SMARTIRE™ TIRE PRESSURE MONITORING SYSTEM BY BENDIX CVS
Thank you for purchasing the SmarTire
TPMS onboard, your vehicle is equipped with a wireless communication network allowing seamless
integration of wireless sensing technology.
The SmarTire
™
TPMS application is an advanced tire pressure monitoring system specifically designed
for commercial vehicles. The system constantly monitors the pressure and temperature of each tire on
your vehicle in order to provide real-time, on-demand tire status information and to warn the driver of a
tire-related problem before it becomes dangerous.
SMARTIRE
™
TPMS:
Extends tire life,
Reduces maintenance costs and time,
Maximizes fuel economy by ensuring tires are properly inflated,
Reduces vehicle downtime, and
Reduces accident risk caused by a tire blowout or tire fire.
FEATURES OF SMARTIRE
™
:
Temperature compensated alert: know when your tires are at risk no matter how long you’ve
been driving.
Real-time tire information while you drive.
Tire alerts provide instant visual and optional audible alert of a tire problem.
3 types of alerts: Pressure Deviation Alert, Critical Low Pressure Alert, and High Temperature
Alert.
Can be linked to the J1939 communication network for seamless vehicl e integration.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: PLEASE READ
SmarTire
™
tire sensors can be broken when mounting and dismounting a tire unless
specific instructions are followed. If tire work is done by a non-Bendix authorized facility,
please let them know that a tire pressure monitoring system is installed on the vehicle
before they remove a tire from a wheel.
™
Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS). With SmarTire™
3
WARNING! PLEASE READ AND FOLLOW THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO AVOID
PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH:
When working on or around a vehicle, the following general precautions should be observed at all times.
1. Park the vehicle on a level surface, apply the parking brakes, and always block the wheels.
Always wear safety glasses.
2. Stop the engine and remove ignition key when working under or around the vehicle. When
working in the engine compartment, the engine should be shut off and the ignition key should be
removed. Where circumstances require that the engine be in operation, EXTREME CAUTION
should be used to prevent personal injury resulting from contact with moving, rotating, leaking,
heated or electrically charged components.
3. Do not attempt to install, remove, disassemble or assemble a component until you have read and
thoroughly understand the recommended procedures. Use only the proper tools and observe all
precautions pertaining to use of those tools.
4. If the work is being performed on the vehicle’s air brake system, or any auxiliary pressurized air
systems, make certain to drain the air pressure from all reservoirs before beginning ANY work on
the vehicle. If the vehicle is equipped with an AD-IS
®
air dryer system or a dryer reservoir module,
be sure to drain the purge reservoir.
5. Following the vehicle manufacturer’s recommended procedures, deactivate the electrical system
in a manner that safely removes all electrical power from the vehicle.
6. Never exceed manufacturer’s recommended pressures.
7. Never connect or disconnect a hose or line containing pressure; it may whip. Never remove a
component or plug unless you are certain all system pressure has been depleted.
8. Use only genuine Bendix
®
replacement parts, components and kits. Replacement hardware,
tubing, hose, fittings, etc. must be of equivalent size, type and strength as original equipment and
be designed specifically for such applications and systems.
9. Components with stripped threads or damaged parts should be replaced rather than repaired. Do
not attempt repairs requiring machining or welding unless specifically stated and approved by the
vehicle and component manufacturer.
10. Prior to returning the vehicle to service, make certain all components and systems are restored to
their proper operating condition.
11. For vehicles with Automatic Traction Control (ATC), the ATC function must be disabled (ATC
indicator lamp should be ON) prior to performing any vehicle maintenance where one or more
wheels on a drive axle are lifted off the ground and moving.
The Wireless Gateway Receiver forms the "brain" of the
SmarTire
™
platform. The receiver captures data transmissions
from tire sensors mounted on each wheel which is then analyzed
against programmed user-defined settings and, if it determines
that a tire is under-inflated or running over temperature, an alert is
triggered. Robust and weatherproof in design, the Wireless
Gateway Receiver can be conveniently mounted directly to the
vehicle's chassis. It also interfaces with the vehicle's J1939
network for seamless integration.
Real-time tire pressure and temperature information is available to
the driver on demand via the SmarTire
™
display. If the system
detects a tire that is under-inflated or overly hot, the display will
alert the driver to the condition before it becomes dangerous.
Industrially designed for the harsh environment of a commercial
truck tire, the tire sensor measures internal tire pressure and
temperature every 12 seconds and transmits data every three to
five minutes. If the system detects a pressure change of 3 PSI
(0.206 bar) or greater, it breaks its regular schedule and transmits
data immediately. Each tire sensor is mounted in a break away
cradle so that in the event of in-field damage, the sensor remains
unbroken.
Tire sensors are mounted to the surface of the rim using a
stainless steel strap. Installed by Bendix on hundreds of
thousands of wheels world wide, strap mounting is the most
reliable and universal method of sensor installation available.
Wireless signals from tires on the front axle are captured by the
wireless gateway directly. Signals from the rear axles and the
trailer are captured by an antenna mounted at the rear of the
vehicle. An external antenna ensures signal reception reliability so
that SmarTire
™
TPMS always has up-to-date tire status
information accessible at the push of a button.
When a tire problem occurs on a towed trailer, the trailer lamp will
clearly indicate it to the driver. The lamp illuminates at the first
sign of trouble, as well as flashes to indicate the type of problem
found.
8
1.2 MAINTENANCE TOOLS
Maintaining tires in the yard is just as important as real-time tire
information for the driver, but most TPMS systems don't take
maintenance personnel into account. The SmarTire
tool acts like an 'electronic billy-club' allowing maintenance personnel to
wirelessly 'ping' a tire to measure its pressure and temperature. The
SmarTire
diagnostic time in order to keep every tire rolling safely and cost
effectively. (Maintenance Tool comes with a separate manual).
The LF Tool allows the user to wirelessly 'ping' a tire and can be used
instead of a Hand Tool to add tires to the system configuration, either
during the initial setup or when tires are changed.
™
universal hand
™
hand tool improves inflation accuracy and reduces
9
1.3 HOW DOES THE SMARTIRE
™
TPMS SYSTEM WORK?
1. The SmarTire
™
Wireless Gateway receiver creates a wireless bubble around a vehicle
allowing various sensing technologies to seamlessly interact.
2. Tire sensors mounted on each wheel measure tire pressure and temperature every 12
seconds and wirelessly transmit tire data every three to five minutes.
3. Industrially designed for the rugged requirements of a commercial vehicle chassis, the
wireless gateway can monitor up to 20 wheel positions and is able to handle the most
complex commercial and off-highway vehicle configurations.
4. Real-time tire pressure and temperature information is available to the driver on demand
via the SmarTire
simple to use interactive gauge that provides real-time tire status information, the
SmarTire
™
™
display. Ranging from a simple illuminated light to an easy to read and
display will alert the driver to a low pressure or high temperature condition
before it becomes dangerous.
5. Trailer tires can also be monitored using a stand-alone system and/or trailer lamp.
6. The SmarTire
maintenance personnel to wirelessly ‘ping’ a tire to measure its real-time tire pressure.
The SmarTire
™
universal hand tool acts like an ‘electronic billy-club’ allowing
™
maintenance hand tool improves inflation accuracy and reduces
diagnostic time in order to keep every tire rolling cost effectively.
1.4 WHY IS TEMPERATURE MONITORING IMPORTANT?
THE PRESSURE TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP
Tire manufacturers specify that tire pressures should be checked and adjusted when a tire is
“cold”, but most people may not know why, or even what a “cold tire” is. The temperature of a tire
actually has a significant impact on its inflation pressure.
According to tire manufacturers, a tire is considered to be “cold” when its temperature is 65°F
(18°C). The inflation values provided by vehicle manufacturers, fleet maintenance personnel or
industry published load inflation tables are called ‘Cold Inflation Pressures’ (CIP) because they
represent the correct amount of pressure a tire should be inflated to when it is “cold”. The reason
that tires have cold inflation pressures set at specific temperatures is because a tire’s pressure
will change relative to its temperature.
Air naturally expands when heated and contracts when cooled. Inside a contained vessel such as
a tire, this expansion and contraction causes a change in contained air pressure. As a tire heats
up, its pressure will naturally increase and as it cools down, its pressure will naturally decrease.
10
For example, a tire inflated to a CIP of 105 PSI at 65°F will increase in pressure to 125 PSI at
152°F and decrease in pressure to 97 PSI at 32°F. The SmarTire
™
tire monitoring system
considers these changes in temperature and pressure as part of normal operation and adapts
accordingly to provide more accurate information while helping to prevent false alerts.
Tire manufacturers never recommend inflating a tire to less than the specified cold inflation
pressure. In extreme cases, the beads of a commercial tire can unseat if its pressure gets too low
resulting in a catastrophic tire failure.
Always refer to the vehicle manufacturer’s recommendations for minimum cold inflation
pressures.
The charts below illustrate the equivalent inflation values for a series of cold inflation pressures at
various temperatures. The temperature values represent the temperature of the air contained
inside the tire. This temperature can be estimated for a cold tire using the outside, ambient
temperature.
11
The charts above are to be used as a guide only. Always refer to the tire / v ehicle
manufacturer’s recommendations for minimum cold inflation pressures.
Thermal Equilibrium
As a vehicle moves, its tires naturally heat up due to friction from the road and the flexing of its
side-walls. Weight, vehicle speed and a tire’s starting inflation pressure all have an impact on how
much and how quickly heat is generated.
As the tire generates heat, its pressure increases, causing a reduction in side-wall flexing. Less
side-wall flexing and road resistance combined with air rushing past the tire as the vehicle moves
effectively counteracts the conditions that cause the tire to heat up. As a result, the temperature
increase tapers off until the tire reaches a point of balance called Thermal Equilibrium.
Tire “Thermal Equilibrium” is the point where the heat being generated is equal to the heat being
dissipated. Tires are designed with the principles of temperature and pressure in mind in order for
them to achieve Thermal Equilibrium. Once a properly inflated tire reaches Thermal Equilibrium, it
will operate at its peak; providing the best performance, handling, tire life and fuel economy.
SmarTire
™
TPMS Temperature Compensation
Since a tire’s contained air pressure naturally increases as a vehicle moves, it can be difficult to
tell if a hot tire is under-inflated. Without some form of temperature compensation, a hot tire that
is under-inflated might appear to be fine because its contained air pressure is at or above its cold
inflation pressure (CIP).
For example, a tire correctly inflated to a CIP of 105 PSI at 65°F will reach thermal equilibrium
when its temperature increases to 152°F and its pressure increases to 125 PSI. A tire starting at
95 PSI at 65°F (10 PSI under inflated) would have to reach 202°F for it to reach thermal
12
equilibrium (125 PSI). The tire will then be running 50°F hotter than it should be, causing more
tire wear and the potential for a catastrophic failure or tire fire.
When checked using a handheld gauge or a tire monitoring system that does not measure
operating temperature, this 10 PSI under-inflated tire can appear to be normal. When equipped
with tire sensors that mount inside the tire, SmarTire
™
TPMS measures both tire pressure and
temperature in order to provide “Temperature Compensated” pressure deviation values and
alerts. By measuring the operating temperature of a tire and comparing it to the cold inflation
pressure (CIP) value programmed into the system, the SmarTire
™
system will know what a tire’s
pressure is supposed to be in relation to its operating temperature.
The system is able to warn the driver of an under-inflated tire even if that tire’s actual contained
air pressure is at or above its CIP.
The advantages of temperature compensation are even more dramatic when a tire has a slow
leak. A tire that is constantly losing pressure will not be able to reach thermal equilibrium because
the contained air simply can not expand enough to generate the required pressure, regardless of
how hot the tire becomes. Since the leak is slow, the tire may appear over an extended period of
time to be properly inflated when it is actually dangerously under-inflated and operating well
above its temperature capacity.
As air leaks from the tire, increased side-wall flexing and rolling resistance cause the tire’s
temperature and pressure to increase. The pressure increase will soon plateau and begin to
slowly decrease while the tire’s temperature continues to increase. Eventually, the tire will
become so hot that its structure will degrade and then fail in the form of a blow-out and / or tire
fire.
2.0 TIRE MAINTENANCE
Proper tire maintenance is critically important for keeping tires rolling smoothly. When properly
maintained and inflated, tires will provide shorter stopping distances, better vehicle handling in
emergency situations and better fuel economy.
Maintenance Tips for Long Tire Life:
Keep tires properly inflated at all times.
Visually inspect tires for injuries prior to each trip.
Match dual tires for size and keep pressures within 5 PSI (0.344 bar).
Re-tread tire before wear causes excessive belt damage or fatigue.
13
S E C T I O N
SmarTire™ Tire Pressure Monitoring System
by Bendix CVS
Section B: System Programming
14
IMPORTANT
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS PRIOR TO INSTALLATION
This SmarTire
Sensors have been PRE-ASSIGNED TO WHEEL POSITIONS and are identified on each
Default values have been assigned to each axle for the following:
™
kit is pre-programmed and ready to use, subject to your application:
unit with a position label (P1, P2, P3, etc.) – install the sensors as per the diagram below.
o Cold Inflation Pressure (CIP) – 100 PSI
o First Alert Level (FAL) – set to a deviation of ±15% from CIP
o Second Alert Level (SAL) – set to -20% from CIP
o High temperature alert (optional) – ITEC specific kits set to OFF, all other kits
set to 85°C
Installation steps:
1. Install the receiver, display, antenna and harnesses on the vehicle, following the
instructions in “Section D – Installation Electrical” section of the SmarTire
2. Install the sensors in the pre-programmed locations as above, following the instructions in
“Section E – Installation Tire Sensors” section of the SmarTire
3. Adjust any system parameters as required, following “Section B – System Programming” section of the SmarTire
™
manual.
™
manual.
™
manual.
15
3.0 CONFIGURING & CUSTOMIZING YOUR SMARTIRE™ SYSTEM
During the installation process, the default settings for SmarTire
the vehicle by the installer. At any time, alert thresholds can be made more or less sensitive and
system settings can be adjusted to accommodate vehicle changes and use.
Replacing vehicle tires or installing the system on a new vehicle may also require adjustment of
pre-configured settings. The following section describes how to adjust the pre-configured settings
of your SmarTire
™
TPMS.
3.1 PRE-CONFIGURED SETTINGS
Generally, the SmarTire
™
TPMS is pre-configured with the default settings listed below.
Depending on your vehicle, your system may have a different initial setup.
First Alert Level (FAL) Pressure Deviation Alert: CIP +/- 15%
Second Alert Level (SAL) Critical Low Pressure Alert: CIP -20%
High Temperature Alert: 185°F (85°C)
Default cold inflation pressure settings should always be customized to the vehicle. Check the
vehicle’s owner’s manual, placard or the industry published load inflation table to determine the
recommended cold inflation pressure settings. Bendix recommends setting the Second Alert
Level (SAL) critical low pressure alert at 20% below the recommended cold inflation pressure for
your vehicle. Bendix also does not recommend changing the First Alert Level (FAL) pressure
deviation alert setting.
3.2 SMARTIRE
™
SENSOR LEARN INSTRUCTIONS
This section contains the instructions to program vehicle sensors into the SmarTire
using the SmarTire
Diagnostic Software (Version 1.0.25 or higher – download at
http://www.smartire.com/support/manuals)
PC with Microsoft Windows XP
™
TPMS should be customized to
™
system
16
3.2.2 Communications Setup
To setup communications over J1939:
1. Connect the Gateway connector on the SmarTire
™
harness to the vehicle’s Gateway.
2. Connect the J1939 Diagnostic port of the harness to your PC-to-CAN adaptor (i.e.
RP1210A).
3. Connect the harness’ VIN1 and GND1 wires to 12-24VDC.
4. Apply power to the hardware.
5. Run SmarTire
™
Diagnostic Tool.exe on your PC.
6. Select your J1939 Adaptor on the menu bar. If it doesn’t appear in the Adaptor dropdown list, ensure you have the appropriate drivers installed on your computer.
7. Click ‘Connect J1939’ to start the interface communicating over J1939.
17
8. If the adaptor is correctly installed and identified, the TPM system details will be filled in
at the bottom of the screen with information from the SmarTire
™
Wireless Gateway.
3.2.3 Configuring Your Vehicle
There are two steps to having the Gateway Receiver learn your vehicle’s configuration:
1. Axle/Tire configuration
2. Sensor Programming
Axle/Tire Configuration
During this step, we must tell the Gateway Receiver how many tires there are on the vehicle and
their locations. Also, we will program the Cold Inflation Pressures (CIP) and Alert Levels. The
alert levels can be changed at anytime later without affecting the vehicle layout, but it is best to
put a default value in at this time.
1. With the SmarTire
™
Diagnostic Tool setup and running, click on the Setup tab (or press
the F6 key).
18
2. To specify how many axles are present on the vehicle, click on the check mark after the
last axle on your vehicle. Darkened axles and tires are active and can be programmed.
Grayed out axles and tires are disabled.
3. Next, ensure that all active axles have the correct number of tires assigned. Use the
‘Dual Wheel’ check box under each axle to configure this. Note: Steps two and three
must be carried out each time the software is restarted, regardless of the saved
configuration in the receiver.
4. When you’ve completed setting up the vehicle’s axles, adjust the CIP values for each
axle. If you would like to change the units being displayed, click the ‘Units of Measure’
button on the left side of the window (or press ALT-6).
5. Now we will check the Alert levels to ensure they are the right values for your system.
Click the ‘System Parameters’ button (or press ALT-4). Bendix recommends that you
use the default values that came programmed with the Wireless Gateway, but you can
change them here if desired.
6. Click the Axle Configuration button (or press ALT-1) to return to the Axle Configuration
screen.
19
7. To save the settings you’ve entered into the Wireless Gateway Receiver, click ‘Save
Configuration’ on the Axle Configuration screen.
To save the settings for use on another vehicle, click the ‘Load/Save Configuration’ button (or
press ALT-5). On this screen, click ‘Save Configuration’ and choose the filename and location to
save this file. Included in the saved file is:
Once you’ve saved a configuration, when you start the Diagnostic Tool the next time, you must
simply go to the ‘Load/Save Configuration’ screen and click ‘Load Configuration’ to restore the
complete profile you were working on previously. You can then proceed to programming the
sensors into the new Gateway Receiver.
Learning Sensors
After setting up or loading a profile, you can begin programming sensors into the Gateway.
1. On the Setup tab, select the ‘Sensor Configuration’ button.
20
2. Select the tire you wish to program.
3. Each sensor has a unique ID that the Gateway Receiver uses to identify it. You can
either enter this ID into the Gateway Receiver manually, or trigger the sensor to identify
itself and have the Gateway Receiver automatically learn it.
Having the Gateway Receiver identify the sensor is a slower method than manually
entering the ID, but it is particularly useful if a sensor has already been installed in a tire.
Manual Sensor Learn
a. To do a manual sensor learn enter the ID of the sensor into the green dashed
text box. The ID for the sensor is the 7 digit code on the top label of the sensor
(i.e. 101-1-4-#######).
b. Now click ‘Assign Selected Sensor’. The sensor ID will then appear on the tire
map.
21
Gateway Sensor Learn
a. To have the Gateway Receiver detect a sensor’s ID, click the ‘Learn Selected
Sensor’ button in the SmarTire
™
Diagnostics Software.
b. You now need to trigger a Learn transmission from the tire within the next two
minutes (or press ESC to cancel). This can be done using the LF Initiator Tool,
LF Tool, or Maintenance Hand Tool.
Press the Learn button with the device in the appropriate position shown below.
Check the manual for the tool you are using to select the Learn function.
c. Once triggered, it can take up to 30 seconds for the Gateway to receive the
transmission and complete the learn process. When successful, the sensor icon
in the tire map will turn green and the detected ID will be displayed.
4. Perform the above steps for each sensor on the tire map.
5. Sensor programming is now complete and the sensors are stored on the Gateway
receiver.
22
S E C T I O N
SmarTire™ Tire Pressure Monitoring System
by Bendix CVS
™
Section C: SmarTire
Display Operation
23
4.0 DISPLAY OVERVIEW: ALERTS
SMARTIRE
™
Display Dual Light Display
Note: If you are using a 3
rd
party display to view SmarTire™ information, please refer to the
respective user manual or contact your vehicle vendor for instructions.
4.1 POWER, MOUNTING, AND ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Operating voltage range 8.5 – 36V
Typical current consumption (with no external loads) 30mA
Connector type: 1062-16-0122-Deutsch
Lock: W6S-Deutsch
Plugs: DT06-6S-Deutsch
SAE J1939 protocol compliant, 250 kbps
Overall depth of unit (back of bezel to the end of the connector): 2.55 in.
Bezel thickness: 0.240 in (6.069 mm).
Bezel diameter: 2.29 in (58.166 mm).
Panel Cutout: Std SAE 2 in. gauge panel cutout
Mounting (clamp ring and wave spring): 0.050 to 0.130 in (1.27 mm to 3.302 mm).
4.2 J1939 CONNECTOR PIN DESCRIPTIONS
(Buzzer) Output
CAN - L
CAN - H
Check the back of the 6-pin Deutsch connector for numbering.
Line Colors versus Pin Numbers for Standard SmarTire
™
Harnesses (White wires are
labeled for Display connector):
Pin 1 2 3 4 5 6
Line
Color
Red Black White YellowGreenWhite
6 1
5 2
4 3
Vin
GND
Backlight
24
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