Community
R1 Models (EN54-24)
Installation and Operation Guide
Models
R1- 64Z- EN
R1- 66Z- EN
R1- 9 4Z-EN
FEATURES
• Two-way coaxial full-range horn-loaded systems that
excel at both voice projection and full-range, highfidelity music reproduction
• Drivers: 1” exit, titanium compression HF driver and
one 12” FerroFluid-cooled LF with a water-resistant
cone
• Highly weather-resistant fiberglass enclosure
CONTENTS
Each shipping carton contains the following items:
• R1-EN loudspeaker
• Steel mounting yoke
• Multi-angle aiming strap
• QR sheet - with QR link to installation manual
• Loudspeaker Safety Guide
• Application-specic coverage patterns
• Easy to install and aim with included yoke and strap
• 3-layer grille with polyester mesh and UV-resistant
foam, bonded to zinc-rich epoxy dual-layer powdercoated perforated marine-grade aluminum
• Mounting hardware: 1/2"-13 hex bolts (2" x 5), 1/2"
lock washers (x 5), 1/2" flat washers (x 5), and 2" OD
rubber gaskets (x5), 8-32 x 2" hex bolt (x1), #8 flat
washers (x2), 8-32 lock nut (x1). All hardware is
stainless steel. The 1/2" hardware is pre-installed in
the loudspeaker enclosure.
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA W: biamp.com
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS
EN54-24:2008
RIGGING AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY
Always follow these basic safety precautions when using or
installing R SERIES loudspeakers and accessories:
• Read these instructions prior to assembly.
• Keep these instructions for reference.
• Heed all warnings.
• Follow all instructions, particularly those pertaining to rigging, mounting, hanging and
electrical connections.
• Only use attachments and accessories that are specied and approved by the
manufacturer.
• Refer all servicing to qualied service personnel. Servicing is required when the
apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power-supply cord or plug is
damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, does not
operate normally, or has been dropped.
The terms caution, warning, and danger may be used in this
manual to alert the reader to important safety considerations.
If you have any questions or do not understand the meaning of
these terms, do not proceed with installation. Contact your local
dealer, distributor, or call Biamp directly for assistance. These
terms are dened as:
CAUTION: describes an operating condition or user
action that may expose the equipment or user to potential
damage or danger.
WARNING: describes an operating condition or user
action that will likely cause damage to the equipment or
injury to the user or to others in the vicinity.
DANGER: describes an operating condition or user action
that will immediately damage the equipment and/or be
extremely dangerous or life threatening to the user or to
others in the vicinity.
These servicing instructions are for use by qualied service
personnel only. To reduce the risk of re or electric shock do not
perform any servicing other than that contained in the operating
instructions unless you are qualied to do so.
DANGER: The loudspeakers described in this manual are
designed and intended to be ‘own’ or suspended using a
variety of rigging hardware, means, and methods.
Installation of loudspeakers should only be performed by trained
and qualied personnel. It is strongly recommended that a
licensed and certied professional structural engineer approve
the mounting design. Severe injury and/or loss of life may occur if
these products are improperly installed! All electrical connections
must conform to applicable city, county, state, and national (NEC)
electrical codes.
DANGER: R SERIES rigging ttings are rated at specic
Working Load Limits (WLL) per model line. No single
rigging tting should ever be subjected to a load that is
greater than the stated load. Failure to heed this warning could
result in injury or death!
• R1 models have a WLL of 100 lbs (45.4 kg) with a 10:1 safety margin.
IMPORTANT: Refer to the sections on installation and
connections later in this manual for additional information
on rigging and electrical safety.
DANGER: It is possible to experience severe electrical
shock from a power amplier. Always make sure that all
power ampliers are in the “OFF" position and unplugged
from an AC Mains supply before performing electrical work.
DANGER: It is essential that a safety cable (not
supplied) be utilized whenever an R SERIES
Loudspeaker is installed. The safety cable must be
secured to a suitable load-bearing point separate from the
loudspeaker mounting point, with as little slack as possible so
as not to develop undue kinetic force if the mounting bracket
were to fail. Utilize one of the unused threaded mounting
points on the enclosure for this purpose.
EC STATEMENT OF CONFORMITY
This document conrms that Biamp's range of products bearing the CE label meet all the requirements laid down by the Member
States Council for adjustment of legal requirements, furthermore the products comply with the rules and regulations referring to the
electromagnetic compatibility of devices from 16 April 2016.
The Biamp products bearing the CE label comply with the following directives: Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU and the Waste from
Electrical Equipment Directive 2002/96/EC RoHS.
The authorized declaration and compatibility certication resides with the manufacturer and can be viewed upon request. The
responsible manufacturer is the company:
Biamp Systems, LLC
9300 SW Gemini Drive • Beaverton, OR 97008, USA
biamp.com
Technical data sheets for listed products can be found at the end of this manual. Contact the Compliance department at Biamp for the
Declaration of Performance (R-126-002). compliance@biamp.com
18
0905
page 2 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
PRODUCT FEATURES IDENTIFICATION
Typical R1 Full-range Model
Safety Cable Attachment Point: (Utilize empty rigging point. User must supply appropriate fastener and safety cable)
(pre-installed)
Grille
Horn
Model Label
Side
Gland Nut
Yok e
1/2 "-13
Rigging points
(total 5)
1/2 "-13
Rigging point
16-2 SJOW Cable
Angle Securing Strap
Angle Securing Strap
Strap positions
CAUTION: Installation of R SERIES loudspeakers should only be performed by trained and qualied personnel. It is strongly
recommended that a licensed and certied professional structural engineer approve the mounting. Severe injury and/or loss
of life may occur if this product is improperly installed.
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 3
RIGGING / SUSPENSION AND SAFETY
TERMINOLOGY: The terms “rigging", “ying" and
“suspension" are often used interchangeably to describe
the installation of loudspeaker systems above ground
level. None of these terms pertain to, or attempt to
describe, the actual method that is used (cables, brackets,
chains, etc.).
DANGER: The loudspeakers described in this
manual are designed and intended to be suspended
using a variety of rigging hardware, means, and
methods. It is essential that all installation work involving
the suspension of these loudspeaker products be
performed by competent, knowledgeable persons who
understand safe rigging practices. Severe injury and/or
loss of life may occur if these products are improperly
suspended.
DANGER: All rigging ttings and inserts must
remain sealed with the included hardware or they
must be tted with properly rated optional mounting
hardware. Any missing fasteners will compromise the
weather resistance of the enclosure.
BIAMP RIGGING HARDWARE WARRANTY:
Biamp warrants that its loudspeaker systems and its
optional mounting and rigging hardware have been
carefully designed and tested. Biamp loudspeakers may
be safely suspended when each loudspeaker model is
suspended with Biamp-manufactured mounting and rigging
brackets specifically designed for use with that particular
model of loudspeaker. This warranty applies only for use
under normal environmental conditions, and when all
loudspeakers, component parts, brackets and hardware are
assembled and installed in strict accordance with Biamp’s
installation guidelines contained herein. Beyond this, Biamp
assumes no further or extended responsibility or liability, in
any way or by any means whatsoever. It is the responsibility
of the installer to insure that safe installation practices are
followed, and that such practices are in accordance with
any and all local, state, federal, or other, codes, conditions,
and regulations that may apply to, or govern the practice
of, rigging, mounting, and construction work in the relevant
geographic territory. Any modifications made to any parts
or materials manufactured or supplied by Biamp shall
immediately void all pledges of warranty or surety, related
in any way to the safe use of those parts and materials.
WARNING NON-Biamp RIGGING HARDWARE:
Non-Biamp hardware used for rigging an R SERIES
loudspeaker must be certied by the supplier for
such use and must be properly rated for safety.
IMPORTANT NOTES ON RIGGING LOUDSPEAKERS
There are three (3) areas of responsibility for rigging
loudspeakers.
• The building structure: Always consult with the building
architect or structural engineer to assure the ability of
the structure to support the loudspeaker system.
• The loudspeaker itself: Biamp certies its loudspeaker
systems and rigging accessories for suspension when
they are properly installed according to our published
guidelines.
• Everything between the loudspeaker and the building
structure and the process of installation: The installing
contractor assumes this responsibility. Loudspeaker
rigging should be performed only by certied rigging
professionals using certied rigging hardware chosen
for the specic application. Prior to installation, the
contractor should present a rigging plan, with drawing
and detailed parts list, to a licensed structural engineer
(P.E.) or architect for written approval.
WARNING: R SERIES rigging ttings are rated at
the Working Load Limits (WLL) listed on page 3. No
single rigging tting should ever be subjected to a
load that is greater than the stated load. Failure to heed
this warning could result in injury or death!
Acceptable Mounting Point Loading
The mounting points should always be used so that either
shear force is applied perpendicular to the direction of and
in tight proximity to the mounting hole, or tension force
is applied perpendicular to the enclosure surface. See
Figure 1 below.
DANGER: Use the mounting points only as
described above. Do not use them in such a way as
to apply sideways leverage to them. Failure to
follow this instruction could result in immediate failure of
the mounting points resulting in damage to the
loudspeaker and serious injury or death to personnel.
Correct
Yoke tight against
rubber washer and
enclosure
Yok e
Custom
Bracket
NOT Correct
Bracket spaced away
from enclosure
Enclosure
Figure 1. Mounting point load
page 4 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
INSTALLATION
Before you start
NOTE: Read all instructions and gather tools necessary
before starting the installation. Please read all safety
instructions and warnings regarding rigging and installation
of the loudspeaker.
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information
contained in this manual was complete and accurate at
the time of printing. However, due to ongoing technical
advances, changes or modifications may have occurred
that are not covered in this publication. The latest version of
this manual is always available at biamp.com. The revision
date can be found on the rear cover.
WARNING: Loudspeakers are heavy. To prevent
injury or damage, they should be supported during
the mounting process until the connection is secure.
The yoke should rst be attached to the R1 then the entire
assembly mounted to a structure. In some cases it may be
desirable to mount the yoke and secure it in place before
mounting the R1 to the yoke. The R1 yoke is attached to
the R1 and the Securing Strap is used to lock in the angle
of the R1 within the yoke.
1. Determine whether the yoke will be attached to the
sides or top/ bottom of the loudspeaker. This depends
on what the yoke is to be mounted to and the how the
R1 must be oriented for proper coverage. There are 3
holes on each side of the yoke. The particular holes
to use will depend on the clearance needed within the
yoke due to the aiming angle of the R1.
2. Once the position of the yoke is determined, remove
the 1/2-13 hardware from the mounting points where
the yoke is to be attached.
3. Position the loudspeaker within the yoke making sure
that the large rubber washers sit between the yoke and
the enclosure. Attach the yoke with the same hardware
just removed as shown in Figure 2. Tighten only enough
so as to allow the yoke to move. The rubber washer has
a 7/16 in. (11 mm) hole so it ts quite snugly around
the mounting bolts to form the weather seal for the R1
mounting hole. It also provides some friction to help
hold the yoke in position until completely secured.
Securing Strap
must be bent as
needed too reach
one of the R1
mounting points
Orient the Securing Strap as shown
Figure 2. Mount the R1 yoke to the loudspeaker
CAUTION: In order to maintain the weather-resistant integrity
of an R1, all ve rubber washers supplied must be used and be
ush against the enclosure when the R1 is mounted.
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 5
INSTALLATION (CONTINUED)
4. Mount the R1 and its attached yoke to the structure that
will support it. If the center hole on the yoke crossbar is
used as one of the yoke mounting points you need to
attach the Securing Strap to this hole at the same time
you mount the yoke to the structure. Position the single
hole end of the Securing Strap on the underside of the
yoke crossbar. and attach as shown in Figure 2.
5. After properly securing the yoke to the structure, adjust
the nal aiming angle of the R1. Once the aiming angle
is set, carefully bend the Securing Strap towards the
nearest mounting point on the R1 so that one of the
series of holes in the Strap lines up with the selected
mounting point. This may involve forming the strap into
a "U" shape (shown in Figure 2) to reach one of the
remaining side mounting points or the rear mounting
point.
6. Attach the Securing Strap to the mounting point on
the R1 enclosure using the 1/2-13 hardware already
installed in that mounting point. Make sure that the
rubber washer is located between the Securing Strap
and the enclosure.
7. Firmly tighten the bolts holding the yoke to the R1
enough to seat the lock washers. Be careful not to overtighten as, given the size wrench that typically will be
used, it is possible to apply excessive torque.
8. Ensure that the attachment bolt used to attach the
Securing Strap to the R1 is securely tightened.
CAUTION: Any of the mounting bolts supplied with the R1 that are not
used for mounting must be left in place with their rubber washers and
rmly tightened to maintain the integrity of the weatherproong.
page 6 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
WIRING AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY
All standard R1 loudspeakers come with attached SJOW
rated input cables, 12' (3.6 m) in length. The cable enters the
enclosure through a waterproof gland nut. The other end of
the cable is un-terminated. The designer must account and
compensate for cable losses between the amplifier and the
speaker system. Do not remove the gland nut attaching the
cable to the rear of the loudspeaker, as this will compromise
the weather integrity of the enclosure. Please contact
the Customer Support for additional assistance (email:
support@biamp.com)
1. Wire the loudspeaker. A typical installation method is
to bring the cable into a waterproof junction box (J-box)
equipped with a waterproof gland nut. Connections
within the J-box may be made with barrel-type crimp
connectors, wire nuts, solder and heat-shrink, or
terminal strips. Terminate per your local electrical code.
We recommend using barrel-type crimp connectors
that are crimped with a forged crimp or a ratcheting
tool, as this method, when properly executed, results in
a gas-tight connection that is easy to accomplish.
IMPORTANT: All electrical installation connections
for loudspeaker lines are subject to all applicable
governmental building and re codes. The selection
of appropriate electrical hardware to interface with the
R SERIES loudspeaker lies solely with the installation
professional. Biamp recommends that an appropriately
licensed engineer, electrician, or other qualied
professional identify and select the appropriate conduit,
ttings, wire, etc. for the installation.
DANGER: The output power capabilities of audio
ampliers present a danger to installers. To
minimize the risk of electric shock from loudspeaker
connecting cables, conrm that the power ampliers are
turned “o" before connecting loudspeaker cable(s) to the
loudspeaker or amplier. Always follow local electrical
codes and proper electrical safety procedures.
WARNING: After wiring the amplier(s) to the
loudspeaker(s), rst power-up all devices that are
upstream of the amplier, such as mixers, equalizers,
compressor/limiters, etc., before powering-up the amplier.
This is to avoid passing any clicks or pops that may
originate in the upstream devices to the loudspeakers. The
amplier should initially be powered-up with its gain controls
turned all the way down. After making sure that a continuous
signal is present, such as a CD playing, slowly raise the
level of the gain controls to establish that the wiring has
been installed correctly. Only then should the loudspeaker
be operated at normal output levels.
Standard Wiring
Connect as shown in Figure 3. The cables are
2-conductor standard weather-resistant cables 12' (3.6m)
in length.
(–) ( Black)
(+) ( White)
Figure 3. Standard wiring
FINAL ASSEMBLY AND TESTING
1. All holes should be lled with the provided hardware
or other suitable replacement in order to maintain
weather-resistance.
2. Attach a safety cable to an attachment point on each
loudspeaker. The safety cable and hardware are not
included. Please consult a structural engineer for the
appropriate cable for the load and application. The
safety cable attachment points should not be located
on opposite sides of the cabinet in such a manner that
they present a signicant force that pulls the insert
points away from each other. The safety cable must be
secured to a suitable load-bearing point separate from
the loudspeaker mounting point, with as little slack as
possible, so as not to develop undue kinetic force if the
R SERIES mounting were to fail.
3. Power and test the system.
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 7
PERFORMANCE
Use A Digital Signal Processor
For best performance, loudspeaker protection and system
longevity, a digital signal processor (DSP) should be used
with all R SERIES loudspeakers. Biamp recommends using
Biamp's Amplified Loudspeaker Controllers (ALC-404 or
higher power models) and ArmoníaPlus software* containing
all of the information (high pass filters, limiters, factory
tunings) and DSP settings to fully optimize your system. For
more information on installing and operating your R SERIES
loudspeaker, please contact our Loudspeaker Support
Group at support@biamp.com.
SIGNAL PROCESSING
High and Low Pass Filters
R1 models use fully horn-loaded low frequency drivers.
Refer to the DSP settings files or product data sheets on
the Biamp website for the recommended high and low pass
filter values. Attempts to reproduce significant levels below
these frequencies can result in over-excursion of the low
frequency drivers due to the uncoupling of the low frequency
horn.
The appropriate electronic high-pass filter with a minimum
slope of 12 dB per octave must be employed. Its usage will
protect the drivers from much of the extreme low frequency
content found on media sources. The high-pass filter will
also protect against unwanted low frequency energy that
can originate from microphone wind noise - an important
consideration for outdoor applications.
Power Amplication
Power amplifiers for R SERIES models should be capable
of providing enough power to properly drive the loudspeaker
without the amplifiers entering into a state of clipping.
Clipping occurs when an amplifier runs out of power. The
peaks of the reproduced waveform begin to ‘clip’ and
resemble a square wave instead of the typical sine waves
and saw-tooth waves that form the basis of most speech
and music. Clipping leads to rapid driver failure because the
driver is no longer moving as it’s designed to. When power
is flowing into a driver, but movement is limited because of
amplifier clipping, much of the energy is converted to heat
which will soon cause the driver’s voice coil to burn out.
Power Rating
Refer to the model specification sheets for the recommended
amplifier for each model. It is better to oversize the amplifier
to avoid clipping, than to undersize it. Power amplifiers
should exhibit good sonic properties while providing high
reliability to keep the system functioning properly.
Equalization
Equalization should not be overdone. Small amounts of
frequency boost can brighten-up the higher frequencies
and round out the lower frequencies, but they should be
restricted to no more than approximately +3 dB in order to
avoid damage to the drivers.
Equalization cuts can be very effective for removing the
effects of room resonance and other unwanted acoustical
artifacts, but here again should be kept to a minimum.
Extreme EQ cuts (or attenuation) will not cause driver
damage, but should be used with discretion to avoid acoustic
‘holes’ in the audible spectrum.
External equalization can be used to "voice" the loudspeaker
for particular applications and is especially effective in
attenuating feedback-prone frequencies.
CAUTION: Do not attempt to boost frequencies at,
or below, 40 Hz with an equalizer (either graphic or
parametric). This will counteract the eect of the
high-pass lter discussed previously, potentially
causing damage to the drivers.
page 8 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
COMMISSIONING THE SYSTEM
Commissioning is the process of optimizing the
performance of a sound system after it has been installed.
There are several important steps in commissioning a
system; these include the following:
1. Verifying the proper operation of each system
component:
a. Every source such as mixers, microphones, media
players, audio feeds from other locations, and so on,
should be tested independently of the newly installed
system to insure that they are working properly.
b. All ampliers should be tested independently of the
main system to verify that they are each receiving
their intended signal (i.e. HF, LF, delayed, etc.). Many
ampliers have numerous modes in which they can
function. It’s extremely important to make sure that
each amplier in the system has the right settings
applied in order to properly perform its intended
function in the system.
c. The DSP ‘front end’ must be set up carefully to insure
that its internal routing and gain structure are correct
for the overall system requirements. It’s possible to
almost instantly damage mid and high frequency
drivers if the LF and HF outputs are accidentally
crossed.
d. After all electronic components and interconnects
have been tested and veried, it’s then time to test
each loudspeaker element in the system. Such
testing should be performed at VERY low audio
levels to avoid damage to drivers from possible
wiring errors. Each loudspeaker section should
be carefully listened to, in order to make sure it is
performing properly. It should then be checked with
a hand-held phase checker to verify that no phase
errors are present.
2. Next, the gain structure of the system should be
established. Each component in the signal path should
be adjusted to provide the intended input and output
levels. Gain structure is a somewhat complex subject
that goes beyond the scope of this manual. Moreover,
‘proper’ gain settings vary signicantly from one
device to another. We recommend that you read the
User’s Manual for each device that is present in the
signal path, and adjust according to the manufacturer’s
recommendations, so that your system will operate will
the lowest possible noise oor and highest possible
headroom – which is what gain structure is all about.
3. Set protective limiters and high-pass lters.
4. Set delay times (if any) to align one or more ancillary
loudspeakers with the arrival time of the sound from
the primary source. If delayed speakers are used to
augment the main source, their timing must be set so
that the sound arriving at the listener’s ears from each
delay speaker will be in sync with the sound arriving
from the primary source. This is usually accomplished
with test and measurement instrumentation, but in a
pinch can be set by applying a short duration pulse to
the system and establishing the delay time by ear. An
inexpensive electronic metronome is a good source for
adjusting delay times by ear.
5. Equalize the system to achieve the best possible sound
quality. This last step in system commissioning is
known as system equalization or “voicing.” Equalization
is the process of adjusting the frequency response of
the system, by use of an equalizer, to optimize voice
intelligibility, musical sound quality, or both. Note that all
R SERIES loudspeakers are factory voiced to optimize
speech intelligibility as well as musical sound quality.
For this reason, many designers and installers nd that
they can minimize overall system equalization and still
achieve excellent voice intelligibility and high grade
sonic properties.
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 9
MAINTAINING WEATHER RESISTANCE
SPECIFICATIONS
Guidelines for R Series Outdoor Use
R SERIES is suitable for outdoor direct exposure
installation when used as recommended. For best results
in outdoor applications, follow these guidelines:
• Always orient the loudspeaker so the mouth of the horn is,
at a minimum, pointing at least 5 degrees downward. Failure
to do this could result in water collecting inside the enclosure
under extreme weather conditions.
• When handling an R SERIES loudspeaker, be careful not
to scratch or scrape the nish on the grille, bracket, or
enclosure.
• All mounting holes must be sealed o with the plugs or
stainless steel bolts, washers, and rubber washers supplied.
If, for any reason, the hardware must be removed, seal
o the hole with silicone caulking or some other suitable
weather-tight sealant.
• The gland-nut securing the loudspeaker cable(s) to the
enclosure is sealed at the factory. Do not attempt to remove
this nut or the weather-tight seal will be broken. If you
need to replace the gland-nut with a detachable electrical
connector, such connector must be of a weatherproof design
and sealed to the enclosure with silicone caulk or other
suitable weather-tight sealant. The Neutrik model NL4MP is
an excellent connector for this purpose.
NOTE: The gland-nut should be at the bottom when
installing the loudspeaker. It is also advisable to leave a “drip
loop” so water will not migrate toward the loudspeaker.
• The rubber washers supplied with the mounting bolts must
always seat against the enclosure.
• The grille assembly is designed to prevent normal and
wind-driven rain from directly entering the mouth of the
loudspeaker. The grille is not designed to withstand such
things as being directly sprayed from a hose; therefore this
should be avoided.
• If you use any hardware in place of hardware provided with
your R SERIES loudspeaker, it should also be made of
stainless steel.
CAUTION: If the above instructions are not
observed, the weather-resistant integrity of the
loudspeaker can be compromised. This may result
in damage or failure of the hardware or internal
components which will void the warranty.
Specications and Information
Copies of the product specications are available at
the end of this manual and all current documentation
(manuals, sales literature) is available at
biamp.com in the Community section. Additional technical
information to assist you in operating and optimizing
your system or understanding more about loudspeaker
operation is also available on the website or by contacting
Customer Support at support@biamp.com.
Note: Every eort has been made to insure
that the information contained in this manual
was complete and accurate at the time of
printing. However, due to ongoing technical
advances, changes or modications may
have occurred that are not covered in this
manual. The latest version is available at
biamp.com.
page 10 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
SERVICE
Required Tools
#2 Phillips head screwdriver
11/32" Wrench or nut driver (crossover)
7/16" Wrenches or nut drivers (HF horn brackets)
High Frequency Driver
The high frequency driver has a field replaceable driver/voice
coil assembly. The high frequency horn/driver assembly is
retained by brackets secured to the inside of the bass horn
and eyebolts secured to the LF driver. To remove the driver,
first remove the grille. Then disconnect the Molex plug from
the side of the cylindrical phase plug housing behind the
HF horn itself. Remove the (4) Phillips head screws that
attach the eyebolts to the LF driver frame. Then detach
the entire HF driver/horn/LF phase plug assembly from
the enclosure by removing the four 1/4-20 hex head bolts
and nuts that secure the HF brackets to the R1 bass horn.
Note the orientation of the horn assembly to the enclosure
so as to re-install it correctly. Remove the 4 Phillips head
screws from around the rear horn flange and lift out the HF
driver. Detach the wiring to the driver noting the polarity of
the connections for later correct attachment (See Figure 4).
The driver may then be unbolted from the HF horn.
To reinstall, reverse this procedure, ensuring proper
orientation of the horn. Be careful to avoid damaging the
LF driver cone with the eyebolts or back of the phase plug
when putting the assembly back into the low frequency
horn. Also avoid damaging the inside of the horn with the
horn brackets.
Low Frequency Driver
This driver is accessed by first removing
the high frequency horn/driver assembly as
detailed above. The low frequency driver
can then be removed by unscrewing the
remaining (4) Phillips head bolts from the
enclosure. Detach the wiring to the driver
noting the polarity of the connections for
later correct attachment (See Figure 4). To
reinstall, reverse this procedure.
Crossover
The crossover is located inside the low frequency phase
plug attached to the rear of the high frequency horn/driver
assembly. It is accessed by first removing the high frequency
horn/driver/phase plug assembly as detailed earlier then
removing the phase plug from the back of the HF horn/
driver. Remove the crossover by unscrewing the 8-32
nut and bolt that hold it to the rear of the phase plug. For
complete removal you must detach the Molex plug from the
phase plug which is held on by hot melt glue that can be cut
away. Alternately you can either cut the wires from the plug
to the crossover or unsolder the wires from the crossover
board. To reinstall, reverse this procedure ensuring that the
crossover is oriented so that it does not contact the eyebolts
in the bottom of the phase plug. Reattach the Molex plug into
the side of the phase plug using hot melt glue or reattach
the wires if they were cut or unsoldered. If cut, be sure to
insulate any bare wire where you reconnect them.
Replacement Parts
The part number will depend upon the R1 model. Contact
support for information. support@biamp.com
12 in. LF Driver
HF Driver
HF Driver Replacement Diaphragm
Internal Crossover
Wire Harness
Grille Assembly
Note: For drawing clarity, the pin
positions on the Molex connector
are not correctly shown.
Figure 4 R1 internal Wiring
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 11
R1 AXES AND PLANES
R1-64Z-EN, R1-66Z-EN, R1-94Z-EN
3
7
2
6
4
5
1
1. Loudspeaker Enclosure
2. Loudspeaker Front
3. Reference Axis
4. Reference Plane
5. Reference Point
6. Horizontal Plane
7. Vertical Plane
page 12 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
TECHNICAL DRAWINGS
Typical R1 Coaxial Loudspeaker
Yok e
13.75"
(349 mm)
Top
1.75"
(44 mm)
0.53"
(13 mm)
Typ 9 Places
7.0 "
(178 m m)
17. 0"
(43 2 mm)
7.0 "
(178 m m)
(6 mm)
0.25"
1.18 "
(30 mm)
2.36 " (60 mm)
R1 Yoke
18.0 "
(45 7 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
1.25 "
(32 m m)
29.75"
(756 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
24.75"
(629 mm)
24.75"
(629 mm)
Front Side
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 13
DATA SHEET
COMMUNITY R SERIES
R1-64Z-EN
APPLICATIONS
Athletic Fields · Arenas · Stadiums ·
Racetracks Theme and Amusement Parks ·
Fairgrounds Convention Centers · Factories
and Warehouses Air Shows · Rodeos ·
Electronic Carillons Multipurpose Outdoor and
Indoor Venues
DESCRIPTION
The R1-64Z-EN two-way full-range
loudspeaker system is engineered
to provide quality full-range sound
projection in a variety of outdoor and
indoor applications. Its wide range,
smooth frequency response and high
eciency ensures both high fidelity music
reproduction and superb projection of
clear intelligible speech with very low
distortion.
The R1-64Z-EN is an all horn-loaded
coaxial design using precision waveguides
manufactured by Community of hand-
laminated fiberglass. The outer enclosure
forms a double wall construction with the
internal bass horn, providing a completely
weather-sealed chamber for the LF
drivers. The high frequency horn assembly
is mounted in the mouth of the bass horn.
A high quality passive crossover with
dynamic driver protection is included.
The result is a loudspeaker system that is
extremely strong, non-resonant, weather-
resistant, and easy to install.
Biamp strives to improve its products on a continual basis.
Specifications are therefore subject to change without notice.
Point Source
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 60° x 40° COVERAGE
FEATURES
• High-fidelity, high eciency, full-range reproduction of music and speech
• Application-specific coverage pattern
• 100% weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant construction
• Included weather-resistant mounting yoke
• EN54-24 Certified
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Mode Passive with DSP, Passive with low-impedance operation
Operating Environment Indoor/Outdoor
Operating Range (-10dB) 90 Hz to 16 kHz (100 Hz - 10 kHz for EN54-24 applications)
Nominal Beamwidth (H x V) 60° x 40°
Coverage (-6dB)
Horiz/Vert per EN54-24
Transducers
Rated Noise Power
Broadband Sensitivity
(1/3 octave bands)
Maximum Average Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
Maximum Peak Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
Nominal Impedance
Minimum Impedance 5.0 Ω @ 220 Hz
Crossover Frequency 1.2 kHz crossover, driver protection circuitry
Required Accessory
500Hz: 77 / 72
1 kHz: 39 / 37
LF: 1 x 12" (305 mm) weather-treated, Ferrofluid-cooled
HF: 1 x 1" exit, titanium diaphragm
100 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
100 W Cont, 24.5 V RMS
EN54-24 100 Hz–10kHz
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
@ 1 m
90 Hz electronic high pass filter, EN54-24 installations should utilize EQ curve
100.3 dB @ 6 Ω
88.3 dB @ 6 Ω
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
120.3 dB
108.3 dB
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
126.3 dB ( 6dB crest factor
specified on next page
momentary peak)
EN54-24 criteria
6 Ω
PHYSICAL
Input Connection 12 foot (4 m) SJOW #16 gauge
Controls None
Mounting Provisions (5) 1/2-13 rigging points
Operation Environment IEC529 IP55W rating with a minimum 5-degree downward aiming angle
Dimensions W x D
Weight
Grille
Accessories (included) Weather-resistant mounting yoke, light grey (RAL 7038)
NOTES: All measurements made in outdoor half-space free-field conditions.
Watts: All wattage figures are calculated using the rated nominal impedance.
24.75" x 24.75" x 29.75" (629 x 629 x 756 mm)
47.5 lbs (21.5 kg) loudspeaker only, 55.5 lbs (25.2 kg) loudspeaker and yoke
3-layer Weather-Stop™ with polyester mesh, foam, zinc-rich epoxy dual-layer
powder-coated perforated marine-grade aluminum color-matched to
enclosure
2 kHz: 40 / 37
4 kHz: 44 / 44
2 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
200 W Cont, 800 W peak
40 V RMS, 89 V momentary peak
Standard 80 Hz–16 kHz
105 dB @ 8 Ω
n/a
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
128 dB (No EQ)
n/a
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
134 dB (No EQ)
Standard
8 Ω
page 14 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
R1-64Z-EN
EQUALIZATION CURVE (dB SPL)
Frequency (Hz)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (dB SPL)
Frequency (Hz)
1 W / 4 m Sensitivity
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
Frequency (Hz)
Settings: 4223 Hz -3 dB, Q = 2.87, BW = 0.5 Oct
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
100
1000
10
10000
COMMUNITY R SERIES
Point Source
R1-64Z v 7.1 [8FEB2024]
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 60° x 40° COVERAGE
Front Side
To p
29.75"
(756 mm)
Yok e
24.75"
(629 mm)
24.75"
(629 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
1.25"
(32 mm)
17.0"
(432 mm)
18.0"
(457 mm)
0.53"
(13 mm)
0.25"
(6 mm)
2.36" (60 mm)
Typ 9 Places
1.18"
(30 mm)
1.75"
(44 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
R1 Yoke
TECHNICAL DRAWING
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 15
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
FEATURES
• High-fidelity, high eciency, full-range reproduction of music and speech
• Application-specific coverage pattern
• 100% weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant construction
• Included weather-resistant mounting yoke
• EN54-24 Certified
Biamp strives to improve its products on a continual basis.
Specifications are therefore subject to change without notice.
APPLICATIONS
Athletic Fields · Arenas · Stadiums ·
Racetracks Theme and Amusement Parks ·
Fairgrounds Convention Centers · Factories
and Warehouses Air Shows · Rodeos ·
Electronic Carillons Multipurpose Outdoor and
Indoor Venues
DESCRIPTION
The R1-66Z-EN two-way full-range
loudspeaker system is engineered
to provide quality full-range sound
projection in a variety of outdoor and
indoor applications. Its wide range,
smooth frequency response and high
eciency ensures both high fidelity music
reproduction and superb projection of
clear intelligible speech with very low
distortion.
The R1-66Z-EN is an all horn-loaded
coaxial design using precision waveguides
manufactured by Community of hand-
laminated fiberglass. The outer enclosure
forms a double wall construction with the
internal bass horn, providing a completely
weather-sealed chamber for the LF
drivers. The high frequency horn assembly
is mounted in the mouth of the bass horn.
A high quality passive crossover with
dynamic driver protection is included.
The result is a loudspeaker system that is
extremely strong, non-resonant, weather-
resistant, and easy to install.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Mode Passive with DSP, Passive with low-impedance operation
Operating Environment Indoor/Outdoor
Operating Range (-10dB) 90 Hz to 16 kHz (100 Hz - 10 kHz for EN54-24 applications)
Nominal Beamwidth (H x V) 60° x 60°
Coverage (-6dB)
Horiz/Vert per EN54-24
500Hz: 82 / 83
1 kHz: 47 / 51
2 kHz: 58 / 60
4 kHz: 53 / 58
Transducers
LF: 1 x 12" (305 mm) weather-treated, Ferrofluid-cooled
HF: 1 x 1" exit, titanium diaphragm
Rated Noise Power
100 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
100 W Cont, 24.5 V RMS
2 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
200 W Cont, 800 W peak
40 V RMS, 89 V momentary peak
Broadband Sensitivity
(1/3 octave bands)
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
EN54-24 100 Hz–10kHz
100.1 dB @ 6 Ω
88.1 dB @ 6 Ω
Standard 80 Hz–16 kHz
105 dB @ 8 Ω
n/a
Maximum Average Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
120.1 dB
108 dB
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
128 dB (No EQ)
n/a
Maximum Peak Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
@ 1 m
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
126.1 dB ( 6dB crest factor
momentary peak)
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
134 dB (No EQ)
Nominal Impedance
EN54-24 criteria
6 Ω
Standard
8 Ω
Minimum Impedance 5.3 Ω @ 240 Hz
Crossover Frequency 1.2 kHz crossover, driver protection circuitry
Required Accessory 90 Hz electronic high pass filter
PHYSICAL
Input Connection 12 foot (4 m) SJOW #16 gauge
Controls None
Mounting Provisions (5) 1/2-13 rigging points
Operation Environment IEC529 IP55W rating with a minimum 5-degree downward aiming angle
Dimensions W x D
24.75" x 24.75" x 29.75" (629 x 629 x 756 mm)
Weight
47.5 lbs (21.5 kg) loudspeaker only, 55.5 lbs (25.2 kg) loudspeaker and yoke
Grille
3-layer Weather-Stop™ with polyester mesh, foam, zinc-rich epoxy dual-layer
powder-coated perforated marine-grade aluminum color-matched to
enclosure
Accessories (included) Weather-resistant mounting yoke, light grey (RAL 7038)
R1-66Z-EN
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 60° x 60° COVERAGE
COMMUNITY R SERIES
Point Source
DATA SHEET
NOTES: All measurements made in outdoor half-space free-field conditions.
Watts: All wattage figures are calculated using the rated nominal impedance.
page 16 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
R1-66Z-EN
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (dB SPL)
Frequency (Hz)
1 W / 4 m Sensitivity
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
Frequency (Hz)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
100
1000
10
10000
COMMUNITY R SERIES
Point Source
R1-66Z v 7.1 [8FEB2024]
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 60° x 60° COVERAGE
Front Side
To p
29.75"
(756 mm)
Yok e
24.75"
(629 mm)
24.75"
(629 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
1.25"
(32 mm)
17.0"
(432 mm)
18.0"
(457 mm)
0.53"
(13 mm)
0.25"
(6 mm)
2.36" (60 mm)
Typ 9 Places
1.18"
(30 mm)
1.75"
(44 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
R1 Yoke
TECHNICAL DRAWING
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 17
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
FEATURES
• High-fidelity, high eciency, full-range reproduction of music and speech
• Application-specific coverage pattern
• 100% weather-resistant and corrosion-resistant construction
• Included weather-resistant mounting yoke
• EN54-24 Certified
Biamp strives to improve its products on a continual basis.
Specifications are therefore subject to change without notice.
APPLICATIONS
Athletic Fields · Arenas · Stadiums ·
Racetracks Theme and Amusement Parks ·
Fairgrounds Convention Centers · Factories
and Warehouses Air Shows · Rodeos ·
Electronic Carillons Multipurpose Outdoor and
Indoor Venues
DESCRIPTION
The R1-94Z-EN two-way full-range
loudspeaker system is engineered
to provide quality full-range sound
projection in a variety of outdoor and
indoor applications. Its wide range,
smooth frequency response and high
eciency ensures both high fidelity music
reproduction and superb projection of
clear intelligible speech with very low
distortion.
The R1-94Z-EN is an all horn-loaded
coaxial design using precision waveguides
manufactured by Community of hand-
laminated fiberglass. The outer enclosure
forms a double wall construction with the
internal bass horn, providing a completely
weather-sealed chamber for the LF
drivers. The high frequency horn assembly
is mounted in the mouth of the bass horn.
A high quality passive crossover with
dynamic driver protection is included.
The result is a loudspeaker system that is
extremely strong, non-resonant, weather-
resistant, and easy to install.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Operating Mode Passive with DSP, Passive with low-impedance operation
Operating Environment Indoor/Outdoor
Operating Range (-10dB) 90 Hz to 16 kHz (100 Hz - 10 kHz for EN54-24 applications)
Nominal Beamwidth (H x V) 90° x 40°
Coverage (-6dB)
Horiz/Vert per EN54-24
500Hz: 76 / 78
1 kHz: 42 / 38
2 kHz: 43 / 32
4 kHz: 73 / 31
Transducers
LF: 1 x 12" (305 mm) weather-treated, Ferrofluid-cooled
HF: 1 x 1" exit, titanium diaphragm
Rated Noise Power
100 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
100 W Cont, 24.5 V RMS
2 hr test, 6 dB crest factor
200 W Cont, 800 W peak
40 V RMS, 89 V momentary peak
Broadband Sensitivity
(1/3 octave bands)
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
EN54-24 100 Hz–10kHz
100.0 dB @ 6 Ω
87.9 dB @ 6 Ω
Standard 80 Hz–16 kHz
104 dB @ 8 Ω
n/a
Maximum Average Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
@ 1 m
@ 4 m
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
120.0 dB
107.9 dB
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
127 dB (No EQ)
n/a
Maximum Peak Output
(Broadband Sensitivity)
@ 1 m
EN54-24
100 hr rated noise power
126.0 dB ( 6dB crest factor
momentary peak)
Standard
2 hr rated noise power
133 dB (No EQ)
Nominal Impedance
EN54-24 criteria
6 Ω
Standard
8 Ω
Minimum Impedance 5.2 Ω @ 240 Hz
Crossover Frequency 1.2 kHz crossover, driver protection circuitry
Required Accessory
90 Hz electronic high pass filter, EN54-24 installations should utilize EQ curve
specified on next page
PHYSICAL
Input Connection 12 foot (4 m) SJOW #16 gauge
Controls None
Mounting Provisions (5) 1/2-13 rigging points
Operation Environment IEC529 IP55W rating with a minimum 5-degree downward aiming angle
Dimensions W x D
24.75" x 24.75" x 29.75" (629 x 629 x 756 mm)
Weight
47.5 lbs (21.5 kg) loudspeaker only, 55.5 lbs (25.2 kg) loudspeaker and yoke
Grille
3-layer Weather-Stop™ with polyester mesh, foam, zinc-rich epoxy dual-layer
powder-coated perforated marine-grade aluminum color-matched to
enclosure
Accessories (included) Weather-resistant mounting yoke, light grey (RAL 7038)
R1-94Z-EN
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 90° x 40° COVERAGE
COMMUNITY R SERIES
Point Source
DATA SHEET
NOTES: All measurements made in outdoor half-space free-field conditions.
Watts: All wattage figures are calculated using the rated nominal impedance.
page 18 Installation and Operation Guide R1-EN
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA T: +1 503.641.7287 W: www.biamp.com
R1-94Z-EN
EQUALIZATION CURVE (dB SPL)
Frequency (Hz)
FREQUENCY RESPONSE (dB SPL)
Frequency (Hz)
1 W / 4 m Sensitivity
IMPEDANCE (Ω)
Frequency (Hz)
Settings: 3352 Hz -3 dB Q = 2.87, BW = 0.5 Oct
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
100
1000
10
10000
COMMUNITY R SERIES
Point Source
R1-94Z v 7.1 [8FEB2024]
TWO-WAY HORN-LOADED TYPE B,
LOUDSPEAKER WITH 90° x 40° COVERAGE
Front Side
To p
29.75"
(756 mm)
Yok e
24.75"
(629 mm)
24.75"
(629 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
13.75"
(349 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
3.5"
(89 mm)
1.25"
(32 mm)
17.0"
(432 mm)
18.0"
(457 mm)
0.53"
(13 mm)
0.25"
(6 mm)
2.36" (60 mm)
Typ 9 Places
1.18"
(30 mm)
1.75"
(44 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
7.0"
(178 mm)
R1 Yoke
TECHNICAL DRAWING
R1-EN Installation and Operation Guide page 19
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
SYMPTOM PROBABLE CAUSE WHAT TO DO
No Sound. Equipment is turned
o.
No Sound. Bad or open
connection.
No Sound. Crossover or all
the drivers have
completely failed.
No sound or very low
volume.
Low volume level. System electronic gain
Low volume level. Signal or speaker wire
Volume level drops and
comes back.
Sound cuts in and out. Bad connection. Check all connections and cabling for shorts or loose connections.
During high output operation
the volume drops suddenly
and does not come back.
Distortion, low volume, or
no volume from any or all
drivers.
Distortion from the
loudspeaker at higher
volume levels.
Distortion from the
loudspeaker at higher
volume levels.
No volume for the bass
frequencies.
Low or no volume for the
high frequencies.
Noises from the loudspeaker
(buzzes or rattles).
Noises from the loudspeaker
(buzzes or rattles).
System control is
turned down.
is too low.
connection is shorted.
The crossover
protection circuits have
been activated.
The crossover
protection circuits have
“given up”.
Cold/open solder
joint on the crossover
or faulty wiring
connection.
Too little amplier
power.
Driver is
malfunctioning.
Low frequency
driver or crossover is
malfunctioning.
High frequency
driver or crossover is
malfunctioning.
Grille or hardware is
loose.
Driver is
malfunctioning.
Check and make sure that all equipment in the audio signal path is turned
on. The amplier should not be turned on until all equipment before it is
turned on.
Make sure the signal and input wire connections for all connectors in the
system and to all terminal screws are properly connected or soldered. Make
sure all wire and cables are intact and not severed or damaged.
This would be an unusual cause but could occur with severe abuse or an
adverse amplier failure. All other possibilities should be explored before
assuming this is the cause. If it is, replace or repair the failed components.
Check to make sure that the audio signal to the amplier is high enough to
drive it properly. Check all volume/level controls and gain switches in the
system including the amplier input attenuator.
Check to make sure that the audio signal to the amplier is high enough to
drive it properly. Check all volume/level controls and gain switches in the
system including the amplier input attenuator.
Make sure the signal and input wire connections inside all system
connectors are not shorted. Even one small wire strand shorting the +/-
terminals either before or after the amplier can cause this problem.
This usually means that the loudspeaker is being constantly overdriven and
the crossover protection circuits are reducing the power to the loudspeaker
as a protective measure, which is normal. Reduce the volume level to the
loudspeaker.
This usually means that the loudspeaker was continually overdriven for
an extended period and the protection relays have “fused” in their protect
mode. The crossover must be replaced.
Using an ohmmeter, check the continuity of the crimp connectors, all solder
joints on the crossover and the wiring to the drivers. Also visually inspect
solder joints as cold joints may only malfunction with higher current than an
ohmmeter supplies. Repair as needed.
If the power rating of the amplier being used is too low, it will clip at higher
volume levels. Reduce the volume level or use a more powerful amplier
equal to the loudspeaker’s “Program” power rating.
Using a sine wave oscillator or wide range program at moderate levels,
listen to each driver to isolate the problem. Repair or replace as needed.
Using an ohmmeter, measure the resistance of the input cable (with the
amplier disconnected). If the meter does not read ~7 ohms, the LF driver
may not be working. Repair or replace as needed.
While right in front of the loudspeaker, listen at low level for high
frequencies. If some are heard and are not distorted, it is probably a
crossover problem. If distorted or no sound is heard, the HF driver may not
be working properly. Repair or replace as needed.
Make sure the front grille screws are rmly tightened; that any external
mounting hardware is tightened or secured from vibrating (especially if
chains or wires are used in the mounting).
Using a sine wave oscillator or wide range program at moderate levels,
listen to each driver to isolate the problem. Repair or replace as needed.
CONTACT US
Email: support@biamp.com
Web: support.biamp.com
A: 9300 S.W. Gemini Drive Beaverton, OR 97008 USA W: biamp.com
Warranty: biamp.com/legal/warranty-information
Safety & Compliance: biamp.com/compliance
Part# 112102 rev 7.2 v:8FEB2024
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