Axell Wireless A207SERIES User Manual

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OMU

Optical Master Unit

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Optical Master Unit

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL

Optical Master Unit, OMU

Product Description and User’s Manual

This manual is valid for Firmware release version

 Common Commands and Attributes v 1.3.0  OMU Commands and Attributes v 1.0.0

translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Axell Wireless Ltd. The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are

adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues w hich may not be covered by this document. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services.

This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when usi ng them. The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of th e documentation i n the best way poss ible from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Axell Wireless sales representative.

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Table of Contents

Safety Instructions and Warnings.................................................................................................. 4

References..................................................................................................................................... 5

Contact Information....................................................................................................................... 4

Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................... 7

1 Repeater Technology................................................................................................................ 10

1.1 Basic Repeater Features .................................................................................................... 10

1.2 Software Overview............................................................................................................ 10

2 Product and System Description..............................................................................................12

2.1 Overview........................................................................................................................... 12

2.2 Building Blocks................................................................................................................. 16

2.3 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................. 24

2.4 Back Panel......................................................................................................................... 25

2.5 Radio Signal and Data Communication Paths................................................................... 26

3 Monitoring and Control........................................................................................................... 27

3.1 Software Features - Overview........................................................................................... 27

3.2 Network Nodes.................................................................................................................. 28

3.3 Fibre Loss Compensation and Master Volume..................................................................30

3.4 Alarm System.................................................................................................................... 31

3.5 OMU Heartbeat................................................................................................................. 43

3.6 Hardware Identification..................................................................................................... 51

3.7 ID and TAG....................................................................................................................... 51

3.8 User Access....................................................................................................................... 52

3.9 Integration into AEM ........................................................................................................ 53

3.10 Upgrading Firmware ......................................................................................................... 53

4 Installation................................................................................................................................. 54

4.1 Unpack the OMU .............................................................................................................. 54

4.2 Mount the OMU................................................................................................................ 54

4.3 Ensure Proper Grounding.................................................................................................. 54

4.4 Attach Cabling................................................................................................................... 55

4.5 Start-up the OMU.............................................................................................................. 59

4.6 Initiate Local Communication........................................................................................... 61

4.7 Configure the OMU........................................................................................................... 62

4.8 Set Up OMU-Repeater System.......................................................................................... 63

4.9 Balance the System ........................................................................................................... 66

4.10 Initiate Fibre Loss Compensation...................................................................................... 68

4.11 Set up Remote Communication......................................................................................... 71

4.12 Integrate into the AEM...................................................................................................... 82

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4.13 Installation Examples ........................................................................................................ 83

5 Maintenance.............................................................................................................................. 85

5.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 85

5.2 Preventive Maintenance.................................................................................................... 85

5.3 Product Disposal................................................................................................................ 85

6 Specifications............................................................................................................................. 86

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL

Safety Instructions and Warnings

Guarantees

All antennas must be installed with Lightning protection. Damage to power modules, as a result of lightning are not covered by the warranty.

Switching on AC or DC power prior to the connection of antenna cables is regarded as faulty installation procedure and therefore not covered by the Axell Wi rel ess warranty.

Safety to Personnel

Before installing or replacing any of the equipment, the entire manual should be read and understood. The user needs to supply the appropriate AC or DC power to the OMU System. Incorrect power settings can damage the OMU System and may cause injury to the user.

Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls attention to a procedure or practice, which, if ignored, may result in injury or damage to the system, system component or even the user. Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described conditions are fully understood and met.

Caution

This notice calls attention to a procedure or practice that, if ignored,

may result in personal injury or in damage to the system or system component.

Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until described

conditions are fully understood and met.

Safety to Equipment

When installing, replacing or using this product, observe all safety precautions during handling and operation. Failure to comply with the safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this manual violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and intended use of this product. Axell Wireless assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these precautions. This entire manual should be read and understood before operating or mainta ini n g the O M U Syst em.

Class 1 Laser

This product is equipped with class 1 lasers, as per definition in EN 60825-1.

Caution

Un-terminated optical receptacles may

emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam

or view with optical instruments.

Optical transmitters in the opto module can emit high energy invisible laser radiation. There is a risk for permanent damage to the eye.

Always use protective cover on all cables and connectors which are not connected. Never look straight into a fibre cable or a connector. Consider that a fibre can carry transmission in both directions.

During handling of laser cables or connections ensure that the source is switched off. Regard all open connectors with respect and direct them in a safe direction and never towards a reflecting surface. Reflected laser radiation should be regarded as equally hazardous as direct radiation.

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Electrostatic Sensitivity

Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures.

Caution

ESD = Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device

Semiconductor transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable performance when operated in conformity with their intended design. However, a semiconductor may be damaged by an electrostatic charge inadvertently imposed by careless handling.

Static electricity can be conducted to the semiconductor chip from the centre pin of the RF input connector, and through the AC connector pins. When unpacking and otherwise handling the OMU, follow ESD precautionary procedures including use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.

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References

References to standards apply as relevant to the repeater type being connected to the OMU. Please see respective repeater manual for details.

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Contact Information

Headquarters Axell Wireless

Aerial House Asheridge Road Chesham Buckinghamshire HP5 2QD United Kingdom

Tel: +44 1494 777000 Fax: +44 1494 777002

Commercial inquiries Web site Support issues Technical Support Line, English speaking +44 1494 777 777

Contact information for Axell Wireless offices in other countries can be found on our web site,

www.axellwireless.com

info@axellwireless.com www.axellwireless.com support@axellwireless.com

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Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms

AEM Axell Element Manager

A software tool for operation and monitoring a network consisting of Axell Wireless

elements such as OMUs and repeaters. ALC Automatic Limit Control BCCH Broadcast Control Channel BTS Base Transceiver Station, one part of a base station.

A base station is composed of two parts, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and a Base

Station Controller (BSC). A base station is often referred to as BTS.

The BTS is also sometimes called an RBS or Remote Base Station. Channel In all Axell Wireless documentation a channel is the same as a carrier. Channel

Selective Repeater

DL Downlink, RF signals transmitted from base stations to mobile radio equipment EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

GND Ground LED Light Emitting Diode LMT Local Maintenance Terminal LNA Low Noise Amplifier MS Mobile Station (e.g. mobile phone) MTBF Meantime Between Failures NA Not Applicable NC Not Connected NF Noise Figure NMS Network Management System

A repeater that operate on a specified channel within the operating band of the repeater.

The ability of a device or system to function in its intended electromagnetic

environment

Node In this manual a node is the OMU or a rep eater ODF Optical Distribution Frame, used for connection and patching of optical cables OMC Operations and Main tenance Center PSTN Public Service Telephone Network Repeater

RF Radio Frequency, 9 kHz – 300 GHz

A bi-directional Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier that can amplify and transmit a

received Mobile Station (MS) signal in the MS transmit band. Simultaneously it

amplifies and transmits a received Base Transceiver Station (BTS) RF signal in the

BTS transmit band.

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Designation Abbreviation Frequencies

Very Low Frequency VLF 9 kHz - 30 kHz Low Frequency LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz Medium Frequency MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz High Frequency HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz Very High Frequency VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz Ultra High Frequency UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz Super High Frequency SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz Extremely High Frequency EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz

RMC Repeater Maintenance Console

Software tool to monitor and control Axell Wireless repeaters. RS232 Serial interface standard RS485 Serial Interface standard SIM Subscriber Iden tity Module SMS Short Messaging Service SMSC Short Messaging Service Center SW Software UE User Equipment UL Uplink, RF signals transmitted from mobile radio equipment to a base station WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

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1 Repeater Technology

1.1 Basic Repeater Features

A basic feature of a mobile communication system is to transmit RF signals between base stations and mobile radio equipment.

When there is a blocking object, such as a mountain or a building, preventing the base station signal to reach the mobile equipment, a repeater can be used to extend the base station’s coverage area.

In the downlink path (from the base station to the mobile phone) the repeater picks up the signal in the air via a donor antenna, amplifies it and re-transmits it into the desired coverage area via a server antenna. In the uplink path (from the mobile phone to the base station) the repeater receives the signals from mobile transmitters in the covered area and re-transmits them back to the base station.

Donor antenna

BTS

Undisturbed transmission Obstacle creating a coverage hole

A repeater can work off-air, as the repeater in the example above, or be fe d ove r fibre from an optical master unit, OMU. The OMU taps the signal directly off a base station via a coupler, converts it to light and transmits it to a number of repeaters via fibre.

MS MS

BTS

Server antenna

Repeater

1.2 Software Overview

There are three types of software products; dedicat ed firmware for each Axell Wireless repeater or OMU, Repeater Maintenance Console (RMC) and Axell Element Manager (AEM).

1.2.1 Firmware

The firmware is the software inside the Control Module of the repeater or OMU. It is command line based, with simple SET and GET commands. A rich variety of commands is available to control and monitor all subsystems of the repeater from a normal VT100 terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal™. This also means that any standard laptop is able to control a repeater without additional software installed.

The firmware has three main tasks:

 Set and configure parameters in the repeater, such as channel numbers, gain, power levels, and different

report configurations

 Monitor and measure alarm sources, alarm parameters and repeater utilization  Send reports and alarms to the repeater OMC

Communication with the repeater or OMU can be performed either locally or remotely via a modem or Ethernet.

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1.2.2 The RMC, Repeater Maintenance Console

RMC is an online software program with an intuitive graphical interface that simplifies control and installation of the repeater or OMU. The RMC is a graphical shell for the repeater’s Control Module. It reads commands and attributes from the Control Module and displays them in an intuitive layout. This eliminates the need to learn commands and attributes for controlling the repeater or OMU.

Login can be made locally via the LMT port or remotely via a modem or via Ethernet. As soon as the RMC is connected it constantly polls the repeater or OMU for parameters such as power supply levels, in and out levels, temperature, traffic, etc. If the repeater is a slave type re peater, t he OMU ma nage s the data collection from the repeater.

The RMC program can be installed from a CD. It is a Windows based application that runs on Windows 2000 and Windows XP.

1.2.3 The AEM, Axell Element Manager

AEM is a complete operations and maintenance centre for Axell Wireless repeater networks. The AEM takes control of the repeater – or the OMU-Repeater system - once the installation at site is

completed. The repeater gets integrated into the network and will be controlled by the Element Manager. During integration all repeater parameters and statuses are downloaded into a database. The database is regularly updated with all incoming alarms and reports, and will hence contain a copy of the repeater configuration so that current repeater information will be accessible without setting up communication with the repeaters.

Communication between the AEM and the repeaters are message based. This m eans tha t the operator does not have to await message delivery, but will be informed when the message is delivered to the repeater

The Axell Element Manager is a Windows™ based application that runs on Windows 2000, Windows 2003 Server and Windows XP.

For more information please refer to the separate AEM User’s Manual.

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2 Product and System Description

2.1 Overview

The Axell Wireless OMU is a product used in combination with fibre fed repeaters. An OMU can be equipped to be used for frequency ranges from 88MHz to 2 170MHz.

An OMU’s basic function is to translate RF signals to light to be sent over an optical fibre, and vice versa.

 In the downlink direction the OMU picks up the signal from the base station via an RF coupler system,

converts it into an analogue optical signal and transfers it over a fibre optical cable to the repeater were it is translated back to RF and sent out via an antenna. An OMU can also be connected to a repeater. In that case the signal is tapped from the repeater’s server antenna.

 In the uplink direction the OMU receives the signal from the repeater via the fibre optical cable, converts it

to an RF signal and sends it back to the base station.

Server Antenna

Repeater

OMU

Directional Coupler

BTS

An OMU-Repeater system consists of one or more Optical Master Units, OMUs and one or several fibre fed repeaters. An OMU-Repeater system can be expanded to handle up to 24 repeaters, and cover a distance of to up to 20 km of fibre between the OMU and the most distant repeater.

Each OMU can be equipped with up to 6 fibre optic converters. If more than 6 repeaters are needed in the network there are two ways of expanding the system: link several OMUs together or use laser systems with three or four colors.

 Up to 4 OMUs can be cascaded and operate up to 24 repeaters as one system. When OMUs are cascaded

only one is equipped with a Control Module. This OMU is called an OMU Master and the other three OMU slaves. The OMU Master manages the OMU slaves as well as the connected repeaters.

FiberOptic Converters

Opto Fiber

BTS

RepeatersOMU Units

Four OMUs cascaded in one system

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 A laser system with two colors can operate one repeater for each fibre optic converter in a OMU-Repeater

system – one color is used for the uplink and one for the downlink. A laser system with three or more colors can operate two or more repeaters per fibre optic converter. One color is used for the downlink which is the same for all repeaters, and in the uplink each repeater has its own color.

The connection from one repeater to the next is done via so called add-drop couplers. The difference in distance between the repeaters and the OMU can be compensated for automatically.

OMU

1310

Add-drop Coupler

Slave 1

1550

Slave 2

1510

Two repeaters are connected to the same converter in the OMU via the same fibre but the wavelength for the uplink differs between the units. Slave 1: 1550 ± 3 nm, Slave 2: 1510 ± 3 nm. The downlink signal is the same for both repeaters.

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2.1.1 Access to the System

Important Generic Information

Axell Wireless repeaters and OMUs can be configured in three different ways as regards communication and control. They can be “stand-alone units”, “node masters” or “slaves”.

Stand-alone units do not control any other unit or take control from any other unit. All communication with a stand-alone unit needs to be made directly with the unit – either locally or remotely via a modem or Ethernet. Most stand-alone units are equipped with Ethernet and/or a modem for this purpose.

Node Masters keep track of the slaves that are connected to it. It is the single point of contact for alarm reports and for heart beats in the entire system, and communicates with the AEM. All configuration and control of all units in the network go through this Node Master. Most Node Masters are equipped with Ethernet and/or a modem for this purpose.

Slaves are linked to a Node Master and contain a slave interface allowing for a Node Master to communicate with the slave.

An OMU-Repeater system can be designed using repeaters that operate as slaves to the OMU or as stand alone units regarding communication, configuration, alarms etc. Either all communication is handled by the OMU that acts as a node master and the repeaters are slaves, or each repeater (and the OMU) handles this communications and reporting separately.

The most common configuration is the master-slave set up which has several advantages:

 All nodes can be reached from any node in the system. An operator can log in from any node in the system

and access all parameters in all nodes, including those in the OMU

 Only one modem is needed for remote communication and configuration of the whole system  Since the communication runs on the same fibre as the RF, this arrangement gives a reliable supervision of

the radio link. If communication between the OMU and a repeater is broken, an alarm can be generated immediately.

Several users at a time can be logged on to the system, for instance one locally via the RS232 interface and one remotely via modem or Etthernet. Only one user at a time can be logged in remotely.

Note! If the network has an OMU from an earlier generation

accessed via a local login to a slave repeater.

, there are some limitations of what can be

2.1.1.1 Local Access

Local access is achieved via an RS232 interface to the LMT port in the repeater or the OMU. This port is accessible on the front of the OMU and inside the repeater.

2.1.1.2 Remote Access

Remote access is achieved via modem or Ethernet. Different types of modems are supported, for example GSM, GSM-R, HSDPA/UMTS, TETRA, GPRS and PSTN.

The modem is either placed on the Control Module or as a separate unit. When cascaded OMUs are used, the modem is placed in the OMU unit that holds the Control Module. Ethernet connection is available on the Control Module.

The earlier versions of the OMU where called HUBs.

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2.1.2 SW for Configuration and Control

There are two SW tools for configuration and control of the Axell Wireless OMU-Repeater system. The RMC, Repeater Maintenance Consol and the AEM, Axell Wireless Element Manger.

 The RMC is an on-line tool that can be used locally or remotely for configuration and monitoring of all

parameters in the system. It is installed on a lap-top computer and holds pre-configured screens for each repeater type or OMU that shows the parameters live in a user-friendly manner. All parameters can be accessed and changed on-line. In the RMC there is also a terminal mode that allows for command based communication.

 The AEM is a tool for monitoring and control of a whole network. Data from the network elements are

collected at regular intervals and alarm information are sent to the AEM as they occur. All data are stored in a data base and can be presented in maps, reports and diagrams.

OMU

GSM, PSTN or TCP/IP

data connection

Modem

AEM or RMC for remote monitoring via modem or Ethernet

Repeaters

RMC for local access

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2.2 Building Blocks

The OMU is built in a 19” sub rack.

Modem Status

Modem Power

Status

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR UL

UL DATA

DATA DL

DL DATA

DATA

Ethernet

LinkOK

OUT 1

OUT 2

LMT Port

On Off

Out OK

In OK

On Off

Out OK

In OK

On Off

Modem ANT

DATA

OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

SC/APC

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

Rx Tx

SC/APC

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

Rx Tx

SC/APC

UL in

RF out

DL out

RF in

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

Rx Tx

SC/APC

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

SC/APC

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO OPTO

OPTO

PWR

PWR ERR

ERR

Rx Tx

SC/APC

PWRPWR

Battery Power

21 1 543 6 7 8

An OMU unit can contain the following modules:

1. Fibre Optic Converters (1 to 6 pcs can be installed)

2. Uplink (UL) Combiner and Downlink (DL) Splitter. These modules are always installed.

3. Modem Unit. This module is optional. This unit is used for modems that are not mounted on the Control

Module

4. External Alarm and Battery Module. This module is optional. This module is only used for Master OMUs

5. Control Module. This module is only used for Master OMUs

6. Rack Communication Board. This module is always installed.

7. Power Supply A and B (B is optional)

8. Modem Antenna Connection. This module is optional. This is used for OMUs with wireless modems

installed that need a separate antenna. This module can also be equipped with two connectors. For details, see section

2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection

In the next sections all modules are described in detail.

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2.2.1 Fibre Optic Converter

The Fibre Optic Converters are placed in slots 1, 2, 3 and 6, 7, 8. A Fibre Optic Converter translates back and forth between RF and optical signals. The optical signals are

analogue. Each module contains both an optical receiver and a transmitter. The optical signals for downlink and uplink are combined utilizing WDM technology (Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Hence only one fibre is necessary for the transmission to and from the repeater.

Each Fibre Optic Converter in the OMU works in parallel with a corresponding unit in the repeater which is linked via the fiber. A pilot tone can be sent between the Fibre Optic Converters in the OMU and the repeater to define the loss in the fibre. Based on this information the repeater automatically adjusts the attenuation to compensate for the fibre loss.

On the Fibre Optic Converter module there are six LED indicators; one for power status, one for error, two for the data communication and two for the RF signals.

PWR Indicates that the power is on

ERR

DATA

DATA OPTO

OPTO

PWR

ERR Indicates that there is something wrong in the module UL DATA Ongoing communication in the uplink direct io n DL DATA Ongoing communication in the downlink direction OPTO Rx Received signal on fiber channel OPTO Tx Transmitted signal on fiber channel

SC/APC

Fiber link connection

 UL DATA and DL DATA reflect the ongoing data communication  OPTO Rx reflects received RF signal  OPTO Tx reflects transmitted RF signal

The fibre connector is SC/APC. The connector house is SC, the connector type is APC.

Note!

Angled connectors, APC, need to be used throughout the whole link between

the OMU and the repeater. The angle needs to be 8 degrees.

Also the ODF connections need to be APC type.

The fibre must be monomode type.

Caution

Un-terminated optical receptacles may

emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam

or view with optical instruments.

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2.2.2 UL Combiner and DL Splitter2

The UL Combiner and DL Splitters are placed in slots 4 and 5. These two modules contain the combiners and splitters that combine and distribute the RF signals between the

OMU’s RF port and the Fibre Optic Converters. They also contain attenuators that are used for setting the master signal levels in the downlink and uplink.

Via these modules the RF in/out can be connected on the front of the OMU instead of the back, if needed. The connectors are QMA type. The modules can to be configured in two ways as shown in the illustration below.

DL out

UL in

DL out

UL in

DL out

UL in

RF in

RF out

RF in

RF out

RF in

Alternative 1

RF out

Alternative 2

Input to OMU

 In Alternative 1 the connectors on each module are linked and the input to the OMU is made via the N-

connectors on the back of the OMU. See also illustration below.

 In Alternative 2 the input to the OMU is made via the QMA connectors marked RF in/RF out.

Optional links

Fibre port

DL out

RF in

DL Splitter

RF out

UL Combiner

UL in

RF in

RF out

OMU front side

Fibre Optic Converter

Note! In the illustration above only one Fibre Optic Converter is shown. The other converters are connected in

a corresponding way. The configuration at delivery is Alternative 1.

OMU back side

In some cases, for specific needs, these modules can be designed in alternative ways.

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2.2.3 Control Module

The Control Module is placed in slot 9 or 11. Note! If there is a wireless modem mounted in the Control module it has to be placed in slot 11 to access the modem antenna. See section Connection.

2.2.8 Modem Antenna

The Control Module manages and controls the OMU and handles alarms. The Control Module

Modem Powe r

keeps track of all modules in the OMU based on their serial numbers. The Control Module collects data from active modules within the OMU such as Optic Fibre Converters and Rack Communications Board. The collected data is processed and if an error is detected the Control

Modem Status

Status

Module can send an alarm via a built in modem to an Operations and Maintenance Center (OMC). All alarms are also stored for later access via the LMT port.

The Control Module can collect the status of 4 external alarm sources connected to the External Alarm and Battery Module. The summary alarm status of the OMU and the whole system can be indicated via a relay port. This relay can be used to indicate to external equipment if the OMU-Repeater system is functioning properly.

LMT Port

The Control Module includes a Real Time Clock (RTC). The RTC keeps track of at what time alarms and events occur. This RTC has its own backup battery.

The Control Module can be configured in two different modes:

 Standalone Mode – the OMU only reports its own status

Ethernet

 Node Master – being a node master means that the OMU controls all slaves (repeaters)

connected to it and manages all communication to the AEM for the whole OMU-Repeater system.

2.2.3.1 Connectors

The Control Module contains a RS232 port used for local access to the repeater, the LMT Port. The Control Module has an Ethernet connection for remote access placed on the front panel. If the Control Module is equipped with a wireless modem, a SIM card holder is accessible on the front panel.

Note! The USB connector is not used in this version of the product.

The Control Module has four LEDs which give information regarding the status of the OMU.

If the OMU is configured for Ethernet communication the two LEDs Modem Power and Modem Status do not fill any function and can be disregarded.

Blue LED - Login

Red LED - Status

Quick flash Control Module switched on, someone logged in locally and/or remotely

Off (except for a quick flash every 10th second)

Off (permanent) Control Module switched OFF

Quick flash Control Module switched on, one or more errors/alarms detected

Off (except for a quick flash every 10th second)

Off (permanent) Control Module switched off

Control Module switched on, no one logged in

Control Module switched on, status OK

Modem Power

Modem Status

Status

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Green LED – Modem Power

Green LED – Modem Status

On Modem Power is on Off Modem Power is off

Flashing

(irregular)

75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off

75ms on/3s off

600ms on/600ms off

Off Modem is off

Depending on type of call: Voice call: Connected to remote party Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange of parameters while

setting up or disconnecting a call Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED

goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration in approximately 0.5s.

One or more GPRS contexts activated

Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No call in progress

No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress

2.2.4 External Alarm and Battery Module

The External Alarm and Battery Module is placed in slot 10. This module has two functions.

 It holds a rechargeable battery pack  It has plinths for external alarms and a sum alarm relay

2.2.4.1 Battery

The rechargeable battery pack will provide the Control Module in the OMU and the modem with enough capacity to send an alarm in case of an input power failure. This battery can be switched on and off with the switch on the front of the module.

2.2.4.2 External Alarms

Four external alarm sources can be connected to the External Alarm and Battery Module via the patch panels. These sources must generate a voltage between 12 and 24VDC. The presen ce or ab sence of this voltage will trigger the alarm depending on how the alarm thresholds have been configured. The module can also supply +15V to external alarm sources. The maximum allowed load on this supply is 100mA.

2.2.4.3 Relay

The module contains a relay that can be connected to an external device to indicate an alarm. The relay can be configured to trigger on any number of internal and external alarms. The maximum current through the relay is 100mA.

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2.2.4.4 Patch Panels

GND GND External alarm 1A External alarm 1B External alarm 2A External alarm 2B

Relay Output 1A Relay Output 1B +15VDC Output GND GND

External alarm 3A External alarm 3B External alarm 4A External alarm 4B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Battery Power

PWR

On Off

10 11

12 13 14 15

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

8 9

External Alarm and Battery Module with pin out for external alarms and relay

The external alarm wires are linked to the module via patch panels. These panels can be released from the module for easier access at installation.

The panels can be used for wires of up to 0.5mm

. To connect a wire, press the yellow lever with a pen or other

pointy item, insert the wire and release the lever.

2.2.5 Modem Unit

The Modem Unit is placed in slot 9 or 11. Note! If there is a wireless modem in the Modem Unit it has to be placed in slot 11 to access the modem antenna. See also section

The Modem Unit is used for modems that are not placed on the Control Module. This can be for instance PSTN modems or wireless modems with a form factor that prevents it from being integrated with the Control Module.

The access to a PSTN modem is via an RJ11 connector on the font of the module.

2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection.

PWR

RJ11 connector

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2.2.6 Rack Communication Board

The Rack Communication Board is placed in slot 12. This module serves as a communications link between the Control Module and the Fiber Optic Converters. The unit is also used when several OMUs are to be linked together. The cables for cascading OMUs are

provided by Axell Wireless in case these are needed. The connections are RJ45 . How to link the OMUs to one another is described in section 6 Installation.

There are three LEDs that reflect the status of the communication between the Control Module and the Fiber Optic Converters.

 UL DATA and DL DATA reflect the data communication that is ongoing between this module, the

Control Module and the Fibre Optic Converters.

 Link OK is lit when the communication between this unit and the Control Module has been established.

PWR Indicates that the power is on

PWR

ERR

ERR UL

UL DATA

DATA DL

DL DATA

DATA Link OK

Link OK

ERR Indicates that there is something wrong in the module UL DATA On going communication in the uplink dir ection DL DATA Ongoing communication in the downlink direction

IN OUT 1

Link OK Communication with Control Module established

OUT 2

RJ45 connectors

2.2.7 Power Supply

The Power Supplies are placed in slot 13 and 14. Each OMU unit is equipped with one or two power supplies. There are power supplies

for 115 - 230VAC 50/60 Hz and 24 - 48VDC. It is possible to mount two different power supplies (with different voltage) if they are

fed from two different sources. The power supplies works in parallel and are independent of each other.

Out OK

In OK

Out OK

There are two green LEDs on the Power supplies “Out OK” indicates that the power levels the unit is delivering

are OK

In OK

“In OK” indicates that the input power to the unit is OK

On Off

Each Power Supply can be switched off using the switches on the front panel.

Note! Even when the power supplies are switched off the OMU still has live power from the power input on the

back.

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2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection

If a wireless modem is installed din the OMU, an antenna is needed. Either a separate antenna is connected to the modem antenna port, or the connection is be made via a coupler connected to the RF input to the OMU. The latter alternative can only be used if the OMU runs on the same frequency as the wireless modem and is equipped with a duplex filter.

2.2.8.1 OMU without Duplex Filter

OMUs that are not equipped with a duplex filter and use a wireless modem has a modem antenna port to the rightmost side of the rack.

An external antenna can be connected to the “Modem Ant” port. The connector is SMA type.

Modem ANT

To external antenna

2.2.8.2 OMU with Duplex Filter

OMUs that are equipped with duplex filters and a wireless modem are of two kinds:

Alternative 1

The OMU and the wireless modem operate on the same band (for example an OMU for GSM with a GSM modem).

In this case the OMU will have two ports with a link between them.

 If the link is in place the modem will be

connected to the OMU’s RF in/out via a coupler. The coupler is either a separate unit or included in the duplex filter.

 If the link is removed an external

antenna can be connected to the top connector.

Modem

Modem ANT

ANT

Coupler

The wireless modem is linked to the RF in/out via a coupler

Modem

Modem ANT

ANT

Coupler

An external antenna is connected

To external

To external antenna

antenna

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Alternative 2

The OMU and the wireless modem operate on different bands (for example an OMU for TETRA with a GSM modem)

In this case the OMU will have one port where an external antenna can be connected.

The connector is SMA type.

Modem ANT

To external antenna

2.3 Block Diagram

An OMU can be configured in many different ways. These are two examples.

Example 1

In this example the OMU is fed from the back so the links on the UL Combiner and the DL Splitter units are mounted.

There is a duplex filter and therefore a combined RF in/out. The wireless modem, which is placed on the Control Module, is connected to the coupler in the filter via the

Modem Antenna Connection Module.

Digital Backplane

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Power

Module A

Power

Module B

Rack Com Board

Control Module

External Alarm and

Battery Module

OUT

DL Splitter

UL Combiner

Opto

Module

OUT

Opto

Module

OUT

Opto

Module

OUT

RF Backplane

Duplex Filter

To coupler for

modem antenna

RF in/out

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Example 2

In the example below there are separate inputs for Rx and Tx and no duplex filter. An external modem antenna is connected and linked to the modem on the Control Module.

External Modem A ntenna

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Power

Module A

Power

Module B

Rack Com Board

External Alar m an d

Control Module

Battery Module

OUT

DL Splitter

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

Opto

Module

OUT

UL Combiner

OUT

Digital Backplane

RF in/out

RF Backplane

2.4 Back Panel

An OMU with one RF in/out The inside of the back lid with two plinths for power

connections, a duplex filter and one RF in/out

The back panel of an OMU unit has a layout as illustrated above. The layout can vary depending on the configuration.

The connections are:

 Plinths for power connections are found on the inside of the back panel. There are two plinths. If two

modules with the same power feed are installed these plinths should be interconnected.

 Screw for earthing  N-connector for RF input. There is one connector if the Rx/Tx input is combined and two connections if

the Rx and Tx are to be fed separately.

To gain access to the plinths for power connections, duplex filter, optional attenuators and optional coupler the back panel needs to be opened. It is fastened with 4 screws.

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2.5 Radio Signal and Data Communication Paths

In the downlink the radio signal is tapped from a BTS using a coupler installed in series with the BTS’s antenna cable. The Fibre Optic Converter in the OMU converts the RF signal to an optical signal and sends it to the repeater over a fibre.

In the uplink the Fibre Optic Converter receives the optical RF signal from the repeater, converts it to electrical RF signal and sends it to the BTS. The signal is transferred to the antenna cable using a coupler.

The Control Module in the OMU monitors all units in the OMU. The Control Module also monitors and controls the repeaters (if they are set up as slaves). The data

communication with the repeaters is handled over the same fibre as the RF signals.

Coupler

BTS

OMU

RF + data

Optical In/Out

Repeater

RFORF

Server Antenna

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3 Monitoring and Control

The Optical Master Unit, OMU as well as the whole OMU-Repeater system can be accessed locally on site through a Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) port on any of the units in the system, or remotely via modem or Ethernet.

When an RS232 cable is plugged in to the LMT port or a remote access has been established, there are two options for communication; terminal mode or RMC mode.

 Terminal mode is accessed by using a terminal emulation software, such as HyperTerminal™ or MiniCom

(Linux/Unix) Settings should be AN SI o r VT100 emulation, baud rate 9600, 8 data bits , 1 st op bit , N o parity and No flow control. A simple command language is used to control the repeater in th is mode.

 Repeater Maintenance Console (RMC) mode allows configuration and control of the repeater via a user

friendly Windows software.

Note! All instructions in this chapter assumes that the OMU is controlled using the Repeater Maintenance

Console, RMC. For terminal mode commands please refer to the documents “Common Commands and Attributes” and “OMU

Commands and Attributes” which contain detailed description of all attributes and commands.

Firmware Documentation Structure

The documents “Common Commands and Attributes” and “OMU Commands and Attributes” together describe all functionality in the OMU. The Common part contains functionality that is common for all Axell Wireless repeaters as well as the OMU, and the OMU part contains functionality that is specific for the OMU. For repeaters there are corresponding documents available.

Help Functions

When being logged in to a unit using the terminal mode the command

HELP

lists all attributes and their modes of operation and displays them in alphabetic order on the screen. Further help regarding specific commands can be obtained by typing

INF <command>

The INF attribute gives detailed information about a specific attribute.

3.1 Software F eatures - Overview

The firmware in the Control Module controls and monitors all parameters in the unit. If the OMU is configured as a node master it also handles alarms and heartbeats from slave repeaters connected to it. Statuses and measured levels can be read online via the RMC. This includes for instance voltage levels, RF-levels and temperatures.

In the event of a failure, an alarm is logged in the OMU. If the OMU is intergraded in the AEM, the alarm is also transmitted to the AEM. The OMU can be configured to handle alarms concerning a number of different parameters. Each alarm can also be individually configured in a number of ways. The OMU stores approximately 2 000 alarms in a local alarm log. The data stored regarding each alarm is the time at which an alarm occurred and the alarm information which consists of alarm source, alarm severity, alarm attributes and in some cases an additional alarm description.

On regular intervals, the OMU can send a heartbeat report to the AEM to confirm that the unit is functioning. The heartbeat message contains information about the RF-configuration and the alarm sources. It ensures that the data communication from the OMU to the AEM is working properly. The latest 2 000 heartbeats (approximately) are stored in a log.

The Control Module contains a battery backed-up real time clock, which will stay active even during a power failure. The real time clock is used for instance to keep track of when an alarm occurred, when to retransmit an alarm and at what time of the day to send traffic report to the AEM. If the OMU is controlled by the Axell

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Element Manager, the AEM will automatically time synchronize repeaters, to ensure that the time is always set correctly in the entire repeater network. Slave repeaters are synchronized from the OMU.

3.2 Network Nodes

Note! The description in this section is based on a master-slave set-up of the system, where the OMU is the

node master and the repeaters are the slaves. An Axell Wireless OMU-Repeater system consists of an OMU and a number of remote nodes (repeaters)

connected to the OMU unit via fibre. During software setup of the system, all nodes installed in the system are configured in the Control Module. Hence, the node master contains a list of all the repeaters in the system. Once a node is added to the system, it is also written to all the nodes installed. This means that all nodes in the repeater system have information about all other nodes, allowing for a very good overview of the entire repeater system no matter what node the repeater system login is made from.

3.2.1 Node Identification

All nodes have a unique address within the system. This address is based on the serial number of the node. When the system is installed to the Axell Element Manager, the node master unit is assigned a unique repeater ID within the AEM database.

This number is on the form:

XX-YY-ZZZZ

where XX is the AEM installation number within the network YY is the region number within the AEM-system ZZZZ is the site installation number

Within the repeater system, all slave nodes (repeaters) are given a unique ID, based on the AEM assigned ID. The nodes share the XX-YY- part of the master ID, but the ZZZZ is replaced by the node’s serial number.

Example:

If the node master’s ID is 17-42-4711 and the serial number for a node in the system is 23BJ. The node’s ID will be 17-42-23BJ.

3.2.2 Node Addressing Modes

When logging in to the OMU-repeater system, it is possible to view information about any of the nodes in the system, as long as they are added to the node list. All nodes can be addressed in four different ways, all starting with the @-sign.

Numeric Addressing

Each node in the network gets a unique ID-number in the Node List as they are added to the system. Node 0 is always the master node.

Addressing is on the format:

K from 0 to N where N is number of nodes Reading a parameter from node 3 is entered as:

AVITEC AB> @3 GET ATD 14

Serial Number Addressing

A node can be accessed using the serial number of the node.

Example:

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AVITEC AB> @2J34 GET MDL BSF424-I AVITEC AB>

Node ID Addressing

A node can also be addressed using the full Node ID.

Example:

AVITEC AB> @01-01-2J34 GET TAG SITE3_TUNNEL_OPENING AVITEC AB>

Direct Node Addressing

When many attributes are intended for another node, the user can enter Direct Node Access mode, where the node the user is logged in redirects all commands to the destination node. This mode is configured by sending the command:

SET DNA [Node Address]

where any of the node addressing modes can be used as Node Address. When going into direct node addressing, the command prompt is changed to reflect what node is currently

addressed:

AVITEC AB> SET DNA 2J34 AVITEC AB @2J34>

Refer to attribute DNA in OMU Command and Attribute Summary for further details on direct node addressing.

3.2.3 System Wide Parameters

System Wide Parameters are parameters that when configured should be written to all nodes in the system. When setting a system wide parameter, the parameter is always set in the node master, which is then responsible for setting the parameter to all other nodes. If attempting to set a system wide parameter from a node as access to the node master is not available, setting the parameter will fail.

The following “standard” parameters are treated as system wide parameters (please refer to OMU Command and Attribute Summary for details):

LMT Local Maintenance Terminal timeout TIM Setting the time DAT Setting the date TPD Setting the time for sending traffic / utilization report to the AEM UID User ID’s PWD Passwords RID Repeater ID

In slave repeaters the OMU is responsible for the communication with the AEM.

3.2.4 Node Access

An operator can login to the OMU-Repeater system from any node in the network and access all parameters in all nodes, including those in the node master unit. This can be done using a serial cable connected to the node’s LMT-port or by remote access over a modem or Ethernet.

Select “System Nodes”

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Node detailes: number, ID, Model

Node name

Node status

Select a node by clicking on The OMU unit polls the connected repeaters / nodes regularly and keeps control of login requests. If a user at a

repeater site wants to log in to the system, the OMU Control Module is responsible for granting / denying the login request. If a user forgets to log out from the node when a session is finished, the system will automatically log the user out after a configurable number of minutes of inactivity.

. The RMC will connect to the selected node.

3.3 Fibre Loss Compensation and Master Volume

The OMU has a master attenuation that can be set in downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) separately. This attenuation is useful for balancing of the whole system. See section information about this feature.

Each fibre optic link in the system will induce a loss. This loss will also differ in magnitude from one link to another since the distances between each repeater and the OMU is different. The Axell Wireless OMU-repeater system can automatically calculate this loss, compensate for the loss in each link and by that also balance the system.

4.9 Balance the System for more

This is accomplished by using a pilot tone of a well defined level which is sent from the master node to the slave and vice versa. The received level of the pilot tone is measured and the loss is calculated. The Fibre Optic Converter is automatically adjusted to compensate for the loss. The adjustment is made towards a target value which means that the system will be balanced, i.e. all fibers will appear to have the same loss. The maximum compensation is 10dB which equals an unbroken fibre distance of 20 km. For each connection in the link (for instance at the ODF) approximately 0.5 dB of loss will have to be added.

The loss compensation function is activated as the system is set up. Please see section Repeater System. Each time the system has been changed or fib res ha ve been exc ha ng e d or moved for some reason, it is recommended to re-activate this function.

Note!

If the OMU is connected to repeaters of an earlier release that has a fibre optic convert of the type in the photograph, the Fibre optic loss cannot be measured with this command.

4.8 Set Up OMU-

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3.4 Alarm System

The OMU monitors a number of parameters to see that the unit works as intended. Furthermore, the Control Module constantly polls all the nodes for new alarms. If a new alarm is detected, it is stored in the OMU alarm log. If the OMU is integrated to the Axell Element Manager, the OMU dials up the AEM using the built in modem and delivers the alarm.

3.4.1 Alarm Sources

Temperature Related Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

Temperature TEM Measures the temperature in the Control Module. Temperature too high or

too low

Radio Board Temperature

RBT Measures the temperature on the Rack

Communication Board or Fibre Optic Converter

Temperature too high or too low

Power Related Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

Power Supply 1 PW1 Measures the +28V generated by the re peat er ’s

power supply.

Power Supply 2 PW2 Measures the +15V generated by the re peat er ’s

power supply.

Power Supply 3 PW3 Measures the +6.45 V generated by the repeater’s

power supply

Power Supply 4 PW4 Measures the backed up +6.45 V in rack 1

generated by the repeater’s power supply

Battery Level BAT Measures the power level in the battery Level too high or too

Level too high or too low

low

Communication Related Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

Communication with Active Devices

Node Communication Status

EEPROM CRC Check In Active Devices

COM Detects errors in the communication between

Control Module and Rack Communication Board/Fibre Optic Converter

NCO Detects error in the communication between the

Control Module and slave repeaters

CRC Controls checksum in Radio Communication

Board and Fibre Optic Converter

Errors in the communication

Checksum wrong

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Opto Related Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

Received Optical Level

Transmitted Optical Level

Synthesizer Pilot Tone Generator

Input Signal Level Downlink

RXO Measures the received optical signal level Optical signal level too

low

TXO Measures the transmitted optical signal level No transmission

SZP Measures the pilot tone frequency

ILD Measures the signal level in to the fibre optic

converters in the downlink

Error on pilot tone

Signal level too low (default setting) or too high (can be reconfigured to use an upper threshold)

User Related Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

Valid Login to repeater

User logged out from repeater

Changes made by logged in user

VLI Detects a login to the unit, either locally or via

remote connection.

LGO Detects a logout from the repeater. A logout

CLR Detects all changes made to repeater settings by a

user logged in to the repeater.

A successful login

Changes made by a user

Firmware upgraded FWU Detects when a successful firmware upgrade has

been made

Firmware Upgrade Failure

FWF Detects failure in the upgrade Upgrade failed

Upgrade successful

User Administration Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

User Added UAD Detects when a user is added to the system User added User Deleted UDE Detects when a user is deleted from the system User deleted User Promoted UPM Detects when a user gets escalated user privileges User promoted User Demoted UDM Detects when a user gets downgraded user

privileges

User Password UPW Detects when a password is changed Changed password

User demoted

External Alarms

Alarm Code Description Trigger

External Alarm 1-4 EX1-4 Monitors any alarm source connected to the

external interface.

Error from alarm source

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Relay Output for Sum Alarm

The External Alarm and Battery Module contains a relay output. The relay can be used to indicate the summary status of the OMU. Each alarm source can be configured to affect the relay or not.

3.4.2 Alarms and End of Alarms

When the Control Module detects a failure, an alarm is transmitted to the Axell Element Manager, informing the operator about the error condition. When the alarm has ceased, an end of alarm is sent to the AEM, stating that the alarm source is now OK.

Each “alarm” and “end of alarm” updates the AEM database with the latest status of the alarm source, ensuring that the AEM operator always has the correct repeater status in the system.

 To generate an alarm a number of consecutive measurements must first show an error state. This can be

configured for each alarm source separately.

 To generate an end of alarm only one OK measurement is needed.

Alarm level

Alarm is sent after three seconds above threshold

End of alarm is sent as soon as status is OK

Alarm threshold

Time

If an alarm should constantly toggle between OK and ERROR the communications interface might be blocked. To prevent this there is a parameter called Minimum Alarm Repetition Cycle. This parameter defines how many minutes must elapse before a new alarm can be transmitted from the same alarm source.

Alarm level

Initial alarm End of Alarm

Three minutes have elapsed and a new alarm is transmitted

Alarm Threshold

Minimum alarm repetition

Time

This illustration shows an alarm source with an upper threshold, and a fluctuating level around the alarm threshold. The initial alarm will be sent as indicated. The next alarm will be transmitted after three minutes, when the minimum alarm repetition period has elapsed.

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Set Minimum Alarm Repetition Cycle

Select “Configuration “ and “Reports”

3.4.3 Alarm Retransmissions and Acknowledgements

As soon as the OMU detects an alarm or an end of alarm, a connection to the Axell Element Manager is established and the alarm event is reported.

The 2 000 latest alarms and end of alarms are stored in the OMU’s local alarm log. In case an alarm is not acknowledged the alarm will be retransmitted to the AEM after a configurable number of minutes. Allowed values are 0 to 999. Default retransmit interval is 10 minutes.

The retransmission will be repeated a configurable number of times. This variable can be set from 0 to 99. Default number of retries is three

Set Number of Retransmissions and Repetition Cycle for Non-acknowledged Alarms

Select “Configuration “ and “Reports”

3.4.3.1 Alarm Acknowledgement using the RMC

Each alarm can be manually acknowledged using the Repeater Maintenance Console. However, if the OMU is controlled by the Axell Element Manager, a manual acknowledgement of the alarm means that the AEM will not be aware of the change in the repeater status.

3.4.3.2 Alarm Acknowledgement using the Axell Element Manager

If the OMU is integrated to and controlled by the Axell Element Manager, an alarm is considered acknowledged when the alarm has been delivered to the AEM. Once delivered to the AEM, the acknowledgement of the event is taken care of at the site of the AEM, why no dial-back needs to be performed to acknowledge the alarms.

3.4.3.3 Alarm Acknowledgement using SMS

Note! SMS functionality is not implemented in this SW release.

If the OMU is configured to send alarms using SMS, alarm acknowledgement can be made in two different ways.

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 the alarm is acknowledged as soon as the alarm SMS is successfully received by the Short Message

Service Centre

 the alarm is acknowledged by sending a special alarm acknowledgement SMS back to the repeater from

the alarm destination.

Set Acknowledgement Type for SMS Alarms

Select “Configuration “ and “Reports”

Pick one alternative from the drop-down menu

All alarms transmitted from the OMU contain a message number. Acknowledgement of an alarm is done by sending an SMS to the repeater containing this message number.

Note! Only the defined “Primary SMS address” can acknowledge alarms.

The table below displays the format of alarm acknowledgement messages.

Message field Format Description

Repeater ID XX-YY-ZZZZ ID of the repeater that the message is intended for Message number NNNNN Message number set by originator Command ACT Action command Argument ACK Acknowledge action Argument MMMMM Message number of the alarm message to acknowledge

The message fields are separated with blanks. For example, sending an SMS to the repeater with the text

01-42-4711 00242 ACT ACK 00023

will acknowledge alarm number 00023 from repeater 01-42-4711.

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3.4.4 Alarm Format

Each alarm transmitted from the OMU contains a number of fields, in detail describing the event that caused the alarm. The alarm is transmitted as an ASCII text string, each fi el d separat ed by a blank/white space.

Using the Axell Element Manager to control the OMU, the alarm string is delivered to the transceiver for further processing in the AEM system.

When SMS is used to control the OMU, the string is sent as clear text to the alarm address (main address).

Note! The SMS functionality is not implemented in this SW release.

Message field

Repeater ID XX-YY-ZZZZ 10 ID of the repeater causing the alarm. When monitoring the

Message # N 1 to

Message type ALARM 5 This text string identifies the message as being an alarm (or

Date DDMMYY 6 Day, month and year when the alarm was detected Time HHMMSS 6 Hour, minute and second when the alarm was detected Alarm Name CCC 3 Identifies the alarm type (e.g. PW1, SZU, PDL, etc) Alarm

Severity

Format # of

Description

char.

repeater using the AEM, this repeater ID is set by the AEM during the repeater installation phase. Using SMS, this repeater ID should be modified to uniquely identify the repeater in the network.

This integer value uniquely identifies this message from the

CC 2 Abbreviation for severity of the alarm. This severity varies

repeater and may be from 0 to 2147483648 (231).

end of alarm)

between the different alarm sources. CR = critical

MA = major MI = minor WA = warning CL = cleared

When an and of alarm is sent, the severity is CL = cleared

Alarm Class CC 2 Abbreviation for kind of alarm

CO = communication alarm EN = environmental alarm QS = quality of service alarm PR = processing alarm

EQ = equipment alarm Status C 1 This status identifier is 0 if end of alarm and 1 if alarm. Hardware

Enumeration Position

Identifier

Additional text

CCCC 1 to 5 Denotes what hardware module the alarm originates from. If

not used, a '-' (dash) is replied.

CCCCCCCCCC CC

<Text> 60 This quoted string contains additional alarm information, such

1 to 12

Gives detailed information about certain alarm sources. For

some alarms, such as VLI, LGO and CLR, this may contain

user information. If not used, a '-' (dash) is replied.

as measured levels when the alarm condition was detected.

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3.4.5 Alarm Class

Each alarm belongs to a class.

Class Description

CO communications QS quality of service PR software or processing EQ hardware equipment EN environment (enclosing or surrounding equipment)

All alarms are configured to a class at delivery but can be changed by the user. The external alarms do not have a classification at delivery, but can be set by the user.

3.4.6 Alarm Severity

Alarms can be of five different severity levels.

Severity Level Description

Critical

Major

Minor

Warning

Cleared

The severity can be defined for each alarm source in the Alarm Configuration screen in the RMC. It is recommended not to change the default settings.

A critical error has occurred which affects the functionality of the OMU. This type of alarm requires immediate action.

A major error has occurred. This type of alarm should be invest i gat e d wi t hin a short time.

A minor error has occurred. This type of alarm should be i nvest i gated, but is not urgent.

Something has occurred that does not affect the operation of the OMU but may be important to notice. For example, someone has logged on to the repeater.

A cleared alarm. This is the end of alarm.

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3.4.7 Alarm Configuration

A number of different parameters can be conf i gu red for how the alarms are transmitted to the repeater OMC. Each alarm source can also be individually configured in a number of different ways.

Select “Configuration “ and “Alarms”

Alarm Class Severity

Sum alam Alarm transmission

to OMC enabled

Requires acknowledgement

Lower and upper thresholds

Seconds in error before an alarm is triggered

 Class – Each alarm can be linked to one of the following classes: Common, Quality, Process, Equipment

or Environment. The class is used when the information is presented in the AEM

 Severity – Each alarm can be classified regarding severity - Critical, Major, Minor or Warning

Note! It is recommended not to change the default settings.

 Enabl. – If this box is ticked the alarm is transmitted to the repeater OMC (AEM)

Note! This only affects the transmission of the alarm. The alarm is still measured, and corresponding alarm

status is still displayed in the repeater status screen and in the heartbeat reports transmitted to the repeater OMC.

 Ack. – All alarms will by default be transmitted to the repeater OMC (AEM) requiring acknowledgement

(the box is checked). Disabling this checkbox removes this requirement, which means that an alarm will only be transmitted once, regardless if an acknowledgement is received or not.

 Upper and lower thresholds can be set for some of the alarms. Please refer to BSR421 Command and

Attribute Summary for details on the usage of thresholds for each alarm source.

Note! The default settings should normally not be changed.

 Time – Defines how many seconds an alarm source should be in ERROR before an alarm is triggered.

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External Alarms

Four external alarm sources can be connected to the External Alarm and Battery Module. These can be for instance fire alarms or external door sensors.

The alarm sources must generate a voltage between 12 and 24 VDC. The presence or absence of voltage will trigger the alarm depending on how alarm thresholds have been configured in the controller software. Each alarm can also be given a unique name.

The external alarms can be set as “active high” or “active low”. As for all alarm sources a delay can be set that defines how many seconds an alarm should be in error state

before an alarm is generated To define names and polarity of the external alarms use the lower part of the Alarm Configuration screen.

Set the dip-switches to configure the external alarms

Give the alarms unique names

The external alarms can be given individual names of up to 19 characters. Click on Edit and insert the new names.

New name for external alarm 1

Sum Alarm

The External Alarm and Battery Module contains a relay output. The relay can be used to indicate a summary status of the repeater. Each alarm source can be configured to be affecting the relay or not.

Note! The relay status is never affected by the login / logout alarm parameters.

For installation testing purposes, it is possible to test the open / close function of the relay. This test procedur e closes the relay for 3 seconds, then opens it for 10 seconds, and finally closes it for 3 seconds before going back to original state.

The relay can be set to close or open to indicate an alarm. This can be changed by changing the polarity.

Click on Relay Test Relay polarity

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3.4.8 Alarm Monitoring

The alarms can be monitored via the RMC. Each alarm has an indicator on the screen that is either green or red. See also reference to section

Ensure online communication with the OMU

Control Module related alarms

Power supply related alarms

3.4.1 Alarm Sources.

Select “HUB Status” for this window

Control Module Related Alarms

EEPROM CRC, CRC Faulty checksum in Rack Communication Board or Fibre Optic Converter. Click

as well as all Fibre Optic Converters Controller Temp, TEM Temperature in Control Module too high or too low External Alarms, EX1-4 Alarm from external source

for information regarding checksums in all Rack Communication Boards

Power Supply Related Alarms

Power P1-4, PW1-4 +28VDC, +15VDC, +6,45VD and backed up +6,45 VDC too high or too low Battery, BAT Power level in battery too high or too low

Rack Related Alarms

Communication alarm Temperature alarm

Com, COM Error in communication between Rack Communication Board and Control

Temperature, RBT Temperature in Rack Communication Board too high or too low

Module

Fibre Optic Converter Related Alarms

Alarms for each fibre optic converter

Alarms for combiner and splitter units

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Com, COM Error in communication between Fibre Optic Converter and Control Module Received Level, RXO Received optical level too low Transmitter, TXO No detectable transmitted optical signal Temperature, RBT Temperature in Fibre Optic Converter too high or too low Pilot Tone Gen Synth, SZP Pilot tone frequency faulty Com, COM Error in communication between Combiner or Sp litter and Control Module Level after attenuator, ILD Signal level in to fibre optic converter too low (or too high)

System Node Alarms

Select “System Nodes” for this window

System node alarms

Node Communication, NCO Error in communication with slave (repeater) Status Summary status of slave repeater

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3.4.9 Alarm Log

The logged alarms can be viewed in an alarm log.

Monitor Alarm Log via the RMC

Select “Alarm Log” and “Alarm Log”

Message No

Date/Time

Description

Attribute/Alarm Source

Severity

Class

Alarm acknowledged

Acknowledgement using RMC

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3.5 OMU Heartbeat

The OMU and connected repeaters can be configured to transmit heartbeat reports to the Axell Element Manager, AEM with regular intervals. If the AEM does not receive a heartbeat report within expected interval, an alarm can be generated and displayed to the operator. In this way, the AEM is ensured that the communication with the OMU works as intended.

Each heartbeat contains a complete status report regarding the sending unit at the time of the report. This ensures that the AEM always has the correct status information even if some alarm reports should fail to transmit successfully.

When it is time for the OMU to send a heartbeat report, a connection to the AEM is established, after which heartbeat reports from all nodes in the repeater system is transmitted. This is the sequence of events.

 A connection to the AEM is established  All non-acknowledged alarms in the alarm log are transmitted  The OMU polls the heartbeat from all the nodes and transmits them to the AEM  Heartbeat is transmitted for the OMU unit  The OMU disconnects from the AEM

The heartbeat interval can be set from 1 to 1440 minutes. Setting the heartbeat to 0 disables the transmission of heartbeats.

Select “Configuration “ and “Reports”

3.5.1 Heartbeat Tasks

With the heartbeat reports, a number of tasks are carried out.

3.5.1.1 Ensuring OMU to AEM Communications path

By configuring the OMU to regularly establish a connection to the AEM, the functionality of the data communications path between the OMU and the AEM is verified. This ensures that for instance the alarms will be transmitted properly.

If an expected heartbeat is not received by the AEM, an alarm is generated to the AEM operator. Reasons for a heartbeat message failing to be delivered can be:

 No power – the OMU site might experience a power failure, and the battery backing up the Control

Module and modem is empty

 Failing modem communication – The modem might be broken, the modem antenna compromised or the

service down in the modem’s frequency area

 Broken link to BTS - If the link to the BTS has been tampered with, the OMU might not get adequate

signal to establish a connection to the AEM

 Failing BTS – If the feeding BTS for some reason goes down, the OMU will loose its network connection,

and hence fail to establish a connection to the Axell Element Manager.

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3.5.1.2 AEM Database Synchronization

The Axell Element Manager stores all OMU parameters in a database. This database is populated during the OMU integration into the AEM when the AEM downloads all the OMU parameters. If the AEM operator wants to monitor the configuration of the OMU, the parameters can be read from the database without having to connect to the repeater.

In case of an alarm, the AEM updates the database with the status of the alarm source. In case the OMU fails to deliver the alarm to the AEM there will be a discrepancy between the OMU configuration and the configuration in the database. For this reason, each heartbeat report contains all the relevant parameters and status of all the alarm sources in the OMU. This means that each heartbeat report will update the AEM with all status and RF parameters.

Note! Once the OMU is integrated to the Axell Element Manager, it is recommended that all reconfigurations

are made from the AEM.

Note! If a user logs in to the OMU making changes, as soon as the user logs out, an alarm will be transmitted to

the AEM informing the operator that a change has been made. When this alarm is received, the operator can initiate OMU synchronization where all OMU parameters will be updated.

3.5.1.3 Time Synchronization

Each heartbeat message transmitted to the AEM contains a time stamp of the local time inside the OMU. Upon reception in the AEM, the time stamp is compared to the Axell Element Manager time. If the difference between the OMU and AEM time is too big, time synchronization is initiated by the AEM, adjusting the time in the OMU. In this way it is ensured that an OMU integrated to the Axell Element Manager always contains the correct time information.

Note! If the time is adjusted by a user logged in to the OMU, once the user logs out, a heartbeat is sent to the

AEM to ensure that the time is correctly synchronized.

3.5.2 Heartbeat Format

The heartbeat report is transmitted as an ASCII text string, with a number of fields representing the status parameters, each field separated by a blank/white space.

Field Format Description # of chars

Repeater ID XX-YY-ZZZZ 10 Message no NNNNNNNNN 9 State STATE 5 Date DDMMYY 6 Time HHMMSS 6 BAT N Status of Battery Charge 1 COM-RCB NNNN Status of communication with Rack Communication Boards 4 COM-FO Rack 1 NNNNNN Status of communication with FiberOptic Modules in Rack 1 6

COM-FO Rack 2 NNNNNN Status of communication with FiberOptic Modules in Rack 2 6

COM-FO Rack 3 NNNNNN Status of communication with FiberOptic Modules in Rack 3 6

COM-FO Rack 4 NNNNNN Status of communication with FiberOptic Modules in Rack 4 6

CRC KLMNXYZ Status of CRC in the different modules.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with COM status for actual device.

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For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for RCB in Rack 1

Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 1

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 5

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 3

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 1

CRC for RCB in Rack 2

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 2

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 6

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 4

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 2

CRC for RCB in Rack 3

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 3

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 1

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 5

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 3

CRC for RCB in Rack 4

CRC for Rack 1 Slot 4

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 2

CRC for Rack 2 Slot 6

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 4

NCO

Byte 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 5

Byte 7

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 3

KLMNXY Status of communication with the node slaves.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with NON attribute to know how many nodes are installed.

For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

NCO for node 1

Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for Rack 3 Slot 6

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 4

NCO for node 2

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 1

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 5

NCO for node 3

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 2

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 6

NCO for node 4

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NCO for node 5

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

NCO for node 9

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

NCO for node 13

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

NCO for node 17

Byte 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

NCO for node 21

PW1 NNNN Status of 28 V Power Supply distribution 4

NCO for node 6

NCO for node 10

NCO for node 14

NCO for node 18

NCO for node 22

NCO for node 7

NCO for node 11

NCO for node 15

NCO for node 19

NCO for node 23

NCO for node 8

NCO for node 12

NCO for node 16

NCO for node 20

NCO for node 24

PW2 NNNN Status of 15 V Power Supply distribution 4

PW3 NNNN Status of 6.45 V Power Supply distribution 4 PW4 N Status of 6.45 V Backup Power Supply distribution 1 RBT

KLMNXYZ Status of board temperatures in the different modules.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with COM status for actual device.

For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RBT for RCB in Rack 1

Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 1

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

CRC for RCB in Rack 2

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 2

RBT for RCB in Rack 3

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 3

RBT for RCB in Rack 4

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 4

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 5

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RBT for Rack 2

RBT for Rack 1 Slot 6

RBT for Rack 2

RBT for Rack 2 Slot 1

RBT for Rack 2

RBT for Rack 2 Slot 2

RBT for Rack 2

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Slot 3 Slot 4 Slot 5 Slot 6

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 1

Byte 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 5

Byte 7

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RBT for Rack 4 Slot 3

KLMNXY Status of received optical level.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with COM status for actual device.

For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 1

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 2

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 6

RBT for Rack 4 Slot 4

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 2

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 3

RBT for Rack 4 Slot 1

RBT for Rack 4 Slot 5

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 3

RBT for Rack 3 Slot 4

CRC for Rack 4 Slot 2

RBT for Rack 4 Slot 6

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 4

Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 5

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 3

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 1

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 5

Byte 6

RXO for Rack 1 Slot 6

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 4

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 2

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 6

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 1

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 5

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 3

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 1

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 2

RXO for Rack 2 Slot 6

RXO for Rack 3 Slot 4

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

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SZP

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 3

KLMNXY Synthesizer in Pilot Tone Generator.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with COM status for actual device.

For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 1

Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 5

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 3

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 4

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 2

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 6

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 4

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 5

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 3

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 1

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 5

RXO for Rack 4 Slot 6

SZP for Rack 1 Slot 4

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 2

SZP for Rack 2 Slot 6

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 1

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 5

Byte 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 3

TEM N Status of Controller Temperature 1 TXO

KLMNXY Status of Optical Transmitter.

These values are Hex Coded, and should be used in conjunction with COM status for actual device.

For example, the Byte 1 status is sent as Hex ‘8’, which is extracted to

1000. Byte 1

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 2

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 6

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 4

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 3

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 1

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 5

SZP for Rack 3 Slot 4

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 2

SZP for Rack 4 Slot 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 1

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 2

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 3

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 4

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Byte 2

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 5

Byte 3

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 3

Byte 4

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 1

Byte 5

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 5

Byte 6

Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 3 Bit 4

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 3

EX1/EX2/EX3/EX4 NNNN Status of external alarm inputs 4

TXO for Rack 1 Slot 6

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 4

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 2

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 6

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 4

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 1

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 5

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 3

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 1

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 5

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 2

TXO for Rack 2 Slot 6

TXO for Rack 3 Slot 4

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 2

TXO for Rack 4 Slot 6

NON NN Number of nodes monitored. 2 RCH NNNNNN Repetition Cycle for Heartbeat reports 6

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3.5.3 Heartbeat Log

Recent heartbeats can be viewed in a log that shows details about the heartbeats. Each heartbeat event contains information from all nodes that are connected to the OMU. The first row is the

OMU itself and the following rows are the repeaters. The information follows the heartbeat format described in the previous section.

Select “Alarm Log” and “Heartbeat Log”

Message No

Node ID

Date/Time

Message

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3.6 Hardware Identification

An OMU contains a number of different modules. Some of these are active devices containing a micro controller, and some are passive devices.

The Control Module communicates with the active devices using a master/slave configuration, where the Control Module is the master and the active devices are slaves. Each active device uses its serial number as an address. A slave only replies to requests with the correct address information.

During manufacturing the OMU is configured with all the serial numbers of all the devices in the system. For passive devices, the article number of the device is added. Once the system is configured, the Control Module polls all the active devices for article numbers and production information as well as software versions and statistics of the active devices.

Via the RMC the full repeater inventory can be read, including statistics of the active devices. When a login to an OMU is made using the Repeater Maintenance Console, the RMC detects that it is an OMU

and adjusts the user interface correspondingly. The same RMC can be used also for all repeater types. Via the RMC basic information about the OMU configuration can be monitored.

Select “Configuration” and “Product”

General OMU information

HW devices installed

Active Devices installed

More detailed information regarding selected active device

Control Module information

3.7 ID and TAG

When the OMU is integrated into the Axell Element Manager the OMU is assigned an ID, which is a unique identifier in the repeater network. This ID is used by the AEM to keep track of the OMUs and repeaters in the AEM database.

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The TAG can be used to give the OMU a more logical name. If the Tag is set during site installation, this can easily be read by the AEM during AEM integration, giving the AEM operator a clear identification of the site.

The Tag can be locked so that the tag can not be accidentally changed from the AEM. Refer to section

4.7.1 Set OMU Name (TAG) for information about how to set the Tag.

3.8 User Access

Several users at a time can be logged on to an OMU, for instance one locally via the RS232 interface and one remotely via modem. There is one default user name and password defined for the OMU.

User Name Password

avitec AvitecPasswd

Note! Both the user name and the password are case sensitive.

The password can be changed and new accounts be added once a logon has been made. This is made in terminal mode. Please refer to the OMU Command and Attribute Summary.

A user will be logged out after a configurable number of minutes of inactivity. This time can be defined via the RMC.

3.8.1 Configure Automatic Logout

Select “Configuration” and “Communication”

Note! A password for the OMU‘s communication with the AEM can be set in the box above but it is

recommended that it is done from the AEM, and NOT from here.

3.8.2 User Access in a Network Application

An operator can login to the system from any node in the network and access all parameters in all nodes, including those in the Node Master unit. This can be done using a serial cable connected to the node’s LMTport or by remotely over a modem or via Ethernet.

In an OMU-Repeater system with slave-type repeaters the OMU unit polls the connected repeaters / nodes regularly and keeps control of login requests. If a user at a repeater site wants to log in to the repeater system, the OMU Control Module is responsible for granting / denying the login request. If a user forgets to log out from the node when a session is finished, the system will automatically log the user out after a configurable number of minutes of inactivity.

All nodes contain a copy of all user accounts (username and password). These are updated as soon as there is a change or at system start-up.

All configuration and changes of this information needs to be made when the node has connection with a master. A node in stand alone mode cannot change the username or password.

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3.9 Integration into AEM

When the OMU has been installed at site and the remote communication has been enabled the OMU can be integrated to the Axell Element Manager. This is done by the operator of the AEM. After entering the telephone number to the OMU, the AEM dials up the OMU, downloads all the OMU parameters and statuses into a database. When all parameters have been downloaded, th e AE M configures the OMU with the telephone number where alarms and reports should be sent, and optionally with a secondary telephone number where the OMU can dial in case connection to primary number fails.

When heartbeat reports and alarms are sent from the OMU to the AEM also the latest information about the status and RF-configuration is included. This means that the AEM operator always has information about the current status in the AEM database (and do not need to call the repeater to find this out).

Note! Once the OMU is integrated to the AEM, all changes to the OMU should preferably be done from the

Axell Element Manager in order to ensure that the database always contains correct information.

3.10 Upgrading Firmware

The firmware can be upgraded via a terminal emulation program or z-modem protocol. For instructions please see Common Command and Attributes, section 15 Firmware Upgrade.

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4 Installation

4.1 Unpack the OMU

Unpack the OMU

Inspect the shipped material before unpacking the equipment, document any visual damage and report according to routines.

A delivery of an OMU from Axell Wireless contains:

 Checklist with delivered items  OMU  CD containing RMC and User’s Manual  Any other specifically ordered item

4.2 Mount the OMU

The OMU is designed to be mounted in a 19” sub rack. Above the OMU a fiber guide unit can be mounted to support the fibers as they are run from the front of the

OMU to the back side of the rack. This unit is 1 HU.

4.3 Ensure Proper Grounding

Connect the grounding protection

Ensure that good grounding protection measures are taken to create a reliable OMU site. Make sure to use adequately dimensioned grounding cables.

The antenna cabling should be connected to ground ever y 10m by a reliable grounding kit.

Make sure the grounding product used is suitable for the kind and size of cable being used.

Connect the OMU ground bolt to the same ground.

Ground

Ground connector on OMU

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4.4 Attach Cabling

Supply Power to the OMU

The power feed to the OMU is attached via plinths found on the inside of the back

cover.

Power connection plinths

Each OMU unit can be equipped with one or two power supplies. Either two of the same type or two of different voltage.

There are power supplies for 115 - 230VAC 50/60 Hz and 24 - 48VDC. .

Note! Be careful to get the polarity right.

Each Power Supply can be switched off using the switches on the front panel.

Caution!

Even if the power supplies are switched off the OMU still has live

power from the power input on the back.

Connect the OMU to the BTS or to the repeater.

Attach the coupler The OMU is connected to the BTS or the repeater via a directional coupler.

The connector for the uplink and the downlink connector are N-type and placed on

the back panel of the OMU.

Example of directional coupler from Avitec

The coupler is connected in series with the BTS antenna or the repeater’s server antenna. J1 and J2 are connected in-between the unit and the antenna. It makes no difference which side is connected to which.

J3 or J4 is connected to the OMU unit. If J1 is connected to the donor unit (BTS or repeater) J3 is to be connected to the OMU. If J2 is connected to the donor unit; J4 is to be connected to the OMU.

Caution

The connector not used (J3 or J4) must be capped to prevent

ingression of dust and water.

 J3 and J4 are N-type connectors  J1 and J2 are 7/16 connectors

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A Band Selective Filter can be installed between the coupler and the antenna to prevent signal disruptions from the OMU.

Connect the modem If the OMU is equipped with a wireless modem an antenna for the modem is

necessary. This can be realized either via a separate antenna or via a coupler on the RF in/out port in the OMU.

The coupler can only be used if the OMU runs on the same frequencies as the modem and the Rx/Tx is combined (there is a duplex filter).

The separate antenna is plugged in to the Antenna connector on the far right end of the OMU. The connector is SMA.

If the OMU is equipped with a PSTN modem the connector is placed in the Modem Unit. The connector is RJ11

The Ethernet connection is placed on the Control Module. The connector is RJ45.

Connect the fibers The fibre connectors on the Fibre Optic Converters are SC/APC type.

Note!

Angled connectors, APC, need to be used throughout the whole link between

the OMU and the repeater. The angle needs to be 8 degrees.

Also the ODF connections need to be APC type.

The fibre must be monomode type.

The fibre from each Fibre Optic Converter is connected to an ODF (Optical Distribution Frame) unit. The ODF is a cross connection for fibre cabling. At the site of the repeater, there is also an ODF for further connection to the repeater.

Note! Be careful with the fibers. They cannot be bent too sharply. Make sure there

is enough room to safely close the door of the sub rack. Clean the fibers before they are connected. See instruction below.

Caution

Un-terminated optical receptacles may

emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam

or view with optical instruments.

Cleaning Optical Connectors

Optical reflections from a discontinuity such as a poor connector interface appear on an RF spectrum analyzer trace as stable variations in the noise floor amplitude that are periodic with RF frequency. If the reflection is bad enough, it could impact the system performance. By far, the most common cause for a large discrete reflection is a dirty optical connector. A bit of dust or oil from a finger can easily interfere with, or block this light. Fortunately, it is very easy to clean the connector.

Be sure to use the correct procedure for the given connector. When disconnected, cap the SC/APC connector to keep it clean and prevent scratching the tip of the ferrule.

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Alternative 1 Swipe the tip of the ferule 2-3 times

with a cotton swab soaked in alcohol. Let it air dry.

Alternative 2 Use a product specially designed for

the purpose.

Connect external alarms

Four external alarm sources can be connected to the External Alarm and Battery

Module via the patch panels. These sources must generate a voltage between 12 and 24VDC. The presence or absence of this voltage will trigger the alarm depending on how the alarm thresholds have been configured. The module can also supply +15V to the external alarm sources. The maximum allowed load on this supply is 100mA.

The External Alarm and Battery Module contains a relay that can be connected to an external device to indicate an alarm. The relay can be configured to trigger on any number of internal and external alarms. The maximum current that can be run through the relay is 100mA.

The external alarm wires are linked to the module via patch panels. These panels can be released from the module for easier access at installation. The panels can be used for wires of up to 0.5 mm

. To connect a wire, press the yellow lever with a

pen or other pointy item, insert the wire and release the lever.

GND GND External alarm 1A External alarm 1B External alarm 2A External alarm 2B

Relay Output 1A Relay Output 1B +15VDC Output GND GND

External alarm 3A External alarm 3B External alarm 4A External alarm 4B

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Battery Power

PWR

On Off

1 2 3 4 5

6 7

9 10 11

12 13 14 15

Cascade connection of OMUs

If several OMUs are to be cascaded, the links between the OMUs are managed via

the Rack Communication Boards in each unit. The connections are made via straight Ethernet cables with RJ45 connectors.

These cables can be provided by Axell Wireless in configurations where they are needed.

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OMU 1

OUT 1 OUT 2

OMU 2

OUT 1 OUT 2

OMU 3

OUT 1 OUT 2

OMU 4

Link pattern for cascaded OMUs. OMU 1 and OMU 3 is on “bus “0 and OMU 2 and OMU 4 in on” bus 1”.

OUT 1 OUT 2

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4.5 Start-up the OMU

Caution!

Make sure the antenna cables or 50 ohm terminations are connected to the OMU’s antenna

connectors before the OMU is switched on.

Switch the OMU on

Switch on the OMU using the switches on the Power modules. The modules operate in parallel and are independent of each other.

Also switch on the battery. When the battery is switched on it will be recharged and ready to use when needed. If it is switched off it is not in any way operational.

Out OK

In OK

There are two green LEDs on the Power supplies “Out OK” indicates that the power levels the unit is

delivering are OK “In OK” indicates that the input power to the unit is OK

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Battery Power

PWR

Battery on/off

On Off

In OK

Out OK

On Off

Power switch

Caution!

Even if the power supplies are switched off the OMU still has live

power from the power input on the back.

Modem Power

Check Control Module LEDs

The Control Module has four LEDs which give information regarding the status of the OMU.

Status

Modem Status

If the OMU is configured for Ethernet communication the two LEDs Modem Power and Modem Status do not fill any function and can be disregarded.

Blue LED - Login

Quick flash Control Module switched on, someone logged in

Off (except for a quick flash Control Module switched on, no one logged in

locally and/or remotely

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every 10th second)

Red LED - Status

Green LED – Modem Power

Green LED – Modem Status

Off (permanent) Control Module switched OFF

Quick flash Control Module switched on, one or more

Off (except for a quick flash every 10th second)

Off (permanent) Control Module switched off

On Modem Power is on Off Modem Power is off

errors/alarms detected

Control Module switched on, status OK

Depending on type of call: Voice call: Connected to remote party Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange

of parameters while setting up or disconnecting a call

Flashing

(irregular)

75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off

75ms on/3s off

600ms on/600ms off

Off Modem is off

Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration in approximately 0.5s.

One or more GPRS contexts activated

Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No call in progress

No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress

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4.6 Initiate Local Communication

4.6.1 RMC Communication

Connect to the LMT port

Connect the computer to the LMT port on the Control Module via a DB9 male connector with serial RS232 interface.

The communication parameters are set automatically by the RMC

Select “Cable” connection and communication port

Enter user name and password

Several users at a time can be logged on, for instance one locally via the RS232 interface and one remotely via modem or Ethernet.

There is one default user name and password defined for the OMU.

User Name Password

avitec AvitecPasswd

Note! Both the user name and the password are case sensitive.

Note! Do not use the number pad when entering numbers.

4.6.2 RMC Work Views

There are three different work views to choose from in the RMC

Console Mode

The console mode displays a large number of repeater parameters and contains a number of console pages. It adjusts its user interface to adapt to the features of the connected repeater.

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Terminal Mode

The terminal mode is used for communication with the repeater using its native command line interface. This interface follows the VT100 standard. For some special actions and error tracing, this mode gives an enhanced availability of the repeater.

Firmware Mode

The firmware mode is used for monitoring the currently installed software and for uploading new software to the repeater.

Note! This description is base d on usi n g the Consol work view.

4.7 Configure the OMU

4.7.1 Set OMU Name (TAG)

The TAG can be chosen freely to give the OMU a name that is linked to the location, the site name, etc. The TAG may contain up to 30 characters including spaces.

Select “Configuration” and “Product”

Insert the OMU’s name (TAG) in this box.

Note! The ID should

not be assigned from here. The AEM will do this automatically when the repeater is integrated in the system.

4.7.2 Configure Alarms

Please see section 3.4.7 Alarm Configuration.

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4.7.3 Configure Reports

In this screen the reports from the OMU can be configured. Select

“Configuration” and “Reports”

Heartbeat reports

Alarms reports

4.8 Set Up OMU-Repeater System

Install the repeaters Install the fibre fed repeaters. See the User’s Manual for the repeaters.

Install the fibers to the repeaters

Add all nodes to the OMU-Repeater System.

Make sure the fibre link between the OMU and all of the repeaters are working.

Make sure all connectors in the link have APC type connectors.

Select “System Nodes” Chose “Add node…” from the “Node” drop down menu.

Fill in the information for each repeater in the pop up window.

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Serial number The serial number consists of 4 letter and/or digits. It is

printed on the yellow label on the repeater

Bus number When OMUs are cascaded they run on different buses.

OMU 1 and OMU 3 is on “bus “0 and OMU 2 and OMU 4 in on” bus 1”. See

4.4 Attach Cabling.

Check the LEDs on the Fibre Optic Converters

Controller type Select the correct repeater controller based on the

illustrations

Baud rate The default value changes when the controller type is

selected. (Other values are also available for specific situations not described in this manual.)

Slot Assignment Tick the button that corresponds to the fiber optic

converter the repeater is connected to.

Note! To confirm an installation or to check the present

configuration select a fiber optic converter and click the button

If a repeater is

installed in this position the repeater serial number will be presented.

The Fibre Optic Converter contains two optical alarm sources. These are alarms for

transmitted and received optical signal level. There are 6 LEDs on the module to indicate the status.

Power

Power Error

Error UL Data

UL Data DL Data

DL Data Opto Rx

Opto Rx Opto Tx

Opto Tx

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LED 1, Power, Green

On Unit is powered on Off Unit has no power

LED 2, Error, Red

On Error detected Off No error

LED 3, UL Data, Yellow

Select HUB Status

On Communication via the opto module is ongoing in the uplink

direction Off No communication

LED 4, DL Data, Yellow

On Communication via the opto module is ongoing in the

downlink direction Off No communication

LED 5, Opto Rx, Green

On Input opto level OK Off Input opto level below threshold

LED 6, Opto Tx, Green

On Output opto level OK Off Output opto level below threshold

Check the levels of the received optical signals via the RMC

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4.9 Balance the System

To get an appreciation of the signal levels, a link budget should be prepared before the system is made operational. This is one example with a BTS at the OMU site.

Duplex Filter

Directional Couplers

Hybrid Combiner

BTS

Duplex Filter

Variable Attenuator

-1 dB

Additional OMUs in cascade

-8 dB

OMU

Loss in fiber cable

eoe

~10 km

Several parameters need to be considered in an OMU-Repeater installation.

Downlink Path

Fiber Fed Repeater

oeo

Repeater

Antenna or leaky cable

Variable Attenuator

Important is to feed the Fibre Optic Converters in the OMU with the right signal level in the downlink, position F above. This level should be close to -3dBm for optimal performance. It may not exceed +2dBm.

Link from A to F:

 Directional coupler (between A and B), normally 30dB attenuation  Hybrid combiner (between B and C), normally 2 dB attenuation  Duplex filter (between C and D), normally 1 dB attenuation  Variable attenuator in OMU (between D and E), can be set to max 21 dB in 3 dB steps  Splitter (between E and F), 8 dB attenuation

=> -30dB + -2dB + -1dB + -8dB = -41dB attenuation between A and F If the BTS has a +43dB output power the variable attenuator in the OMU can be set to 6, which gives an input

level to the fiber optic converters of -4dB. This attenuation is set in the box within the “Splitter” field, see below.

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Select “HUB Status”

Seet the attenuation in the downlink in this box.

The level in position F can be monitored in the RMC

Fiber Loss Compensation

Activate the fibre loss compensation in both the downlink (from the OMU) and in the uplink (from the repeaters) paths. See

4.10 Initiate Fibre Loss Compensation.

Uplink Path

In the uplink direction the system should be transparent, i.e. the signal level on the BTS input connector should be the same as the level on the repeater input connector.

Example

We assume an input level to the repeater of -70dBm h = -70dB The repeater gain is set to 57dB => g = -13 The loss in the fibre is 20dB RF (10dBo) => f = -33 The loss in the splitter and the duplex filter 9dB => c = -42 A 30dB directional coupler is used => a = -72 A level of -72 at the BTS is OK. If this level needs to be reduced the attenuator in the combiner can be set to

max 21 dB in 3 dB steps Select “HUB Status”

Seet the attenuation in the uplink in this box.

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Consider the noise situation

Another issue that needs to be taken into account is the noise figures. If several repeaters are connected to the same base station the aggregated noise level in relation to the signal level will become too high – th e sensitivity of the base station is decreased. A way to deal with this problem is lower the output power from the base station.

Note! If the output power is lowered the calculation above regarding input levels to the OMU needs to be

revised.

4.10 Initiate Fibre Loss Compensation

See section 3.3 Fibre Loss Compensation for information about this feature. Start with the OMU Chose “Actions/Perform Optical Loss Adjustment” from the drop down menu.

Go through all racks and all fibre optic converters one by one and initiate the compensation process

First chose the rack and then the fibre optic converter.

In an OMU that contains only one sub

rack – this rack is called “Rack 1” Additional sub-racks/slave OMUs that

are linked to the master OMU are named “Rack 2, 3 and 4”.

Each fiber optic converter is numbered

from left to right in each sub-rack.

For each rack/fibre optic converter please wait for the system to respond. The system will respond with a description as below.

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In the response above the Status is “OK” (6 lines from the bottom). If the system responds with an error message the fibre link need to be checked. If

there is nothing wrong with the link it is possible that the fibre loss is too big for the system to be able to compensate for it.

Note! Earlier

repeater versions

Go through all racks and all fibre optic converters one by one and initiate the compensation process.

If the OMU is connected to repeaters of an earlier release, which has a fibre optic converter of the type in the photograph, these commands will not work.

Instead a default value needs to be defined by using the command OLC.

Please see OMU Command and Attributes for more detailed information regarding this command.

The OLC value should be set to 6dB. This value ensures that the amplification value on the link will be 0dB at 0dB optical loss.

Example

SET OLC 1:2 6

Adjusts the attenuation in the fibre optic converter unit in rack 1, slot 2 to 6 dB. Go through all racks and slots that are connected to a repeater of this kind and send

this command.

Continue with the Chose “Actions/Perform Optical Loss Adjustment” from the drop down menu.

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repeaters

The system will respond with a description as below.

Note!

This command does not exist in repeaters with the earlier type of fibre optic

converters, equivalent to the note above regarding OLC. For these repeaters disregard this step.

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4.11 Set up Remote Communication

The OMU can be configured with a wireless modem, a PSTN modem or an Ethernet link for the remote communication.

4.11.1 Communication via Modem

The Control Module is responsible for enabling the power to the modem, unlocking the SIM-card, using the configured PIN-code and making sure the modem is logged in to the network correctly. Depending on network configuration and modem usage, the modem might require different modem initialization strings to work properly. This modem initialization string is set and verified during repeater setup.

4.11.1.1 Modem Initialization

After a power failure, or upon user request, the Control Module performs a full initialization of the modem. This consists of three steps:

 If the SIM-card in the modem has the PIN code enabled, the Control Module unlocks the PIN code. In case

wrong PIN-code is configured, the Control Module will not try to unlock the SIM again until the PIN-code is changed. This avoids the SIM card being locked by a Control Module repeatedly trying to unlock the SIM with the wrong PIN code.

 Once the SIM is unlocked, the Control Module waits for the SIM to log in to the network. Depending on

signal quality and network configuration this might take a while. The Control Module will wait a configurable number of seconds (default 50 seconds) for the modem to login to the network. In case no network is found, a modem power cycle will be initiated.

 When the modem is successfully logged in to the network, the Control Module configures the modem with

the modem initialization string as configured when setting up the remote configuration. The modem initialization string is a network dependent string. The default string is suitable for most networks, but some networks might require some tweaking of this string.

4.11.1.2 Monitoring Modem Connection

The Control Module constantly monitors the status of the modem connection to ensure that it is working properly, and that the modem is logged in to the network.

In case the modem is not registered to the network, or the Control Module cannot properly communicate with the modem, a power cycling of the modem is initiated, after which the modem will reinitialized.

4.11.1.3 Scheduled Modem Power Cycling

In addition to polling the modem to ensure the repeater online status, the Control Module can be configured to perform an automatic power cycling on a scheduled time of the day. Power cycling the modem ensures the latest network configuration for the modem, such as the HLR Update Interval etc.

Note! By default, the scheduled modem power cycling is disabled.

4.11.2 Communication via Wireless Modem

There are two different ways of communication for a wireless (GSM) modem:

 Using data call / modem connection.

Note! This requires the SIM-card in the modem to be configured with data service.

 Using SMS to configure the repeater with simple text messages

Note! SMS functionality is not implemented in this SW release.

The Axell Element Manager always uses data call communication with the repeater, why all repeaters being controlled by the AEM must have data service enabled on the SIM card.

Configuring the repeater to send alarms and reports via SMS it is still possible to establish data calls to the repeater, as long as the SIM card is data service enabled.

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4.11.2.1 Modem Configuration, not using GPRS

Select “Configuration” and “Communication”

Select Data Call

Initialization string

Connect times

AEM addressed are set via the AEM

2004-01-01

Select Data Call Set the modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary

recommendation is AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3. If remote communication cannot be established try 7,0,1 or 0,0,1 or 7,0,3. For more information please refer to the section on Troubleshooting Remote Communication.

Tick “Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling” for the modem to be power cycled once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network.

4.11.2.2 Modem Configuration, using GPRS

Select “Configuration” and “Communication”

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Select GPRS

Initialization string

Connect times

AEM addressed are set via the AEM

Configure GPRS

Select GPRS Set the modem initialization string. This string differs between networks. Primary

recommendation is AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 Tick “Enable Automatic Modem Power Cycling” for the modem to be power cycled

once every 24 hours. Set the time at which the modem should be tested. This function ensures that the repeater always is logged in to the network.

Click on Configure…

Each parameter is described in Common Commands and Attributes, section 14 GPRS Configurations.

Set the Access Point Name. It needs to be defined by the telecom operator

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Set Maximum Receive Unit and maximum Transmission Unit. These differ depending on access type: 576 for GSM, 1476 for EDGE and 1500 for WCDMA.

Click on Close, and then on “Yes”.

Wait for the modem to restart. This can take a few minutes.

When the modem settings are ready the LED turn green.

4.11.2.3 AEM Addresses

The Control Module can be configured with two different addresses (telephone numbers) to which alarms and reports are delivered. In case the repeater cannot deliver alarms and reports to the primary address, the next call will be made to the secondary address.

A fallback functionality is available, which means that the Control Module falls back to the primary address after a configurable number of minutes. If this interval is set to 0, the fallback will not be performed. A user can always force the Control Module to fall back to the primary address.

Note! When the repeater is integrated to the Axell Element Manager system, these addresses are set by the

AEM, why they need not be configured during site installation.

4.11.2.4 Modem Verification

When the remote configuration has been set up the communication can be verified using the modem feature of the RMC and dialling the data number. The remote communication is verified as soon as a successful remote login to the repeater has been performed.

However, as a first step, it is recommended to verify that the modem is initialized correctly. After configuring the modem using the RMC, make sure to initiate a power cycling of the modem. This is done from the RMC menu.

Click on the drop-down menu Actions, choose Power Cycle Modem on Logout

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An immediate power cycling is initiated after which the modem is initialized and registered onto the network. The modem is now ready for remote access.

Ensure a successful configuration by observing the modem LED as described below.

Note! This LED behaviour is valid only for GSM modems. Other modem types will be added in later editions.

Green LED – Modem Status

Verify the remote communication either by having someone attempting to integrate the repeater from the Axell Element Manager, or by dialling the repeater using the Repeater Maintenance Console.

On Depending on type of call:

Voice call: Connected to remote party Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange of

parameters while setting up or disconnecting a call

Flashing

(irregular) 75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off

75ms on/3s off

600ms on/600ms off

Off Modem is off

Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration in approximately 0.5s.

One or more GPRS contexts activated

Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No call in progress

No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress

Note! It is very important to dial the data number of the SIM. In case the voice number is dialled, the call is

answered, but almost immediately the call will be hung up.

4.11.2.5 SIM-card Using Single Numbering Scheme

If the network is configured using Single Numbering Scheme (SNS), some special considerations apply. The repeaters are by default configured so that networks using SNS always will have calls routed to the data

service in the modem. When dialling from within the network to a repeater having an SNS-configured SIM will operate normally, since the call originator informs the system that the bearer is of type DATA. However, when dialling from outside the network trying to connect to the repeater can be difficult. Depending on the interface to the roaming network or to the PSTN network if an analogue modem is used, the bearer type can default to voice. If the bearer is set to voice, the data service cannot be converted to DATA, and a call setup cannot be completed.

Note! This is not a repeater related problem; the solution is to verify how the external network interfaces

handles the VOICE vs. DATA bearer type.

4.11.3 Communication via PSTN (Fixed) Modem

Also for PSTN modems data call shall be used. Select

“Configuration” and “Communication”

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Select Data Call

Initialization string

Connect times

AEM addressed are set via the AEM

ATE0S0=0

2004-01-01

4.11.4 Communication via TCP/IP and Ethernet

A TCP/IP communication is run over a company’s network. Therefore each company needs to define the details regarding the configuration, IP addresses, etc. For more information please refer to Common Commands and Attributes, section 13 Network Configurations.

Select “Configuration” and “Communication”

Set IP address and other relevant information here

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In these screens the Ethernet and/or DNS Gateway parameters can be set

4.11.5 Troubleshooting Remote Communication

Since many networks have their own “personality”, performing first time configuration of the remote communication sometimes requires tweaking of the modem parameters.

This section describes some trouble shooting techniques if configuring the OMU for remote access fails.

ModemModem

Radio LinkProtocol (RLP)

BTS

LaptopLaptop

RS232

Interworking

Function Unit

(IFU)

Switch

Centre

Control Module in OMU

This illustration is a simplified schematic of the remote communication between a GSM module in an OMU and an analogue modem. The analogue modem in the computer communicates with the Interworking Function Unit (IFU), which is the GSM network analogue network interface. The call is routed via the switch centre over the air interface to the data call number in the SIM-card of the GSM module.

The Control Module is responsible for establishing connections with the Axell Element Manager, and to an swer incoming calls to the OMU.

As described in previous sections, the Control Module only accepts one login at a time, either via Local Maintenance port (LMT) or modem connection. Hence, when verifying the remote access of the OMU, it is important to log out from the OMU locally before trying to access the OMU remotely.

Direct Modem Access

To allow for advanced trouble shooting of the communications, it is possible to access the modem directly via the Control Module from a laptop computer.

LMT Port

RS232 cable

GSM Module

Control Module

LaptopLaptop

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Log in to the OMU, either with RMC, or with a terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal™. When the login is completed, select Terminal Mode, this will give access to the OMU command prompt in the same way as with HyperTerminal.

When the OMU prompt is accessible, type in the command

ACCESS MODEM <Enter>.

When typing ACCESS MODEM, the controller will send all the characters that are typed directly out to the modem port. All characters replied back from the modem will go directly to the LMT port and back to the computer.

To abort an ACCESS MODEM session, press three ‘-‘ in a row (all three within one second) to come back to the OMU command prompt.

Note! When accessing the modem port the modem might be configured with “echo off”, meaning that the

characters entered will not be echoed back to the screen. In order to enable “echo”, press Enter. Type

ATE1 <enter>

(invisible) The modem replies with

indicating that the echo is enabled. All characters entered will now be echoed back to the terminal program. Below is a list of handy modem commands for trouble shooting via Direct Modem Access. Please refer to the

modem manual for details on the commands below.

Command Description

ATE1 Enables the echo between the modem and the Control Module. ATDT<Telephone Number> Causes the modem to dial <Telephone Number>. This can be used to verify that the modem correctly

ATA Answer incoming call ATH Hang up call. Note, if being online to the remote peer, you need to go to comma nd mode to hang up

ATM0 Disables the loudspeaker in the modem ATM1 Enables the loudspeaker in the modem AT&W Saves the current modem configuration into NVRAM. This means that this configuration will be used

AT&F Loads the modem factory configuration ATZ Resets the modem, and loads the default settings as saved with command AT&W

can dial a remote modem.

the call. This is done by waiting at least one second since last entered character, then press +++ (three plus signs), all within one second. After one second, the modem will reply OK, meaning that command mode is entered.

directly after modem power up

Trace Modem

For troubleshooting purposes it is possible to trace the actual progress of initializing the modem. This trace is useful when having problems with the modem initialization.

Go to Terminal Mode and type

TRACE MODEM

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To end session type CTRL-Z

Manually Answering Incoming Calls

It is possible to manually answer incoming calls without involving the OMU software at all, to verify that the remote access and the network itself works as intended. In order to verify the remote communication, make sure to have someone stand by to dial up the OMU with a terminal emulation program, for example HyperTerminal™.

Go in to Direct Modem Access as described earlier. When in direct access mode, ask the person standing by to dial up the OMU.

As soon as a call is received, the text

RING

will repeatedly be displayed on the screen. Type

ATA <enter>

This will inform the modem to answer (ATtention Answer). When the connection is established, a connect message will be displayed including the connection speed.

Sometimes the information comes together with some miscellaneous information, such as error correction protocols etc.

Note! Make sure the remote peer dials the Data Call number

If the voice number is dialled instead of the data number, or if the modem contains an illegal modem initialization string, the message

NO CARRIER

will be displayed almost immediately. Try to change the modem initialization string. The modem initialization string mainly used to configur e the

remote communication is AT+CBST. Successful modem initialization strings used by Axell Wireless includes (most common first):

AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,1;\Q3

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AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,3;\Q3

Once the modem initialization string is entered, try again to dial up the OMU. For details on the different modem initialization strings, please refer to the modem’s user guide.

If the setup is successful, the connect message will be brought up;

CONNECT 9600

This means that an online connection is established to the remote peer. From now on, all characters typed on the keyboard will end up on the remote peer’s screen. Similarly, all characters typed by the remote peer will be displayed on the screen.

In the example, the incoming call was successfully answered, and the remote user entered the text message.

In order to come back to modem command mode, press +++ (three pluses) rapidly (within one second). Receiving

means that the modem is back in command mode. Type

ATH <enter>

This terminates the connection to the remote peer. The message

NO CARRIER

will be displayed.

Common Problems

Problem 1

When enabling the remote access for the OMU, the modem fails to log in to the network.

Solution

Signal strength from the donor site is too low. The signal strength can be read directly from the modem. Go in to Direct Modem Access as described earlier. Use the command AT+CSQ (documented below) to read out the signal strength.

In order to have good signal quality, Axell Wireless recommends that the signal strength should be better than 95 dBm. If signal strength is lower, try to adjust the antennas to get a better signal strength from the donor.

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Documentation of +CSQ command from a modem’s manual.

In the example the reply to AT+CSQ is 0,7 meaning 7*2 dB above -113 dBm; the modem detects a signal level of -99 dBm.

Problem 2a

OMU is configured properly, and answers the incoming call, but when trying to dial the OMU using an analogue mode, no modem handshaking is heard from the dialling modem.

Problem 2b

When dialling the OMU, the OMU answers the incoming call, but no connection is established, and after a while the OMU disconnects the call.

Solution

The most common cause is that the number called is the voice number of the SIM, not the data number. Therefore, make sure to dial the data number.

If data call is used, the problem probably is an illegal modem initialization string.

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In order to change the modem string, go to the OMU command prompt. Try changing the modem initialization string and log out to let the controller reinitialize the modem.

If problem remains, try a few different modem initialization strings. Axell Wireless has been successful with the following modem initialization strings:

AT+CBST=71,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=0,0,1;\Q3 AT+CBST=7,0,3;\Q3

Please refer to the modem manual for detailed description of the modem initialization strings.

Problem 3

It is possible to call the OMU from another GSM mobile, but not from an analogue modem.

Solution

This problem is most likely related to the modem configuration and/or the configuration of the IFU unit. Try to decrease the communications speed and make sure that the modem error correction is supported by the IFU. Verify the IFU configuration to see if there are any known problems with the modem connections.

Problem 4

When dialling the OMU, or when the OMU is dialling the Element Manager, the connection is terminated before the handshaking is completed.

Solution

When an OMU is answering an incoming modem call, or calling up the OMC to deliver an alarm or a report, the OMU will wait a configurable number of seconds for the call to be established. If no communication is established within this time, the call will be hung up. If this interval is set too low, the handshaking is terminated too fast. In the RMC, verify the Modem Connect Time to see that it is set to at least 30 seconds.

4.12 Integrate into the AEM

When the OMU has been installed at site and the remote communication has been enabled, the OMU can be integrated to the Axell Element Manager. This is done by the operator of the AEM. After entering the telephone number to the OMU, the AEM dials up the OMU, downloads all the OMU parameters and statuses into a database. When all parameters have been downloaded, th e AE M configures the OMU with the telephone number where alarms and reports should be sent, and optionally with a secondary telephone number where the repeater can dial in case connection to the primary number fails.

Note! Once the OMU is integrated to the AEM, all changes to the OMU should preferably be done from the

Axell Element Manager in order to ensure that the database always contains correct information.

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4.13 Installation Examples

AEM

Modem

Antenna

Duplex Filter

Directional couplers

BTS

OMU Site

Splitters

ODF

Repeater Site

ODF

Antenna or Leaky feeder

Fiber Fed

Repeater

LaptopLaptop

Power Unit for -48 V DC

Optional

Back-up Battery

An example of a site installation where the FR signal to the OMU is tapped off a BTS

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PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL

Server Antenna

Donor Antenna

AEM

Modem

Coupler

ODF

Channel Selective Repeater

ODF

Antenna or Leaky feeder

Fiber Fed

Repeater

Power Unit fo r -48 V DC

optional

Back-up Battery

An example of a site installation where the FR signal to the OMU is tapped off a repeater

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5 Maintenance

5.1 General

The system normally operates without any operator intervention or maintenance. Should the system malfunction, the condition of the antenna systems as well as the continuity of the cablin g

should be checked before replacing any of the OMU units. In the unlikely event of a unit failure, the field replaceable components (antenna unit, cables, etc.) should be

checked and replaced if faulty and the system restored. A failed unit can be removed and replaced with a spare while the rest of the system (other OMUs) is still in

operation.

Caution

Un-terminated optical receptacles may

emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam

or view with optical instruments.

Note! The power supply of the failed OMU should be isolated from AC mains and DC power before any

module is replaced.

5.2 Preventive Maintenance

The OMU does not require any preventative maintenance apart from changing the battery every three years.

Caution

Risk of explosion if battery is replaced by an incorrect type.

Dispose of used batteries according to local laws and instructions.

5.3 Product Disposal

Disposal of this product must be handled according to all national laws and regulations.

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6 Specifications

RF Parameters

Frequency Response 88-960 / 1710-2170 MHz Gain Flatness Typical 2 (p-p) dB Nominal RF input power +10 dBm composite power Maximum RF input power +23 dBm composite power Fibre optic loss compensation Implemented

Optical Modules

Number of optical modules 1-6 Laser class Class 1 Wavelength 1310 ± 10 nm or 1330 ± 10 nm Optical output power +5 ± 2 dBm Maximum Optical Input Power +5 dBm Output Power (Tx) max +7 dB m Operating Temperature +5 ~ +45°C

Power Requirements

Power Requirements 24 - 48 VDC / 115 - 230 VAC Power Consumption Typical 50 W (fully equipped)

External Electrical Interfaces

Local Maintenance Terminal RS232 RF Ports N-type Connector Female Optical Ports SC/APC Power Input Plinth External alarms Plinth Modem connector (PSTN) RJ11 Modem antenna connector SMA Female Ethernet connector RJ45

Mechanical Specifications

Dimensions (w x h x d) 84 TE x 3 HE x 420 mm Weight 15 kg (fully equipped) IP rating IP20

Reliability Specification

Lifetime (MTBF) >70 000 hrs

Page 88

REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

Repeater Maintenance Console Short Guide

Valid from RMC version 2.2

or translated into any human or computer languag e without the prior written permission of Axell Wireless Ltd.

The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explai n issues which may not be covered by this document. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the do cument is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services.

This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility wh en using them. The manufact urer welcomes customer co mments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Axell Wireless sales representative.

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

1 Installation

1.1 Requirements

CPU Pentium, 200 MHz (Pentium III, 500 MHz recommended) RAM 64 MB (128 MB recommended) Hard Drive 10 MB free disk space CD-ROM Required for installation Video resolution

Operating system Windows 98SE/NT/2000/XP

800 x 600 with at least 15 bit color depth (approx. 32000 colors)

24 bit color depth (16.7 million colors) recommended It is possible to run the program in 256 or 16 color modes, but colors

will appear distorted

1.2 Installation Procedure

1. Ensure the computer and operation system complies with the requirements above.

2. Insert the CD-ROM into your CD-ROM reader. This will in most cases auto-start the setup program. If

not select your CD-ROM drive and double-click the file “Setup.exe”.

3. Follow the setup program guide through the installation process. Specify where the program should be

installed.

4. When the installation is finished, start the RMC from the” Start” menu (no reboot is needed)

1.3 Connection Setup

The RMC opens in Console mode.

The repeater connection can be made via serial cable, TCP/IP or Modem.

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

1.3.1 Cable Connection Set up

Select “Serial Cable” and “Next”

Select the serial port to be used. Select “Connect”

1.3.2 TCP/IP Connection Set up

Select “TCP/IP” and “Next”

Enter the IP address and port or choose one from the phone book.

1.3.3 Modem Connection Set up

Select “Modem” and “Next”

Select the modem to use. Select “Next”

Note!

The RMC automatically receives a list of available modems from the Windows operation system.

It is important that the modem is installed in Windows according to

the manual provided by the modem manufacturer.

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

Enter the phone number. Type the number or choose one

from the phone book.

Select “Connect” and wait for the connection to be established

1.3.4 Login

Enter username and password (in terminal mode the login prompt is text based).

Select “Next”

Default usernames and passwords differ for different repeater generations. Please consult the manual for the repeater that is to be connected.

User name and password structure 1

User Name Password Authority

USERNAM1 PASSWRD1 read/write USERNAM2 PASSWRD2 read/write

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

USERNAM3 PASSWRD3 read only USERNAM4 PASSWRD4 read only

User name and password structure 2

User Name Password

avitec AvitecPasswd

1.4 How to Change a Parameter

There is a two step procedure to change a parameter in RMC. Change the value

Apply or cancel the change

A value can be changed by typing it or by choosing a value from a

drop down menu

In this case there is a drop down menu. Click on ”b” to the right of the box and chose a value.

As soon as a change is made or a value is inserted this symbol appears

The change is applied by clicking the green “accept button” The change is canceled by clicking the red cross (or by pressing Esc)

1.5 How to Use the Phone Book

Modem phone numbers and /or IP addresses can be stored in the RMC phone book. Each computer user is allocated an individual RMC phonebook which is stored in the windows registry.

Select Modem during login. Initial screen

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

Select TCP/IP during login. Initial screen

1.5.1 Add a Phone Number or TCP/IP Address

Type the number in the edit box Click “Add” This brings up a dialog box Enter a description of the

phonebook entry Click “Ok”

1.5.2 Edit a Phone Number or TCP/IP Address

Select a number in the list Select “Edit” This brings up a dialog box Make the changes Select “Ok”

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REPEATER MAINTENANCE CONSOLE

1.5.3 Delete a Phone Number or TCP/IP Address

Select a n entry in the list Select “Delete” Confirm

1.5.4 Import/Export Phonebook Data

Select “Phonebook Options” Choose between the options:

 Save  Restore  Synchronize

The file extension is RPF. Files can be used in RMC

versions 2.00 and later. Phonebook data from RMC

version 1.xx (INI-files) can also be imported.

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AXELL WIRELESS Common Commands and Attributes v1.3.0

Page 96

Document Name: Common Commands and Attributes v1.3.0 Revision: 1.2

Change Log

Version Change by Date Description

1.0 MW 29/01/09 Changes from 1.2.0 and 1.2.1 to 1.3.0

13.4.2 Added comment on DHCP via GPRS

13.7.2 Added Note 2 reagarding GPRS interface.

13.7.8 Added Note 5 regarding setting of GPRS parameters.

13.8.2 Added Note 4 regarding restarting of GPRS interface. Added chapter 14 – GPRS Configurations

1.1 MW 17/03/09 14.1.5.2 Changed behavior of GET GPR ASC attribute.

1.2 MW 19/03/09 14.1.8.2 Added comments on ACT GPR APPLY

Legal Information

No part of this document may be copied, distributed, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of AXELL WIRELESS.

The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in the documents are adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues which may not be covered by the documents. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the documents is limited to the correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services.

This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using them. The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continual development and improvement of the documentation in the best way possible from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest AXELL WIRELESS sales representative.

Common Commands and Attributes 2/123

Page 97

Document Name: Common Commands and Attributes v1.3.0 Revision: 1.2

Contact Information

For further information about this document, please contact .

AXELL WIRELESS

Mailing address: Axell Wireless Aerial House Asheridge Road Chesham Buckinghamshire HP5 2QD United Kingdom

Tel: +44 1494 777000 Fax: +44 1494 777002

Web: http://www.axellwireless.com/

Common Commands and Attributes 3/123

Page 98

Document Name: Common Commands and Attributes v1.3.0 Revision: 1.2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1 Overview.................................................................................................................14

2 Axell Wireless Versus Avitec.......................................................................................14

3 Version Compatibility.................................................................................................14

4 Using Commands and Attributes.................................................................................14

5 Built in Help System..................................................................................................15

5.1 HELP command..................................................................................................15

5.2 INF command....................................................................................................15

6 External Alarms, DOOR and Controller Temperature......................................................16

6.1 CTM – Controller Temperature.............................................................................16

6.1.1 Overview....................................................................................................16

6.1.2 Usage........................................................................................................16

6.2 DOO – displays status of the door alarm source.....................................................17

6.2.1 Overview....................................................................................................17

6.2.2 Usage........................................................................................................17

6.3 DST – displays status of the door.........................................................................17

6.3.1 Overview....................................................................................................17

6.3.2 Usage........................................................................................................17

6.4 EAC – External alarm configuration......................................................................17

6.4.1 Overview....................................................................................................17

6.4.2 Usage........................................................................................................18

6.5 EAD – External alarm description.........................................................................18

6.5.1 Overview....................................................................................................18

6.5.2 Usage........................................................................................................18

6.6 EST – External Input Status................................................................................19

6.6.1 Overview....................................................................................................19

6.6.2 Usage........................................................................................................19

6.7 EX1 – status of external alarm input 1..................................................................20

6.7.1 Overview....................................................................................................20

6.7.2 Usage........................................................................................................20

6.8 EX2 – displays status of external alarm input 2......................................................20

6.8.1 Overview....................................................................................................20

6.8.2 Usage........................................................................................................20

6.9 EX3 – displays status of external alarm input 3......................................................20

6.9.1 Overview....................................................................................................20

6.9.2 Usage........................................................................................................21

6.10 EX4 – displays status of external alarm input 4....................................................21

6.10.1 Overview..................................................................................................21

6.10.2 Usage......................................................................................................21

6.11 EXT – External alarm pin configuration................................................................21

6.11.1 Overview..................................................................................................21

6.11.2 Usage......................................................................................................21

7 Alarm Configurations.................................................................................................22

7.1 ACL – Alarm Class Configuration..........................................................................22

7.1.1 Overview....................................................................................................22

7.1.2 Usage........................................................................................................22

7.2 AC1 – Compressed Alarm Severity and Alarm Class Configurations...........................23

7.2.1 Overview....................................................................................................23

7.2.2 Usage........................................................................................................23

7.3 AL1 - Compressed Alarm Format ........................................................................23

7.3.1 Overview....................................................................................................23

7.3.2 Usage........................................................................................................24

7.4 AL2 - Compressed Alarm Format ........................................................................24

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7.4.1 Overview....................................................................................................24

7.4.2 Usage........................................................................................................24

7.5 AL3 - Compressed Alarm Format ........................................................................24

7.5.1 Overview....................................................................................................24

7.5.2 Usage........................................................................................................25

7.6 ALA – Configuring the alarm parameters...............................................................25

7.6.1 Overview....................................................................................................25

7.6.2 Usage........................................................................................................25

7.7 ASE – Alarm Severity Configuration......................................................................26

7.7.1 Overview....................................................................................................26

7.7.2 Usage........................................................................................................26

7.8 LIT – Alarm Log Item..........................................................................................27

7.8.1 Overview....................................................................................................27

7.8.2 Usage........................................................................................................27

7.9 LLN – Alarm Log Length......................................................................................28

7.9.1 Overview....................................................................................................28

7.9.2 Usage........................................................................................................29

7.10 MAR – Minimum Alarm Repetition Cycle..............................................................29

7.10.1 Overview..................................................................................................29

7.10.2 Usage......................................................................................................29

7.11 MNR – Maximum Number of Alarm Retransmissions.............................................30

7.11.1 Overview..................................................................................................30

7.11.2 Usage......................................................................................................30

7.12 NUA – Next Unacknowledged Alarm....................................................................30

7.12.1 Overview..................................................................................................30

7.12.2 Usage......................................................................................................31

7.13 RCA – Repetition Cycle for Alarms......................................................................32

7.13.1 Overview..................................................................................................32

7.13.2 Usage......................................................................................................32

7.14 RLY – Relay Status...........................................................................................33

7.14.1 Overview..................................................................................................33

7.14.2 Usage......................................................................................................33

7.15 RPL - Relay Polarity..........................................................................................33

7.15.1 Overview..................................................................................................33

7.15.2 Usage......................................................................................................33

7.16 RTN – Relay Test On Interval ............................................................................34

7.16.1 Overview..................................................................................................34

7.16.2 Usage......................................................................................................34

7.17 RTF – Relay Test Off Interval .............................................................................34

7.17.1 Overview..................................................................................................34

7.17.2 Usage......................................................................................................34

7.18 ACT ACK – Acknowledge Alarm..........................................................................35

7.18.1 Overview..................................................................................................35

7.18.2 Usage......................................................................................................35

7.19 ACT CLO – Clear Alarm Log...............................................................................35

7.19.1 Overview..................................................................................................35

7.19.2 Usage......................................................................................................35

7.20 ACT TRE – Test relay.........................................................................................36

7.20.1 Overview..................................................................................................36

7.20.2 Usage......................................................................................................36

7.21 LOGDUMP ALARM.............................................................................................36

7.21.1 Overview..................................................................................................36

7.21.2 Usage......................................................................................................36

8 Modem and Communication Settings...........................................................................37

8.1 ADD – SMS Access List.......................................................................................37

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8.1.1 Overview....................................................................................................37

8.1.2 Usage........................................................................................................37

8.2 ASC – Address of Service Center .........................................................................38

8.2.1 Overview....................................................................................................38

8.2.2 Usage........................................................................................................38

8.3 CDE – Communications Device Enabled................................................................38

8.3.1 Overview....................................................................................................38

8.3.2 Usage........................................................................................................39

8.4 CSL – Communications Support List ....................................................................39

8.4.1 Overview....................................................................................................39

8.4.2 Usage........................................................................................................39

8.5 DEV – Device type and Communications Method....................................................40

8.5.1 Overview....................................................................................................40

8.5.2 Usage........................................................................................................40

8.6 DDS – Device Description....................................................................................40

8.6.1 Overview....................................................................................................40

8.6.2 Usage........................................................................................................40

8.7 CMD – Communications Method Description..........................................................41

8.7.1 Overview....................................................................................................41

8.7.2 Usage........................................................................................................41

8.8 LPC – Last Power Cycling of modem.....................................................................41

8.8.1 Overview....................................................................................................41

8.8.2 Usage........................................................................................................41

8.9 MAD – Main Address...........................................................................................42

8.9.1 Overview....................................................................................................42

8.9.2 Usage........................................................................................................42

8.10 MCT – Modem Connect Time..............................................................................43

8.10.1 Overview..................................................................................................43

8.10.2 Usage......................................................................................................43

8.11 MIS – Modem Initialization String.......................................................................43

8.11.1 Overview..................................................................................................43

8.11.2 Usage......................................................................................................43

8.12 MPE – Automatic Power Cycling Enabled..............................................................44

8.12.1 Overview..................................................................................................44

8.12.2 Usage......................................................................................................44

8.13 MPT – Automatic Power Cycling Timepoint...........................................................44

8.13.1 Overview..................................................................................................44

8.13.2 Usage......................................................................................................44

8.14 NCT – Network Connect Time............................................................................45

8.14.1 Overview..................................................................................................45

8.14.2 Usage......................................................................................................45

8.15 PIN – PIN-code for communications device..........................................................46

8.15.1 Overview..................................................................................................46

8.15.2 Usage......................................................................................................46

8.16 PIS – PIN-code Supported by device...................................................................46

8.16.1 Overview..................................................................................................46

8.16.2 Usage......................................................................................................46

8.17 PPO – Primary Port Number...............................................................................47

8.17.1 Overview..................................................................................................47

8.17.2 Usage......................................................................................................47

8.18 ROP – Repeater to OMC password......................................................................47

8.18.1 Overview..................................................................................................47

8.18.2 Usage......................................................................................................47

8.19 SAC – SMS Acknowledge Configuration...............................................................48

8.19.1 Overview..................................................................................................48

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