Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 3 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Scope and Purpose of Document
This handbook is for use solely with the equipment identified by the Axell Wireless Limited (AWL) Part
Number shown on the front cover. It is not to be used with any other equipment unless specifically
authorised by AWL. This is a controlled release document and, as such, becomes a part of the Axell
Wireless Total Quality Management System. Alterations and modification may therefore only be
performed by Axell Wireless.
AWL recommends that the installer of this equipment familiarise themselves with the safety and
installation procedures contained within this document before installation commences.
The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user/maintainer with sufficient information to service
and repair the equipment to the level agreed. Maintenance and adjustments to any deeper level must
be performed by AWL, normally at the company’s repair facility in Chesham, England.
This handbook has been prepared in accordance with BS 4884, and AWL’s Quality procedures, which
maintain the company’s registration to BS EN ISO 9001:2000 and to the R&TTE Directive of the
European Parliament. Copies of the relevant certificates and the company Quality Manual can be
supplied on application to the Quality Manager.
This document fulfils the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the R&TTE Directive.
1.2. Limitation of Liability Notice
This manual is written for the use of technically competent operators/service persons. No liability is
accepted by AWL for use or misuse of this manual, the information contained therein, or the
consequences of any actions resulting from the use of the said information, including, but not limited
to, descriptive, procedural, typographical, arithmetical, or listing errors.
Furthermore, AWL does not warrant the absolute accuracy of the information contained within this
manual, or its completeness, fitness for purpose, or scope.
AWL has a policy of continuous product development and enhancement, and as such, reserves the
right to amend, alter, update and generally change the contents, appearance and pertinence of this
document without notice.
All AWL products carry a twelve month warranty from date of shipment. The warranty is expressly on
a return to base repair or exchange basis and the warranty cover does not extend to on-site repair or
complete unit exchange.
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 4 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
2. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
2.1. Earthing of Equipment
Equipment supplied from the mains must be connected to grounded outlets and earthed
in conformity with appropriate local, national and international electricity supply and
safety regulations.
2.2. Electric Shock Hazard
The risk of electrical shocks due to faulty mains driven power supplies whilst
potentially ever present in any electrical equipment, would be minimised by adherence
to good installation practice and thorough testing at the following stages:
a) Original assembly.
b) Commissioning.
All test equipment must be in good working order prior to its use. High current power supplies can be
dangerous because of the possibility of substantial arcing. Always switch off during disconnection and
reconnection.
c) Regular intervals, thereafter.
2.3. RF Radiation Hazard
RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs
connected to AWL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard.
This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a
‘spare’ output has been left un-terminated. Either of these conditions would impair the
system’s efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all
removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the
impedance of an N type connector at 50, and that of free space at 377, which would severely
mitigate against the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could also be a hazard, if
any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched!
Antenna positions should be chosen to comply with requirements (both local & statutory) regarding
exposure of personnel to RF radiation. When connected to an antenna, the unit is capable of
producing RF field strengths, which may exceed guideline safe values especially if used with
antennas having appreciable gain. In this regard the use of directional antennas with backscreens
and a strict site rule that personnel must remain behind the screen while the RF power is on, is
strongly recommended.
Where the equipment is used near power lines or in association with temporary masts not having
lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is strongly advised.
RF power sources have been
2.4. Lifting and other Health and Safety Recommendations
Certain items of AWL equipment are heavy and care should be taken when lifting them
by hand. Ensure that a suitable number of personnel, appropriate lifting apparatus
and appropriate personal protective equipment is used especially when installing Cell
Enhancers above ground e.g. on a mast or pole.
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 5 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
2.5. Chemical Hazard
Beryllium Oxide, also known as Beryllium Monoxide, or Thermalox™, is sometimes
used in devices within equipment produced by Axell Wireless Ltd. Beryllium oxide dust
can be toxic if inhaled, leading to chronic respiratory problems. It is harmless if
ingested or by contact.
Products that contain beryllium are load terminations (dummy loads) and some power amplifiers.
These products can be identified by a yellow and black “skull and crossbones” danger symbol (shown
above). They are marked as hazardous in line with international regulations, but pose no threat under
normal circumstances. Only if a component containing beryllium oxide has suffered catastrophic
failure, or exploded, will there be any danger of the formation of dust. Any dust that has been created
will be contained within the equipment module as long as the module remains sealed. For this reason,
any module carrying the yellow and black danger sign should not be opened. If the equipment is
suspected of failure, or is at the end of its life-cycle, it must be returned to Axell Wireless Ltd. for
disposal.
To return such equipment, please contact the Quality Department, who will give you a Returned
Materials Authorisation (RMA) number. Please quote this number on the packing documents, and on
all correspondence relating to the shipment.
PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, (P.T.F.E.) and P.T.F.E. Composite Materials
Many modules/components in AWL equipment contain P.T.F.E. as part of the RF insulation barrier.
This material should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any person
feeling drowsy after coming into contact with P.T.F.E. especially dust or fumes should seek medical
attention.
2.6. Laser safety
General good working practices
adapted from EN60825-2: 2004/ EC 60825-2:2004
Do not stare with unprotected eyes or with any unapproved optical device at the fibre
ends or connector faces or point them at other people, Use only approved filtered or
attenuating viewing aids.
Any single or multiple fibre end or ends found not to be terminated (for example, matched, spliced)
shall be individually or collectively covered when not being worked on. They shall not be readily
visible and sharp ends shall not be exposed.
When using test cords, the optical power source shall be the last connected and the first
disconnected; use only approved methods for cleaning and preparing optical fibres and optical
connectors.
Always keep optical connectors covered to avoid physical damage and do not allow any dirt/foreign
material ingress on the optical connector bulkheads.
The optical fibre jumper cable maximum bend radius is 3cm; any smaller radii may result in optical
cable breakage or excessive transmission losses.
Caution: The FO units are NOT
weather proof.
2.7. Emergency Contact Numbers
The AWL Quality Department can be contacted on:
Telephone +44 (0)1494 777000
Fax. +44 (0)1494 777002
e-mail
qa@axellwireless.com
Axell Wireless Limited
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 6 of 50
3. Equipment Overview
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater 50-157401
The repeater consists of 10 rack mount chassis housed in a 43U, 19” equipment mounting rack
Downlink signals are received from the RX antenna and passed into the Downlink Splitter/Combiner
shelf 50-157402. The signal is passes through a bandpass filter to remove out of band noise and then
passes through a low noise amplifier. The signal is then split into three separate paths, each path
then leaves the Splitter/Combiner shelf and passes into the channel module shelves, (Qty. 2, 6
channel shelves (50-157403) and a 3 channel shelf (50-157404) providing 15 channels) where the
channel modules ‘pick-out’ the required channels from within the frequency band, providing
selectivity, automatic gain levelling.
After leaving the channel modules the signals are re-combined and pass back into the
Splitter/Combiner where the signal passes through a 1W power amplifier. After the signal has been
amplified it again leaves the Splitter/Combiner shelf to pass through 100W Amplifier Shelf 80-245103
then returns to the Splitter/Combiner shelf to pass through a further bandpass filter before being
passed through a hybrid splitter/combiner (which separates the downlink from the uplink) and then the
signal exits the Splitter/Combiner shelf and is passed to the two LCX cables.
Uplink signals are received into Splitter/Combiner shelf 50-157402 from the LCX cables and pass
through the hybrid splitter/combiner before exiting the Splitter/Combiner shelf and entering the first of
the two Triplexer shelves 50-157405. This first Triplexer shelf splits the Uplink signal into three paths,
each path then passes through its own dedicated 5W Amplifier shelf 50-157406, each shelf provides
amplification and further bandpass filtering. After the three signals leave the 5W amplifier shelves they
enter the second Triplexer shelf where the three paths are combined to produce a single output which
is then passed to the TX Antenna.
The main RF connections to the rack are made to a patch-panel located on the lid of the rack
Downlink Splitter/Combiner shelf 50-157402 also contains two PSUs which are fed by a 110V AC
mains input, the AC connection is made via a terminal block mounted inside in the top of the rack.
The PSUs provides 2, 24V DC outputs to power the amplifier modules in 100W Amplifier Shelf 80245103 and 6, 12V DC outputs to power the Channel Module racks and the 5W Uplink Amplifier
Shelves.
All the Amplifier Shelves and the Channel Module shelves are equipped with alarm outputs which are
terminated at a Krone Block mounted inside at the top of the rack. There are two cable glands
mounted in the lid of the rack; one allows the AC mains cable to enter and the other allows the alarm
cable to exit.
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 7 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
3.1. 15 Channel Repeater 50-157401 Rack layout
Drawing Number 50-157451
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 8 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
3.2. 15 Channel Repeater 50-157401 Overall System Diagram
Drawing Number 50-157481
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 9 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
3.3. 15 Channel Repeater 50-157401 Illustrations
3.3.1. Front View
A Downlink 100W Amplifier 80-245103
B Downlink Splitter/Combiner 50-157402
C Channel Module Shelf 1 (channels 1 to 6) 50-157403
D Channel Module Shelf 2 (channels 7 to12) 50-157403
E Channel Module Shelf 3 (channels 13 to 15) 50-157404
F Uplink Splitting Triplexer 50-157405
G Uplink 5W Amplifier 1 ( 412.95 to 413.65MHz) 50-157406
H Uplink 5W Amplifier 2 ( 415.88 to 417.20MHz) 50-157406
I Uplink 5W Amplifier 3 ( 419.05 to 420.00MHz) 50-157406
J Uplink Combining Triplexer 50-157405
K 1U Blanking Panels
L Rack Door
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 10 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
3.3.2. Rear View
A Downlink 100W Amplifier 80-245103
B Downlink Splitter/Combiner 50-157402
C Channel Module Shelf 1 (channels 1 to 6) 50-157403
D Channel Module Shelf 2 (channels 7 to12) 50-157403
E Channel Module Shelf 3 (channels 13 to 15) 50-157404
F Uplink Splitting Triplexer 50-157405
G Uplink 5W Amplifier 1 ( 412.95 to 413.65MHz) 50-157406
H Uplink 5W Amplifier 2 ( 415.88 to 417.20MHz) 50-157406
I Uplink 5W Amplifier 3 ( 419.05 to 420.00MHz) 50-157406
J Uplink Combining Triplexer 50-157405
K AC Input terminal block
L Alarm Krone Block
M RF Connector Patch Panel
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 11 of 50
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 13 of 50
15 Channel UHF Hybrid Select Repeater
4.1. Downlink Splitter/Combiner 50-157402
Downlink Splitter/Combiner 50-157402 is housed in an 8U rack mount chassis.
Downlink signals are received from the RX antenna via the port labelled “RX ANT” in the top of the
rack and are fed down to enter the Downlink Splitter/Combiner via the port labelled “RX ANT”
The downlink signal is first passed through a bandpass filter (02-011204) to reject out-of-band noise
and then a 30dB Low Noise Amplifier (11-007402). Next the signal; passes through a switched
attenuator (10-000701) which provides up to 30dB of signal attenuation in 2dB steps. The adjustment
switches for this attenuator are accessible on the back panel of the shelf. After leaving the attenuator
the signal is passed through a second Low Noise Amplifier (11-007302) this time providing 20dB of
signal gain.
After leaving the second Low Noise Amplifier the signal is split into three equal paths by a
Splitter/Combiner (05-003803) each of the three signal paths then leaves the Downlink
Splitter/Combiner for the Channel Module Shelves (50-157403 & 50-157404), via the SMA ports
labelled “A”, “B” and “C”.
Port A takes the signal to Channel Module Shelf 1 (50-157403) which houses the channel selectivity
modules for channels 1 to 6.
Port B takes the signal to Channel Module Shelf 2 (50-157403) which houses the channel selectivity
modules for channels 7 to 12.
Port C takes the signal to Channel Module Shelf 3 (50-157404) which houses the channel selectivity
modules for channels 13 to 15.
The signals from the Channel Module Shelves re-enter the Downlink Splitter/Combiner via the SMA
ports labelled “D”, “E” and “F”.
Port D is the input from Channel Module Shelf 1, channels 1 to 6.
Port E is the input from Channel Module Shelf 2, channels 7 to 12.
Port F is the input from Channel Module Shelf 3, channels 13 to 15.
After the three signal paths from the Channel Module Shelves re-enter the Downlink Splitter/Combiner
they are combined by a second Splitter/Combiner (05-003803), the combined signal then passes
through a second switched attenuator (10-000701); this attenuator is factory pre-set to its required
value, is not accessible and requires no adjustment. After leaving the attenuator the signal is passed
through a 1W Power Amplifier (12-021801) providing 15dB of gain.
The Downlink signal now exits the Downlink Splitter/Combiner shelf again via the SMA port labelled
“RF O/P” on the front panel, this output goes to the 100W Amplifier shelf (80-245103), after leaving
the 100W Amplifier shelf the signal re-enters the Downlink Splitter/Combiner shelf via the SMA port
labelled “RF I/P” on the front panel. The signal is then passed through a second bandpass filter (02-
011204) to further reject out-of-band noise and then the signal enters 4 Port Hybrid Coupler (05-
000101) where the signal is split into two paths, each path then leaves the Downlink Splitter/Combiner
shelf via the ports labelled “LCX 1” and “LCX 2” and are fed up to the ports in the top of the rack, also
labelled “LCX 1” and “LCX 2”, from here the connection is made to the LCX Cables.
The Uplink signals are received from the two LCX Cables at the ports labelled “LCX1” and “LCX2” in
the top of the rack and fed down to enter the Downlink Splitter/Combiner 50-157402 via the Ports
labelled “LCX 1” and “LCX 2”, the signal enters 4 Port Hybrid Coupler (05-000101) where the two
signal paths are combined into a into a single path which then leaves the Downlink Splitter/Combiner
for the first of the Uplink Triplexer Shelves 50-157405 via the port labelled “N”
Axell Wireless Limited
Technical Literature
Document Number 50-157401HBK Issue No. 1 Date 26/03/2008 Page 14 of 50