H(PBECiligffi'I'
H(PBECilJ#gd'
lnstruction
Manual
PN:
481 400'9-00'l
Printed
in Chlna
@2002
8&K
Precision
CorP
22820
Savi
Ranch
ParkwaY
Yorba
Linda,
CA 92887
USA
TEL:
(714) 921-9095
FAx.
(714J 921 6422
w.DKpreclslon
com
1148
Analog
Multimeter
SAFETY
^r
wanNthrc
An
electrical shock
causing 1 0 mA
of
current
tc
pass
through
the heart
will
strtp most
httnan lrcarlbeats.
\/oltage
as
/ow
as 35
volts
dc or ac rms
should
be
considered
dangerotts and
hazardotts
since
it can
produca a lethal currcnt under
ceftain
conditions.
Higher
currents are
even
rnore
dangerotts.
Observe the following
safety
precautions:
1.
Nevor apply input
voltages
ltreater
than those listed in
the
"SPECIFICA-
TIONS" section.
Personal injury
or damage
to
thc
instrument may
occLlr.
2.
This meter is
not recommended
for
high
rroltage
indr-rstrial
rrse;
for
example.
not for measurements
of
440
\1
AC or
600
\/
AC industrial
powe!.
mains.
The
unit is intended
for use with
low energy oircttits
to
/50 V AC or l0fl0
V DC
or
high energy
circuits
to 250 V
DC or AC. Accidental
misuse by connection
across a
high voltage,
high energy
power
sotlrce
when lhe
meter is set
rrp
for
mA measurement
may be
very
hazardous.
3. Turn
equipment
off before making
rest
connections
in high voltage
circuits
Discharge hlgh
voltage
capacitors aftg!"remDVinq
power.
4. When making
voltage or
current measurements
in high voltage eqtlipment,
never touch equipment,
meter,
or test
leads
urhile power
is
applied.
5. lf
possible,
familiarize
yotlrself with
the
eqLripment
boinq tested and
ihe
location
of its
high
voltage
points.
Flowever.
remenlbor
thal
hiqh
voliage
mav
appear
at unexpected
points
in defective eqrlipmer]l.
6. Be
careful
to
avoid
touching a
hiqh
voltage
point.
Remember
tllat ac line
volf-
age mav
be
present
in equipment under
test
(for
example, at on-nIf
switch'
fuses, lransformer.
etc.). any
time the eqllipment
is
connercted
to
an ac otitlet,
even if it is
turned off.
7.
When removing
the cover
for servicing or battery
replacernent,
remove test
leads and
make sure that
the inpLtt
is
disconnected
from any high
voltage.
8. Use
the time
proven
"one
hand
in
lhe
pocket"
technique
while handling an
instrument
probe.
Be
particularly
careful
to
avoid
contacting a
nearby metal
object that
could
provide
a
good
ground
return
path.
10,
When
using a
probe,
only
touch the insulated
ponion.
Never touch the
exposed
tip
ponion.
Use an insula.ted floor material
or a large, insulated
floor mat to
stand
on, and
an insulated work surface on
which to
place
equipment;
make certain such
surfaces are not damp
or
wet.
When testing ac
powered
equipment, remember that
ac
line voltage is usually
present
on some
power
input
circuits such as on-off
swilches,
fuses,
power
transformers,
etc., any time the equipment
is connected to
an
ac out-let. This
is true even if the
eouioment is turned off.
Some equipment with a two-wire
ac
power
cord. including
some
with a
polar-
ized
power plug,
is the
"hot
chassis" type.
This includes most recent tele-
vision
receivers and audio
equipment. A
plastic
or wooden cabinet insulates
the chassis
to
protect
the customer. When
the cabinet is removed for servic-
ing, a serious
shock hazard exists if
the chassis is touched. To make
measurements in
"hot
chassis'equipmenl.
always connect an isolation trans-
former
between the ac outlet and
the equipment under test. The
BK Precision Model TR-1 1
0 or 1 604 lsolation Transformer,
or Model 1653 or
1655 AC Power Supply
is suitable for most
applications. To be on the safe
side, treat
all two-wire ac
powered
equipment as
"hot
chassis" unless
you
are
sure it has an isolated
or eanh
ground
chassis.
On inslruments
or any equipment with
a three-wire
ac
power plug,
only
use a
3-wire
outlet. This is a safety feature
to keep the housing
or other exposed
elements at
eanh
ground.
Never
work alone. Someone
should be nearby
to render aid if necessary.
Training
in CPR
(cardio-pulmonary
resuscitation) first
aid is highly
recommended.
SPECIFICATIONS
Accuracy
specifications
apply
from
+
DC
VOLTS
Ranges:
SensitivitY:
AccuracY:
AC
VOLTS
Ranges:
SensitivitY:
i
Accuracy@50/60H2:
:
FrequencY
ResPonse:
(t1 dB)
bc
cuRnelt
j
,
Ranges:
'
Accuracy:
Burden
Voltage
hrstsratce
Ranges:
AccuracY:
Maximum
OPen
Circuit
Voltage:
Maximum
Short
Circuit
Current:
18
"C
to
+28
"C
0-300mV,
3V,
12V'
30
V'
'120
V'
300
v, 1 200
v
20,000
ohms
Per
volt
t
3olo
of
full scale
0-12V,
120V,
300v,
1200v
9,000
ohms
Per
volt
t
4%
of
full scale
12
V
range:
40 Hz
to 100
kHz
120
V
range:
40 Hz
to
10 kHz
300
V range:
40
Hz to
5
kHz
1200
V range:
40
Hz
to 1
kHz
0-50pA,
3mA.
30mA,
300mA,12A
t 3%
of
full
scale
Less
than
600
mV
RX1,
0 to
2
kohms,
mid
scale
20
ohms
RXl0,
0 to
20
kohms,
mid
scale
200
ohms
R
X 1k,
0 to
2
Mohms,
midscale
20
kohms
R
X
10k, 0
to 20
Mohms,
midscale
200
kohms
I 3%
of
full
scale
RXl,Xl0,Xlkranges:3V
R X
10k
range:
9
V
R X
1
rangei
150
mA
RX
10
range:
15 mA
RXlkrange:150PA
R X
10K
range:
100
UA
11.
12
13
BATTERY TEST
(good
-
bad scale)
Range:
1.5 V range for battery tesl only
Load:
7.5 ohms
Battery Drain: 200mA
TRANSISTOR LEAKAGE TEST
(lceo
scale)
Ranges: 0 to
150
pA
on RXlk range
0 to
15
mA on
R X
10
range
0 to 150 mA on R X 1 range
Accuracy:
t 5% of scale arc
Maximum Applied Voltage: 3
V, voltage measured on
LV scale
TRANSISTOR
GAIN MEASUREMENT
Range:
0 to 1,000 measured
on hFE scale wilh
range
switch set
to R X 10
dB MEASUREMENT
(dB
scale)
Ranges. .
0 dB Reference:
Accuracy:
Test Leads :
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS
Movement:
Scale Length:
Polarity:
Power Source:
Overload Protection:
Operating
Temperature:
Dimensions:
(HxWxD).
Weight:
Accessories Supplied:
Optional Accessories:
-10
dB
to
+23
dB on
12 V AC
range
+10
dB to 43 dB on 120VAC range
+18
dB to 51 dB on 300 V AC
range
+30
dB on
+63
dB on
1200 V AC range
1 mW across 600 ohms
t 3% of scale arc
Special, supplied
Jeweled
pivots,
50
pA
full scale
3-112
inches, mirrored scale
+or-,
polarity
reversal switch
Batteries: Two 1.5 V
AA and one 9 V
250 volt ceramic fuse. Not for high
energy
powpr
measurements
above 250 volts.
0to+40"C
5-314" x3-718"
x 1-318"
(147
x 99
x 35 mm)
11 oz.
(308 g)
with batteries
Batteries
Test
leads, 1 red and 1 black
Transistor test leads
lnstruction manual.
Carrying
case, LC-298
CONTROLS
and INDICATORS
Fig. 1 Controls
and
indlcators
5.
Scale Mirror
Helps
eliminate measurement errors
caused by
parallax
when viewing scale
Q
Scale
Measurement
scale
for
resistance readings.
DCV,A&ACVScale
Measurement
scale for DC volts,
DC amperes and AC volts .
BATT. 1.5V
Scale
Scale for measuring
condition
(good/?/bad)
of
1.5
volt batteries.
hrr Scale
Scale
for measuring
transistor
gain.
lceo,
LV and Ll Scale
Measurement
scale
for
transistor leakage.
dB Scale
Measurement scale for
decibels
(dB).
Function/Range
Selector
Rotary switch
to select measurement range
and function.
DC+,
DC-
(Polarity)
Switch
Polarity
selector for DC voltage
and current.
0Q . ADJust
Zero ohms
adjust before taking resistance
measuremenls
(leads
shorted).
11. COM
Jack
Input for black,
negative
polarity
(common
or reference) test lead.
12. VQmA
Jack
Input for red,
positive
polarity,
test
lead
for most measurements except
1 2 A range.
13.
DC12A Jack
Red,
positive
polarity
test
lead input for current measurements up to 12 A.
14.
Meter Zero
Mechanical
adjustment to set
pointer
of meter
to exact
zero
position
when
power
is off.
6
OPERATING
INSTRUGTIONS
A
Awnnltuc
Be
sure to
read thoroughty
undersland
and
follow the
practics
given
in the SAFEW
section
ol this
manual
to
reduce the
risk of
electrical
shock.
GENERAL
CARE
and
OPERATING
TIPS
Mako
sure batteries
are in
good
condition;
see the
MAINTENANCE
saction
of this
manual
for battery
replacement
instructions
Always
view the meter
pointer
so
that its
reflection
in
the scalo
minor ls
directly
behind
it. This
eliminates
parallax
errors
When the
meter
leads
are
ramovod,
the
pointer
should
be al
exact zero
lf
needed.
adjust
the
pointer
to
read zero
by tapping
the meter
face
gently
whlle
adjusting
tha
mechanical
zero
screw.
The
greatest
accuracy
is
achieved
when
readings
are in the
upper
part
of the
meler
scale. As a
general
rule,
select
the next
lower
range when rsadlngs
are less
than half
scale.
After
completing
your
measurements,
set the
Functlon/Range
swltch
to
ACV
and
remove
leads
from the
meter.
Never
leave the Functlon/Range
switch
in
the Q
Dosition
to conserve
battery
power.
v.
10.
DC
VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS
N
tout'o*
Nevdr
try
to measure
voltages
greater
than
120o
v.
Higher
voltages
could
damage
the meter
and/or
increase
the risk
of
electical
shock
To
prevent instrument
damage.
always set
the
Function/Range
selector to
a rango
highor
than
the maximum
voltage
you
expect
to measure.
ff the
voltage
is unknown.
staft
with the
highest
range'
Plug
black
test lead
into
the COM
jack
and
red test
lead
into the
VQmA
jack
Set Polarity
selector
to
DC+
or DC
-
as determined
by
polarity
of
voltago
vou intend
to
measure.
1
3
Set Function/Range
switch to desired
V: range.
lf range is
unknown,
select
1200 V.
4. Connect
black
test lead
to
point
of reference
(common),
red test lead
to
desired
measuring
point.
The
common
should never
exceed 600 V
(DC
+
AC
peak)
with respect
to earth
ground.
5. Read
voltage
at related
scale. For
best accuracy,
try to
get
a reading
of al
least 1/3
scale deflection.
AC
VOLTAGE
MEASUREMENTS
CAUTION
Never
try to measure
voltages
greater
than 12OO V. Higher volt-
ages could
damage
the meter
and/or increase
the risk of electrical
shock.
To
prevent
instrument
damage,
always
set the Function/Range
selector
to a range
higher
than the
maximum voltage
you
expect
to measure.
lf the voltage
is unknown,
staft
with the highest range.
1.
Plug black
test lead
into the COM
iack
and red
test lead into
the VCImA
jack.
2. Set Function/Range
switch
to desired
V- range. lf range
is unkndwn,
select 1200 V.
3.
Connect black
test lead
to
point
of
reference
(common),
red test lead to
desired measuring
point.
The
common
should
never exceed
600
V
(DC
+
RC
peak)
with respect
to earth
ground.
4. Read
voltage at related
scale.
For best
results,
try
to
get
a
reading
of at
least 1/3
scale deflection.
RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS
CAUTION
Never apply
a voltage to the input
terminals
when the reslslance
function is selected to avoid damage to the meter. Before taking
a
resisfance
measurement, make
sure circuit under test is elect-
rically
"cold",
power
off and any capacitors discharged.
Plug black test lead into the COM
jack
and
red test
lead
into the VOmA
jack,
Sel
FunctionlRange
switch
to desired ohms/resistance
range.
3. Shonleads together firmly and verify that
pointer
rests on
exact
zelo ohms
lf needed, adjust the 0c, ADJ control to assure
poinler
rests
on zero Repeal
this check each time range is changed. lf
pointer
cannot be zeroed, one
or
both
batteries may
be
weak
See
the MAINTENANCE section of this manual
to check and/or replace the batteries.
4. Connect test leads across component or circuit
being measured. Obtain
correct resistance value by multiplying scale
reading by X lactor
(X1/X1o/etc)
of
range selected For besl accuracy, select a range that
gives
a reading as close as
possible
to the zero end
of the
scale.
NOTE
,
When
making resistance measurements,
be aware that the open
circuit
voltage
between the - COM and
+
terminals is high enough
to foruard-bias
typical semiconductors.
This voltage is about 3V in
the X1, X1 0, Xl K ranges and about I V in the X10K range.
I
OUT-OF-CIRGUIT DIODE TESTS
i||
I
fh"
resistance function
of this meter can be
used to check the forward/reverse
i
resistance ratio
of diode devices.
This is not a " fool-proof " test, but it's reason-
I
abty
reliable in most cases
Also, see
Transistor Tests for more semiconductor
'
checks.
'l
.
Remove diode or similar device beinq
tested from circuit.
2. Select desired resistance range, typically Xl
K.
*
)1
3. Connect test leads
across diode, then reverse
connections Resistance ratio
shorrld
be at
least
10,000:1.
near infinl$ in
one direction and low resistance
in other
direction.
. lf meter reading is
near infinitv
in
both
directions, the
diode
device is
probably
open.
. lf meter
reading is very low
in
both directions, the
diode
devico is
probably
shorted
TRANSISTOR
MEASUREMENTS
This
meter
providos
three transistor
measurement: leakage.
amplification factor and
had/good
condition. These measurements
are made with
the
use of transistor
test
socl<bi, i6distanco
function and trensistor
scales of this meter Both NPN
and PNP
transistors
can
be
testsd.
Translstor
hFE test
1. Sqi the Functlon/Range
selector
to R X
10,
with two test
probe plugod
in
COM and
VQmA
jack,
short the leads and maks
0 ohm adjustment
with 0OADJ knob.
2. IfyouaretestinganNPNtransistorinsertthetransistortolowerthreeholesofthe
socket
with black marklng NPN.
as the
fig.2
shown,
and
get
reading
on blus
hre
scale:
lt
reads lc/le = hrr
Translstor lcEo
test
1
. Set tho Function/Rango
selector to a appropriato O range,
make zero ohnrn
ad.justment, insert the
C and E leads
to the transistor test socket,
as shown
in
Fig,3,
read
the
leakage
current
value
on
Ll scale
according to the short circuit
current of
various
resistance
range.
2. The lceo
could also be measurcd by using
test leads in-qtead
of tost sockol. Contacl
Black
probe
to C laad of NPN transistor
or E
of
PNP transistor,
and connecl Red
probe
to E
of
NPI'l
or
C of PNP
transistor, also read
lceo on Ll scare.
Fig.
2 hre test
Fig.3
lceo test
Bad /
good
Judgment
. Transislor
bad, open:
Zero
(0)
reading
in both states,
with base
open or closed.
. Transistor
bad, collector-to-emitter
short: High reading
in both
stales, with base
oDen
or closed.
Note
Germanium
Transistors
Note:
The leakage current in
these translstors
always
flows
lo the collector.
This
causes an error
in the amplification
factor reading.
To
compensate
forthis
error, subtract
the reading on the
ICEO scale
from the reading
on the hFE
scale.
DC
CURRENT
MEASUREMENTS
lNwrnuue
. Always
connect
meter in
seies with load when
measuing
cumnt.
lf
you
incorrectly
connect it in
parallel
with
the load. it
provides
a low
impedance
path,
almost
a short. shunting
tho
load.
This
high
cunent
path
could damage
the metor
and/or equipment
under
tost.
. Always
select
a range high
enough to
pass
the cunent
you
plan
to
measure.
lf current
value is
unknown, or in
doubt. staft with
the
+
1
2V range.
Never exceed
the current range
selected
or range
of
the related
jack.
. Only
use this
meter to measure
dc cunents:
never try to
use it to
measure
ac curent.
Plug
black test
lead into
the
COM
jack.
Plug
rest lest lead
into appropriate
jack
for current
level that
you
intend
to
measure. Use
the DC+'l2A
jack
for currbnt levels
greater
than
0.3 A
(300
mA) but not
exceeding 12
A.
Set the FunctionlRange
switch to
appropriate range.
Remove
power
from
circuit under
test. it must
be electrically
"cold".
Open
circuit
at a
point
that does
not
exceed
600 V
(DC
+
AC
peak)
from
earth
ground,
or chassis
of the
equipment under
test.
1'!
,1
q
:2
I
13,
4
10
5.
Connect
meter in series with line
opened; red test lead to
positive
(+)
side,
black test lead to
negative
(-)
side of this line.
6 Apply
power
to circuit
and obtain current value by reading related scale
al
meter.
For best accuracy, make
sure range selected
gives
a reading of at
least 1/3 scale deflection.
7. Turn
power
off and restore circuit to its
original condition.
dB
MEASUREMENTS
The dB function
of
this
meter is actually an ac voltage
measurement scaled
to
read
in dB. Zero
dBm,
labeled
as 0 dB at this meter, equals 07746 V rms
(1
mW into 600 ohms). lf lhe measurement
is taken across an impedance other
than
600 ohms, use the following
table to determine the meter correclion factor.
Algebraically add the
correction factor
(in
dB) to
the
meter
reading
(in
dB) for
the
correct value in dBm.
1. Connect
black test lead to COM
iack and
red test
lead to + iack. 0
MAINTENANCE
zN
wanrurrue
To
avoid
personal
harm
and/or damage
to
the equipment.
remove
test
leads
before
changing
batteries,
or
fuse,
or servicina
meter.
BATTERY
REPLACEMENT
This
meter
uses
three
batteries:
two
.l
.5V
"AA,'
batteries
for
the
Xi
,
X10,
X1 K
ranges
and
one I V
bailery
for
the X l
0K range.
The
Fig.4
below
snows
the location
of the
batteries
and
two
prolective
fuses.
Test
batteries
when
you
are near
the full
adjustment
limit
of 0e
ADJ
in
any of the
resistance
ranges.
Be
sure
to replace
low
or
discharged
batteries prompfly.
Low
batteries
leak
corrosive
acid.
2. Select the
desked ACV
range. The dB scale is calibrated
for a
direct reading
on the 12 VAC range.
Other
ranges
can be used by adding an
appropriate factor as shown in the following
cha rt.
3.
Read
value shown on dB
scale and
add any
compensation factors
as
determined by
your
operating
range and/or
impedance if its
value
is not 600
ohms.
ACV RANGE1)120 300 120(
ADD dB 0 20 28 40
ACV/dB Range Compensation
o20
.E
c
ln
a
on
O,rn
o
o -?o
6F22
9V
F 0.5A,/250V
Fig.4
Battery
and
fuse
reptacement
-30
F't2N250V
t.)
12
1. Remove
rear case,
held by two
Phillips
screws
2. Note
polarity
and
arrangement
of batteries,
then remove
batteries
and
replace
cover.
3. Plug black
test
lead into
coM
jack,
red test lead
into VCImA
jack.
4, Set
Function/Range
to
BATT.
1.5 V to test
"AA"
batterias
Discard
and
replace if
pointer
rests
in BAD or
? area of scale.
When
replacing, be
sure
to replace both
batteries
of set. Set
Functioni
Range to DCV,
12 V to
test 9 V battery'
Discard and
replace if
pointer
reads less lhan
I V.
5. After seruicing,
replace cover and
securing screws.
FUSE REPLACEMENT
This meter
is
protected
by a Fast
0.5A,/250V
and a 12N250V
5 x 20 mm
fuse.
lf the
meter is inoperative,
the fuse
is
probably
blown.
To replace
the
fuse'
remove rear
cover
which is held by
two Phillips
screws.
Only replace
fuse with the
original
type
TEST LEADS
Periodically
examine
the test leads
lo ensure
they are not
intermittent
or broken
Also, make
sure
that
good
contact
pressure
exists
between
the
jack
and
recep-
tacles. Keeo
contact areas
clean and
free from dirt.
H(PffiCisffFg'
B&K Precision
Corp. warrants
to the original
purchaser
that
its
product
and lhe
component
parts
thereof, will
be free from defects
in workmanship
and
materials for
a
period
of one
year
from the date
of
purchase.
B&K Precision
Corp. will,
without
charge, repair or replace,
at its
option,
defeclive
product
or component
parts.
Returned
product
must b€
accompanied
by
proof
of
the
purchase
date
in the form a sales
receipt.
To
obtain warranty
coverage in
the U.S.A., this
product
must be
registered
by compleling
and mailing
the enclosed warranty
card to:
B&K Precision
Cory.,
22820 Savi Ranch
P'arkway Yorba
Linda,
CA 92887
within fifteen
(1
5) days
from
proof
of
purchase
date.
Exclusions:
Thls
warranty does
not apply in the
event of misuse
or abuse
of the
product
or as a result
of unauthorized
alternaflons
or repairs.
lt is vold
lfthe serial number
ls alternated,
defaced
or
removed.
B&K Precision
Corp. shall
not be liable for
any consequential
damages,
including without
limitation
damages resulting
from loss
of use. Some
states do nol
allow limitation
of incidental or consequential
damages,
so the above
limitation
or exclusion may not
apply to
you.
This warranty
gives
you
speciflc rights
and
you
may have other rights,
which vary
from state{o-state.
Model Number
Date Purchased:
15
14
H(PffiCiffi'
Service
Information
Warranty
Servlce:
Pleaso
return the
product
in
the orlglnal
packeglng
wlth
proof
of
purchese
to
tho below address
Clearly
state
In writlng
the
parformanc€
probl6m
and
return any
l6ads,
connectors
and accessories
that
you
ara
uslng
wlth the devlce,
Non-Warranty
Servlce:
Raturn
tha
product
In the orlglnal
packaglng
to
tha below
addi6s9.
Cloerly
state
In wrltlng
ih€
perfolmanca
problem
and
return
eny l6ads,
connectors
end accessorlos
that
you
are uslng
wlth the
devlce.
CuEtomers
not on
opan
account must
Includ€
paymont
In th€
form of a
mon6y
ord6f or credlt
card. For
the most
cunent
repair
chargeB
contact
the factory
bofore shipping
the
product.
Return
all merchandlse
to B&K
Preclslon Corp
wlth
pre'pald
shlpplng.
Tho flat-rets
repalr
charge Includes
relurn shlpping
to
locatlons
ln North
Amerlca, For
overnlght
shlpments
and non-North
America
shlpping
fees
contact
B&K Proclslon
CorP..
B&K PreclBlon
Gorp.
2282O
Savi
Ranch
Parkway
Yorba
Linda,
CA 92887
Phone:
714-921-9095
Facsimile:
7 1
4-521
-6422
Email:
service@bkprecision.com
Include
wlth the
Instrument
your
complete
return
shlpplng
address,
contact
namo,
phone
number and
descrlptlon
of
problem.
22820
Savi
Ranch
ParkwaY
Yorba
Linda, CA
92887
Tel:
71 4-921
-9095
Fax:7 14-921-6422
16
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