M651 Multifunction Digital Transducer
November 14, 2013
ML0039 Document Revision F
© 2013 by Bitronics, LLC
User Manual
ML0039 November 14, 2013 Copyright 2013 Bitronics, LLC
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
50 SERIES MANUAL SET ............................................................................................................................. 5
VERSION HISTORY (ABRIDGED) ................................................................................................................ 5
CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................................ 6
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................................... 6
WARRANTY AND ASSISTANCE .................................................................................................................. 6
AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION ................................................................ 7
COPYRIGHT NOTICE .................................................................................................................................... 7
TRADEMARKS ............................................................................................................................................... 7
SAFETY SECTION ......................................................................................................................................... 8
Health and safety ........................................................................................................................................... 8
Explanation of symbols and labels ................................................................................................................ 8
WARNING: EMISSIONS – CLASS A DEVICE (EN55011) ........................................................................ 10
DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL ....................................................................................................... 10
1.0 DESCRIPTION & SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................... 11
1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 11
1.2 Features ................................................................................................................................................ 11
1.3 Specifications ........................................................................................................................................ 11
1.4 Standards and Certifications................................................................................................................. 17
1.4.1 Revenue ........................................................................................................................................ 17
1.5 Environment .......................................................................................................................................... 17
2.0 PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION & MOUNTING ....................................................................................... 20
2.2 Initial Inspection .................................................................................................................................... 22
2.3 Protective Ground/Earth Connections .................................................................................................. 22
2.4 Overcurrent Protection .......................................................................................................................... 22
2.5 Supply/Mains Disconnect ..................................................................................................................... 22
2.6 Instrument Mounting ............................................................................................................................. 22
2.7 Cleaning ................................................................................................................................................ 23
3.0 BACK PANEL & WIRING ...................................................................................................................... 24
3.1 Auxiliary Power ..................................................................................................................................... 25
3.1.1 Specifications (per section 1.3) ..................................................................................................... 26
3.2 VT Inputs – VA, VB, VC, VN (See Appendix A1 and Section 1.3) ....................................................... 26
3.3 CT Inputs – IA, IB, IC (See Appendix A1 and section 1.3) ................................................................... 26
3.4 Serial Ports (See section 4.2) ............................................................................................................... 27
3.5 Ethernet ................................................................................................................................................ 27
3.5.1 Network settings ............................................................................................................................ 28
3.5.2 Indicators – Ethernet (ACT) & Serial LEDs ................................................................................... 29
3.5.3 Firmware upgrades and saving and loading configuration files – Ethernet service port ............... 30
4.0 OPERATION .......................................................................................................................................... 32
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4.1 Serial Port ............................................................................................................................................. 32
4.1.1 RS485 Connections....................................................................................................................... 32
5.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION .............................................................................................................. 35
5.1 Configuration ......................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2 HTML Web Server ................................................................................................................................ 35
5.3 Passwords ............................................................................................................................................. 35
5.4 Using the M651 with a Bitronics Analog Output Converter .................................................................. 35
5.5 Performing set-up through the web page interface .............................................................................. 37
6.0 MEASUREMENTS ................................................................................................................................. 51
6.1 Changing Transformer Ratios............................................................................................................... 51
6.2 Current .................................................................................................................................................. 51
6.2.1 Residual Current ............................................................................................................................ 51
6.3 Voltage Channels ................................................................................................................................. 52
6.4 Voltage Aux .......................................................................................................................................... 52
6.5 Power Factor ........................................................................................................................................ 52
6.6 Watts / Volt-Amperes (VAs) / VARs (Uncompensated) ........................................................................ 52
6.6.1 Geometric VA Calculations ........................................................................................................... 53
6.7 Compensated Watts and VARs (Line and Transformer Loss Compensation) ..................................... 55
6.8 Energy ................................................................................................................................................... 56
6.9 Frequency ............................................................................................................................................. 57
6.10 Demand Measurements ..................................................................................................................... 57
6.10.1 Ampere and Fundamental Ampere Demand .............................................................................. 58
6.10.2 Volt Demand ................................................................................................................................ 58
6.10.3 Power Demands (Total Watts, VARs, and VAs) ......................................................................... 58
6.10.4 Demand Resets ........................................................................................................................... 59
6.10.5 Demand Interval .......................................................................................................................... 59
6.11 Harmonic Measurements.................................................................................................................... 59
6.11.1 Voltage Distortion (THD) ............................................................................................................. 59
6.11.2 Current Distortion (THD and TDD) .............................................................................................. 59
6.11.3 Fundamental Current .................................................................................................................. 60
6.11.4 Fundamental Voltage .................................................................................................................. 61
6.11.5 K-Factor ....................................................................................................................................... 61
6.11.6 Displacement Power Factor ........................................................................................................ 61
6.11.7 Phase Angles .............................................................................................................................. 62
6.12 Heartbeat and Health Check .............................................................................................................. 62
6.13 List of Available Measurements & Settings ........................................................................................ 63
6.14 Calibration ........................................................................................................................................... 63
6.15 Instantaneous Measurement Principles ............................................................................................. 64
6.15.1 Sampling Rate and System Frequency ....................................................................................... 64
7.0 ANALOG TRANSDUCER OUTPUT OPTION ....................................................................................... 65
7.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 65
7.2 Specifications ........................................................................................................................................ 65
7.3 Connections .......................................................................................................................................... 65
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................................... 68
A1 CT/VT Connection Diagrams ................................................................................................................ 68
A2 Ethernet Troubleshooting ...................................................................................................................... 73
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50 SERIES MANUAL SET
ML0035 M650 Family User Manual
ML0036 50 Series DNP3 Protocol
ML0037 50 Series Modbus Protocol
ML0038 M350 Family User Manual
ML0039 M651 Family User Manual
ML0040 M653 Family User Manual
VERSION HISTORY (ABRIDGED)
V1.010 2010-03-25 M650M3x51x models with firmware download capability
V1.030 2010-05-14 Add 0-1mA, add per-phase power demands to protocols
V1.040 2010-06-17 Add M350 models, add configurable display screens
V1.050 2010-07-14 Add secondary volts screens, more info to front panel menu
V1.060 2010-07-20 Add support for B3 models
V1.070 2010-08-03 Add support for 1A input and 4-20mA output
V1.090 2010-10-27 Add support for M651 models
V2.010 2011-02-18 Add supp or t f or configurable points/registers
V3.000 2011-09-08 Add support for M653 models, split-core CTs, passwords,
analog events, frozen counter events, binary events, Primary
Units
V3.020 2011-09-28 Production support changes
V3.030 2011-12-13 Modbus and DNP serial address settings configurable in
front panel menu; error reporting on front panel display
V3.060 2012-06-19 Changed password default to none
V3.070 2012-08-28 Bug fix
V3.080 2013-06-14 Add support for loss compensation calculation
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CERTIFICATION
Bitronics LLC certifies that the calibration of our products is based on measurements
using equipment whose calibration is traceable to the United States National Institute
of Standards Technology (NIST).
INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE
Bitronics LLC products are designed for ease of installation and maintenance. As with
any product of this nature, installation and maintenance can present electrical hazards
and should be performed only by properly trained and qualified personnel. If the
equipment is used in a manner not specified by Bitronics LLC, the protection provided
by the equipment may be impaired.
In order to maintain UL recognition, the following Conditions of Acceptability shall
apply:
a) After installation, all hazardous live parts shall be protected from contact by
personnel or enclosed in a suit able enc l os ur e.
WAR R ANTY AND AS S I S T ANCE
This product is warranted against defects in materials and workmanship for a period of
one-hundred-and-twenty (120) months from the date of their original shipment from
the factory. Products repaired at the factory are likewise warranted for eighteen (18)
months from the date the repaired product is shipped, or for the remainder of the
product's original warranty, whichever is greater. Obligation under this warranty is
limited to repairing or replacing, at our designated facility, any part or parts that our
examination shows to be defective. Warranties only apply to products subject to
normal use and service. There are no warranties, obligations, liabilities for
consequential damages, or other liabilities on the part of Bitronics LLC except this
warranty covering the repair of defective materials. The warranties of merchantability
and fitness for a particular purpose are expressly excluded.
For assistance, contact Bitronics LLC at:
Telephone: 610.997.5100
Fax: 610.997.5450
Email: bitronics@novatechweb.com
Website: www.novatechweb.com/bitronics
Shipping:
261 Brodhead Road
Bethlehem, PA 18017-8698
USA
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AUTHORIZED REPRESENTATIVE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
NovaTech Europe BVBA
Kontichsesteenweg 71
2630 Aartselaar
Belgium
T +32.3.458.0807
F +32.3.458.1817
E info.europe@novatechweb.com
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
This manual is copyrighted and all rights are reserved. The distribution and sale of
this manual is intended for the use of the original purchaser or his ag ents . This
document may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated or
reduced to any electronic medium or machine-readable form without prior consent of
Bitronics LLC, except for use by the original purchaser.
The product described by this manual contains hardware and software that is
protected by copyrights owned by one or more of the following entities:
Bitronics, LLC, 261 Br odhead Road, Bethlehem, PA 18017
Schneider Automation, Inc., One High Str eet, North Andover, MA 01845
Triangle MicroWorks, Inc., 2213 Middlefield Court, Raleigh, NC 27615
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc., 6501 William Cannon Driv e West, Austi n, TX 7873 5
gzip inflation uses code Copyright 2002-2008 Mark Adler
inarp uses WinPcap, which is Copyright 1999-2005 NetGroup, Politecnico di Torino
(Italy), and 2005-2 010 CACE Technologies, Dav is (Cal i fornia) .
TRADEMARKS
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of Bitronics, LLC:
Bitronics logo Bitronics PowerPlex Triplex Triple-II
MultiComm PowerServe SubCycle Technology SubCycleStuf
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of the DNP User's Group:
DNP DNP3
The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of Schneider Automation, Inc.:
MODSOFT Modicon Modbus Plus Modbus Compact 984 PLC
ML0039 November 14, 2013 Copyright 2013 Bitronics, LLC
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SAFETY SECTION
This Safety Section should be read before commencing any work on the equipment.
Health and safety
The information in the Safety Section of the product documentation is intended to
ensure that products are properly installed and handled in order to maintain them in a
safe condition. It is assumed that everyone who will be associated with the equipment
will be familiar with the contents of the Safety Section.
Explanation of symbols and labels
The meaning of symbols and labels that may be used on the equipment or in the
product documentation is given below.
Installing, Commissioning and Servicing
Equipment connections
Personnel undertaking installation, commissioning or servicing work on this equipment
should be aware of the correct working procedures to ensure safety. The product
documentation should be consulted before installing, commissioning or servicing the
equipment.
Terminals exposed during installation, commissioning and maintenance may present a
hazardous voltage unless the equipment is electrically isolated.
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If there is unlocked access to the equipment, care should be taken by all personnel to
avoid electric shock or energy hazards.
Voltage and current connections should be made using insulated crimp terminations to
ensure that terminal block insulation requirements are maintained for safety. To
ensure that wires are correctly terminated, the correct crimp terminal and tool for the
wire size should be used.
Before energizing the equipment, it must be grounded (earthed) using the protective
ground (earth) terminal, or the appropriate termination of the supply plug in the case of
plug connected equipment. Omitting or disconnecting the equipment ground (earth)
may cause a safety hazard.
The recommended minimum ground (earth) wire size is 2.5 mm2 (#12 AWG), unless
otherwise stated in the technical data section of the product documentation.
Before energizing the equipment, the following should be checked:
Voltage rating and polarity
CT circuit rating and integrity of connections
Protective fuse rating
Integrity of ground (earth) connection (where applicable)
Equipment operating conditions
The equipment should be operated within the specified electrical and environmental
limits.
Current transformer circuits
Do not open the secondary circuit of a live CT since the high voltage produced may be
lethal to personnel and could damage insulation.
Insulation and dielectric strength testing
Insulation testing may leave capacitors charged up to a hazardous voltage. At the end
of each part of the test, the voltage should be gradually reduced to zero, to discharge
capacitors, before the test leads are disconnected.
Do not attempt to perform installation, maintenance, service or removal of this device
without taking the necessary safety precautions to avoid shock haza r ds. De-energize
all live circuit connections before work begins.
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Fiber optic communication
Where fiber optic communication devices are fitted, these should not be viewed
directly. Optical power meters should be used to determine the operation or signal
level of the device.
WARNING: EMISSIONS – CLASS A DEVICE (EN55011)
This is a Class A industrial device. Operation of this device in a residential area may
cause harmful interference, which may require the user to take adequate measures.
DECOMMISSIONING AND DISPOSAL
1. Decommissioning
The auxiliary supply circuit in the equipment may include capacitors across the supply
or to ground (earth). To avoid electric shock or energy hazards, after completely
isolating the supplies to the meter (both poles of any dc supply), the capacitors should
be safely discharged via the external terminals before decommissioning.
2. Disposal
It is recommended that incineration and disposal to watercourses is avoided. The
product should be disposed of in a safe manner. Any products containing batteries
should have them removed before disposal, taking precautions to avoid short circuits.
Particular regulations within the country of operation may apply to the disposal of
lithium batteries.
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1.0 DESCRIPTION & SPECIFICATIONS
1.1 Introduction
The M651 family of multifunction SCADA digital transducers provides a range of
measurement and communications capabilities for 3-phase metering. They offer
superior communications flexibility and easy setup.
The following Model M651 Multifunction Digital Transducer types are covered in this
manual:
B3 - Multifunction Sta n dar d, 3-Phase
M3 - Multifunction Advanced, 3-Phase
1.2 Features
1. Full basic measurement set with optional demand and harmonic values (M3)
2. 0.2% revenue accuracy
3. .001 Hz accuracy
4. Updates every 100ms
5. DNP3 or Modbus protocol available via configurable RS-232/RS-485 serial port
6. Available Ethernet protocol support for DNP3 TCP/UDP or Modbus TCP
7. Web Based configuration via Ethernet service port
8. Wide-range universal power supply
9. Rugged aluminum case
10. One model covers all wiring options
11. Standard transducer footprint
1.3 Specifications
Power Supply (Auxiliary) Voltage – terminal s L1(+ ) and L2(-)
Installation Category (Auxiliary Power Supply) – CAT II
Nominal: 48-250V dc, 69-240V ac (50/60Hz)
Operating Range: 36-300V dc, 55-275V ac (45-65Hz)
Burden: 8W max, 24VA max
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Input Signals – Measurement Inputs
CT
Current
Inputs
Configuration
All Input Options
3 Inputs. 3 Phase Currents (IA, IB, IC).
Nominal
Input Option 1
1A ac
Input Option 5
5A ac
Input Option C
5A ac with split-core CTs
Range
Input Option 1
0 to 2A rms continuous at all rated temperatures
Input Option 5
0 to 10A rms continuous at all rated temperatures
Input Option C
0 to 10A rms continuous at all rated temperatures
Overload
Input Option 1
Withstands 30A ac continuous, 400Aac for 2 seconds
Input Option 5
Withstands 30A ac continuous, 400Aac for 2 seconds
Input Option C
Not applicable
Isolation
Input Option 1
2500V ac, minimum.
Input Option 5
2500V ac, minimum.
Input Option C
2500V ac, minimum with external split-core current transformers.
Burden
Input Option 1
0.016VA @ 1A rms, 60Hz (0.0016ohms @ 60Hz)
Input Option 5
0.04VA @ 5A rms, 60Hz (0.0016ohms @ 60Hz)
Input Option C
Not applicable
Frequency
All Input Options
45-65 Hz
VT (PT)
Voltage
Inputs
Configuration
4 Inputs, Measures 1 Bus, 3 or 4 Wire. 3 Phase Voltages (VA, VB,
VC, VN). See Appendix A1 Connection Diagrams.
Nominal
120Vac
Range
0 to 150V rms
System Voltage
Intended for use on nominal system voltages up to 208 V rms,
phase-to-phase (120V rms, phase-to-neutral).
Common Mode
Input Voltage
Reads to 400V peak, any input-to-case (ground)
Impedance
>12M ohms, input-to-case (ground)
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Input Signals – Measurement Inputs
Voltage
Withstand
2.5kV rms 1min, input-to-case (ground)
2kV rms 1min, input-to-input
Frequency
45-65 Hz
Sampling System
Sample Rate
64 samples per cycle
Data Update Rate
Amps, Volts
Available every 100 ms
Watts, VAs, VARs,
PF
Available every 100 ms
Number of Bits
16
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Communication Ports
Serial (option*)
RS-232, RS-485, Software configurable ports
Baud rate: 9600 bps to 115.2 kbps
Ethernet
Single port; copper 10/100 Base-TX (standard)
Single port; LC fiber 10 0 Base-FX (option)
Analog Transducer Outputs (option*)
Refer to section 7.0 for specifications
*Either the serial port or analog output may be ordered as an option, but not both
Accuracy
Accuracies are specified at nominal Frequency and 25C, (unless otherwise noted). Unless noted, all values are true RMS
and include Harmonics to the 31st (minimum).
Voltage
AC: Better than 0.1% of reading (20 to 150 V rms, input-to-case). (+/25ppm/DegC)
Voltage Aux
Only included with
meters manufactured
with the monitoring
option
AC/DC: Better than 1.0% of reading
Current
Input option 1 (Internal
Isolation - 1A ac)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 20uA (>0.1A to 2.0A, -20C to 70C)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 50uA (0.01A to 0.1A, -20C to 70C)
Minimum reading 1mA
Input option 5 (Internal
Isolation - 5A ac)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 100uA (>0.5A to 10.0A, -20C to 70C)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 250uA (0.05A to 0.5A, -20C to 70C)
Minimum reading 5mA
Input option C (External
Split-Core CTs)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 100uA (>0.5A to 10.0A, -20C to 70C)
Better than 0.1% of reading +/- 250uA (0.05A to 0.5A, -20C to 70C)
Minimum reading 5mA
Frequency
+/- 0.001 Hertz
+/- 0.001 Hertz
Power
Meets or exceeds IEC
60687 0.2S
Meets or exceeds IEC 60687 0.2S
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Environmental
Operating Temperature
-40C to 70C
Relative Humidity
0-95% non-condensing
Measurement Inputs
(VTs, CTs)
Installation/Measurement
Category
CAT III (Distribution Level) Refer to definitions below.
Pollution Degree
Pollution Degree 2 Refer to definitions below.
Enclosure Protection
(to IEC60529: 2001)
Pending Test
Rear Panel: IP 20
When equipment is mounted in an appropriately rated protective enclosure to NEMA or IP
protection classifications, as required for the installation. Ratings are applicable for enclosure
category 2 (see definitions)
Altitude
Up to and including 2000m above sea level
Intended Use
Indoor use; Indoor/Outdoor use when mounted in an appropriately rated protective enclosure
to NEMA or IP protection classifications, as required for the installation.
Class 1 equipment to IEC61140: 2001
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Physical
Connections
Protective
Conductor
Terminal
10-32 Studs for connection with protective earth ground. Recommended Torque: 12 In-Lbs,
1.36 N-m
Cable temperature rating: 85C minimum
Current
(CT)
Internal Isolation - Current Input Option 1 or 5. 10-32 Studs for current inputs. Recommended
Torque: 12 In-Lbs, 1.36 N-m
Cable temperature rating: 85C minimum
External Split-Core CTs – Current Input Option C: Terminal Block accepts #22-12 AWG (0.35
to 3.3mm2) wire, or terminal lugs up to 0.325" (8.26mm) wide.
Recommended Torque: 9 In-Lbs, 1.02 N-m
Cable temperature rating: 85C minimum
Voltage
(VT) &
(AUX
PWR)
Terminal Block accepts #22-10 AWG (0.35 to 5mm2) wire, or terminal lugs up to 0.375"
(9.53mm) wide. Precautions must be taken to prevent shorting of lugs at the terminal block.
A minimum distance of 1/8" (3mm) is recommended between uninsulated lugs to maintain
insulation requirements. Recommended Torque: 9 In-Lbs, 1.02 N-m
Cable temperature rating: 85C minimum
Serial Port
6 position removable terminal bl oc k, ac cepts 26-14AWG solid or 26-12 AWG stranded wire.
Recommended Torque 7 in-lbs, 0.79 N-m.
Cable temperature rating: 85C minimum
Ethernet
RJ45, 8 position modular jack, Category 5 for copper connection; 100m (328 ft.) UTP
(unshielded twisted pair) cable.
Weight
(typical)
1.8 lbs (.8 kg)
Size
Industry standard transducer footprint, 5.25” wide x 4.5 square high, 7.0 inches long
Definitions:
Type
Nominal Current
Certification
B3, M3
1A, 5A
ANSI C12.20, 0.2CA
IEC 60687 (or 62053-22), 0,2S
Enclosure Category 2: Enclosures where no pressure difference relative to the
surrounding air is present.
Installation Category II (Overvoltage Category II) or CAT II: Equipment is intended
for connection to the fixed installation of a building. The power supply to the electronic
equipment is separated from other circuits, usually by a dedicated transformer for the
mains power supply.
Measurement/Installation Category III (Overvoltage Category III) or CAT III:
Distribution Level, fixed installation, with smaller transient overvoltages than those at
the primary supply level, overhead lines, cable systems, etc.
Pollution: Any degree of foreign matter, solid, liquid, or gaseous that can result in a
reduction of electric strength or surface resistivity of the insulation.
Pollution Degree 2: Only non-conductive pollution occurs except that occasionally a
temporary conductivity caused by condensation is to be expected.
1.4 Standards and Certifications
1.4.1 Revenue
The M651 family of digital transducers exceeds the accuracy requirements of ANSI
C12.20 and IEC 60687 (or IEC62053-22).
The M651 digital transducers were tested for compliance with the accuracy portions of
the standards only. The form fac tor of the M651 digital transducers differs fro m the
physical construction of revenue meters specified by the ANSI/IEC standards and no
attempt has been made to comply with the standards in whole. Contact customer
service for more information.
1.5 Environment
UL/CSA Recognized, File Number E164178
UL61010-1, Edition 3, Issue Date 2012/05/11
Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and
Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements
UL61010-2-30, Edition 1 – Issue Date 2012/05/11
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Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and
Laboratory Use – Part 2: Particular Requirements for Testing and Measuring Circuits
CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1-12-CAN/CSA, Edition 3, Issue Date 2012/05/01
CAN/CSA Safety Requirements for Electr i cal Eq ui pme nt for Measurement, Control,
and Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements
CSA C22.2 No. 61010-2-30-12-CAN/CSA, Edition 1 – Issue Date 2012/05/01
Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and
Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular Requirements for Testing and Measuring
Circuits
If applicable, the CE mark must be prominently marked on the case label.
European Community Directive on EMC 2004/108/EC and Directive
91/263/EC [TTE/SES].
European Community Directive on Low Voltage 2006/95/EC
Product and Generic Standards
The following product and generic standards were used to establish conformity:
Low Voltage (Product Safety)
IEC 61010-1, Edition 3, Issue Date 2013/02/01
Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and
Laboratory Use – Part 1: General Requirements
IEC 61010-2-30, Edition 1 – Issue Date 2010/06/02
Safety Requirements for Electrical Equipment for Measurement, Control, and
Laboratory Use – Part 2-030: Particular Requirements for Testing and Measuring
Circuits
EMC: EN 61326-1: 2013 (Supersedes EN61326-1: 2006), EN 61000-6-2: 2005,
EN 61000-6-4: 2007/ A1:2011 (IEC date 2010)
Radiated Emissions Electric Field Strength
EN 55011: 2009/ A1: 2010
EN 61000-6-4: 2007/ A1:2011 (IEC date 2010
Group 1, Class A
Frequency: 30 - 1000 MHz
AC Powerline Conducted Emissions
EN 55011: 2009/ A1: 2010
EN 61000-6-4: 2007/ A1:2011 (IEC date 2010
Group 1, Class A
Frequency: 150 kHz – 30 MHz
Electrostatic Discharge (ES D)
EN61000-4-2: 2009
Discharge voltage: ± 8 KV Air; ± 4 KV Contact & Additionally meets ± 6 KV Contact
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Immunity to Radiated Electromagnetic Energy (Radio Frequency)
EN 61000-4-3: 2006/ A1: 2008/ A2:2010, Class III
Frequency: 80 – 1000 MHz, Modulation: 80% AM @ 1 kHz
Frequency: 1400 – 2000 MHz, Amplitude: 3.0 V/m, Modulation: 80% AM @ 1 kHz
Frequency: 2000 – 2700 MHz Amplitude: 1.0 V/m Modulation: 80% AM @ 1 kHz
Digital Radio Telephones:
Frequency: 900 MHz & 1890 MHz, Amplitude: 10.0 V/m, 3.0 V/m,
Modulation: 80% AM @1kHz
Electrical Fast Transient / Burst Immunity
EN 61000-4-4: 2012 (supersedes EN 61000-4-4: 2004/ A1:2010)
Burst Frequency: 5 kHz
Amplitude, AC Power Port: ± 4 KV (Severity Level 4), exceeds ± 2 KV requirement
Amplitude, Signal Port: ± 1 KV, Additionally meets ± 2 KV (Severity Level 3)
Amplitude, Telecom po rt s (Ethernet): ± 1 KV
Current/Voltage Surg e Im muni ty
EN 61000-4-5: 2007 (supersedes EN 61000-4-5: 2006)
Open Circuit Voltage: 1.2 / 50 µs
Short Circuit Current: 8 / 20 µs
Amplitude, AC Power Port: 2 KV common mode, 1 KV differential mode
Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio Frequency Fields
EN 61000-4-6: 2009
Level: 3
Frequency: 150 kHz – 80 MHz
Amplitude: 10 V rms
Modulation: 80% AM @ 1 kHz
Power Frequency Magnetic Fields
EN 61000-4-8: 2010
Amplitude: 30A/m
Frequency: 50 and 60 Hz
AC Supply Voltage Dips and Short Interruptions
EN 61000-4-11: 2004
Surge Withstand Capability Test For Protective Relays and Relay Systems
ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1: 2002 (2.5 kV oscillatory wave and 4 kV EFT)
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2.0 PHYSICAL CONSTRUCTION & MOUNTING
The M651 digital transducers are packaged in rugged aluminum case specifically
designed to meet the harsh conditions found in utility and industrial applications.
The mounting plate panel view is shown in Figure 1. The mechanical dimensions are
shown in Figure 2.
Figure 1 – M651 Mounting Plate View
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Figure 2 - Mounting and Overall Dimensions M651
(back panel may vary as a result of opti ons o r der ed)
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2.1 Installation
WARNING - INSTALLATION AND MAI NTENANCE SHOULD ONLY BE
PERFORMED BY PROPERLY TRAINED OR QUA LIFIED PERSONNEL.
2.2 Initial Inspection
Bitronics instruments are carefully checked and "burned in" at the factory before
shipment. Damage can occur however, so please check the instrument for shipping
damage as it is unpacked. Notify Bitronics LLC immediately if any damage has
occurred, and save any damaged shipping containers.
2.3 Protective Ground/Earth Connections
The device must be connected to Protected Earth Ground. The minimum Protective
Ground wire size is 2.5 mm2 (#12 AWG). Bitronics LLC recommends that all
grounding be performed in accordance with ANSI/IEEE C57.13.3-1983.
2.4 Overcurrent Protection
To maintain the safety features of this product, a 3 Ampere time delay (T) fuse must
be connected in series with the ungrounded/non-earthed (hot) side of the supply input
prior to installation. The fuse must carry a voltage rating appropriate for the power
system on which it is to be used. A 3 Ampere slow blow UL Listed fuse in an
appropriate fuse holder should be used in order to maintain any UL produc t appr oval.
2.5 Supply/Mains Disconnect
Equipment shall be provided with a Supply/Mains Disconnect that can be actuated by
the operator and simultaneously open both sides of the mains input line. The
Disconnect should be UL Recognized in order to maintain any UL product approval.
The Disconnect should be acceptable for the application and adequately rated
for the equipment.
2.6 Instrument Mounting
The instr ument may be surface mounted as shown in Figure 2. The instrument may
be mounted on a standard transducer mounting hole pattern. The unit should be
mounted with four #8-32 screws. Make sure that any paint or other coatings on the
panel do not prevent electrical contact. The transducer is intended to be connected to
earth ground at the mounting plate. See section 3.2. Make sure that any paint or other
coatings on the panel do not prevent electrical contact.
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Several instruments may be mounted on a 19" Rack panel if desired. Three units will
fit side by side on a standard 5.25" high panel. Leave adequate space surrounding the
instrument when determining mounting arrangements.
2.7 Cleaning
Cleaning the exterior of the instrument shall be limited to the wiping of the instrument
using a soft damp cloth applicator with cleaning agents that are not alcohol based, and
are non-flammable an d non-explosive.
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3.0 BACK P ANEL & WIRING
The rear views of the M651 are shown in figures 3A and 3B with the option port shown
(removable terminal block at the top), which may be selected at order time, as either,
the serial communication option, the 0-1mA analog transducer output option, or the 420mA analog trans duc er out put option. However, it is also possible to have a meter
without this option port.
See Appendix A1 for detailed wiring diagrams covering the CT/VT measurement
inputs. Refer to the appropriate section in this user manual when wiring either the
serial communication option, or either analog transducer output option, whichever
applies to the option port for your meter.
Figure 3A – Rear View M651 (shown with Current (CT) Inputs with internal
isolation (#10-32 stud terminals) – Current Input Option 1 or 5)
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Figure 3B – Rear View M651 (shown with 6 position terminal block for External
Split-Core CTs – Current Input Option C)
3.1 Auxiliary Power
The M651 transducers are powered by connections to L1(+) and L2(-). A Green LED
Power (PWR) indicator is provided on the rear panel to indicate that the unit is
powered ON. It is located on the right of the rear panel.
There is an option that allows the voltage across the Auxiliary Power input voltage
across terminals L1(+ ) and L2(-) to be moni tored. This monitoring option is only found
in 50 Series SCADA meters that have been manufactured with this monitoring option.
Refer to the order guide to verify whether the meter is made with this monitoring
option. ‘V Aux’ will appear on the display as a measurement for meters equipped with
this monitoring option.
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3.1.1 Specifications (per section 1.3)
Power Supply Input (Auxiliary) Voltage – terminals L1(+) and L2(-)
Nominal: 48-250V dc, 69-240V ac (50/60Hz)
Operating Range: 36-300V dc, 55-275V ac (45-65Hz)
3.2 VT Inputs – VA, VB, VC, VN (See Appendix A1 and Section 1.3)
The M651 voltage (VT) signal inputs are connected to terminals 3-6 (see Appendix A1
for specific wiring configurations). Voltage signals are measured using a 12M ohm
resistor divider with a continuous voltage rating of 7kV. This ideal impedance provides
a low burden load for the VT circuits supplying the signals. Grounding of VT & CT
signals per ANSI/IEEE C57.13.3-1983 is recommended. The polarity of the applied
signals is important to the function of the instrument.
3.3 CT Inputs – IA, IB, IC (See Appendix A1 and section 1.3)
The instrument can be connected directly to a current transformer (CT). The Current
(CT) signal inputs are connected to terminals 7-12.
Several hardware options are offered for the M651 current inputs. Distinctions are
based on the current option ordered and the physical constructions.
The 1 Amp and 5 Amp current inputs, current input options 1 and 5 respectively,
feature 10-32 terminals to assure reliable connections. This results in a robust current
input (CT) connection with negligible burden to ensure that the user’s external CT
circuit can’t ever open-circuit, even under extreme fault conditions. Grounding of CT
signals per ANSI/IEEE C57.13.3-1983 is required.
Current inputs, option 1: 1 Amp input with internal current isolation transformer,
constructed with 10-32 studs as the current terminals. (See Figure 3A for the
physical construction shown for the current terminals). It is intended that this
meter connect to the output from the secondary of permanently installed Current
Transformers (CTs ).
WARNING: DO NOT loosen existing 10-32 hardware that secures the current input
studs to the back panel. When making connections to the current input studs, use #10
ring lugs. Fasten ring lugs with the 10-32 bagged hardware (flat washer, lock washer,
and nut) provided. DO NOT OVERTORQUE. HAND Tighten with a standard nut
driver. 12 inch-pounds (1.36 N-m) is recommended, MAXIMUM torque is 15 inchpounds (1.69 N-m).
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Current inputs, option 5: 5 Amp input with internal current isolation transformer,
constructed with 10-32 studs as the current terminals. (See Figure 3A for the
physical construction shown for the current terminals). It is intended that this
meter connect to the output from the secondary of permanently installed Current
Transformers (CTs ).
WARNING: DO NOT loosen existing 10-32 hardware that secures the current input
studs to the back panel. When making connections to the current input studs, use #10
ring lugs. Fasten ring lugs with the 10-32 bagged hardware (flat washer, lock washer,
and nut) provided. DO NOT OVERTORQUE. HAND Tighten with a standard nut
driver. 12 inch-pounds (1.36 N-m) is recommended, MAXIMUM torque is 15 inchpounds (1.69 N-m). .
Current inputs option C: This option is used with external Split core CTs. External
split core CT secondary wires connect to the current terminal block (see figure 3B).
The Current inputs for this model are touch safe. No internal current isolation is
provided within the meter. DO NOT CONNECT Hazardous Live voltages to the
current input terminal block. Only connect the external Split Core CT secondary
current outputs to the meter’s current input terminal block. Isolation is provi ded fro m
the external Split Core CTs. Recommended torque is 9 In-Lbs, 1.0 2 N -m
3.4 Serial Ports (See section 4.2)
The M651 transducers are equipped with an optional serial port. The port is software
(user) configurable for R S-232 or RS-485. The RS-232 drivers support full and half
duplex modes. See Figures 5-6 for signal assi g nments.
3.5 Ethernet
The M651 Ethernet port meets or exceeds all requirements of ANSI/IEEE Std 802.3
(IEC 8802-3:2000) and additionally meets the requirements of part 8-1 TCP/IP Tprofile for physical layer 1 (Ethernet copper interface).
M651 transducers are o ffere d w i th a standard Ethernet 10/100 Megabit (Mb) RJ45
(copper) interface (10BASE-T and 100BASE-TX) which automatically selects the most
appropriate operati ng conditions via auto-negoti ati on. This interface is capable of
operating either as half-duplex (compatible with all Ethernet infrastructure) or fullduplex interfaces (which allow a potential doubling of network traffic). Note that the
meters come with the port setup as a service port, with Modbus TCP/IP or DNP3
TCP/IP or UDP software offered as an option. An option to replace the standard RJ45
port with a LC 100BAS E-FX fiber port also exists operating at 1300 nm (far infra-red,
full-duplex). If needed, adapters are available to convert the LC to ST connectors, the
same that are used in the Bitronics 70 Series.
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Network Default (Preconfigured) Settings
IP Address
Subnet mask
Router (Gateway) Address
192.168.0.171
255.255.255.0
192.168.0.1
Protocol
Port Numbe r
DNP3
20000 (TCP, UDP)
HTML
80 (TCP)
Modbus
502 (TCP)
3.5.1 Network settings
The M651 transducers come preconfigured fo r interconnection to an HTML web server
with default settings for IP address, SUBNET mask, an d ROU TER ( GATEWAY)
address.
It is very important that the network have no duplicate IP addresses, so an IP address
conflict is NOT created for your network. Setup for network addresses should be done
off-line from the network the meter will reside on unless it is known that the default
(preconfigured) IP address is not already an assigned address on your network.
Changing the stored Configuration of these network addresses may be accomplished
by using the following method:
Enter the IP Address for the transducer through a standard web browser:
To connect to the web server enter the meter’s current IP Address in your web
browser’s address bar. When the web server screen appears click on the “Settings”
tab. Type the new Network settings (IP address, Subnet mask, Gateway) in the
appropriate fields and click the “Apply” button to send the new network settings to the
meter. Reboot the meter for the configuration change to take effect.
The M651 uses the following port numbers for each type of protocol:
Determining the IP Address if unknown:
Bitronics has created a utility program to request the IP address for a specific MAC
address on an Ethernet networ k . The program is available on the company website
(http://www.novatechweb.com/downloads/inarp/). The program uses the Inverse
Address Recognition Protocol to perform the lookup and thus is called inarp. The
InARP protocol definition can be found at www.apps.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2390.html.
The inarp utility can also scan an Ethernet network for a range of MAC addresses,
printing the IP address for any devices which respond.
Currently, the only Bitronics devices which respond to inarp are 50 Series
products with a release code >= 2.00.0.
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The general form of inarp is defined below, followed by some usage examples.
inarp usage:
inarp [-i <if_ipaddr>] [-n <cnt>] [-p <ms>] [-v] <mac-spec>
where
<if_ipaddr> := interface ip address (default is 1st Ethernet interface)
<cnt> := count of addresses to poll (default 1)
<ms> := period between polls (100ms)
<mac-spec> := <6ByteMac> | <[3-5]ByteMac> | <macRangeName>
<6ByteMac> := xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx - <cnt> can specify a range to scan
<5ByteMac> := xx:xx:xx:xx:xx - default <cnt> is 256
...
<3ByteMac> := xx:xx:xx - default <cnt> is 16,777,216
<macRangeName> := "50series"
50Series MAC base (00:d0:4F:03), default <cnt> is 65,536
-v := request verbose information
CTRL-C stops a scan.
The inarp utility requires the WinPcap and Packet libraries which are bundled in the
WinPcap "Installer for Win d ows." This can be downloaded from www.winpcap.org.
Installation requires Administrator privileges.
Examples:
to poll the 1st IPv4 interface,
inarp -v 50series
CTRL-C stops the scan
to poll the IPv4 interface associated with 192.168.1.1, use
inarp -v -i 192.168.1.1 50series
or to poll a specific mac, use
inarp -v -i 192.168.1.1 00:D0:4F:03:00:15
The inarp utility is Copyright (c) 2011 by Bitronics, LLC. All rights reserved.
Portions of inarp are
Copyright (c) 1999 - 2005 NetGroup, Politecnico di Torino (Italy), and
Copyright (c) 2005 - 2010 CACE Technologies, Davis (California).
3.5.2 Indicators – Ethernet (ACT) & Serial LEDs
There are 2 LEDs on the rear panel to indicate activity is occurring on the
communication ports. These LEDs are useful i n determining that there is activity
occurring on the ports. The "ACT" LED will flash to indicate there is activity on the
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Ethernet port. It will also indicate that a link has been establis hed . The Serial LED
flashes to indicate there is activity occurring for the serial port.
A troubleshooting guide is found in Appendix A2, which may be useful in establishing
Ethernet connections.
3.5.3 Firmware upgrades and saving and loading configuration files – Ethernet
service port
New versions of firmware may be released by Bitronics from time to time, either to add
new functionality or to correct errors in code that may have escaped detection prior to
commercial release. Consul t the factory for detailed information pertaining to the
availability of firmwar e upgr ades. In cases such as this, it is desirable to support a
mechanism for new firmware to be installed remotely. The ability to upgrade Firmware
is done over the Ethernet port. The M651 family utilizes a page in the Web Server
interface to upload and install new firmware.
The complete M651 configuration, which includes all user-configurable parameters,
can be saved in a single file on your computer. This allows you to save a backup of
your configuration and to restore it at a later time, as needed. This also allows you to
configure one M651 and then transfer the configuration to multiple other M65x’s.
Before initiating the firmware upgrade, if you are planning to use a configuration that
has already been setup in the M651, then you should first go to the Load/Store
Settings page and click on the Get File button to save the IED configuration to your
computer (if you will be using a default configuration this step is not necessary). Use
the File Save dialog window to select the location on your computer to save the
configuration file. Once you have saved the file, it is recommended that you load the
file back to the M651 to validate that it was saved correctly. Click the Browse or
Choose File button and use the File Open dialog window to select the configuration file
you just saved. Click the Submit button. If the “Configuration upload success”
message appears, the configuration file is confirmed to hav e sav ed c or r ectl y. Once
the configuration file is saved to your computer, or even if you don’t need to save the
configuration, you should restore the meter to the factory defaults. On the Load/Store
settings page, select Restore All Defaults to bring the meter back to default settings.
To upload the new firmware, first obtain a copy of the firmware image. The firmware
image is a binary file, less than 1 MB in length, that can be attached to email,
distributed on a CD, or downloaded from an FTP site as circumstances dictate. Place
a copy of the firmware image on your computer then access the upload page from the
Firmware Upload link on the Configuration Settings page.
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This will take you to the Firmware Upload page, which looks like the screen capture in
Figure 4.
Figure 4 – Bitronics M651 Firmware Upload Page
Once the Firmware Upload page is visible, use the Browse button to locate the
firmware image on your computer. Next use the Submit button to initiate the file
transfer and installation process. The instrument must be rebooted to make the new
firmware active. At the completion of the file transfer and installation process, the
instrument will prompt you to reset the instrument remotely by displaying the dialog
box below after the firmware has been successfully installed.
It is strongly recommended that you clear your web browser’s cache (delete the
temporary internet files) after updating the firmware so that the new content will be
loaded into your browser. Please refer to your browser’s help file on how to clear the
cache. A useful keyboard shortcut common to Internet Explorer, Firefox and Chrome
is CONTROL + SHIFT + DELETE, which will take you directly to the relevant dialog
panel. Carefully select the items to be cleared. Be sure to check the boxes that clear
“temporary internet files”, “cache” or “website data” and uncheck any boxes that
preserve data.
If you had a previously saved configuration that you wish to now load to your M651,
you should now go back to the Load/Store Settings page and go to the top box “Select
a configuration file”. Click on the box “Load network settings from file” and then
browse to find the configuration file you wish to load. Once selected, click on Submit,
and then you will need to reboot the unit.
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Serial Port Default Setting
Port
Protocol
Parity
Baud
IED
Physical Media
Serial
DNP 3
None
9600
1
RS-232
4.0 OPERATION
4.1 Serial Port
This port when ordere d can be set to RS-232 or RS-485, and support baud rates up to
115200. Set-up of the Serial Port can be accomplish ed by using a web browser
connected to the Ethernet port, or via the front display buttons (Setup menu -
1.4
Serial). The default configuration for the serial ports is:
Serial cable requirements for RS485 connection:
Tie RS-485 cable shields (pin 15) to earth ground at one point in system.
The recommended torque ratings for the terminal block wire fasteners are listed in the
Physical Specifications table (section 1.3).
Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) clamp devices are used on the serial port as the
method of protection. The serial port is cla m ped t o a vol tag e of 16.7-18.5V nominal,
24.46V max. The clamps are rated for a peak pulse current of 24.6 max.
4.1.1 RS485 Connections
Note that various protocols and services have different port connection requirements.
When making connections to serial ports for Modbus or DNP3 over RS485, 2-wire half
duplex is required. This is because it is imperative to maintain a minimum time period
(3 1/3 characters) from the time the transmitter shuts off to the next message on the
bus in order to guarantee reliable communications. See figure 5 below for RS485
cable wiring diagrams.
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Figure 5 - Typical RS-485 Cable Wiring
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Figure 6 – RS-232 Cable Wiring Diagram
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5.0 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
5.1 Configuration
Setup of the M651 transducers is performed using the web interface via the Ethernet
service port.
5.2 HTML Web Server
The M651 incorporates an internet-compatible HTML web page.
5.3 Passwords
Passwords can be setup in the M651 for use in controlling access to configuration and
other functions. Passwords may be comprised of the 95 printable ASCII characters as
defined by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII#ASCII_printable_characters which
includes 0-9, a-z, A-Z, and special characters. Passwords may have maximum length
of 20 characters and a minimum of 1 character. Passwords prompts are disabled by
leaving the new password field blank and clicking the 'Change Password' button. The
default from the factory is to have no password set.
The password is used to authenticate a session when prompted. The session
authentication will last until the user clicks the 'Log Out' link on the upper right corner
of the Web Interface or after five minutes elapses. Authentication will be required
when attempting the following actions:
•
Resetting demand and energy values on the Web Interface Resets page
•
Applying changes to any settings on the Web Interface Settings tab
•
Uploading new firmware on the Firmware Upload page
•
Changing the password on the Password Security page
•
Rebooting the IED
5.4 Using the M651 with a Bitronics Analog Output Converter
The M651 may be used with any of the Bitronics AOC units (NAO8101, NAO8102,
NAO8103, or NAO8104). The AOC may be connected to the serial port. The serial
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Protocol
Baud
Parity
Media
DNP
9600
NONE
RS485
Modbus
9600
EVEN
RS485
port must be configured for the appropriate protocol and register set for the AOC that
will be connected. Setting up the serial ports is accomplished by using the web
interface or front buttons. AOC units will only function with the M651 configured for
Optimal Resolution an d the Bitronics Legacy register set. When using AOCs that
communicate via Modbus (NAO8101 and NAO8102), the M651 serial port must be set
for an RxD to TxD Delay of 10ms for proper operation. Serial port and connection
information is shown below. Refer to Figure 5 for interconnection. As st ated
previously, the AOC address must match the protocol address assigned to the M651
communications port.
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5.5 Performing set-up through the web page interface
This section will assume you are able to use the factory default IP address of
192.168.0.171 to connect to the web page using an HTML web server. If this is not
the case you may need to refer to section 3.5.1 (Network settings) to change your
network configuration settings.
Enter the M651’s IP address into your internet browser to connect with the M651 web
page interface. Internet browsers supported are Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari and
Google Chrome. The Home page screen sh oul d app ear as show n bel ow.
Home page:
From the home screen you can select from the following tabs:
– This page displays current data measurements
Data
Resets – This page allows certain quantities to be reset
Settings – This page allows the user to change the configuration settings. Making
M651 configuration changes require the unit to be rebooted.
Configuration settings for the M651 are stored in flash memory.
Contact – This page indic ates how to contact Bitronics
NOTE: Some screen shots shown below may not exactly match the appearance of
those from your actual transducer.
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Data page: Two views – In st ant an eo us and Demands
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Resets page: From this page select the quantity to be reset and click apply.
Optionally, Energy values can be reset to specific non-zero values by entering the desired
reset value in the appropriate field as a whole number and clicking Apply. Any fields that
are left blank will be reset to zero.
Settings page: Click on one of the settings categories (Identity, Input, Network, Serial
Port, Protocol, Load/Store Settings, Password Security, or Firmware Upload) to be
taken to the next page.
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Contact Page:
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Settings Page Selections:
From the Settings page screen you can select one of the following selections:
Identity– This page allows the user to enter information that is necessary to identify
the meter. It gives an identity to a particular M651. Each M651 should have
different information entered for its identity.
Input – This page allows for the selection of wiring configuration, setup of CT and
PT ratios, demand intervals, and TDD denominator.
Network – This page allows the user to change the network configuration settings
for IP address, gateway and router address.
Serial Port – This page allows user configuration for the serial port settings. Note
that if no serial port is ordered this setting won’t appear and if the transducer output
option is selected then that setting will replace serial.
Protocol – This page allows user configuration of the protocols – DNP or Modbus
Load/Store Settings – This page allows you to save and retrieve settings for the
M651 meter
Password Security – This page allows the user to set a password and to enable or
disable access to front display configuration (M650 and M653)
Firmware Upload – This page allows the user an interface to browse for or type in
the location on their PC of new firmware for purposes of uploading to the unit.
Screen shots showing the selections to be made for each of the above selections
follow on the next few pages. Default values are shown where applicable.
M651 configuration changes require the unit to be rebooted. Configuration settings
for the M651 are store d in flas h me mor y .
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Identity:
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Input:
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Network:
Serial Port (if option ordered):
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Analog Output (if option ordered):
Protocol Selection (if Option ordered):
First select between Modbus or DNP3. You will then select Optimal Resolution
(default) or Primary Units. Next you will choose a session. Under Type, there will be
4 different selections under Modbus and 3 for DNP3. Under Modbus the options are
Disabled, TCP, ASCII, or RTU. For DNP3 the selections are Disabled, Serial, or TCP.
Under DNP3, clicking on the Advanced button reveals more advanced functions that
may or may not need to be changed. Clicking on the Basic button hides the advanced
functions. A detailed description of the setup parameters for Modbus and DNP3 can
be found in the Appendix of the respective protocol manuals.
There are both fixed and configurable register/point lists. Please refer to the
appropriate protocol manual for more information regarding how to view or edit the
register/point list.
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Modbus DNP3
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DNP Serial DNP TCP
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Modbus RTU
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Modbus TCP
48
Load/Store Device Settings:
Password Security Settings:
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Firmware Upload:
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6.0 MEASUREMENTS
Basic measurement quantities are calculated and updated every 100 ms. These
quantities include RMS Amperes and RMS Volts, Watts, VARs, VAs, Power Factor, all
harmonic-based meas ur em ents (such as fundamental-only quantities), Energy,
Frequency, and Phase Angle.
Note: For all of the following measurements, it is important to keep in mind that the
specific protocol used to access the data may affect the data that is available, or the
format of that data. No attempt is made here to describe the method of accessing
measurements - always check the appropriate protocol manual for details.
6.1 Changing Transformer Ratios
The M651 has the capability to store values for Current Transformer (CT) and
Potential Transformer (VT) turns ratios. The VT and CT values are factory set to 1:1
CT and 1:1 VT. These values can be enter ed int o the M651 over the network or via
web page, and will be stored in internal non-volatile memory. All measurements are
presented in primary units, based on these ratios. The web interface allows you to
choose either 1A or 5A for the denominator, and the primary value is entered directly.
The PT ratio is to 1 when entering through the front display. The web allows other
denominators (110, 115, or 120) to be used. Refer to the appropriate protocol manual
for information on changing transformer ratios.
6.2 Current
The M651 has three current inputs, with an internal CT on each channel ex c ept in the
case where external split-core CTs are used. These inputs can read to 2x nominal
(2A
for 1A input, 10A
RMS
for 5A input (symmetrical)) under all temperature and input
RMS
frequency conditions. No range switching is used, allowing a high dynamic range.
The current signals are transformer coupled, providing a true differential current signal.
Additionally, a continuous DC removal is performed on all current inputs. Instrument
Transformer Ratios can be entered for each current input, as described above.
6.2.1 Residual Current
The M651 calculates the vector sum of the three phase currents, which is known as
the Residual Current. The Residual Current is equivalent to routing the common
current return wire through the neutral current input on systems without separate
current returns for each phase.
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6.3 Voltage Channels
All voltage inputs are measured relative to a common reference level (essentially
panel ground). See Appendix 1 for input connection information. Common mode
signals can be removed by signal processing algorithms, instead of the more
traditional difference amplifier approach. This greatly simplifies the external analog
circuitry, increases the accuracy, and allows measurement of the Neutral-to-Ground
voltage at the panel. The 7kV input divider resistors are accurate to within +/25ppm/DegC, and have a range of 400V
, from any input to panel ground. Each
PEAK
sample is corrected for gain using factory calibration values stored in non-volatile
memory on the board. Additionally, a continuous DC removal is performed on all
inputs.
The advantages of this method of voltage measurement are apparent when the M651
is used on the common 2, 2½, and 3 element systems (refer to Section 6.5). The
M651 is always calculating Line-to-Neutral, and Line-to-Line voltages with equal
accuracy. On 2 element connections, any phase can serve as the reference phase.
On 2½ element systems, one of the phase-to-neutral voltages is missing, and the
M651 must create it from the vector sum of the other two phase-to-neutral voltages. In
order to configure the M651 for 2½ element mode and which phase voltage is missing,
select one of the followi ng : 2.5 elem ent - A, 2. 5 ele me nt - B, or 2.5 element – C.
6.4 Voltage Aux
The M651 M3 provides a measurement for the voltage connected to the power supply
terminals. This is a differential voltage. The value can be AC or DC depending upon
the power supply voltage source.
6.5 Power Factor
The per-phase Power Factor measurement is calculated using the "Power Triangle",
or the per-phase WATTS divided by the per-phase VAs. The Total PF is similar, but
uses the Total WATTS and Total VAs instead. The sign convention for Power Factor
is shown in Figure 7.
6.6 Watts / Volt-Amperes (VAs) / VARs (Uncompensated)
On any power connection type (2, 2½, and 3 element), the M651 calculates perelement Watts by multiplying the voltage and current samples of that element
together. This represents the dot product of the voltage and current vectors, or the
true Watts. The per-element VAs are calculated from the product of the per-element
Volts and Amps. The per-element VARs ar e cal c ulat e d fro m fund a men tal VAR s .
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22
= +
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
GEOMETRIC VA Watts VARs
In any connection type, the Total Watts and Total VARs is the arithmetic sum of the
per-element Watts and VARs. The sign conventions are shown in Figure 7.
When used on 2-element systems, the reference phase voltage (typically phase B)
input, is connected to the Neutral voltage input, and effectively causes one of the
elements to be zero. It is not required to use any particular voltage phase as the
reference on 2-element systems. When used on 2-element systems the perelement Watts, VARs, and VAs have no direct physical meaning, as they would
on 2½ and 3 element systems where they represent the per-phase Watts, VARs, and
VAs.
When used on 2½ element systems, one of the phase-to-neutral voltages is
fabricated, as described in Section 6.3. In all other respects, the 2½ element
connection is identical to the 3 element connection.
6.6.1 Geometric VA Calculations
This is the traditional definition of Total VAs for WYE or DELTA systems, and is the
default method for Total VAs calculation. The value of Total VAs calculated using this
method does not change on systems with amplitude imbalance, relative to a balanced
system.
There is also a relationship to the Total Power Factor, which is described in Section
6.4. Total Power Factor calculations using the Geometric VA method will still indicate
a "1" on a system with phase amplitude imbalance, or canceling leading and lagging
loads.
For example, on a system with a lagging load on one phase and an equal leading load
on another phase, the Geometric VA result will be reduced relative to a balanced
system but the Total Power Factor will still be "1".
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Figure 7 - Sign Conventions for Power Measurements
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(P is Power, Q is VARS and S is VA)
54
6.7 Compensated Watts and VARs (Line and Transformer Loss Compensation)
The total Watt and Var losses can be calculated using five user entered parameters
and measured current and voltage values. These losses are added or subtracted
to/from the measured Total Watts and Total Vars when accumulating Energy.
Loss compensation on the M650 takes the following general form:
P
Q
COM
COM
= P
= Q
+ A·I2 + B·V2 + E·P
UNC
+ C·I2 + D·V4 + E·Q
UNC
UNC
UNC
Where:
P
Compensated three-phase total watts. Note the accumulators for +kWh and –
COM
kWh in the M650 are calculated by integrating the P
P
Uncompensated three-phase total watts measured at the point where the meter
UNC
measurement over time.
COM
is connected.
Q
Compensated three-phase total VARs. Note the accumulators for +kVARh and –
COM
kVARh in the M650 are calculated by integrating the Q
measurement over
COM
time.
Q
Uncompensated three-phase total VARs measured at the point where the meter
UNC
is connected.
I RMS line current measured at the point where the meter is connected.
V RMS line-line voltage measured at the point where the meter is connected.
A Meter setting that accounts for the sum of the full-load-watt-losses from all
sources.
B Meter setting that accounts for the transformer’s no-load-watt-losses.
C Meter setting that accounts for the sum of the full-load-VAR-losses from all
sources.
D Meter setting that accounts for the transformer’s no-load-VAR-losses.
E Meter setting that accounts for any “system” losses, proportional to the
uncompensated power.
Configuring the meter to perform loss compensation simply requires the user to
calculate the coefficients A, B, C, D, and E defined above, and enter them in the
appropriate fields in the M650’s webserver interface on the Settings/Input page as
shown in the screen shot below
The sign of the settings A, B, C, D, and E determines whether losses will be added to
or subtracted from the uncompensated measurements in order to determine the
compensated power and energy. To add losses, be sure the settings are all positive.
To subtract losses, be sure the settings are all negative. Settings should always have
the same sign.
Making all of the settings equal to zero turns off loss compensation.
System losses (E) are a fixed percentage, mutually agreed upon between two electric
utilities, about an interchange point that lies on a branched line. As such, E is not a
physical property of any particular line, transformer or the meter, so no further
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guidance on how best to calculat e the coe fficient E can be provided here. All
instructions following will be concerned only with the calculation of the coefficients A,
B, C, and D. Users who do not intend to use system losses should simply set E equal
to zero.
A detailed application note on loss compensation in the 50 Series can be found in the
documentation library of the Novatech website, www.novatechweb.com.
6.8 Energy
Separate values are maintained for both positive and negative Watt-hour s , posi ti ve
and negative VAR-hour s , and VA-hours, for each feeder. These energy quantities are
calculated every cycle from the Total Watts, Total VARs, and Total VAs, and the
values are stored into non-volatile memory every 15 seconds. Energy values may be
reset. All values are reset simultaneously. Refer to the appropriate protocol manual
for details.
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Demand Quantity
Phase Reference
Function
Amperes
Phase, Residual
Present, Max
Fundamental Amperes
Phase, Residual
Present, Max
Volts
Phase - Phase
Present, Max, Min
6.9 Frequency
The M651 monitors the change in Phase Angle per unit time using the Phase Angle
measurement for the fundamental generated by the FFT. The System Frequency is
the frequency of the input used for synchronizing the sampling rate.
6.10 Demand Measurements
The traditional thermal demand meter displays a value that represents the logarithmic
response of a heating element in the instrument driven by the applied signal. The
most positive value since the last instrument reset is known as the maximum demand
(or peak demand) and the lowest value since the last instrument reset is known as the
minimum demand. Since thermal demand is a heating and cooling phenomenon, the
demand value has a response time T, defined as the time for the demand function to
change 90% of the difference between the applied signal and the initial demand value.
For utility applications, the traditional value of T is 15 minutes, although the M651 can
accommodate other demand intervals (Section 6.10.5).
The M651 generates a demand value using modern microprocessor technology in
place of heating and cooling circuits, it is therefore much more accurate and
repeatable over a wide range of input values. In operation, the M651 continuously
samples the basic measured quantities, and digitally integrates the samples with a
time constant T to obtain the demand value. The calculated demand value is
continuously checke d ag ai nst the prev i ous m aximum and minimum demand values.
This process continues indefinitely, until the demand is reset or until the meter is reset
(or power removed and reapplied). The demand reset and power-up algorithms are
different for each measurement. These routines are further described in following
paragraphs. The maximum and minimum demand values are stored in non-volatile
memory on the Host Processor module.
NOTE: Changing VT or CT ratios does NOT reset demand measurements to
zero.
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Phase - Neutral,
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Demand Quantity
Phase Reference
Function
Total Watts (A, B, C, Total)
Phase, Total
Present, Max, Min
Total VARs (A, B, C, Total)
Phase, Total
Present, Max, Min
Total VAs (A, B, C, Total)
Phase, Total
Present, Max, Min
6.10.1 Ampere and Fundamental Ampere Demand
Present Ampere Demands are calculated via the instantaneous mea s ur em ent dat a
used to calculate the per-phase Amperes.
Upon power-up, all Present Ampere Demands are reset to zero. Maximum Ampere
Demands are initialized to the maximum values recalled from non-volatile memory.
Upon Ampere Demand Reset, all per-phase Pr es ent and Maximum Ampere Demands
are set to zero. When Ampere Demands are reset, Fundamental Current Demands
are also reset.
6.10.2 Volt Demand
Present Volt Demands are calculated via the instantaneous measurement data used
to calculate the per-phase Volts. Upon power-up all Present Volt Demands are reset
to zero. The Maximum Volt Demands and Minimum Volt Demands are initialized to the
minimum and maximum values recalled from non-volatile memory. In order to prevent
the recording of false minimums a new Minimum Volt Demand will not be stored
unless two criteria are met. First, the instantaneous voltage for that particular phase
must be greater than 20V
(secondary). Second, the Present Demand for that
rms
particular phase must have dipped (Present Demand value must be less than previous
Present Demand value). Upon Voltage Demand Reset, all per-phase Maximum
Voltage Demands are set to zero. Minimum Voltage Demands are set to full-scale.
6.10.3 Power Demands (Total Watts, VARs, and VAs)
Present Total Watt, VAR, and VA Demands are calculated via the instantaneous
measurement data. The Total VA Demand calculation type is based on the
instantaneous Total VA calculation type (Section 6.6)
Upon power-up, all Present Total Watt, VAR, and VA Demands are reset to the
average of the stored Maximum and Minimum values. The Maximum and Minimum
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63
2
2
1
% 100%
h
h
I
THD
I
=
= ×
∑
63
2
2
1
% 100%
h
h
V
THD
V
=
= ×
∑
Demands are initializ ed to the mini mu m and maximum values recalled from
non-volatile memory. Upon a demand reset, the Maximum and Minimum Demands
are set equal to the Present Total Watt, VAR, and VA Demand values. A demand
reset does not change the value of the Present Total Watt, VAR, and VA Demands.
6.10.4 Demand Resets
The demand values are reset in 3 groups: current, voltage, and power. This can be
accomplished via the front display or from a web browser.
6.10.5 Demand Interval
The M651 uses 900 seconds (15 mi nut es ) as t he de faul t de man d int er val for current.
The default for average volts and average power measurements is 60 seconds. Three
separate, independent demand intervals may be set for current, voltage, and power.
The range of demand intervals is 10 to 9999 seconds. These settings can be
accomplished by using the front display or web server setup.
6.11 Harmonic Measurements
All harmonic and harmonic related measurements are calculated every 100 ms. In
the following sections , H ar monic 0 indicates DC, Harmonic 1 indicates the
fundamental, and Harmonic N is the nth multiple of the fundamental.
6.11.1 Voltage Distortion (THD)
Voltage Harmonic Distortion is measured by phase in
several different ways. The equation for Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD) is given in Equation 1. Note the
denominator is the fundamental magnitude.
6.11.2 Current Distortion (THD and TDD)
Current Harmonic Distortion is measured by phase in
several different ways. The first method is Total Harmonic
Distortion (THD). The equati on for THD is gi ven in Eq uati o n
2. Note the denominator is the fundamental magnitude.
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Equation 1 - Voltage THD
Equation 2 - Current THD
59
63
2
2
% 100%
h
h
L
I
TDD
I
=
= ×
∑
Alternatively, Current Harmonic Distortion can be
measured as Demand Distortion, as defined by
IEEE-519/519A. Demand Distortion differs from
traditional Harmonic Distortion in that the denominator
of the distortion equation is a fixed value. This fixed
denominator value is defined as the average monthly
Equation 3 - Current TDD
peak demand. By creating a measurement that is based
on a fixed value, TDD is a "better" measure of distortion problems. Traditional THD is
determined on the ratio of harmonics to the fundamental. While this is acceptable for
voltage measurements, where the fundamental only varies slightly, it is ineffective for
current measurements since the fundamental varies over a wide range. Using
traditional THD, 30% THD may mean a 1 Amp load with 30% Distortion, or a 100 Amp
load with 30% Distortion. By using TDD, these same two loads would exhibit 0.3%
TDD for the 1 Amp load and 30% TDD for the 100 Amp load (if the Denominator was
set at 100 Amps). In the M651, Current Demand Distortion is implemented using
Equation 3. The TDD equation is similar to Harmonic Distortion (Equation 2), except
that the denominator in the equation is a user-defined number. This number , IL, is
meant to represent the average load on the system. The denominator IL is different for
each phase and neutral, and is set by changing the denominator values within the
M651.
Note that in Equation 3, if IL equals the fundamental, this Equation becomes Equation
2 - Harmonic Distortion. In the instrument this can be achieved by setting the
denominator to zero amps, in which case the instrument will substitute the
fundamental, and calculate Current THD.
Note that there is a separate, writeable denominator for each current input channel.
The TDD Denominator Registers are set by the factory to 5 Amps (secondary), which
is the nominal full load of the CT input with a 1:1 CT. These writeable denominators
can be used in conjunction with the distortion measurements to obtain the magnitudes
of harmonics, in other words, convert from percent to amps. This is simply done by
multiplying the percent TDD by the TDD Denominator for that phase, and the result
will be the actual RMS magnitude of the selected harmonic(s). This technique can
also be used if the THD mode (denominator set to zero) is used, by multiplying the
percent THD by the Fundamental Amps for that phase.
6.11.3 Fundamental Current
Fundamental Amps are the nominal component (50/60 Hz) of the waveform. The
M651 measures the magnit ude o f the fun da m ental am ps for eac h ph ase. These
measurements can be used in conjunction with the distortion measurements to obtain
the magnitudes of harmonics, in other words, convert from percent to amps. As was
mentioned previously, this is simply done by multiplying the percent THD by the
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63
22
1
63
2
1
h
h
h
h
Ih
K Factor
I
=
=
×
−=
∑
∑
Fundamental Amps for that phas e (which is the denominator), and the result will be
the actual RMS magnitude of the selected harmonic.
6.11.4 Fundamental Voltage
Fundamental Volts are the nominal component (50/60Hz) of the waveform. The M651
measures the magnitude of the fundamental phase-to-neutral and phase-to-phase
volts. These measurements can be used in conjunction with the distortion
measurements to obtain the magnitudes of harmonics, in other words, convert from
percent to volts. This is simply done by multiplying the percent THD by the
Fundamental Volts for that phase (which is the denominator), and the result will be the
actual RMS magnitude of the selected harmonic.
Fundamental Volts and Amps c an be used i n conjunction to obtain Fundamental VAs,
and when used with Displacement Power Factor can yield Fundamental Watts and
Fundamental VARs.
6.11.5 K-Factor
K-Factor is a measure of the heating effects on
transformers, and it is de fin ed in ANS I/ I EEE C 57.1 10-
1986. Equation 4 is used by the M651 to determine KFactor, where "h" is the harmonic number and "Ih" is the
magnitude of the hth harmonic. K-Factor is measured on
each of the three phases of amps, however there is no
"Total" K-Factor. K-Factor, like THD and PF, does not
Equation 4 - K-Factor
indicate the actual load on a device, since all three of these
measurements are ratios. Given the same harmonic ratio, the calculated K-Factor for
a lightly loaded transformer will be the same as the calculated K-Factor for a heavily
loaded transformer, although the actual heating on the transformer will be significantly
different.
6.11.6 Displacement Power Factor
Displacement Power Factor is defined as the cosine of the angle (phi) between the
Fundamental Voltage Vector and the Fundamental Current Vector. The sign
convention for Displac ement Power Factor is the same as for Power Factor, shown in
Figure 7.
The Total Displacement Power Factor measurement is calculated using the "Power
Triangle", or the three-phase Fundamental WATTS divided by the three-phase
Fundamental VAs. The per-phase Fundamental VA measurement is calculated from
the product of the per-phase Fundamental Amp and Fun da me ntal Vol ts val ues. The
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Health Check Error Codes
Bit
Description
0
Checksum error on analog output (either 0-1mA or 4-20mA) calibration
constants
2
Checksum error on gain calibration of inputs
4
Checksum error on phase calibration of inputs
12
Indicates firmware download in progress and measurements are offline
three-phase Fundamental VA measurement is the sum of the per-phase Fundamental
VA values (Arithmetic VAs).
6.11.7 Phase Angles
The M65x measures the Fundamental Phase Angles for all Currents, Line-to-Neutral
Voltages, and Line-to-Line Voltages. The Phase Angles are in degrees, and all are
referenced to the V
Voltage, which places all Phase Angles in a common reference
A-N
system. Values are from -180 to +180 Degrees. Note that the phase angles are only
available in the TUC register set and use calculation type T8 (see Modbus and DNP3
Protocol manuals for more det ai l ) . As with other meas ur em ents, the Phase angles
can be mapped to analog outputs or used in custom display screens.
6.12 Heartbeat and Health Check
M651 meters provide a Heartbeat State Counter Register that allows the user to
determine the time between successive polls. This counter will increment by the
number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the last time the data was updated.
Another use of this register is as a visual indicator that the data is changing; it allows
users of certain MMIs to identify disruption in the polling of the instrument. The
Heartbeat State Counter is a full 32-bit counter that rolls over at 4,294,967,295
(4,294,967 seconds). The counter starts at zero on power-up, and is NOT stored in
non-volatile memory.
M651 transducers have several self-tests built in to ensure that the instrument is
performing accurately. The results of these self-tests are available in the Health
Check register which is a simple 16-bit binary value. Each bit represents the results of
a particular self-test, with "0" indicating the test was passed, and "1" indicating the test
was failed. If Health status failures occur, the meter may have experienced an
operational failure. The table below provides a reference of error codes. The Health
Check value shown in the M651 web live data page is a hexadecimal repr esentation of
the binary value. For example, a Health Check value of 0000 0014 is the equivalent of
the binary value 000000000010100. The “1” shown in bit 2 and bit 4 represents a
failed test in those bits which indicates a checksum error for both the gain and phase
on the calibration. Contact the factory for further instr uctions.
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Available Measurements
Amps A, B, C, Residual
K-factor Amps A1
Average Volts AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA1
K-factor Amps B1
Average (Max.) Volts AN, BN, CN, AB, BC,
CA1
K-factor Amps C1
Average (Min.) Volts AN, BN, CN, AB , BC, CA1
K-factor Amps Residual1
Average Watts A, B, C, Total1
Meter Type
Average (Max.) Watts A, B, C, Total1
Phase Angle Amps A, B, C1
Average (Min.) Watts A, B, C, Total1
Phase Angle Volts A, B, C1
Average VARs A, B, C, Total1
Phase Angle Volts AB, BC, CA1
Average (Max.) VARs A, B, C, Total1
Power Factor A, B, C, Total
Average (Min.) VARs A, B, C, Total1
Protocol Version
Average VAs A, B, C, Total1
PT Scale Factor
Average (Max.) VAs A, B, C, Total1
PT Scale Factor Divisor
Average (Min.) VAs A, B, C, Total1
TDD Amps A, B, C, Residual1
Class 0 Response Setup1
TDD Denominator A, B, C, 1
CT Scale Factor
THD Volts AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA1
CT Scale Factor Divisor
Uncompensated VARs, Total
Demand (Max.) Amps A, B, C, Residual
Uncompensated Watts, Total
Demand (Max.) Fund. Amps A, B, C, Residual1
VA-Hrs
Demand Amps A, B, C, Residual1
VAR-Hrs Lag
Demand Fundamental Amps A, B, C,
Residual1
VAR-Hrs Lead
Displacement Power Factor A, B, C1
VARs A, B, C, Total
Displacement Power Factor Tot al1
VAs A, B, C, Total
Factory Version Hardware
Volts AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA
Factory Version Software
Volts Aux
Frequency
Watt-Hrs Net
Fund. Amps A, B, C, Residual1
Watt-Hrs Normal
Fund. Volts AN, BN, CN, AB, BC, CA1
Watt-Hrs Reverse
Health
Watts A, B, C, Total
Heartbeat
6.13 List of Available Measurements & Settings
Please note that not all measurements are available in every M651 model (demand
and harmonic values only in M3).
1
Available in M3 only
6.14 Calibration
Routine re-calibration is not recommended or required. A field calibration check every
few years is a good assurance of proper operation.
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6.15 Instantaneous M easu rement Principles
The M651 measures all signals at an effective rate of 64 samples/cycle,
accommodating funda men tal sig nal freq uencies from 45 to 65Hz depending on model.
Samples of all bus signals are taken using a 16-Bit A/D converter, effectively creating
64 "snapshots" of the system voltage and current per cycle.
6.15.1 Sampling Rate and System Frequency
The sampling rate is synchronized to the frequency of any of the bus voltages
prioritized as follows: V1
A-N
, V1
B-N
, V1
. This is the frequency reported as the
C-N
"System Frequency". The sampling rate is the same for all channels.
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7.0 ANALOG TRANSDUCER OUTPUT OPTION
7.1 Introduction
The Transducer Output options (0 -1 mA or 4-20 mA) feature 3 separate outputs each
with two terminals, one of which is common to all three outputs and one which
provides a unique return path for each output.
7.2 Specifications
Outputs: 3 bi-directional, 0-1mA (active) or 4-20mA (loop powered, passive)
0 – 1mA Current Range
Output Range: 0 to +/-1mA into 10K ohms or less; Overload to
+/-2.1mA into 5K ohms or less.
Resolution: 0.22uA
Output Resistance: 500 ohm
4 – 20mA Current Range
Output Range: 4 to 20mA
Resolution: 1.1uA
Max Loop Voltage: 40Vdc
Max Voltage Drop: 2.3V @ 20mA
4 – 20mA Internal Loop Supply
Max Output Voltage: 6V @ 60mA,
Accuracy: 0.25% of Full Scale Input
Data Update Rate (poll rate): 100ms minimum
Input Capacitance, any Terminal to Case: 470pF
7.3 Connections
The connections for the 0-1 mA output option are shown in figure 8 while the
connections for the 4-20 mA with external and internal loop are shown in figure 9.
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Figure 8 – 0-1mA Transducer Output Connections
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Figure 9 – 4-20mA Transducer Output Connections
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APPENDIX
A1 CT/VT Connection Diagrams
Please note that there is an option on the Settings/Input page to invert the CT Polarity
(see screen shot clip below). This option is the equivalent of swapping the connections
in the connection diagrams below at the HI and LO terminals for each CT input, that is,
swapping 7 and 10, 8 and 11, 9 and 12. The effect is a 180 degree phase shift in the
current signals.
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Figure 10 - Signal Connections – M651
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Figure 10 - Signal Connections – M651
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Figure 11 - 50 Series External Split-Core Signal Connections
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A2 Ethernet Troubleshooting
If the Link LED fails to illuminate, this is an indication that there is trouble with the
connection and communi c ati on will not proceed without solving the problem. If a
copper connection is used between the M651 and the hub/switch, check the following
items:
1. Verify that the connectors are fully engaged on each end.
2. Verify that the cable used is a "straight-through" cable connected to a "normal"
port. Alternatively, a "cross-over" cable could be connected to an "uplink" port
(this could later cause confusion and is not recommended).
3. Verify that both the M651 and hub/switch are powered.
4. Try another cable.
5. If a long CAT-5 cable is used, verify that is has never been kinked. Kinking can
cause internal discontinuities in the cable.
6. If a copper connection is used to an external fiber converter:
7. Verify that the LINK LED on the converter is lit on at least one side. Both sides
need to be lit for a valid connection to be established.
8. At least one brand of converters will not output an optical idle unless it receives a
forced 10 Mb copper link pulse (for some reason, auto-negotiation pulses
confuse it). Some hubs/switches will not output an optical idle unless they
receive an optical idle. This then inhibits the converter from outputting a copper
link pulse enabling the M651 to link. In this condition, no device completes the
link.
9. Verify that the fiber converter(s) and/or fiber hub/switc h are matc he d for the
same type of fiber connections. A 100BASE-FX port will NEVER inter-operate
with the 10BASE-FL port (fiber auto-negotiation does not exist).
10. On the fiber connection, try swapping the transmit and receive connector on one
end.
11. Verify that the fiber converter(s) and/or fiber hub/switch use the proper optical
wavelength (100BASE-FX should be 1300nm).
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Revisio
n
Date
Changes
By
A
2/24/11
Original Issue
E. DeMicco
B
9/27/11
Split-core CTs, phase angle
password, primary units
E. DeMicco
C
12/15/11
New screen shot for serial port, new
external CT drawing
E. DeMicco
D
7/13/2012
Format VT specification section,
CE certification and standards met.
R. Fisher
E
6/14/13
Added support for loss compensation;
upgrade
E. DeMicco
F
11/14/13
Updated sections 1.3 – 1.5 for UL
61010 3rd edition changes
E. DeMicco
measurements, CT polarity invert,
Clarified Split core in specification
section, Added Protective Conductor
terminal torque under physical
specification; Sect. 1.3 various
clarifications added to specifications;
Sect. 1.5 revised with standards;
Note added to Figure 2; Sect. 3.0
revised; Figure 3 became 3A;
Figure3B added; Sect. 3.1 revised
with monitoring option for L1(+)/L2(-)
power input; Revise Sect. 3.1.1
information per Sect. 1 .3; Sec t. 3.2
Added references VA,VB, VC, VN;
Sect. 3.3 Added references IA, IB, IC
and current options for 1A(1), 5A(5),
and external split core (C ) .
New dimension drawing to correct
error with metric and added note on
common return for transducer output.
Updated fiber connect or from M T-RJ
to LC. Added information for UL and
E. Demicco
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updated information on firmware
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Bitronics, LLC 261 Brodhead Road, Bethlehem, PA. 18017
(610) 997-5100 Fax (610) 997-5450
www.novatechweb.com/bitronics
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