Glossary of Terms .....................................................................................................................................................7
AFL Drawing Symbol Keys......................................................................................................................................8
1.1 Electric Shock Hazard.................................................................................................................................9
1.3 Chemical Hazard........................................................................................................................................10
3.1 Parts Lists ...................................................................................................................................................12
3.1.1 Equipment 60-056100 Parts List .............................................................................................................................. 12
3.1.2Unit 1 Fibre Fed Tunnel Amplifier 60-056101 Parts List ......................................................................................... 12
3.1.3Unit 2 Fibre Fed Tunnel Amplifier 60-056102 Parts List ......................................................................................... 13
5.2.7450MHz 20W Power Amplifier (12-004201)............................................................................................................42
6.1 Initial Installation Record .........................................................................................................................56
7.1 General Procedures....................................................................................................................................58
7.1.5Checking service .......................................................................................................................................................60
7.1.6Service Support .........................................................................................................................................................60
7.2 Tools & Test Equipment............................................................................................................................60
7.3 Care of Modules .........................................................................................................................................61
7.3.5Low Power Amplifier Replacement ..........................................................................................................................62
This handbook is for use solely with the equipment identified by the AFL Part Number
shown on the front cover. It is not to be used with any other equipment unless specifically
authorised by Aerial Facilities Limited. This is a controlled release document and, as such,
becomes a part of Aerial Facilities’ Total Quality Management System. Alterations and
modification may therefore only be performed by Aerial Facilities Ltd.
Purpose
The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user/maintainer with sufficient information
to service and repair the equipment to the level agreed. Maintenance and adjustments to any
deeper level must be performed by AFL, normally at the company’s repair facility in
Chesham, England.
This handbook has been prepared in accordance with BS 4884, and AFL’s Quality
procedures, which maintain the company’s registration to ISO 9001: 1994 and to the
R&TTE Directive of the European Parliament. Copies of the relevant certificates and the
company Quality Manual can be supplied on application to the Quality Manager.
This document fulfils the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the R&TTE Directive.
Limitation of Information Notice
This manual is written for the use of technically competent operators/service persons. No
liability is accepted by AFL for use or misuse of this manual, the information contained
therein, or the consequences of any actions resulting from the use of the said information,
including, but not limited to, descriptive, procedural, typographical, arithmetical, or listing
errors.
Furthermore, AFL does not warrant the absolute accuracy of the information contained
within this manual, or it’s completeness, fitness for purpose, or scope.
AFL has a policy of continuous product development and enhancement, and as such,
reserves the right to amend, alter, update and generally change the contents, appearance and
pertinence of this document without notice.
All AFL products carry a twelve month warranty from date of shipment. The warranty is
expressly on a return to base repair or exchange basis and the warranty cover does not
extend to on-site repair or complete unit exchange.
H/book Number:-60-056100HBKMFCC
Issue No:-2
P B L Tunnel Units 1 & 2
Maintenance Handbook
Date:-04/01/2006
Page:-
6 of 63
Glossary
of Terms
Repeater or
Cell Enhancer A Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier which can simultaneously
amplify and re-broadcast Mobile Station (MS) and Base
Transceiver Station (BTS) signals.
Band SelectiveRepeater A Cell Enhancer designed for operation on a range of channels
within a specified frequency band.
Channel Selective
Repeater A Cell Enhancer, designed for operation on specified channel(s)
within a specified frequency band. Channel frequencies may be
factory set or on-site programmable.
BTS Base Transceiver Station
C/NR Carrier-to-Noise Ratio
Downlink (D.L.) RF signals transmitted from the BTS and to the MS
Uplink (U.L.) RF signals transmitted from the MS to the BTS
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
GND Ground
DC Direct Current
AC Alternating Current
ID Identification Number
OIP3 Output Third Order Intercept Point = RF
+(C/I)/2
out
LED Light Emitting Diode
M.S. Mobile Station
N/A Not Applicable
N/C No Connection
NF Noise Figure
RF Radio Frequency
Rx Receiver
Tx Transmitter
S/N Serial Number
H/book Number:-60-056100HBKMFCC
Issue No:-2
P B L Tunnel Units 1 & 2
Maintenance Handbook
Date:-04/01/2006
Page:-
7 of 63
Drawing Symbol Keys
AFL
H/book Number:-60-056100HBKMFCC
Issue No:-2
P B L Tunnel Units 1 & 2
Maintenance Handbook
Date:-04/01/2006
Page:-
8 of 63
1. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
1.1 Electric Shock Hazard
Electrical shocks due to faulty mains driven power supplies.
Whilst ever potentially present in any electrical equipment, such a condition would be
minimised by quality installation practice and thorough testing at:
a) Original assembly.
b) Commissioning.
c) Regular intervals, thereafter.
All test equipment to be in good working order prior to its use. High current power supplies
can be dangerous because of the possibility of substantial arcing. Always switch off during
disconnection and reconnection.
1.2 RF Radiation Hazard
“CAUTION: This equipment is approved for antennas mounted on fixed outdoor
permanent structures. A minimum separation distance of 2 metres must be maintained
between the radiating elements and any nearby persons. A maximum antenna gain of 21
dBi may be used. Operating this equipment without regard to these restrictions will result
in RF exposure levels above the limits allowed by FCC rules.”
This equipment complies with part 90 of the FCC rules. Any changes or modifications not
expressly approved by the manufacturer could void the user’s authority to operate the
equipment.
RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs connected to
AFL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard.
This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a ‘spare’
output has been left unterminated. Either of these conditions would impair the system’s
efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all
RF power sources have been
removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the
impedance of an N type connector at 50, and that of free space at 377, which would
severely mitigate against the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could
also be a hazard, if any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched!
Antenna positions should be chosen to comply with requirements (both local & statutory)
regarding exposure of personnel to RF radiation. When connected to an antenna, the unit is
capable of producing RF field strengths, which may exceed guideline safe values especially if
used with antennas having appreciable gain. In this regard the use of directional antennas
with backscreens and a strict site rule that personnel must remain behind the screen while the
RF power is on, is strongly recommended.
Where the equipment is used near power lines, or in association with temporary masts not
having lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is
strongly advised.
H/book Number:-60-056100HBKMFCC
Issue No:-2
P B L Tunnel Units 1 & 2
Maintenance Handbook
Date:-04/01/2006
Page:-
9 of 63
Chemical Hazard
1.3
Beryllium Oxide, also known as Beryllium Monoxide, or Thermalox™, is sometimes used
in devices within equipment produced by Aerial Facilities Ltd. Beryllium oxide dust can be
toxic if inhaled, leading to chronic respiratory problems. It is harmless if ingested or by
contact.
Products that contain beryllium are load terminations (dummy loads) and some power
amplifiers. These products can be identified by a yellow and black “skull and crossbones”
danger symbol (shown above). They are marked as hazardous in line with international
regulations, but pose no threat under normal circumstances. Only if a component containing
beryllium oxide has suffered catastrophic failure, or exploded, will there be any danger of the
formation of dust. Any dust that has been created will be contained within the equipment
module as long as the module remains sealed. For this reason, any module carrying the
yellow and black danger sign should not be opened. If the equipment is suspected of failure,
or is at the end of its life-cycle, it must be returned to Aerial Facilities Ltd for disposal.
To return such equipment, please contact the Quality Department, who will give you a
Returned Materials Authorisation (RMA) number. Please quote this number on the packing
documents, and on all correspondence relating to the shipment.
PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, (P.T.F.E.) and P.T.F.E. Composite Materials
Many modules/components in AFL equipment contain P.T.F.E. as part of the RF insulation
barrier.
This material should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any
person feeling drowsy after coming into contact with P.T.F.E. especially dust or fumes
should seek medical attention.
Emergency Contact Numbers
1.4
The AFL Quality Department can be contacted on:
Telephone +44 (0)1494 777000
Fax +44 (0)1494 777002
e-mail qa@aerial.co.uk
H/book Number:-60-056100HBKMFCC
Issue No:-2
P B L Tunnel Units 1 & 2
Maintenance Handbook
Date:-04/01/2006
Page:-
10 of 63
2. OVERVIEW/SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
The AFL Fibre feed Amplifier for the Pasadena Blue line project is a 2 way on-band RF
amplifier. The primary application is as an interface between the fibre optical link from UNIT
ONE (Port 3 Downlink/Port 4 Uplink) and the tunnel antenna/leaky feeder system(Ports J3
and J4). There are two units, one designated ‘UNIT 1’, which is a fibre Tx or Rx with an
associated bandpass filter for each RF path, and ‘UNIT 2’ (a Bi-Directional amplifier) for the
frequencies in the 483-486MHz range.
Each unit is housed in an environmentally protected IP65 steel wall-mount case. Handles are
provided for carrying the unit and the door is fitted with locks. The unit interfaces with ‘N’
type female connectors for RF connections and heavy duty connectors for routing of AC
power supply input and alarm output wiring. Cable glands are provided for routing of the
Fibre optic cable in to the units.
The downlink signal path is as follows: The signal is received by a fibre optic receiver
located in unit 1 it is then split in to two paths using bandpass filtering for the frequencies
required. One downlink path is contained in unit 1 the other in unit 2. To provide the
required gain to reach the required signal levels, low-noise amplifiers (LNA’s) are used in
each path, these being followed by power amplifier modules to provide the required
intermodulation performance. The paths are then recombined using bandpass filtering (in unit
2) and are fed to the radiating cable. Gain adjustment is available locally using switched
attenuators.
Similarly the uplink path is taken from the radiating cable and spilt into the two required
frequency bands. One uplink path is contained in unit 1 the other in unit 2, again to provide
the required gain to reach the required signal levels, low-noise amplifiers (LNA’s) are used in
each path, these being followed by power amplifier modules to provide the required
intermodulation performance. The paths are then recombined using bandpass filtering and are
fed to a fibre optic transmitter. Gain adjustment is available locally using switched
attenuators.
To provide adequate selectivity in the Downlink and Uplink paths, combline design
duplexers are used at the input and output ports.
Note that “Downlink” refers to the RF path from FO receiver to the leaky feeder port and that
“Uplink” refers to the RF path from the leaky feeder port to either the FO transmitter or offair antenna.