Biamp EQ28X RS-232 User Manual

RS-232 Control

of the

Advantage EQ281/8, EQ282/8

and Advantage SMS200

________________________________________________________________________________________

Biamp Systems, 14130 N.W. Science Park, Portland, Oregon 97229 U.S.A. [phone]

an affiliate of Rauland-Borg Corp.

Introduction

This document contains technical information relating to computer control of the Biamp
Advantage EQ282/8 dual channel digitally controlled graphic equalizer. The command
set described in this manual also applies to the Advantage EQ281/8 (which is a single
channel version of the EQ282/8) and the Advantage SMS200 Sound Masking System
(which is an EQ281/8 with internal pink noise generator).

This information is intended for advanced users - in particular for those who wish to
develop their own computer programs to control these equalizers. It is assumed that the
reader is an experienced programmer and has some familiarity with standard programming
practices, binary and hexadecimal numbers, the ASCII character set, asynchronous serial
data communications, and RS-232 interfaces.

Hexadecimal, ASCII-Hex, and "Pseudo-Hex" Numbers

Throughout this document, hexadecimal numbers shall be represented by preceding the
number with "0x". For example: the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number 255 is
0xFF.

Individual ASCII characters, except control characters, will be enclosed in single quotes.
For example: the ASCII character 'A' has the hexadecimal value 0x41. The ASCII
"carriage return" control character shall be represented as ↵. An ASCII code chart is
included with this document for your convenience.

When an 8-bit binary data value is being transmitted over a serial data communications
link, it is a common practice to transmit the byte as two "ASCII-hex" characters - one
character represents the most significant nibble of the data value and the other character
represents the least significant nibble (a nibble is 4-bits; half of a byte). Each ASCII-hex
character is in the range of '0' thru '9' or 'A' thru 'F' (from the ASCII code chart, 0x30 thru
0x39 or 0x41 thru 0x46). For example, the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number
61 is 0x3D. To transmit this in an ASCII-hex format, first transmit the ASCII character '3'
(whose hex value is 0x33), followed by the ASCII character 'D' (whose hex value is 0x44).
This is the standard way to transmit an ASCII-hex value. In some cases, the lower case
characters 'a' thru 'f' (0x61 thru 0x66) are accepted in addition to the upper case letters 'A'
thru 'F'.

The Advantage EQ282/8 does not utilize standard ASCII-hex format. The EQ282/8
computer commands implement what I call "pseudo-hex" notation (also sometimes
referred to as a "poor man's" ASCII-hex notation). Instead of representing the
hexadecimal value using the ASCII characters '0' thru '9' and 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', and 'F',
the pseudo-hex format uses the ASCII characters '0' thru '9' and the characters ':', ';', '<',
'=', '>', and '?'. As you can see by studying the ASCII code chart, a binary nibble may be
converted to its equivalent pseudo-hex character by simply adding 0x30.

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 1

A binary/decimal/hexadecimal/pseudo-hex conversion chart is included at the end of this
manual for your convenience.

Data Communications Parameters

The Advantage EQ282/8 has a rear-panel dip-switch which allows you to set its baud rate
to either 2400, 9600, or 19200 bits per second. The factory default setting is 9600. The
EQ282/8 communicates with 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. The EQ282/8 utilizes a
subset of the standard 7-bit ASCII character set.

The Advantage EQ282/8 utilizes interrupt-driven communications firmware with a 32­character receive buffer. When the EQ282/8 receives a command, it may become “busy”
for as long as 250 milliseconds while it is executing the command. During this time, the
EQ282/8 can successfully receive up to 32 additional characters. If more than 32
characters are sent to the EQ282/8 while it is busy executing a command, its input buffer
will be overrun and some characters will be “lost”.

To avoid overrunning the Advantage EQ282/8’s input buffer, it is recommended that
some form of flow control be implemented. Neither hardware (DTR or RTS) nor
XON/XOFF (also known as DC1/DC3 or control-S/control-Q) handshaking is supported
by the EQ282/8. However, each character which the EQ282/8 receives through its serial
port will be "echoed" back to the computer. A simple form of flow control may be
implemented by simply waiting for each character's echo from the EQ282/8 before
transmitting the next character, since the EQ282/8 doesn't retrieve and echo an incoming
character until it has finished processing the previous character.

Computer Control

The Advantage EQ282/8 has an RS-232-compatible serial port which allows it to be
controlled by a computer or by a system controller such as those provided by AMX or
Crestron. The EQ282/8 offers the following two methods of computer control:

• Control Button Emulation. This method of computer control allows the computer to

emulate Biamp's standard infrared remote control transmitter or wall-mount remote
control panel. Using this method, the computer outputs ASCII characters which are
equivalent to the characters which would be generated by a Biamp remote control.
These ASCII characters are transmitted from the computer to the EQ282/8’s serial
port. In order to use Control Button Emulation with an EQ282/8, you must first use
Biamp’s Windows 95-based PC Control Software Package to establish “button”
definitions for the device. Control Button Emulation is simple to perform, however, it
only provides "one-way" control of the EQ282/8 - it allows the computer to send
simple commands to the EQ282/8, but it does not provide any mechanism for
requesting status information from the EQ282/8.

page 2 Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200

21-Jul-97

• Advanced Computer Control. This method of computer control provides advanced

commands which allow "two-way" control of the Advantage EQ282/8. Using
Advanced Computer Control commands, the computer may request status information
from the device as well as send commands to the device. The computer communicates
with the Advantage EQ282/8 using the Advantage EQ282/8’s serial port.

Control Button Emulation

Control Button Emulation is the simplest form of computer control of the Advantage
EQ282/8. This method of operation allows the computer to emulate the operation of a
standard Biamp remote control transmitter. This may seem a little strange since, unlike
most of Biamp’s other computer-controlled products, the EQ282/8 does not actually have
a remote control port. However, the EQ282/8 still implements control button emulation
for situations where the EQ282/8 is linked (via serial port) to other Biamp products which
do have remote control capability.

For each button on a standard Biamp remote control, there is a corresponding ASCII
character. In order to emulate a remote control button, the computer simply transmits the
corresponding ASCII character to the Advantage EQ282/8’s serial port. Each character
received by the EQ282/8 will be echoed back to the computer.

The following table summarizes the ASCII character codes for Control Button Emulation
corresponding to each of the 40 remote control buttons supported by the Advantage
EQ282/8. These button codes are also summarized on the ASCII code chart provided at
the end of this manual. The remote control buttons on the standard Biamp transmitter are
numbered from left to right going from bottom to top with the lower left-hand button
being button number 1. When the EQ282/8 is shipped from the factory, all remote control
button definitions are set to “nop” (no operation) - in order for Control Button Emulation
to be useful, you must first use Biamp’s PC software to create some button definitions
which actually do something (recall preset curves, for example).

Control Button Emulation ASCII Codes

button 1 'B' (0x42)
button 2 'C' (0x43)
button 3 'D' (0x44)
button 4 'E' (0x45)
button 5 'F' (0x46)
button 6 'G' (0x47)
button 7 'H' (0x48)
button 8 'I' (0x49)
button 9 'J' (0x4A)
button 10 'K' (0x4B)
button 11 'L' (0x4C)
button 12 'M' (0x4D)
button 13 'N' (0x4E)
button 14 'O' (0x4F)

button 15 'P' (0x50)
button 16 'Q' (0x51)
button 17 'R' (0x52)
button 18 'S' (0x53)
button 19 'T' (0x54)
button 20 'U' (0x55)
button 21 'V' (0x56)
button 22 'W' (0x57)
button 23 'X' (0x58)
button 24 'Y' (0x59)
button 25 'Z' (0x5A)
button 26 '[' (0x5B)
button 27 '\' (0x5C)
button 28 ']' (0x5D)

button 29 '^' (0x5E)
button 30 '_' (0x5F)
button 31 '`' (0x60)
button 32 'b' (0x62)
button 33 'c' (0x63)
button 34 'd' (0x64)
button 35 'e' (0x65)
button 36 'f' (0x66)
button 37 'g' (0x67)
button 38 'h' (0x68)
button 39 'i' (0x69)
button 40 'j' (0x6A)

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 3

Device Select Prefix Characters

When using Advanced Computer Control, up to sixty-four Advantage EQ282/8s may be
linked together and individually controlled by the computer (a rear-panel dip-switch is
used to set a unique device number to each unit). When using Control Button Emulation,
a limited subset of device addressing may be performed, which allows individual control of
up to four Advantage EQ282/8s (with device numbers 1 thru 4). This is accomplished by
transmitting a device select prefix code immediately prior to each control button ASCII
character code. The device select prefix code is inspected by each device to determine
whether or not the device should react to the button code which immediately follows. If a
button code is not immediately preceded by a device select prefix character, then all
Advantage EQ282/8s in the system will react to that button code. The following table
summarizes the ASCII characters to use for selecting various devices. This information is
also summarized in the ASCII code chart provided at the end of this manual.

Device Select Prefix Codes

select device 1 'l' (0x6C)
select device 2 'm' (0x6D)
select devices 1 & 2 'n' (0x6E)
select device 3 'o' (0x6F)
select devices 1 & 3 'p' (0x70)
select devices 2 & 3 'q' (0X71)
select devices 1 & 2 & 3 'r' (0x72)
select device 4 's' (0x73)
select devices 1 & 4 't' (0x74)
select devices 2 & 4 'u' (0x75)
select devices 1 & 2 & 4 'v' (0x76)
select devices 3 & 4 'w' (0x77)
select devices 1 & 3 & 4 'x' (0x78)
select devices 2 & 3 & 4 'y' (0x79)
select devices 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 'z' (0x7A)

page 4 Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200

21-Jul-97

Advanced Computer Control

The Advanced Computer Control command set includes commands which allow the
Advantage EQ282/8 to return information about the system to the computer, unlike
Control Button Emulation which is basically a one-way control mechanism. The following
list summarizes the commands available using Advanced Computer Control, including the
ASCII command character associated with each command:

)

recall-preset recall a preset equalization curve

*

get-status retrieve the status indicating which presets are currently selected

/

get-version retrieve the model information and firmware version date

Each Advanced Computer Control command requires at least two parameter bytes (four
pseudo-hex characters) to be sent prior to the command character. Each command will be
explained in detail on the following pages.

Some of the commands cause the Advantage EQ282/8 to return information to the
computer. For each string of information returned to the computer, the EQ282/8
terminates the string by transmitting the ASCII carriage return character (0x0D ­represented in this document as ↵ ).

As mentioned earlier, the Advantage EQ282/8 will echo all characters it receives,
regardless of whether or not the characters are valid commands or parameters. Characters
greater than 0x7F are reserved and should not be transmitted by the computer. The
EQ282/8 utilizes a subset of the standard ASCII character set. The following characters
have meaning to the Advantage EQ282/8:

character hexadecimal operation

ASCII control characters (0x00 - 0x1F) no operation

SPACE

ASCII

!

thru

0

thru

@
A
B

thru

a
b

thru

k

thru

{

thru

0x80 thru 0xFF (0x80 - 0xFF) RESERVED

character

/

?

`

j

z

DEL

(0x20) no operation

(0x21 - 0x2F) Advanced Computer Control

commands

(0x30 - 0x3F) pseudo-hex parameters for Advanced

Computer Control commands
(0x40) Control Button Emulation Repeat Code
(0x41) no operation

(0x42 - 0x60) Control Button Emulation commands

(buttons 01 - 31)
(0x61) no operation

(0x62 - 0x6A) Control Button Emulation commands

(buttons 32 - 40)

(0x6B - 0x7A) Control Button Emulation Device

Select Prefix commands

(0x7B - 0x7F) no operation

An ASCII code chart showing all Advantage EQ282/8 commands and codes is provided
at the end of this document for your convenience. Please note that all ASCII control

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 5

characters (including space, tab, carriage return, and line feed) will be echoed by the
Advantage EQ282/8 and then ignored - they have no special significance to the EQ282/8.

Device Type Bitmask and Device Number Parameters

In a system which has more than one Advantage product connected to the computer, the
Device Type Bitmask and Device Number parameters provide a mechanism for the
computer to address a command to a particular device (or a combination of devices).
Every command in the Advanced Computer Control command set requires that a Device
Type Bitmask and a Device Number be transmitted as the last two parameter bytes before
the computer transmits the command character itself. These two parameter bytes provide
a device addressing capability to specify which of the devices in the system should execute
the command. All devices which are not specifically addressed by these two command
parameters will ignore the command.

The Device Type Bitmask parameter byte for the Advantage EQ282/8 is always 0x80.
This Device Type Bitmask is also shared with other Biamp devices, including the
Advantage EQ281/8, Advantage SMS200, and Advantage DRI. It is anticipated that all
new devices developed by Biamp will utilize 0x80 as their Device Type Bitmask. Other
Device Type Bitmasks currently in use are:

0x01 Biamp Advantage DRC 4+4 digital remote control
0x02 Biamp Advantage EQ28X digitally-controlled graphic equalizer
0x04 Biamp Advantage SPM522D stereo preamp/mixer
0x08 Biamp Advantage PMX84 programmable matrix switch

The Device Number parameter byte provides support for up to sixty-four devices,
numbered 0 thru 63 (‘00’ thru ‘3?’ in pseudo-hex). The Advanced Computer Control
command structure also supports a “broadcast” command, which allows you to send a
command to all devices which match the Device Type Bitmask. To send a “broadcast”
command, specify 255 (‘??’ in pseudo-hex) as the Device Number parameter.

Each Advantage EQ282/8’s device number is assigned using rear-panel dip-switches.
Except for broadcast commands, any particular EQ282/8 will respond to an Advanced
Computer Control command only if bit 7 of the Device Type Bitmask is a ‘1’ and the
Device Number parameter matches its dip-switch settings.

page 6 Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200

21-Jul-97

) recall-preset

Description:

The recall-preset command causes the Advantage EQ282/8 to recall a preset equalization
curve for one or both channels. Each preset eq curve includes the high-pass filter corner
frequency setting, the gain settings for all 28 1/3-octave filter bands, the low-pass filter
corner frequency setting, and the signal level control setting. For the SMS200, each
preset eq curve also includes the pink-noise level control setting.

Syntax of Command:

ab80dd)

where:

a = Preset for channel 2:

0 = NOP (no operation),
1 - 8 = recall preset 1 - 8,
> = recall prior channel 2 preset

b = Preset for channel 1:

0 = NOP (no operation),
1 - 8 = recall preset 1 - 8,

> = recall prior channel 1 preset
80 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number (pseudo-hex)

) = recall-preset command character (0x29)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

578001)

This example causes Advantage EQ282/8 number 1 to recall preset eq curve 5 for channel
2 and recall preset eq curve 7 for channel 1.

Comments:

For the Avantage EQ281/8 and SMS200 (which are both single-channel devices) always
specify ‘0’ (no operation) for channel 2.

The typical execution time for the recall-preset command is 125 milliseconds when
recalling a preset for one channel and 250 milliseconds when recalling a preset for both
channels.

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 7

* get-status

Description:

The get-status command causes the Advantage EQ282/8 to return its model identifier and
the preset number of the currently selected preset for each channel.

Syntax of Command:

0080dd*

where:

00 = command specifier
80 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number (pseudo-hex)

* = get-status command character (0x2A)

Syntax of Response:

xxab↵

where:

xx = Model Identifier: ‘0:’ = EQ282/8,

‘0;’ = EQ281/8, ‘0<’ = SMS200

a = Currently selected preset for channel 2
b = Currently selected preset for channel 1

Example:

command:

008001*

response:

0:57↵

This example causes device number 1 to return its model identifier and preset status. In
this example, the device identifies itself as an Advantage EQ282/8 with preset 5 selected
for channel 2 and preset 7 selected for channel 1.

Comments:

page 8 Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200

21-Jul-97

/ get-version

Description:

The get-version command causes the device to return its model identifier code and
firmware version to the computer. The model identifier code is ‘0:’ for the Advantage
EQ282/8, ‘0;’ for the EQ281/8, and ‘0<’ for the SMS200. The firmware version number
is simply the release date of the firmware, in the format of mmddyy. These date values are
decimal digits, not pseudo-hex notation. For example, December 31, 1997 would be
represented as 123197.

Syntax of Command:

0080dd/

where:

00 = ‘00’ (command specifier)
80 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)

/ = get-version command character (0x2F)

Syntax of Response:

xxmmddyy↵

where:

xx = Model Identifier

mm = 2-digit decimal month number

dd = 2-digit decimal day of the month

yy = 2-digit decimal year number

Example:

command:

008001/

response:

0:070297↵

This example causes device number 1 to return its model I.D. and firmware version. In
this example, device number 1 is an Advantage EQ282/8 and its firmware version date is
July 2, 1997.

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 9

.

ASCII Code Chart

with Decimal & Hexadecimal Equivalents and Advantage EQ282/8 Commands

000.

001.

002.

003.

004.

005.

006.

007.

008.

009.

010.

011.

012.

013.

014.

015.

NUL

SOH

STX

ETX

EOT

ENQ

ACK

BEL

BS

HT

LF

VT

FF

CR

SO

SI

0x00

0x01

0x02

0x03

0x04

0x05

0x06

0x07

0x08

0x09

0x0A

0x0B

0x0C

0x0D

0x0E

0x0F

016.

017.

018.

019.

020.

021.

022.

023.

024.

025.

026.

027.

028.

029.

030.

031.

DLE

DC1

DC2

DC3

DC4

NAK

SYN

ETB

CAN

EM

SUB

ESC

FS

GS

RS

US

0x10

0x11

copy preset

0x12

get-gain

0x13

set-gain

0x14

set-flat

0x15

get-curve

0x16

set-curve

0x17

echo-char

0x18

button def

0x19

recall-preset

0x1A

get-status

0x1B

sleep 10 sec.

0x1C

read memory

0x1D

write memory

0x1E

set defaults

0x1F

get version

032.

0x20

(space)

033.

0x21

!

034.

0x22

"

035.

0x23

#

036.

0x24

$

037.

0x25

%

038.

0x26

&

039.

0x27

'

040.

0x28

(

041.

0x29

)

042.

0x2A

*

043.

0x2B

+

044.

0x2C

,

045.

0x2D

-

046.

0x2E

.

047.

0x2F

/

048.

0

nibble 0x0

049.

1

nibble 0x1

050.

2

nibble 0x2

051.

3

nibble 0x3

052.

4

nibble 0x4

053.

5

nibble 0x5

054.

6

nibble 0x6

055.

7

nibble 0x7

056.

8

nibble 0x8

057.

9

nibble 0x9

058.

:

nibble 0xA

059.

;

nibble 0xB

060.

<

nibble 0xC

061.

=

nibble 0xD

062.

>

nibble 0xE

063.

?

nibble 0xF

0x30

0x31

0x32

0x33

0x34

0x35

0x36

0x37

0x38

0x39

0x3A

0x3B

0x3C

0x3D

0x3E

0x3F

064.

@

repeat code

065.

A

066.

B

button 01

067.

C

button 02

068.

D

button 03

069.

E

button 04

070.

F

button 05

071.

G

button 06

072.

H

button 07

073.

I

button 08

074.

J

button 09

075.

K

button 10

076.

L

button 11

077.

M

button 12

078.

N

button 13

079.

O

button 14

0x40

0x41

0x42

0x43

0x44

0x45

0x46

0x47

0x48

0x49

0x4A

0x4B

0x4C

0x4D

0x4E

0x4F

080.

P

button 15

081.

Q

button 16

082.

R

button 17

083.

S

button 18

084.

T

button 19

085.

U

button 20

086.

V

button 21

087.

W

button 22

088.

X

button 23

089.

Y

button 24

090.

Z

button 25

091.

[

button 26

092.

\

button 27

093.

]

button 28

094.

^

button 29

095.

_

button 30

0x50

0x51

0x52

0x53

0x54

0x55

0x56

0x57

0x58

0x59

0x5A

0x5B

0x5C

0x5D

0x5E

0x5F

096.

`

button 31

097.

a

098.

b

button 32

099.

c

button 33

100.

d

button 34

101.

e

button 35

102.

f

button 36

103.

g

button 37

104.

h

button 38

105.

i

button 39

106.

j

button 40

107.

k

select none

108.

l

select 1

109.

m

select 2

110.

n

select 1,2

111.

o

select 3

0x60

0x61

0x62

0x63

0x64

0x65

0x66

0x67

0x68

0x69

0x6A

0x6B

0x6C

0x6D

0x6E

0x6F

112.

0x70

p

select 1,3

113.

0x71

q

select 2,3

114.

0x72

r

select 1,2,3

115.

0x73

s

select 4

116.

0x74

t

select 1,4

117.

0x75

u

select 2,4

118.

0x76

v

select 1,2,4

119.

0x77

w

select 3,4

120.

0x78

x

select 1,3,4

121.

0x79

y

select 2,3,4

122.

0x7A

z

select 1,2,3,4

123.

0x7B

{

124.

125.

0x7C

0x7D

}

126.

0x7E

~

127.

0x7F

DEL

page 10 Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200

21-Jul-97

HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION CHART

binary decimal hex pseudo
0000 0000 0. 0x00 00
0000 0001 1. 0x01 01
0000 0010 2. 0x02 02
0000 0011 3. 0x03 03
0000 0100 4. 0x04 04
0000 0101 5. 0x05 05
0000 0110 6. 0x06 06
0000 0111 7. 0x07 07
0000 1000 8. 0x08 08
0000 1001 9. 0x09 09
0000 1010 10. 0x0a 0:
0000 1011 11. 0x0b 0;
0000 1100 12. 0x0c 0<
0000 1101 13. 0x0d 0=
0000 1110 14. 0x0e 0>
0000 1111 15. 0x0f 0?
0001 0000 16. 0x10 10
0001 0001 17. 0x11 11
0001 0010 18. 0x12 12
0001 0011 19. 0x13 13
0001 0100 20. 0x14 14
0001 0101 21. 0x15 15
0001 0110 22. 0x16 16
0001 0111 23. 0x17 17
0001 1000 24. 0x18 18
0001 1001 25. 0x19 19
0001 1010 26. 0x1a 1:
0001 1011 27. 0x1b 1;
0001 1100 28. 0x1c 1<
0001 1101 29. 0x1d 1=
0001 1110 30. 0x1e 1>
0001 1111 31. 0x1f 1?
0010 0000 32. 0x20 20
0010 0001 33. 0x21 21
0010 0010 34. 0x22 22
0010 0011 35. 0x23 23
0010 0100 36. 0x24 24
0010 0101 37. 0x25 25
0010 0110 38. 0x26 26
0010 0111 39. 0x27 27
0010 1000 40. 0x28 28
0010 1001 41. 0x29 29
0010 1010 42. 0x2a 2:
0010 1011 43. 0x2b 2;
0010 1100 44. 0x2c 2<
0010 1101 45. 0x2d 2=
0010 1110 46. 0x2e 2>
0010 1111 47. 0x2f 2?
0011 0000 48. 0x30 30
0011 0001 49. 0x31 31
0011 0010 50. 0x32 32
0011 0011 51. 0x33 33
0011 0100 52. 0x34 34
0011 0101 53. 0x35 35
0011 0110 54. 0x36 36
0011 0111 55. 0x37 37
0011 1000 56. 0x38 38
0011 1001 57. 0x39 39
0011 1010 58. 0x3a 3:
0011 1011 59. 0x3b 3;
0011 1100 60. 0x3c 3<
0011 1101 61. 0x3d 3=
0011 1110 62. 0x3e 3>
0011 1111 63. 0x3f 3?

21-Jul-97

Computer Control of the Advantage EQ282/8, EQ281/8, SMS200 page 11

binary decimal
0100 0000 64. 0x40 40
0100 0001 65. 0x41 41
0100 0010 66. 0x42 42
0100 0011 67. 0x43 43
0100 0100 68. 0x44 44
0100 0101 69. 0x45 45
0100 0110 70. 0x46 46
0100 0111 71. 0x47 47
0100 1000 72. 0x48 48
0100 1001 73. 0x49 49
0100 1010 74. 0x4a 4:
0100 1011 75. 0x4b 4;
0100 1100 76. 0x4c 4<
0100 1101 77. 0x4d 4=
0100 1110 78. 0x4e 4>
0100 1111 79. 0x4f 4?
0101 0000 80. 0x50 50
0101 0001 81. 0x51 51
0101 0010 82. 0x52 52
0101 0011 83. 0x53 53
0101 0100 84. 0x54 54
0101 0101 85. 0x55 55
0101 0110 86. 0x56 56
0101 0111 87. 0x57 57
0101 1000 88. 0x58 58
0101 1001 89. 0x59 59
0101 1010 90. 0x5a 5:
0101 1011 91. 0x5b 5;
0101 1100 92. 0x5c 5<
0101 1101 93. 0x5d 5=
0101 1110 94. 0x5e 5>
0101 1111 95. 0x5f 5?
0110 0000 96. 0x60 60
0110 0001 97. 0x61 61
0110 0010 98. 0x62 62
0110 0011 99. 0x63 63
0110 0100 100. 0x64 64
0110 0101 101. 0x65 65
0110 0110 102. 0x66 66
0110 0111 103. 0x67 67
0110 1000 104. 0x68 68
0110 1001 105. 0x69 69
0110 1010 106. 0x6a 6:
0110 1011 107. 0x6b 6;
0110 1100 108. 0x6c 6<
0110 1101 109. 0x6d 6=
0110 1110 110. 0x6e 6>
0110 1111 111. 0x6f 6?
0111 0000 112. 0x70 70
0111 0001 113. 0x71 71
0111 0010 114. 0x72 72
0111 0011 115. 0x73 73
0111 0100 116. 0x74 74
0111 0101 117. 0x75 75
0111 0110 118. 0x76 76
0111 0111 119. 0x77 77
0111 1000 120. 0x78 78
0111 1001 121. 0x79 79
0111 1010 122. 0x7a 7:
0111 1011 123. 0x7b 7;
0111 1100 124. 0x7c 7<
0111 1101 125. 0x7d 7=
0111 1110 126. 0x7e 7>
0111 1111 127. 0x7f 7?

hex pseudo

binary decimal
1000 0000 128. 0x80 80
1000 0001 129. 0x81 81
1000 0010 130. 0x82 82
1000 0011 131. 0x83 83
1000 0100 132. 0x84 84
1000 0101 133. 0x85 85
1000 0110 134. 0x86 86
1000 0111 135. 0x87 87
1000 1000 136. 0x88 88
1000 1001 137. 0x89 89
1000 1010 138. 0x8a 8:
1000 1011 139. 0x8b 8;
1000 1100 140. 0x8c 8<
1000 1101 141. 0x8d 8=
1000 1110 142. 0x8e 8>
1000 1111 143. 0x8f 8?
1001 0000 144. 0x90 90
1001 0001 145. 0x91 91
1001 0010 146. 0x92 92
1001 0011 147. 0x93 93
1001 0100 148. 0x94 94
1001 0101 149. 0x95 95
1001 0110 150. 0x96 96
1001 0111 151. 0x97 97
1001 1000 152. 0x98 98
1001 1001 153. 0x99 99
1001 1010 154. 0x9a 9:
1001 1011 155. 0x9b 9;
1001 1100 156. 0x9c 9<
1001 1101 157. 0x9d 9=
1001 1110 158. 0x9e 9>
1001 1111 159. 0x9f 9?
1010 0000 160. 0xa0 :0
1010 0001 161. 0xa1 :1
1010 0010 162. 0xa2 :2
1010 0011 163. 0xa3 :3
1010 0100 164. 0xa4 :4
1010 0101 165. 0xa5 :5
1010 0110 166. 0xa6 :6
1010 0111 167. 0xa7 :7
1010 1000 168. 0xa8 :8
1010 1001 169. 0xa9 :9
1010 1010 170. 0xaa ::
1010 1011 171. 0xab :;
1010 1100 172. 0xac :<
1010 1101 173. 0xad :=
1010 1110 174. 0xae :>
1010 1111 175. 0xaf :?
1011 0000 176. 0xb0 ;0
1011 0001 177. 0xb1 ;1
1011 0010 178. 0xb2 ;2
1011 0011 179. 0xb3 ;3
1011 0100 180. 0xb4 ;4
1011 0101 181. 0xb5 ;5
1011 0110 182. 0xb6 ;6
1011 0111 183. 0xb7 ;7
1011 1000 184. 0xb8 ;8
1011 1001 185. 0xb9 ;9
1011 1010 186. 0xba ;:
1011 1011 187. 0xbb ;;
1011 1100 188. 0xbc ;<
1011 1101 189. 0xbd ;=
1011 1110 190. 0xbe ;>
1011 1111 191. 0xbf ;?

hex pseudo

binary decimal
1100 0000 192. 0xc0 <0
1100 0001 193. 0xc1 <1
1100 0010 194. 0xc2 <2
1100 0011 195. 0xc3 <3
1100 0100 196. 0xc4 <4
1100 0101 197. 0xc5 <5
1100 0110 198. 0xc6 <6
1100 0111 199. 0xc7 <7
1100 1000 200. 0xc8 <8
1100 1001 201. 0xc9 <9
1100 1010 202. 0xca <:
1100 1011 203. 0xcb <;
1100 1100 204. 0xcc <<
1100 1101 205. 0xcd <=
1100 1110 206. 0xce <>
1100 1111 207. 0xcf <?
1101 0000 208. 0xd0 =0
1101 0001 209. 0xd1 =1
1101 0010 210. 0xd2 =2
1101 0011 211. 0xd3 =3
1101 0100 212. 0xd4 =4
1101 0101 213. 0xd5 =5
1101 0110 214. 0xd6 =6
1101 0111 215. 0xd7 =7
1101 1000 216. 0xd8 =8
1101 1001 217. 0xd9 =9
1101 1010 218. 0xda =:
1101 1011 219. 0xdb =;
1101 1100 220. 0xdc =<
1101 1101 221. 0xdd ==
1101 1110 222. 0xde =>
1101 1111 223. 0xdf =?
1110 0000 224. 0xe0 >0
1110 0001 225. 0xe1 >1
1110 0010 226. 0xe2 >2
1110 0011 227. 0xe3 >3
1110 0100 228. 0xe4 >4
1110 0101 229. 0xe5 >5
1110 0110 230. 0xe6 >6
1110 0111 231. 0xe7 >7
1110 1000 232. 0xe8 >8
1110 1001 233. 0xe9 >9
1110 1010 234. 0xea >:
1110 1011 235. 0xeb >;
1110 1100 236. 0xec ><
1110 1101 237. 0xed >=
1110 1110 238. 0xee >>
1110 1111 239. 0xef >?
1111 0000 240. 0xf0 ?0
1111 0001 241. 0xf1 ?1
1111 0010 242. 0xf2 ?2
1111 0011 243. 0xf3 ?3
1111 0100 244. 0xf4 ?4
1111 0101 245. 0xf5 ?5
1111 0110 246. 0xf6 ?6
1111 0111 247. 0xf7 ?7
1111 1000 248. 0xf8 ?8
1111 1001 249. 0xf9 ?9
1111 1010 250. 0xfa ?:
1111 1011 251. 0xfb ?;
1111 1100 252. 0xfc ?<
1111 1101 253. 0xfd ?=
1111 1110 254. 0xfe ?>
1111 1111 255. 0xff ??

hex pseudo