Bag End KAIROS DSP Operation Manual

KAIROS DSP SERIES
DIGITAL LOUDSPEAKER PROCESSORS

u

KS26

OPERATION MANUAL

© 2013 by Bag End Loudspeakers and Electronics http://www.BagEnd.com

Page 2

Display

The LCD displays preset and parameter information. The default screen is shown after start up and displays
the number and name of the current preset on the lower line of text. When navigating around the adjustable
parameters, other information is shown.

Channel Select Buttons Display

The currently selected input or output channel is shown in the top left corner of the display. Pressing the
channel select buttons scrolls through the available inputs and outputs. If operating stereo linked the channel
pair is shown. For example ‘CH A+B’ means both input A and B parameters.

Edit Parameter Buttons

The name of the edit parameter page is displayed in the bottom left portion of the LCD. Pressing the edit
select buttons moves through the available parameter pages for the current input or output.

Parameter Knobs

Up to three parameters are shown on the display. The parameter name is shown with its’ current value
below. Where appropriate, parameters are grouped according to function. For example the parametric equal­ization page shows center frequency, width and gain. Turning a parameter knob clockwise will increase the
value of a parameter, turning anti-clockwise will decrease it. Turning a knob rapidly will cause the action to
‘accelerate’, so the value changes more rapidly.

Mute Buttons

The LED’s next to the mute buttons indicate their current status. Pressing a mute button toggles between
the mute on and off.

Store Button

The unit has 45 preset locations. To store a preset in a location, press the store button and use the param­eter knobs to select the preset location and name the preset. Pressing the store button again completes the
task. Pressing any button other than store during the process cancels the procedure.

Recall Button

To recall a preset, press the recall button and use parameter knob A to select the required preset. Pressing
the recall button again will activate the preset. You will then be asked to confirm by pressing recall once
more. As with the store function, pressing any button other will cancel the process.

Quick Reference Guide

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KS26

Page 3

Quick Reference Guide 2
Display 2
Important Safety Information 5
Regulatory Compliance 5
Thanks and Unpacking 6
Introduction and Key Features 7
Introduction 7
The User Guide 8
Front Panel 9
Input Signal Indicators 9
Preset Store and Recall 9
Channel Select Buttons 9
Text Display 10
Parameter Knobs 10
Output Signal / Limiter Indication 10
Mute Buttons and Status LEDs 10
Secure Button (on the rear) 10
Rear Panel 11
Power Inlet 11
Network Expansion Port 11
Audio Input Connectors 11
Audio Output Connectors 11
Communications Port Connector 11
Operation 12
Starting up 12
Selecting a Factory Preset 12
Creating a Preset 12
Navigation and Viewing Parameters 13
Navigation 13
Presets 14
Preset Recall 14
Preset Store 15
DSP Processing layout 16
Input DSP block diagram 16
Output DSP block diagram 16
Stereo / Mono Formats 16
DSP processing 16
Input Channels 17
Gain 17
Delay 17
High Pass Filter 18
Parametric Equalization 18
High and Low shelving filters 19
Parametric filters 19
Output Channels 20
Gain and Polarity 20
Delay 20
High and Low Pass Filters 21
Parametric Equalization 22

Page 4

Limiters 23
Routing 24
Utilities 25
Utility functions 25
Bag End CD and CDS Series Loudspeaker Presets 26
Preset Output Assignments 27
EQ and Filter Response Graphs 28-30
Technical Specification 31
General 31
Processing 31
Connectors 31

Page 5

Please read carefully and keep the following instructions and safety information.
Heed all warnings and follow all instructions.

• Do not remove covers. There are no user serviceable parts inside, please refer servicing to
qualified service personnel.

• This equipment must be earthed.

• Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched particularly at plugs, convenience
receptacles, and the point where they exit from the apparatus.

• Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.

• Servicing is required when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as the power supply
cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into the apparatus, the appara­ tus has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.

Regulatory Compliance

This product complies with both the EMC Directive (89/336/EEC) and the Low Voltage Directive (73/23/
EEC) as issued by the Commission of the European Community.
Compliance with these directives imply conformity with the following European standards:

• EN60065 Product safety

• EN55103-1 Electromagnetic Interference (Emission)

• EN55103-2 Electromagnetic Susceptibility (Immunity)

This product is intended for operation in the E2 (commercial & light industrial) and E3 (urban outdoors) Elec­tromagnetic Environments.

Important Safety Information

Page 6

Thank you for choosing a Bag End Kairos DSP series loudspeaker management system for your application.
Please spare a little time to study the contents of this manual, so that you obtain the best possible perfor­mance from this unit.

All Bag End products are carefully engineered for world-class performance and reliability. If you would like
further information about this or any other Bag End product, please contact us. We look forward to helping
you in the near future.

Unpacking the Bag End Kairos DSP series processor

After unpacking the unit please check carefully for damage. If damage is found, please notify the carrier
concerned at once. You, the consignee, must instigate any claim. Please retain all packaging in case of fu­ture re-shipment.

Thanks and Unpacking

Page 7

Introduction

The Bag End Kairos DSP series of loudspeaker processors represent the current state-of-the-art. Taking ad­vantages of the latest advances in analog to digital conversion and digital signal processing technologies the
units achieve performance levels that have only recently been made possible.

Key Features

• Bag End minimal signal path design

• Sonically superb ADC / DAC combination; a carefully matched pairing of the best devices from Burr
Brown and Wolfson

• Newly released family of Analog Devices SHARC DSP

Extended bandwidth; 96kHz sampling frequency provides for a nominally flat response to 40kHz.

• Parameter knob and LCD provide a rapid, user-friendly control interface

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

The User Guide

Introduction and Key Features

Page 8

This user manual gives a progressively more detailed description of the functions of the DSP series. A single
page quick reference guide is provided for those users who are experienced with this type of equipment and
just need to know how to ‘drive’ the front panel.

A detailed explanation of the front and rear panel controls and indicators is contained in the next section.
The final section describes each individual function or feature with annotated images explaining its’ use.
Where appropriate, the LCD is shown to further elaborate on the units’ operation.

To complete the manual a reference section is included, describing the technical performance of the device
complete with graphs of filter responses and details of the Factory Presets and their configuration.

The User Guide

Page 9

Input Signal Indicators

A set of three pairs of LEDs indicate signal present, +4dBu and input clip for each channel. The signal
present LEDs operate at approximately –40 dBu, giving a useful indication of even relatively low input signal
levels. The +4 dBu LEDs are intended to show nominal operating level and can also be useful for setting
system gain structure. Clip LEDs warn the user of input overload and operate at +19 dBu.

Preset Store and Recall

These controls provide access to the 45 presets stored within the device. Pressing the store button allows
the user to name a preset and choose which memory location it will be held in. Pressing store button again
completes the process. The Recall function operates in a similar way, pressing the recall button allows the
user to select which preset they require, pressing the button for a second time recalls the new DSP settings.

Note that presets cannot be stored or recalled when Secure mode is activated.

Channel Select Buttons

The currently selected channel is displayed on the top left hand corner of the LCD. Pressing the channel but­tons scrolls through the available input and output channels and finally through the utility functions and back
to the default screen. If operating a stereo linked preset, the channel name will indicate the channel pairing.
For example ‘A+B’ means both input A and B parameters. The name of the output will be shown briefly at
the top of the display when stepping onto an output.

Edit Select Buttons

The currently selected edit parameter page is displayed on the bottom left corner of the LCD. Pressing the
edit select buttons moves through the available parameters for the current input or output.

Front Panel

2x 24 character

LCD

Input Signal

Indicators

Store and

Recall buttons

Channel Select

buttons

Parameter Edit

Encoders

Output Mute

buttons

Limiter

Indicators

Edit Parameter

Select buttons

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KS26

Page 10

Text Display

Preset, channel, parameter and status information is shown on the 2x 24-character text display. In most
screens the currently selected channel is displayed on the upper line and the edit parameter on the lower
line. To simplify the display and enhance security, some parameters or parameter pages are omitted when
not relevant.

Parameter Knobs

Three velocity sensitive parameter knobs are used to adjust parameters shown on the display. Up to three
parameters at a time are displayed on the screen. The parameter name is shown above the parameter value
in each of the three screen sections. The parameter knobs have a fixed association with the screen sec­tions; the rightmost parameter knob adjusts the rightmost parameter and so on.

Output Signal / Limiter Indication

Two LEDs are provided for each output channel. These show the peak signal level relative to the limiter
threshold. The yellow LED will light when the signal is 6dB below the threshold and the red warning LED
will light when the limiter threshold is reached.

Mute Buttons and Status LEDs

Each output has a mute button and associated mute status LED. Pressing the button toggles the mute on
and off.

Note that the mute buttons do not function when the Secure mode is activated.

Secure Button (on the rear)

A momentary button is fitted behind the rear panel, between the output XLRs and the RS232 port. When
activated, this will disable all the front panel controls so they cannot affect the signal path, making the unit
secure against tampering. When in secure mode, the indicators still operate normally. Note that the commu­nications port is still active in secure mode.

Page 11

Power Inlet

The Bag End Kairos DSP series unit should be connected to a suitable mains electricity supply using the
cable supplied. The processor has a switch mode power supply that is capable of operating with a nominal
mains voltage of 85V to 240V, 50/60Hz without re-configuration.

Network Expansion Port

Where a future network card can be fitted.

Audio Input Connectors

All audio connections are fully balanced and wired pin-1 ground, pin-2 hot & pin-3 cold. The two inputs have
pin-1 connected directly to the chassis and feed the signal processing chains. If an unbalanced source is
used, a connection should be made between the pin-3 ‘cold’ signal and the ground connection of the unbal­anced source.

Audio Output Connectors

The processed outputs are impedance balanced, and wired pin-1 ground, pin-2 hot and pin-3 cold. An un­balanced input may be driven by connecting pin-3 ‘cold’ signal to the ground connection of the unbalanced
destination input. Note that output pin-1’s are ground lifted at audio frequencies but connected to ground
at RF for good EMC performance. The intention being that the amplifiers the processor is driving should be
responsible for the grounding of their input cable shields.

Communications Port Connector

Bag End Kairos DSP series processor may be controlled entirely from another controller, typically a Personal
Computer, running an application that is compliant with the ObCom standard. Connection will normally be
made to the controller via this serial port connector. This port is also used for updating the firmware in the
unit.

(Note:) - that the communications port is NOT disabled when the front panel is made secure using the se­cure button.

Power Inlet

Audio Output

Connectors

Serial Comms

Port

Audio Input
Connectors

Secure Mode

Switch

Expansion

Port

Rear Panel

Page 12

Starting up

The unit will energize as soon as power is applied to the IEC inlet; there is no power switch. During the start
up process the firmware application model number and version numbers are displayed and the outputs are
muted until the unit has completed its internal checks. Once the start-up routines are complete and the unit
is ready to pass audio, the DSP signal path will be restored to the current settings when it was last powered
down and the audio signal is gradually ramped up to its correct level.

Selecting a Factory Preset

• The Bag End Kairos DSP series processors have a library of Factory Presets designed to suit a
range of applications.

• Factory Presets contain some parameters that are fixed and hidden from view; the remainder of the DSP
parameters are available for user manipulation. The number and type of hidden parameters is dependant
on the Factory Preset. Typically crossover frequencies, output delay and some EQ’s are hidden. Those
settings are a function of the loudspeaker cabinet design and should not require adjustment for different
applications.

• To recall a Factory Preset for a particular cabinet or system, press Recall and use the left hand param­eter knob a to scroll through the available Factory Preset locations (as indicated by a box symbol after
the preset number). Once the appropriate preset has been selected press Recall again at which point you
will be asked to confirm the action by pressing Recall for a third time. This is to guard against accidental
recall of presets.

• Factory Presets are locked so they cannot be over-written. The user can, however, store an edited ver­sion of a Factory Preset in any free preset location. Details of all the Factory Presets including output
designations can be found in Appendix A.

Added Delay in Some KS26 Loudspeaker Presets

The loudspeaker presets for running any of the CD series loudspeakers in biamp mode along with a sub­woofer have an additional 10 ms of delay built into the preset for all of the outputs (subwoofer, low fre­quency and high frequency). This is because the delay settings for the biamp operation of CD series loud­speaker are locked and cannot be altered by the end user. The delay setting for the subwoofer output is not
locked and can be modified. If there is a large distance between the subwoofer and the CD series loud­speaker this may need to occur.

If the subwoofer needs more delay, due to it being closer to the intended listening area than the CD series
loudspeaker, the subwoofer output delay can be increased to more than 10 ms. If the subwoofer needs
less delay, due to it being farther away from the intended listening area than the CD series loudspeaker, the
subwoofer output delay can be decreased to less than 10 ms.

Creating a Preset

In addition to the Factory Presets the unit has 22 open presets. These presets are stored in locations 1 and
2 respectively, they can be used to develop settings for any loudspeaker combination and are recalled in the
same way as the Factory Presets described above. These presets are also unlocked and the user can name
and store them, and make their own edited versions in any free preset location.

Operation

Page 13

Many of the processing elements in each input and output path have features that may be controlled by the
user, such as gain, frequency or limiter threshold. We call these adjustable features parameters.

A parameter may be adjusted when it is displayed by turning one of the three-parameter knobs. Each of the
three-parameter knobs is associated with a zone on the display. Adjusting the leftmost parameter knob will
change the value of the parameter showing in the leftmost zone of the display and so on. Turn a knob clock­wise to increase the value of a parameter, or anti-clockwise to decrease it. The knobs are velocity-sensitive
so turning a knob rapidly will cause the action to ‘accelerate’, so the value changes more rapidly.

Navigation

The DSP parameters are organized by channel. The currently selected channel is shown in the top left hand
corner of the display. You can navigate between the channels by pressing the channel buttons. Pressing the
channel buttons will scroll through the channels, utilities and back to the default screen. When using a Pre­set that is stereo linked, the channel selection will reflect this. For example ‘1&4’ indicates outputs 1 and 4.
When navigating onto an output channel, the usage of the output, as defined in the Factory Preset, will be
shown briefly at the top of the screen.

In A Freq Width Gain
EQ1 100Hz 1.4Q 0.0dB

a

b

c

a b c

Navigation and Viewing Parameters

Page 14

Pressing the edit navigation buttons gives access to the various pages of parameters available for each
channel. The currently selected page is shown in the bottom left hand corner of the display, this is omitted
on some pages where the function is obvious. The screen shows up to three (normally related) parameters
for a given part of the processing functions on a given channel.

The edit buttons allow you to scroll, in either direction, through the different processing pages for a given
Channel. When you go past the last page, you will be returned to the default page.

The channel buttons allow you to scroll, in either direction, through the input and output channels, whilst
trying to maintain the currently viewed processing block. If the channel you scroll to does not have the cur­rently viewed processing block, the next one will be shown instead.

When the unit powers-up, the settings will be the same as those when the unit was last switched off.

Presets

The device contains a total of forty-five user and Factory Presets. The user cannot overwrite the factory
preset programs.

Preset Recall

To select an existing preset, press the Recall Button so the indicator above it illuminates. Turn parameter
knob a until the required preset number is shown on the display. Factory Presets are indicated by a box
symbol appearing after the preset number. Press the Recall Button again to activate the Preset. Pressing any
other button will cancel the operation.

Out1 Freq Width Gain
EQ1 100Hz 1.4Q 0.0dB

a

b

c

CHANNEL

EDIT

Page 15

Preset Name
Store 32 My System

a b

c

SELECT STORE

LOCATION

a

STORE STORE

cb

NAME PRESET

Users can develop their own Preset based on one of the Basic or Factory Presets stored within the device.
Once a basic or user Preset has been recalled, a user has complete freedom to adjust any or all of the pa­rameters. Factory Presets can be used as the basis for user Presets but they have some parameters that are
predefined as a function of the loudspeaker system. These parameters are ‘hidden’ from the user, as they
should be constant regardless of application.

Preset Store

To store the current Preset in a user location, press the Preset Store Button so the indicator above it illumi­nates. Turn the first parameter knob until the required Preset location number is show on the display. A Pre­set name of up to 12 characters in length can be entered using parameter knobs b and c. Pressing the Store
Button again completes the process and stores the Preset. As with Preset Recall, pressing any other button
cancels the operation.

The user can overwrite non-protected Presets only; if an attempt is made to save a Preset in a location al­ready occupied by a basic or Factory Preset a ‘LOCKED PRESET’ message is displayed.

Preset Name
Recall 32 My System

a b

c

SELECT PRESET

TO RECALL

a

RECALL RECALL

Preset Name
Store 32 My System

a b

c

Page 16

Input DSP block diagram

Output DSP block diagram

Stereo / Mono Formats

There is only one ‘standard’ layout of the processing blocks, but flexible routing and control linking allows
this layout to be adapted to a wide variety of applications.

There are two ‘Formats’, Mono or Stereo. With the Mono format, all outputs have unique parameter set­tings, and all outputs are identical in terms of processing functions and routing capability. This is the most
flexible Format.

Stereo format pairs the inputs and outputs for stereo operation, the parameters of each member of the pair
being identical. The routing of inputs to outputs is fixed. This format is intended for symmetrical stereo oper­ation, eliminating the need to make identical parameter adjustments for each channel.

The channel pairing is:

• Left and Right Inputs

• Outputs 1 (routed from L input) and 4 (routed from R input)

• Outputs 2 (routed from L input) and 5 (routed from R input)

• Outputs 3 (routed from L input) and 6 (routed from R input)

DSP Processing Layout

Input A

Input

LED’s

Input
Gain

Delay

4th Order

HPF

Low

Shelf EQ

Six Band

PEQ

High

Shelf EQ

Routing

Input B

SUM - 6dB

Channel B processing is

identical to Channel A but for
clarity it is not shown

Routing

Delay

8th Order

HPF

8th Order

LPF

Low

Shelf EQ

Six Band

PEQ

High

Shelf EQ

Output

Gain

Mute Limiter

Metering

Page 17

Input Channels

Gain

• Knob a: Gain, adjustable in 0.2dB steps from –80 dB to +20dB

Delay

• Knob a: Delay, adjustable in variable steps from 0 to 400ms

The delay parameter is adjustable in fine steps at low values; the adjustment becomes progressively coarser
as the value increases. The velocity sensitive Parameter Knobs therefore provide accurate setting of driver
offset delays (typically below 10ms) and rapid setting of longer system alignment delays.

In A Gain

0.0dB

a b

c

a

In A Delay

1.50ms

a b

c

a

DSP Processing Layout

Page 18

High Pass Filter

• Knob a: Frequency, out (off), 20.0Hz to 25.6kHz in variable steps

• Knob b: high pass filter type

System high pass filtering is provided for the input signal. This is the preferred location for high pass filtering
as it affects all outputs and can therefore improve inter-band phase relationships. Filter type is selectable
from Butterworth, Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley and Hardman. Filter slopes of up to 4th order or 24dB / octave are
provided. Not all filter types are available in all slopes. For example 18dB / octave Linkwitz-Riley filters do
not exist.

The Hardman type filter is always described by its’ order as the filter becomes progressively steeper rather
than following a linear slope so a dB/octave description is not accurate.

Parametric Equalization

Eight sections of equalization are provided, two shelving filters and six fully variable parametric sections.

In A Freq Shape
HPF 20.0Hz LR24

a b

c

a b

Page 19

High and Low shelving filters

• Knob a: Frequency, 10.0Hz to 25.6kHz in variable steps

• Knob b: Slope, 6 to 12dB / octave in 1dB steps

• Knob c: Gain, +/-15dB in 0.2dB steps

The frequency is specified as point where the filter deviates by 3dB from the gain value.

Parametric filters

• Knob a, Center Frequency, 10.0Hz to 25.6kHz in variable steps

• Knob b, Width, display selectable, Q or BW (Bandwidth)

• BW adjustable from 0.05 to 5 octaves in variable steps

• Q adjustable from 14.2 to 0.2 in variable steps

• Knob c, Gain, +/-15dB in 0.2dB steps

In A Freq Slope Gain
EQ1 100Hz 12dB 0.0dB

a

b

c

a b c

In A Freq Width Gain
EQ1 100Hz 1.4Q 0.0dB

a

b

c

a b c

Page 20

Gain and Polarity

• Knob a: Gain, adjustable in 0.2dB steps from –80 dB to +20dB

• Knob b: Polarity, selectable, normal or reversed with reference to other outputs

Delay

• Knob a: Adjustable in variable steps from 0 to 80ms

As for input delay, velocity sensitive Parameter Knobs provide finer adjustment at low levels and
rapid selection of higher values.

Out1 Gain Pol

0.0dB Rev

a b

c

a b

Out1 Delay

1.50ms

a b

c

a

Output Channels

Page 21

High and Low Pass Filters

• Knob a: Frequency, <<out, 20.0Hz to 25.6kHz, out>>

• Knob b: low pass or high pass filter type

Filter type is selectable from Butterworth, Bessel, Linkwitz-Riley and Hardman. Filter slopes of up to 8th
order or 48dB / octave are provided. Not all filter types are available in all slopes. For example 18dB / octave
Linkwitz-Riley filters do not exist.

The Hardman type filter is always described by its’ order as the filter becomes progressively steeper rather
than following a linear slope so a dB/octave description is not accurate.

Out1 Freq Shape
LPF 2.50k LR24

a b

c

a b

Page 22

Parametric Equalization

Eight sections of equalization are provided in a similar format to the input channel equalization; two shelving
filters and six parametric.

• Knob a: Frequency, 20.0Hz to 25.6kHz in variable steps

• Knob b: Slope, 6 to 12dB / octave in 1dB steps

• Knob c: Gain, +/-15dB in 0.2dB steps

The frequency is specified as point where the filter deviates by 3dB from the gain value.

• Knob a, Center Frequency, 20.0Hz to 25.6kHz in variable steps

• Knob b, Width, display selectable, Q or BW (Bandwidth)

• BW adjustable from 0.1 to 5 octaves in variable steps

• Q adjustable from 14.2 to 0.2 in variable steps

• Knob c, Gain, +/-15dB in 0.2dB steps

Out1 Freq Slope Gain
EQ>- 100Hz 12dB 0.0dB

a b

c

a cb

Out1 Freq Width Gain
EQ1 100Hz 1.4Q 0.0dB

a b

c

a b c

Page 23

Limiters

The limiters in the KS26 are peak limiters and can be used to help minimize amplifier clipping or to help keep
the peak voltage driving a loudspeaker under control. The loudspeaker presets in the KS26 have the limiter
thresholds set to provide one of these functions based on which needs to occur first, minimize amplifier clip­ping or limiting the peak voltage to a loudspeaker. These both assume the use of the recommended amplifi­er(s) for a particular Bag End loudspeaker system. In all cases the amplifier should be set for a voltage gain
of 26 dB.

Amplifiers run in bridged mode and set to 26 dB gain will have a gain of 32 dB. This is accounted for in the
limiter thresholds. Do not set the gain for amplifiers run in bridged mode to 32 dB. This will result in 38 dB
of gain for the amplifier and the amplifier will clip sooner (at a lower input voltage) and drive the loudspeaker
hard than anticipated.

If different limiter threshold settings are desired for a particular application they should be set at approxi­mately 7.7 dBu (or 5.5 dBV) below the maximum peak level desired.

As an example, let’s say we want to keep a Bag End PT4-1000 amplifier from clipping. At a gain setting
of 26 dB its rms input voltage sensitivity is 5.0 V. This means its peak input voltage sensitivity is 7.07 V.
This is the peak input voltage that will drive the amplifier to its maximum level (assuming no current limiting
or other protection mechanisms are encountered). We need to limit the output of the KS26 channel driving
the PT4-1000 to a peak voltage of no more than 7.07 V, which is 17 dBV or 19.2 dBu. Setting the limiter
threshold to about 11.5 dB should keep the amplifier out of clipping.

Limiter Threshold Setting (dBV) based on input voltage to amplifier

Limiter Threshold Setting (dBu) based on input voltage to amplifier

As a different example let’s say we want to keep the maximum peak voltage to the high frequency section
of a loudspeaker from exceeding 63 V. This is equivalent to a peak level of 36 dBV or 38.2 dBu. The am­plifier has 26 dB of gain so the peak input to the amplifier should not exceed 10 dBV or 12.2 dBu. A limiter
setting of about 4.5 dB should accomplish this.

Limiter Threshold Setting (dBV) based on output voltage from amplifier.

Limiter Threshold Setting (dBu) based on output voltage from amplifier

Limiter Threshold =20∗log

(

Max Voltage

peak

0.775

)

−7.7

Limiter Threshold =20∗log(Max Voltage

peak

)

−5.5

Limiter Threshold =20∗log(Max Voltage

peak

)

−Amplif ier Gain −5.5

Limiter Threshold =20∗log

(

Max Voltage

peak

0.775

)

−Amplifier Gain −7.7

Page 24

• Knob a: Threshold, -40dBu to 20dBu in 0.2dB steps

A high performance, low distortion limiter is provided on each output. Threshold is user adjustable; all oth­er parameters are carefully calculated dependant on configuration to provide clean and effective control of
signal dynamics.

Routing

• Knob a: Output source, selectable; Input A, Input B or Sum A+B

Configures the routing from input to output. This function is only available in mono format Presets.

Out1 Source
Inp A

a b

c

a

Out1 Thresh
LIM 4.0dB

a b

c

a

Page 25

Utility functions

Three utility functions are provided to adjust screen contrast, the display units u sed for parametric equiliza­tion bandwidth and switch between stereo and mono mode.

The device automatically adjusts for the variations in display contrast as the temperature of the LCD chang­es. The screen contrast utility control sets the base contrast of the screen and also allows optimization for a
given viewing angle.

Parametric equalization width parameters can be displayed in either ‘Q’ or bandwidth, expressed in octaves.

Care should be taken when swapping between mono and stereo mode as the parameter set for the left hand
channels will be copied to the right hand side, overwriting those settings. This is not reversible and could
represent quite a significant and potentially damaging change to the processing.

Utilities

Util Screen ParaEQ

1.. 100% BW=Q

a b

c

Util Mode
..2 Mono

a b

c

Page 26

Number Preset Name Preset Function

1 CD10 CD-10 10'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System

2 CD10+B18 CD-10 10'' 2-way B-iamped Loudspeaker System and CD-B18 Subwoofer

3 CD10+DM215 CD-10 10'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

4 CDS10 CDS-10 10'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System

5 CDS10+B18 CDS-10 10'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and CDS-18 Subwoofer

6 CDS10+DM215 CDS-10 10'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

7 CD12 CD-12 12'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System

8 CD12+B18 CD-12 12'' 2-way B-iamped Loudspeaker System and CD-B18 Subwoofer

9 CD12+B218 CD-12 12'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and CD-B218 Subwoofer

10 CD12+DM215 CD-12 12'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

11 CDS12 CDS-12 12'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System

12 CDS12+B18 CDS-12 12'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and CDS-18 Subwoofer

13 CDS12+B218 CDS-12 12'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and CDS-218 Subwoofer

14 CDS12+DM215 CDS-12 12'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

15 CD15 CD-15 15'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System

16 CD15+B18 CD-15 15'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and CD-B18 Subwoofer

17 CD15+B218 CD-15 15'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and CD-B218 Subwoofer

18 CD15+DM215 CD-15 15'' 2-way Bi-amped Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

19 CDS15 CDS-15 15'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System

20 CDS15+B18 CDS-15 15'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and CDS-18 Subwoofer

21 CDS15+B218 CDS-15 15'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and CDS-218 Subwoofer

22 CDS15+DM215 CDS-15 15'' 2-way Passive Full Range Loudspeaker System and DM-215 Subwoofer

Presets 23-45 Available for User Programs

Bag End CD and CDS Series Loudspeaker Presets

Number Preset Name Preset Description Output 1 Output 2 Output 3 Output 4 Output 5 Output 6

1 CD10 CD-10 biamp - CD-10 LF, left CD-10 HF, right - CD-10 LF, right -CD-10 HF, right

2 CD10+B18 CD-10 biamp & CD-B18 sub CD-B18, left CD-10 LF, left CD-10 HF, left CD-B18, right CD-10 LF, right CD-10 HF, right

3 CD10+DM215 CD-10 biamp & DM215 sub DM-215, left CD-10 LF, left CD-10 HF, left DM-215, right CD-10 LF, right CD-10 HF, right

4 CDS10 CDS-10 passive - CDS-10, left - - CDS-10, right -

5 CDS10+B18 CDS-10 passive & CDS-18 sub CDS-18, left CDS-10, left - CDS-18, right CDS-10, right -

6 CDS10+DM215 CDS-10 passive & DM215 sub DM-215, left CDS-10, left - DM-215, right CDS-10, right -

7 CD12 CD-12 biamp - CD-12 LF, left CD-12 HF, left - CD-12 LF, right CD-12 HF, right

8 CD12+B18 CD-12 biamp & B18 sub CD-B18, left CD-12 LF, left CD-12 HF, left CD-B18, right CD-12 LF, right CD-12 HF, right

9 CD12+B218 CD-12 biamp & B218 sub CD-B218, left CD-12 LF, left CD-12 HF, left CD-B218, right CD-12 LF, right CD-12 HF, right

10 CD12+DM215 CD-12 biamp & DM215 sub DM-215, left CD-12 LF, left CD-12 HF, left DM-215, right CD-12 LF, right CD-12 HF, right

11 CDS12 CDS-12 passive - CDS-12, left - - CDS-12, right -

12 CDS12+B18 CDS-12 & CDS-18 sub CDS-18, left CDS-12, left - CDS-18, right CDS-12, right -

13 CDS12+B218 CDS-12 & CDS-218 sub CDS-218, left CDS-12, left - CDS-218, right CDS-12, right -

14 CDS12+DM215 CDS-12 & DM215 sub DM-215, left CDS-12, left - DM-215, right CDS-12, right -

15 CD15 CD-15 biamp - CD-15 LF, left -CD-15 HF, left - CD-15 LF, right CD-15 HF, right

16 CD15+B18 CD-15 biamp & B18 sub CD-B18, left CD-15 LF, left CD-15 HF, left CD-B18, right CD-15 LF, right CD-15 HF, right

17 CD15+B218 CD-15 biamp & B218 sub CD-B218, left CD-15 LF, left CD-15 HF, left CD-B218, right CD-15 LF, right CD-15 HF, right

18 CD15+DM215 CD-15 biamp & DM215 sub DM-215, left CD-15 LF, left CD-15 HF, left DM-215, right CD-15 LF, right CD-15 HF, right

19 CDS15 CDS-15 passive - CDS-15, left - - CDS-15, right -

20 CDS15+B18 CDS-15 & CDS18 sub CDS-18, left CDS-15, left - CDS-18, right CDS-15, right -

21 CDS15+B218 CDS-15 & CDS-218 sub CDS-218, left CDS-15, left - CDS-218, right CDS-15, right -

22 CDS15+DM215 CDS-15 & DM215 sub DM-215, left CDS-15, left - DM-215, right CDS-15, right -

Preset Output Assignments

Page 27

Page 28

EQ and Filter Response Graphs

1001

.

10

3

1.10

4

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

6

6dB/Oct
12dB/Oct
18dB/Oct
24dB/Oct
48dB/Oct

Butterworth

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

1001

.

10

3

1.10

4

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

6

12dB/Oct
24dB/Oct
48dB/Oct

Linkwitz-Riley

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

Page 29

100 1.10

3

1.10

4

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

6

12dB/Oct
24dB/Oct

Bessel

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

100 1.10

3

1.10

4

36

30

24

18

12

6

0

6

4th Order
8th Order

Hardman

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

EQ and Filter Response Graphs

Page 30

100 1.10

3

1.10

4

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

Low shelf, varying Gain
High shelf, varying Slope

Shelving EQ

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

100 1.10

3

1.10

4

15

10

5

0

5

10

15

Varying Gain
Varying Bandwidth

Parametric EQ

Frequency, Hz

Magnitude, dB

EQ and Filter Response Graphs

Page 31

General

Inputs 2
Input Impedance > 10k Ohm Electronically Balanced
Maximum Input Level +20dBu 11.0 V Peak
Outputs 6
Output Impedance <100 Ohm, Ground Balanced
Maximum Output Level +20dBu into 600ohm load 11.0 V Peak
Sample Rate 96kHz
Bit Depth 24bit
Frequency Response 20Hz to 40Hz, +/- 3dB (filters disabled)
20Hz to 20kHz, +/- 0.5dB (filters disabled)
THD <0.01%, (+10dBu, 20Hz to 20kHz, 30kHz bandwidth)
Dynamic Range >112dB (A weighted, 22kHz bandwidth)
>110dB (unweighted, 22kHz bandwidth)
Serial Comms Data 115.2kbaud, format,: 8 data, 1 stop, no parity

Processing

Gain +20dB to -80dB and mute, 0.2dB steps
Output Ch. Source Input A, Input B, and SUM
HP filter frequency Off, 20Hz to 25.4 kHz, 1/36 octave steps
LP filter frequency 20Hz to 25.4kHz and off, 1/36 octave steps
LP / HP filter frequency 12,18 & 24dB / octave Bessel and Butterworth
12, 24 and 48dB / octave Linkwitz Riley
4th or 8th order Hardman
Delay Input 400ms, output 80ms
Limiter High performance limiter, adjustable threshold in 0.2dB
steps, automatic time constants
EQ Frequency 10Hz to 25kHz, 1/36 octave steps
EQ Gain + 15dB to -15dB, 0.2dB steps
EQ Width 5.0 to 0.1 octaves bandwidth, 1/36 octave steps

Connectors
Audio Inputs 3 pin female XLR
Audio Outputs 3 pin male XLR
Serial comms DB9.
Network comms Future option
Mains 3pin IEC
Mains Power Universal switch-mode PSU, 85v to 250v AC, 50/60Hz
Consumption <25watts
Dimensions 44mm (H), 482mm (W), 254mm (D)
Weight 2.7 Kgs. net

Technical Specications

© 2013 by Bag End Loudspeakers and Electronics http://www.BagEnd.com