This handbook is for use solely with the equipment identified by the AFL Part Number shown on the
front cover. It is not to be used with any other equipment unless specifically authorised by Aerial
Facilities Limited. This is a controlled release document and, as such, becomes a part of Aerial
Facilities’ Total Quality Management System. Alterations and modification may therefore only be
performed by Aerial Facilities Ltd.
AFL recommends that the installer of this equipment familiarise themselves with the safety and
installation procedures contained within this document before installation commences.
The purpose of this handbook is to provide the user/maintainer with sufficient information to service
and repair the equipment to the level agreed. Maintenance and adjustments to any deeper level must
be performed by AFL, normally at the company’s repair facility in Chesham, England.
This handbook has been prepared in accordance with BS 4884, and AFL’s Quality procedures, which
maintain the company’s registration to BS EN ISO 9001:2000 and to the R&TTE Directive of the
European Parliament. Copies of the relevant certificates and the company Quality Manual can be
supplied on application to the Quality Manager.
This document fulfils the relevant requirements of Article 6 of the R&TTE Directive.
Limitation of Liability Notice
This manual is written for the use of technically competent operators/service persons. No liability is
accepted by AFL for use or misuse of this manual, the information contained therein, or the
consequences of any actions resulting from the use of the said information, including, but not limited
to, descriptive, procedural, typographical, arithmetical, or listing errors.
Furthermore, AFL does not warrant the absolute accuracy of the information contained within this
manual, or its completeness, fitness for purpose, or scope.
AFL has a policy of continuous product development and enhancement, and as such, reserves the
right to amend, alter, update and generally change the contents, appearance and pertinence of this
document without notice.
All AFL products carry a twelve month warranty from date of shipment. The warranty is expressly on a
return to base repair or exchange basis and the warranty cover does not extend to on-site repair or
complete unit exchange.
Bronx Justice Centre Radio Repeaters
Handbook Number: 80-283501HBKM Page: 5 of 86
2. SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
2.1 Earthing of Equipment
Cell Enhancers supplied from the mains must be connected to grounded outlets and
earthed in conformity with appropriate local, national and international electricity supply
and safety regulations.
2.2 Electric Shock Hazard
Electrical shocks due to faulty mains driven power supplies.
Whilst ever potentially present in any electrical equipment, such a condition would be
minimised by quality installation practice and thorough testing at:
a) Original assembly
b) Commissioning
c) Regular intervals, thereafter.
All test equipment to be in good working order prior to its use. High current power supplies can be
dangerous because of the possibility of substantial arcing. Always switch off during disconnection and
reconnection.
2.3 RF Radiation Hazard
RF radiation, (especially at UHF frequencies) arising from transmitter outputs
connected to AFL’s equipment, must be considered a safety hazard.
This condition might only occur in the event of cable disconnection, or because a
‘spare’ output has been left un-terminated. Either of these conditions would impair the
system’s efficiency. No investigation should be carried out until all RF power sources have been
removed. This would always be a wise precaution, despite the severe mismatch between the
impedance of an N type connector at 50, and that of free space at 377, which would severely
mitigate against the efficient radiation of RF power. Radio frequency burns could also be a hazard, if
any RF power carrying components were to be carelessly touched!
Antenna positions should be chosen to comply with requirements (both local & statutory) regarding
exposure of personnel to RF radiation. When connected to an antenna, the unit is capable of
producing RF field strengths, which may exceed guideline safe values especially if used with
antennas having appreciable gain. In this regard the use of directional antennas with backscreens
and a strict site rule that personnel must remain behind the screen while the RF power is on, is
strongly recommended.
Where the equipment is used near power lines or in association with temporary masts not having
lightning protection, the use of a safety earth connected to the case-earthing bolt is strongly advised.
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Handbook Number: 80-283501HBKM Page: 6 of 86
2.4 Chemical Hazard
Beryllium Oxide, also known as Beryllium Monoxide, or Thermalox™, is sometimes
used in devices within equipment produced by Aerial Facilities Ltd. Beryllium oxide
dust can be toxic if inhaled, leading to chronic respiratory problems. It is harmless if
ingested or by contact.
Products that contain beryllium are load terminations (dummy loads) and some power amplifier
transistors. These products can be identified by a yellow and black “skull and crossbones” danger
symbol (shown above). They are marked as hazardous in line with international regulations, but pose
no threat under normal circumstances. Only if a component containing beryllium oxide has suffered
catastrophic failure, or exploded, will there be any danger of the formation of dust. Any dust that has
been created will be contained within the equipment module as long as the module remains sealed.
For this reason, any module carrying the yellow and black danger sign should not be opened. If the
equipment is suspected of failure, or is at the end of its life-cycle, it must be returned to Aerial
Facilities Ltd for disposal.
To return such equipment, please contact the Quality Department, who will give you a Returned
Materials Authorisation (RMA) number. Please quote this number on the packing documents, and on
all correspondence relating to the shipment.
PolyTetraFluoroEthylene, (P.T.F.E.) and P.T.F.E. Composite Materials
Many modules/components in AFL equipment contain P.T.F.E. as part of the RF insulation barrier.
This material should never be heated to the point where smoke or fumes are evolved. Any person
feeling drowsy after coming into contact with P.T.F.E. especially dust or fumes should seek medical
attention.
2.5 Laser Safety
General working practices adapted from EN60825-2: 2000
“Do not stare with unprotected eyes or with any unapproved optical device at the fibre
ends or connector faces or point them at other people.”
“Use only approved filtered or attenuating viewing aids.”
“Any single or multiple fibre end or ends found not to be terminated (for example,
matched, spliced) shall be individually or collectively covered when not being worked
on. They shall not be readily visible and sharp ends shall not be exposed.”
“When using test cords, the optical power source shall be the last connected and the first
disconnected.”
“Use only approved methods for cleaning and preparing optical fibres and optical connectors.”
Always keep optical connectors covered to avoid physical damage
Do not allow any dirt/foreign material ingress on the optical connector bulkheads.
The optical fibre jumper cable maximum bend radius is 3cm; any smaller radii may result in optical
cable breakage or excessive transmission losses.
Note: Not all AFL products use fibre optic units and they are NOT weather proof.
The New York Justice Centre needs three different frequency bands of radio coverage within its
designated areas, each having specific channel allocations, some of which are simplex type, i.e. Tx &
RX on a single frequency, and some duplex where the Tx & Rx are on two different frequencies so
that both parties may transmit (or receive) simultaneously.
The AFL equipment supplied for this task is in several different parts:
All the cell enhancers have two switched attenuators in each path, a 0-30dB device to adjust the
signal level entering the channel selective module, and a 0-15dB unit which varies the output power
(after the channel module) that drives the leaky feeder antennas. In this way the system may be finely
tuned to both receive and transmit at the correct levels.
Each cell enhancer will be described separately in this document but where enhancers have common
modules, these will be detailed only once.
An alarm system is fitted that monitors all active devices and is easily integrated into any series ‘loop’
type system (where any break will trigger an alarm and show a local fault LED in the area where the
fault originated).
The VHF cell enhancer, built into ten 19” wide shelves and housed in a 43U high equipment rack, is a
mixture of simplex (Tx & Rx on one frequency) and duplex (Tx & Rx on two separate frequencies)
systems, three simplex and two duplex. There are separate Rx and Tx antennæ for the VHF and UHF
bands and a composite antenna for the 800MHz bi-directional system. All VHF input channels, up and
downlink are selected by narrow band crystal filters, and all outputs have ferrite isolators fitted in
series to increase the isolation between adjacent channels and protect the transistors of the power
stages from possibly damaging reflections. Each active module has a volt-free relay contact pair
alarm which is looped to provide a normally-closed system. The inputs and outputs are handled by
combining and splitting shelves and the channel processing and amplification is all within the BDA
channel shelves.
The simplex Tx/Rx system relies upon noise-free paths to enable accurate detection and muting to
occur and for this reason it is not recommended to disturb these circuits as they are carefully set up
by AFL when system tested and should not be adjusted except by expert personnel.
A dedicated power supply shelf provides the DC needed by the VHF system, (a similar power supply
is used in the UHF system also), and all alarms are volt-free relay contact pairs, looped in each shelf
to provide a summary alarm with local failure indicator, suitable for integration into any such existing
system. No battery backup is provided for this system and so should the mains supply fail, this system
could not function.
The five (downlink) channels are received from the output ports of the individual bi-directional
amplifier shelves and coupled together through hybrids, except for channel 2 which, being a
substantially higher frequency than the other four, has its own path through a dedicated bandpass
filter at the output of which the other four combined frequencies and channel 2 meet. The single
signal path is then passed through a divider to two equal level downlink output ports, VHF1 & VHF2.
This is a passive shelf and has no connection to the PSU and no alarms
4.1.5.2Technical Specification
PARAMETERSPECIFICATION
Shelf
dimensions:
Height:3U
Width:19" (482.6mm)
Depth:<450mm (excluding connectors & handles)
operational:-20°C to +60°C Temperature
range:
storage:-40°C to +70°C
Weight:<10kg
Frequency ranges passed:153.965 to 154.980 & 158.925MHz
Impedance:50ȍ
Humidity:5 – 95% non-condensing
RF Connectors:N type female
Environmental protection:IP44
Case:Iridite NCP coat
Finish
Heatsinks:None
Handles:Silver anodised aluminium alloy
Fascia:Painted to RAL7035
4.1.6.3Parts List
AFL Part # Part Description Qty.
01-003105 SD NOTCH FILT.N 6 SECT.VHF H/B SMA 2
05-000101 TRANSMITTER HYBRID COUPLER (4 PORT) 1
05-000103 TX HYBRID COUPLER 3 PORT (NO HEATSINK) 3
19-000922K 3U CHASSIS KIT (450mm deep) 1
91-030002 N ADAPTOR PANEL FEMALE:FEMALE 8
91-130001 SMA ADAPT 'T' ALL FEMALE 3 GHz 1
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Handbook Number: 80-283501HBKM Page: 13 of 86
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