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BIPAC-74x GE Series Router
741 GE, 741 GE V2 and 743 GE
User’s Manual
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CCHHAAPPTTEERR 11:: IINNTTRROODDUUCCTTIIOONN................................................1
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INTRODUCTION TO YOUR BIPAC-74X GE SERIES ROUTER......................................................1
SUPPORT.............................................................................................................................1
FEATURES............................................................................................................................1
BIPAC-74X GE SERIES ROUTER APPLICATION ......................................................................4
CCHHAAPPTTEERR 22:: IINNSSTTAALLLLIINNGG TTHHEE RROOUUTTEERR..........5
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IMPORTANT NOTE FOR USING THE BIPAC-74X GE SERIES ROUTER.........................................5
PACKAGE CONTENTS ............................................................................................................5
THE FRONT LEDS ................................................................................................................6
THE REAR PORTS.................................................................................................................7
CABLING..............................................................................................................................8
CCHHAAPPTTEERR 33:: BBAASSIICC IINNSSTTAALLLLAATTIIOONN AANNDD
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CONNECTING YOUR ROUTER..................................................................................................9
CONFIGURING PCS IN WINDOWS .........................................................................................10
For Windows 98 / ME.................................................................................................................. 10
For Windows NT4.0......................................................................................................................11
For Windows 2000...................................................................................................................... 12
For Windows XP.......................................................................................................................... 13
FACTORY DEFAULT SETTINGS..............................................................................................14
Username and Password............................................................................................................ 14
LAN and WAN Port Addresses.................................................................................................... 14
INFORMATION FROM YOUR ISP.............................................................................................15
CONFIGURING WITH YOUR WEB BROWSER ...........................................................................16
STATUS..............................................................................................................................17
ARP Table................................................................................................................................... 17
PPTP Status................................................................................................................................18
IPSec Status ............................................................................................................................... 19
Email Status................................................................................................................................20
Event Log.................................................................................................................................... 20
Error Logging .............................................................................................................................. 21
Table of Contents i
Page 4
Table of Contents ii
UPnP Portmap............................................................................................................................ 21
QUICK START .....................................................................................................................22
CONFIGURATION.................................................................................................................24
LAN (Local Area Network)........................................................................................................... 24
WAN (Wide Area Network).......................................................................................................... 29
System........................................................................................................................................51
Firewall and Access Control........................................................................................................ 58
VPN (VIRTUAL PRIVATE NETWORKS)...................................................................................74
PPTP...........................................................................................................................................74
IPSec........................................................................................................................................... 79
Virtual Server (“Port Forwarding”)............................................................................................... 89
Advanced.................................................................................................................................... 92
Device Management................................................................................................................... 95
SAVE CONFIGURATION TO FLASH.........................................................................................99
LOGOUT...........................................................................................................................100
CCHHAAPPTTEERR 44:: TTRROOUUBBLLEESSHHOOOOTTIINNGG........................11001
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PROBLEMS STARTING UP THE ROUTER................................................................................101
PROBLEMS WITH THE WAN INTERFACE..............................................................................101
PROBLEMS WITH THE LAN INTERFACE ...............................................................................102
AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX AA:: SSPPEECCIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN......................................11003
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AAPPPPEENNDDIIXX BB:: PPRROODDUUCCTT SSUUPPPPOORRTT......................11004
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BIPAC-74x Series Router – 741 GE, 741 GE V2.0 and 743 GE
Chapter 1: Introduction
Chapter 1: Intr oduction
Introduction to your BIPAC-74x GE Series Router
Welcome to the Billion BIPAC-74x GE Series. Your Billion router is an “all-in-one” unit,
combining an ADSL modem, ADSL router and Ethernet network switch, providing everything
you need to get the machines on your network connected to the Internet over your ADSL
broadband connection. With features such as an ADSL Quick-Start wizard and DHCP Server,
you can be online in no time at all and with a minimum of fuss and configuration, catering for
first-time users to the guru requiring advanced features and control over their Internet
connection and network.
Support
This manual will guide you through configuring your router using its web browser interface – all
you need to setup and manage your new router is a web browser! If you have any questions or
problems that you can’t find the answer for in this manual, please visit the Billion Australia
website at http://www.billion.com.au/ and check the FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions), support
and forum sections. Billion Australia provides a group of online discussion forums where you
can post your question or query to other Billion users like yourself. In addition, Billion Australia
offers a telephone support line opens 7 days a week. You can contact the support line on 1300
139 159 or via email at
support@billion.com.au
Users looking to directly configure advanced options may wish to read the 74x GE Series CLI
(Command Line Interface) manual, available from the Billion Australia website at
http://www.billion.com.au/
Features
ADSL Multi-Mode Standard
Supports downstream transmission rates of up to 8Mbps and upstream transmission rates
of up to 1024Kbps. It also supports rate management that allows ADSL subscribers to
select an Internet access speed suiting their needs and budgets. It is compliant with MultiMode standard (ANSI T1.413, Issue 2; G.dmt(G.992.1); G.lite(G992.2)). The Annex A and
B are supported in different H/W platforms.
Wireless Ethernet 802.11b
Provides a wireless Ethernet 802.11b access point for extending the communication media
to WLAN.
Fast Ethernet Switch
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Chapter 1: Introduction
A 4-port 10/100Mbps fast Ethernet switch is built in with automatic switching between MDI
and MDI-X for 10Base-T and 100Base-TX ports. An Ethernet straight or cross-over cable
can be used directly for auto detection.
Multi-Protocol to Establish A Connection
Supports PPPoA (RFC 2364 - PPP over ATM Adaptation Layer 5), RFC 1483
encapsulation over ATM (bridged or routed), PPP over Ethernet (RFC 2516), IPoA
(RFC1577) and PPTP-to-PPPoA relaying to establish a connection with the ISP. The
product also supports VC-based and LLC-based multiplexing.
Quick Installation Wizard
Supports a WEB GUI page to install this device quickly. With this wizard, end users can
enter the information easily which they get from their ISP, then surf the Internet
immediately.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP) and UPnP NAT Traversal
This protocol is used to enable simple and robust connectivity among stand-alone devices
and PCs from many different vendors. It makes network simple and affordable for users.
UPnP architecture leverages TCP/IP and the Web to enable seamless proximity
networking in addition to control and data transfer among networked devices. With this
feature enabled, users can now connect to Netmeeting or MSN Messenger seamlessly.
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Allows multi-users to access outside resources such as the Internet simultaneously with
one IP address/one Internet access account. Many application layer gateway (ALG) are
supported such as web browser, ICQ, FTP, Telnet, E-mail, News, Net2phone, Ping,
NetMeeting, IP phone and others.
Firewall
Supports SOHO firewall with NAT technology, automatically detects and blocks Denial of
Service (DoS) attacks. URL blocking, packet filtering and SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection)
are also supported. The hacker’s attack will be recorded associated with timestamp in the
security logging area. More firewall functions will always be implemented through updated
firmware releases.
Domain Name System (DNS) relay
Provides an easy way to map the domain name (a friendly name for users such as
www.yahoo.com) and IP address. When a local machine sets its DNS server with this
router’s IP address, every DNS conversion request packet from the PC to this router will
be forwarded to the real DNS in the outside network.
Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS)
The Dynamic DNS service allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname.
This dynamic IP address is the WAN IP address. For example, to use the service, you
must first apply for an account from a DDNS service like http://www.dyndns.org/. More
than 5 DDNS servers are supported.
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
Allows user to make a tunnel with a remote site directly to secure the data transmission
among the connection. User can use embedded PPTP client/server, IKE and IPSec which
are supported by this router to make a VPN connection or users can run the PPTP client in
PC and the router already provides IPSec and PPTP pass through function to establish a
VPN connection if the user likes to run the PPTP client in his local computer.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Virtual Server (“port forwarding”)
Users can specify some services to be visible from outside users. The router can detect
incoming service requests and forward either a single port or a range of ports to the
specific local computer to handle it. For example, a user can assign a PC in the LAN
acting as a WEB server inside and expose it to the outside network. Outside users can
browse inside web servers directly while it is protected by NAT. A DMZ host setting is also
provided to a local computer exposed to the outside network, Internet.
Rich Packet Filtering
Not only filters the packet based on IP address, but also based on Port numbers. It will
filter packets from and to the Internet, and also provides a higher level of security control.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) client and server
In the WAN site, the DHCP client can get an IP address from the Internet Service Provider
(ISP) automatically. In the LAN site, the DHCP server can allocate a range of client IP
addresses and distribute them including IP address, subnet mask as well as DNS IP
address to local computers. It provides an easy way to manage the local IP network.
Static and RIP1/2 Routing
Supports an easy static routing table or RIP1/2 routing protocol to support routing
capability.
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
It is an easy way to remotely manage the router via SNMP.
Web based GUI
Supports web based GUI for configuration and management. It is user-friendly and comes
with on-line help. It also supports remote management capability for remote users to
configure and manage this product.
Firmware Upgradeable
Device can be upgraded to the latest firmware through the WEB based GUI.
Rich management interfaces
Supports flexible management interfaces with local console port, LAN port, and WAN port.
Users can use terminal applications through the console port to configure and manage the
device, or Telnet, WEB GUI, and SNMP through LAN or WAN ports to configure and
manage the device.
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Chapter 1: Introduction
BIPAC-74x GE Series Router Application
Figure 1.1 Application Diagram
Thank you for your purchase, and welcome to the world of broadband Internet!
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Chapter 2: Installing the Router
Chapter 2: Installing the Router
Important note for using the BIPAC-74x GE Series Router
Do not use the BIPAC-74x GE in high humidity or high
temperatures.
Do not use the same power source for the BIPAC-74x GE as
other equipment.
Do not open or repair the case yourself. If the BIPAC-74x GE is
too hot, turn off the power immediately and have it repaired at a
qualified service center.
Warning
Place the BIPAC-74x GE on a stable surface.
Only use the power adapter that comes with the package. Using
a different voltage rating power adaptor may damage the router.
A
ttention
Package Contents
BIPAC-740x GE Series Router x1
CD-ROM containing the online manual x 1
Quick Start Guide x 1
RJ-11 ADSL/telephone Cable x 1
Ethernet (CAT-5 LAN) Cable x 1
AC-DC power adapter (12VDC, 1A) x 1
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Chapter 2: Installing the Router
The Front LEDs
LED Meaning
1 PWR Lit when power is ON.
2 SYS Lit when the system is ready.
3 LAN port 1 Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps
Blinking when data is transmitted/received.
4 LAN port 2 Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps
Blinking when data is transmitted/received.
5 LAN port 3 Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps
Blinking when data is transmitted/received.
6 LAN port 4 Lit when connected to an Ethernet device.
Green for 100Mbps; Orange for 10Mbps
Blinking when data is transmitted/received.
7 WLAN
Lit green when the wireless connection is established. Flashes
when sending/receiving data.
10 MAIL Lit when there is Email in your configured Email account.
11
PPP Lit when there is a PPPoA/PPPoE connection.
13 ADSL Lit when successfully connected to an ADSL DSLAM (“linesync”).
Only the 743-GE unit has a wireless interface and antenna. 741-GE and
741-GE V2 routers do not have an antenna or wireless interface.
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The Rear Ports
Only the 743-GE unit has a wireless interface and antenna. 741-GE and
741-GE V2 routers do not have an antenna or wireless interface.
Port Meaning
1
LINE
Connect the supplied RJ-11 (“telephone”) cable to this port when
connecting to the ADSL/telephone network.
2
CONSOLE
Connect a PS2/RS-232 cable to this port when connecting to a
PC’s RS-232 port (9-pin serial port).
3
LAN
1X — 4X
(RJ-45 connector)
Connect a UTP Ethernet cable (Cat-5 or Cat-5e) to one of the
four LAN ports when connecting to a PC or an office/home
network of 10Mbps or 100Mbps.
4
RESET
After the device is powered on, press it to reset the device or
restore to factory default settings.
0-3 seconds: reset the device
3-6 seconds: no action
10-12 seconds: restore to factory default settings (this is used
when you can not login to the router, e.g. forgot the password)
5
PWR
Connect the supplied power adapter to this jack.
6
Power Switch
Power ON/OFF switch
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Chapter 2: Installing the Router
Cabling
One of the most common causes of problems is bad cabling or ADSL line(s). Make sure that all
connected devices are turned on. On the front of the product is a bank of LEDs. Verify that the
LAN Link and ADSL line LEDs are lit. If they are not, verify that you are using the proper cables.
Ensure that all other devices connected to the same telephone line as your Billion router (e.g.
telephones, fax machines, analogue modems) have a line filter connected between them and
the wall socket (unless you are using a Central Splitter or Central Filter installed by a qualified
and licensed electrician), and ensure that all line filters are correctly installed and the right way
around. Missing line filters or line filters installed the wrong way around can cause problems
with your ADSL connection, including causing frequent disconnections.
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
Chapter 3: Basic Installation and
Configuration
The router can be configured with your web browser. A web browser is included as a standard
application in the following operating systems: Linux, Mac OS, Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/Me,
etc. The product provides a very easy and user-friendly interface for configuration.
PCs must have an Ethernet interface installed properly and be connected to the router either
directly or through an external repeater hub, and have TCP/IP installed and configured to obtain
an IP address through a DHCP server or a fixed IP address that must be in the same subnet as
the router. The default IP address of the router is 192.168.1.254 and the subnet mask is
255.255.255.0 (i.e. any attached PC must be in the same subnet, and have an IP address in the
range of 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.253). The best and easiest way is to configure the PC to get
an IP address automatically from the router using DHCP. If you encounter any problems
accessing the router’s web interface it may also be advisable to uninstall any kind of software
firewall on your PCs, as they can cause problems accessing the 192.168.1.254 IP address of
the router. Users should make their own decisions on how to best protect their network.
Please follow the steps below for your PC’s network environment installation. First of all, please
check your PC’s network components. The TCP/IP protocol stack and Ethernet network adapter
must be installed. If not, please refer to your Windows-related or other operating system
manuals.
Any TCP/IP capable workstation can be used to communicate with o
r
through the BIPAC-74x GE. To configure other types of workstations,
please consult the manufacturer’s documentation.
Connecting your router
1. Connect the Router to a LAN (Local Area Network) and the ADSL/telephone network.
2. Power on the device.
3. Make sure the PWR and SYS LEDs are lit steadily and that the relevant LAN LED is lit.
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
Configuring PCs in Windows
For Windows 98 / ME
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control
Panel, double-click Network and choose the
Configuration tab.
2. Select TCP / IP -> NE2000 Compatible, or the name of
any Network Interface Card (NIC) in your PC. (See
Figure 3.1)
3. Click Properties.
4. Select the IP Address tab. In this page, click the Obtain
an IP address automatically radio button. (See Figure
3.2)
5. Then select the DNS Configuration tab. (See Figure
3.3)
6. Select the Disable DNS radio button and click OK to
finish the configuration.
Figure 3.1: TCP / IP
Figure 3.3: DNS Configuration
Figure 3.2: IP Address
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
For Windows NT4.0
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control
Panel, double-click Network and choose the Protocols
tab.
2. Select TCP/IP Protocol and click Properties. (See
Figure 3.4)
3. Select the Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server
radio button and click OK.
Figure 3.4: TCP / IP
Figure 3.5: IP Address
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For Windows 2000
1. Go to Start / Settings / Control Panel. In the Control
Panel, double-click Network and Dial-up
Connections.
2. Double-click Local Area (“LAN”) Connection. (See
Figure 3.6)
3.
In the LAN Area Connection Status window, click
Properties. (See Figure 3.7)
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click
Properties. (See Figure 3.8)
5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and
Obtain DNS server address automatically radio
buttons.
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.
Figure 3.6: LAN Area Connection
Figure 3.7: LAN Connection Status
Figure 3.8: TCP / IP
Figure 3.9: IP Address & DNS
Configuration
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For Windows XP
1. Go to Start / Control Panel (in Classic View). In the
Control Panel, double-click Network Connections.
2. Double-click Local Area Connection. (See Figure
3.10)
3. In the LAN Area Connection Status window, click
Properties. (See Figure 3.11)
4. Select Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and click Properties.
(See Figure 3.12)
5. Select the Obtain an IP address automatically and
Obtain DNS server address automatically radio
buttons. (See Figure 3.13)
6. Click OK to finish the configuration.
Figure 3.10: LAN Area Connection
Figure 3.1 1: LAN Connection Status
Figure 3.12: TCP / IP
Figure 3.13: IP Address & DNS
Configuration
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
Factory Default Settings
Before configuring your, you need to know the following default settings.
Web Interface:
Username: admin
Password : admin
LAN Device IP Settings:
IP Address: 192.168.1.254
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
ISP setting in WAN site :
PPPoE
DHCP server :
DHCP server is enabled.
Start IP Address : 192.168.1.100
IP pool counts : 100
Username and Password
The default username and password are “admin” and “admin” respectively.
If you ever forget the password to log in, you may press the RESET button
to restore the factory default settings
LAN and WAN Port Addresses
The parameters of LAN and WAN ports are pre-set in the factory. The default values are shown
below.
LAN Port WAN Port
IP address
192.168.1.254
Subnet Mask
255.255.255.0
DHCP server function
Enabled
IP addresses for
distribution to PCs
100 IP addresses continuing from
192.168.1.100 through 192.168.1.199
The PPPoE function is enabled
to automatically get the WAN
port configuration from the ISP,
but you have to set the
username and password first.
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
Information from your ISP
Before configuring this device, you have to check with your ISP (Internet Service Provider) what
kind of service is provided such as PPPoE, PPPoA, RFC1483, IPoA, or PPTP-to-PPPoA
Relaying.
Gather the information as illustrated in the following table and keep it for reference.
PPPoE VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, Username, Password, Service
Name, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it can be automatically
assigned by your ISP when you connect or be set manually).
PPPoA VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, Username, Password, and
Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it can be automatically assigned by
your ISP when you connect or be set manually).
RFC1483 Bridged VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing to use Bridged Mode.
RFC1483 Routed VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, IP address, Subnet mask,
Gateway address, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it is fixed IP
address).
IPoA VPI/VCI, VC-based/LLC-based multiplexing, IP address, Subnet mask,
Gateway address, and Domain Name System (DNS) IP address (it is fixed IP
address).
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Configuring with your Web Browser
Open your web browser, enter the IP address of your router, which by default is 192.168.1.254,
and click “Go”, a user name and password window prompt will appear. The default username
and password are “admin” and “admin”. (See Figure 3.14)
Figure 3.14: User namd & Password Prompt Widonw
You will get a status report web page when logged in successfully: (See Figure 3.15)
Figure 3.15: Staus Report Page
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
At the configuration homepage, the left navigation pane where bookmarks are provided links
you directly to the desired setup page, including:
Status (ARP Table, DHCP Table, PPTP Status, IPSec Status, Email Status, Event Log &
Error Log)
Quick Start
Configuration (LAN, WAN, System, Firewall, VPN, Virtual Server & Advanced)
Save Config to FLASH
Logout
Language (provides user interface in English language).
Please see the relevant sections of this manual for detailed instructions on how to configure
your Billion router.
Status
ARP Table
This section displays the router’s ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) Table, which shows the
mapping of Internet (IP) addresses to Ethernet (MAC) addresses. This is useful as a quick way
of determining the MAC address of the network interface of your PCs to use with the router’s
Firewall – MAC Address Filter function. See the Firewall section of this manual for more
information on this feature.
IP Address: A list of IP addresses of devices on your LAN (Local Area Network).
MAC Address: The MAC (Media Access Control) addresses for each device on your LAN.
Interface: The interface name (on the router) that this IP Address connects to.
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Static: Static status of the ARP table entry:
“no” for dynamically-generated ARP table entries
“yes” for static ARP table entries added by the user
PPTP Status
This shows details of your configured PPTP VPN Connections.
Name: The name you assigned to the particular PPTP connection in your VPN configuration.
Type: The type of connection (dial-in/dial-out).
Enabled: Whether this connection is currently enabled.
Active: Whether the connection is currently active.
Session Connected: Whether the VPN Session is currently connected.
Call Connected: If the Call for this VPN entry is currently connected.
Encryption: The encryption type used for this VPN connection.
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IPSec Status
This shows details of your configured IPSec VPN Connections.
Name: The name you assigned to the particular VPN entry.
Active: Whether the VPN Connection is currently Active.
Connection State: Whether the VPN is Connected or Disconnected.
Statistics: Statistics for this VPN Connection.
Local Subnet: The local IP Address or Subnet used.
Remote Subnet: The Subnet of the remote site.
Remote Gateway: The Remote Gateway IP address.
SA: The Security Association for this VPN entry.
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Email Status
Details and status for the Email Account you have configured the router to check. Please see
the Advanced section of this manual for details on this function.
Event Log
This page displays the router’s Event Log entries. Major events are logged to this window, such
as when the router’s ADSL connection is disconnected, as well as Firewall events when you
have enabled Intrusion or Blocking Logging in the Configuration – Firewall section of the
interface. Please see the Firewall section of this manual for more details on how to enable
Firewall logging.
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Error Logging
Any errors encountered by the router (e.g. invalid names given to entries) are logged to this
window.
UPnP Portmap
The section lists all port-mapping established using UPnP (Universal Plug and Play). Please
see the Advanced section of this manual for more details on UPnP and the router’s UPnP
configuration options.
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Quick Start
Quick Start offers a fast and easy way to configure the connection to your ISP.
For detailed instructions on configuring your WAN settings, please see the WAN section of this
manual.
Usually, the only details you will need for the Quick Start wizard to get you online are your login
(often in the form of username@ispname), your password the Encapsulation type. Residential
ISPs in Australia usually use PPPoA and PPPoE.
Your ISP will be able to supply all the details you need, alternatively, if you have deleted the
current WAN Connection in the WAN – ISP section of the interface, you can use the router’s
PVC Scan feature to attempt to determine the Encapsulation types offered by your ISP.
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Click Start to begin scanning for encapsulation types offered by your ISP. If the scan is
successful you will then be presented with a list of supported options:
Select the desired option from the list and click Apply to return to the Quick Start interface to
continue configuring your ISP connection. Please note that the contents of this list will vary,
depending on what is supported by your ISP.
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Configuration
When you click this item, you get following sub-items to configure the ADSL router.
LAN, WAN, System, Firewall, VPN, Virtual Server and Advanced
These functions are described below in the following sections.
LAN (Local Area Network)
There are four items within the LAN section: Ethernet, Wireless, Port Setting and DHCP
Server.
Ethernet
The router supports two Ethernet IP addresses in the LAN, and two different LAN subnets
through which you can access the Internet at the same time. Users will usually only have
one subnet in their LAN, so there is no need to configure a Secondary IP address. The
default IP address for the router is 192.168.1.254. The Advanced Options section will
allow you to manually configure the routing table.
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Chapter 3: Basic Installation and Configuration
Wireless (743 GE only)
ESSID: This is the unique ID given to the Access Point (AP). By default, the router comes
preconfigured with the ESSID “wlan-ap”. To connect the device, your wireless clients must
have the same ESSID as the device.
Regulation Domain: There are seven Regulation Domains for you to choose from,
including North America (N.America), Europe, France, Spain, Japan, Israel, and
Australia. The Channel ID will be different based on this setting.
Channel ID: Select the ID channel that you would like to use.
WEP Encryption: To prevent unauthorized wireless stations from accessing data
transmitted over the network, the router offers highly secure data encryption, known as
WEP. If you require high security for transmissions, there are two alternatives to select
from: WEP 64 and WEP 128. WEP 128 offers increased security over WEP 64.
Passphrase: This is used to generate WEP keys automatically based upon the input
string and a pre-defined algorithm in WEP64 or WEP128. You can input the same string in
both the AP and Client card settings to generate the same WEP keys. Please note that
you do not have to enter Key (0-3) as below when the Passphrase is enabled.
Default Used WEP Key: Select the encryption key ID, please refer to Key (0-3) below.
Note that on Windows and some wireless card software, the encryption key IDs are
instead numbered 1-4.
Key (0-3): Enter the key to encrypt wireless data. To allow encrypted data transmission,
the WEP Encryption Key values on all wireless stations must be the same as the router.
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There are four keys for your selection. The input format is either ASCII or HEX style.
WEP64 with ASCII keys requires 5 ASCII characters, and WEP128 with ASCII keys
requires 13 ASCII characters. WEP64 with HEX keys requires 10 HEX characters, and
WEP128 with HEX keys requires 26 HEX characters. The separator is a hyphen/dash ("-")
between each pair of characters. For example, using WEP64 and HEX keys, the key
1122334455 would be typed in as 11-22-33-44-55. Note that Windows, and some wireless
card software, do not use the hyphen/dash separator.
Reset: Reset the Wireless AP function.
Hide_SSID: When enabled, the Wireless AP is invisible from site-surveying by wireless
clients. Wireless clients still can associate with this Wireless AP if configured with the
same ESSID value.
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Port Setting
This section allows you to configure the settings for the router’s Ethernet ports to solve
some of the compatibility problems that may be encountered while connecting to the
Internet, as well allowing users to tweak the performance of their network.
Port # Connection Type: Five options to choose from: Auto, 10M half-duplex, 10M full-
duplex, 100M half-duplex or 100M full-duplex. Sometimes, there are Ethernet compatibility
problems with legacy Ethernet devices, and you can configure different types to solve
compatibility issues. The default is Auto, which users should keep unless there are
specific problems with PCs not being able to access your LAN.
Port # Rate Limit: This function allows you to limit the speed of Ethernet traffic for the
relevant port. The value entered will limit the speed of the port to the specified value’s
multiple of 32kbps. For example, to limit the speed of Port 1 to 128kbps, set a value of 4
for that port and Enable port rate limiting for that port. This can be useful if you want to
prevent one particular PC on your network from using all available Internet bandwidth.
This function will limit the speed of that port for all Ethernet traffic,
including LAN traffic.
IPv4 TOS priority Control (Advanced users): TOS, Type of Services, is the 2
nd
octet of
an IP packet. Bits 6-7 of this octet are reserved and bit 0-5 are used to specify the priority
of the packet.
This feature uses bits 0-5 to classify the packet’s priority. If the packet is high priority, it will
flow first and will not be constrained by the Rate Limit. Therefore, when this feature is
enabled, the router’s Ethernet switch will check the 2
nd
octet of each IP packet. If the value
in the TOS field matches the checked values in the table (0 to 63), this packet will be
treated as high priority.
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DHCP Server
You can disable or enable the DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server or
enable the router’s DHCP relay functions. The DHCP protocol allows your router to
dynamically assign IP addresses to PCs on your network if they are configured to obtain
IP addresses automatically.
To disable the router’s DHCP Server, check Disabled and click Next, then click Apply.
When the DHCP Server is disabled you will need to manually assign a fixed IP address to
each PC on your network, and set the default gateway for each PC to the IP address of
the router (by default this is 192.168.1.254).
To configure the router’s DHCP Server, check DHCP Server and click Next. You can then
configure parameters of the DHCP Server including the IP pool (starting IP address and
ending IP address to be allocated to PCs on your network), lease time for each assigned
IP address (the period of time the IP address assigned will be valid), DNS IP address and
the gateway IP address. These details are sent to the DHCP client (i.e. your PC) when it
requests an IP address from the DHCP server. Click Apply to enable this function. If you
check “Use Router as a DNS Server”, the ADSL Router will perform the domain name
lookup, find the IP address from the outside network automatically and forward it back to
the requesting PC in the LAN (your Local Area Network).
If you check DHCP Relay Agent and click Next, then you will have to enter the IP address
of the DHCP server which will assign an IP address back to the DHCP client in the LAN.
Use this function only if advised to do so by your network administrator or ISP. Click Apply
to enable this function.
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WAN (Wide Area Network)
WAN refers to your Wide Area Network connection, i.e. your router’s connection to your ISP
and the Internet. There are two items within the WAN section: ISP and DNS.
ISP
The factory default is PPPoE. If your ISP uses this access protocol, click Edit to input
other parameters as below. If your ISP does not use PPPoE, you can delete the default
WAN connection entry by clicking Delete. You may then click Create to create a
connection to your ISP to surf the Internet.
A simpler alternative is to delete the current WAN connection entry then select Quick Start
from the main menu on the left. Please see the Quick Start section of the manual for more
information.
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RFC 1483 Routed Connections
Description: Your description of this connection.
VPI and VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP. The default for Australian ISPs is
VPI=8, VCI=35.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the
Internet through a single IP account, sharing the single IP address. If users on your LAN
have public IP addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be
disabled.
Encapsulation method: Select the protocol format, the default is LlcBridged. Select the
one provided by your ISP.
DHCP client: Enable or disable the DHCP client, specify if the Router can get an IP
address from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) automatically or not. Please click Obtain
an IP address automatically via DHCP client to enable the DHCP client function or click
Specify an IP address to disable the DHCP client function, and specify the IP address
manually. The setting of this item is specified by your ISP.
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Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed)
The Advanced configuration section is for troubleshooting purpose
s
only. Please DO NOT change these settings unless advised to b
y
your ISP’s technical support staff or your network administrator.
There are nine items included in this Advanced Options section: Service, RFC 1483, Atm
Channel, Ip Interface, Tcp Mss Clamp, Rip Version and NAT.
Service
Service: The name of the creator and service, you can edit and change the name.
RFC 1483
RFC1483: Set the encapsulation method/mode. Your ISP will advise the mode to use.
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Atm Channel
ATM Channel: ATM channel related settings.
VPI: A field in the ATM header. The VPI is used to identify the virtual path that a circuit
belongs to. The VPI can be any value between 0 and 4095. For Australian users this
should be 8.
VCI: Part of the ATM header. The VCI is a tag that identifies which channel a cell will travel
over.The VCI can be any value between 1 and 65535. For Australian users this should be
35.
The VPI / VCI number is determined by your ISP, please contac
t
your ISP to get this information.
Peak Cell Rate: the maximum rate at which ATM cells are allowed to be transported into
the ATM network.
Burst Tolerance: Controls the maximum burst size for VBR (Variable Bit Rate) and VBR
RT (VBR Real Time) channels. This value overrides an existing BT value (if set). The MBS
can be any value between 0 and 100.
Cell Rate: Determines the minimum rate at which ATM cells are allowed to be transported
into the ATM network.
MBS: Maximum Burst Size; this command sets the maximum burst size (MBS) for the
RFC1483 transport.
Sustainable Cell Rate: the average cell rate for a VBR or VBR RT connection. The SCR
can be any positive value that is less than both the PortSpeed set (when the port was
created) and the PCR set for the channel.
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Ip Interface
Ip Interface: IP protocol related setting.
DHCP: Enables or disables DHCP for this interface.
MTU: Maximum Transmission Unit. The size of the largest datagram (excluding media-
specific headers) that IP will attempt to send through the interface.
Real Interface, Enabled, Layer2Session: for technical staff inspection purposes.
Tcp Mss Clamp
Tcp Mss Clamp: enables/disables TCP MSS (Maximum Segment Size) Clamp
functionality on an existing IP interface. When TCP MSS Clamp is enabled on an interface,
all TCP traffic routed through that interface will be examined. If a TCP SYN
(synchronize/start) segment is sent with a maximum segment size larger than the interface
MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit), the MSS option will be rewritten in order to allow TCP
traffic to pass through the interface without requiring fragmentation.
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Rip Versions
RIP Versions: this specifies whether or not an existing interface can send RIP messages
or accept RIP messages. You can specify which version of RIP messages will broadcast
routing information on the interface. Routing information is broadcast every 30 seconds or
when the RIP routing table is changed.
NAT
NAT: Enable or disable Network Address Translation protocol.
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PPPoE Connections
Description: A user-definable name for this connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP. The default for Australian ISPs will be
VPI=8, VCI=35.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the
Internet through a single ISP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN
have public IP addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be
disabled.
Username: Enter the username provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128
alphanumeric characters (case sensitive). This will usually be in the format of
“username@ispname” instead of simply “username”.
Password: Enter the password provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128
alphanumeric characters (case sensitive).
Service Name: This item is for identification purposes. If it is required, your ISP will
provide you the information. Maximum input is 20 alphanumeric characters.
Authentication Protocol: Default is Chap(Auto). Your ISP will advise you whether to use
Chap or Pap.
Always on: If you want the router to establish a PPPoE session when starting up and
to automatically re-establish the PPPoE session when disconnected by the ISP.
Connect to Demand: If you want to establish a PPPoE session only when there is a
packet requesting access to the Internet (i.e. when a program on your computer attempts
to access the Internet).
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Advanced (PPPoE)
The Advanced configuration section is for troubleshooting purpose
s
only. Please DO NOT change these settings unless advised to b
y
your ISP’s technical support staff or your network administrator.
There are nine items included in this Advanced Options section: Service, PPPoE, Atm
Channel, Ip Interface, Tcp Mss Clamp, Rip Version and NAT.
Service
Service: The name of the creator and service, you can edit and change the name.
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PPPoE
Access Concentrator: A PPPoE tag that identifies a remote access concentrator (or
PPPoE server). PPPoE will only connect to the named access concentrator. If no
concentrator tag is set, PPPoE connects to the first access concentrator that responds.
The tag name/number is determined by your ISP.
Service Name: A PPPoE tag that identifies a specific service that is acceptable to the
PPPoE client. If set, the PPPoE transport will connect to the first access concentrator it
finds that uses this service. If an access concentrator is also set, the PPPoE transport will
connect to the specified service on the named concentrator. The service name is
determined by your ISP.
Server: Dial-in status.
Create Route: This setting specifies whether a route is added to the system after IPCP
(Internet Protocol Control Protocol) negotiation is completed. If set to enabled, a route will
be created which directs packets to the remote end of the PPP link.
Specific Route: Specifies whether the route created when a PPP link comes up is a
specific or default route. If set to enabled, the route created will only apply to packets for
the subnet at the remote end of the PPP link. The address of this subnet is obtained
during IPCP negotiation.
Subnetmask: sets the subnet mask used for the local IP interface connected to the PPP
transport. If the value 0.0.0.0 is supplied, the netmask will be calculated from the class of
the IP address obtained during IPCP negotiation.
Routemask: Sets the subnet mask used by the route that is created when a PPP link
comes up. If it is set to 0.0.0.0, the subnet mask is determined by the IP address of the
remote end of the link. The class of the IP address is obtained during IPCP (Internet
Protocol Control Protocol) negotiation.
Hdlc: This setting allows you to enable/disable whether your system can transmit and
receive packets containing HDLC headers. If you want LLC packets to be transmitted and
received instead of/as well as HDLC packets.
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LLC: This setting allows you to enable/disable whether your system can transmit and
receive packets containing LLC headers.
Lcp Max Configure: Link Control Protocol; the maximum number of configuration
attempts that can be transmitted without reply before assuming that the destination
address is unable to respond.
Lcp Max Failure: Link Control Protocol; the maximum number of consecutive negative
acknowledgements (indicating that the information received contains errors) that can be
transmitted before assuming that parameter negotiation is not converging. It can be any
positive value.
Lcp Max Terminate: Link Control Protocol; the maximum number of consecutive
Terminate Requests that will be sent without reply before assuming that the destination
address is unable to respond. It can be any positive value.
Dial Auth: Sets the authentication method that remote PPP clients must use to dial in to
the server.
Dialout Username: A name that identifies a user and, together with the dialout password,
enables a user to login to the remote end. The username will be required by the PPP
server when the user wants to login remotely. It can be made up of one or more characters
and/or digits.
Dialout Password: An arbitrary word that acts as a dialout password enabling you to login
to the remote end. The password will be required by the PPP server when you want to
login remotely. It can be made up of one or more characters and/or digits.
Dialout Auth: Sets the authentication protocol used to connect to external PPP servers
(dialout).
Local IP: Tells the PPP process the local IP address to be associated with the client-end
of an interface.
Remote IP: Sets the IP address supplied to the remote end of the PPP connection during
negotiation. This is particularly important for PPP dial in transports.
38
Magic Number: This value is for establishing and identifying the PPP link. This is used in
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the LCP protocol.
MRU : Maximum Receive Unit. This is negotiated during the LCP protocol stage.
Use Ip Addr From IPCP: Specifies if the IP address given by IPCP negotiation process is
to be used.
Discover Primary/Secondary DNS: This setting enables/disables whether the
primary/secondary DNS server address is requested from a remote PPP peer using IPCP.
The default setting for this command is enabled.
Give DNSto Relay: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)
can request the DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has
discovered the DNS server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS
relay so that a connection can be established.
Give DNSto Client: Controls whether the PPP Internet Protocol Control Protocol (IPCP)
can request a DNS server IP address for a remote PPP peer. Once IPCP has discovered
the DNS server IP address, it automatically gives the address to the local DNS client so
that a connection can be established.
Give DNSto DHCP Server: Similar to the above, but gives the DNS server address to the
DHCP server.
Primary/Secondary Remote DNS: Sets the primary and secondary local DNS server
addresses that will be given to a remote PPP peer when the peer requests a primary or
secondary DNS server IP address using IPCP. Setting the secondary IP address is
optional.
Discover Primary NBNS / Discover Secondary NBNS / Remote NBNS / Remote
Secondary NBNS: For technical staff inspection purposes.
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Lcp Echo Every: This is the time frame frame (in seconds at which a specified PPP
transport is to send an LCP (Link Control Protocol) echo request . If no reply to the request
is received, the PPP connection is torn down. This functionality is also known as ‘keepalive’.
Auto Connect: This command allows you to enable/disable the PPPoE autoconnect
function. If enabled, PPPoE automatically connects to TCP/IP whenever a user requests
TCP/IP packets from a public destination.
Tcp Add Port Num, Tcp Del Port Num, Udp Add Port Num and
Udp Del Port Num: For technical staff inspection purposes.
Idle Timeout: The length of time (in minutes) that a PPPoE session connected to an ISP
can remain idle before the session is disabled. The time can be any value between 0 and
60. A value of 0 means that no idle timeout is set.
Atm Channel
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Ip Interface
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Tcp Mss Clamp
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Rip Versions
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
NAT
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
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RFC 1483 Bridged Connections
VPI and VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP.
Encapsulation method: Select the protocol format, this is provided by your ISP.
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Advanced (RFC1483 Bridged)
The Advanced configuration section is for troubleshooting purpose
s
only. Please DO NOT change these settings unless advised to b
y
your ISP’s technical support staff or your network administrator.
There are five items included in this Advanced Options section: Service, RFC 1483, Atm
Channel, Bridge Interface and Spanning Bridge Interface.
Service
Service: The name of the creator and service, you can edit and change the name.
RFC 1483
Mode (Encapsulation method): Select the protocol format. This is provided by your ISP.
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Atm Channel
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Bridge Interface
Ether Filter Type: Specify the type of ethernet filtering performed by the named bridge
interface.
All
Allows all types of ethernet packets through the port.
Ip
Allows only IP/ARP types of ethernet packets through the port.
Pppoe
Allows only PPPoE types of ethernet packets through the port.
Port Filter: Control the bridge’s forwarding and broadcasting behavior. It allows you to set
a portfilter on a bridge interface to determine which port or ports multicast and unknown
packets should be forwarded to.
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Spanning Bridge Interface
Priority: Set the spanning tree protocol priority. Where two bridges have the same priority,
their MAC address is compared and the smaller MAC address is treated as the most
significant. A value that assigns priority to the bridge: the lower the priority number, the
more significant the bridge becomes in protocol terms. The priority can be any value (in
seconds) between 0 and 65535.
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PPPoA Routed Connections
Description: User-definable name for the connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP. The default for Australian ISPs is
VPI=8, VCI=35.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the
Internet through a single IP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN
have public IP addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be
disabled.
Username: Enter the username provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128
alphanumeric characters (case sensitive). This will usually be in the format of
“username@ispname” instead of simply “username”.
Password: Enter the password provided by your ISP. You can input up to 128
alphanumeric characters (case sensitive).
Service Name: This item is for identification purposes. If it is required, your ISP will
provide you the information. Maximum input is 20 alphanumeric characters.
PPP Authentication Protocol Type: Default is Auto.
Always on: If you want the router to establish a PPPoA session when starting up and to
automatically re-establish the PPPoA session when disconnected by the ISP.
Connect to Demand: If you want to establish a PPPoA session only when there is a
packet requesting access to the Internet (i.e. when a program on your computer attempts
to access the Internet).
User Idle Timeout (in minutes): Auto-disconnect the broadband firewall gateway when
there is no activity on the line for a predetermined period of time.
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Advanced (PPPoA)
The Advanced configuration section is for troubleshooting purpose
s
only. Please DO NOT change these settings unless advised to by you
r
ISP’s technical support staff or your network administrator.
There are nine items included in this Advanced Options section: Service, PPP, Atm Channel,
Ip Interface, Tcp Mss Clamp, Rip Versions and NAT.
Service
Service: The name of the creator and service, you can edit and change the name.
PPP
Refer to Advanced (PPPoE) section.
Atm Channel
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Ip Interface
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Tcp Mss Clamp
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Rip Versions
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
NAT
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
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IPoA Routed Connections
Description: User-definable name for the connection.
VPI/VCI: Enter the information provided by your ISP. The default for Australian ISPs is
VPI=8, VCI=35.
NAT: The NAT (Network Address Translation) feature allows multiple users to access the
Internet through a single IP account, sharing a single IP address. If users on your LAN
have public IP addresses and can access the Internet directly, the NAT function can be
disabled.
DHCP client: Enable or disable the DHCP client, specifying if the router can obtain an IP
address from the Internet Service Provider (ISP) automatically or not. Please click Obtain
an IP address automatically via DHCP client to enable the DHCP client function or click
Specify an IP address to disable the DHCP client function, and specify the IP address
manually. The setting of this item is specified by your ISP.
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Advanced (IPoA Routed)
The Advanced configuration section is for troubleshooting purpose
s
only. Please DO NOT change these settings unless advised to by you
r
ISP’s technical support staff or your network administrator.
There are nine items included in this Advanced Options section: Service, PPP, Atm Channel,
Ip Interface, Tcp Mss Clamp, Rip Versions and NAT.
Service
Service: The name of the creator and service, you can edit and change the name.
IPoA
SVC: Switched Virtual Channel (SVC) status (true or false).
Atmarp: ARP Server ATM details (Server IP address or ‘here’). The ATM ARP server you
want to use. If you want your local machine to be the ATM ARP server, type ‘here’. If you
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want another machine to be the ATM ARP server, type the ATM-address of that machine.
Lifetime: Set idle time-out for IP over ATM SVCs. If there is no traffic on an SVC for this
period, then it will be disconnected.
Atm Channel
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Ip Interface
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Tcp Mss Clamp
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
Rip Versions
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
NAT
Refer to Advanced (RFC 1483 Routed) section.
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DNS
A Domain Name System (DNS) contains a mapping table for domain name and IP
addresses. On the Internet, every host has a unique and user-friendly name (domain
name) such as www.billion.com.au and an IP address. An IP address is a 32-bit number in
the form of xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, for example 192.168.1.254. You can think of an IP address as
a telephone number for devices on the Internet, and the DNS will allow you to find the
telephone number for any particular domain name. As an IP Address is hard to remember,
the DNS converts the friendly name into its equivalent IP Address.
You can obtain a Domain Name System (DNS) IP address automatically if your ISP has
provided it when you logon. Usually when you choose PPPoE or PPPoA as your WAN ISP protocol, the ISP will provide the DNS IP address automatically. You may leave the
configuration field blank. Alternatively, your ISP may provide you with an IP address of
their DNS. If this is the case, you must enter the DNS IP address.
If you choose one of the other three protocols ─ RFC1483 Routed/Bridged and IPoA
check with your ISP, it may provide you with an IP address for their DNS server. You must
enter the DNS IP address if you set the DNS of your PC to the LAN IP address of this
router.
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System
There are six items within the System section: Time Zone, Remote Access, Firmware
Upgrade, Backup/Restore, Restart Router and User Management.
Time Zone
The router does not have a real time clock on board; instead, it uses the Simple Network
Time Protocol (SNTP) to get the current time from an SNTP server outside your network.
Choose your local time zone, click Enable and click the Apply button. After a successful
connection to the Internet, the router will retrieve the correct local time from the SNTP
server you have specified. If you prefer to specify an SNTP server other than those in the
drop-down list, simply enter its IP address as shown above. Your ISP may provide an
SNTP server for you to use.
Resync Poll Interval (in minutes) is the periodic interval the router will wait before it re-
synchronizes the router’s time with that of the specified SNTP server. In order to avoid
unnecessarily increasing the load on your specified SNTP server you should keep the poll
interval as high as possible – at the absolute minimum every few hours or even days.
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Remote Access
To temporarily permit remote administration of the router (i.e. from outside your LAN),
select a time period the router will permit remote access for and click Enable. You may
change other configuration options for the web administration interface using Device
Management options in the Advanced section of the GUI.
If you wish to permanently enable remote access, choose a time period of 0 minutes.
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Firmware Upgrade
Your router’s “firmware” is the software that allows it to operate and provides all its
functionality. Think of your router as a dedicated computer, and the firmware as the
software it runs. Over time this software may be improved and modified, and your Billion
router allows you to upgrade the software it runs to take advantage of these changes.
Clicking on Browse will allow you to select the new firmware image file you have
downloaded to your PC. Once the correct file is selected, click Upgrade to update the
firmware in your router.
Please note: Australian users should only download new firmware updates from the
Australian Billion website at
www.billion.com.au – be sure you download and attempt to
install firmware updates for your specific model of router.
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Backup / Restore
These functions allow you to save and backup your router’s current settings to a file on
your PC, or to restore a previously saved backup. This is useful if you wish to experiment
with different settings, knowing that you have a backup handy in the case of any mistakes.
It is advisable to backup your router’s settings before making any significant changes to
your router’s configuration.
Press Backup to select where on your local PC to save the settings file. You may also
change the name of the file when saving if you wish to keep multiple backups.
Press Browse to select a file from your PC to restore. You should only restore settings
files that have been generated by the Backup function, and that were created when using
the current version of the router’s firmware. Settings files saved to your PC should
not be manually edited in any way.
After selecting the settings file you wish to use, pressing Restore will load those settings
into the router.
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Restart Router
Click Restart Router to reboot your router (and restore your last saved configuration). If
you wish to restart the router using the factory default settings (for example after a
firmware upgrade or if you have saved an incorrect configuration), check the Reset to
factory default settings box first.
You may also reset your router to factory settings by holding the small Reset pinhole
button on the back of your router in for 10-12 seconds whilst the router is turned on.
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User Management
In order to prevent unauthorized access to your router’s configuration interface, it requires
all users to login with a password. You can set up multiple user accounts, each with their
own password.
You are able to Edit existing users and Create new users who are able to access the
device’s configuration interface. Once you have clicked on Edit, you are shown the
following options:
You can change the user’s password, whether their account is active and Valid, as well
as add a comment to each user account. These options are the same when creating a
user account, with the exception that once created you cannot change the username. You
cannot delete the default admin account, however you can delete any other created
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accounts by clicking Delete when editing the user.
You are strongly advised to change the password on the default “admin” account when
you receive your router, and any time you reset your configuration to Factory Defaults. By
default this password is “admin”.
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Firewall and Access Control
Your router includes a full SPI (Stateful Packet Inspection) firewall for controlling Internet access
from your LAN, as well as helping to prevent attacks from hackers. In addition to this, when
using NAT (Network Address Translation. Please see the WAN configuration section for more
details on NAT) the router acts as a “natural” Internet firewall, as all PCs on your LAN will use
private IP addresses that cannot be directly accessed from the Internet.
Firewall: Prevents access from outside your network. The router provides three levels of
security support:
NAT natural firewall: This masks LAN users’ IP addresses which are invisible to outside users
on the Internet, making it much more difficult for a hacker to target a machine on your network.
This natural firewall is on when NAT function is enabled.
When using Virtual Servers your PCs will be exposed to the degree
specified in your Virtual Server settings provided the ports specified are
opened in your firewall packet filter settings.
Firewall Security and Policy (General Settings): Inbound direction of Packet Filter rules to
prevent unauthorized computers or applications accessing your local network from the Internet.
Intrusion Detection: Enable Intrusion Detection to detect, prevent and log malicious attacks.
Access Control: Prevents access from PCs on your local network:
Firewall Security and Policy (General Settings): Outbound direction of Packet Filter rules to
prevent unauthorized computers or applications accessing the Internet.
MAC Filter rules: To prevent unauthorized computers accessing the Internet.
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URL Filter: To block PCs on your local network from unwanted websites.
You can find six items under the Firewall section: General Settings, Packet Filter, Intrusion
Detection, MAC Address Filter, URL Filter and Firewall Log.
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General Settings
You can choose not to enable Firewall, to add all filter rules by yourself, or enable the
Firewall using preset filter rules and modify the port filter rules as required. The Packet
Filter is divided into two sections: Port Filters and Address Filters, used to filter packets
based-on Applications (Port) or IP addresses.
There are four options when you enable the Firewall, they are:
All blocked/User-defined: no pre-defined port or address filter rules by default,
meaning that all inbound (Internet to LAN) and outbound (LAN to Internet) packets
will be blocked. Users have to add their own filter rules for further access to the
Internet.
High/Medium/Low security level: the pre-defined port filter rules for High, Medium
and Low security are displayed in Port Filters of Packet Filter.
Select either High, Medium or Low security level to enable the Firewall. The only
difference between these three security levels is the preset port filter rules in the Packet
Filter. Firewall functionality is the same for all levels; it is only the list of preset port filters
that changes between each setting.
If you choose of the preset security levels and then add custom filters, you may
temporarily disable the firewall and recover your custom filter settings by re-selecting the
same security level.
When the Firewall is enabled, you can also enable the Firewall Logging function. The
Firewall Logs can be viewed via the Status – Event Log section of the web interface.
Please see the Status section of this manual for more information. If you encounter any
access problems with the Firewall enabled, you can check this log to identify whether the
problem is caused by the Packet Filter rules or not. Any time a connection attempt is
blocked by the firewall a corresponding entry will appear in the Event Log to assist in
troubleshooting and firewall port filter configuration.
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Packet Filter
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Port Filters
The pre-defined port filter rules for High, Medium and Low security levels are listed below.
Port Number Firewall - High Firewall - Medium Firewall - Low
Application Protocol
Start End Inbound
Outbound
Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound
HTTP(80) TCP(6) 80 80 NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
DNS (53) UDP(17) 53 53 NO
YES
NO
YES YES YES
DNS (53) TCP(6) 53 53 NO
YES
NO
YES YES YES
FTP(21) TCP(6) 21 21 NO NO NO
YES
NO
YES
Telnet(23) TCP(6) 23 23 NO NO NO
YES
NO
YES
SMTP(25) TCP(6) 25 25 NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
POP3(110) TCP(6) 110 110 NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
NEWS(119) TCP(6) 119 119 NO NO NO
YES
NO
YES
RealAudio
(7070)
UDP(17) 7070 7070 NO NO
YES YES YES YES
PING ICMP(1) N/A N/A NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
H.323(1720) TCP(6) 1720 1720 NO NO NO
YES YES YES
T.120(1503) TCP(6) 1503 1503 NO NO NO
YES YES YES
SSH(22) TCP(6) 22 22 NO NO NO
YES YES YES
NTP(123) UDP(17) 123 123 NO
YES
NO
YES
NO
YES
HTTPS(443) TCP(6) 443 443 NO NO NO
YES
NO
YES
ICQ (5190) TCP(6) 5190 5190 NO NO NO
NO YES YES
Inbound: Internet to LAN, Outbound: LAN to Internet.
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Address Filters
Address Filters are used to block traffic to/from particular IP addresses. They can be used
to block IP addresses either on the Internet or on your local network. There are no predefined address filter rules; you can add the filter rules to meet your requirements. There
are two kinds of address filters, one is inbound, the other is outbound. The rules can be
set to prevent unauthorized users (hosts or network) to access the Internet from LAN
(outbound) and/or access LAN from the Internet (inbound).
Host IP Address: This is the IP address you wish to block access to or from.
Host Subnet Mask: This is the subnet mask for the IP address range you wish to block.
Direction: Whether you want to block access to the Internet (“outbound”), from the
Internet (“inbound”) or both to and from the Internet (“both”).
Tip: To block access to/from a single IP address, enter that IP address as the Host IP
Address and use a Host Subnet Mask of “255.255.255.255”.
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Example: Configuring your firewall to allow for a publicly accessible web server
on your LAN
The pre-defined port filter rule for HTTP (TCP port 80) is the same no matter whether the
firewall is set to a high, medium or low security level. The default setting for HTTP allows
outbound access, but not inbound access. To setup a web server located on the local network
when the firewall is enabled, you have to configure the Port Filters setting for HTTP.
As you can see from the diagram below, when the firewall is enabled with one of the three
presets (Low/Medium/High), inbound HTTP access is not allowed.
Configuring Packet Filter
1. Click Packet Filter - you will get the following page:
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2. Click Port Filters. You will then be presented with the pre-defined port filter rules screen (in
this case for the low security level), shown below:
3. Click Delete to delete the existing HTTP rule.
4. Click Add TCP Filter.
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5. Input the port number (80) and set both Inbound & Outbound to Allow.
6. The new port filter rule for HTTP is shown below:
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7. Configure your Virtual Server (“port forwarding”) settings so that incoming HTTP requests
on port 80 will be forwarded to the PC running your web server:
To enable the HTTP service in Virtual Server settings, input the web server PC’s IP
address.
Tip: If you wish to setup permanent remote management of your router, you may enter
the router’s IP instead.
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Intrusion Detection
The router’s Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is used to detect hacker attacks and
intrusion attempts from the Internet. If the IDS function of the firewall is enabled, inbound
packets are filtered and blocked depending on whether they are detected as possible
hacker attacks, intrusion attempts or other connections that the router determines to be
suspicious.
Blacklist: If the router detects a possible attack, the source IP or destination IP address
will be added to the Blacklist. Any further attempts using this IP address will be blocked for
the time period specified as the Block Duration. The default setting for this function is
false (disabled). Some attack types are denied immediately without using the Blacklist
function, such as Land attack and Echo/CharGen scan.
Block Duration:
DoS Attack Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking hosts that attempt a
possible Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Possible DoS attacks this attempts to block
include Ascend Kill and WinNuke. Default value is 1800 seconds.
Scan Attack Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking hosts that attempt a
possible Scan attack. Scan attack types include X’mas scan, IMAP SYN/FIN scan
and similar attempts. Default value is 86400 seconds.
Victim Protection Block Duration: This is the duration for blocking Smurf attacks.
Default value is 600 seconds.
Victim Protection: If enabled, IDS will block Smurf attack attempts. Default is false.
Max TCP Open Handshaking Count: This is a threshold value to decide whether a SYN
Flood attempt is occurring or not. Default value is 100 TCP SYN per seconds.
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Max PING Count: This is a threshold value to decide whether an ICMP Echo Storm is
occurring or not. Default value is 15 ICMP Echo Requests (PING) per second.
Max ICMP Count: This is a threshold to decide whether an ICMP flood is occurring or not.
Default value is 100 ICMP packets per seconds except ICMP Echo Requests (PING).
For SYN Flood, ICMP Echo Storm and ICMP flood, IDS will just warn the user in the Event
Log. It can not protect against such attacks.
Table 1: Hacker attack types recognized by the IDS
Intrusion Name Detect Parameter Blacklist
Type of
Block
Duration
Drop
Packet
Show Log
Ascend Kill
Ascend Kill data Src IP DoS Yes Yes
WinNuke
TCP
Port 135, 137~139,
Flag: URG
Src IP DoS Yes Yes
Smurf
ICMP type 8
Des IP is broadcast
Dst IP
Victim
Protection
Yes Yes
Land attack
SrcIP = DstIP Yes Yes
Echo/CharGen Scan
UDP Echo Port and
CharGen Port
Ye s Yes
Echo Scan
UDP Dst Port =
Echo(7)
Src IP Scan Yes Yes
CharGen Scan
UDP Dst Port =
CharGen(19)
Src IP Scan Yes Yes
X’mas Tree Scan
TCP Flag: X’mas Src IP Scan Yes Yes
IMAP
SYN/FIN Scan
TCP Flag: SYN/FIN
DstPort: IMAP(143)
SrcPort: 0 or 65535
Src IP Scan Yes Yes
SYN/FIN/RST/ACK
Scan
TCP,
No Existing session
And Scan Hosts
more than five.
Src IP Scan Yes Yes
Net Bus Scan
TCP
No Existing session
DstPort = Net Bus
12345,12346, 3456
SrcIP Scan Yes Yes
Back Orifice Scan
UDP, DstPort =
Orifice Port (31337)
SrcIP Scan Yes Yes
SYN Flood
Max TCP Open
Handshaking Count
(Default 100 c/sec)
Ye s
ICMP Flood
Max ICMP Count
(Default 100 c/sec)
Ye s
ICMP Echo
Max PING Count
(Default 15 c/sec)
Ye s
Src IP: Source IP Src Port: Source Port
Dst Port: Destination Port Dst IP: Destination IP
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Example: Logfile entries for attacks detected by the firewall’s IDS
Attacked with a TCP packet/Port 1052 from source IP: 64.152.73.206:
Attacked by ICMP PING requests:
Attacked by NetBIOS_NAME_SERVICE_PORT packet from the source IP address
200.68.76.177 to port 137 (a netbios_ns port):
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MAC Address Filter
A MAC (Media Access Control) address is the unique network hardware identifier for each
PC on your network’s interface (i.e. its Network Interface Card or Ethernet card). Using
your router’s MAC Address Filter function, you can configure the switch to only accept
traffic from specified machines, or else to block specific machines from accessing your
LAN.
There are no pre-defined MAC address filter rules; you can add the filter rules to meet
your requirements
Enable/Disable: To enable or disable the MAC Address Filter function.
Allowed/Blocked: To allow or block the following MAC addresses to surf outside network
only. If you check Allowed, please be sure your PC’s MAC address is listed. If you check
Blocked, please be sure your PC’s MAC address is not listed.
MAC Address: There are 10 entries to enter the MAC addresses you want manage.
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URL Filter
URL (Uniform Resource Locator – e.g. an address in the form of http://www.billion.com.au/
or http://www.example.com/) filter rules allow you to prevent users on your network from
accessing particular websites by their URL. There are no pre-defined URL filter rules; you
can add filter rules to meet your requirements.
Enable/Disable: to enable or disable URL Filter feature.
Always Block: Select to always check the URL filter rules (i.e. at all hours of the day).
Block from: Specify the time period to check the URL filter rules (e.g. during work hours).
Keywords Filtering: Allows blocking by specific keywords within a particular URL rather
than having to specify a complete URL (e.g. to block any image called “advertisement.gif”).
When enabled, your specified keywords list will be checked to see if any keywords are
present in URLs accessed to determine if the connection attempt should be blocked.
Please note that the URL filter blocks web browser (HTTP) connection attempts using port
80 only.
For example, if the URL is
http://www.billion.com.tw/abcde.html, it will be dropped as the
keyword “abcde” occurs in the URL.
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Domains Filtering: This function checks the domain name in URLs accessed against
your list of domains to block or allow. If it is matched, the URL request will be sent (Trusted)
or dropped (Forbidden). The checking procedure is :
1. Check the domain in the URL to determine if it is in the trusted list. If yes, the
connection attempt is sent to the remote web server.
2. If not, check if it is listed in the forbidden list, and if present then the connection
attempt is dropped..
3. If the packet does not match either of the above two items, it is sent to the remote web
server.
4. Please be note that the domain only should be specified, not the full URL. For
example to block traffic to
www.billion.com.au, enter “billion” or “billion.com.au” instead
of “www.billion.com.au”. In the example below, the URL request for
www.billion.com.tw
will be sent to the remote web server because it is listed in the trusted list, whilst the
URL request for
www.billion.com or www.billion.com.au will be dropped, because
billion.com is in the forbidden list.
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VPN (Virtual Private Networks)
Your router support two main types of VPN (Virtual Private Network), PPTP and IPSec, and
these are the two major section choices from the menu on the left.
PPTP
There are two types of PPTP VPN supported, Remote Access and LAN-to-LAN (please refer
below for more information.). Click Create to configure a new VPN connection.
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Remote Access PPTP Connection
Connection Name: This allows you to identify this particular connection, e.g. “Connection
to office”.
Type: Check Dial Out if you want your router to operate as a client (connecting to a
remote VPN server, e.g. your office server), check Dial In operate as a VPN server.
When configuring your router as a Client, enter the remote Server IP Address (or
Hostname) you wish to connection to.
When configuring your router as a server, enter the Private IP Address Assigned to
Dial in User address.
Username: If you are a Dial-Out user (client), enter the username provided by your Host.
If you are a Dial-In user (server), enter your own username.
Password: If you are a Dial-Out user (client), enter the password provided by your Host.
If you are a Dial-In user (server), enter your own password.
PPP Authentication Type: Default is Auto if you want the router to determine the
authentication type to use, or else manually specify CHAP (Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol) or PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) if you know which
type the server is using (when acting as a client), or else the authentication type you want
clients connecting to you to use (when acting as a server). When using PAP, the password
is sent unencrypted, whilst CHAP encrypts the password before sending, and also allows
for challenges at different periods to ensure that the client has not been replaced by an
intruder.
Data Encryption: Data sent over the VPN connection can be encrypted by an MPPE
algorithm. Default is Auto, so that this setting is negotiated when establishing a
connection, or else you can manually Enable or Disable encryption.
Key Length: The data can be encrypted by MPPE algorithm with 40 bits or 128 bits.
Default is Auto, it is negotiated when establishing a connection. 128 bit keys provide
stronger encryption than 40 bit keys.
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Mode: You may select Stateful or Stateless mode. The key will be changed every 256
packets when you select Stateful mode. If you select Stateless mode, the key will be
changed in each packet.
Idle Time: Auto-disconnect the VPN connection when there is no activity on the
connection for a predetermined period of time. 0 means this connection is always on.
Click Apply after changing settings.
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LAN to LAN PPTP Connection
Connection Name: A user-define description of the connection.
When configuring your router establish the connection to a remote LAN, enter the
remote Server IP Address (or Hostname) you wish to connection to.
When configuring your router as a server to accept incoming connections, enter the
Private IP Address Assigned to Dial in User address.
Peer Network IP: Enter Peer network IP address.
Netmask: Enter the subnet mask of peer network based on the Peer Network IP setting.
Username: If you are a Dial-Out user (client), enter the username provided by your Host.
If you are a Dial-In user (server), enter your own username.
Password: If you are a Dial-Out user (client), enter the password provided by the your
Host. If you are a Dial-In user (server), enter your own password.
PPP Authentication Type: Default is Auto if you want the router to determine the
authentication type to use, or else manually specify CHAP (Challenge Handshake
Authentication Protocol) or PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) if you know which
type the server is using (when acting as a client), or else the authentication type you want
clients connecting to you to use (when acting as a server). When using PAP, the password
is sent unencrypted, whilst CHAP encrypts the password before sending, and also allows
for challenges at different periods to ensure that the client has not been replaced by an
intruder.
Data Encryption: Data sent over the VPN connection can be encrypted by an MPPE
algorithm. Default is Auto, so that this setting is negotiated when establishing a
connection, or else you can manually Enable or Disable encryption.
Key Length: The data can be encrypted by MPPE algorithm with 40 bits or 128 bits.
Default is Auto, it is negotiated when establishing a connection. 128 bit keys provide
stronger encryption than 40 bit keys.
Mode: You may select Stateful or Stateless mode. The key will be changed every 256
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packets when you select Stateful mode. If you select Stateless mode, the key will be
changed in each packet.
Idle Time: Auto-disconnect the VPN connection when there is no activity on the
connection for a predetermined period of time. 0 means this connection is always on.
Click Apply after changing settings.
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IPSec
Click Create to configure a new IPSec VPN connection.
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Configure a new VPN connection
Connection Name: A user-defined name for the connection (e.g. “connection to office”).
Local:
Local Network: Set the IP address, subnet or address range of the local network.
Single Address: The IP address of the local host.
Subnet: The subnet of the local network. For example, IP: 192.168.1.0 with netmask
255.255.255.0 specifies one class C subnet starting from 192.168.1.1 (i.e. 192.168.1.1
through to 192.168.1.254).
IP Range: The IP address range of the local network. For example, IP: 192.168.1.1,
end IP: 192.168.1.10
Remote:
Secure Gateway Address (or hostname): The IP address or hostname of the remote
VPN device that is connected and establishes a VPN tunnel.
Network: Set the IP address, subnet or address range of the remote network.
Proposal:
Proposal:
Select the IPSec security method. There are two methods of checking the
authentication information, AH (authentication header) and ESP (Encapsulating Security
Payload). Use ESP for greater security so that data will be encrypted and authenticated.
Using AH data will be authenticated but not encrypted.
Authentication: Authentication establishes the integrity of the datagram and ensures it is
not tampered with in transmit. There are three options, Message Digest 5 (MD5), Secure
Hash Algorithm (SHA-1) or NONE. SHA-1 is more resistant to brute-force attacks than
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MD5, however it is slower.
MD5: A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 128−bit hash.
SHA-1: A one-way hashing algorithm that produces a 160−bit hash.
Encryption: Select the encryption method from the pull-down menu. There are four
options, DES, 3DES, AES and NONE. NONE means it is a tunnel only with no encryption.
3DES and AES are more powerful but increase latency.
DES: Stands for Data Encryption Standard, it uses 56 bits as an encryption method.
3DES: Stands for Triple Data Encryption Standard, it uses 168 (56*3) bits as an
encryption method.
AES: Stands for Advanced Encryption Standards, it uses 128 bits as an encryption
method.
Perfect Forward Secrecy: Choose whether to enable PFS using Diffie-Hellman public-
key cryptography to change encryption keys during the second phase of VPN negotiation.
This function will provide better security, but extends the VPN negotiation time. DiffieHellman is a public-key cryptography protocol that allows two parties to establish a shared
secret over an unsecured communication channel (i.e. over the Internet). There are three
modes, MODP 768-bit, MODP 1024-bit and MODP 1536-bit. MODP stands for Modular
Exponentiation Groups.
Pre-shared Key: This is for the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol, a string from 4 to
128 characters. Both sides should use the same key. IKE is used to establish a shared
security policy and authenticated keys for services (such as IPSec) that require a key.
Before any IPSec traffic can be passed, each router must be able to verify the identity of
its peer. This can be done by manually entering the pre-shared key into both sides (router
or hosts).
Select the Save button to save the setting.
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Advanced Option
Click Advanced Option to change the following settings:
SA Lifetime: Specify the number of minutes that a Security Association (SA) will stay
active before new encryption and authentication key will be exchanged. There are two
kinds of SAs, IKE and IPSec. IKE negotiates and establishes SA on behalf of IPSec, an
IKE SA is used by IKE.
Phase 1 (IKE): To issue an initial connection request for a new VPN tunnelThe range can
be from 5 to 15,000 minutes, and the default is 240 minutes.
Phase 2 (IPSec): To negotiate and establish secure authentication. The range can be
from 5 to 15,000 minutes, and the default is 60 minutes.
A short SA time increases security by forcing the two parties to update the keys. However,
every time the VPN tunnel re-negotiates, access through the tunnel will be temporarily
disconnected.
Select the Change button to update the settings.
Tip: The Billion Australia website at http://www.billion.com.au/ FAQ section and forums
have many examples of configuring third-party VPN applications for establishing
connections with your Billion router, as well as many helpful tips from Billion and other
users on troubleshooting any issues you may encounter when establishing a VPN.
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Example: Configuring a Remote Access PPTP VPN Dial-in Connection
A remote worker establishes a PPTP VPN connection with the head office using Microsoft's
VPN Adapter (included with Windows 2000/ME, etc.). The router is installed in the head office,
connected to a couple of PCs and Servers.
Configuring PPTP VPN in the Office
The input IP address 192.168.1.200 will be assigned to the remote worker. Please make sure
this IP is not used in the Office LAN.
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Example: Configuring a Remote Access PPTP VPN Dial-out Connection
A company’s office establishes a PPTP VPN connection with a file server located at a separate
location. The router is installed in the office, connected to a couple of PCs and Servers.
Configuring the PPTP VPN in the Office
You can either input the IP address (69.1.121.33 in this case) or hostname to reach the server.
PPTP Status
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Example: Configuring a LAN-to-LAN PPTP VPN Connection
The branch office establishes a PPTP VPN tunnel with head office to connect two private
networks over the Internet.. The routers are installed in the head office and branch office
accordingly.
Configuring PPTP VPN in the Head Office
The IP address 192.168.1.201 will be assigned to the router located in the branch office. Please
make sure this IP is not used in the head office LAN.
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Configuring PPTP VPN in the Branch Office
The IP address 69.1.121.30 is the Public IP address of the router located in head office. If you
registered the DDNS (please refer to the DDNS section of this manual), you can also use the
domain name instead of the IP address to reach the router.
PPTP Status in the Head Office
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Example: Configuring a IPSec LAN-to-LAN PPTP VPN Connection
Network Configuration and Security Plan
Branch Office Head Office
Local Network ID 192.168.0.0/24 192.168.1.0/24
Local Router IP 69.1.121.30 69.1.121.3
Remote Network ID 192.168.1.0/24 192.168.0.0/24
Remote Router IP 69.1.121.3 69.1.121.30
IKE Pre-shared Key 12345678 12345678
VPN Connection Type Tunnel mode Tunnel mode
Security Algorithm ESP:MD5 with AES ESP:MD5 with AES
Configuring IPSec VPN in the Head Office
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Configuring IPSec VPN in the Branch Office
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Virtual Server (“Port Forwarding”)
In TCP/IP and UDP networks a port is a 16-bit number used to identify which application
program (usually a server) incoming connections should be delivered to. Some ports have
numbers that are pre-assigned to them by the IANA (the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority),
and these are referred to as “well-known ports”. Servers follow the well-known port assignments
so clients can locate them.
If you wish to run a server on your network that can be accessed from the WAN (i.e. from other
machines on the Internet that are outside your local network), or any application that can accept
incoming connections (e.g. Peer-to-peer/P2P software such as instant messaging applications
and P2P file-sharing applications) and are using NAT (Network Address Translation), then you
will usually need to configure your router to forward these incoming connection attempts using
specific ports to the PC on your network running the application. You will also need to use port
forwarding if you want to host an online game server.
The reason for this is that when using NAT, your publicly accessible IP address will be used by
and point to your router, which then needs to deliver all traffic to the private IP addresses used
by your PCs. Please see the WAN configuration section of this manual for more information on
NAT.
The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) is the central coordinator for the assignment of
unique parameter values for Internet protocols. Port numbers range from 0 to 65535, but only
ports numbers 0 to 1023 are reserved for privileged services and are designated as “well-known
ports”. The registered ports are numbered from 1024 through 49151. The remaining ports,
referred to as dynamic ports or private ports, are numbered from 49152 through 65535.
Examples of well-known and registered port numbers are as below, for further information,
please see IANA’s website at:
http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers
For help on determining which private port numbers are used by common applications on this
list, please see the FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) at:
http://www.billion.com.au/
Well-known ports
Port Number Protocol Description
20 TCP FTP Data
21 TCP FTP Control
22 TCP & UDP SSH Remote Login Protocol
23 TCP Telnet
25 TCP SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
53 TCP & UDP DNS (Domain Name Server)
69 UDP TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)
80 TCP World Wide Web HTTP
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110 TCP POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
119 TCP NEWS (Network News Transfer Protocol)
123 UDP NTP (Network Time Protocol)
161 TCP SNMP
443 TCP & UDP HTTPS
1503 TCP T.120
1720 TCP H.323
4000 TCP ICQ
7070 UDP RealAudio
Because NAT can act as a “natural” Internet firewall, your router protects your network from
being accessed by outside users when using NAT, as all incoming connection attempts will point
to your router unless you specifically create Virtual Server entries to forward those ports to a PC
on your network. When your router needs to allow outside users to access internal servers, e.g.
a web server, FTP server, Email server or game server, the router can act as a “virtual server”.
You can set up a local server with a specific port number for the service to use, e.g. web/HTTP
(port 80), FTP (port 21), Telnet (port 23), SMTP (port 25), or POP3 (port 110), When an
incoming access request to the router for a specified port is received, it will be forwarded to the
corresponding internal server.
For example, if you set the port number 80 (Web/HTTP) to be mapped to the IP Address
192.168.1.2, then all incoming HTTP requests from outside users will be forwarded to the local
server (PC) with the IP address of 192.168.1.2. If the port is not listed as a predefined
application, you need to add it manually.
In addition to specifying the port number to be used, you will also need to specify the protocol
used. The protocol used is determined by the particular application. Most applications will use
TCP or UDP, however you can specify other protocols using the drop-down Protocol menu.
Setting the protocol to “all” will cause all incoming connection attempts using all protocols on all
port numbers to be forwarded to the specified IP address.
DMZ: The DMZ Host is a local computer exposed to the Internet. When setting a particular
internal IP address as the DMZ Host, all incoming packets will be checked by the Firewall and
NAT algorithms, then passed to the DMZ host when a packet received does not use a port
number used by any other Virtual Server entries.
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91
Using port forwarding does have security implications, as outside users wil
l
be able to connect to PCs on your network. For this reason you are
advised to use specific Virtual Server entries just for the ports you
r
application requires instead of simply using DMZ or create a Virtual Serve
r
entry for “All” protocols, as doing so will result in all connection attempts to
your public IP address will access the PC specified.
If you have disabled the NAT option in the WAN-ISP section, the Virtua
l
Server function will hence be invalid.
If the DHCP server option is enabled, you have to be very careful in
assigning the IP addresses of the virtual servers in order to avoid conflicts.
The easiest way of configuring Virtual Servers is to manually assign stati
c
IP address to each virtual server PC, with an address that does not fall into
the range of IP addresses that are to be issued by the DHCP server. Yo
u
can configure the virtual server IP address manually, but it must still be in
the same subnet as the router.
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Advanced
Configuration options within the Advanced section are for users who wish to take advantage of
the more advanced features of the router. Users who do not understand the features should not
attempt to reconfigure their router, unless advised to do so by support staff.
There are four items within the Advanced section: Routing Table, Dynamic DNS, Checking
Email and Device Management.
Routing Table
Click on Routing Table and then choose Create Route add a routing table.
Destination: This is the destination subnet IP address.
Netmask: Subnet mask of the destination IP addresses based on above destination
subnet IP.
Gateway: This is the gateway IP address to which packets are to be forwarded.
Interface: Select the interface through which packets are to be forwarded.
Cost: This is the same meaning as Hop. This should usually be left at 1.
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Dynamic DNS
The Dynamic DNS function allows you to alias a dynamic IP address to a static hostname,
allowing users whose ISP does not assign them a static IP address to use a domain name.
This is especially useful for hosting servers via your ADSL connection, so that anyone
wishing to connect to you may use your domain name, rather than having to use your
dynamic IP address, which changes from time to time. This dynamic IP address is the
WAN IP address of the router, which is assigned to you by your ISP.
You will first need to register and establish an account with the Dynamic DNS provider
using their website, for example http://www.dyndns.org/
There are more than 5 DDNS services supported.
Dynamic DNS: Select the DDNS service you have established an account with.
Domain Name, Username and Password: Enter your registered domain name and your
username and password for this service.
Period: Set the time period between updates, for the Router to exchange information with
the DDNS server. In addition to updating periodically as per your settings, the router will
perform an update when your dynamic IP address changes.
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Check Emails
This function allows you to have the router check your POP3 mailbox for new Email
messages. The Mail LED on your router will light when it detects new messages waiting
for download. You may also view the status of this function using the Status – Email
Checking section of the web interface, which also provides details on the number of new
messages waiting. See the Status section of this manual for more information.
Disable: Check to disable the router’s Email checking function.
Enable: Check to enable the routers Emailing checking function. The following fields
will be activated and required:
Account Name: Enter the name (login) of the POP3 account you wish to check.. Normally,
it is the text in your email address before the "@" symbol. If you have trouble with it,
please contact your ISP.
Password: Enter the account’s password.
POP3 Mail Server: Enter your (POP) mail server name. You Internet Service Provider
(ISP) or network administrator will be able to supply you with this.
Interval: Enter the value in minutes between periodic mail checks.
Automatically dial-out for checking emails: When the function is enabled, your ADSL
router will connect to your ISP automatically to check emails if your Internet connection
dropped. Please be careful when using this feature if your ADSL service is charged by
time online.
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Device Management
The Device Management advanced configuration settings allow you to control your router’s
security options and device monitoring features.
Embedded Web Server:
HTTP Port: This is the port number the router’s embedded web server (for web-based
configuration) will use. The default value is the standard HTTP port, 80. Users may specify
an alternative if, for example, they are running a web server on a PC within their LAN.
Management IP Address: You may specify an IP address allowed to logon and access
the router’s web server. Setting the IP address to 0.0.0.0 will disable IP address
restrictions, allowing users to login from any IP address.
Expire to auto-logout: Specify a time frame for the system to auto-logout the user’s
configuration session.
For Example: User A changes HTTP port number to 100, specifies their own IP address
of 192.168.1.55, and sets the logout time to be 100 seconds. The router will only allow
User A access from the IP address 192.168.1.55 to logon to the Web GUI by typing:
http://192.168.1.254:100 in their web browser. After 100 seconds, the device will
automatically logout User A.
Universal Plug and Play (UPnP):
UPnP offers peer-to-peer network connectivity for PCs and other network devices, along
with control and data transfer between devices. UPnP offers many advantages for users
running NAT routers through UPnP NAT Traversal, and on supported systems makes
tasks such as port forwarding much easier by letting the application control the required
settings, removing the need for the user to control advanced configuration of their device.
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Both the user’s Operating System and the relevant application must support UPnP in
addition to the router. Windows XP and Windows Me natively support UPnP (when the
component is installed), and Windows 98 users may install the Internet Connection
Sharing client from Windows XP in order to support UPnP. Windows 2000 does not
support UPnP.
Disable: Check to disable the router’s UPnP functionality.
Enable: Check to enable the router’s UPnP functionality.
UPnP Port: Its default setting is 2800. It is highly recommended for users to use this port
value. If this value conflicts with other ports already being used you may wish to change
the port.
SNMP Access Control (Software on a PC within the LAN is required in order to utilize this
function) – Simple Network Management Protocol.
Read Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Read Community, and an IP
address. This community string will be checked against the string entered in the
configuration file. Once the string name is matched, user obtains this IP address will be
able to view the data.
Write Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Write Community, and an IP
address. This community string will be checked against the string entered in the
configuration file. Once the string name is matched, users from this IP address will be able
to view and modify the data.
Trap Community: Specify a name to be identified as the Trap Community, and an IP
address. This community string will be checked against the string entered in the
configuration file. Once the string name is matched, users from this IP address will be
sent SNMP Traps.
SNMP Version : SNMPv2c
Billion provides an SNMP utility for download via the website at www.billion.com.au which
allows users to obtain information from the router without the need to have advanced
knowledge of the workings of SNMP. Advanced users may refer to the information below in
order to access the router using custom utilities and scripts:
SNMP version: SNMPv2c
(SNMPv2c is the combination of the enhanced protocol features of SNMPv2 without the
SNMPv2 security. The "c" comes from the fact that SNMPv2c uses the SNMPv1
community string paradigm for "security", but is widely accepted as the SNMPv2 standard.)
Traps supported: Cold Start, Authentication Failure.
The following MIBs are supported:
From RFC 1213 (MIB-II):
System group
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