12. Warranty and Claims .............................................................................................. 16
13. Device calibration for maintenance ........................................................................ 17
14. EU Declaration of Conformity ................................................................................. 18
1. About this edition of the manual
The manual applies to the following versions and models of personal bioreactors:
RTS-1 version V.3AW
RTS-1C version V.4A01
3
2. Safety Precautions
The following symbol means:
Caution! Make sure you have fully read and understood the present Manual
before using the equipment. Please pay special attention to sections
marked by this symbol.
GENERAL SAFETY
Use only as specified in the operating manual provided.
The unit should not be used if dropped or damaged.
After transportation or storage, keep the unit under room temperature for 2 - 3 h be-
fore connecting it to the electric circuit.
Store and transport the unit at ambient temperatures between -20°Cand +60°C and
maximum relative humidity of 80%.
Before using any cleaning or decontamination methods except those recommended
by the manufacturer, check with the manufacturer that the proposed method will not
damage the equipment.
Do not make modifications in design of the unit.
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Do not plug the unit into the main socket without grounding, and do not use extension
lead without grounding.
Connect only to a power supply with voltage corresponding to that on the serial num-
ber label.
Use only the external power supply provided with this product.
Ensure that the external power supply and switch are easily accessible during use.
Disconnect the unit from the electric circuit before moving.
Turn off the unit by switching off the power switch and disconnecting the external
power supply from the power socket.
If liquid penetrates into the unit, disconnect it from the external power supply and
have it checked by a repair and maintenance technician.
Do not operate the unit in premises where condensation can form. Operating condi-
tions of the unit are defined in the Specifications section.
DURING OPERATION
Do not operate the unit in environments with aggressive or explosive chemical mix-
tures. Please contact manufacturer for possible operation of the unit in specific atmospheres.
Do not operate the unit if it is faulty or has been installed incorrectly.
Do not use outside laboratory rooms.
Do not check the temperature by touch. Use a thermometer.
Always clean and decontaminate the socket and the lid after operation.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY
It is the user’s responsibility to carry out appropriate decontamination if hazardous
material is spilt on or penetrates into the equipment.
The tube of the bioreactor must be sealed very tightly. Please see 4.5. for instructions
on testing the tubes.
4
3. General Information
Models RTS-1 & RTS-1C are personal bioreactors which utilize patented ReverseSpin® technology that applies non-invasive, mechanically driven, low energy consumption,
innovative type of agitation. In it, the cell suspension is mixed by rotating a single-use falcon
bioreactor tube around its axis with a change of direction of rotation motion, resulting in highly
efficient mixing and oxygenation for aerobic cultivation. Combined with a near-infrared optical system, it is possible to register cell growth kinetics non-invasively in real time.
Personal bioreactor RTS-1C is equipped with a cooling unit that allows cooling the
samples to +4°C and temperature profiling through software.
Innovative mixing: reverse spinning of the tube with the sample around its own axis;
With the innovative mixing technology, it is possible to measure optical density and
light scattering of the sample in real time without probe interference, maintaining pro-
cess sterility;
Changing the parameters such as temperature, revolution per minute and period of
spinning in one direction, together with possibility of creating experiment algorithms
(including temperature profiling, mixing intensity profiling, optical density control, etc.)
allows both performance of difficult sequence of algorithms of fermentation process,
and achieving consistent and repeatable results.
Measurement system of the device is not working when the device is stand-alone.
User must connect the device to the computer and turn on the software for the measurement
system to work.
Software possibilities:
Remote tracking and control of fermentation process.
Real-time registration of cell growth kinetics or particle suspension aggregation/ dis-
aggregation processes.
User graphs, including 3D graphs.
Pause.
Saving and loading result data.
PDF and Excel spreadsheet reports.
Simultaneous connection of up to 10 units that allows, on one hand, to research the
influence of different chemical and physical factors on fermentation process, and, on
the other hand, to research the interdependence of those factors in matrix experi-
ments.
Calibration of the device (hardware version 9 or later).
5
4. Getting started
4.1. Unpacking. Remove packing materials carefully and retain them for future shipment
and storage of the unit. Examine the unit carefully for any damage incurred during
transit. The warranty does not cover in-transit damage.
4.2. Complete set. The unit set includes:
- RTS-1 / RTS-1C, Personal Bioreactor............................................................... 1 pce
- Lid ..................................................................................................................... 1 pce
- Bioreactor vessels TPP TubeSpin
- USB data cable ................................................................................................. 1 pce
- USB disk drive with software installation files .................................................... 1 pce
- External power supply ....................................................................................... 1 pce
- Software installation and operating manual ..................................................... 1 copy
- Place the unit on even, horizontal working surface;
- Connect the external power supply to the socket (fig. 1/1) on the rear side of the
unit;
- Switch on the computer, if it was turned off;
- Connect the USB data cable to the unit (fig. 1/2) and to the personal computer;
- Insert the USB disk drive in the personal computer and install the software following
the software installation procedure described in software installation manual.
4.4. Bioreactor vessel features:
- Falcon type tubes. TPP TubeSpin
- Working volume 10 – 30 ml;
- Conical form;
- 5 openings (A, B, C, D, E) of different size above the gas permeable, sterile PTFE
®
Bioreactor;
filter of the screw cap;
- Openings can be sealed and by this, exchange adjusted to need;
- Sterile gas exchange is guaranteed by the 0.22 µm filter membrane;
- Even with a high cell density the supply of oxygen through the openings is suffi-
cient;
- Tube fits in a standard 50 ml centrifuge rotor.
6
4.5. Due to the specificity of mould type manufacturing of centrifugal falcon tubes, the
Figure 3. ID and hardware
version
helical structure of the screw caps screw thread can vary, and, given the vigorous
mixing conditions, the liquid can spill if the tube is not closed tightly. Unfortunately,
some of the tubes can be faulty and the liquid spillage is inevitable in at least 1 out of
60 tubes.
Before launching the experiment and leaving the device, tubes must be checked for
liquid spillage occurring in a period of at least 2 minutes at 2000 RPM and 1 s-1 Re-
verse Spin (RS) with a closed lid. If droplets of liquid will appear on the inner surface
of the lid, then the screw cap is faulty and the tube must be replaced.
5. Calibration
5.1. Checking hardware version. To check the hardware
version, press and keys (fig. 2/2) simultaneously.
Display will show a new screen with a unique fourteen-
digit unit ID (fig. 3/1) and the hardware version (fig. 3/2).
Please refer to the number in the version for further cal-
ibration. Display will change back to the previous screen
after 4 seconds.
5.2. Calibration verification. The device is software calibrated (hardware version 9 or
later) at the factory for specific microorganism size of 0.4-0.8 x 1-3 μm and a cell
volume of approximately 0.5-5.0 μm3 for operation with TPP TubeSpin® Bioreactor
50ml tube at temperature range from +4°C to +70°C. To verify the conformity of calibration follow the subsequent procedures:
- Take a TPP TubeSpin
- Add 10ml (± 0.05ml) distilled water;
- Close the cap of the tube thoroughly;
- Insert the tube into the socket (fig. 1/4);
- Connect the device to the computer, launch the software and select factory calibra-
tion;
Note!The software calibration works only when the device is connected to
- Set the volume parameter of the distilled water in the software;
- Set the measurement frequency to 1 minute;
- Press the Play button in the software;
- The device will start measuring in 1 minute and should complete after 15-20 sec-
onds and OD value should appear on the display;
- If OD value equals 0 (±0.1 OD) then the device corresponds to factory pre-calibra-
tion settings and is suitable for use.
®
Bioreactor 50ml tube;
the software and appropriate factory calibration is selected in the settings.
7
5.3. Creating user calibration
Note! The device software calibration is a feature that will work for devices
with hardware version 9 or later. Devices with earlier versions come
pre-calibrated with a possibility to reset baseline value for device
maintenance.
5.3.1. Get cell suspension samples in falcon tubes with typical optical densities of your ex-
periments. If the maximal OD of your experiment (stationary phase) is 5 OD
600nm
then
the recommended samples are 0 (ddH2O water or broth media) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
OD
. Volume accuracy of the samples must be ±0.05.
600nm
Measure OD at desired wavelength of each cell suspension using a spectrophotom-
eter with proper prior dilutions. The proportionality between OD and cell density exists
only for OD ≤ 0.4 (approximately), we recommend diluting samples to the range of
0.1-0.2 OD.
Multiply the dilution factor values to get the OD of the samples.
Continue to software manual page 29.
5.3.2. RTS-1 / RTS-1C can be calibrated to detect scattered light of any possible cell with
any possible shape and size, but due to difference of light scattering in various cell
suspensions, we cannot guarantee the stated measurement range in all conditions.
5.4. Calibration verification for hardware versions 8 and earlier.
The device is hardware calibrated at the factory for specific microorganism size of
0.4-0.8 x 1-3 μm and a cell volume of approximately 0.5-5.0 μm3 for operation with
50 ml tube at temperature range from +4°C to +70°C and saves calibration data when
being switched off. To verify the conformity of calibration follow the subsequent procedures.
- Take a TPP TubeSpin
- Add 10ml (± 0.05ml) distilled water;
- Close the cap of the tube thoroughly;
- Insert the tube into the socket (fig. 1/4);
- Set the volume parameter of the distilled water on the display (fig. 2/11);
- Press Run Stop key (fig. 2/9) (the device will start the OD measurement cycle by
®
Bioreactor 50 ml tube;
accelerating to 2000 rpm);
- The measurement cycle should complete after 15-20 seconds and OD value should
appear on the display;
- If OD value equals 0±0.1 OD, then the device corresponds to factory pre-calibration set-
tings and is suitable for use.
If the result is unsatisfactory, please follow instructions from section Device calibra-
tion for maintenance.
8
6. Operation
Recommendations during operation
Remove the falcon tube from the tube socket before connecting or disconnecting the
external power supply during operation.
Start operation approximately 15 minutes after switching on the device (some time is
necessary for stabilization in the working mode).
Tube positioning in the tube socket must be as follows: The TPP
brand name marking of the tube must align with the white marker
on the rotor; this position enables the light from the LED to be
transmitted without disruption by different markers presented on
the tubes outer surface. White markings are available only in devices with hardware version 8 or later).
6.1. Connect external power supply to electric circuit (fig. 1/1).
6.2. Turn on the unit by pressing the power switch on the rear panel (fig. 1/3).
Note!After turning on the unit starts heating and continues to maintain the
temperature regardless of other operations.
6.3. Insert the tube into the socket (fig. 1/4).
Attention!Data obtained in manual mode has a rounded and referential value.
6.4. Software control mode. Switch on the computer with installed software and continue
working according to software operation manual.
6.5. Manualmode.
6.5.1. Press the Select key (fig. 2/1) to choose a parameter that you want to change (the
active parameter is blinking).
6.5.2. Use and keys (fig. 2/2) to set the necessary value (if the key is pressed for more
than 2 seconds the parameter should change quicker).
6.5.3. It is possible to set time between optical density measurements (fig. 2/3), spinning
speed (fig. 2/4), temperature (fig. 2/5), time between Reverse Spins (fig. 2/8), operating volume (fig. 2/11). Actual values of the temperature and speed are displayed
on the display (fig. 2/6 and fig. 2/7).
6.5.4. Press the Run Stop key (fig. 2/9) to start and stop operation.
6.5.5. Press the Run Stop key (fig. 2/9) to stop the operation.
Caution! Operation stop will not stop the heating process. To stop heating pro-
cess set temperature has to be decreased manually until “off” indica-
tion appears (fig. 2/5).
6.6. After finishing the operation, switch OFF the unit with the Power switch (fig. 1/3).
6.7. Disconnect external power supply from electric circuit (fig. 1/1).
9
7. Recommended methods for microorganism cultivation
7.1. Facultative anaerobe Escherichia Coli:
2000 rpm (vessel spinning speed),
1 s-1 (Reverse Spin Frequency, RSF),
37° C (socket temperature),
10-20 ml (sample volume in testing vessel),
10 min., but not less (Measurement Frequency, MF)
7.2. Thermophilic aerobe Thermophilus sp.:
2000 rpm,
1 s-1 RSF,
70° C
15 ml
10 min MF
Evaporation rate at 70°C = 5 ml / 24 h (please adjust Volume parameter accordingly
for measurement system to work correctly)
7.3. Aerotolerant anaerobe L. acidophilus:
0 rpm,
0 s-1 RSF,
37° C,
30 ml,
10 min MF
7.4. It is possible for the end-user to contact the manufacturer for advising or suggesting
a required microorganism or strain to be tested. Please contact the R&D department
of Biosan at these e-mail addresses:
science@biosan.lv,
igor@biosan.lv,
Igor Bankovsky, consulting biotechnologist on application questions.
10
8. Recommendations for creating personal settings
for cultivation of microorganisms. Points to consider
8.1. Temperature distribution specifics (psychrophiles, mesophiles, thermophiles).
The optimal growth temperatures of microorganisms are divided in three principal
Thick line mark represents optimal growth temperature.
Figure 4. Temperature boarders and optimal growth zones of prokaryotes and their classifica-
tion.
8.1.1. For psychrophiles, that are cultivated at temperatures of 15°C +-2°C below ambient
the device must be installed in a cold room or a refrigerated chamber. Despite the
active cooling of the device, the actual temperature of the reactor will always differ
from the actual temperature of the sample because of its rotation and will be higher
(at low temperatures below 10 ° C).
8.1.2. For mesophilic microorganisms, the device can be situated at room temperature.
8.1.3. For thermophilic microorganisms, the device can be situated at room temperature.
8.2. Cell growth depending on rotation intensity
It is known that aeration affects the growth and growth rate of aerobic microorgan-
isms. The reverse spin frequency affects the rate of oxygen uptake in the bioreactor.
Results obtained indicate that the maximum rate of cell division is detected at a frequency of 1 Reverse Spin per second (1 s-1) at a speed of 2000 rpm. The increase
of pause between reverse spins reduces cell growth rate, reaching 50% of the maximum value, when RS frequency is 30 s-1 (see fig. 5. and fig. 6.).
8.2.1. Legend of experiment (fig. 5.): Personal Bioreactor RTS-1 / RTS-1C was used with
850 nm LED, volume of LB media in 50 ml Falcon tube was 15 ml, Reverse Spin
Frequency 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 30 s-1, measurement frequency (MF) is 10 min-1, reactor
rotation speed 2000 rpm , temperature 37° C, diameter of filter pores (for aeration)
0.25 μm.
11
Figure 5. Influence of Frequency of Reverse Spinning on the Growth kinetics (ΔOD
Time of fermentation (h).
λ=850nm
/Δt) vs
Figure 6. Influence of Frequency of Reverse Spinning on the Growth kinetics (ΔOD
Time of fermentation (h).
λ=850nm
/Δt) vs
8.3. Aeration and types of recommended tubes.
For aerobic microorganisms, it is recommended to use tubes that are supplied by
TPP - TubeSpin® Bioreactor 50ml. For obtaining optimal results growing aerotolerant
anaerobes, it is required to seal the screw cap of TPP TubeSpin® Bioreactor 50ml by
tape. User can also use standard centrifuge tubes of 50 ml Falcon type, taking into
account that the tube material will be as transparent as TPP TubeSpin® Bioreactor
tube.
8.4. Factory calibration particle size and calibration coefficients 600nm/850nm
Factory calibration of the instrument is designed for specific microorganism size of
0.4-0.8 x 1-3 μm and a cell volume of approximately 0.5-5.0 μm3. In case of exceeding
the allowable size, the measurement system will not work correctly.
Optical density OD
λ=850 nm
to OD
conversion rate coefficient is equal to 1.9
λ=600 nm
(cells taken for measurement from stationary phase using a spectrophotometer and
1mm optical path cuvette)
Example of calculation: to convert 3.5 OD
1.9, resulting in 6.65 OD
λ = 600 nm
.
λ = 850 nm
to OD
, multiply the result by
λ = 600 nm
The microorganism that used for factory calibration is E.coli BL21. The cells are taken
from shake flask night culture at stationary phase of growth.
12
8.5. Factory calibration growth phase influence on measurement accuracy
Set temperature on
RTS, t °С
Sample real temperature t °С
at 250 RPM 10s RSF s-1
Sample real temperature t °С
at 2000 RPM 1s RSF s-1
70
71
67
60
61
57
50
51
48
40
40
39
30
30
29
20
18
19
10 8 10 4 4
8
During the growth transition of Escherichia coli culture from the exponential growth
to the stationary phase, a number of morphological and physiological changes take
place, including cell volume decrease and cell shape change. Therefore, if cells taken
for referent measurement using spectrophotometer at different stages from stationary
phase then the correctness of measurement will be worse than specified.
8.6. Conversion rate coefficient of user calibration
Optical density OD
λ = 850 nm
to OD
λ = 600 nm
conversion rate coefficient depends on the
cell size and volume. Therefore, the coefficient will be different for other cell size and
volume. The device can be calibrated at desired reference wavelength to meet the
needs of the user.
9. Temperature control
9.1. Rotation intensity influence on temperature accuracy of the sample
Rotation intensity influences air transfer introduced to the tube from the outside envi-
ronment.
Table 1. Temperature differences (Δ t°C) between tube sample and set thermoblock
temperature, depending on aerobe and microaerophilic rotation intensities
at ambient temperature 23 °C ± 2 °C and 45% ± 10% RH.
9.2. Dew point temperature influence on measurement system accuracy
OD measurement accuracy is affected by moisture that can appear on the outside
wall of the tube because of dew point temperature. Relative humidity and temperature
affect the dew point; therefore, the temperature of the tube must be higher than the
dew point temperature for the measurement system to work correctly.
9.2.1. Finding dew point temperature for the user.
- Find the corresponding curve on figure 7 that matches the humidity of the room in
which the device is located.
- The horizontal axis indicates the temperature of the room in which device is located.
- Using that information, make a projection on the vertical axis. The found point on
the graph is the temperature of the dew point.
13
Figure 7. Graph of dew point temperatures influenced by relative humidity.
9.2.2. Avoiding dew point temperature during temperature profiling
If the dew point temperature reached, moisture will disrupt correct measurement of
the system.
To avoid dew point temperature, decrease the temperature difference between the
ambient temperature and bioreactor and sample temperature. By placing the bioreactor to an environmental chamber, the temperature difference can be significantly
lower.
Example of calculation of environmental chamber temperature selection:
If the range of temperature profiling is from +10°C to +40° C, calculate the environ-
mental chamber temperature:
(40-10) / 2 = 15°C
9.3. Cold room and environmental chamber influence on temperature accuracy of the
sample
It is possible to place the device in a cold room or environmental chamber, but the
temperature of thermoblock and temperature of the sample will not be accurate at
specific temperature ranges. Temperature measurements of the sample and corrections at maximum and minimum temperature ranges or 4°C-10°C and 60°C-70°C
must be performed by the user. If any additional questions appear, please contact
Biosan RTS support team directly for assistance. E-mail address: igor@biosan.lv .
9.4. Change of optical characteristics of the tube depending on temperature
When temperature of the plastic material is changing, i.e. during temperature change
of 30°C every hour, the plastic material of the tube changes optical characteristics in a range of ±0.1 OD.
14
10. Specification
RTS-1
RTS-1C
Measurement specifications
Light source
LED
Wavelength (λ), nm
850 ± 15
E.coli BL21 Factory calibra-
tion measurement range,
in OD
λ850 nm
, OD
at 10–20 ml volume
0-10 (0–19 OD
λ600 nm
equivalent)
at 20–30 ml volume
0-8 (0–15.2 OD
λ600 nm
equivalent)
Measurement Precision, OD
±0.3
Real time measurement, measurement/h
1 - 60
Time setting resolution, min
1
Temperature specifications
Setting range, °C
+25...+70
+4…+70
Bottom control range point, °C
5 above ambient
15 below ambient
Top control range point, °C
70
Setting resolution, °C
0.1
Stability, °C
± 0.1
Sample
temperature
accuracy, °C
< 20 °C
—
± 2
5 °C above ambient … 45 °C
± 1
—
20 °C … 45°C
—
± 1
> 45 °C
± 3
± 3
Sample temperature heating rate, °C/min
1
Sample temperature cooling rate, °C/min
1
General specifications
Sample volume, ml
10 - 30
Speed range, rpm
50-2000
Speed setting resolution, rpm
10
Speed control precision1, rpm
± 15
Display
LCD
Overall dimensions (W × D × H), mm
130×212×200
Weight1, kg
1.7
2.2
Input current / Power consumption
12 V DC
3.3 A / 40 W
5 A / 60 W
External power supply
In AC 100-240V 50/60Hz, out DC 12V
1
The unit is designed for operation at ambient temperature from +4°C to +40°C in a
non-condensing temperature and maximum relative humidity 80% for temperatures up to
31°C decreasing linearly to 50% relative humidity at 40°C.
Biosan is committed to a continuous program of improvement and reserves the right
to alter design and specifications of the equipment without additional notice.
Accurate within ±10%.
15
11. Maintenance
11.1. If the unit requires maintenance, disconnect the unit from the mains and contact Biosan or your local Biosan representative.
11.2. All maintenance and repair operations must be performed only by qualified and specially trained personnel.
11.3. Standard ethanol (75%) or other cleaning agents recommended for cleaning of laboratory equipment can be used for cleaning and decontamination of the unit.
11.4. Clean the rotor of the device from liquid droplets and possible contamination after
finishing fermentation.
12. Warranty and Claims
12.1. The Manufacturer guarantees the compliance of the unit with the requirements of
Specifications, provided the Customer follows the operation, storage and transportation instructions.
12.2. The warranted service life of the unit from the date of its delivery to the Customer is
24 months. For extended warranty, see p. 12.5.
12.3. Warranty covers only the units transported in the original package.
12.4. If any manufacturing defects are discovered by the Customer, an unsatisfactory
equipment claim shall be compiled, certified and sent to the local distributor address.
Please visit the Technical support section on our website at the link below to obtain
the claim form.
16
12.5. Extended warranty. For RTS-1 & RTS-1C, the Smart class models, extended war-
Technical support
Product class description
biosan.lv/en/support
biosan.lv/classes-en
Model
RTS-1 / RTS-1C, Personal Bioreactor
Serial number
Date of sale
ranty is a paid service. Contact your local Biosan representative or our service department through the Technical support section on our website at the link below.
12.6. Description of the classes of our products is available in the Product class descrip-tion section on our website at the link below.
12.7. The following information will be required in the event that warranty or post-warranty
service comes necessary. Complete the table below and retain for your records.
13. Device calibration for maintenance
Note! Only use this calibration after hardware re-installation.
Following instructions apply to:
- Resetting baseline value for factory hardware pre-calibrated devices with hardware
version 8 or earlier.
- Adjusting RPM fluctuation for signal strength stabilization, which is required for
maintenance after re-installation of hardware for all versions of the device.
13.1. Turn on the device.
13.2. Insert a 50 ml centrifuge tube filled with 10 ml of H2O into the device.
13.3. Set the Volume parameter to 10 ml.
13.4. Using control panel or software unit control panel, set RPM to 2000.
13.5. Press Run/Stop button.
13.6. Press and hold Select button until “CC” command will appear and blink on the dis-
play.
13.7. Press button and “0.00” number will appear and blink on the display.
13.8. Wait 15 seconds and press button.
13.9. Device is now calibrated and will make one verification measurement.
17
14. EU Declaration of Conformity
Unit type Personal bioreactors
Models RTS-1, RTS-1C
Serial number 14 digits styled XXXXXXYYMMZZZZ, where XXXXXX is
model code, YY and MM – year and month of production,
ZZZZ – unit number.