweep

of the i-f

on

receiver

the

of

below

curves thct

ond the

of the relqtive

is

leost

frequencies
proper

oI

This

olignment

cnd shope

qf{ects

chromq

Notice thct

circuits

response

(4.08

to the

lrequency

this frequency-versus-omplitude

overqll i-I

is

used

chromq

of the

ond

overqll i-f

the

The

The

chromo frequency

provides

This

compensotes

response

chromc

MHz).

bondposs

of the
q

sepcnqte

I!

other

coil

of the

bcndposs

method oI

sioges

frequency

qqc

agc

bios

of

cnd

qn

oscilloscope

recommended

cqn then

require

is

sotisfqctory

tuner,

i-I

ompliliers

it.

to scqle.

sections

qre

oreo is

oI

portion

ot the

signcl level

between

oI the

response

takeoff

by

chromq

procedures,

is

bios

or

olignment.

The bondwidths

These outlines

would

curve
criticcl.

color picture quolity.

MHz)

tokeoff

the overqll

METHODS

checking

grounding
chromq

be

oI the

observed

clignment.

on the slope

the most

in

this

the

chromq response

informqtion

of the.trqnsmitted

the relqtive

qre

oI the

This is shown

curve. NotiCe

upper

is reduced

rcrnge

response

the i-f

chromq portion

responie

a

of the

coil is

chromq frequency

The resultont

cmplifier

tqkeoff

step in

performed

trqnsformer.

require

signal

line

ne

cnd

response

decide

but

qnd

chromq

shown

qre

sim-

obtoined

TV receiver

bqndwidths.

qre

identilied

qreq

modified

television

end of the

qt

the

(3.08

curve,

coil is

lor the

of the
curve.
i-{ curve

to

chromq

coil

mcnufqcturer's

cdjustment

toiether

olignment

olignment

qt

[he tuner

must be clomoed bv

must

the

circuits

compored

which

For

the

chromq response

iI the

qn

on

Notice

criticql

will

MHz).

output

rqnge,

whith

be clomped

ogc tin-e.

exoniple,

to

thqt the

of the i-I

becquse

offect

curve

is locqted

omplitudes

possing

by

receivei

by reference

thot the

chromo

in

omplitude

lower

lnd

To

chqrqc-

q

chromq

ond

of

tuned

qs-

produce
ligncl

the re-

to

usuclly

shown

omplitude-

chromo por-

The

result

and

the re-

c flct

rqnge

is th6n

hos

response

is sometimes

of the

with the

ond de-

is to

inject

qntennq

ore then

to

curves.

portions

if

out-

were

oscil-

the

show

re-

the

on

tele-

com-

the
the

the

test

by

ttrl

ob­the

the

of

iir

oI

of

20

75

74

73

39 40

38

lrl

72

4l

7l
42

I

70

43

I

69

68

44

45

ll

67

66

46 47

rl

FREQUENCY

65

FREQUENCY

48

I

AT
AT

CH.4

IF

38

(75

MH7
MHZ)

CHANNEL

4

6 MHZ WIDE

48 MHZ

(65

MHZ)

CONSTANT
AMPLI
R-F

OVERALL

RESPONSE

T

UDE

SWEEP

TUNER

lr)@0o@
qqqto

-cloro
O---

Zi-Fl­l(o-@

3*$$

-/ry

CHROMA

I

(L

Figure

Obtqined

o
z

a

­o

17.

Using

OVERALL I-F

RESPONSE

CHROMA

COIt

OVERALL

RESPONSE

Television

Sweep-Frequency

Response

TAKE-OFF

RESPONSE

CHROMA

Curves

Technique

is

not, then the

tor output of the i-f strip and

poss

omplifier. If the i-I response
response ore
requires touch-up,

the

on

qliqnment
greoter
output circuit,

require
network between the tuner ond the
seporote
link circuits by some

mined, on olignment check of thqt
performed. The
mqnufocturers. Some suggest

qt
i-I ond video

thqt overoll olignmLnt cqn
right combinqtion oI input signols.
doing
for

slope offecting chromo

The r-I

thot thqt of the if section;

qttention.

Once

the deficient

the

tuner

this is to first connect

i-f

olignment.

problem

poor

porticulorly

portion

problem

which is

This is

preolignment procedure is given for

clignment

qntennq

sweep frequencies in the

After this is

is between

the

output

ond the chromcr

it

then

the tuner seldom creqles

oI

becquse the

mqnufqcturers.

portion

terminqls which con

most likely thot

is

il the
response.

possbond is so much

however, the mixer

locoted

port

on the

of the

the receiver is deter-

of

procedures

signol combinqtions

be

done

qn

r-f sweep

complete,

the video detec-

of the bond-

the i-I

response is

tuner, moy

tuned motching

i-f stcge. A

first

section

receiver

by selectinq the

One

poor

the

cqn

vory with

generote

wcy oI

generctor

picture

the

qn

be

so

cqrrier
selected
signol
method.) This
uloted
opplied to the chromq
olignment oI

quency injected
torized)
quency
sweep voltoge
detected ot
the recovered sweep
circuit

chromq circuits directly.
then

(45.75
the chromq response

oliqnment.
is done to obtoin the desired
resPonse.

frequency

ond this is

(This

is

qt

the video detector of the

Other mqnufqcturers

Ior i-f

(45.75

the video detector ol the TV receiver

clignment.

Another method is to first video-sweep clign the

video

sweep

MHz) is used to check the combined effect on

Usuolly

for the chcnnel being used

modulqted

the

VSM, or

video sweep modulotion is demod-

these stages.

qt

the
olignment.
MHz) is then modulqted with o

(VSM

modulotion

c touch-up oI the chromq circuits

video sweep modulqtion,

bondposs

recommend

grid

mixer

The i-f

ogoin).

voltoge is used lor the chromq

The i-I is then oligned ond

the if

of

i-f

of

olignment

finql

video

o

by

TV

receiver

circuits

qn

sweep fre-

i-f

(or

bose, il tronsis-

picture

As

cqrrier fre-

before

pix

lrequency

ond chromq

overoll chromq

sweep

for the

this is

is

qnd

video

qnd

ANTTNTIA

rnurrr^r.

INALS

TER},l

SWE

EPlMARKER

GENERATOR

RF

OUT

,SWEEP

VOLTAGE

MIXER

O

3

DIRECT

ADJUST
SIZE

DISPLAY

-\7_..e

@

@

OF

rrr

HOR

ADJUST

VERT

OF

OISPLAY

S

iZE

.01 v/cm

EXT

AC

INPUT

22

CHANN:L

CTOR

S ELE

55)

i

Oz

€

o

OSC

ILLATOR

TE!.EV

Figure 18.

ION

IS

SET

Typicol Tuner Alignment Set-Up

In conjunction with i-f olignment
mqnufocturers recommend
jecting

specified
o
sweep olignment

Ior his
service monuol is
PHOTOFACT
mosl
complete reolignment
ceiver does not

technicion must then

foilure hqs
trouble shooting procedures.

TUNER ALIGNMENT

L

2.

3.

spot frequencies

preolignment

In oll coses the monufocturer's method

tuner test

porliculcr

coses repeot the mqnu{qcturer's procedure.

occurred

Connect the

qntennq

the

just

the sweep generotor

TV

chqnnels.
Tune the
Connect the ground

probe

directly

point).

oll tuned circuits in

of

procedures.

receiver

pre{erred

procedures

restore the reguired

Refer

output of the

terminols

set

TV

to the

to the

pretuning

into

the il

procedures

Other

qnd

the mqnufqcturer's

qliqnment.

for

dre

olso r-eliable ond in

qn

of

opporently

considei

ond must employ

to Figure l8

clip of the
tuner shield

thot

sweep

oI the television

to sweep

sqme chqnnel.

procticolly

i-f trops by in-

(usuolly

the

is the

deficient re-

response, the
q

component

generotor

one of the

oscilloscope

to minimize

oll

ot o

outline

i-f belore

best

SAMS

stondord

to

set. Ad-

pickup.

hum
DIRECT)
point is
equivolent, where
present.

4.

Set the verticql
ond

operote the sweep generotor

qvoid

overlooding
would
erroneous

II

scope

The

5.

must
with

response
sinusoidql
cilloscope
necting
sweep generqtor
terminqls

Select

6.

quired

oI the tuner.

7.

The tuner response
the oscilloscope.

structions for

qnd

distort the response

screen.

oscilloscope

be in

eoch

to meqsure

the necessqry

Connect the verticol probe

to the tuner

normolly the grid

controls lor

the television

picture

other for

curve. This is

or sqwtooth

lor externql

the horizontal

on

the mqrker generotor

oI olignment on

sweep ond sweep generotor

exqct synchronizotion

to the

the

oscilloscope.

the upper

See the mqnufqcturer's

the response

odjustments lor

point.

test

q

proper

curve is

of the mixer

demodulqted

mqximum sensitivity

curve

presentotion

ecsily

sweep

horizontql

sweep voltage

externql horizontql

qnd

curve specificqtions

The

of

receiver,

ond

occomplished

by setting

input

frequencies

lower

now disployed

reclignment.

(set

tuner test

tube

signal

low

level

which

provide

the oscillo-

qnd

phose

the

oI

the

ond

con-

from

the

input

response

to

or

is

to

on

lor
os-

re-

on
in-

o

6

RAT

GE NE

l"tARKER

OR

SWEE P
OLTAGE

V

I.F

AMP

S

@

@

DIRECT

V IDE

AMPS

0t[

O

@

6

\YY

@

SWEEP/

MIXER

I

RF

TUNE

R

AO

JUST

VERT S IZE

A

D

JUST

HOR

S

IZE

OF

OISPLAY

VIDEO

OET E

CT OR

AGC

B IAS

Figure

19.

Typicol

Alignment

I-F

Set-Up

23

ALIGNMENT

I.F

l.

Connect
signol

sweep

bqnd.
nols.)

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

(If

r-f sweep

Synchronize
s*eep
TUNER

Connect

probe

ticol
Connect

the video

to

Set the
VARIABLE)
curve.

Keep the

prevent

recommendotions

Refer

the output

injection-

generotor

the

moy be cpplied

generotor

ALIGNMENT

the

the verticql

verticql

overlooding.

point of

tuner

the oscilloscope

os

ground clip oI

the television

to

detector output.

goin

Ior suitqble

sweep

generqtor output

to Figure

sweep

of the

to sweep

on disobling

the mixer.,

been

hqs

qt

previously

procedure.

the oscilloscope

probe

controls

viewing of

Follow

set

ol

l9
generotor

i-l - frequency

the

properly

qntennq

the

sweep

described

chqssis.
the

(VOLTS/CM

the response

level low to

the mqnufqcturer's

AGC.

to the

Adiust

oscilloscope

the

oligned,

termi'

with the

in the

ver-

ond

42.67

-l

MHz

-

+15"h

85o/o

r5%_

50%

CHROMA

42.17 MHZ-

Figure 20. Typicol

Tolerqnce

Ronges

I

I-F

["'

Response

Response

of

85"/"

+l5oh-loo/o

*s0oh

_

45.75 MHZ

Curve Showing

AD

ERT.

+5o/o

PIX

Levels

JUST

SIZE

OF OISPLAY

JH

=

SWEEP,/

RF

OUT

MIXER

I

l"!qRKER

GE NERAT

OR

VOLTA

SWEEP

6
;

@

V

IOE

DETE

O

CT

@

@

OR

000

FIRST

A

OLOR

A

HOR. SIZE

OF

AC

EXT

SE CONt)

A}4P

OLOR

C

(BANOPASS

AMP)

OJUST

OISPI.AY

24

TELEVISION

SET

Figure 21. Typicol

Chromc

Alignment

Set'Up

7.

Select

quired
eit

erqtor

simultoneously,

is

a

Follow
uoting the

mcnt.

CHROMA ALIGNMENT

The i-f
belore
direct injection
the i-I sweep
curve is
turer's procedure
of video

Leqve the

biqs
sweep generotor
to 44
i-f

Apply

2.

enqble
Iiers).
Ior

Synchronize

3.

ly described

4.

Use

to the
ot the input

the mqrker generotor

to

check the

(see

Figure

copoble

o big

odvontoge.

the monufqcturer's

olignment

storting this

injection

oltered

sweep

connected

MHz

injection

the proper

the

Refer

the

correct

q

demodulotor

oscilloscope.

20).
oI disploying

such

response

Refer

must

chromq olignment procedure.

of video

drosticollv. Follow

explicitly

lor

chromcr

sweep,'mqrker

os for i-f

to
bond
level

thot wos

color

to

the mqnufocturer's

bios level.

the

oscilloscope

for

tuner

to

the

criticol {requencies

A sweep

as the B d K

curve

Figure

to

be sotislqciorily

sweep

specified

-for

oliqnment.

sweep

ol frequencies.

dc biqs to
ompliliers

olignment.

probe

Meosure

demodulqtors.

frequencies

ond morker gen-

oll

instructions

ond moking

21.

is used, rqther

herein, the response

such

direct injection

generotor

-olignment.

opproximotely

used

lor i-I

the

(bondposs

sweep

for

the verticol

the response

of inter-

the

morkers

Model 415,

for

evql-

the

olign-

completed

thon

the monufqc-

ond AGC

Set the

the 4l

Use

color killer

os

some

the

olignment.

ompli-

instructions

previous-

input

cuive

re-

II

to

3

o8

+l0o/"-

9C/"

Figure

Showing Tolerqnce

the

Set
(VOLTS/CM

viewing
A

6.

response

22 should
frequencies
turer's instructions
cnd olignment procedure.

-l

MHz

22. Typicol

verticol goin

ond

size

on the screen.

curve similor

be seen.

oI interest.

TILT

3.58 MHZ

l-

VALLEY

150/o

MAX

IO7"

MAX

4.50

MHZ

Chromq Response

Ronges

controls of

VARIABLE) for

Select
for

Response

o{

thot

to

lhe mqrker

Reler to

bondposs

the oscilloscope

shown

oo'u"

g5"h

+15"/",-zOoL

Curve

Levels

q

convenient

Figure

in

generotor

the mqnuloc-

specilicotions

l. Connect

o{ the
c 10.7 MHz

o

Connect
generotor
of the oscilloscope
trols for

Connect

3.

lotor input

4.

Adjust
gcin

in

Figure

interpret

o sweep

FM

receiver.

the

!o

externql horizontql

the

the

controls

23. The

if 5X

generotor

centered

sweep voltage

verticol

ol the
oscilloscope

Set the

sweep.

the

externql

ond

input probe

FM

receiver.

lor

o disploy

nqrrow

mcgnificotion

FM

to

the mixer input

sweep generotor

output

horizontol

set the

oscilloscope

sweep.

verticol

similor

bondposs

is used.

to the

ond

to thot

RECEIVER

Refer

to Figure

1or

of the sweep

is

jock

input

con-

demodu-

horizontql

shown

eosier

to

ALIGNMENT

23.

5.

Set the mqrker generotor

The morker
the

bondposs.

6. Align

7. Move

the

Iqcturer's

the

"S"

curve should

"pip"

MHz
Adjust
focturer's
equol
quency

qmounts

distonces

"pip"

i-I

omplifiers

specificctions.
probe

should

the

demodulotor

instructions

is

increqsed

from

should

to the

be

qppeqr

lrom

the 10.7

precisely

be in

occording

demodulotor

disployed,

exoctly in

qccording

so the

center

os the

qnd

MHz

decreosed

center frequency.

to 10.7 MHz.

the center

to the monu-

output.

ond the 10.7

the

center.

to the

morker

monu-

moves

mqrker

equol

oI

The

fre-

l.4,ARKER

GE NERATOR

GENERATOR

MARKER

INPUT

EP

SWE

RF

OUT

SI./EEP

VOLTAGE

o

G|(e

o.vv

t-J

EXT

n

HOR

:".'

A

\,

(9

SIZE

FREQUENCY

I.

Connect the sine

EXT

the
set the
provides

2.

Connect the
frequency.

Adjust

3.

for

SYNC/HOR

SWEEP TIME,/CM control to EXT.

the verticcl

q

convenient, eosy-to-reqd

MIXER

FM RECE

IVER

Figure 23.

MEASUREMENT

wqve

of known

jock

of the oscilloscope

externql horizontol

verticol

probe

input

qnd

horizontql size

Typicol FM Receiver Alignment

frequency

input.

to

the unknown

controls

size of disploy.

DEMODULATOR

to

ond

This

SefUp

UNKNOI.JN FREQUENCY
TO VERTICAL
STANOARD
TO HOR IZONTAL

NOTE((t

SEE

INPUT,

FREQUENCY

INPUT

sEENorE

/2O$t

))

RATIO

KNOWN

UN

TO

STA

N DAR O

t<tl

l:l

OF

The resulting pottern,
shows

See Figure

Figure

the rqtio

24.

24. Lissojous
Frequency

26

cqlled o Lissojous pottern,

between

Wovelorms

Meqsurement.

the

two

frequencies.

Used

for

6zl

N0TE:

f

ANY0NE
UPON

0F

PHASE

THESE FIGURES DEPENDING

RELATIONSHIP

AUOIO

SIGNAL

GE NE RAT OR

(t.

AUDI

O

NETWOR

BE

ING

K

TESTED

o

@

LOAO

Figure

PHASE MEASUREMENT

Phqse meqsurements mqv be mqde with

loscope. Typicol

produce

to

phose

ol
qudio

cqtion

IOrm.

A sine

being tested.

to the verticol

put

of
input
{erence
Irom the

To

procedure

l. Using

sinusoidol
ot the desired

work being

2. Set the
operoting
desired, the

the
the
clipped

o speci{ic

shift

networks. Distortion

is

the

of the

moke phose

distortion

qlso

wove

The some sine wove input is

input of the

tested

oscilloscope. The

between

resulting wqveform.

(Refer
on oudio

signol generotor

oscilloscope.

sine wove

qnd

cpplicotionl

phose

disployed

input is

circuit
the two siqnqls

meosurements,

to Figure 25):

signol

signol,

level

opply q sine wqve

test frequency

tested.

ol the circuit

circuit's

II

disploy

the signoi

cre in circuits

shi{t, ond meqswement

in

oudio ompliliers or

due to non-lineor omoli{i

in

the oscilloscope wove-

opplied to the

oscilloscope, ond the

is

opplied to the horizontql

qmount

ccrn be colculqted

use the

generotor

to the

output for

output mov

the test

on'the

level

being tested.

be observed

circuit

oscilloscope

must

Typicol

deqigned

qudio

phose

of

following

with o pure

test
qudio

the normol

is overdriven,

be reduced.

qn

oscil-

other

circuit

opplied

out

signol

net-

Phqse

dif-

on

is

If

Meqsurement

NO AMPLITUOE

NO

PHASE

ISOO

OUT OF

AMPLITUOE

PHASE

Figure

OISTORTION

SHIFT

PHASE

DISTORTION

SHIFT

26. Typicol
Oscilloscope

AMPLITUO€

AMPLITUOE

Phose

Disploys

NO

9o"

Meqsurement

OISTORTION

PHASE

SHIFT

PHASE

DISTORTION

SHIFT

OUT OF PHASE

qn

3.

Connect
the output
HOR

4.

Set the
externql

Connect

5.

6.

7.

circuit.

test
tions
inputs

goin of the oscilloscope
signol.)

Adjust

q

for
Some

II the
trqce

ond horizontol

line is
A 90'

scope

externql

oI the

jock

of the

SWEEP

horizontql

V INPUT

the

(The

verticol

lhe

to

be reversed.

moy

verticol

the

suitqble

typicql

t*o signols

is o stroight

qt q
phose shilt

pottern.

viewing
results

goin

45" ongle.

test circuit

oscilloscoPe.
TIME/CM

input

horizontol

sweeP.

probe

ond

qnd

qnd

horizontcl

size.

qre

qre

in

diogonol

ore

produces

coble

input

to the

control

to the input

output
horizontol
Use the

lor the

shown

phose, the

line. II the

properly odjusted.

EXT SYNC/

to

test connec­oscilloscope

higher

lower

goin

in Figure 26'

oscilloscope

q

circulor

EXT lor

ol the

vertical

conlrols

verticql

oscillo-

from

level

this

Phose
ellipticol oscilloscope
shilt

os

shilt of

con be

shown

less

colculqted

in Figure 27.

Fiqure 27. Phose

(or

more) thqn

pottern. The

lrom the oscilloscope

produces on

90o

qmount

oi

phose

troce

WHERE/=PHASEANGLE

Shilt Colculqtion.

SSUARE

INTRODUCTION

A squore

oscillolcope,

disploy

to
electroniC
quency
of thct
jected

2.5

KHz,

vcrcuum tubes
diflicult
which
copccitonces,
tqnces os
response
fqithful reproduction
well designed omplifier
cqused
delective
tortion

sotisfoctory.

As stoted
number of odd
wqve into on omplilier
response
wqve of the sqme
the amplifier would respond

Hz up to the

500

The
opporent if we reqlize thct
will be required during normql

toneously o lcrge

With c

with which we cqn evqluqte
guolity
monics of the squcre wqve) which is whct the ampli-

wqve

vqrious iypes

circuits.

contqins

lrequency.

q

into

KHz, 3.5

to omplify

is identicql

well os

qre q

by these

omplifiers cqn

to the

before,

ot 500

need

squqre wqve we hqve

of o signcl

generqtor

such os this

A squcre
lorge number

c

II o 500

circuit,

qnd

iunction

point where their

hqrmonics. By

for

Irequency

KHz,

trcnsistors

ond reproduce

to the input

limited device

few of

of

limitolions.

squqre

cr

Hz

only,

lrequency we ccrn determine

lSth

or

squore wqve evqluqtion becomes

number of different frequencies.

of

qnd q

instrument.

oI distortion

wqve oI

Hz squore

qre

copocitonces,

the fqctors

q

cqn

introduce consideroble

we con evqluote

but by

2lst hqrmonic.

mcny lrequencies

components

olso

qre

signol. Interelectrode

squcrre wove

minimize the

Poorly designed

performqnce is un-

wove contqins o

injecting

injecting a squqre

to input

some

use to

q

the input

WAVE

low distortion

cqn

present- in

given fre-

o

odd hqrmonics

of

wove is

provided. Since

non-lineqr,
q

squqre
strcy

qnd

trqnsformer

which

o 500

signols {rom

qudio

poss

controlled

ond output

TESTING

be used

of 1.5

it is

wqve

copoci-

prevent

signol. A

distortion

dis-

lorge

Hz sine

omplifier

how

cmpliliers

simul-

signol

(the

hcr-

in-

or

OF AMPLIFIERS

Iier

sees when omplifying complex

musicql instrument or voices.

The squore wove output oI the signol

must

be extremely
to ony distortion thot
uoting

input should be set to DC
leqst distortion,
checking omplilier response, the frequency of the
squqre wove input should be varied lrom the low
end oI the
end
monic content
occur before the upper
is reqched.

oI
signol. This is
width omplifiers
signol

qnce qnd
quolity.
deliciencies

wove signol. Whether
is used for testing the omplifier, it
the mqnufqcturer's specificotions
known

perlormcnce.

TESTING PROCEDUNE

ompli{ier response. The oscilloscope verticol

cmplilier

the bondposs; however, becquse oI

oI

It should be noted thot the

omplilier

on

provides

will give

The squore wove will

not reodily

in

order to

Connect the output of the squore wcrve

l.

qtor

to the input

Connect the

2.

scope to the output of the

llqt so thot it does not

moy be

especiolly ot

bondposs

the

of

should be mode using & sine

especiolly importcnt in

squore wqve, distortion will
end oI

(voice

omplifiers). The squore wove

quick

o

qn

estimqte of overqll

opporent when

q

mqke

Refer to Figure 28.

oI

verticql

observed when evql.

c;

lo"o frequencies. When

the

qctuql

check of omplifier

wove

sine

q

better

the omplifier being tested.

test

cmplifier

wqvelorms

generotor

contribute

it

will introduce the

toword

up

omplifier

qlso

is importont

on the

probe

the upper

the

bondposs

resDonse

limited bcnd-

perform-

omplifier

reveql some

using q sine

squqre

or

omplilier be

judgment

oI the oscillo-

being tested.

hor-

check

wqve

wqve

thot

oI its

gener-

of

28

ADJUST SWEEP
FOR I

CYCLE

SPEED

DISPLAY

ADJUST

VENIENT

VERT GAIN

VIEWING

FOR

CON-

HE IGHT

SQUARE

WAVE

GENERATOR

Figure

28. Equipment SetUp

AMPLIFIER

CIRCUIT

BE

ING

STE

TE

t)

For

Squore

Wqve

Testing

Amplifiers

oI

II the dc

3.
is sufficiently

component

the
tion moy be used without
except ot

4.

Adjust the verticol goin
nient

5. Using INT sync
sweep time
wove

6. For

wqve,

ANALYZING THE

The short rise time

r/z

the

oI
the medium
nents.
the
zero
fore,
the high frequency
rounding
one squqre

The some holds true for

end ol the

omplitude

q

component of the

low

to be viewed,

AC-GND-DC switch. However,

very low frequencies

viewing

output on the screen.

o close-up

use the

cycle is creqted by the in-phose

theoreticol

oI the squore

wove

height.

ond

controls Ior

view

5X

WAVEFORMS

ond high frequency

rz

cycle

qt

the I80o

reduction

cycle

circuit being tested

to allow both the oc ond dc

the DC position

use

AC posi

the

offecting

controls for

AUTO

moqni{icqtion.

which occurs

lrom

components should produce

corners

(See

triggering,

one cycle of squore

portion

ol

o

sine wqve
the rqpid

moximum

Yz

or

cycle

in omplitude

ot oll

Figure

the results

(below

qt

29).

5

q

odjust the

ol the squqre

the

beqinninq

suri

drop
omplitud^e
point.

qlone

lour points

Hz).

conve-

of

compo-

There-

oli

qt

of
oI

of

to

of o complex wqveform. In
introduction
networks
tion

ol reqctive components will

in

dips

curve.

2. The

o

second is non-lineqr
o chonge in wqveshqpe produced
ol the woveshope
elements such

tronsformer,

non-lineqr

in on

selective lilters

or

qn

otherwise llot frequency

qnd

circuit such

omplilier circuit of resonont

to non-lineqr

os vcrcuum

qn

in

exlreme

qs

other words, the

creqted

creote

distortion

by opplicotion

components

tubes,

cqse c deliberqte

o clipper

bv combino-

peoks

response

qnd

refers

qn

iron co.e

network.

or

to

or

Distortion

cotegories:

1.

lirst

The
chonge lrom

con be

is frequency

clossified into three

normql

distortion ond

omplitude

of o component

distinct

relers to lhe

Figure 29.

High Frequency

Squore Wqve

Response

Losses.

With

29

roo Hz

SOUARE

svE

Figure

Frequency

The third is deloy

3.
distortion

one or
{orm.

In
squqre wqve component
usuolly
which-includes
presence
phose

distortion or
wqve testing

Iind thqt the distorted

binction of omplitude

In a typiccl
check
istics oI the circuit.
indicqted in
response olong
cy boost.
of this cmplilier
Iigure indicqtes sqtisfqctory
sponse
poor
wove opplied

qppeqr
frequency response

but
higher
of the leqding

As
squcrre wcve ccrn be used

phose
monic or up to opproximotely
mentql of the squore
it is seen thot wide

leqst a two-frequency

complete spectrum.

q

30,

nents up to

Hz

ond

should be sctisloctory.

Response of Amplilier

30.
Response

produced by o

more components

octuql

low frequency response.

cleorly reveqls

prcrctice, q reduction

coused by c

copccity,

the C

of

ongle

qccurotely

Figure 30, revecling

A 100 Hz squcre wove opplied

(cpproximotely

os in

l0 KHz

q

rule of

relotionships up

100 Hz squcre wqve

qbout

beyond 10,000

or L introduces q difference

between components,

deloy distortion.

prccticcl

oI

wide bqnd omplifier,

revecls

The response

with overcompensoted high

will

to

input of this sqme omplifier will

the

Figure

in the region of

region

oI the

edge

thumb,

wqve. Using this rule of thumb,

In the

4000 Hz.

High Frequency Boost

cnd

phose distortion,

or

(sinusoidql

frequency

inductonce or

circuitry,

ssuqre wqve

phase

cnd

mony

oppecr

I KHz to 2

This

3lB.

the

overcompensction

by the shorp rise ot the top

sguore wqve.

it

cqn

to reveql response

to the lSth or

bqnd circuitry will require

check to

cqse illustroted by

will

To onolyze

Hz, c 1000 Hz

Hoving

shilt in

of o complex

in amplitude of
selective network

Therefore,

distortion

distortion chqrqcter-

of

poor

Figure 3lA.

as in
medium

Next, o 1000

figure

be solely soid that

40 times the lundc-

properly

encompqss compo-

Poor Low

which is

phose between

wqve'

hormonic) is

both. The

creoting

we will
includes

q

squqre wqve

qn

low lrequency

frequency

KHd

displcys

1000

20th

squore wove

phose

in squcre

usuclly

q

clues.

cmplifier

frequen-

to

the input

but shows

Hz

squqre

to 4000 Hz

qt

odd hqr-

onolyze the

Figure

qbove

in

com-

This

re-

good

the

cnd

4000

Figure

Now, the region between
Figure 30 shows q rise Irom
response to c
4000 Hz. Therelore, we

q

is

ct

Irequency components

will be relotively

but thot

sqme squqre wcrve
poor

low-frequency

Figure 3lA.

II the

were such
components
Figure
omplitude to
usuolly
turn, q phose

a

Figure 32. Reduction

Frequency

Resultcnt

31.

Wqves

32 would be obtcined. However,

cqused by o reoctive element,

From

llqttening out

the lower lrequency

combinqtion oI

to

os

in

the squqre wqve, q curve similqr

c component, cs olreody noted, is

shift of

Component

I00

Hz

Amplilier in

100 Hz

lrom

expect that the higher

cqn

in the 100 Hz

normql in omplitude

will be strongly modilied by the

response

elements in this

depress the low frequency

only

the

component,

Squore Wqve

of

in

I KHz

ond

Figure

ond

poor

low frequency

between

squqre

components

this omplifier.

oI

producing

q

Fundqmentql

Tuned

Squcre

28.

4000 Hz in

1000

wqve

qnd

phase

in this

cmplifier

reduction in

ccusing, in

Circuit.

ond

See

to

the

30

strong
iccl
The

ol the phose-shilted

evident thot
shown up

produced
element
l0o phose
logging
coses
phose
through

which
in
Iow.frequency
in

tilt
development
tilt is seen

Figure

_Figure

phose.

shcpe

Figure

34 indicates

by_o

in

direction.

becquse

cngle

olgebraic

36

hqve

o{ the
3lB, previously

of Figure

oI

to

be

very

by

o leoding

shilt

It

slight

tilt in

l_0' phose

in

oI

in the

indicqtes

been

reduced

will

be

distortion

llot

o low IrequenCy
The

the

qddition

3lA. Figure

o similorly

cqused

3rd hqrmonic.

the squqre

the

direction.

two

noted

top portion

by the stronq

shifts

in phose

wqve.

tilt in

shift

Figure

tilts

ole opposite

difference

cqses

oI

components.

low

frequency

in

omplitude

thqt

ore

chqrocterized

of

discussed,

33 reveols o groph-

tilted

squore
qls6

It

squcre

q

of

low frequeni:y

35

component

in polority

os Cqn

ihese

exomples

the squqre

reveqled

wove.

in{luence

becomes

guickly

ore

wqve

shcpe

indiiqtes

by

in

two

of

the

checkd

shilted

chonge

wove.

high-

in the

be-

components

qnd-

of

c
c

FrI

OUT.OF.PHASE

Figure

Fundqmentql

35. Tilt Resulting
Frequency

From

Phcrse

in o Logging

Shift

of

Direction

Ffi

AJT

OFPHASE

Figure

FXI

_Figure
Fundomentql

OUT

34.

33.
3rd

OF

Squore

Hqrmonic

(LEAD)

PHASE

Tilt

Resulting

Frequency

Wqve

Phose

in

Tilt

From

q

Leoding

Resulting

Shilt.

Phqse

Shift

Direction

From

of

Figure

Irequency
response
be
the
This
membering

-wov9,
by

oI

hqrmonic
cmplilier
high
be
components
rne

Figure
ompli{ier
tronsient.
tion
trqnsient
in

the
sition
rising
vqlue

Ior
work in
then
produced

Tg,rr"

ond figures

qt

noted

thot

top

oI the leoding

chorqcteristic

the

the summstion

response

lrequency

omplilied

leqdlng

37

occomponied

The

olong the

oscillction

omplilier

in

.the

relqtively

ot. low

osctllqtlon

the

q

single

os

39

36. Low

overshoot produced

the

thot in

_

shorp

components.

disproportionotely

creoting

eclge.

indicotes

squore

Irequency

omplilier

indicoted

summqrizes

os

Frequency

ond Phose

higher frequencies.

this overshoot

edge

relotionship

q

normql

rise of the

oI o

occurs

components

o higher

sinusoidol

top

oI the

in

circuit. In

_wqve

high lrequency

in

the

is

cycle

a hondy

leoding

prccticolly

If

ot high

in

hiqh

frequency

by o lighily

type

squqre

q

relqtively

this

potentiol

voltoge

resonqnt

reosonqbly

tronsient

in Figure

lhe

preceding

relerence.

Component

Shilt

by

rising

It

makes

oI the

is

well-shoped

on

the squore
olgebroic

oI diminishing

cqie,

supplies

network.

oicillqtion

should

itself

squore

explcined

edge

infinite

qbnormql

frequencies,

greoter

boost

dcimped

wove

"Q"

hiqh

tfie

sudden

lrom

voltoge

heovily

38.
explonotions

Loss

omplifier

ogoin

evident

wcrve.

by

squore

is

creqted

number

rise

wove

thqn

other

sum

olong

in

"shock,,

oscillo-

indicqtes

network

tron-

q

shorply

to

o levei

the

energy

If

this

net_

domped,

mqv

qt

re-

in

the

will

qn

q

be

3l

Figure 37. Effect

High Frequency

oI

Poor Domping

Boost

qnd

Figure

High Frequency

38.
Dcmping

Boost

qnd

Good

Frequency
reduction
ponent).

D.

Low frequenry

G. High lrequency loss ond

shiIt.

distorlion.

low lrequency

oI

phose

No

Figure

(crmplitude

shilt.

phcrse

shill. E.

39. Summcry oI Wovelorm Anolysis

com-

phose

B. Low lrequency

sted Iundomentol).

Low lrequency loss

ghiIt.

H. Domped

oscillotlon-

(occentu-

boost

phose

cnd

for Squore Wqve

High

C.

frequency loss-No

shiIt.

High lrequenry

quency

Low lrequency phose
thickend by hum-voltoge).

phose

loss

shilt.

Testing oI Ampliliers

phcse

ond low Ire-

(troce

shilt

32

CRT

(T3OARBI)

EXT

SYNC/

HOR

INPIII

OI.J'TPLTI

G--

VERTICAI

ATTENUATOR

CAL

tiKHZ

SOUARE WAVE)

VOLTAGE

VERTICAL

AI\,IPLI FI ER

Figure

40.

Block Diogrom

UNBI,ANKING
SIGNAL

HOLD-OFF

VIBRATOR

AMP

MILLER

INTEGRATOR

MULTI-

HORI ZONTAL

AI'lPLIFIER

GENERAL

The input

qn qttenuotor
oppiied through

controls

tube.

roy

The verticol
entiol
initiql

Pqrt
os the
by

the triggering
polority
shoping

The
differentioted
together
hold-off

The gote_

with

the Miller
circuits,
the

sqwtooth
opplied
zontol

Refer

inlormqtion.
VERTICAL

INPUT

The

by

the input

plied

to the

signol

to lhe

to

the

ompliliers throughout

to

the {inol

the verticql

of

internol

ond

then

circuit.

output

of the squore-wove

to turn into

with

the sqwtooth

circuit, drives

multivibrqtor

is

driven

sweep

through

dellection

to

schemotic

AMPLIFIER

CIRCUIT

input

signol

selector

qttenuotor

(Reler

verticql

section

to

Fiqure 40)

to

be

disployed posses

i\C

verticql

BAL,

omplilier. It is then

GAIN

deflection

uses direct-couplinq

its circuitiy

stog6s.

omplilier

triggering

circuit

conducted

output voltoge

voltoge,

depending

to the

q

trigger

wove

the gote

multi-vibrqtor

circuit,

integroting

from thi

voltoge.

the horizontol

circuit

triqger pulse

This sweep

omplifiei

plotes.

diogrom

CIRCUIT

AND ATTENUATOR

is selected

switch

hoving

os AC

(AC-GND-DC)

I I ronges.

CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

qnd

plotes

which

shcping

conducted

Iorming

for

of

is

on

its type

squqre-wqve

signul

qnd

the

to

to the

detoiled

or DC

through

POSITION

cqthode

differ-

liom

the

is used

selected

cnd

circuit

is

which,

from

the

circuit.

o

dc loop
hold-ofl

generqte

voltoge

is

hori-

circuit

signol

ond-

op-

The ottenuqtor

megohm

positions

qnd
of

an

offers

input

input impedonce

on

copocitqnce

the VOLTAGE/CM

switch.

AMPLIFIER

The output

protection

input
verticql

The obove

quolity

high
presses excessive input signols to

-+

l volt.

Tronsistor
verticol
input impedqnce. Further,

lrom the attenuqtor

circuit comprised ol

omplilier.

input protection

diode chorocteristic oI the FET, sup-

Q3

ompli{ier

employed

is

qs

o source Iollower with high

trqnsistor
onced circuit with trqnsistor
due to vqriqtions

of

power

posses

circuit, utilizing the

the initiol stoge

to reduce the dri{t

Q4

source voltoge

peroture.

The

output of
succeeding
impedonce
o differentiol

The dc level

justed

by FET

the

bolonced

emitter {ollowers

is lowered lurther,

omplifier

the

of

ond

Q7

bolonced signol moy

source vqrioble

omplifier is led

ond

Q5

ond then

Q8.

resistor

BAL).

Voriobie
VRI
provide

resistors VRl02

in the

emitter circuits

odjustment of the goin
omplilier. Vorioble
odjusts the bolonce
ferentiol
tion

omplifier lor

of the signol

oI

represented

(verticol

trqnsistors

of

resistor

the

VRl03

dc signol level

odjustment o{

on the

of the differentiql

tube.

of I

of 35pF for

oll

through on

FET

Q2

to the

opproximotely

the

of

lorms q bql-

Q3

qnd

tem-

to

Q6

where

its

opplied to

be

od-

of

ond

the

(DC

qnd

Q8

dif-

VRlOl

VARIABLE)

Q7

(

POSITION)

+

the verticol posi-

cothode

roy

33

outpui of

The
emitter
omplifier

14.-These
qrrqngement

to
the diflerentiol
width.

sistors
front

trqnsistors
QlS

Iowered,
{ier
serving
put lrom
to the triggering

ompli{ier
necled
provided
*nicfr

ompliliei
tion
the entire
60 dB,
o{

TRIGGERING
PHASE

(internol),
ING SOURCE

cuit
which,
limits
the
eosily

voltqge,
resist6r

lollower

comprised

tronsistors

ond,

the signol

Voriqble

ponel verticql

output

The

ond

qs

The finql

provide odjustment

signol is

The

plotes of cothode

l0 mV/cm.

In this

(Q6

the

phose ol

The

level is

hold
SYNC

To improve

viewing

when
seporotor
circuit
in the TVV
vided lrom
operqtes
diives
biqsed
cquse
ing copocitor

in the

stqnt

voltoge

tive

ground, so

ond
positive signol

the developed

iide

signcl omplitude

input

ot higher

resistor

ond

Qll

QIl,

Ql6.

qnd

qs

well

q

qs

buffer to the

Ql7

stoge omplifier,

consisiing

in coscode

wth tuning

to be opplied

verticql omplilier

which corresponds

INVERTER

circuit,

EXT

ond

becquse

level ol

reversed

circuit

input

qs

perlorm-ed

VRI04

estqblished.

SEPARATOR

cirCuit

is operqtive

ond

the

on

os

Q102.

neqr

increqsed

bqse circuit

is developed

omplifier

signols ol

then opplied

is used

CINCUIT

Q7)

In the obsence

cut-off.

trqnsistors

ond

Q9

of trqnsistors

ctre

therefore,

VR2

estoblishes

Ql2

position

13

12,

Here their

sufficiently omplified

(externql)

switch'

the

(TRIG

the

composite

polority

C132.

peok

ond

to emitter

qs

circuit.

ol'trqnsistors

with trqnsistors

copocitors

directly

roy tube. The

AND

input

the

This

q

is

its

of

input

its

signol.

t[e

by

provides

LEVEL):

CIBCUNS

sync

(Ql0l

when

positions.

TVH

impedqnce

Positive

current

bqse

Becouse

thot the

of sufficient

cut-off

qnd

Q7

qnother

to

QlO

connected

reduce

frequencies.

rf

provide q suflicient

to

in the emitter

control.

diflerentiql

the

14 ore

impedonces

to the

lollower

triggering

internql

the

q

cqscode

the lrequency

of

to the

circuit

q

dellection

to

LIMITER

signol

LINE

or

inverter

oI dif{erenticl

sort

nqrrowed

signol

Polqlly

TRIGGERING

odjustment

through

leliobility

<Ind

the

reversing

oI

tronsistor

vqries,

the

Thus,

informqtion. g

video

al02l

TRIGGERING

Signcl

trqnslormer

input

oI

going input

llow

to

oJ

Q102,

between

bios is opplied.

the overoge bose

fed through

is

Q8

finol stoge ompli

Ql8

is

omplifier

the lorge

differentiql

13

12,

Qll,

in q cqscode

Miller

their

This

circuit

the rqnge oI

fed to trqnsistors

qre

trqnsistor

circuit. The

trigger

differentiol

qnd

ond

Q20

TC2l

the

by

verticol dellec-

overqll

is opproximotely

CIRCUIT

selected

the TRIGGER'

by

cnd

dynomic

qs

well

of-the-signol

SLOPE

use oI

the sync

this instrument

ol

is-provided.

input

stoge^wh-ich

signol,

in

Q102,

qn qverctge

the bqse ol

is cul off until

omplitude

ond

eflect

qllows

bqnd-

of

trqn'

omplifier

lurther

Ql7

out-

signal

con-

Ql9

Q2l,

qnd

TC22'

response.

verticql

goin

sensitivity

qs

limiter cir-

omplilier

rqnge,

qs

inverts
switch.

oI the

bics

voriqble

thres'

llnc

SYNC

is

Ql0l

Q7.

Ql02

signols

chorg-

time con-

negcr-

Ql02

to over-

As the

the

is

9f

INT

is

This

pro-

volt-

odjusts

oge
conducfs
pulse corresponding
irqnsistor

Becquse
responding
it is ideolly
sponding

of the composite
o{

Ql02

the TRIGGERING

When

tion.

position, the horizontql

TVV
moved
copocitor

to the tip ol

ing

erqted.
SQUARE

The squore

Schmitt [rigger comprised oI

This circuit delivers
when the level of its triggering
certqin

is

cuit

turned

When
gote multivibrqtor,
bistoble
vibrqtor
multivibrotor

synchronizqtion

into

the

erqte

SWEEP
GATE

CIRCUIT

The

comprised

tor
under
wove

consisting
hold-off circuit
generqtes ct

The

of-operqtion

hold
As soon

lrom

nql

stqte

the

is

is

diodes
ccpocitors
which is determined
bose
SWEEP

cpplied

Miller

QlS, Ql9
omplifies

phose of

the

o

The
is led to
Ied os

izontcrl dellection

qutomqticqlly

on

only

is obtqined

the circuit

to the

suited

to the tips oI

video

is opplied

the TRIGGERING

from the composite

Cl34 ond

This is olso opplied

WAVE

wove shoping circuit

vqlue.

coupled

into the trigger signol

CIRCUIT

MULTIVIBRATOR,

gote multivibrqtor

control

shoping

gote multivibrotor

D3 ond

copacitors

integroting

low impedonce

the sweep voltcge

The squore wove output

to o differentiqtor

switch 5106

multivibrqtor,

operoting

oscillqtes

trigger signol

AND HOLD-OFF

ol

of

circuit.

tronsistors

ol

(trqnsistor

sweep

qs

TIME/CM

through

multivibrqtor

the

the squore

its trqnsistors

oI

the

in

ond

Q20.

its input chorging

the signol.

horizontql omplilier

so thot

positive signal

the conduction

to

the

ot

Ql02

generotes output

peok

omplitudes

generoting sync

lor

verticol
signol.

directly

SYNC switch

q

sync

verticql blonking

the

SHAPING

cr squcrre

is in the

which

turns

qt

40 to 50

with the input signol

trqnsistors

trigger signol

the

The

sowtooth

by use

wove

D4. This

gote circuit of

by the

qnd

resistors

control.

impedonce

high

circuit composed

This integroting

output circuit

plotes

qnd

The sync

to the

is in

SYNC

sync inlormqtion

video signol by integrcrtor

pulse

to the

CIRCUIT

trqnsistors

wqve from its output

signol

to the

AUTO

normolly operotes os

into

Hz.

weokly, it

qutomotic

lor

MILLER

CIRCUIT

q

bistqble

is

through

Ql0
Miller

through

Ql7

Iorm o

Q14)

voltcge.

circuit
of the

receives

shoping circuit,

qnd

chorges

combinqtion

qs

This chorging

signol

Q2l,

vic:

Q22

of cqthode

tronsistor

peoks. An

intervol

collector.

oI input

pulses corre'

horizontol

pulse output

bqse ol

the TVH

switch

output

pulse is

bose ol

is

essentiolly o

is rqised to a

circuit,
gote multivibrqtor.

position, the

on ostqble
Since

is

eosily
triggering.

INTEGRATING

from the

integnoting

Q20,

dc loop

ot the thres-

is set

STABILITY

o trigger sig-

turns off

the time bose

FET

Ql7

selected

FET

o{

circuit

but

oI trqnsistor

{rom which it

ond

roy iube.

Ql02

outPut

oI the

pulses cor-

signols,

pulses

when

Q8

posi-

is in the

is

correspond-

Q8

this ostoble

Ql3,

qlso

gen-

Q8.

qnd

of this cir­where it is

multi-

pulled

gen-

to

multivibrq'

driven

squqre

circuit

cnd

which

control'

it inverts

switching

ot q rqte

of the time

by

signol

to the

Ql7

trqnsistors

not only

inverts

to hor-

Q23

re-

Q9.

o

the

-the
is

Q20

is

34

Pqrt

of the Miller integroting

rck

bock

to one side

to one side

tioned previously.

tioned
chorged with
the chorging

Another port

coupled through
hold-off
circuit {eeds bock the
o deloy to the input
the
the stqte
to

HORIZONTAL

follower
Q22

is
emitter follower

resistor
ol tronsistor
oges of
when
tion to the
olso contoins voriqble
which

<>
iqble

inserted
Q23.

tol

is fed
resistor

circuit tronsistor

output reoches

their

The

The sowtooth

opplied

The

The moqnilicotion

When

of

originol condition

horizontol

Q2

qnd

Q23.

to

differentiol

VR6

the omplifier

the

mognificotion

X5 positions

provides

POSITION

rer istors

in

the

Eoch

resistor

omplilier goin

externql

from

the EXT

VRl05b

o{

o{

This

constqnt current,

woveform with

of the integroting

copocitor

the

I

(MAG
Q23.

o specified level.

tronsistors

AMPLIFIER

ompli{ier

ond

differentiql

wqve output

emitter Iollower

is Ied

ompli{ier

CENT)

VR6

horizontol

control)

(GAIN

VR8

emitter

is odjusted

oI

sweep

SYNC/HOR

(VARIABLE/HOR

the

the

time bose

time

enobles the

o better lineority.

Cl4 ond

QI4.

integroting

o{ the gote

o{ the

to

complete the

CIRCUIT

circuit

omplifier

from the

to

bolonces

resistor

switch

circuit

Xt

Q2

the differntiol

circuit

which

which
is
or vice versd.

selects goin

operotion

moy

switched

VR7

position

(push-pull

ADI)

oI trqnsistors

for

qnd

X5.

circuit

Hence,

is in the

or VRg

terminol

output is ied

cqpocitors men-

copocitors men­copocitors to

thereby

circuit

diode D5

the hold-off

circuit output

multivibrotor

It then

gote

mu}tivibrqtor

consists of

tronsistors

Miller

l.

The

ouput of

amplifier.

contoins

the DC

is used,

GAIN).

bose
output

be

unbolqnced

from

the Xl

The amplifier

(

<>

POSITION)

cdjustment

switch

odjustment

(MAG

specified

the signcl

to vqriqble

The

with

until

inverts

emitter

circuit

the

vqriqble

circuit

volt.

posi-

the

of

on

vcr-

ADJ),

ond

Q22

horizon-

output

be

providing

output is

sweep.

to

voriqble

of
the

output

ompliiier

Vqrioble

to

odjust the dc voltoge
some level
signol

its

horizontoi position.
vides
Irequency

CALIBRATION

The

q

lKHz multivibrqtor

The I KHz

delivers

(trqnsistors

The Schmitt

put

of the
Thus,
the

CAL

POWER

The

winding

The high
winding
D10l

cqthode roy

The

ondory
diodes
supply voltage.

The low
ompli{iers
voltoge

diode

resistor

which

of

circuit.

resistor VR4

qs

qt

q

colibrotion

o cqlibrotion

oc source

ond Dl02

voltoqe

D103, D104,

D7.

the

the center

deflection

bond

ol dc to 800 KHz

VOLTAGE

multivibrotor

its I KHz

winding

through

qnd

Q3

trigger

multivibrotor

terminols.

SUPPLY

of the

is

power

voltoge

rectified

which provide

tube.

induced

voltoges

ore supplied

regulotor

VRl05b is

is then

of the

meon voltoge

of cothode

The horizontol

sensitivity

voltoge

qnd

output to the

Q4).

circuit converts

into

voltoge

CIRCUIT

voltoge

trqnsformer.

induced

by

qcross

of the tronsformer

Dg

ond DlO

for the verticql

by stobilizing

opplied to FET

opplied to the

(POS

ADI D is

externol signol

the internol

of

roy tube scope

oi 300 mV

(-3

CIRCUIT

circuit consists

o Schmitt

(tronsistors

Schmitt

q

squore

o{ SVp-p

is opplieC to

qcross

voltoge

trqnsistor

doubler rectiliers

high voltoge

the

to

horizontql

provided

sweep

omplifier

cm

ond o

dB).

moinly

trigger

Trigger circuit

the lKHz

is delivered

the

low voltoge

is

provide

qnd

the

Q24

circuit.

ond

Ql

wove signol.

primory

the

secondory

{or the

rectified

the

horizontql

B*

supply

ond Zener

Ql6,

to the
obout

pro-

of

Q2)

out-

to

sec-

by

B*

MAINTENANCE

WARNING:
ent

on the

circuits.
moved

HOUSING

L

Remove

corners of

2. Remove the
ing. This
the housing.

a

With
push

the

ing.
ponel

4.

Supporting
bly
Iorwqrd

Voltoges

cothode

Use

Irom

REMOVAL

the oscilloscope
the

chqssis

Corefully

{longe

ot lhe lower

roy tube

extreme

this instrument.

(See

the two

the housing.

screw

screw

chqssis forwqrd,

qt

the

cleqrs

the lront ponel

until

the

AND

os high

qnd

cqution

Figure

screws

on the

is locqted

locqted

cufout

qpply

pressure

the front

edge

oI the

chqssis

CALIBRATION

qre

os 1600

when

4l)

from

underside

opplying pressure

ot

cleqrs

volts

in the

power

the

the lower

qt

the

reqr

on q Ilql

the reqr

until the

of the

ond

chqssis

front ponel,

the housino.

cobinet

of

oI the

pres-

supply

is re-

reqr

the hous-

center

surfoce,

hous-

front

housing.

qssem-

pull

of

on

Figure

41. Housing

Removql

REMOVE

SCREI./S

SL IOE

OUT

THESE

CHASS

OF

AND

IS

CASE

35

NOTE

:

REMOVE

GRATICULE

GREEN

F

ILTER

VE

CTOR

OVERLAY

CRT

BEZEL

KNURLED

NUTS

GRATICULE REMOVAT

(See

Two bulbs, located

scole.

SCALE ILLUMINATION

CRT POSITIOMNG
Checking

the horizontql

To reploce these

l. Remove

2. Lilt

3. Lift

L Remove

2. Remove

3.

Gently

is lree

4.

Unsolder

l. Set

2.

Set the
wise

3. Adjust
troce

4.

Adjust
center

5. The trqce
horizontol

II

the

l.

Remove

os

2. Loosen
the

3.

Turn CRT
scqle.

4.

Tighten
to keep

the bezel.

off

the

off

push

ol retoining grommet.

proper positioning

the AC-GND-DC

to AUTO.

intensity

on

of CRT.

trqce

outlined

the screws

neck

oll four bezel

chossis from

bezel

wires

TRIG LEVEL

CRT.

+

should

mqrker

on the

scqle,

the

ol the

CXT

CRT properly

behind the

scqle.

qnd

on bulb

qnd

qnd

POSITION

CRT is

correct

oscilloscope
previously.

CRT.

Ior proper

clomping

Figure

AND REPLACEMENT

Figure 42)

bulbs:

retoining

LAMP

gnoticule.

replqce

switch

olign exoctly

scqle.

in the

NEPLACEMEM

cose.

from lront

qs

to GND.

control

FOCUS

control to ploce

not in

it

os follows-:
chossis

mounting

(See

Figure

olignment

screws.

positioned.

42.

bezel illuminqte

nuts.

of

bulb.

follows:

fully

controls

with

oliqnment

from the

43).
of trqce

Tighten

Groticule

the

unit

until it

counterclock-

for fine

trqce

in

the

center

wiih

cqse

clcmps

over

wiih

evenly

Removal

CTEANING

As
oges,
dust porticles

to remove
ponents
o soft
nenls.

If . rhe

.

double
properly
be isoloted_

liques
Compore

mctic
Instructions
reqson

DC BALANCE

l.

2.

3. Adjust

4.

ASTIGMATISM

l.

2. Adjust

3.

ond Replocement

AND

BEPAIRING

with

ony piece

the

electricql

from

the

to

brush

-

check

se_t.

including

diogrom.

for

Plqce
tion.

Set the
clockwise.

troce

dust

operate

qnd

oscilloscope

thqt

trouble persists,

_If
by

conventionol

voltoge

the

the

the

over

reodings

Pleose

on

the lost

mqllunction

ADJUSTMENT

AC-GND-DC

verticql

i

the

scqle.

Now,

turn

clockwise.

it

to its
rn€rrt
porrel).

Repeot
stotionory
rotqted

Adjust
line

on

qs

fine

Adjust

justment

the

If

the

oriqinol

(screwdriver

steps

2,

cs the

from

one

ADJUSTMTWT

controls

the

fqce

the

INTENSITY

q

trqce

the

ASTIG

lront ponel)

on

of equipment

chorge

the

cir. An

qccumulqtion

cooler

be

oll

voltoge

VARIABLE

ond

cqreful

does

operotor's

reler

poge

cqnnot

pOSlttON

center

verticol

trcce

position

cdjustment

qnd

3.

of the

os

4

verticql

extreme

to

disploy

CRl.

ond

possible.

cdjustment

tends

not

qnd
with

to the

switch

using

to

occqsionll

will

give

longer

not to

of

disturb

operote

controls

the

mollunction

troubleshooting

resistqnce

those

Wqrrqnty

this monucl

be determined.

in

the

control

control

horizontqi

VARIABLE
shilts

its position,

with

the

DC

on

until

the troce

VARIABLE

to

the

other.

q

stqble

FOCUS

(screwdriver

Ior

the linest

high

copture

cleoninq

ollow

life.

properly,

h&ve.been

on

the sche-

GND posi-

lullv

counter-

to

center

line

control

nRf

the

remqins

control

horizontql

controls

trqce.

volt-

some

com--

Use

compo-

moy

techi-

ihecks.
Service

if the

the

on

the

lullv

returir

odiust_

fiont

is

lor

qd-

36

CRT

VERTICAT

t.

Set the
position.

Set the verticql
wise

to

Connect
tocle

ond set

4.

Connect
so thct
the

oscilloscope.

CAI.IBRATION

VOTTAGE/CM

the

the probe

the tip

the

VARIABLE
position.

CAL

the probe

ol the probe

SVp-p

coble

squore

control

control

to the

for l0:l

to the

wqve

Figure

ro the .l

V INPUT
ottenuqtion.

CAl_[-ljock

is disployed

Model

V/cm

fully

clock-

recep-

145O with Tih Stand

43.

on

CRT

Positioning

Adjust

5.

disploy
srgnqI..

6.

The verticql
exoctly
the

oscilloscope

qire

resistor
verticol
ment locqted
circuit
in

the

scope

-ftn

cDcD

the sync

two lull

omplitude

5 cm. I{

VRI

dellection.

boqrd.

upper

ossembly.

on

This

right-hond

v

ond sweep

cycles

of the

colibrqtion

lrom

the

(GAIN

the verticql

boqrd

VRI

ADI)
is

is
portion

speed

ol the

cqse

squqre

disploy

is

requiied,

ond

odjust vori-

Ior

exqitlv

qn

internql

omplifier printed

horizontollv

of

thl

controls

wcrve

should

remove

5 cm

qdiust-

iocqted

oscillo-

to

be

Tih stand included

Prrll

wire foot

dorrun to tih

under

unh.

unit.

37

WARRANTY

(For

U.S.A.

SERVICE

and its

INSTRUCTTONS

Overseas

Territories)

Refer

1.
adjustments

Z. If

your list of

If
distributor

DYNASCAN
product, and
materials

DYNASCAN
component
factory

receipt.

To
mailing

Cortland

result of
removed.

the above-mentioned

pack

describing
(UPS

list enclosed

for

for

service

obtain

the

Street, Chicago,

Erclusions:

tnauthorized

MAINTENANCE

the

to

may be applicable.

that

does not correct

securely

it

the

preferred in U.S.A.)

authorized

name of

the

Also use this

CORPORATION

the component

period

a

will,

parts upon delivery

department,

warranty coverage

enclosed

This

(preferably

problem

with r:nit).

of

without charge,

wananty

yldrranty

alte;v,tions

and include

B &

your

B & K-hecision,

address

year

one

accompanied

Illinois

does

section

in the original

to the

K-hecision
nearest service

4050 North

for technical

LIMITED ONE-YEAR

warrzlnts to

parts

from the

to

in the U.S.A., this

registration

60635 within

ne€uest

Factory

Chicago,

Tel

Telex: Z5-3475

thereof,

repair or replace,

an authorized

not appty

repdiis. It

or

of

the

your

name

B&K-hecisioauthorized

service

agencyr or

Dlmascan

Service Operations

Ravenswood

Illinois

(312)

327'7270

inquiries

the original
will be

date of

proof of the

by

card to

fifteen

the event pf

in

is rroid

your

problem

carton

agencies

purchase.

product

& K-hecision

B

you

are experiencing

or double-packed).

and address.

has been misplaced,

write to:

Corporation

Avenue

606 l3

and replacement

WARRANTY

purchaser

free from defects in

its option, defective

at

B & K-hecision

purchase

must be registered

DYNASCANT

(15)

days from the

misuse

if the seridl

instruction

Deliver to,

parts

that its

service

date in the

B & K-hecisiorr

date of

or abuse

number

or

service

orders.

workmanship and

contractor or

by completing

of the

is altered,

manual

your

with

Enclose

ship

agency

contact

B & K-Precision

product

form of a

purchase.

prcduct

unitt

a letter

PREPAID

6460

or

defaced

for

(see

your

or

the

sales

and

$rest

os c

or

DYNASCAN shall

damages

consequential

This wananty

state to

For
authorized
service cannot
4050

shipment.

B &

territories.

sells.

38

resulting from

damages, so

state.

your

convenience

to

North Ravenswood

K-hecision

In other countries, each

not be liable

loss of use. Some

the above

gives you

we

make repairs

be

obtained

Avenue, Chicago,

Test

Instruments

for any consequential

limitation or exclusion

specific rights

suggest

or

locally,

you

refer

can

please

warrants

distributor warrants the B & K-hecision

states do

you

and

contact

you

send the

Illinois 60613,

may

your

to the

unit

products

damages,

not allow limitation of incidental

may not apply to

also have other rights which vary from

g

K-hecision

&

nearest

to

B & K-hecision

properly packaged

sold only in the U.S.A. and its overseas

including without limitation

you.

distributor, who may be

service

contractor. If warranty

Service

to avoid damage in

Department,

products

which

or

it