Axell Wireless A207SERIES User Manual
OMU
Optical Master Unit
© Axell Wireless Ltd
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Optical Master Unit, OMU
Product Description and User’s Manual
This manual is valid for Firmware release version
Common Commands and Attributes v 1.3.0
OMU Commands and Attributes v 1.0.0
Copyright © 2009 Axell Wireless Ltd
All rights reserved.
No part of this document may be copied, distributed, tran smitted, trans cribed, stored i n a retrieval sy stem, or
translated into any human or computer language without the prior written permission of Axell Wireless Ltd.
The manufacturer has made every effort to ensure that the instructions contained in this document are
adequate and free of errors and omissions. The manufacturer will, if necessary, explain issues w hich may not
be covered by this document. The manufacturer's liability for any errors in the document is limited to the
correction of errors and the aforementioned advisory services.
This document has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the
customer assumes full responsibility when usi ng them. The manufacturer welcomes customer comments as
part of the process of continual development and improvement of th e documentation i n the best way poss ible
from the user's viewpoint. Please submit your comments to the nearest Axell Wireless sales representative.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 1 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Table of Contents
Safety Instructions and Warnings.................................................................................................. 4
References..................................................................................................................................... 5
Contact Information....................................................................................................................... 4
Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................... 7
1 Repeater Technology................................................................................................................ 10
1.1 Basic Repeater Features .................................................................................................... 10
1.2 Software Overview............................................................................................................ 10
2 Product and System Description..............................................................................................12
2.1 Overview........................................................................................................................... 12
2.2 Building Blocks................................................................................................................. 16
2.3 Block Diagram .................................................................................................................. 24
2.4 Back Panel......................................................................................................................... 25
2.5 Radio Signal and Data Communication Paths................................................................... 26
3 Monitoring and Control........................................................................................................... 27
3.1 Software Features - Overview........................................................................................... 27
3.2 Network Nodes.................................................................................................................. 28
3.3 Fibre Loss Compensation and Master Volume..................................................................30
3.4 Alarm System.................................................................................................................... 31
3.5 OMU Heartbeat................................................................................................................. 43
3.6 Hardware Identification..................................................................................................... 51
3.7 ID and TAG....................................................................................................................... 51
3.8 User Access....................................................................................................................... 52
3.9 Integration into AEM ........................................................................................................ 53
3.10 Upgrading Firmware ......................................................................................................... 53
4 Installation................................................................................................................................. 54
4.1 Unpack the OMU .............................................................................................................. 54
4.2 Mount the OMU................................................................................................................ 54
4.3 Ensure Proper Grounding.................................................................................................. 54
4.4 Attach Cabling................................................................................................................... 55
4.5 Start-up the OMU.............................................................................................................. 59
4.6 Initiate Local Communication........................................................................................... 61
4.7 Configure the OMU........................................................................................................... 62
4.8 Set Up OMU-Repeater System.......................................................................................... 63
4.9 Balance the System ........................................................................................................... 66
4.10 Initiate Fibre Loss Compensation...................................................................................... 68
4.11 Set up Remote Communication......................................................................................... 71
4.12 Integrate into the AEM...................................................................................................... 82
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 2 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
4.13 Installation Examples ........................................................................................................ 83
5 Maintenance.............................................................................................................................. 85
5.1 General.............................................................................................................................. 85
5.2 Preventive Maintenance.................................................................................................... 85
5.3 Product Disposal................................................................................................................ 85
6 Specifications............................................................................................................................. 86
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 3 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Safety Instructions and Warnings
Guarantees
All antennas must be installed with Lightning protection. Damage to power modules, as a result of lightning are
not covered by the warranty.
Switching on AC or DC power prior to the connection of antenna cables is regarded as faulty installation
procedure and therefore not covered by the Axell Wi rel ess warranty.
Safety to Personnel
Before installing or replacing any of the equipment, the entire manual should be read and understood. The user
needs to supply the appropriate AC or DC power to the OMU System. Incorrect power settings can damage the
OMU System and may cause injury to the user.
Throughout this manual, there are "Caution" warnings. "Caution" calls attention to a procedure or practice,
which, if ignored, may result in injury or damage to the system, system component or even the user. Do not
perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until the described conditions are fully understood and met.
Caution
This notice calls attention to a procedure or practice that, if ignored,
may result in personal injury or in damage to the system or system component.
Do not perform any procedure preceded by a "Caution" until described
conditions are fully understood and met.
Safety to Equipment
When installing, replacing or using this product, observe all safety precautions during handling and operation.
Failure to comply with the safety precautions and with specific precautions described elsewhere in this manual
violates the safety standards of the design, manufacture, and intended use of this product. Axell Wireless
assumes no liability for the customer's failure to comply with these precautions. This entire manual should be
read and understood before operating or mainta ini n g the O M U Syst em.
Class 1 Laser
This product is equipped with class 1 lasers, as per definition in EN 60825-1.
Caution
Un-terminated optical receptacles may
emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam
or view with optical instruments.
Optical transmitters in the opto module can emit high energy invisible laser radiation. There is a risk for
permanent damage to the eye.
Always use protective cover on all cables and connectors which are not connected. Never look straight into a
fibre cable or a connector. Consider that a fibre can carry transmission in both directions.
During handling of laser cables or connections ensure that the source is switched off. Regard all open
connectors with respect and direct them in a safe direction and never towards a reflecting surface. Reflected
laser radiation should be regarded as equally hazardous as direct radiation.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 4 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Electrostatic Sensitivity
Observe electrostatic precautionary procedures.
Caution
ESD = Electrostatic Discharge Sensitive Device
Semiconductor transmitters and receivers provide highly reliable performance when operated in conformity
with their intended design. However, a semiconductor may be damaged by an electrostatic charge inadvertently
imposed by careless handling.
Static electricity can be conducted to the semiconductor chip from the centre pin of the RF input connector, and
through the AC connector pins. When unpacking and otherwise handling the OMU, follow ESD precautionary
procedures including use of grounded wrist straps, grounded workbench surfaces, and grounded floor mats.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 5 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
References
References to standards apply as relevant to the repeater type being connected to the OMU. Please see
respective repeater manual for details.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 6 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Contact Information
Headquarters Axell Wireless
Aerial House
Asheridge Road
Chesham
Buckinghamshire HP5 2QD
United Kingdom
Tel: +44 1494 777000
Fax: +44 1494 777002
Commercial inquiries
Web site
Support issues
Technical Support Line, English speaking +44 1494 777 777
Contact information for Axell Wireless offices in other countries can be found on our web site,
www.axellwireless.com
info@axellwireless.com
www.axellwireless.com
support@axellwireless.com
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 7 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Definitions, Abbreviations and Acronyms
AEM Axell Element Manager
A software tool for operation and monitoring a network consisting of Axell Wireless
elements such as OMUs and repeaters.
ALC Automatic Limit Control
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BTS Base Transceiver Station, one part of a base station.
A base station is composed of two parts, a Base Transceiver Station (BTS) and a Base
Station Controller (BSC). A base station is often referred to as BTS.
The BTS is also sometimes called an RBS or Remote Base Station.
Channel In all Axell Wireless documentation a channel is the same as a carrier.
Channel
Selective
Repeater
DL Downlink, RF signals transmitted from base stations to mobile radio equipment
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
GND Ground
LED Light Emitting Diode
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
MS Mobile Station (e.g. mobile phone)
MTBF Meantime Between Failures
NA Not Applicable
NC Not Connected
NF Noise Figure
NMS Network Management System
A repeater that operate on a specified channel within the operating band of the
repeater.
The ability of a device or system to function in its intended electromagnetic
environment
Node In this manual a node is the OMU or a rep eater
ODF Optical Distribution Frame, used for connection and patching of optical cables
OMC Operations and Main tenance Center
PSTN Public Service Telephone Network
Repeater
RF Radio Frequency, 9 kHz – 300 GHz
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 8 (86)
A bi-directional Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier that can amplify and transmit a
received Mobile Station (MS) signal in the MS transmit band. Simultaneously it
amplifies and transmits a received Base Transceiver Station (BTS) RF signal in the
BTS transmit band.
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Designation Abbreviation Frequencies
Very Low Frequency VLF 9 kHz - 30 kHz
Low Frequency LF 30 kHz - 300 kHz
Medium Frequency MF 300 kHz - 3 MHz
High Frequency HF 3 MHz - 30 MHz
Very High Frequency VHF 30 MHz - 300 MHz
Ultra High Frequency UHF 300 MHz - 3 GHz
Super High Frequency SHF 3 GHz - 30 GHz
Extremely High Frequency EHF 30 GHz - 300 GHz
RMC Repeater Maintenance Console
Software tool to monitor and control Axell Wireless repeaters.
RS232 Serial interface standard
RS485 Serial Interface standard
SIM Subscriber Iden tity Module
SMS Short Messaging Service
SMSC Short Messaging Service Center
SW Software
UE User Equipment
UL Uplink, RF signals transmitted from mobile radio equipment to a base station
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 9 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
1 Repeater Technology
1.1 Basic Repeater Features
A basic feature of a mobile communication system is to transmit RF signals between base stations and mobile
radio equipment.
When there is a blocking object, such as a mountain or a building, preventing the base station signal to reach the
mobile equipment, a repeater can be used to extend the base station’s coverage area.
In the downlink path (from the base station to the mobile phone) the repeater picks up the signal in the air via a
donor antenna, amplifies it and re-transmits it into the desired coverage area via a server antenna. In the uplink
path (from the mobile phone to the base station) the repeater receives the signals from mobile transmitters in the
covered area and re-transmits them back to the base station.
Donor antenna
BTS
Undisturbed transmission Obstacle creating a coverage hole
A repeater can work off-air, as the repeater in the example above, or be fe d ove r fibre from an optical master
unit, OMU. The OMU taps the signal directly off a base station via a coupler, converts it to light and transmits
it to a number of repeaters via fibre.
MS MS
BTS
Server antenna
Repeater
1.2 Software Overview
There are three types of software products; dedicat ed firmware for each Axell Wireless repeater or OMU,
Repeater Maintenance Console (RMC) and Axell Element Manager (AEM).
1.2.1 Firmware
The firmware is the software inside the Control Module of the repeater or OMU. It is command line based, with
simple SET and GET commands. A rich variety of commands is available to control and monitor all subsystems
of the repeater from a normal VT100 terminal emulation program, such as HyperTerminal™. This also means
that any standard laptop is able to control a repeater without additional software installed.
The firmware has three main tasks:
Set and configure parameters in the repeater, such as channel numbers, gain, power levels, and different
report configurations
Monitor and measure alarm sources, alarm parameters and repeater utilization
Send reports and alarms to the repeater OMC
Communication with the repeater or OMU can be performed either locally or remotely via a modem or
Ethernet.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 10 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
1.2.2 The RMC, Repeater Maintenance Console
RMC is an online software program with an intuitive graphical interface that simplifies control and installation
of the repeater or OMU. The RMC is a graphical shell for the repeater’s Control Module. It reads commands
and attributes from the Control Module and displays them in an intuitive layout. This eliminates the need to
learn commands and attributes for controlling the repeater or OMU.
Login can be made locally via the LMT port or remotely via a modem or via Ethernet. As soon as the RMC is
connected it constantly polls the repeater or OMU for parameters such as power supply levels, in and out levels,
temperature, traffic, etc. If the repeater is a slave type re peater, t he OMU ma nage s the data collection from the
repeater.
The RMC program can be installed from a CD. It is a Windows based application that runs on Windows 2000
and Windows XP.
1.2.3 The AEM, Axell Element Manager
AEM is a complete operations and maintenance centre for Axell Wireless repeater networks.
The AEM takes control of the repeater – or the OMU-Repeater system - once the installation at site is
completed. The repeater gets integrated into the network and will be controlled by the Element Manager.
During integration all repeater parameters and statuses are downloaded into a database. The database is
regularly updated with all incoming alarms and reports, and will hence contain a copy of the repeater
configuration so that current repeater information will be accessible without setting up communication with the
repeaters.
Communication between the AEM and the repeaters are message based. This m eans tha t the operator does not
have to await message delivery, but will be informed when the message is delivered to the repeater
The Axell Element Manager is a Windows™ based application that runs on Windows 2000, Windows 2003
Server and Windows XP.
For more information please refer to the separate AEM User’s Manual.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 11 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2 Product and System Description
2.1 Overview
The Axell Wireless OMU is a product used in combination with fibre fed repeaters. An OMU can be equipped
to be used for frequency ranges from 88MHz to 2 170MHz.
An OMU’s basic function is to translate RF signals to light to be sent over an optical fibre, and vice versa.
In the downlink direction the OMU picks up the signal from the base station via an RF coupler system,
converts it into an analogue optical signal and transfers it over a fibre optical cable to the repeater were it is
translated back to RF and sent out via an antenna. An OMU can also be connected to a repeater. In that
case the signal is tapped from the repeater’s server antenna.
In the uplink direction the OMU receives the signal from the repeater via the fibre optical cable, converts it
to an RF signal and sends it back to the base station.
Server
Antenna
Repeater
OMU
Directional
Coupler
BTS
An OMU-Repeater system consists of one or more Optical Master Units, OMUs and one or several fibre fed
repeaters. An OMU-Repeater system can be expanded to handle up to 24 repeaters, and cover a distance of to
up to 20 km of fibre between the OMU and the most distant repeater.
Each OMU can be equipped with up to 6 fibre optic converters. If more than 6 repeaters are needed in the
network there are two ways of expanding the system: link several OMUs together or use laser systems with
three or four colors.
Up to 4 OMUs can be cascaded and operate up to 24 repeaters as one system. When OMUs are cascaded
only one is equipped with a Control Module. This OMU is called an OMU Master and the other three
OMU slaves. The OMU Master manages the OMU slaves as well as the connected repeaters.
RF
FiberOptic
Converters
Opto Fiber
RF
BTS
RepeatersOMU Units
Four OMUs cascaded in one system
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 12 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
A laser system with two colors can operate one repeater for each fibre optic converter in a OMU-Repeater
system – one color is used for the uplink and one for the downlink. A laser system with three or more
colors can operate two or more repeaters per fibre optic converter. One color is used for the downlink
which is the same for all repeaters, and in the uplink each repeater has its own color.
The connection from one repeater to the next is done via so called add-drop couplers. The difference in
distance between the repeaters and the OMU can be compensated for automatically.
OMU
1310
Add-drop
Coupler
Slave 1
1550
Slave 2
1510
Two repeaters are connected to the same converter in the OMU via the same fibre but the wavelength for the
uplink differs between the units. Slave 1: 1550 ± 3 nm, Slave 2: 1510 ± 3 nm. The downlink signal is the same
for both repeaters.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 13 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.1.1 Access to the System
Important Generic Information
Axell Wireless repeaters and OMUs can be configured in three different ways as regards communication
and control. They can be “stand-alone units”, “node masters” or “slaves”.
Stand-alone units do not control any other unit or take control from any other unit. All communication
with a stand-alone unit needs to be made directly with the unit – either locally or remotely via a modem or
Ethernet. Most stand-alone units are equipped with Ethernet and/or a modem for this purpose.
Node Masters keep track of the slaves that are connected to it. It is the single point of contact for alarm
reports and for heart beats in the entire system, and communicates with the AEM. All configuration and
control of all units in the network go through this Node Master. Most Node Masters are equipped with
Ethernet and/or a modem for this purpose.
Slaves are linked to a Node Master and contain a slave interface allowing for a Node Master to
communicate with the slave.
An OMU-Repeater system can be designed using repeaters that operate as slaves to the OMU or as stand alone
units regarding communication, configuration, alarms etc. Either all communication is handled by the OMU
that acts as a node master and the repeaters are slaves, or each repeater (and the OMU) handles this
communications and reporting separately.
The most common configuration is the master-slave set up which has several advantages:
All nodes can be reached from any node in the system. An operator can log in from any node in the system
and access all parameters in all nodes, including those in the OMU
Only one modem is needed for remote communication and configuration of the whole system
Since the communication runs on the same fibre as the RF, this arrangement gives a reliable supervision of
the radio link. If communication between the OMU and a repeater is broken, an alarm can be generated
immediately.
Several users at a time can be logged on to the system, for instance one locally via the RS232 interface and one
remotely via modem or Etthernet. Only one user at a time can be logged in remotely.
1
Note! If the network has an OMU from an earlier generation
accessed via a local login to a slave repeater.
, there are some limitations of what can be
2.1.1.1 Local Access
Local access is achieved via an RS232 interface to the LMT port in the repeater or the OMU. This port is
accessible on the front of the OMU and inside the repeater.
2.1.1.2 Remote Access
Remote access is achieved via modem or Ethernet. Different types of modems are supported, for example
GSM, GSM-R, HSDPA/UMTS, TETRA, GPRS and PSTN.
The modem is either placed on the Control Module or as a separate unit. When cascaded OMUs are used, the
modem is placed in the OMU unit that holds the Control Module. Ethernet connection is available on the
Control Module.
1
The earlier versions of the OMU where called HUBs.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 14 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.1.2 SW for Configuration and Control
There are two SW tools for configuration and control of the Axell Wireless OMU-Repeater system. The RMC,
Repeater Maintenance Consol and the AEM, Axell Wireless Element Manger.
The RMC is an on-line tool that can be used locally or remotely for configuration and monitoring of all
parameters in the system. It is installed on a lap-top computer and holds pre-configured screens for each
repeater type or OMU that shows the parameters live in a user-friendly manner. All parameters can be
accessed and changed on-line. In the RMC there is also a terminal mode that allows for command based
communication.
The AEM is a tool for monitoring and control of a whole network. Data from the network elements are
collected at regular intervals and alarm information are sent to the AEM as they occur. All data are stored
in a data base and can be presented in maps, reports and diagrams.
OMU
GSM, PSTN or TCP/IP
data connection
Modem
AEM or RMC for remote monitoring via modem or Ethernet
Repeaters
RMC for local access
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 15 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2 Building Blocks
The OMU is built in a 19” sub rack.
Modem Status
Modem Power
Status
PWR
Login
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DATA
DATA
DL
DL
DATA
DATA
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Ethernet
LinkOK
IN
IN
OUT 1
OUT 1
OUT 2
OUT 2
LMT Port
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
On
Off
Out OK
In OK
On
Off
Out OK
In OK
On
Off
Modem
ANT
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
UL in
RF out
DL out
RF in
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
DATA
DATA
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DL
DL
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
SC/APC
SC/APC
PWRPWR
Battery
Power
21 1 543 6 7 8
An OMU unit can contain the following modules:
1. Fibre Optic Converters (1 to 6 pcs can be installed)
2. Uplink (UL) Combiner and Downlink (DL) Splitter. These modules are always installed.
3. Modem Unit. This module is optional. This unit is used for modems that are not mounted on the Control
Module
4. External Alarm and Battery Module. This module is optional. This module is only used for Master OMUs
5. Control Module. This module is only used for Master OMUs
6. Rack Communication Board. This module is always installed.
7. Power Supply A and B (B is optional)
8. Modem Antenna Connection. This module is optional. This is used for OMUs with wireless modems
installed that need a separate antenna. This module can also be equipped with two connectors. For details,
see section
2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection
In the next sections all modules are described in detail.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 16 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.1 Fibre Optic Converter
The Fibre Optic Converters are placed in slots 1, 2, 3 and 6, 7, 8.
A Fibre Optic Converter translates back and forth between RF and optical signals. The optical signals are
analogue. Each module contains both an optical receiver and a transmitter. The optical signals for downlink and
uplink are combined utilizing WDM technology (Wavelength Division Multiplexing). Hence only one fibre is
necessary for the transmission to and from the repeater.
Each Fibre Optic Converter in the OMU works in parallel with a corresponding unit in the repeater which is
linked via the fiber. A pilot tone can be sent between the Fibre Optic Converters in the OMU and the repeater to
define the loss in the fibre. Based on this information the repeater automatically adjusts the attenuation to
compensate for the fibre loss.
On the Fibre Optic Converter module there are six LED indicators; one for power status, one for error, two for
the data communication and two for the RF signals.
PWR Indicates that the power is on
ERR
DATA
DATA
OPTO
OPTO
PWR
UL
DL
Rx
Tx
ERR Indicates that there is something wrong in the module
UL DATA Ongoing communication in the uplink direct io n
DL DATA Ongoing communication in the downlink direction
OPTO Rx Received signal on fiber channel
OPTO Tx Transmitted signal on fiber channel
SC/APC
Fiber link connection
UL DATA and DL DATA reflect the ongoing data communication
OPTO Rx reflects received RF signal
OPTO Tx reflects transmitted RF signal
The fibre connector is SC/APC. The connector house is SC, the connector type is APC.
Note!
Angled connectors, APC, need to be used throughout the whole link between
the OMU and the repeater. The angle needs to be 8 degrees.
Also the ODF connections need to be APC type.
The fibre must be monomode type.
Caution
Un-terminated optical receptacles may
emit laser radiation. Do not stare into beam
or view with optical instruments.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 17 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.2 UL Combiner and DL Splitter2
The UL Combiner and DL Splitters are placed in slots 4 and 5.
These two modules contain the combiners and splitters that combine and distribute the RF signals between the
OMU’s RF port and the Fibre Optic Converters. They also contain attenuators that are used for setting the
master signal levels in the downlink and uplink.
Via these modules the RF in/out can be connected on the front of the OMU instead of the back, if needed.
The connectors are QMA type.
The modules can to be configured in two ways as shown in the illustration below.
DL out
UL in
DL out
UL in
DL out
UL in
RF in
RF out
RF in
RF out
RF in
Alternative 1
RF out
Alternative 2
Input to OMU
In Alternative 1 the connectors on each module are linked and the input to the OMU is made via the N-
connectors on the back of the OMU. See also illustration below.
In Alternative 2 the input to the OMU is made via the QMA connectors marked RF in/RF out.
Optional links
Fibre port
DL out
RF in
DL
Splitter
RF out
UL
Combiner
UL in
RF in
RF out
OMU front side
Fibre Optic
Converter
DL
UL
Note! In the illustration above only one Fibre Optic Converter is shown. The other converters are connected in
a corresponding way.
The configuration at delivery is Alternative 1.
OMU back side
2
In some cases, for specific needs, these modules can be designed in alternative ways.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 18 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.3 Control Module
The Control Module is placed in slot 9 or 11. Note! If there is a wireless modem mounted in the Control
module it has to be placed in slot 11 to access the modem antenna. See section
Connection.
2.2.8 Modem Antenna
The Control Module manages and controls the OMU and handles alarms. The Control Module
Modem Powe r
keeps track of all modules in the OMU based on their serial numbers. The Control Module
collects data from active modules within the OMU such as Optic Fibre Converters and Rack
Communications Board. The collected data is processed and if an error is detected the Control
Modem Status
Status
Login
Module can send an alarm via a built in modem to an Operations and Maintenance Center
(OMC). All alarms are also stored for later access via the LMT port.
The Control Module can collect the status of 4 external alarm sources connected to the
External Alarm and Battery Module. The summary alarm status of the OMU and the whole
system can be indicated via a relay port. This relay can be used to indicate to external
equipment if the OMU-Repeater system is functioning properly.
LMT Port
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
The Control Module includes a Real Time Clock (RTC). The RTC keeps track of at what time
alarms and events occur. This RTC has its own backup battery.
The Control Module can be configured in two different modes:
Standalone Mode – the OMU only reports its own status
Ethernet
Node Master – being a node master means that the OMU controls all slaves (repeaters)
connected to it and manages all communication to the AEM for the whole OMU-Repeater
system.
2.2.3.1 Connectors
The Control Module contains a RS232 port used for local access to the repeater, the LMT Port.
The Control Module has an Ethernet connection for remote access placed on the front panel.
If the Control Module is equipped with a wireless modem, a SIM card holder is accessible on the front panel.
Note! The USB connector is not used in this version of the product.
The Control Module has four LEDs which give information regarding the status
of the OMU.
If the OMU is configured for Ethernet communication the two LEDs Modem
Power and Modem Status do not fill any function and can be disregarded.
Blue LED - Login
Red LED - Status
Quick flash Control Module switched on, someone logged in locally and/or remotely
Off (except for a quick flash every 10th
second)
Off (permanent) Control Module switched OFF
Quick flash Control Module switched on, one or more errors/alarms detected
Off (except for a quick flash every 10th
second)
Off (permanent) Control Module switched off
Control Module switched on, no one logged in
Control Module switched on, status OK
Modem Power
Modem Status
Status
Login
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 19 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Green LED – Modem Power
Green LED – Modem Status
On Modem Power is on
Off Modem Power is off
On
Flashing
(irregular)
75ms on/75ms off/75ms on/3s off
75ms on/3s off
600ms on/600ms off
Off Modem is off
Depending on type of call:
Voice call: Connected to remote party
Data call: Connected to remote party or exchange of parameters while
setting up or disconnecting a call
Indicates GPSR data transfer. When a GPRS transfer is in progress the LED
goes on within 1 second after data packets were exchanged. Flash duration
in approximately 0.5s.
One or more GPRS contexts activated
Logged to network (monitoring control channels and user interactions). No
call in progress
No SIM card inserted, or no PIN entered, or network search in progress, or
ongoing user authentications, or network login in progress
2.2.4 External Alarm and Battery Module
The External Alarm and Battery Module is placed in slot 10.
This module has two functions.
It holds a rechargeable battery pack
It has plinths for external alarms and a sum alarm relay
2.2.4.1 Battery
The rechargeable battery pack will provide the Control Module in the OMU and the modem with enough
capacity to send an alarm in case of an input power failure. This battery can be switched on and off with the
switch on the front of the module.
2.2.4.2 External Alarms
Four external alarm sources can be connected to the External Alarm and Battery Module via the patch panels.
These sources must generate a voltage between 12 and 24VDC. The presen ce or ab sence of this voltage will
trigger the alarm depending on how the alarm thresholds have been configured. The module can also supply
+15V to external alarm sources. The maximum allowed load on this supply is 100mA.
2.2.4.3 Relay
The module contains a relay that can be connected to an external device to indicate an alarm. The relay can be
configured to trigger on any number of internal and external alarms. The maximum current through the relay is
100mA.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 20 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.4.4 Patch Panels
GND
GND
External alarm 1A
External alarm 1B
External alarm 2A
External alarm 2B
Relay Output 1A
Relay Output 1B
+15VDC Output
GND
GND
External alarm 3A
External alarm 3B
External alarm 4A
External alarm 4B
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Battery
Power
PWR
On
Off
10
11
12
13
14
15
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
External Alarm and Battery Module with pin out for external alarms and relay
The external alarm wires are linked to the module via patch panels. These panels can be released from the
module for easier access at installation.
2
The panels can be used for wires of up to 0.5mm
. To connect a wire, press the yellow lever with a pen or other
pointy item, insert the wire and release the lever.
2.2.5 Modem Unit
The Modem Unit is placed in slot 9 or 11. Note! If there is a wireless
modem in the Modem Unit it has to be placed in slot 11 to access the
modem antenna. See also section
The Modem Unit is used for modems that are not placed on the Control
Module. This can be for instance PSTN modems or wireless modems with
a form factor that prevents it from being integrated with the Control
Module.
The access to a PSTN modem is via an RJ11 connector on the font of the
module.
2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection.
PWR
RJ11 connector
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 21 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.6 Rack Communication Board
The Rack Communication Board is placed in slot 12.
This module serves as a communications link between the Control Module and the Fiber Optic Converters.
The unit is also used when several OMUs are to be linked together. The cables for cascading OMUs are
provided by Axell Wireless in case these are needed. The connections are RJ45 . How to link the OMUs to one
another is described in section 6 Installation.
There are three LEDs that reflect the status of the communication between the Control Module and the Fiber
Optic Converters.
UL DATA and DL DATA reflect the data communication that is ongoing between this module, the
Control Module and the Fibre Optic Converters.
Link OK is lit when the communication between this unit and the Control Module has been established.
PWR Indicates that the power is on
PWR
PWR
ERR
ERR
UL
UL
DATA
DATA
DL
DL
DATA
DATA
Link OK
Link OK
ERR Indicates that there is something wrong in the module
UL DATA On going communication in the uplink dir ection
DL DATA Ongoing communication in the downlink direction
IN OUT 1
IN OUT 1
Link OK Communication with Control Module established
OUT 2
OUT 2
RJ45 connectors
2.2.7 Power Supply
The Power Supplies are placed in slot 13 and 14.
Each OMU unit is equipped with one or two power supplies. There are power supplies
for 115 - 230VAC 50/60 Hz and 24 - 48VDC.
It is possible to mount two different power supplies (with different voltage) if they are
fed from two different sources.
The power supplies works in parallel and are independent of each other.
Out OK
In OK
Out OK
There are two green LEDs on the Power supplies
“Out OK” indicates that the power levels the unit is delivering
are OK
In OK
“In OK” indicates that the input power to the unit is OK
On
Off
Each Power Supply can be switched off using the switches on the front panel.
Note! Even when the power supplies are switched off the OMU still has live power from the power input on the
back.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 22 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.2.8 Modem Antenna Connection
If a wireless modem is installed din the OMU, an antenna is needed. Either a separate antenna is connected to
the modem antenna port, or the connection is be made via a coupler connected to the RF input to the OMU. The
latter alternative can only be used if the OMU runs on the same frequency as the wireless modem and is
equipped with a duplex filter.
2.2.8.1 OMU without Duplex Filter
OMUs that are not equipped with a duplex filter and use a
wireless modem has a modem antenna port to the rightmost side
of the rack.
An external antenna can be connected to the “Modem Ant” port.
The connector is SMA type.
Modem
ANT
To external
antenna
2.2.8.2 OMU with Duplex Filter
OMUs that are equipped with duplex filters and a wireless modem are of two kinds:
Alternative 1
The OMU and the wireless modem operate on
the same band (for example an OMU for
GSM with a GSM modem).
In this case the OMU will have two ports with
a link between them.
If the link is in place the modem will be
connected to the OMU’s RF in/out via a
coupler. The coupler is either a separate
unit or included in the duplex filter.
If the link is removed an external
antenna can be connected to the top
connector.
Modem
Modem
ANT
ANT
Coupler
Coupler
The wireless
modem is
linked to the
RF in/out via
a coupler
Modem
Modem
ANT
ANT
Coupler
Coupler
An external
antenna is
connected
To external
To external
antenna
antenna
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 23 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Alternative 2
The OMU and the wireless modem operate on different bands
(for example an OMU for TETRA with a GSM modem)
In this case the OMU will have one port where an external
antenna can be connected.
The connector is SMA type.
Modem
ANT
To external
antenna
2.3 Block Diagram
An OMU can be configured in many different ways. These are two examples.
Example 1
In this example the OMU is fed from the back so the links on the UL Combiner and the DL Splitter units are
mounted.
There is a duplex filter and therefore a combined RF in/out.
The wireless modem, which is placed on the Control Module, is connected to the coupler in the filter via the
Modem Antenna Connection Module.
Digital Backplane
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
RF
RF
RF
IN
Power
Module A
Power
Module B
Rack Com Board
Control Module
External Alarm and
Battery Module
OUT
RF
RF
OUT
RF
IN
OUT
DL Splitter
IN
UL Combiner
RF
IN
Opto
Module
RF
OUT
RF
IN
Opto
Module
RF
OUT
RF
IN
Opto
Module
RF
OUT
RF Backplane
Duplex Filter
To coupler for
modem antenna
RF in/out
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 24 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Example 2
In the example below there are separate inputs for Rx and Tx and no duplex filter. An external modem antenna
is connected and linked to the modem on the Control Module.
External Modem A ntenna
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
RF
RF
RF
IN
Power
Module A
Power
Module B
Rack Com Board
External Alar m an d
Control Module
Battery Module
OUT
RF
RF
OUT
RF
IN
OUT
DL Splitter
IN
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
Opto
Module
RF
RF
RF
IN
OUT
UL Combiner
RF
RF
OUT
RF
IN
OUT
IN
Digital Backplane
RF in/out
RF Backplane
2.4 Back Panel
An OMU with one RF in/out The inside of the back lid with two plinths for power
connections, a duplex filter and one RF in/out
The back panel of an OMU unit has a layout as illustrated above. The layout can vary depending on the
configuration.
The connections are:
Plinths for power connections are found on the inside of the back panel. There are two plinths. If two
modules with the same power feed are installed these plinths should be interconnected.
Screw for earthing
N-connector for RF input. There is one connector if the Rx/Tx input is combined and two connections if
the Rx and Tx are to be fed separately.
To gain access to the plinths for power connections, duplex filter, optional attenuators and optional coupler the
back panel needs to be opened. It is fastened with 4 screws.
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 25 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
2.5 Radio Signal and Data Communication Paths
In the downlink the radio signal is tapped from a BTS using a coupler installed in series with the BTS’s antenna
cable. The Fibre Optic Converter in the OMU converts the RF signal to an optical signal and sends it to the
repeater over a fibre.
In the uplink the Fibre Optic Converter receives the optical RF signal from the repeater, converts it to electrical
RF signal and sends it to the BTS. The signal is transferred to the antenna cable using a coupler.
The Control Module in the OMU monitors all units in the OMU.
The Control Module also monitors and controls the repeaters (if they are set up as slaves). The data
communication with the repeaters is handled over the same fibre as the RF signals.
Coupler
BTS
OMU
RF
O
RF + data
Optical
In/Out
Optical
In/Out
Repeater
RFORF
O
Server
Antenna
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 26 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
3 Monitoring and Control
The Optical Master Unit, OMU as well as the whole OMU-Repeater system can be accessed locally on site
through a Local Maintenance Terminal (LMT) port on any of the units in the system, or remotely via modem or
Ethernet.
When an RS232 cable is plugged in to the LMT port or a remote access has been established, there are two
options for communication; terminal mode or RMC mode.
Terminal mode is accessed by using a terminal emulation software, such as HyperTerminal™ or MiniCom
(Linux/Unix) Settings should be AN SI o r VT100 emulation, baud rate 9600, 8 data bits , 1 st op bit , N o
parity and No flow control. A simple command language is used to control the repeater in th is mode.
Repeater Maintenance Console (RMC) mode allows configuration and control of the repeater via a user
friendly Windows software.
Note! All instructions in this chapter assumes that the OMU is controlled using the Repeater Maintenance
Console, RMC.
For terminal mode commands please refer to the documents “Common Commands and Attributes” and “OMU
Commands and Attributes” which contain detailed description of all attributes and commands.
Firmware Documentation Structure
The documents “Common Commands and Attributes” and “OMU Commands and Attributes” together describe
all functionality in the OMU. The Common part contains functionality that is common for all Axell Wireless
repeaters as well as the OMU, and the OMU part contains functionality that is specific for the OMU. For
repeaters there are corresponding documents available.
Help Functions
When being logged in to a unit using the terminal mode the command
HELP
lists all attributes and their modes of operation and displays them in alphabetic order on the screen.
Further help regarding specific commands can be obtained by typing
INF <command>
The INF attribute gives detailed information about a specific attribute.
3.1 Software F eatures - Overview
The firmware in the Control Module controls and monitors all parameters in the unit. If the OMU is configured
as a node master it also handles alarms and heartbeats from slave repeaters connected to it. Statuses and
measured levels can be read online via the RMC. This includes for instance voltage levels, RF-levels and
temperatures.
In the event of a failure, an alarm is logged in the OMU. If the OMU is intergraded in the AEM, the alarm is
also transmitted to the AEM. The OMU can be configured to handle alarms concerning a number of different
parameters. Each alarm can also be individually configured in a number of ways. The OMU stores
approximately 2 000 alarms in a local alarm log. The data stored regarding each alarm is the time at which an
alarm occurred and the alarm information which consists of alarm source, alarm severity, alarm attributes and in
some cases an additional alarm description.
On regular intervals, the OMU can send a heartbeat report to the AEM to confirm that the unit is functioning.
The heartbeat message contains information about the RF-configuration and the alarm sources. It ensures that
the data communication from the OMU to the AEM is working properly. The latest 2 000 heartbeats
(approximately) are stored in a log.
The Control Module contains a battery backed-up real time clock, which will stay active even during a power
failure. The real time clock is used for instance to keep track of when an alarm occurred, when to retransmit an
alarm and at what time of the day to send traffic report to the AEM. If the OMU is controlled by the Axell
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 27 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
Element Manager, the AEM will automatically time synchronize repeaters, to ensure that the time is always set
correctly in the entire repeater network. Slave repeaters are synchronized from the OMU.
3.2 Network Nodes
Note! The description in this section is based on a master-slave set-up of the system, where the OMU is the
node master and the repeaters are the slaves.
An Axell Wireless OMU-Repeater system consists of an OMU and a number of remote nodes (repeaters)
connected to the OMU unit via fibre. During software setup of the system, all nodes installed in the system are
configured in the Control Module. Hence, the node master contains a list of all the repeaters in the system. Once
a node is added to the system, it is also written to all the nodes installed. This means that all nodes in the
repeater system have information about all other nodes, allowing for a very good overview of the entire repeater
system no matter what node the repeater system login is made from.
3.2.1 Node Identification
All nodes have a unique address within the system. This address is based on the serial number of the node.
When the system is installed to the Axell Element Manager, the node master unit is assigned a unique repeater
ID within the AEM database.
This number is on the form:
XX-YY-ZZZZ
where
XX is the AEM installation number within the network
YY is the region number within the AEM-system
ZZZZ is the site installation number
Within the repeater system, all slave nodes (repeaters) are given a unique ID, based on the AEM assigned ID.
The nodes share the XX-YY- part of the master ID, but the ZZZZ is replaced by the node’s serial number.
Example:
If the node master’s ID is 17-42-4711 and the serial number for a node in the system is 23BJ. The node’s ID
will be 17-42-23BJ.
3.2.2 Node Addressing Modes
When logging in to the OMU-repeater system, it is possible to view information about any of the nodes in the
system, as long as they are added to the node list. All nodes can be addressed in four different ways, all starting
with the @-sign.
Numeric Addressing
Each node in the network gets a unique ID-number in the Node List as they are added to the system. Node 0 is
always the master node.
Addressing is on the format:
@K
K from 0 to N where N is number of nodes
Reading a parameter from node 3 is entered as:
AVITEC AB> @3 GET ATD
14
Serial Number Addressing
A node can be accessed using the serial number of the node.
Example:
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 28 (86)
Optical Master Unit
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND USER’S MANUAL
AVITEC AB> @2J34 GET MDL
BSF424-I
AVITEC AB>
Node ID Addressing
A node can also be addressed using the full Node ID.
Example:
AVITEC AB> @01-01-2J34 GET TAG
SITE3_TUNNEL_OPENING
AVITEC AB>
Direct Node Addressing
When many attributes are intended for another node, the user can enter Direct Node Access mode, where the
node the user is logged in redirects all commands to the destination node. This mode is configured by sending
the command:
SET DNA [Node Address]
where any of the node addressing modes can be used as Node Address.
When going into direct node addressing, the command prompt is changed to reflect what node is currently
addressed:
AVITEC AB> SET DNA 2J34
AVITEC AB @2J34>
Refer to attribute DNA in OMU Command and Attribute Summary for further details on direct node addressing.
3.2.3 System Wide Parameters
System Wide Parameters are parameters that when configured should be written to all nodes in the system.
When setting a system wide parameter, the parameter is always set in the node master, which is then
responsible for setting the parameter to all other nodes. If attempting to set a system wide parameter from a
node as access to the node master is not available, setting the parameter will fail.
The following “standard” parameters are treated as system wide parameters (please refer to OMU Command
and Attribute Summary for details):
LMT Local Maintenance Terminal timeout
TIM Setting the time
DAT Setting the date
TPD Setting the time for sending traffic / utilization report to the AEM
UID User ID’s
PWD Passwords
RID Repeater ID
In slave repeaters the OMU is responsible for the communication with the AEM.
3.2.4 Node Access
An operator can login to the OMU-Repeater system from any node in the network and access all parameters in
all nodes, including those in the node master unit. This can be done using a serial cable connected to the node’s
LMT-port or by remote access over a modem or Ethernet.
Select “System Nodes”
© Axell Wireless Ltd A1829300 rev H 29 (86)
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