Biamp DRC 4+4 RS-232 User Manual

Computer Control

of the

Advantage DRC 4+4

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_

Biamp Systems, 14130 N.W. Science Park, Portland, Oregon 97229 U.S.A. [phone]

an affiliate of Rauland-Borg Corp.

Introduction

This document contains technical information relating to computer control of the Biamp
Advantage DRC 4+4 Digital Remote Control. This information is intended for advanced
users - in particular for those who wish to develop their own computer programs to
control the DRC 4+4. It is assumed that the reader is an experienced programmer and
has some familiarity with standard programming practices, binary and hexadecimal
numbers, the ASCII character set, asynchronous serial data communications, and RS-232
interfaces.

Hexadecimal, ASCII-Hex, and "Pseudo-Hex" Numbers

Throughout this document, hexadecimal numbers shall be represented by preceding the
number with "0x". For example: the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal number 255
is 0xFF.

Individual ASCII characters, except control characters, will be enclosed in single quotes.
For example: the ASCII character 'A' has the hexadecimal value 0x41. The ASCII
"carriage return" control character shall be represented as ↵. An ASCII code chart is
included with this document for your convenience.

When an 8-bit binary data value is being transmitted over a serial data communications
link, it is a common practice to transmit the byte as two "ASCII-hex" characters - one
character represents the most significant nibble of the data value and the other character
represents the least significant nibble (a nibble is 4-bits; half of a byte). Each ASCII-hex
character is in the range of '0' thru '9' or 'A' thru 'F' (from the ASCII code chart, 0x30 thru
0x39 or 0x41 thru 0x46). For example, the hexadecimal equivalent of the decimal
number 61 is 0x3D. To transmit this in an ASCII-hex format, first transmit the ASCII
character '3' (whose hex value is 0x33), followed by the ASCII character 'D' (whose hex
value is 0x44). This is the standard way to transmit an ASCII-hex value. In some cases,
the lower case characters 'a' thru 'f' (0x61 thru 0x66) are accepted in addition to the upper
case letters 'A' thru 'F'.

The Advantage DRC 4+4 does not utilize standard ASCII-hex format.

The DRC 4+4
computer commands implement what I call "pseudo-hex" notation (also sometimes
referred to as a "poor man's" ASCII-hex notation). Instead of representing the
hexadecimal value using the ASCII characters '0' thru '9' and 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', and 'F',
the pseudo-hex format uses the ASCII characters '0' thru '9' and the characters ':', ';', '<',
'=', '>', and '?'. As you can see by studying the ASCII code chart, a binary nibble may be
converted to its equivalent pseudo-hex character by simply adding 0x30.

A binary/decimal/hexadecimal/pseudo-hex conversion chart is included at the end of this
manual for your convenience.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 1

Data Communications Parameters

The DRC 4+4 normally communicates through its standard RS-232 serial interface at a
data rate ("baud" rate) of 2400 bits per second with 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit.
These settings are not adjustable - other data transmission speeds ("baud" rates) are not
supported. The DRC 4+4 utilizes a subset of the standard 7-bit ASCII character set. The
eighth data bit (bit 7 - the most significant bit) of each character transmitted by the
computer should always be 0. The computer should not echo the characters it receives
from the DRC 4+4.

Since the DRC 4+4's standard RS-232 serial interface only has a single-character input
buffer for its incoming serial data, a form of flow control must be implemented by the
computer in order to guarantee that no characters are lost. Neither hardware (DTR or
RTS) nor XON/XOFF (also known as DC1/DC3 or control-S/control-Q) handshaking is
supported by the DRC 4+4. However, each character which the DRC 4+4 receives with
its standard RS-232 serial interface will be "echoed" back to the computer. Flow control
may be implemented by the computer software by simply waiting for each character's
echo from the DRC 4+4 before transmitting the next character, since the DRC 4+4
doesn't retrieve and echo an incoming character until it has finished processing the
previous character.

Computer Control

The Advantage DRC 4+4 has an RS-232-compatible serial interface which allows it to be
controlled by a computer or by a system controller such as those provided by AMX or
Crestron. The DRC 4+4 offers the following two methods of computer control:

• Control Button Emulation. This method of computer control allows the computer to

emulate Biamp's standard infrared remote control transmitter or wall-mount remote
control panel. Using this method, the computer outputs ASCII characters which are
equivalent to the characters which would be generated by a remote control connected
to the DRC 4+4. These ASCII characters are transmitted from the computer to the
DRC 4+4's standard RS-232 compatible serial port. Control Button Emulation is
simple to perform, however, it only provides "one-way" control of the DRC 4+4 - it
allows the computer to send simple commands to the DRC 4+4, but it does not
provide any mechanism for requesting status information from the DRC 4+4.

• Advanced Computer Control. This method of computer control provides advanced

commands which allow "two-way" control of the DRC 4+4. Using Advanced
Computer Control commands, the computer may request status information from the
device as well as send commands to the device. The computer communicates with
the DRC 4+4 using the DRC 4+4's standard RS-232 compatible serial port.

page 2 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

Control Button Emulation

Control Button Emulation is the simplest form of computer control of the Advantage
DRC 4+4. This method of operation allows the computer to emulate the operation of a
standard Biamp remote control transmitter.

For each button on a standard Biamp remote control, there is a corresponding ASCII
character. In order to emulate a remote control button, the computer simply transmits the
corresponding ASCII character to the DRC 4+4's standard RS-232 serial port. Each
character received by the DRC 4+4 will be echoed back to the computer.

The standard Biamp remote control devices never exceed a transmission rate of 9
characters per second. If the computer wishes to perform Control Button Emulation at a
rate of greater than 20 characters per second (50 msec per character), flow control should
be implemented by waiting for the echo of each character before transmitting the next
character. At slower speeds, flow control should not be necessary.

The following table summarizes the ASCII character codes for Control Button Emulation
corresponding to each of the 40 remote control buttons supported by the DRC 4+4.
These button codes are also summarized on the ASCII code chart provided at the end of
this manual. The Advantage PC Control Software Package also indicates on its button
definition screen the equivalent ASCII character for each of the 40 individual remote
control buttons. The remote control buttons on the standard Biamp transmitter are
numbered from left to right going from bottom to top with the lower left-hand button
being button number 1.

Control Button Emulation ASCII Codes (with factory default button definitions shown)

button 1 'B' (0x42) Vol Down ch.5
button 2 'C' (0x43) Vol Down ch.6
button 3 'D' (0x44) Vol Down ch.7
button 4 'E' (0x45) Vol Down ch.8
button 5 'F' (0x46) Vol Up ch.5
button 6 'G' (0x47) Vol Up ch.6
button 7 'H' (0x48) Vol Up ch.7
button 8 'I' (0x49) Vol Up ch.8
button 9 'J' (0x4A) Toggle Mute ch.5
button 10 'K' (0x4B) Toggle Mute ch.6
button 11 'L' (0x4C) Toggle Mute ch.7
button 12 'M' (0x4D) Toggle Mute ch.8
button 13 'N' (0x4E) Vol Down ch.1
button 14 'O' (0x4F) Vol Down ch.2
button 15 'P' (0x50) Vol Down ch.3
button 16 'Q' (0x51) Vol Down ch.4
button 17 'R' (0x52) Vol Up ch.1
button 18 'S' (0x53) Vol Up ch.2
button 19 'T' (0x54) Vol Up ch.3
button 20 'U' (0x55) Vol Up ch.4

* note: beginning March, 1996, the factory defaults for buttons 29 thru 40 are all NOP (no operation)

button 21 'V' (0x56) Toggle Mute ch.1
button 22 'W' (0x57) Toggle Mute ch.2
button 23 'X' (0x58) Toggle Mute ch.3
button 24 'Y' (0x59) Toggle Mute ch.4
button 25 'Z' (0x5A) Recall Preset 1
button 26 '[' (0x5B) Recall Preset 2
button 27 '\' (0x5C) Recall Preset 3
button 28 ']' (0x5D) Recall Preset 4
button 29 '^' (0x5E) Toggle Logic 1*
button 30 '_' (0x5F) Toggle Logic 2*
button 31 '`' (0x60) Toggle Logic 3*
button 32 'b' (0x62) Toggle Logic 4*
button 33 'c' (0x63) Store Preset 1*
button 34 'd' (0x64) Store Preset 2*
button 35 'e' (0x65) Store Preset 3*
button 36 'f' (0x66) Store Preset 4*
button 37 'g' (0x67) 200 msec pulse Logic 1*
button 38 'h' (0x68) 200 msec pulse Logic 2*
button 39 'i' (0x69) 200 msec pulse Logic 3*
button 40 'j' (0x6A) 200 msec pulse Logic 4*

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 3

Device Select Prefix Characters

When using Advanced Computer Control, up to eight DRC 4+4s may be linked together
and individually controlled by the computer (if each device is first assigned a unique
device number). When using Control Button Emulation, a limited subset of device
addressing may be performed, which allows individual control of up to four DRC 4+4s
(with device numbers 1 thru 4). This is accomplished by transmitting a device select
prefix code immediately prior to each control button ASCII character code. The device
select prefix code is inspected by each device to determine whether or not the device
should react to the button code which immediately follows. If a button code is not
immediately preceded by a device select prefix character, then all DRC 4+4s in the
system will react to that button code. The following table summarizes the ASCII
characters to use for selecting various devices. This information is also summarized in
the ASCII code chart provided at the end of this manual.

Device Select Prefix Codes

select device 1 'l' (0x6C)
select device 2 'm' (0x6D)
select devices 1 & 2 'n' (0x6E)
select device 3 'o' (0x6F)
select devices 1 & 3 'p' (0x70)
select devices 2 & 3 'q' (0X71)
select devices 1 & 2 & 3 'r' (0x72)
select device 4 's' (0x73)
select devices 1 & 4 't' (0x74)
select devices 2 & 4 'u' (0x75)
select devices 1 & 2 & 4 'v' (0x76)
select devices 3 & 4 'w' (0x77)
select devices 1 & 3 & 4 'x' (0x78)
select devices 2 & 3 & 4 'y' (0x79)
select devices 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 'z' (0x7A)

page 4 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

Advanced Computer Control

The Advanced Computer Control command set includes commands which allow the
DRC 4+4 to return information about the system to the computer, unlike Control Button
Emulation which is basically a one-way control mechanism. The following list
summarizes the commands available using Advanced Computer Control, including the
ASCII command character associated with each command:

! virtual-button perform the specified actions.

" get-button-definition retrieve the definition for the specified button.
# define-button redefine the specified button.
$ do-button perform button actions for specified button.
% get-preset-mix retrieve the specified preset mix settings.
& define-preset-mix redefine the specified preset mix.
' do-preset-action perform the specified preset mix action.
( do-volume-action perform the specified VCA channel volume action.
( set-volume set the volume for the specified VCA channel.
) do-logic-action perform the specified logic output action.
* activate-global-config-params activate global configuration parameters.
+ sleep-for-10-sec. sleep for 10 seconds, ignoring all commands.

, disable-control-buttons disable all button commands for 2.5 seconds or until re-enabled.

- enable-control-buttons re-enable button commands.
. set-factory-defaults set definitions for buttons 01 - 40 to their factory defaults.
/ get-version retrieve the model information and firmware version date.

Each Advanced Computer Control command requires at least two parameter bytes (four
pseudo-hex nibbles) to be sent prior to the command character. Each command will be
explained in detail on the following pages.

Some of the commands cause the DRC 4+4 to return information to the computer. For
each string of information returned to the computer, the DRC 4+4 terminates the string
by transmitting the ASCII carriage return character (0x0D - represented in this document
as ↵ ).

As mentioned earlier, the Advantage DRC 4+4 will echo all

characters it receives,
regardless of whether or not the characters are valid commands or parameters.
Characters greater than 0x7F are reserved

and should not be transmitted by the computer.
The DRC 4+4 utilizes a subset of the standard ASCII character set. The following
characters have meaning to the DRC 4+4:

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 5

character hexadecima

operation

l

ASCII control characters (0x00 - 0x1F) no operation
ASCII SPACE character

! thru /

0 thru ?

@
A
B thru `

a
b thru j

k thru z

{ thru DEL

0x80 thru 0xFF (0x80 - 0xFF) RESERVED

(0x20) no operation

(0x21 - 0x2F) Advanced Computer Control

commands

(0x30 - 0x3F) pseudo-hex parameters for Advanced

Computer Control commands
(0x40) Control Button Emulation Repeat Code
(0x41) no operation

(0x42 - 0x60) Control Button Emulation commands

(buttons 01 - 31)
(0x61) no operation

(0x62 - 0x6A) Control Button Emulation commands

(buttons 32 - 40)

(0x6B - 0x7A) Control Button Emulation Device Select

Prefix commands

(0x7B - 0x7F) no operation

An ASCII code chart showing all DRC 4+4 commands and codes is provided later in this
document for your convenience. One key point to observe is that the computer may feel
free to transmit spaces, tabs, carriage returns, line feeds, or any other control characters at
any time (even between two nibbles of a pseudo-hex parameter byte) without having any
affect on the operation of the DRC 4+4. The DRC 4+4 will simply echo them and then
ignore them.

Device Type Bitmask and Device Number Bitmask

In a system which has more than one Advantage product connected to the computer, the
Device Type Bitmask and Device Number Bitmask command parameters provide a
mechanism for the computer to individually address a particular device (or a combination
of devices). Every command in the Advanced Computer Control command set requires
that a Device Type Bitmask and a Device Number Bitmask be transmitted as the last two
parameter bytes before the computer transmits the command character itself. These two
bitmask parameters bytes provide a device addressing capability to specify which of the
devices in the system should execute the command. All devices which are not
specifically addressed by these two bitmask values will ignore the command.

The Device Type Bitmask parameter byte supports up to eight distinct device types - one
bit per device type. The eight device types are:

0x01 (bit 0) Biamp Advantage DRC 4+4 digital remote control
0x02 (bit 1) Biamp Advantage EQ28X digitally-controlled graphic equalizer
0x04 (bit 2) Biamp Advantage SPM522D stereo preamp/mixer
0x08 (bit 3) Biamp Advantage PMX84 programmable matrix switch
0x10 (bit 4) (reserved for future product)

page 6 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

0x20 (bit 5) (reserved for future product)
0x40 (bit 6) (reserved for future product)
0x80 (bit 7) (reserved for future product)

The Advantage DRC 4+4 will only respond to Advanced Computer Control commands if
bit 0 of the Device Type Bitmask parameter byte is a '1'. A command may be directed to
more than one device type in the system by setting all of the corresponding bits in the
Device Type Bitmask to '1's.

The Device Number Bitmask parameter byte supports up to eight distinct device numbers

- one bit per device number. The eight device numbers are:

0x01 (bit 0) Select Device Number 1
0x02 (bit 1) Select Device Number 2
0x04 (bit 2) Select Device Number 3
0x08 (bit 3) Select Device Number 4
0x10 (bit 4) Select Device Number 5
0x20 (bit 5) Select Device Number 6
0x40 (bit 6) Select Device Number 7
0x80 (bit 7) Select Device Number 8

A particular Advantage DRC 4+4 will only respond to Advanced Computer Control
commands if the bit in the Device Number Bitmask parameter byte corresponding to its
device number is a '1'. A command may be directed to more than one device number in
the system by setting all of the corresponding bits in the Device Number Bitmask to '1's.

The Advanced Computer Control command set supports, in theory, up to sixty-four
devices in a system - eight devices of each of the eight device types. In order for any
particular device in the system to respond to an Advanced Computer Control command,
the appropriate bit in both the Device Type and Device Number bitmask parameter bytes
must be set to '1'.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 7

Advanced Computer Control Data Structures

Preset Mix Status Data Structure

The data structure used for preset mixes consists of an array of nine bytes (which are
transmitted as 18 pseudo-hex characters). Mix[0] through mix[7] represent the volume
level and mute status of VCA channels 1 through 8. Mix[8] represents the status of the
logic outputs, and also has other special meanings for the "current" mix.

DRC 4+4 Preset Mix Data Structure

9-byte array with elements numbered mix[0] thru mix[8]

mix[8]

(transmitted first)

mix[7]

mix[6]

mix[5]

mix[4]

mix[3]

mix[2]]

mix[1]

mix[0]

(transmitted last)

(msb) (lsb)

Last Recalled

Mix

Mod

Preset

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Logic4Logic3Logic2Logic

VCA CHANNEL 8 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 7 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 6 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 5 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 4 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 3 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 2 VOLUMEMute

VCA CHANNEL 1 VOLUMEMute

01234567

Note: Bits 4 - 7 of this byte
are only significant for preset

1

mixes 0, 5, and 6.

The least-significant bit (bit 0) of mix[8] indicates the status of logic output number 1 - a
'1' in this bit means the logic output is on, and a '0' in this bit means the logic output is
off. Similarly, bits 1, 2, and 3 of mix[8] indicate the status of logic outputs 2, 3, and 4,
respectively. When the mix being specified is the "current" mix (mix 5 or 6) or the
"power-on" mix (mix 0), bits 4, 5, and 6 of this byte indicate which preset mix was the
last mix recalled and the most-significant-bit (bit 7) of this byte indicates whether or not
the current mix has been modified since the last recall of a preset mix. When working
with preset mixes 1 through 4, bits 4, 5, 6, and 7 of this byte should be ignored.

Each VCA channel of the Advantage DRC 4+4 supports 64 volume "steps". Step
number 0 (0x00) is the lowest volume setting (maximum attenuation) and step number 63
(0x3F) is the highest volume setting (unity gain; no attenuation). For mix[0] through

page 8 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

mix[7] of the Preset Mix Data Structure, the low-order six bits indicate which volume
step the VCA channel is set at. When a VCA channel is muted, the most-significant-bit
of its data byte (bit 7) is set to a '1' - the six least significant bits indicate what volume
step the VCA channel will return to once that channel is un-muted.

Button Definition Data Structure

The DRC 4+4 maintains data structures for 41 buttons (button 0 thru button 40). Each
button definition data structure consists of five bytes (which are transmitted as 10
pseudo-hex characters). These five bytes indicate all of the preset, volume, and logic
actions which are assigned to a particular button.

DRC 4+4 Button Definition Data Structure

5-byte array with elements numbered button[0] thru button[4]

button[4]

(transmitted first)

button[3]

button[2]

button[1]

button[0]

(transmitted last)

Logic Output
Action Codes

1 1 1 1
1 1 1 0
1 1 0 1
1 1 0 0
1 0 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1
0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1
0 0 1 0
0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0

(msb) (lsb)

LOGIC 4 LOGIC 3

LOGIC 2 LOGIC 1

VCA 8 VCA 7 VCA 6 VCA 5

VCA 4 VCA 3 VCA 2 VCA 1

ACTION

CODE

(reserved)
(reserved)
(reserved)
single pulse 2 1/2 seconds
single pulse 1 second
single pulse 1/2 second
single pulse 1/4 second
single pulse 1/5 second
single pulse 1/10 second
single pulse 1/20 second
repeating pulse 1/20 second
pushbutton/momentary on
toggle/filp-flop
turn on
turn off
NOP (no operation)

000

PRESET

NUMBER

Volume
Action Codes

1 1
1 0
0 1
0 0

Preset
Action Codes

1 1
1 0
0 1
0 0

01234567

LOGIC
OUTPUT
ACTIONS

VOLUME
ACTIONS

PRESET
ACTION

toggle mute
volume up
volume down
NOP (no operation)

(reserved)
store preset
recall preset
NOP (no operation)

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 9

Advanced Computer Control Command Notation

For the following descriptions of the Advanced Computer Control command set, the
following conventions will be used. Each ASCII character which represents a pseudo­hex nibble will be shown in italics, with the following letters representing certain types
of parameters:

b one of the pseudo-hex nibbles occurring in the button definition data structure.
d one of the pseudo-hex nibbles in the device number bitmask

device numbers should accept the following command.

l a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a logic action code
m one of the pseudo-hex nibbles occurring in the preset mix data structure
n a pseudo hex nibble specifying a button, logic output, VCA channel, or preset mix

number

p a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a preset action code
v a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a volume action code
x a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a generic data value

.

.

.

.

.

which indicates which

.

page 10 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

! virtual-button

Description:

The virtual-button command causes the specified preset, volume, and logic output actions
to be immediately performed. The actions are defined using the Button Definition Data
Structure. The button definition is not stored in the DRC 4+4's nonvolatile memory, nor
is the button definition associated with a button number. Normally, when the DRC 4+4
receives a control button command, it looks-up the control button definition for that
button number in its control button definition table and then performs the actions defined
for that button. The virtual-button command allows the computer to specify the actions
to be performed without having the DRC 4+4 look-up an entry in its control button
definition table. This command essentially provides the DRC 4+4 (when under computer
control) with an unlimited number of button definitions.

Syntax of Command:

bbbbbbbbbb01dd!

where:

bbbbbbbbbb = Button Definition Data Structure (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
! = virtual-button command character (0x21)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

:002?000130105!

This example causes DRC 4+4 numbers 1 and 3 to both immediately recall preset mix
number 3, toggle the mute status for VCA channels 7 and 8, turn on logic output number
1, and activate a 1/2 second pulse on logic output number 4.

Comments:

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 11

" get-button-definition

Description:

The get-button-definition command causes the DRC 4+4 to return the definition of the
specified button. The button definition will be returned in the Button Definition Data
Structure format.

Syntax of Command:

nn01dd"

where:

nn = Button Number (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
" = get-button-definition command character (0x22)

Syntax of Response:

bbbbbbbbbb↵

where:

bbbbbbbbbb = Button Definition Data Structure (pseudo-hex)

Example:

command:

1;0101"

response:

:002?00013↵

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to retrieve its button definition for control
button number 27 (0x1B) and return it to the computer. In this example, the button
definition was: recall mix number 3, toggle the mute status for VCA channels 7 and 8,
turn on logic output number 1, and activate a 1/2 second pulse on logic output number 4.

Comments:

Button number must be 00 to 40 (0x00 to 0x28), otherwise the command will be ignored.

page 12 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

# define-button

Description:

The define-button command provides a new definition for the specified button number.
The DRC 4+4 will store this new button definition in its control button definition lookup
table, replacing the definition that was there.

Syntax of Command:

bbbbbbbbbbnn01dd#

where:

bbbbbbbbbb = Button Definition Data Structure (pseudo-hex)
nn = Button Number (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
# = define-button command character (0x23)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

0502?00013140108#

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 4 to redefine button number 20 (0x14) to recall
preset mix number 3, toggle the mute status for VCA channels 7 and 8, turn on logic
output number 1, and activate a 1/20 second pulse on logic output number 3.

Comments:

Button number must be 00 to 40 (0x00 to 0x28), otherwise the command will be ignored.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 13

$ do-button

Description:

The do-button command causes the DRC 4+4 to look-up and perform the actions for the
specified button number.

Syntax of Command:

nn01dd$

where:

nn = Button Number (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
$ = do-button command character (0x24)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

28010?$

This example causes DRC 4+4 numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 to look-up and perform the actions
defined in their respective control button definition tables for button number 40 (0x28).

Comments:

Button number must be 01 to 40 (0x01 to 0x28), otherwise the command will be ignored.

page 14 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

% get-preset-mix-settings

Description:

The get-preset-mix-settings command causes the DRC 4+4 to return the settings of the
specified preset mix. The preset mix settings will be returned in the Preset Mix Data
Structure format. Mix 00 is the power-up mix (which is the periodically-stored current
mix). Mix 05 is the current mix.

Syntax of Command:

nn01dd%

where:

nn = Preset Mix Number (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
% = get-preset-mix-settings command character (0x25)

Syntax of Response:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm↵

where:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm = Preset Mix Data Structure (pseudo-hex)

Example:

command:

020101%

response:

003?3?000000000000↵

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to retrieve its settings for preset mix number 2.
In this example, preset mix number 2 was defined with all logic outputs off, VCA
channels 7 and 8 at maximum volume, and VCA channels 1 through 6 at minimum
volume.

Comments:

The preset mix number must be in the range of 00 through 05.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 15

& define-preset-mix

Description:

The define-preset-mix command provides a new definition for the specified preset mix.
Preset mix 00 is the power-up mix (which is the periodically-stored current mix). Preset
mix numbers 05 and 06 both refer to the current mix. If either preset mix 05 or 06 is
specified, the mix definition immediately becomes active. If preset mix 05 is specified,
the DRC 4+4 will save the current mix as the power-up mix after 5 seconds of inactivity.
If preset mix 06 is specified, this command will not trigger the saving of the current mix
as the power-up mix. In order to extend the life of the DRC 4+4's nonvolatile memory, if
this command is used frequently to set the current mix, it is recommended that mix 06 be
specified, not mix 05.

Syntax of Command:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmnn01dd&

where:

mmmmmmmmmmmmmm = Preset Mix Data Structure (pseudo-hex)
nn = Preset Mix Number (pseudo-hex)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
& = define-preset-mix command character (0x26)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

00003?003?003?003?040101&

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to redefine its preset mix number 4 to have all
logic outputs off, VCA channels 1, 3, 5, and 7 at maximum volume and VCA channels 2,
4, 6, and 8 at minimum volume.

Comments:

Behavior of the logic outputs will be dependent upon the global configuration parameters
Logic-Follow-Mute and Logic-To-Presets (refer to DRC 4+4 Operator's Guide).

page 16 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

' do-preset-action

Description:

The do-preset-action command causes the DRC 4+4 to perform the specified preset
action (recall a preset mix or store the current mix to a preset).

Syntax of Command:

pn01dd'

where:

p = Preset Action:
0 = NOP (no operation), 1 = recall, 2 = store.
n = Preset Number (1 through 4)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
' = do-preset-action command character (0x27)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

13010='

This example causes DRC 4+4 numbers 1, 3, and 4 to recall preset mix number 3.

Comments:

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 17

( do-volume-action

Description:

The do-volume-action command causes the DRC 4+4 to perform the specified volume
action (volume up, volume down, or toggle mute) for the specified VCA channel.

Syntax of Command:

vn01dd(

where:

v = Volume Action:
0 = NOP, 1 = vol down, 2 = vol up, 3 = toggle mute,
4 = reserved (set-volume), 5 = un-mute, 6 = mute.
n = VCA Channel Number (1 through 8)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
( = do-volume-action command character (0x28)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

270101(

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to increase the volume of VCA channel 7 by
one step.

Comments:

Performing a volume up action on a muted VCA channel causes that channel to un-mute.
Performing a volume down action on a muted VCA channel decreases the volume setting
which the VCA channel will return to when it is un-muted by one step. Commands to
increase the volume when it has already reached maximum (or to decrease the volume
when it has already reached minimum) will be ignored. The un-mute and mute volume
actions (action codes 5 and 6) are not implemented in firmware versions prior to 10:23:96
(October 23, 1996).

page 18 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

( set-volume

Description:

The set-volume command causes the DRC 4+4 to set the specified VCA channel to a new
volume level. The volume level is a 6-bit value which ranges from 0x00 (step 0 ­minimum volume) to 0x3F (step 63 - maximum volume). Bit 7 of the volume byte
indicates whether or not that particular VCA should be muted. When bit 7 indicates that
the fader should be muted (bit 7 = '1'), the 6 least significant bits (bits 0 - 5) indicate the
volume level which will be restored by the DRC 4+4 if that VCA subsequently becomes
un-muted.

Syntax of Command:

xx4n01dd(

where:

xx = Volume level (pseudo-hex)
4 = set-volume action code
n = VCA Channel Number (1 through 8)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
( = set-volume command character (0x28)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

2?470101(

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to set VCA channel 7 to approximately 75% of
full volume (volume step 47, 2? in pseudo-hex).

Comments:

This command is not implemented in firmware versions prior to 08:23:95 (August 23,

1995). This is a variation of the do-volume-action command, and hence has the same
command character as the do-volume-action command.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 19

) do-logic-action

Description:

The do-logic-action command causes the DRC 4+4 to perform the specified logic action
for the specified logic output.

Syntax of Command:

ln01dd)

where:

l = Logic Action:
0 = NOP, 1 = turn off, 2 = turn on, 3 = toggle,
4 = reserved, 5 = reserved, 6 = 1/20 second pulse,
7 = 1/10 second pulse, 8 = 1/5 second pulse,
9 = 1/4 second pulse, : = 1/2 second pulse,
; = 1 second pulse, < = 2.5 second pulse.
n = Logic Output Number (1 through 4)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
) = do-logic-action command character (0x29)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

;30101)

This example causes DRC 4+4 to initiate a 1-second pulse on logic output number 3. In
other words, the DRC 4+4 will immediately turn on logic output 3 (if it is not already on)
and then, 1 second later, it will turn off logic output 3.

Comments:

page 20 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

* activate-global-config-params

Description:

The activate-global-config-params command causes the DRC 4+4 to retrieve its global
configuration parameters from the non-volatile EEPROM memory and "activate" them.
The global configuration parameters are stored in non-volatile memory in the form of a
button definition (button number 00). In order to make a change to one or more global
configuration parameters, the computer must first issue the define-button command with
a new definition for button number 00, which stores the new button definition in the non­volatile memory. The computer must then issue the activate-global-config-params
command to tell the DRC 4+4 to activate the newly defined global configuration
parameters.

Syntax of Command:

01dd*

where:

01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
* = activate-global-config-params command char (0x2A)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

0101*

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to retrieve its global configuration parameters
from button number 00's definition and activate them.

Comments:

This command was implemented beginning with firmware version 01:27:94 (January 27,

1994). A DRC 4+4 with firmware prior to 01:27:94 will ignore this command and will
only retrieve and activiate its configuration parameters during its power-up initialization
procedure.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 21

+ sleep-for-10-seconds

Description:

The sleep-for-10-seconds command causes the DRC 4+4 to "go to sleep" for 10 seconds,
ignoring all data communications, including Control Button commands as well as
Advanced Computer Control commands. During this time, characters received will be
ignored and will not be echoed. Also, during this time, all remote control devices will be
ignored. This command was implemented to facilitate remote computer control of the
DRC 4+4 via modem (with an auto-answer modem at the DRC 4+4). When an on-line
session with a modem is finished and one modem or the other decides to disconnect or
"hang up the phone", typically a spurt of unwanted spurious garbage characters occurs on
the line. The DRC 4+4 has no way of distinguishing between "garbage" characters and
real characters. The last thing the computer should do before telling its modem to hang
up is to issue the sleep-for-10-seconds command. This will allow plenty of time for the
line to disconnect and the DRC 4+4 will ignore all characters which it might receive
during this hang-up process.

Syntax of Command:

01dd+

where:

01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
+ = sleep-for-10-seconds command character (0x2B)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

????+

This example causes all Advantage devices in the system to sleep for 10 seconds,
ignoring all data communications.

Comments:

Note that the command character '+' is typically also the character used to return a Hayes­compatible modem to its command mode.

page 22 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

, disable-control-buttons

Description:

The disable-control-buttons command causes the DRC 4+4 to ignore all Control Button
commands for 2.5 seconds or until the next enable-control-buttons command is received,
whichever occurs first. During the time that Control Button commands are disabled, the
characters in the range of @ through z (0x40 - 0x7A) will be echoed, if received, but
otherwise will be ignored. This disables all remote control devices (infrared transmitters
and wall-mount remote control panels) as well as disabling the computer's Control Button
Emulation mode of operation (however, the computer could still initiate Control Button
actions during this time by issuing the virtual-button or do-button Advanced Computer
Control commands). This command was implemented to provide the computer with a
window of time in which it could perform commands without interference from remote
controls. This may be essential when performing read-modify-write type operations on
some of the DRC 4+4's data structures (for example, the current mix settings). A time
limit of 2.5 seconds was provided to prevent a spurious or unwanted disable-control­buttons command from "locking-up" the DRC 4+4 indefinitely.

Syntax of Command:

01dd,

where:

01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
, = disable-control-buttons command character (0x2C)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

0101,

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to ignore Control Button Commands for 2.5
seconds or until an enable-control-buttons command is received, whichever occurs first.

Comments:

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 23

- enable-control-buttons

Description:

The enable-control-buttons command causes the DRC 4+4 to stop ignoring all Control
Button Commands. This command is used in conjunction with the disable-control­buttons command.

Syntax of Command:

01dd-

where:

01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)

- = enable-control-buttons command character (0x2D)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

0101-

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to stop ignoring Control Button Commands.

Comments:

Refer to the description of the disable-control-buttons command for more details.

page 24 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

. set-factory-defaults

Description:

The set-factory-defaults command causes the DRC 4+4 to restore its button definitions
for buttons number 01 through 40 to their factory default definitions. Once initiated, this
command takes several seconds to execute. This command only restores the control
button definitions. It does not

restore the button definition for the pseudo-button number
00, which holds certain global setup parameters (such as the device number and global
logic modes, among other things). If the computer wishes to restore the button 00
definition to its factory default, the computer may issue the define-button command (with
the appropriate parameters). This command does not restore the preset mixes to their
factory default conditions (all channels un-muted, minimum volume, logic outputs off).
The first two parameters for this command (< and >) are dummy parameters which were
implemented to help prevent an accidental restoration of the factory defaults due to an
error in data transmission.

Syntax of Command:

<>01dd.

where:

< = the ASCII character < (0x3C)
> = the ASCII character > (0x3E)
01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
. = set-factory-defaults command character (0x2E)

Syntax of Response:

(no response)

Example:

<>010?.

This example causes DRC 4+4 numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4 to restore their Control Button
definitions to the factory default settings.

Comments:

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 25

/ get-version

Description:

The get-version command causes the DRC 4+4 to return its model identifier code and
firmware version to the computer. The firmware version number is simply the release
date of the firmware, in a slightly modified standard American format of mm:dd:yy.
These values are decimal digits, not pseudo-hex notation. For example, December 31,
1993 would be represented as 12:31:93. The colon character (:) is used as a separator
instead of the more conventional slash character, since the slash character is used as a
computer command character by the DRC 4+4.

Syntax of Command:

01dd/

where:

01 = Device Type Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
dd = Device Number Bitmask (pseudo-hex)
/ = get-version command character (0x2F)

Syntax of Response:

01 mm:dd:yy↵

where:

01 = model I.D. (0x30 followed by 0x31)
= ASCII space character (0x20)
mm = 2-digit decimal month number
: = ASCII character : (0x3A)
dd = 2-digit decimal day of the month
: = ASCII character : (0x3A)
yy = 2-digit decimal year number

Example:

command:

0101/

response:

01 08:24:95↵

This example causes DRC 4+4 number 1 to return its model I.D. and firmware version.

page 26 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

Advanced Computer Command Summary

bbbbbbbbbb01dd! virtual-button

nn01dd" get-button-definition

bbbbbbbbbbnn01dd# define-button

nn01dd$ do-button

nn01dd% get-preset-mix-settings

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmnn01dd& define-preset-mix

pn01dd' do-preset-action

vn01dd( do-volume-action

xx4n01dd( set-volume

ln01dd) do-logic-action

01dd* activate-global-config-params

01dd+ sleep-for-10-seconds

01dd, disable-control-buttons

01dd- enable-control-buttons

<>01dd. set-factory-defaults

01dd/ get-version

b one of the pseudo-hex nibbles occurring in the button definition
d one of the pseudo-hex nibbles in the device number bitmask

device numbers should accept the following command.

l a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a logic action code
m one of the pseudo-hex nibbles occurring in the preset mix data structure
n a pseudo hex nibble specifying a button, logic output, VCA channel, or preset mix

number.

p a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a preset action code
v a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a volume action code
x a pseudo-hex nibble specifying a generic data value

.

.

.

.

data structure.

which indicates which

.

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 27

.

ASCII Code Chart

with Decimal & Hexadecimal Equivalents and Advantage DRC 4+4 Commands

000.

001.

002.

003.

004.

005.

006.

007.

008.

009.

010.

011.

012.

013.

014.

015.

NUL

SOH

STX

ETX

EOT

ENQ

ACK

BEL

BS

HT

LF

VT

FF

CR

SO

SI

0x00

0x01

0x02

0x03

0x04

0x05

0x06

0x07

0x08

0x09

0x0A

0x0B

0x0C

0x0D

0x0E

0x0F

016.

017.

018.

019.

020.

021.

022.

023.

024.

025.

026.

027.

028.

029.

030.

031.

DLE

DC1

DC2

DC3

DC4

NAK

SYN

ETB

CAN

EM

SUB

ESC

FS

GS

RS

US

0x10

032.

(space)

0x11

033.

virtual button

0x12

034.

get button

0x13

035.

define button

0x14

036.

do button

0x15

037.

get preset

0x16

038.

define preset

0x17

039.

do preset

0x18

040.

do volume

0x19

041.

do logic

0x1A

042.

(reserved)

0x1B

043.

sleep 10 sec.

0x1C

044.

disable buttons

0x1D

045.

enable buttons

0x1E

046.

set defaults

0x1F

047.

get version

!

"

#

$

%

&

'

(

)

*

+

,

-

.

/

0x20

0x21

0x22

0x23

0x24

0x25

0x26

0x27

0x28

0x29

0x2A

0x2B

0x2C

0x2D

0x2E

0x2F

048.

0

nibble 0x0

049.

1

nibble 0x1

050.

2

nibble 0x2

051.

3

nibble 0x3

052.

4

nibble 0x4

053.

5

nibble 0x5

054.

6

nibble 0x6

055.

7

nibble 0x7

056.

8

nibble 0x8

057.

9

nibble 0x9

058.

:

nibble 0xA

059.

;

nibble 0xB

060.

<

nibble 0xC

061.

=

nibble 0xD

062.

>

nibble 0xE

063.

?

nibble 0xF

0x30

0x31

0x32

0x33

0x34

0x35

0x36

0x37

0x38

0x39

0x3A

0x3B

0x3C

0x3D

0x3E

0x3F

064.

@

repeat code

065.

A

066.

B

button 01

067.

C

button 02

068.

D

button 03

069.

E

button 04

070.

F

button 05

071.

G

button 06

072.

H

button 07

073.

I

button 08

074.

J

button 09

075.

K

button 10

076.

L

button 11

077.

M

button 12

078.

N

button 13

079.

O

button 14

0x40

0x41

0x42

0x43

0x44

0x45

0x46

0x47

0x48

0x49

0x4A

0x4B

0x4C

0x4D

0x4E

0x4F

080.

button 15

081.

button 16

082.

button 17

083.

button 18

084.

button 19

085.

button 20

086.

button 21

087.

button 22

088.

button 23

089.

button 24

090.

button 25

091.

button 26

092.

button 27

093.

button 28

094.

button 29

095.

button 30

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

[

\

]

^

_

0x50

0x51

0x52

0x53

0x54

0x55

0x56

0x57

0x58

0x59

0x5A

0x5B

0x5C

0x5D

0x5E

0x5F

096.

`

button 31

097.

a

098.

b

button 32

099.

c

button 33

100.

d

button 34

101.

e

button 35

102.

f

button 36

103.

g

button 37

104.

h

button 38

105.

i

button 39

106.

j

button 40

107.

k

select none

108.

l

select 1

109.

m

select 2

110.

n

select 1,2

111.

o

select 3

0x60

0x61

0x62

0x63

0x64

0x65

0x66

0x67

0x68

0x69

0x6A

0x6B

0x6C

0x6D

0x6E

0x6F

112.

0x70

p

select 1,3

113.

q

select 2,3

114.

0x72

r

select 1,2,3

115.

0x73

s

select 4

116.

0x74

t

select 1,4

117.

0x75

u

select 2,4

118.

0x76

v

select 1,2,4

119.

0x77

w

select 3,4

120.

0x78

x

select 1,3,4

121.

0x79

y

select 2,3,4

122.

0x7A

z

select 1,2,3,4

123.

0x7B

{

124.

125.

0x7C

0x7D

}

126.

0x7E

~

127.

0x7F

DEL

0x71

page 28 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 2-Nov-06

HEXADECIMAL CONVERSION CHART

binary decimal hex pseudo
0000 0000 0. 0x00 00
0000 0001 1. 0x01 01
0000 0010 2. 0x02 02
0000 0011 3. 0x03 03
0000 0100 4. 0x04 04
0000 0101 5. 0x05 05
0000 0110 6. 0x06 06
0000 0111 7. 0x07 07
0000 1000 8. 0x08 08
0000 1001 9. 0x09 09
0000 1010 10. 0x0a 0:
0000 1011 11. 0x0b 0;
0000 1100 12. 0x0c 0<
0000 1101 13. 0x0d 0=
0000 1110 14. 0x0e 0>
0000 1111 15. 0x0f 0?
0001 0000 16. 0x10 10
0001 0001 17. 0x11 11
0001 0010 18. 0x12 12
0001 0011 19. 0x13 13
0001 0100 20. 0x14 14
0001 0101 21. 0x15 15
0001 0110 22. 0x16 16
0001 0111 23. 0x17 17
0001 1000 24. 0x18 18
0001 1001 25. 0x19 19
0001 1010 26. 0x1a 1:
0001 1011 27. 0x1b 1;
0001 1100 28. 0x1c 1<
0001 1101 29. 0x1d 1=
0001 1110 30. 0x1e 1>
0001 1111 31. 0x1f 1?
0010 0000 32. 0x20 20
0010 0001 33. 0x21 21
0010 0010 34. 0x22 22
0010 0011 35. 0x23 23
0010 0100 36. 0x24 24
0010 0101 37. 0x25 25
0010 0110 38. 0x26 26
0010 0111 39. 0x27 27
0010 1000 40. 0x28 28
0010 1001 41. 0x29 29
0010 1010 42. 0x2a 2:
0010 1011 43. 0x2b 2;
0010 1100 44. 0x2c 2<
0010 1101 45. 0x2d 2=
0010 1110 46. 0x2e 2>
0010 1111 47. 0x2f 2?
0011 0000 48. 0x30 30
0011 0001 49. 0x31 31
0011 0010 50. 0x32 32
0011 0011 51. 0x33 33
0011 0100 52. 0x34 34
0011 0101 53. 0x35 35
0011 0110 54. 0x36 36
0011 0111 55. 0x37 37
0011 1000 56. 0x38 38
0011 1001 57. 0x39 39
0011 1010 58. 0x3a 3:
0011 1011 59. 0x3b 3;
0011 1100 60. 0x3c 3<
0011 1101 61. 0x3d 3=
0011 1110 62. 0x3e 3>
0011 1111 63. 0x3f 3?

binary
0100 0000 64. 0x40 40
0100 0001 65. 0x41 41
0100 0010 66. 0x42 42
0100 0011 67. 0x43 43
0100 0100 68. 0x44 44
0100 0101 69. 0x45 45
0100 0110 70. 0x46 46
0100 0111 71. 0x47 47
0100 1000 72. 0x48 48
0100 1001 73. 0x49 49
0100 1010 74. 0x4a 4:
0100 1011 75. 0x4b 4;
0100 1100 76. 0x4c 4<
0100 1101 77. 0x4d 4=
0100 1110 78. 0x4e 4>
0100 1111 79. 0x4f 4?
0101 0000 80. 0x50 50
0101 0001 81. 0x51 51
0101 0010 82. 0x52 52
0101 0011 83. 0x53 53
0101 0100 84. 0x54 54
0101 0101 85. 0x55 55
0101 0110 86. 0x56 56
0101 0111 87. 0x57 57
0101 1000 88. 0x58 58
0101 1001 89. 0x59 59
0101 1010 90. 0x5a 5:
0101 1011 91. 0x5b 5;
0101 1100 92. 0x5c 5<
0101 1101 93. 0x5d 5=
0101 1110 94. 0x5e 5>
0101 1111 95. 0x5f 5?
0110 0000 96. 0x60 60
0110 0001 97. 0x61 61
0110 0010 98. 0x62 62
0110 0011 99. 0x63 63
0110 0100 100. 0x64 64
0110 0101 101. 0x65 65
0110 0110 102. 0x66 66
0110 0111 103. 0x67 67
0110 1000 104. 0x68 68
0110 1001 105. 0x69 69
0110 1010 106. 0x6a 6:
0110 1011 107. 0x6b 6;
0110 1100 108. 0x6c 6<
0110 1101 109. 0x6d 6=
0110 1110 110. 0x6e 6>
0110 1111 111. 0x6f 6?
0111 0000 112. 0x70 70
0111 0001 113. 0x71 71
0111 0010 114. 0x72 72
0111 0011 115. 0x73 73
0111 0100 116. 0x74 74
0111 0101 117. 0x75 75
0111 0110 118. 0x76 76
0111 0111 119. 0x77 77
0111 1000 120. 0x78 78
0111 1001 121. 0x79 79
0111 1010 122. 0x7a 7:
0111 1011 123. 0x7b 7;
0111 1100 124. 0x7c 7<
0111 1101 125. 0x7d 7=
0111 1110 126. 0x7e 7>
0111 1111 127. 0x7f 7?

decimal hex pseudo

binary
1000 0000 128. 0x80 80
1000 0001 129. 0x81 81
1000 0010 130. 0x82 82
1000 0011 131. 0x83 83
1000 0100 132. 0x84 84
1000 0101 133. 0x85 85
1000 0110 134. 0x86 86
1000 0111 135. 0x87 87
1000 1000 136. 0x88 88
1000 1001 137. 0x89 89
1000 1010 138. 0x8a 8:
1000 1011 139. 0x8b 8;
1000 1100 140. 0x8c 8<
1000 1101 141. 0x8d 8=
1000 1110 142. 0x8e 8>
1000 1111 143. 0x8f 8?
1001 0000 144. 0x90 90
1001 0001 145. 0x91 91
1001 0010 146. 0x92 92
1001 0011 147. 0x93 93
1001 0100 148. 0x94 94
1001 0101 149. 0x95 95
1001 0110 150. 0x96 96
1001 0111 151. 0x97 97
1001 1000 152. 0x98 98
1001 1001 153. 0x99 99
1001 1010 154. 0x9a 9:
1001 1011 155. 0x9b 9;
1001 1100 156. 0x9c 9<
1001 1101 157. 0x9d 9=
1001 1110 158. 0x9e 9>
1001 1111 159. 0x9f 9?
1010 0000 160. 0xa0 :0
1010 0001 161. 0xa1 :1
1010 0010 162. 0xa2 :2
1010 0011 163. 0xa3 :3
1010 0100 164. 0xa4 :4
1010 0101 165. 0xa5 :5
1010 0110 166. 0xa6 :6
1010 0111 167. 0xa7 :7
1010 1000 168. 0xa8 :8
1010 1001 169. 0xa9 :9
1010 1010 170. 0xaa ::
1010 1011 171. 0xab :;
1010 1100 172. 0xac :<
1010 1101 173. 0xad :=
1010 1110 174. 0xae :>
1010 1111 175. 0xaf :?
1011 0000 176. 0xb0 ;0
1011 0001 177. 0xb1 ;1
1011 0010 178. 0xb2 ;2
1011 0011 179. 0xb3 ;3
1011 0100 180. 0xb4 ;4
1011 0101 181. 0xb5 ;5
1011 0110 182. 0xb6 ;6
1011 0111 183. 0xb7 ;7
1011 1000 184. 0xb8 ;8
1011 1001 185. 0xb9 ;9
1011 1010 186. 0xba ;:
1011 1011 187. 0xbb ;;
1011 1100 188. 0xbc ;<
1011 1101 189. 0xbd ;=
1011 1110 190. 0xbe ;>
1011 1111 191. 0xbf ;?

decimal hex pseudo

binary
1100 0000 192. 0xc0 <0
1100 0001 193. 0xc1 <1
1100 0010 194. 0xc2 <2
1100 0011 195. 0xc3 <3
1100 0100 196. 0xc4 <4
1100 0101 197. 0xc5 <5
1100 0110 198. 0xc6 <6
1100 0111 199. 0xc7 <7
1100 1000 200. 0xc8 <8
1100 1001 201. 0xc9 <9
1100 1010 202. 0xca <:
1100 1011 203. 0xcb <;
1100 1100 204. 0xcc <<
1100 1101 205. 0xcd <=
1100 1110 206. 0xce <>
1100 1111 207. 0xcf <?
1101 0000 208. 0xd0 =0
1101 0001 209. 0xd1 =1
1101 0010 210. 0xd2 =2
1101 0011 211. 0xd3 =3
1101 0100 212. 0xd4 =4
1101 0101 213. 0xd5 =5
1101 0110 214. 0xd6 =6
1101 0111 215. 0xd7 =7
1101 1000 216. 0xd8 =8
1101 1001 217. 0xd9 =9
1101 1010 218. 0xda =:
1101 1011 219. 0xdb =;
1101 1100 220. 0xdc =<
1101 1101 221. 0xdd ==
1101 1110 222. 0xde =>
1101 1111 223. 0xdf =?
1110 0000 224. 0xe0 >0
1110 0001 225. 0xe1 >1
1110 0010 226. 0xe2 >2
1110 0011 227. 0xe3 >3
1110 0100 228. 0xe4 >4
1110 0101 229. 0xe5 >5
1110 0110 230. 0xe6 >6
1110 0111 231. 0xe7 >7
1110 1000 232. 0xe8 >8
1110 1001 233. 0xe9 >9
1110 1010 234. 0xea >:
1110 1011 235. 0xeb >;
1110 1100 236. 0xec ><
1110 1101 237. 0xed >=
1110 1110 238. 0xee >>
1110 1111 239. 0xef >?
1111 0000 240. 0xf0 ?0
1111 0001 241. 0xf1 ?1
1111 0010 242. 0xf2 ?2
1111 0011 243. 0xf3 ?3
1111 0100 244. 0xf4 ?4
1111 0101 245. 0xf5 ?5
1111 0110 246. 0xf6 ?6
1111 0111 247. 0xf7 ?7
1111 1000 248. 0xf8 ?8
1111 1001 249. 0xf9 ?9
1111 1010 250. 0xfa ?:
1111 1011 251. 0xfb ?;
1111 1100 252. 0xfc ?<
1111 1101 253. 0xfd ?=
1111 1110 254. 0xfe ?>
1111 1111 255. 0xff ??

decimal hex pseudo

2-Nov-06 Computer Control of the Advantage DRC 4+4 page 29