Axel Falcon 35, Falcon 35 FM, Falcon 35 ST Operating Manual

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Falcon 35

FM & ST

Digital FM Processor

Operating manual

(Rel. 2.6)

Via Caduti Di Sabbiuno 6/F - 40011 Anzola Emilia - Bologna - Italy - Tel.+ 39 051 736555 - Fax .+ 39 051 736170

e-mail: info@axeltechnology.com

- web site: www.axeltechnology.com

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ENG

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................................3

2 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................5

3 AVAILABLE VERSIONS.......................................................................................................................7

3.1 FM VERS I O N .................................................................................................................................................7

3.2 ST VERSION...................................................................................................................................................7

4 BLOCK DIAGRAMS.............................................................................................................................8

4.1 FM VERSION – BLOCK DIAGRAM...........................................................................................................8

4.2 ST VERSION – BLOCK DIAGRAM............................................................................................................9

5 FOREWORD.......................................................................................................................................11

6 SAFETY WARNINGS..........................................................................................................................12

7 CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTANTES....................................................................................14

8 ISTRUZIONI IMPORTANTI PER LA SICUREZZA...............................................................................16

9 WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE.................................................................................................18

10 INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD .....................................................................20

11 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION....................................................................................................22

12 FIRST INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATION S..............................................................................23

12.1 POWER SUPPLY CABLE..........................................................................................................................23

12.2 AC MAINS VOLTAGE SETTING (230 V / 115 V).....................................................................................23

12.3 FUSE REPLACEMENT.............................................................................................................................24

12.4 REMOVING THE EQUIPMENT TOP COVER ..........................................................................................24

12.5 RACK MOUNTING THE UNIT .................................................................................................................25

12.6 VENTILATION.........................................................................................................................................25

12.7 PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING ....................................................................................................25

13 I/O BASIC SETTINGS.....................................................................................................................26

13.1 ANALOG AUDIO INPUT IMPEDANCE...................................................................................................26

13.2 DIGITAL INPUT IMPEDANCE ..........................................................................................................................26

13.3 50 US / 75 US OUTPUT PREEMPHASIS SETTING (FM VERSION ONLY)...............................................27

13.4 MPX OUTPUT SETTINGS........................................................................................................................27

14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION..............................................................................................................28

14.1 REAR PANEL VIEW (FM & ST) ...............................................................................................................28

14.2 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND SIGNALLINGS ..................................................................................29

14.3 DISPLAY DESCRIPTION.........................................................................................................................30

14.4 LCD BACKLIGHT CONTROL..................................................................................................................31

15 AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING.........................................................................................32

15.1 ANALOG AUDIO INPUT..........................................................................................................................32

15.2 DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT *........................................................................................................................33

8.2.1 Converting between AES/EBU and S/PDIF interfaces..........................................................................33

15.3 DIGITAL AUDIO OUTPUT **..................................................................................................................34

15.4 ANALOG AUDIO OUTPUT...................................................................................................................... 34

15.5 SERIAL PORTS.........................................................................................................................................35

16 MPX BOARD CONNECTIONS (FM VERSION ONLY).....................................................................36

16.1 MPX BOARD – BLOCK DIAGRAM .........................................................................................................37

16.2 DEFAULT MPX BOARD CONFIGURATION (FM-MPX VERSION ONLY)............................................38

17 THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VE R SION ONLY ).....................................................................................39

17.1 HOW TO ACTIVATE THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONLY)..........................................................40

18 BROWSIN G THE MENU TREE.......................................................................................................42

18.1 FM VERSION – MENU TREE...................................................................................................................44

18.2 ST VERSION – MENU TREE....................................................................................................................45

19 I/O CALIBRATION AND SYSTEM SETUP......................................................................................46

19.1 ANALOG / DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT SELECTION...................................................................................46

19.2 ANALOG INPUT LEVEL ADJUSTMENT.................................................................................................47

19.3 MONO / STEREO INPUT OPERATION (ST VERSION ONLY)................................................................... 48

19.4 VOICE CONTROL.....................................................................................................................................48

19.5 AGC SPEED ..............................................................................................................................................49

19.6 AGC MODE........................................................................................................................... ....................50

19.7 ANALOG OUTPUT PRE-EMPHASIS .......................................................................................................51

19.8 DIGITAL AUDIO OUTPUT PRE-EMPHASIS (ST VERSION ONLY)............................................................52

19.9 ANALOG OUTPUT LEVEL ......................................................................................................................53

19.10 DIGITAL AUDIO OUTPUT LEVEL......................................................................................................53

Page 3

TABLE OF CONTENTS

19.11 MPX OUTPUT LEVEL (FM VERSION ONLY)*......................................................................................... 54

19.12 MPX OUTPUT PREEMPHASIS (FM VERSION ONLY)* ...........................................................................55

19.13 PILOT CALIBRATION (FM VERSION ONLY) * .......................................................................................55

19.14 RDS SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL (FM VERSION ONLY) ***...................................................................56

19.15 POWER LIMITER CONTROL ITU 412 (ST VERSION ONLY) ...................................................................57

20 ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS......................................................................................................... 59

20.1 SERIAL PORT ENABLING (SERIAL MODULE) ..........................................................................................59

20.2 STEREO ENHANCEMENT SETTING (STRENH MODULE)........................................................................59

20.3 NOISE GATE SETTING (NOISE GATE) ......................................................................................................60

20.4 READING OUT THE FIRMWARE CODE ......................................................................................................61

20.5 READING OUT THE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE ......................................................................................61

20.6 READING OUT THE FIRMWARE VERS I O N ..................................................................................................61

20.7 CHANGING THE OPERATING MODE (OUTPUT MODE)............................................................................62

21 CHOOSING THE PROCESSING CURVE (FM and ST)...................................................................63

21.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................63

21.2 HEAVILY SPOKEN PROGRAMS.............................................................................................................63

21.3 HEAVILY MUSICAL PROGRAMS...........................................................................................................63

21.4 CREATING A NEW CURVE VIA THE MENU..........................................................................................64

22 THE PC CONTROL SOFTWARE (FM and ST versions)................................................................69

22.1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................................69

22.2 BIDIRECTIONAL MODE (DIRECT CONTROL)......................................................................................70

22.3 MONO-DIRECTIONAL MODE (REMOTE)..............................................................................................71

22.4 INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................................72

22.5 SOFTWARE SETUP..................................................................................................................................73

22.6 LOAD, SAVE AND RESTORE FUNCTIONS............................................................................................74

22.7 LOADING AN EXISTING CONFIGURATION.........................................................................................74

22.8 SAVING THE CURRENT CONFIGURATION..........................................................................................75

22.9 THE ‘RESTORE’ FUNCTION ...................................................................................................................75

22.10 BI-DIRECTIONAL CONNECTION MODE...........................................................................................76

22.11 THE ‘TARGET NAME AND GROUP NAME’ IDENTIFIERS ...............................................................77

22.12 PROCESSOR PANEL LOCK FUNCTION .............................................................................................77

22.13 UNIDIRECTIONAL CONNECTION MODE..........................................................................................78

23 USING THE RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)............................................................................80

23.1 MAIN SCREEN .........................................................................................................................................80

23.2 RDS SERVICES - QUICK SUMMARY......................................................................................................81

23.3 TA REMOTE CONTROL TROUGH OPTO INTERFACE..........................................................................82

23.4 PS (PROGRAM SERVICE NAME) PANEL.......................................................................................................84

23.5 SINGLE PS OR PS SEQUENCES...............................................................................................................85

23.6 PS IN SCROLLING MODE........................................................................................................................86

23.7 HINTS AND TIPS ABOUT DYNAMIC PS MODE.....................................................................................87

23.8 ALTERNATIVE FREQUENCIES LIST.....................................................................................................88

23.9 AF METHODS A AND B...........................................................................................................................89

23.10 HOW TO GET IT ....................................................................................................................................91

24 FIRMWARE UPGRADE...................................................................................................................92

25 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - FM version ................................................................................96

26 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - ST version.................................................................................98

27 WARRANTY....................................................................................................................................99

ENG

Page 4

INTRODUCTION

ENG

2 INTRODUCTION

Thank you for choosing this easy to u se, digital 5 band audio processor f or Fm band and satellite radio

broadcasting. The processing i s based on 5 c ompressor s for t he Bass, Mi d1, Mid2, Mid3 and High audi o bands. Sev er al,

easily modif ied parameters strongl y affect t he colour and richness of t he sound. 30 pre-program med curv es and 10 user- editabl e c urves allow all users (even un-skilled) to achieve astonishing results. The digital audio processor is the result of years of experience by a team made up of radio technicians, psycho-acoustic experts and designers specialized in the development of professional audio equipment based on DSP technol ogy.

At the input, the sophisti cat ed AGC (Automati c Gain Control ) stage compensates f or i nput vari ations, always keeping the curr ent internal signal at the optimal lev el. A wide i nput dynami c range int erfaces with any audi o source.

A top quality, built -in digit al St ereo Enhancer comes with t he unit. It f eatures all t he confi guration par ameter s needed to reach t he desi red stereophoni c ef f ect. T he Stereo Enhanc er add s it s eff ect only when necessary, ensuring already ster eo emphasized materials are kept unal tered.

The processor co mes with a powerful and rel iable software specifically design ed for remote/direct equipment programming and control. Through a Windows PC, the software allows the remote monitoring and con t rol of each pro cessor stage.

The range comprises:

FM version: featuring MPX and RDS encoders built-in ST version: feat uring processed, separated Left and Right audio outputs WEB version: ideal for audio streaming on the Web TV version: expressly desi gned for the audio in TV

MAIN ADVANTAGES

- A single device instead of four unit s: extr aordinary savings of both space and money.

- No more compatibility problem s in connecting equipment of different types and manufacturers.

- Fully digital signal processing: t op audio quality from the console desk to the final T X.

- A single software applicati on for both local and remote control, to greatly simplify broadcast management.

HIGHLIGHTS

- The processor offer s 30 pre- pr ogr ammed templates, allowing you to c ustomi z e all pr oc essing parameters to substant ially vary the sound color and enhancement, so that even novice operators can create a superb and unique sound to identify their radio station.

- The sophisticated AGC (Automatic Gain Control) system compensates for input level v ari ations, always keeping the act ual si gnal at 0dB.

The AGC setting par am eters i ncl ude: AGC Speed, MaxGain, Hold time and freezing threshold (GATE).

Page 5

INTRODUCTION

- The digital input supports AES3/EBU, S/PDIF audio formats and does not require any special setting since it can recogniz e the injected signal and configure it autom atically.

- The digital, top quality Stereo Enhancer features all the setting parameters needed to reach the acoustic eff ect y ou’ v e always wanted (Effect Depth, Effect Band, Eff ect Lev el) .

As it is fully built in into the processor, the module is completely harmonized with other signal processing secti ons.

- The fully digital MPX stereo coder built-in ensures the best com promise between signal density and observing modulation limits.

- The processor is com pletely rem ovable via seri al ports (optoi solated) and can be control led directl y by PC or via satellite.

- The processor also feat ures a full di gital RDS encoder. T he RDS programming t akes place through a dedicated PC software interface.

- The Falcon 35 MKII features two hardware bypass: the first one connects the Right / Left audio input to the Right / Left audio out put (on XLR connec tor s) i n the ev ent of Mai n A C fail ure. The second hard ware bypass directly connects the AUX-1 Bnc to the OUT-1 Bnc, also in the ev ent of Main A C failure.

NOTE: the p resent manu al describes th e processor in i ts complete co nfigurati on. Depending on the chosen configuration and on the chosen options, Yr actual equipment might not provide some of the here-below described features or controls.

ENG

Page 6

AVAILABLE VERSIONS

ENG

3 AVAILABLE VERSIONS

3.1 FM VERSION

Thanks to its stat e-of-the- art digital technology, t he processor integrat es, as an option, a S tereo MPX coder (includi ng c om posi te clipper) and a RDS coder.

The digital MPX stereo coder (optional) represents the i deal ‘final touch’ of processing. As it is directl y built-in, it i s totally harmonized with all other signal processing stag es and ensures the best results in signal density while adhering to modulati on limits.

The digital RDS coder (optional) provides all the CENELEC basic servic es : PS, PI, PTY, M/S, AF, RT, DI, TP, TA. The Traffic Announcement flag may be remotely activated through a dedicated interface (available on request) and Program ser v ic e Nam e m ay be broadcast in a sequential mode with scrolling effect. The RDS programming is achieved through the Pc control software which comes with the unit.

OPTIONAL FEATURES

DG-IN MPX RDS Digital, built -i n Radio Data System encoder TA

SPLIT SW

DESCRIPTION

Digital AES/EB U audio input (optical and coaxial) Digital, built -i n ster eo c oder

Interface for Remote TA control MPX spli function. The SPLIT function allows the processor output MPX1 to toggle between an external si gnal applied to AUX 1 input and the MPX signal internall y generat ed. Remote control software

the RDS and TA options require the MPX option installed.

3.2 ST VERSION

It has active-balanced Left and Right channel, line l ev el anal og outputs for applications requiring discrete L/R processed audio.

Thanks to the optim al m odulation control applied to its outputs (with or wi thout pre-emphasis associated) , this processor is therefore very recommended for all those installations where stereo co di ng (i.e. MPX coding) is performed externall y.

audio input and outputs are available both in analog and digital way (digital available as an option). The digital input supports AES3/EBU and S/PDIF formats wi th several sample rates. Thanks to its automatic recognition of both format and level of injected signal, i t doesn’t require any specific configuration.

OPTIONAL FEATURES

DG-IN DG-OUT SW

DESCRIPTION

Digital AES/EB U audio input (optical and coaxial) Digital AES/EB U audio output (optical and coaxial) Remote control software

Page 7

4 BLOCK DIAGRAMS

4.1 FM VERSION – BLOCK DIAGRAM

Inpu t L

Input R

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

ANA

UTPUT

TAL

IGI

NPU

ANA

NPU

ENG

oversampler

clipper L

MPX

dig it a l coder MPX+RDS dig it a l stereo enhac er

oscillator

38KHz

R DS da ta st r ea m

MPX

digital

Output

modulator

oscillator

57KHz

SCA 1

oversampler

clipper R

MPX

oscillator

19KHz

digital

RDS

digital

D/A

EXT reference

HI-SPEED

50uS/75uS

emphasis

PLL

24 bit

D/A

clipper

MPX+R D S

Safety

system

clock

digital

coder

32,44.1,48,96

receiver

AES3

KHz

lo w jitter

converter

24 bit

rate

digital

AGC

system

clock

control

Lo w P ass

15KHz

filter

transform

clipper

Hilbert

Enhancer

Stereo

RMS

true

digital

low pass

Linear Phase

Low Pass

8t h order

SCA 2

Broadband

limiter

Brillance

density

gain

Input L

Inpu t R

limiter

Butterworth

30 -200

Band Pass

IIR 4th

Hz Hz

FIR

emphasis

pre

200 -1.5

Butterworth

Band Pass

IIR 4th

Band Pass

IIR 4th

Hz KHz

15KHz

50uS/75uS

1.5 - 4.8

KHz KHz

AGC

±20dB

control

105 dB dynamic

24 bit

A/D

range

4.8 - 9.5

Butterworth

Band Pass

KHz KHz

IIR 4th

9.5 -15

Butterworth

Band Pass

KHz KHz

IIR 4th

level

depht

gate

effect

Digital

delay

Level Limiterfilter

measurement

Effect

Output L

Output R

Butterworth

Low Pass

IIR 2th

KHz

generator

Bass

filter

Level

compressor

High Pass

KHz

Armonic

Super

compressor

Bass

coupling

compressor

amplifier

compressor

Mid 1

logaritmic

compressor

Mid 2

preclip

Cancelling

Filter

compressor

Mid 3

High

Hi-freq

Distortion

denoiser

Page 8

4.2 ST VERSION – BLOCK DIAGRAM

ANA

24 bi t

D/A

emphasis

UTPUT

50uS/75uS

TAL

AES/EBU

Interface

24 bi t

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

ANA

IGI

UTPUT

PLL

system

clock

TAL

IGI

NPU

receiver

32,44.1,48,96

AES3

KHz

lo w jitter

converter

24 bit

rate

clock

NPU

AGC

±20dB

control

105 dB dynamic

24 bit

A/D

range

system

ENG

filter

clipper

limiter

gain

Lo w P as s

15KHz

digital

AGC

control

Lo w Pass

15KHz

transform

Hilbert

Broadband

Enhancer

Stereo

Brillance

density

Butterworth

II R 4 th

limiter

Butterworth

30 -200

Band Pass

II R 4 th

Hz Hz

RMS

true

digital

low pass

15KHz

FIR

50uS/75uS

emphasis

pre

200 -1.5

Band Pass

Hz KHz

1.5 -4.8

Butterworth

Band Pass

KHz KHz

II R 4 th

4.8 -9.5

Butterworth

Band Pass

KHz KHz

II R 4 th

9.5 -15

Butterworth

Band Pass

KHz KHz

II R 4 th

SAMPLING

DOWN

SAMPLING

Clipper

OVER

Butterworth

II R 2t h

Butterworth

Low Pass

II R 2t h

KHz

generator

Bass

filter

compressor

High Pass

KHz

Armonic

Super

compressor

Bass

coupling

compressor

amplifier

Level

compressor

Mid 1

logaritmic

compressor

Mid 2

preclip

Cancell ing

Filter

compressor

Mid 3

High

Hi-freq

Distortion

denoiser

Page 9

BLOCK DIAGRAMS

ENG

SAFETY WARNINGS

CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTANTES

ISTRUZIONI IMPORTANTI PER LA SICUREZZA

WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE

INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD

(Rel. 1.0)

Page 10

FOREWORD

ENG

5 FOREWORD

For your own safety and to avoid inval id at ion of the warranty all text marked with these Warni ng Symbols should be read carefully.

Informati on in this m anual is subject t o change wit hout noti ce and does not repre sent a com mitment on the part of the vendor.

Axel Technology shall not be liable for any loss or damage what soever arising from the use of information or any error contained in this manual, or through any mis-operation or fault in hardware contained in the product.

It is recommended t hat all maintenance and service on the product should be carried out by Axel Technology or its authorised agents. Axel Technology cannot accept any l iability whatsoever for any loss or dam age caused by service, maintenance or repair by unauthorised per sonnel .

Page 11

SAFETY WARNINGS

ENG

6 SAFETY WARNINGS

The installation and servicing instructions in this manual are for use by qualified personnel only.

Read All Instru ctions. All safet y and operati ng instructi ons must be read bef ore operat ing the produc t.

They also must be ret ained for future ref erence, as it contains a num ber of useful hints for determining the best combination of equipment settings for Yr parti cul ar application.

Heed All Warnings. All warnings on the pr oduct and those l isted in the oper ating instruc tions must be

adhered to. Heat. This produc t must be situated away from any heat sources such as radiat ors or other products

(includi ng power amplifiers or transmitters) t hat produc e heat. Power Sources. Thi s product must be oper ated f r om the type of power sourc e indi cat ed on the marki ng

label and in the i nstallati on instructions. If you are not sure of t he type of power suppli ed to your facili ty, consult your l ocal power c ompany. Make sure the AC m ain voltage corr esponds to that indi cated i n the technical specifications. If a different v oltage (ex. 110/115 VAC) is available, open the equipment closure and set the voltage swit c h on the main suppl y ci rcuit, located behind the AC socket

Power Cord Protecti on. P ower supply cords m ust be rout ed so that t hey are not li kel y t o be wal ked on

nor pinched by i tem s placed upon or agai nst t hem . Pay part i cular at tenti on to the cor ds at AC wall plugs and convenienc e receptacles, and at the point where the cord plugs i nto the product

- Clean only with dry cloth

Lightning. For added protection for this product during a lightning storm, or when it i s l eft unattended and

unused for long per iods of time, unplug it from the AC wall out let and the audio connections. Thi s will prevent damage to the product due to lightning and power line surges

Installation. Configuration and installation should only be carried out by a competent installation engineer

Cabling. Using high quality wires, well protected. M ak e sure the cable integrity.

Equipment design. This manual images coul d differ a bit from the equipment actual desi gn

Use only with a cart , stand, tripod, bracket, or tabl e specified by t he manuf acturer, or sold wit h the apparatus. When a c art is used, use caution when mov ing the cart/appar atus combinati on to avoid injur y from tip-over.

This symbol alerts you to the presence of dangerous voltage inside the closure – voltage which may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock. Do not perform any servicing o ther than th at contained in th e operating in structions. Refer all servicing to qualified personnel

The exclamation point within an equilateral triangl e is int end ed to al ert the user to the presence of import ant operating and maintenance (servicing) instructions in the literatur e accompanying the appliance.

Page 12

SAFETY WARNINGS

Do not change the voltag e setting o r repl ace the mains fuse without first turning the unit off and unplugging the m ai ns cord.

This apparatus must be EART HED !

ENG

To avoid risk of fire use th e correct valu e f use, as indicated on the label stuck on the right side of the unit.

Make sure the AC main voltag e corresp on ds to that indicated in the technical specifications.

This apparatus uses a singl e po le mains switch and does therefore not separate th e unit completely from the mains power. To completely separate from mains power (f.i. in the event of danger) unplug main s power cord. As the MAINS plug as the disconnect device, the disconnect device shall remain readi ly operable.

Page 13

CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTANTES

7 CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTA NTES

Lire ces consign es

Conserver ces consignes

Observer tous les avertissements

Suivre tout es les consig nes

Ne pas utiliser cet appareil à proximité de l’eau

Nettoyer uniqu ement avec un chiffon sec

Ne pas obstruer les ouvertures de ventilation. Installer en respectant les consignes du fabricant

Ne pas install er à p roximit é d'une source d e chal eur tell e qu'un radi at eur, une bouc he de chal eur, un

poêle ou d'autres appareils (dont les amplificateurs) produisant de la chaleur. Ne pas annuler la sécurit é de la fiche de terre, la troisième branche est desti née à la sécurité. Si la

fiche four nie ne s'adapte pas à l a prise élec trique, demander à un électr icien de rem plac er la prise hor s normes.

Protéger le cordon d'alimentation afin que personne ne marche dessus et que rien ne le pince, en

particulier aux fiches, aux prises de courant et au poi nt de sortie de l’appareil

Utiliser uniqu ement les accessoires spécifiés par le fabricant

Débrancher l’app areil pendant les orages ou quand il ne sera pas utilisé pendant longtemps.

Confier toute réparation à du personnel qualifié. Des réparations sont nécessaires si l’appareil est

endommagé d’une façon quel conque, par exemple: cordon ou prise d’alim entation endommagé, liquide renversé ou objet tombé à l’intérieur de l’appareil, exposition de l’appareil à la pluie ou à l’humidité, appareil qui ne m arche pas normalement ou que l’on a fait tomber.

NE PAS exposer cet appareil aux égouttures et aux éclaboussements. Ne pas poser des objets

contenant de l' eau, comme des vases, sur l' appar eil

Utiliser uniquem ent avec un chariot, un support ou une table spécifi é par le fabri cant ou vendu avec l’apparei l. Si un chariot est util isé, déplacer l’ensem ble chariot–apparei l avec précaution afin de ne pas le renverser, c e qui pour r ait entraîner des blessures

Ce symbole indique l a présen ce d'un e t ensi on dangereuse dans l'appareil consti tu ant un risque de choc électrique.

Ce symbole indique que la documentation fournie avec l'appareil con tient des instructions d'utilisation et d'entretien importantes.

ENG

Page 14

CONSIGNES DE SÉCURITÉ IMPORTANTES

Avant de modi fier le co mmutat eur de chang ement de t ension ou replacer l e fu sible il faut débrancher l’appareil de la prise électrique

Pendant son usage, l’app areil doit etre branchee à la prise de terre

ENG

Utiliser le fusible principal AC avec le valeur qui est indiqu ée sur l'étiq uette collée sur le coffret.

Assurez-vous que la tension principale AC correspond à celle indiquée dans les spécifications techniques.

L’interrupteur d’alimentation interrompt un pôle du réseau d’alimentation excepté le conducteur de terre de protection. En cas de danger, debrancher le cordon d'alimentation. Parce que la pri se du réseau de alimentatio n est util isée comme dispositif de déconnexion, ce dispositif doit demeuré aisément accessi ble.

Page 15

ISTRUZIONI IMPORTANTI PER LA SICUREZZA

8 ISTRUZIONI IMPORTANTI PER LA SICUREZZA

Leggere le presenti istruzioni

Conservare quest e ist ruzioni

Osservare tutte le avvertenze

Seguire scrupolo samente tutte le istruzioni

Non usare questo apparecchio in prossimità di acqua

Pulire l'apparecchio solo con un panno asciutto.

Non ostruire alcuna apertura per il raffreddamento. Installar e l’appar ec c hio seguendo le istruzioni Non installare l'apparecchio accanto a fonti di calore quali radiatori, aperture per l'afflusso di aria

calda, forni o altri apparecchi (amplificat ori incl usi ) c he generi no calore

Non rimuovere il terminale di connessione a t erra sul cordone di alimentaz ion e: esso ha lo scopo di tutelare l’i nc olumità dell’utilizzat or e. Se la spina in dotazione non si adatta alla presa di corrente, rivolgersi ad un elettricista per far eseguire le modifiche necessarie.

Evitare di calpestare il cavo di ali mentazione o di comprimerlo, specialmente in corrispondenza della spina e del punto di inserzione sull’apparato.

Utilizzare solo dispositivi di collegamento e gli accessori specificati dal produttore.

Scollegare l’ap parecchio dalla presa di corrente durante i temporali o quando inutilizzat o a l ungo

Per qualsiasi intervento, rivolgersi a personale di assistenza qualificato. È’ necessario intervenire

sull’apparecchi o ogniqualv olta si verif icano danneggi amenti di qual siasi nat ura. Ad esempio, la spina o il cavo di alimentazione sono danneggiati, è entrato liquido nell’apparecchio o sono caduti oggetti su di esso, l’apparecchio è stato esposto alla pioggi a o all’um idità, non funziona normalmente o è caduto.

Non esporre a sgocciol amenti o spruzzi. Non appoggiare sull 'apparecchio oggetti pieni di liqui di, ad

esempio vasi da fiori.

Utilizzare l ’apparecchio solo con un carrello, un sostegno, una staffa o un tav olo di tipo specificat o dal produtt ore o vendut o insieme all’apparec chio. Se si utilizza un c arrello, fare attenzione negli spostamenti per evitare infor tuni causati da ribaltamenti del carr ello stesso

Questo simbolo indica la presenza di alta tensione all'int erno del l'apparecchio, che comporta rischi di scossa elettrica.

Questo simbolo indica la presenza di istruzioni importanti per l'uso e la manutenzione nella documentazione in dotazione all'apparecchio.

ENG

Page 16

ISTRUZIONI IMPORTANTI PER LA SICUREZZA

Non sostitui re il fu sibile o cambiare la tensione di alimentazione sen z a aver pri ma scollegato il co rdo ne di alimentazione.

L’apparato deve essere connesso a terra durante il suo utili zzo.

ENG

Sostituire il fusibile generale con uno di identico valore, come indicato sulla etichetta applicata sul mobile dell’apparato.

Assicurarsi che la tensione di rete corrisponda a quella per la quale è configurato l’apparecchio.

Questo apparato utilizza un interruttore di alimentazione di tipo unipolare e l’isolamento dalla rete elettrica non è pertanto completo. Per ottenere un isol amento totale (ad esempio in caso di pericolo), scollegare il cordone di alimentazione. Inoltre, poichè la spina di alimentazione è utilizzata come dispositivo di sez io namento, essa deve restare facilmente ragg iu ngibile.

Page 17

WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE

9 WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE

Diese Hinweise LESEN

Diese Hinweise AUFHEBE N

Alle Warnhinwei se BE ACHTE N

Alle Anweisungen BEFOLGEN

Dieses Gerät NICHT in der Nähe von Wasser verwen den

NUR mit einem sauberen Tuch REINIGE N

KEINE Lüftungsöffnungen verdecken. G emäß den Anweisungen des Hersteller s ei nbauen Nicht in der Nähe von Wärmequellen, wie Heizkörpern, Raumheizungen, Herden oder anderen

Geräten (einschl ießlich Verstärkern) i nstallieren, die Wärme erzeugen

Die Schutzfunktion des Schukosteckers NICHT umgehen. Bei Steckern für die USA gibt es polarisi erte Stec ker, bei denen ein Lei t er brei t er als der ander e ist; US- Stec ker mit Erdung v erfügen über einen dritten Schut zleiter. Bei diesen Steckerausf ührungen dient der br eitere Leiter bzw. der Sc hutzleiter Ihrer Sicherhei t. Wenn der mitgeli eferte Stecker nicht in die Steckdose passt, ei nen Elektriker mit dem Austauschen der v er alteten Steckdose beauftragen

VERHINDERN, dass das Net zkabel gequetscht oder d arauf getreten wird, i nsbesondere im Bereich der Stecker, Netzsteckdosen und an der Austrittsstelle vom Gerät

NUR das vom Hersteller angegebene Zubehör und entsprechende Zusatzger äte verwenden.

Das Netzkabel dieses G eräts während Ge witt ern oder bei länger en Still standszei ten aus der St eckdose

ABZIEHEN. Alle Reparatur- und Wartungsarbeiten von qualifiziertem Kundendienstpersonal DURCHFÜHREN

LASSEN. Kundendienst ist erf orderlich, wenn das Gerät auf irgendwelche Wei se beschädigt wurde, z.B. wenn das Netzkabel oder der Netzstecker beschädigt wurden, wenn Flüssigkeiten in das Gerät verschüttet wurden oder F remdkörper hineinfi elen, wenn das Gerät Regen oder Feuc htigkeit ausgesetzt war, nicht norm al funktioniert oder fallen gelassen wurde.

Dieses Gerät vor T ropf- un d Spritz wasser SCHÜT ZEN. K EINE mit Wasser gefül lten G egenstände wie

zum Beispiel V asen auf das Ger ät STELLE N.

NUR in Verbindung mi t einem vom Herstell er angegebenen oder m it dem Gerät ver kauften Transportwagen, St and, Stativ, Träger oder Tisch verwenden. Wenn ein T ransportwagen verwendet wird, beim Verschieben der Transportwagen-Geräte- Einheit vorsichtig vorgehen, um Verletzungen durch Umkippen

Dieses Symbol zeigt an, dass gefährliche Spannungswerte, die ein Stromschlagrisiko darstellen, innerhalb diese s Geräts auftreten.

Dieses Symbol zeigt an, dass das diesem Gerät beiliegende Handbuch wichtige Betriebs- und Wartungsanweisungen enthält.

ENG

Page 18

WICHTIGE SICHERHEITSHINWEISE

Vor Änderung der Netzspannung oder Sicherungswechsel Netzkabel trennen.

ENG

Das Gerät muss für den Betrieb geerd et werd en.

Hauptsicherung nur mit einer gleichwertigen austauschen (s. entsprechend e E tiket t e) .

Vor Einschalten Netz spannungseinstellung am Gerät überprüfen bzw. anpassen.

Inpoliger Netzschalter. In Notfälle oder für Wartungsarbei t en Netzkabel trennen. Der Netzstecker fun gi ert auch als Trennelement muss deshalb zugänglich bl eib en

Page 19

INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD

10 INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD

LEA estas instru ccio nes

CONSERVE estas instrucciones

PRESTE ATENCION a todas las advert encias.

SIGA todas las inst rucci on es

NO utilice este ap arato cerca del agua

LIMPIESE UNICAMENTE con un trap o seco

NO obstruya ninguna de las aberturas de ventilación. Instálese según lo indicado en las instrucciones del fabricante

No instale el aparato cerca de fuentes de calor tales como radiadores, registros de calefacción, estufas u otros aparatos (incluyendo amplificador es) que produz c an c alor

NO anule la función de seguridad d el en chufe polarizado o con cl av ija de puesta a tierra. Un enchufe polarizado ti ene dos patas, una m ás ancha que la ot ra. Un enchuf e con puest a a ti erra ti ene dos patas y una tercera clavij a con puesta a tierra. La pata más ancha o la tercera clavij a se proporciona para su seguridad. Si el toma corriente no es del tipo apr opiado para el enchufe, c onsulte a un electricista par a que sustituya el toma corriente de estilo anticuado

PROTEJA el cable eléctrico para evitar que personas lo pisen o estrujen, particularmente en sus enchufes, en los toma c or ri entes y en el punto en el cual sale del aparato

UTILICE únicamen t e lo s accesori os especificados por el fabricant e

DESENCHUFE el aparato durante las tormentas eléctricas, o si no va a ser utilizado por un lapso

prolongado. TODA reparación debe ser llevada a c abo por téc ni cos califi cados. El apar ato requi ere r eparaci ón si ha

sufrido cual quier tipo de daño, i ncluyendo los daños al c ordón o enchuf e eléctrico, si se derram a líquido sobre el aparato o si caen obj etos en su interior, si ha sido expuesto a la lluvia o la humedad, si no funciona de modo normal, o si se ha caído.

NO exponga este aparato a chorros o salpicaduras de l íquidos. NO coloque objet os llenos con líquido,

tales como flor er os, sobre el aparato .

UTILICESE únicamente con un carro, pedestal, escuadra o mesa del tipo especific ado por el fabri cante o vendido con el aparato. Si se usa un carro, el mismo debe moverse con sumo cuidado para evitar que se vuelque con el aparato

Este símbolo indica que la unidad contiene niveles de voltaje peligrosos que representan un riesgo de choques eléctricos.

Este símbolo indica que la literatura que acompaña a esta unidad contiene instrucciones importantes de funcionamiento y mantenimiento.

ENG

Page 20

INSTRUCCIONES IMPORTANTES DE SEGURIDAD

Antes de cambiar la alimentacion de voltaje o de cambiar el fusible, desco necte el cable de alimentacion.

Para reducir el riesgo de descarg as electricas, esta unidad debe ser conect ada a tierra.

Remplaze el fusible con lo mismo, qu e corresp on de a l o indicado en el panel del equipo.

Antes de encender, con t rol ar qu e la linea de alimentacion de voltaje correspond a a la indicada.

El interruptor de alimentación es unipolar. En el caso de pelig ro, d escon ect e el cable de alimentación. Porqu e la clavija de conexion a red sirve por la desconection de la unidad, la clavij a deb e ser ubicada en proximidad de la unidad.

ENG

Page 21

UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

mAT

ENG

11 UNPACKING AND INSPECTION

Your equipment was packed carefully at the factory in a container designed to protect the unit during shipment. Neverthel ess, we recomm end m aking a caref ul inspecti on of t he shippi ng carton and t he cont ents for any signs of physic al dam age.

Damage & Claims

If damage is evident, do not discard the container or packing m aterial. Contact your carrier immediately to file a claim for dam ages. Custom aril y, the c arrier r equi res you, the consignee, to m ake all damage cl aims. It will be helpful to retain the shipping documents and the waybill number.

Save all packing materials! If You should ever have to ship the processor (e.g. fo r servicing), it is best to ship it in the origin al carton wi th its packi ng materi als because both the carton and packing material have been carefully designed to protect the unit.

Under normal conditions no user maint enance or calibration ar e required. Inter nal links and preset control s may be set to configur e the unit during installati on. Any service work required should b e carried out by

qualified servi ce personnel only.

We are abl e to off er fur ther pr oduct support through o ur world wide net work of approv ed deal ers and servi ce agents.

To help us p rovide the most effi cient service please w ould you keep a reco rd of the unit serial number, and date and place of purchase to be quoted in any communication regarding this product.

The actual equipment Serial Number is indi c ated on t he silver label closure.

stuck on the rear panel of the equipment

Manufacturer

230V 115V

XXX

VA VA

Model :

Tools And Equipment Need ed

Only standard technician’s tools are required to install this equipment.

S-N :

KKKK

Page 22

FIRST INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

mAT

ENG

12 FIRST INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

12.1 POWER SUPPLY CABLE

A power supply cabl e of approx. 2 m length is supplied with t he dev ice. The type of plug for t he power supply depends on the count r y in which it is del ivered. Supply cables shoul d be laid in such a m anner that one does not step or walk on them. They should not be squashed by any objects.

THIS EQUIPMENT MUST BE EARTHED.

The chassis is always connected to mains earth to ensure your safet y: check your mains wiring and earthing before switching on.

12.2 AC MAINS VOLTAGE SETTING (230 V / 115 V)

BE SURE THAT THE UNIT IS SET TO THE CORRECT MAINS/LINE VOLTAGE FOR YOUR COUNTRY BEFORE PLUGGING IT INTO THE WALL OUTLET !

The actual M ains volt age i s indicat ed on the l abel at the operation loc ation not be known, please contact your dealer or elec tricity company.

stuck on the equipm ent closure. S hould t he type of power

Manufacturer

230V 115V

XXX

VA VA

Model :

If, for some reason, t he unit is to be operated at a mains input voltage which i s different to that as supplied, you need to open the top cov er and set proper ly the voltag e change-over switch close to the transformer (on the right hand). You also need to replace the AC main fuse, according to information provided on the Technical Specifications table at the end of this user manual.

CAUTION: TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECT RICAL SHOCK, ALWAYS DISCONNECT

THE AC MAINS CABLE BEFORE ALTERING THE CHANGE-OVER SWITCH. NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.

S-N :

KKKK

which is located inside,

Page 23

FIRST INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

ENG

12.3 FUSE REPLACEMENT

The power supply socket ha s an int egral fuse drawer contai ni ng the A C power fuse and a spare, bot h of t he same value.

BEFORE REPLACING THE POWER FUSE, MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TYPE OF FUSE FOR THE VOLTAGE TO BE PROTECTED. USING WRONG FUSE TYPE WILL RESULT IN INSUFFICIENT PROTECTION.

Make sure that the power is swit ched off and the power cable is disconnected from the equipment. Open the fuse drawer using a small bl ade screwdriver. Replace the fuse lo cat ed at the inner po sition Push the fuse socket back in to the orig inal position

12.4 REM OVING THE EQUIPMENT TOP COVER

A unique flexibili ty is offered, in order t o satisfy the exact requi rements of each installati on. This is done by setting internal jumper links and calibration trimmers which determine the operating levels and the signal routing. Jumper links are accessed by removing the top cover. Thus, once installed the settings become tamperproof. To change any jum pers or set the v oltage changeov er you must r emove the top c over of the unit to access the main boards. Rem ov e all screws hol ding t he cov er in pl ac e, then lift it off. Use care when working inside the unit.

Perform the set-up under static control conditions. Static charges are likely to compl etely destroy one or mor e of the CMOS semi c onduc tors employed in the unit. Static damage will not be covered under warranty . Basic damage prevention consists of minimizi ng generation, discharging any accum ul ated static char ge on y our body and preventing that discharge from being sent to or through any electronic c om ponent.

Uninsulated dangerous voltage are inside the encl osure, v oltage that may be sufficient to constitute a risk of shock. Always disconn ect to AC Mains befo re removing the top cover

Page 24

FIRST INSTALLATION RECOMMENDATIONS

ENG

12.5 RACK MOUNTING THE UNIT

To mount the unit in a standard 483 mm (19-i nch) audio equipment rack, slide the equipm ent into the rack and secure it with front crosshead screws. Use all four

screws.

12.6 VENTILATION

The equipment will oper ate as a free-standing unit without requiring any special cooling ar r angem ent. However, slots and openings in the product are provided for ventilation. They ensure reliable oper ation of the

product, keeping it from overheating. These openings must not be blocked nor covered during operat ion.

YOU MUST LEAVE AT A MINIMUM ONE RACK UNIT OF EMPTY SPACE ABOVE THE EQUIPMENT TO ENHANCE VENTILATION AND TO GET A LONGER EQUIPMENT LIFE.

Good ventilati on BELOW t he unit, in the fl oor or back of t he rack, and simil arly A BOVE the unit, at the top of the rack, will ensure a pat h for continuous air flow.

12.7 PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING

Should the devi ce be put out of action due to bei ng struck by lightning or ex cess voltage, disconnect it from the power supply without delay. Do not reconnect until the device has been checked. If i n doubt c ontact the technical support service.

Make sure there is suit able lightning protection to protect the device. Alternativ ely you should disconnect all connect ors from the devi ce during a storm or when the device is goi ng to be unsupervised or not used for a longer period of time. These measures will pr otect against damage by lightning or exc ess voltage.

Page 25

I/O BASIC SETTINGS

RX1

ENG

13 I/O BASIC SETTINGS

13.1 ANALOG AUDIO INPUT IMPEDANCE

The analog input impedance may be set to 600Ohm, rather t han the default 10kOhm, by moving the two jumpers J1 and J2 on the analog input/output board (see figure below).

J1-J2

13.2 DIGITAL INPUT IMPEDANCE

INPUT INPEDENCE 604 OHM

INPUT INPEDENCE 10K OHM

Page 26

I/O BASIC SETTINGS

110 OHM - AES/EBU

The digital input impedance may be set to 75Ohm, rather than the default 110Ohm, by moving the associated jumper on the digital I/O board (see figure).

ENG

NB the digital I/O board is available as an option

75 OHM - SPDIF

13.3 50 US / 75 US OUTPUT PREEMPHASIS SETTING (FM VERSION ONLY)

The frequency c haracteristic of analog L & R outputs can assume either a flat frequency response, or can follow a selected pre- emphasis curve, with or without subsequent de- emphasis.

When ‘flat’ mode is engaged, this yields a signal with a flat frequency characteristic, but with an output ceiling that exactly follows the inverse of the pre-emphasis curve. Doing so, if the signal is again preemphasized i n an external stereo generator or excit er, the transmit ted signal will have proper pr e-emphasi s and spectral prot ec tion. The actual pre-em phasi s time is indicated on the Pre-emphasi s menu (see section 19.7) If, for some reason, the unit is to be operated at a preemphasis which is different to that as supplied, in addition to the menu setting, you need to open t he top cov er and set pr operly the jumpers CN 17 and CN 18 on the outside of the I/O MP X board (left board), accordingly to the f ollowing table:

ANALOG OUTPUT MODE MENU SELECTION **

Flat, fitting external 50 uS pre-emphasis 50uSec External CN 17 and CN 18 in 50 uS position Flat, fitting external 75 uS pre-emphasis 75uSec External CN 17 and CN 18 in 75 uS position Pre-emphasi z ed, 50 uS 50uSec Internal No setting requi red Pre-emphasi z ed, 75 uS 75uSec Internal No setting requi red

JUMPER SETTING

13.4 M PX OUTPUT SETTINGS

The MPX board (which comes with the MPX option on the FM version) can support many I/O confi gur ations. Refer to the further Chapter for proper MPX card configuration.

Page 27

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Rela y

ENG

14 GENERAL DESCRIPTION

14.1 REAR PANEL VIEW (FM & ST)

FM version

I I I



Serial RS-232



Digital Input

I I I I I I I I I I I I

1 2 4 5

ST version



Serial RS-232



Digital Output Digital Input

I I I I

1 2 3 4 12 13

1 ON/OFF Switch: main ON/OFF switch, the LE D inside switches on/of f acc ordingly. The power supply

socket (use the cord provi ded) has a built -in fuse drawer cont aini ng the power fuse and a spare, both of the same value: f or 230 V AC the fuse is rated at 500 mA T; f or 110 V AC it is rated at 630 mA T

2 RS232 Seri al Port 2: This port is intended for the processor sett ing and programming from satellite

and unidirectional

links. Supported Baud Rat e: 4800.

3 Digital audio output*: This has two connectors: use the XLR for balanced coaxial connections and the

tos-link for optical connections. It provides Aes/Ebu and Spdif signals @ 48 KHz, 24 bit.

4 D igi tal audi o inpu t*: This has two connector s: use the XLR for balanced c oaxial connecti ons and the

tos-link for optical connections. It accept s Aes/Ebu and Spdif signals at different sampling rates

5 Sync-out*: 19KHz synchronism output at 5Vpp, to lock external equipment (such as RDS coders) 6 SPLIT ON Led*: it lights on whil e the Split command is active (and thus the OUT 2 is on Split) 7 MPX OUT 2*: additional MPX output, driven by a special ci r c uit ( ‘S P LIT’). 8 MPX OUT 1*: main MPX output. The trimmer near the Bnc connector tunes the MPX output level

between -inf and + 12 dbu (f actory preset i s 0dbu). Accordi ngly to t he current c onfigurati on, the output BNC connector will incl ude the com posi te / MPX program si gnal wit h the RDS / SCA subcarri er mix ed into and with or without signals injected from AUX inputs.

9 MPX OUT 1 TEST*: provides a repetition of the output signal appearing at the main MPX OUT 1

connector, with the same level

. It may serve for measurement or as secondary MP X output.

AUX 1 Input*: Bnc female connector. Dependi ng on the MPX board conf igur ation, it allow the inj ecti on

of RDS/SCA or MPX signal s from external encoders/gener ators. The resultant signal is available on the Output connectors OUT 1 or OUT 2. Factory preset: 0dB gain.

AUX 2 i n p u t * : Bnc f emale connector . Dependi ng on the MPX board conf igur ation, it allow the inj ecti on

of RDS/SCA or MPX signal s from external encoders/gener ators. The resultant signal is available on the Output connectors OUT 1 or OUT 2. Factory preset: 0dB gain.

15 16

Opto Input

MPX

Out

MPX

Out



Test



Output

AUX1-NTW AUX2-RDS

132 132132 132132

R L R

InputOutput

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

132 132132 132132 132

R L R

InputOutput

I I

Page 28

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

ANALOG AUDIO OUTPUT: It provides the L and R pr oces sed audi o signal s on whi ch i t i s possibl e to

enable/disable pre-emphasis. The lev el is set via menu.

ANALOG AUDIO INPUT: bi-channel audio input electronically balanced on XLR female. The input

level is set via menu. An hardware bypass directly connect the two input XLRs to the output ones in the event of power failure or processor switched off.

RS232 SERIAL PORT 1: This port i s i ntended for the processor setti ng and programming by means of

the supplied Pc cont r ol software application (bidirec tional connection). Support ed B aud Rate: 19200.

OPTO INPUT PORT*: SubD 9-pin female Interf ace. It supports 2 optoi nsulated “t rigger” input s (for TA

flag toggle and for SPLIT mode enabling) RELAY OUTPUT*: Reserved for future use

* availabl e as an opti on

14.2 FRONT PANEL CONTROLS AND SIGNALLINGS

The processor front panel contains 3 red LEDs with the following meaning: DIGITAL INPUT

PREEMPHASIS

WARNING

The processor front panel also contains two buttons, a large displ ay

MULTIFUNCTION DISPLAY LCD CONTRAST TRIMMER

SHUTTLE KNOB

ENTER KEY ESC KEY

This LED lights up while the DIGITAL Audio input is selected (via front panel menu or Pc Software Control). ,

This LED lights up while the Preemphasis (either 50 or 75 uSec) is removed from the proc essed Left and Right output XLR connector s. (NB preemphasis can NOT be rem ov ed from the MP X outputs).

this LED (normally off ) lights in the following cases:

- With ‘Bypass’ or ‘Peak Reference Tone’ modes enabled

- Internal Temperatu re ex c eeding 60 °C.

- TA (Traffic Announc em ent) flag enabled (FM /RDS version only)

See next Section it sets the contrast on t he multifuncti on display. The tem perature vari ation

could effect the contrast, to set it, please use a small screwdriv er It allows to scroll the menu and modify the parameters. To modify any

parameter you need to turn the sh uttle till it will appear on the display (see chapter 6). The shuuttle can also be pressed, having the same ENTER control function.

it gives access to the param eters submenu and selects the new values. key to quit the current menu and go back to the previous one. By pr essing

this key the m odifications realized by ac cident on the selected param eter are not executed.

ENG

Page 29

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

14.3 DISPL A Y DESCRIPTION

1. ON AIR Preset: shows the c urrent proces sing curv e. The presets ranging f rom 1 to 30 are f actory

preset, while curves 31 to 40 are user settable. A table showing the curve parameter levels is available on this manual.

2. AGC level: shows the gain factor that the processor applies to the input signal. The best AGC

values range close to 0 dB (or, still better, are slightly negativ e: - 1, - 2, etc).

3. Low frequencies comp ression factor (30Hz-200Hz band). Shows the com pr ession factor (range 0

to -12dB) applied to the lower frequencies: the higher the meter bar is, the stronger is the compression and therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower. The compression thr eshol d level depends on the selected curve.

4. M edium frequencies compressi on factor (I band: 200Hz-1.5K Hz) shows the compression f actor

(range 0 to -12dB) applied to the medium frequencies (band I): the higher the meter bar is, the stronger is the compression and therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower. The compression threshol d level depends on the selected curve.

5. Medium frequenci es compression factor (II band: 1.5kHz-4.8kHz) shows the com pression factor

(range 0 to -12dB ) applied to the m edium frequencies (band II): t he higher the meter bar i s, the stronger is the compression and therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower. The compression threshol d level depends on the selected curve.

6. Mediu m frequencies compression facto r (III band: 4.8kHz-9kHz) shows the compr ession f actor

(range 0 to -12dB) applied t o the medium frequencies (band III): the higher the meter bar is, the stronger is the compression and therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower. The compression threshol d level depends on the selected curve.

7. High frequencies compression factor: (9.5Khz-15K Hz band) shows the c ompression fact or ( range

0 to -12dB) applied to the higher frequencies: the higher the meter bar is, the stronger is the compression and therefore the presence of this component in the final signal is lower. The compression thr eshol d level depends on the selected curve.

8. Operating level of HF Limit er ( a limiter in 6 – 15 kHz band which act s on the pr oc essed signal).

9. Left audio channel input level (after AGC system). Range: 0 to - 40dB

10. Right audi o channel input level (after AGC system). Range: 0 to -40dB

ENG

Page 30

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

ENG

14.4 LCD BACKLIGHT CONT ROL

As factory preset, the LCD backl ight i s automaticall y turned off in t he event the front panel contr ols (shuttl e and buttons) are left untouched for 5 mi nutes. If permament bac klight is needed, move the jumper J9 located on the front panel boar d towards the mother boards.

display ba cklight Illumination a lways on

display backlight illumination activated by keyboard

Page 31

AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING

ENG

15 AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING

Where possibl e use bal anced connect i ons for the audi o i nputs and output s to m inim ise noi se pick -up. Avoid running audio cabl es near to mains or li ghting cables or thyristor dimm er units, power supplies etc. T hese may cause audible hum and buz z. The use of low impedance sources significantly reduces interf erence pick-up. Check the cabl es for correct wiring to avoid pr oblems with phase reversal and unreliable connec tion.

15.1 ANALOG AUDIO INPUT

The processor feat ur es el ec tronically balanced XLR female input s.

Pin 1 Gnd Pin 2 Signal

2 1

L R

Input

In case of unbalanced c onnec tions, please connect the cold pole (Pi n 3) to the ground ( Pin 1). Factory preset input impedance i s 1 0 k Ohm. This im pedanc e may also be set to 600Ohm internal jumpers on the analog I/O board (see last chapter on hardware settings).

The input lev el – factory preset to 0 dB – can be adjusted via menu within t he +/- 6 dB range (see chapter

19.2).

We recommend using high quality wires, well protected, and balanced connections to avoid external disturbances.

Make sure that the earth c onnec tion is good and that earth and audio ground are separated. Attention: while enabled, the digital input excludes the analog one. NOTE: in the case of connection to MONO sources, we recommend injecting the same signal on both

channels (FM versi on ) or setting the processing mode to mono (ST version ).

Pin 3 Return An hardware bypass direc tly connect the two input XLRs to the output ones i n the

event of power failure or processor switched off.

by moving the two

Page 32

AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING

ENG

15.2 DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT *

The digital input (available only as an option - DG-IN) f eatures two connectors: coaxi al and optic. Only one connector m ay be connected at a time t o avoid malfunct ions (TOSLINK optical connec tor should be kept covered while not used).

XLR female connector is designed f or AES/EBU sources (“professional standard” i nterface), while TOSLINK connector is designed to carry S/P DIF signals (“consum er standard” interface).

The digit al i nput aut omatically recogni zes the di gi tal f ormat (AES, EBU, SPDIF, etc.), the t ype of connection (optic or coaxial) and can seamlessly handle 32KHz, 44.1KHz , 48KHz and 96KHz sample rates.

Coaxial input (on XLR) i s transf ormer bal anced, and so hi ghly immune from ext ernal disturbances and noi se (EMI).

Pin 1 Gnd

Pin 2 Signal Pin 3 Return

Digital Input

To enable the digital input level, see chapter 19.1. The Digital Input LED on t he front panel indicates while the digital input is active. Attention: while enabled, the digital input excludes the analog input.

8.2.1 Converting between AES/EBU and S/PDIF interfaces

Ther e ar e a n um ber of di ff eren ces in th e el ect ri cal cha rac teri sti c s of AES/ EB U an d S/ PDIF int erf ac es which in some cases can render them completely incompatible. Although the audio data is the same in both AES/EBU and S/ PDIF interfaces, they are indeed different formats, at least in their subcode. AES converted to coax is NOT S/PDIF, and S/PDIF converted to XLR balanced is NOT AES. They are still their native format, just the transmission medium has changed. Whether they will work in your application depends on the equipment chosen and, for proper performance, XLR input should

therefore not be used for connection to consumer equipment.

AES/EBU uses a b alanced different ial line based on X LR connectors and th e signal levels are 5 volt s. S/P-DIF uses a coaxial unbalanced line with RCA con nectors and the sign al levels are around 0.5 volts. The protocol used in AES/EBU and S/PDIF is not exactly t he same an d t hat can cause p rob lems somet imes. Th e basic dat a format of AES and S/P-DIF are i dentical. There is a bit in the ch annel status frame that tel ls which is which. Depending upon the setting of that bit, some bits have different meanings. For example, the bits used to describe de-emphasis in the AES/EBU protocol overlap the bits used to implement the SCMS (serial copy management system) protoco l in S/P - DIF land. Furthermore, S/PDIF usuall y uses 75 ohm co axial cable and RCA connecto rs. 75 ohm coaxial cable is inexpensive, because it is the same cable as used in video transmission. AES/EBU-interface u ses the well known symmetrical conn ections with transformer isolation and an output impedance of 110 ohm.

AES/EBU digital audio signals are transmitted at high, video-like frequencies (at around 6MHz) and should be handled very differently microphone cables have various impedance ratings (30 ohm to 90 ohm typical) and exhibit poor digital transmission performance. The result is signal drop out and reduced cable lengths due to severe impedance mis-matching (VSWR) between AES/EBU 110 ohm equipment. It is important to use a balanced cable with an impedance rating of 110 ohms designed for transmission of digital audio.

* available as an option on ST & FM vers ions

than standard analog audio lines. Commonly used XLR-3

Page 33

AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING

ENG

15.3 DIGITAL AUDIO OUTPUT **

The digital out put features two connectors: coaxi al and optic. Only one connector may be connected at a time to avoid malfunctions. The output format is AES3/EBU with sample rate 48KHz, 24 bit.

Please keep the tos-link connector covered while not used. The coaxial input (on XLR) is t ransformer balanced, and so highl y immune fr om external disturbanc es and

noise (EMI).

Pin 1 Gnd

132

Pin 2 Signal Pin 3 Return.

Digital Output

When fitted, the Digital Audio output is always active ** Available as an option on ST version only

. The output level is not adjustable..

15.4 ANALOG AUDIO OUTPUT

The processor features XLR analog outputs electronically balanced by high-quality buffers, capable of withstanding even low-impedance loads (600Ohm), with levels of up to +20 dBu.

Pin 1 Gnd

132 132

L R

Output

In case of unbalanced c onnec tions, connect the cold pole (Pin 3) to the ground ( Pi n 1) .

- For output level adjusting, please refer to chapter 19.9

- To c hange or disabl e the pre-emphasis setting, pl ease refer to chapter 19.8

- To gener ate a reference tone (400 Hz / 0 dB, which indicates the maximum frequency deviation of 75KHz), please refer to chapter 19.9.

Pin 2 Signal Pin 3 Return.

Page 34

AUDIO I/O AND SERIAL PORT WIRING

ENG

15.5 SERIAL PO RTS

The processor feat ures two optoisol ated seri al ports for remot e control through PC ( connect ed directl y or via satellite chain) of all machine functions and param eters. A standard, not cr ossed all configurations.



Serial RS-232



serial c able (9p mal e – 9p f emale) is provi ded with the equi pment, compatible wit h

RS-232 Serial port 1 features the Tx and Rx signals plus the DSR and CTS signals, and it i s dedicated only to local , bidirectional connection whi t an external computer r unning the Soft ware Remote Control . Connect a stan dard serial c able (not crossed cabl e) between t he RS-232 c onnec tor and a seri al port connect or on the computer. Typically, a DB-9 male to DB-9 female serial cable is required. Supported max Baud Rate: 19200.

RS-232 Serial Port 2 f eatures only Rx control (it support s only monodirectional connections), and i s used for communication via satellite links. Supported Baud Rate: 4800. Connect a standard serial cabl e (not crossed) between the RS-232 connector and one of the serial port connectors on the computer. Cable length should not exceed 30 mt .

SERIAL PORT 1 c onnection pin-out

SERIAL PORT 2 c onnection pin-out

Page 35

MPX BOARD CONNECT IONS (FM VERSION ONLY)





ENG

16 MPX BOARD CONNECTIONS (FM VERSION ONLY)

Available as an op tion on the FM version, the MPX board supports m any configurations and operati on

modes.

MPX

Out

MPX

Out

MPX

Test

AUX1-NTW AUX2-RDS

Page 36

MPX BOARD CONNECT IONS (FM VERSION ONLY)

SYNC

16.1 MPX BOARD – BL OCK DIAGRAM

OUT

AUX-2

RDS

AUX-1

NETWORK

ENG

YNC OU

SPLIT

OUT-1

TEST

OUT-2

SPLIT

OPTO INPUT

Re1 hardware bypass

+5V

Re2

LD1

MPX+RDS

Page 37

MPX BOARD CONNECT IONS (FM VERSION ONLY)

ENG

16.2 DEFAUL T MPX BOARD CONFIGURATION (FM-MPX VERSION ONLY)

When not ot herwise specified, t he MPX board comes with J2, J4 and J5 jum pers closed and with OUT-2 output disabled

The AUX 2 input (BNC connector, 10 kOhm impedanc e) allows an exter nal signal (ti pically RDS) from an external encoder to be injected on the MPX output of the processor. The lev el of the injected RDS si gnal may be adjusted by means of t he trimmer next t o the corresponding BNC connector. This trimmer is factor preset for a gain of 0 dB. The setti ng r ange is between -∞ and +12 dB.

The AUX-1 input (BNC connector, 10 kOhm impedance) allows you to inject an external signal (tipically SCA) from an external dev ic e on the MP X processor o utput. The level of the injec ted SCA signal may be adjusted by m eans of the trimmer next to the correspondi ng BNC connector. T his trimmer is factor preset for a gain of 0 dB. T he setting range is between -inf and +12 dB.

The MPX OUT 1 (BNC connector) provides the FM composi te signal + any RDS signal (internally gener ated or injected from an exter nal enc oder ) and S CA si gnal.

Remarks:

- The stereo multiplex output level is adjusted by a rear panel multiturn precision trimmer . The level is adjustable from -inf to +12dBm (8.8 Vpp) at 100% modulation. Factory preset is 0 dBm, i. e. approx imately 2.2 Vpp.

- The output impedance of the BNC jack is approximately 10 ohms sourced by an output driver capable to drive 600

Ohm loads (typical). Maximum performance is achievable w hen using up to 10 meters of RG-58 cable. Alternatively, 75 Ohm cable may also used for short runs.

- Contrary to Left / Right audi o outputs, pre-emphasi s is always present on the MPX output and you can NOT disable it . Nevertheless, the m enu allows you to set the pr e-emphasi s time to 50 or 75μ sec.

(see par 19.12).

- The 19 k Hz pilot phase and level may be adjusted via the menu ( 19.13).

- MPX Out provides a reference tone c onsisting of a 400 Hz / 0 dBm signal + pilot tone of 19 kHz / - 20 dBm. Thi s tone correspond s to the maximum frequency dev iation of 75KHz. To enabl e the reference tone, see chapter 20.7.

- The pr oc essor has a bui lt-in automatic com posi te clipper, not adjustable by the user.

The MPX OUT 1 TEST 1 connector, with the same level output will not affect the other. The TEST output is mainly designed to all ow easy and f ast m easurem ent on the main MPX signal being output by the processor, without al terating it.

The processor can mix S CA signals of any frequency with its own MPX signal, as long as the former are compatible with the composite stereo signal and RDS si gnal spect r a. The

RDS encoder inside the processor must be disabled before using an external RDS encoder.

An hardware bypass direc tly connects the AUX-1 connector to the MPX OUT-1 connector in the event of Main AC fail ur e. T he har dware bypass i s achieved through the Relè 1 (see block diagram) .

connector provides a repet iti on of the out put signal appear i ng at the main MP X OUT

. The TEST output is individually buffered so that a short circuit on one

Page 38

THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONL Y)

Spl it Contr ol

MPX

Generator

ENG

The SYNC OUT (BNC connector) outputs a 19KHz / 5Vpp square wave for external equipment synchronizati on (i.e. RDS encoders). The Sync output must be enabled via the menu

(Optional Controls /

MPX Mode / Sync Out).

17 THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONLY)

The MPX SPLIT mode (available as an op tion the MPX OUT 2 output to toggle between an external MPX signal appl ied to AUX 1 input ( or A UX 2 – see J1 and J3 jumpers) and the M PX signal internally generated. Swit ching is triggered by SPLIT Input on Digital Data Port (see paragraph 17.1).

The SPLIT function allows to easily manage that systems, where a fl exible and inex pensive switching is required between t wo MPX signal s, f.i. the one associat ed to the Network ( i.e. comm on to all transmitters) and the one associated to a regional/local program or to advertising spots differentiated for selected broadcasting areas.

The following picture shows the THEORICAL (logic) scheme of MPX split ci rcuit .

on FM version fitted with MPX option– see Chapter 2) allows

O U

T P U

SW1

Sw2

Output Level

SPLIT

mode

SPLIT

control

MPX OUT 2 OUTPUT LOGIC SWITCHERS

SW 1 SW 2

active Internal MPX open closed

enabled

unactive Fold-back of Aux 1 signal * closed open

disabled Internal MPX (all time long)

* Aux 1 level is controlled via trimmer ** Depending on Jumper configuration on MPX board, external MPX could be also injected from AUX2 input.

Page 39

THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONL Y)

INPUT

SPLIT

+5V

165

ENG

17.1 HOW TO ACTIVATE THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONLY)

The ‘Split’ m ode (availabl e as an option) i s activated through a dedicated i nput on the OPT O INTERFACE port.

The OPTO-INPUT Port is a 9-pin female Interface (on DB-9 connector) which provides 2 optoi nsulated “tr igger” input s: one for SPLIT mode activ ation and one for TA flag switching.

Once enabled, SPLIT activation will cause SPLIT LED on rear panel

The following table displays internal connecti on of Digital Port.

Cathode of photocoupler SPLIT input

Anode of photocoupl er SPLIT input

2 3 + 5 V via 470 Ohm resistor OUT

Anode of photocoupl er TA input

Cathode of photocoupler TA input

Pins 6, 7, 8, 9 are linked toget her and pr ov ide an insulated GND connection. A current-limi ted + Vdc source is available on pin 3 (+ 5 V via 470 Ohm resistor). The SPLIT mode may ba activated either by a TTL command or a CLEAN CONTACT

EXAMPLE N° 1 – SPLIT activation by TTL command

DESCRIPTION DIRECTION

IN IN

PIN DESCRIPTION DIRECTION

6 GND / 7 GND /

8 GND / IN IN

9 GND /

to light.

EXTERNAL

TTL COMMAND

GND

470 OHM

OPTO

(connector internal view)

external TT L signal m ust be applied through a 470 Ohm

carbon resistor to the SP LIT

photodiode (pi ns 1 and 2). Max current allowed: 10 mA. Nominal: 5 mA

Page 40

THE ‘SPLIT’ MODE (FM VERSION ONL Y)

INPUT

SPLIT

+5V

EXAMPLE N° 2 – SPLIT act iv ation by clean contact

ENG

OPTO

(connector internal view)

The external switch ( cl ean c ontact) is used to shortcut pin 2 and pin 3 (wit h pin 1 and 6 tied together )

Page 41

BROWSING THE MENU TREE

ENG

18 BROWSING THE MENU TREE

This chapter describes all of the parameters and functions you can access and edit through the front panel of the audio processor, grouped ac cording to functional area. S ee the Menu Tree on the following page. It is useful to not e that you can also acce ss all menu settings and param eters more quickly and c onveniently through the PC control software.

PRESETS (PROCESSING CURVES)

The main menu displays the 30 f ac tory preset and 10 editable curves. To select any curve ( pr eset) , t ur n the shuttle knob until it is displayed on t he screen, and press Enter. Alternative curves to the current one are blinki ng.

FIRMWARE VERSION Indicates the current firmware version. To upgrade t he firm ware, see the final chapters of this manual.

DISPLAY REFERENCES

The Di splay References menu displ ays the name and operating r ange, in sequence, of each m eter that appears in the mai n screen (see paragrap h 14.3). The display r eturns to the main screen af ter displaying each m eter. Press the ESC or ENTER key to stop i t before it has finished. Each time the processor is switc hed on, the Display References sequence i s automatically started..

OPTIO NAL CONTROLS

Select Optional Control from the main menu to access a menu t hat allows you to display and/or edi t the following: seri al port status, Ster eo Enhancer parameters, Coder MPX pi lot values, di gital input status, the level of the internally generated RDS signal, the firm ware serial number (code), and the internal temper ature.

INPUT CALIBRATION The Input Calib r a tion menu contains all param eters related to processor audio input.

OUTPUT CALIBRATION

The Output Calibration menu contains all parameters related to processor audio output. The output param eters that may be modified incl ude: Output Lev el, Pre-Emphasis, Noi se Gate and Output Mode.

EDIT PRESET

The Edit Preset m enu allows you to e dit any of the preset curv es as de sired, or t o draw a ne w processing profile from scratch.

Page 42

BROWSING THE MENU TREE

To browse the menu:

- The E nter button (or pressing the shuttle knob) has a dual function: to allow access to a menu sublevel, and to save a new paramet er or f unction v alue.

- The E sc but ton (or selecting ‘Quit’ and then pressing Enter ) allows you to exit a menu sublevel or parameter edi ting screen (exit without saving

- Every time you access a parameter or function, the display shows its current value or status. Alternative to current v alues or stat es may be seen by turning the shuttle. Keep in mind that simply displaying a new value (even when fl ashi ng) loads this value (temporarily) into the processor memory, and thus implements it immediately. This therefore allows the operator to obtain real-tim e feedback changes made.

Once you have highli ghted the new value, you may confirm (save) or cancel it.

- Press Enter a first time to enter the Save function, and then again to confirm

- Press Esc to quit the menu without saving and return to the next higher m enu lay er .

Then press Esc repeatedl y ( or wait a f ew moments) to return to the default screen (menu root) .

NOTE – Contrary to the submenu parameters, a new curve becomes operative (thus is broadcast) only when it is selected after selection .

Instead of front panel access, you may also access all pro cessor functions and operating parameters using the specific PC control software provided with the equipment (see chapter 22). We recommend usin g this software, sin ce it allows immedi ate monitoring and makes it easier to set the curves, levels and functions of the processor, even from a remote location.

REMARKS

the menu item are all displayed, even if the corresponding hardware or software option is not installed

via encoder and th en confirmed by the ENTER comman d within 10 seconds

)

on the

ENG

If the processor does not feature the RDS option, the message «RDS Demo Signal» will appear at the top of the display

Page 43

18.1 FM VERSION – MENU TREE

⏐⎯

FIRMWARE VERSION

⏐⎯

DISPLAY REFERENCES (automatic car ousel of Band com pr es sion and Inp ut L/R ranges)

⏐⎯

OPTIONAL CONTROLS

⏐⎯

INPUT CALIBRATION

⏐⎯

OUTPUT CALIBRATION

⏐⎯

EDIT PRESET

⏐⎯

PRESETS (01 to 40)

Serial Module

⏐⎯⎯

⏐⎯

StrEnh Module

⏐⎯

MPX Mod ule*

⏐⎯

DigInp Module* RDS Module**

⏐⎯

Firmware Code

⏐⎯

Temperature

⏐⎯

Gain Offset

⏐⎯

AGC Speed

⏐⎯

AGC Mode

⏐⎯

Voice Mode

⏐⎯

Output Level

⏐⎯

Preemphasis

⏐⎯

Noise Gate

⏐⎯

Output Mode

⏐⎯

Get Process

⏐⎯

S_Bass Level

⏐⎯

S_Bass Type

⏐⎯

Bass Level

⏐⎯

Mid1 Lev el

⏐⎯

Mid2 Lev el

⏐⎯

Mid3 Lev el

⏐⎯

High Level

⏐⎯

Wide Density

⏐⎯

Brilliance

BROWSING THE MENU TREE

⏐⎯

RS232 Serial 1 Serial Off / Pc Host Interface

⏐⎯

RS232 Serial 2 Serial Off / Satellite Interface

⏐⎯

Effect Depth 0 to 30 msec (1 ms step)

⏐⎯

Effect Band 3 to 15, 5 to 15, 8 to 15 KHz, Effect Disabled

⏐⎯

Effect Level Off, - 29 to - 06 dBu (1 dB step)

⏐⎯

Pilot Level Off, -17.25 to -23.00 dB (0.25 dB step)

⏐⎯

Pilot Phase - 6.0 to + 6.0 Deg (0.5 Deg step)

⏐⎯

Sync Out

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯

RDS Level Off, 0.25 to 6 Khz (0.25 Khz step)

⏐⎯

RDS Phase -10 to +10 Deg (1 Deg step)

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

Digital Input Off / On

+/- 6 dB (0.5 dB step) Off, 0.2 to 6 dB / sec Hold = 0 sec MaxGain = 08 dB Hold = 1 sec MaxGain = 10 dB Hold = 0 sec MaxGain = 12 dB Hold = 2 sec MaxGain = 12 dB Hold = 3 sec MaxGain = 15 dB Hold = 3 sec MaxGain = 20 dB Hold = 0 sec MaxGain = 15 dB Hold = 0 sec MaxGain = 20 dB SlowAttack MaxGain = 08 dB SlowAttack MaxGain = 12 dB SlowAttack MaxGain = 15 dB Voice Mode disabled / enabled

- 4 to 20 dBu (1 dB step) 75 usec Ext ern al 75 usec Int ern al 50 usec Ext ern al 50 usec Int ern al Off, - 80 dB to - 51 dB Normal Operation Peak reference Mo de Process or By pass

Preset to Get 0 to 12 dB (0.5 dB step) Disco Soft, Club Long, Tight Hard

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step)

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) 0 to 12 dB (0.5 dB step)

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step)

ENG

Page 44

18.2 ST VERSION – MENU TREE

⏐⎯

FIRMWARE VERSION

⏐⎯

DISPLAY REFERENCES (automatic car ousel of Band com pr es sion and Inp ut L/R ranges)

⏐⎯

OPTIONAL CONTROLS

⏐⎯

INPUT CALIBRATION

⏐⎯

OUTPUT CALIBRATION

⏐⎯

EDIT PRESET

⏐⎯

PRESETS (01 to 40)

Serial Module

⏐⎯⎯

⏐⎯

StrEnh Module

⏐⎯

MPX Mod ule

⏐⎯

DigInp Module* RDS Module**

⏐⎯

Firmware Code

⏐⎯

Temperature

⏐⎯

Gain Offset

⏐⎯

AGC Speed

⏐⎯

AGC Mode

⏐⎯

Voice Mode

⏐⎯

Input Mode

⏐⎯

Output Level

⏐⎯

Preemphasis

⏐⎯

Noise Gate

⏐⎯

Output Mode

⏐⎯

Power Lim

⏐⎯

Get Process

⏐⎯

S_Bass Level

⏐⎯

S_Bass Type

⏐⎯

Bass Level

⏐⎯

Mid1 Lev el

⏐⎯

Mid2 Lev el

⏐⎯

Mid3 Lev el

⏐⎯

High Level

⏐⎯

Wide Density

⏐⎯

Brilliance

BROWSING THE MENU TREE

⏐⎯

RS232 Serial 1 Serial Off / Pc Host Interface

⏐⎯

RS232 Serial 2 Serial Off / Satellite Interface

⏐⎯

Effect Depth 0 to 30 msec (1 ms step)

⏐⎯

Effect Band 3 to 15, 5 to 15, 8 to 15 KHz, Effect Disabled

⏐⎯

Effect Level Off, - 29 to - 06 dBu (1 dB step)

⏐⎯

NOT AVAILABLE

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯

NOT AVAILABLE

⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ ⏐⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯

Digital Input Off / On

0 to 15 dBu (0.5 dB step) 75 usec Ext ern al 75 usec Int ern al 50 usec Ext ern al 50 usec Int ern al Off, - 80 dB to - 51 dB Normal Operation Peak reference Mo de Process or By pass Off / - 1 dB to + 1 dB ref adj (0.2 5 dB step)

Preset to Get 0 to 12 dB (0.5 dB step) Disco Soft, Club Long, Tight Hard

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step)

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) 0 to 12 dB (0.5 dB step)

- 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step)

ENG

Page 45

I/O CALIBRATION AND SYSTEM SETUP

ENG

19 I/O CALIBRATION AND SYSTEM SETUP

The processor is de signed for easy install ation and set up. All necessary interf ace connections are made through rear panel connectors. Ref er to Rear Panel Connectors Cha pter f or a descripti on and placement of each of the connections.

With proper installation and calibration the processor will give you the most accurate results for audio processing and modul ation. Take the t ime to go throug h the steps provid ed in this chap ter to ensure you get the most out of your equipment.

Power on the unit: the m ain ( default) screen:

will appear in the window display .

Before starting, make sure the unit is running all the default par am eters values, as set in the factory at the deliv ery time. See the final pages for the list of default settings for reference.

19.1 ANALOG / DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT SELECTION

Skip this step if you do not have the optional DG-IN module installed or if you are not using the digital audio input.

Firstly, You have to chose whether You will use the analog input or the digital audio input The unit is shipped f r om the factory with the ANALOG input activated. Wit h e DG-IN opti on installed, You

may enable the digital audio input by entering the DGINP MO DULE menu and switching the Digital Input ON:

DEFAULT SCREEN

Remarks:

- Connect only one type of signal at a time (coaxial or opti c ) to av oi d malfunc tions.

- The Digital Input LED on the front panel GLOWS when the digital input is active.

- Enabling digital input simultaneously cuts out analog input.

- The digital input audio level may not

OPTIO NAL CONTROLS menu

DIGINP MODULE page

Digital Input ON

be adjusted.

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19.2 ANALOG INPUT LEVEL ADJUSTMENT

Skip this step if you are not using the analog inputs.

This step calibr ates the analog inputs to the level at which your studi o system peak s i ts program material on the studio meters. This assures that the processing presets will operate in their optimal r ange.

To take full advantage of the proc essor potential, the AGC value shoul d normally operate in

compression mod e (meaning that it slightly reduces the input level). This is indicated on the display by a negative sign ( the imag e here b elow ind icates f.i. – 3 dB), while a positive sign means there has been an

expansion or gain increase. When the message ‘Gated’ appears on the display , it indicates that there is no incoming signal, or the signal is below the minimum AGC threshold.

The gain factor appli ed by the input stage to the incoming analog signal is set by t he ‘Gain Offset’ control. It is crucial in or der to ensure a standard signal of 0 dB to the internal processor ci r c uits signal of 0dB, t he Gain Offset should be set to 0dB; with a signal of +4dB, the Gain Offset should be set to – 4 dB.

DEFAULT SCREEN

Play program material from your studio, peaking at the level to which you normally peak program

1) material (typi c ally 0VU if your console uses VU meters). In most pop and roc k f orm ats this is not a pr obl em, but i n cl assical or ot her wide dynami c r ange form ats you may have to wait for the loudest pas sage.

adjust the Gain Off set parameter in the ‘Input Calibr ation’ menu until the AGC indi cator display av erages

2) around - 2 / - 3 dB with the most part of Yr stand ard source mat erial.

NOTE: If the G ain Offset control is not enough to achiev e the AGC condition described above, adjust the

3) output level s of the audio source direc tly (mixers, PC audio c ards, etc.). It may be acceptable to work with AGC levels between -3 /- 4 dB and +3 / +4 dB.

If Yr studio consol e or studi o system c an generat e a test tone, y ou may al so adjust t he Gain Offset level

4) with that standard r eference/line-up level tone (r ec ommended).

INPUT CALIBRATION menu

GAIN OFFSET page

. For example: with a

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ENG

19.3 MONO / STEREO INPUT OPERAT ION (ST VERSION ONLY)

The ‘INPUT MODE’ menu selects the mono versus stereo operation of the input. You can chose bet ween a full stereo operation or a Mono mode where L eft and Right i nput channels are mixed together before going through the main processing stages.

NOTE: In the MONO L+R Mode, either t he L or the R output will pr ov ide the L+R sum.

DEFAULT SCREEN

INPUT CALIBRATION menu

INPUT MODE page

19.4 VOICE CONTROL

Some human voi ces (particularl y male voices) ex hibit as much as 6dB asymm etry in their waveform, while typical ‘m usi c al’ si gnals are symmetric.

As asymmetric clipped signals result in a more unpleasant ‘sound’ to the ear than the symmetric clipped ones, a filter designed t o convert asymmet ric waveforms into symm etric ones would be very r ecommended. Even better, it would be highly recommend to pre-process the live speech (as captured by studio microphones) thr ough dedicated VOICE PROCESSORS, that are sit uated between the microphone(s) and the broadcast mixing console (see figure).

Whenever no voi ce processors are avail able and the ‘speech’ material (as sourced by microphones) is directly passed to the processor inputs, You may activate a phase rotator input stage, also called

‘Voice Optimizer’ that removes the asymmetrical waveforms from the incoming audio signal, thus givi ng significant improvements on speech processing and removing any distortion

Although the ‘Voice Optimizer’ stage is a special all-pass filter designed to properly modify live speech material, it may be set as ‘enabled’ even when ‘music’ signals are processed, as it doesn’t affect in a perceivabl e mode the most part of that k ind of signals. However, we suggest to keep it off in every ‘all music’ station, when no live speech interventions are performed.

To enable the Voice Optim iz er stage:

DEFAULT SCREEN

INPUT CALIBRATION menu

VOICE MODE page

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The Phase Rotator stage performs 1 msec Group Delay at low frequencies in respect of medium frequenci es. This results in a phase rotation centered on 600 Hz frequency.

ENG

19.5 AGC SPEED

One of the most important processor function is the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) system, which compensates for variations in the input level to keep the signal at 0 dB. The following par am eters regulate the AGC function and may be modified:

0 AGC Speed: sets the signal c om pensation speed 1 AGC Mode: sets t he m axim um am plificati on l evel (MaxG) , cor recti on pause tim e ( Hol d) and

the freeze threshold (GATE)

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The AGC speed value is expressed in dB/sec - i.e. the number of dB amplified or att enuated in one second. The AGC operates at its f ull speed v alue only when the input signal l evel is l ess than - 3dB and greater than 3 dB compared to the int ernal 0 dB reference level. Withi n this interval, the AGC speed is reduced to one quarter of the set value, as hi gh compression and high am plifi cati on speed on the whole band can engende r unpleasant pumping effects.

For example, with AG C speed = + 5 dB , an i nput sign al of - 15 dBm will be am plified t o - 5 dBm in ex actly two seconds (the approach to the 0 threshold is slower, as expl ained) .

High AGC Speed values obviously make it possible to qui ckly rec over strong level diff erences, but t hey can also lead to unpleasant ‘pumping’ effects.

We suggest using m edium speed levels of around 2 to 3 dB, and es pecially that you concent rate on the audio sources connected to the processor, to obtain t he most even sound possible.

AGC Speed acts on both the digital and analog inputs channel signal level variation.

INPUT CALIBRATION menu

AGC Speed

and sets the compensation speed of the input

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ENG

19.6 AGC MODE

The AGC Mode menu mainly serves to regulate the maximum level gain recov er able by the AGC ( M axGain) and its intervention time (with reference to the interval –3 to 3 dB within which the AGC works at one quarter of the user-set speed).

The Hold parameter all ows you to define the tim e the AGC system has to wait bef ore interv ening when the signal varies. Hold = 0 m eans that the system reacts instant ly t o any source signal variati ons, whil e Hold = 2 m eans that you must wait two seconds bef or e the automatic level compensation pr ocess begins.

F.i., if AGC Speed i s set as 2 dB/ sec and t he input sig nal drops do wn of 6 dB , t he com pensati on tri p will be completely r eached af ter 3 second s if Hol d tim e i s 0 sec (6/ 2) and af t er 6 seconds (3 + 6/ 2) if Hold time is 3 seconds.

For best perf ormance, we recomm end using Hold = 0Sec (Mode 2) f or musi cal sources and Hold = 3 Sec (Mode 5) for ‘speech’ source s.

The MaxG (Maximum Gain) parameter sets the max imum amplification v alue attainable by the AGC system. For instance, setting Mode 2 m eans that maxim um amplification is +12dB: thus a –12dB signal can be compensated to 0, while a –15dB signal will reach a maximum of –3dB.

We suggest setti ng a medium MaxGain value (no m ore than +12 dB, keeping i n mind that this value m ay already be enough to alter level ratios between different musical passages, as in the case of classical music), and Hold= 0 if the music flow is discontinuous and immediate AGC intervention is required, or a higher Hold val ue (3 or 4 seconds) if any sil ent breaks may occur during t he broadcast (pauses in speech, line changeover between studios, etc.).

The Gate parameter indicates the threshold level under which the AGC system is frozen, and does not amplify the signal. While operating without the signal, the display visualiz es the AGC GATE status.

Once you hav e located thi s feature in the Input Calibration submenu, use the shuttl e to select one of the following 5 fix ed combinations (NOT E: the above parameters m ay not be selected or edited indiv idually, but only within t he pr eset c om binations):

- Mode 0 Hold=0Sec MaxG=+08dB Gate=-18dB

- Mode 1 Hold=1Sec MaxG=+10dB Gate=-18dB

- Mode 2 Hold=0Sec MaxG=+12dB Gate=-18dB

- Mode 3 Hold=2Sec MaxG=+12dB Gate=-24dB

- Mode 4 Hold=3Sec MaxG=+15dB Gate=-24dB

- Mode 5 Hold=3Sec MaxG=+20dB Gate=-24dB

- Mode 6 Hold=0Sec MaxG=+15dB Gate=-24dB

- Mode 7 Hold=0Sec MaxG=+20dB Gate=-24dB

- Mode 8 SlowAttack MaxG=+08dB

- Mode 9 SlowAttack MaxG=+12dB

- Mode10 SlowAttack MaxG=+15dB

The AGC Mode = Slow Attack option is recommended wherev er audio source are aff ected by high-speed and unexpected level modifications (f.i. voice or music not pre-processed) which might generate ‘pumping’ effect in the broadcast signal. What about MaxGain parameter, see par. 5.10. Recommended setting value: MaxGain = 12 dB.

NOTE: Gate parameter is not displayed on the processor LCD panel.

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INPUT CALIBRATION menu

AGC Mode

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ENG

19.7 ANALOG OUT PUT PRE-EMPHASIS

The XLRs analog out put is intended f or appl ications requi ring di screte L/R pr ocessed audi o. The f requency characteristic can follow a selected pre-emphasis curve, with or without subsequent de-emphasis. The factory-default setting is with pre-emphasis engaged, accordingly to the destination country (50 or 75 uSec).

Whenever de-emphatization mode is set (ref to the EXTERNAL mode here below), the analog output provides a signal wit h a fl at fr equency char acteri sti c, but with an output ceili ng that follows the inverse of the pre-emphasis curve. Thus, if the signal is again pre-emphasized in an external stereo generator or FM exciter, the t r ansmit ted signal will have proper pre-em phasis and spect r al protection.

NOTE: The processor generates two types of pre-emphasis: dynamic and fixed. The former may vary in

relation to the modulation peak, thereby consider ably inc r easing the average modulation within the maximum deviation of 75KH z, while the lat ter is f ixed at 50 or 75 uSec depending on t he countr y in which it is used. If necessary, the latter may be removed from the analog audio outputs, while the first is always present to ensure proper modulation at all times.

In summary, the following pr e- emphasis settings are available:

75uSec External

75uSec Internal

50uSec External

50uSec Internal

** The

pre-emph.off

To set the proper pre- em phasi s mode:

Flat Response on the analog XLR output, requires external pre-emphatization of 75 uSec**

75 uSec pre-emphasized analog XLR output **

Flat Response on the analog XLR output, requires external pre-emphatization of 50 uSec**

50 uSec pre-emphasized analog XLR output **

LED on the front panel glows when the External option is set.

DEFAULT SCREEN

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

NOTE (FM version ONLY

PREEMPHASIS page

If, for some reason, the unit is to be operated at a preemphasis/de-emphasis which are different to those as suppl i ed, i n addit ion t o the m enu setting,

you need to open the top cover and set properly the jumpers CN 17 and CN 18 on the outside of the I/O MPX board (left board) outward (see pic ture below)

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ENG

Remarks:

Only one

recommended to use th e pre-emph asis within the processor and turn off the one generat e d by ex te r na l TX or MPX Co de r s .

The processor’s pre-em phasi s may be disable d on the analog audio outputs, but NOT on the MPX output, which remains 50 or 75 uSec pre-emphasized at all times.

- European c ountries use a pre-emphasis time of 50 uSec.

pre-emphasis must be kept active in a transmitting chain. It is highly

19.8 DIGITAL AUDIO OUTPUT PRE-EMPHASIS (ST VERSION ONLY)

The digital audio output (available as an option on the ST model ) follows the same settings of discrete analog audio (r ef t o previ ou s S ection ).

Jumper

s CN 17 and CN 18 must not be set!

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19.9 ANALOG OUTPUT LEVEL

You can adjust the analog audio output level (XLR connectors) through the Output Level control:

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The O utpu t L evel param eter ex presses t he peak therefor e corr espond s to the maximum

To set the optimum audio output level, it is advisable to enable the Peak Referen ce Tone. The Peak Tone is a 400-Hz reference t one that identifies the peak value of the audio signal, which must match the maxim um frequency dev iation of 75KHz. In other words, the peak tone identif ies an audio level will never be exceeded dur ing normal processor operation

To enable the Peak Tone:

To disable the Peak Reference Tone:

NOTE: The proc essor fact ory settings are 0 dB f or both input and output. T o achieve the best degree of evenness, we theref ore recommend adj usting the equipment connect ed to the processor (stereo encoder s, exciters, etc .) rather than the processor itself .

We remind you that pre- em phasi s may be di sabl ed on the out puts, although it is not recommended.

- Where ther e are long secti ons of cabl e and unbalance d connecti ons, we recom mend sett ing the out put level to above 0dB to c om pensate for possible attenuation by the cabl es.

- The peak output value is the same as the Output Level paramet er only for processed musical signals, which are dynamic and constantly variable. For stati c (sine) signals, the out put peak is attenuated by a few dB compared to the Output Level shown on the display ; the exact degree of attenuat ion depends on the curve selected.

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

OUTPUT LE VEL page

frequency deviati on) .

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OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

OUTPUT MODE menu

PEAK REFERENCE TONE

DEFAULT SCREEN

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

OUTPUT MODE menu

NORMAL MODE

value (in dB u) achi ev ed by t he audi o out put si gnal (which

(expressed in dBu) that

19.10 DIG ITAL AUDIO OUTPUT LEVEL

The digital audio output can not be altered by the user.

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ENG

19.11 MPX OUTPUT LEVEL (FM VERSION ONLY)*

The MPX signal (+ any i nternally or externally gener ated RDS signal or SCA signal) is av ailable on the Bnc MPX OUT connector. * the MPX module is available as an option

The MPX output may be tuned usi ng the small trimmer located next to the output B NC. I n order to best adjust t he output l evel, we recomm end enabling a pil ot tone

20.7), which ident ifies the maximum peak which match the devi ation of 75 KHz.

(see paragraph

The Peak Tone is a 400-Hz reference tone that identifies the peak v alue of the mpx signal, which m ust match the maxim um frequency deviation of 75K Hz. In other words, the peak tone ident ifies an audio level that will never be exc eeded dur ing normal processor operation

To enable the Peak Refer ence Tone:

To disable the Peak Reference Tone:

DEFAULT SCREEN

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

OUTPUT MODE menu

PEAK REFERENCE TONE

DEFAULT SCREEN

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

OUTPUT MODE menu

NORMAL MODE

pre-emphasis on the MPX output can never be turned off. You must therefore cut out any

pre-emphasis fr om transmitters or transfer links.

We recommend connecting the processor output directly t o the t r ansmit ter or radio link, without insert ing any other equipment. The factory preset for the overall MPX signal is 0dBu.

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ENG

19.12 MPX OUTPUT PREEMPHASIS (FM VERSION ONLY)*

The Mpx out put is with pre-emphasis al ways engaged, accordi ngly to the destination count ry (50 or 75 uSec).

If, for some reason, the uni t i s to be operated at a preemphasis time which is diff erent to that as supplied, set the proper pre-emphasis time through the menu:

DEFAULT SCREEN

75uSec External

75uSec Internal

50uSec External

50uSec Internal

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

PREEMPHASIS

Not available on the Mpx out put

75 uSec pre-emphasis

Not available on the Mpx out put

50 uSec pre-emphasis

19.13 PILOT CALIBRATION (FM VERSION ONLY) *

*the MPX module is available as an option

The 19 kHz pilot signal lev el and phase (neces sary for any stereo broadcast) m ay be adjusted v ia the MPX Module menu page.

DEFAULT SCREEN

- Pilot Level: The default is set to – 20 dB compared to the overall Stereo Com posite M P X signal. Use the shuttle to change this level within the range of –23 dB to –17.25 dB, in 0. 25 dB steps. The pilot signal may also be disabled by turning the shuttle counter-clockwise to Off.

- Pi lo t Phase m ay be adj usted fr om –6.0 to +6.0 degrees (Deg) in 0.5-degree steps.

NOTE: The overall MPX Out output level may only corresponding connect or . The adjustment range is -inf to+12dBm (factory preset: 0 dBm).

OPTIO NAL CONTROLS menu

MPX MODULE menu

PILOT LEVEL (or PILOT PHASE)

be adjusted by means of the trimmer next to the

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ENG

19.14 RDS SIGNAL LEVEL CONTROL (FM VERSION ONLY) ***

The processor generated RDS si gnal level and phase can be adjusted by means of the RDS Module menu.

DEFAULT SCREEN

The RDS si gnal Level may be adjusted wit hi n the devi ati on range of 1. 0 to 6.0 kHz (default operati ng l evel:

-31.5dB, D=2.0 K Hz ). The relation between deviation and level is as in the foll owing table:

- The RDS function may be disabled

- The RDS signal is av ailable on the MP X Out connector, mixed together with the MPX signal. Also see par. 19.11 for setting the overall MPX signal.

Message content, times and Alternative Frequenci es li sts may be programmed solely by means of a PC, with the control software installed. See chapter 22.

OPTIO NAL CONTROLS menu

RDS MODULE menu

RDS LEVEL (or RDS PHASE)

-37.5 dB D=1.0 KHz

-31.5 dB D=2.0 KHz

-28 dB D=3.0 KHz

-25.5 dB D=4.0 KHz

-23.5 dB D=5.0 KHz

-21.9 dB D=6.0 KHz

by turning the shuttle count er - c lockwise to Off.

When the RDS option is not installed, the RDS Module menu still allows you to broadcast a demo version (RDS Demo), which supports all the services of the full version but whic h is not user-programm a ble. The RDS option can be installed also after

purchasing the equi pment To do so, notify the manufacturer of your firmware code (see par.

20.4)

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ENG

19.15 POWER LIMITER CONTROL ITU 412 (ST VERSION ONLY)

The ITU BS- 412 regulation aim s to reduce the densit y of the modul ated signal while m aintaining the sam e peak deviation level in order to ensure minimal or limited co- c hannel interference.

The BS-412 definition says:

“It is assumed that the maximum peak deviation of +/- 75 kHz is not exceeded. Moreov er , it is assum ed that the power of the complete multiplex signal (including pilot -tone and additional signals) integrated over any interval of 60 seconds is not higher than the power of a multiplex signal containing a single sinus oidal tone which causes a peak deviat ion of +/- 19 kHz.”

It is possible to adjust the output so that it will adhere to the BS-412 regul ation.

To enable

WARNING! The POWER LI M I TE R de fa ult setti n g is Off ITU-R 412 recommendation. However, if your country’s laws do not requi re t he use of the MPX Power Limiter, make sure that the Power Control is set to off, or severe loss of loudness will resu lt!

E.g, whit th e ITU BS-412 Power Limiter set to on at 0.0d B, there are approximatel y 5 to 8 dB loudness loss over the limiter being switched off!

the output power limiting:

DEFAULT SCREEN

. Many European countri es are enforcing

OUTPUT CALIBRATION menu

POWER LIM(ITER) page

OUTPUT POWER LIMITER

Whenever RDS or Pilot levels are different from the default ones, t he pr oc essor has enough adjustment available ( Ref. A dj) on it that allows the processing to be compensated in order to keep the modulated signal within the BS-412 limits.

The output power cal c ulation does not take into account the injection values of the Pilot, external RDS signal and possible SCA signals. The following v alues are therefore assumed by default in the power calculation:

Pilot = - 20dB, Rds = - 31.5dB, Preemphasis = 50 uSec, No SCA signals

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For instance:

I/O CALIBRATION AND SYSTEM SETUP

Output mode Limiting threshold

RDS signal not avail able + 0.25 dBITUref Mono signal (no Pilot available) +1.0 dB Mono signal (no Pilot available) + RDS +0.75 dBITUref

For better results, we recommend to use the Equalization Presets 29 and 30 (labeled as ITU), as they have been especi ally designed to keep the output power as much constant as possible. As expected resul t, the power level will always range by less than 0.5 dB the reference output level and it will never exceed +1 dB provide a still ITU-compatible output, but with power output levels reduced by 0.5 dB.

ITUref

ITU in respect of

ITU ceili ng. T he other P r esets wil l

ENG

The graphic shows the performance of the MPX limiter over a 33 minute time peri od: This test was done using an audio CD. The dips are due t o the pauses between t he tr acks on the CD; those

dips are thus factor ed into the average of the measurement. As can be observ ed on the graphic, the MPX level never ex ceeds by more than + 0.5 dB the 0 dBu level lim it

(this is the refer enc e lev el that indicates the 19kHz average power deviation level). Deviation peaks range bet ween 55K hz and 70K hz depending on the aired audio material.

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ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS

ENG

20 ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS

20.1 SERIAL PORT ENABLING (SERIAL MODULE)

The Serial Module menu visualizes the status of the two serial ports RS 232 allowing their enabling or disabling.

Remarks:

- Ports are enabled by default

- Firmware upgrade and remote contr ol ar e possible only with enabled ports.

- Accessing the Serial Module page does not affect normal processor operation

(factory preset).

DEFAULT SCREEN

OPTIO NAL CONTROLS menu

SERIAL MODULE menu

RS 232 Serial 1 Off: port disabled / PC Host Interface: port enabled RS 232 Serial 2 Off: port disabled / Satellite Interface: port enabled

and

20.2 STEREO ENHANCEMENT SETTING (STRENH MODULE)

The Stereo Enhancer operating mode may be set through the StrEnh Module menu. The Stereo Enhancer Module creates a psycho-acoustic effect which gives a sensation of a stronger

stereophonic sound. The eff ect is created digit ally from the dif ference (L-R) between the input signals, which is delayed (d elay time set by Effect Depth parameter), is limited in band (according to Effect Band parameter) and finally injected on both c hannels accordi ng to Eff ect Level param eter: -29dBu correspond t o the mi nimal injecti on (resulti ng in a small Stereo Enhanci ng effect) and –6 dBu correspond to the max injection ( resulting in the strongest Ster eo effect).

Three param eters (Effect Depth, Eff ect Band and Effect Level) are acces sible from the StrEnh Module menu.

Once you have identified this function within the Optional Controls submenu, use the shuttle to select/modify the following:

- Eff ect Level : sets the ster eophonic eff ect added t o the ori ginal si gnal. T he paramet er may range f rom – 29dBu to –6 dBu, with 1 dBu steps. The effect can also be avoided clockwise to Off

- Effect Depth: defines the delay applied to the stereophonic effect added to the ori ginal signal. The delay may range from 0 to 30 msec with 1 msec steps.

- Eff ect Band: sets the band width of the stereophonic effect added to the ori ginal signal. This paramet er may have 4 diff erent values. 3KHz t o 15KHz / 5KHz to 15KHz / 8KHz to 15KHz / Effect Disabled. The narrower the band, t he str onger the stereo effect perceived on high f r equenc ies.

Default value s : Effect Depth 25mSec, E f f ect Band 5KHz to 15KHz, Effect Level –10 dBu.

by turning the shuttle counter-

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ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS

To save a new Press Esc to exit without saving any changes. Press Esc again, or select the Quit option on the display, to return to the next higher menu layer.

setting, press Enter twice.

ENG

20.3 NOISE GATE SETTING (NOISE GATE)

The Noise Gate function allows you to avoid the effects of background noises while the input si gnal pr esents a lack of high frequenci es. The parameter to be set i s the Noise Gate Th reshold, which determines the threshold val ue below which the dynamic pre-emphasis is automatically excluded.

Once you have identifi ed this function within the Output Calibration submenu, use the shuttle to select:

- Noise Gate Threshold: This may be adjusted within a range of –80 to –51dB (1 dB steps).

The Noise Gate f unction can be turned off if necessary by turni ng the shuttle counter- clockwise to the Off position.

The default level is –76dB.

To save a new Press Esc to exit without saving any changes. Press Esc again, or select the Quit option on the display, to return to the next higher menu layer.

setting, press Enter twice.

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ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS

ENG

20.4 READING OUT THE FIRMWARE CODE

The Firmware Code m enu page di spl ay s the internal firmware serial code. The user must supply this number to the manufacturer in order to upgrade t he pr ocessor firmware or add the

RDS option.

20.5 READING OUT THE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE

The Temperature sub-menu shows the internal temperatur e of the processor during operation.

- The c ur r ent temperature is updated each time this option is accessed.

- We recommend checking the internal tem per ature after a few hours of continuous operation.

- For proper operation, the temperature should never exceed 50 °C

leave a ventilation space equivalent to at least 1 rack unit both above and below the processor.

must

You can find the Temperature sub-menu in the Optional Contr ols menu Pr ess Esc to exit.

. If this threshold is exceeded, you

20.6 READING OUT THE FIRMWARE VERSION

The Firmware Version sub-menu shows the current version of y our firmware. Firmware may be upgraded to later versions (see related section) . The page is available in the root menu. Press Esc to exit.

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ADDITIONAL SETUP TASKS

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20.7 CHANGING THE OPERATING MODE ( OUTPUT MODE)

The Output Mode function allows you to select from among three dif ferent equipment operating m odes:

- Normal operation

- Peak Reference Tone

- Processor ByPass The Normal operati on allows normal use of the equipment and all of its functions. In Peak Refer ence T one mode, a reference t one of 400 Hz is output on the A nalog Out output, as wel l as

on the MPX Out ** output consisting of a 400 Hz/ 0 dB tone + 19 kHz / - 20 dB pilot tone *****. The Peak Tone identif ies the maxim um peak value of the audio and M PX signals reached by the pr ocessor

while it i s operating. This peak corr esponds to the m aximum frequency dev iation. T his allows you to set the levels for the entire sound chain simply and safely.

In Pro cessor ByPass mode, all the processi ng sections are disabl ed (AGC system , audio processing an d pre-emphasis circuit). It allows you to carry out tests and ref er enc e m easurements. The Warning LED is lit when Peak Tone Reference and Processor ByP as s mode are activated.

Once you have identifi ed this function within the Output Calibration submenu, use the shuttle to select:

- Normal operation

- Peak Reference Tone

- Processor ByPass ** This is an optional plug-in

***** The pilot signal may be disabled by selecting the Off option within the MPX module menu before enabling the Peak Reference Tone mode.

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CHOOSING THE PROCESSING CURVE (FM and ST)

ENG

21 CHOOSING THE PROCESSING CURVE (FM and ST)

21.1 INTRODUCTION

Once you have adj usted t he i nput l evels and reache d the c orrec t AG C l evel processing curve.

The processor has 40 curves: the fact ory presets (PR) are stor ed i n posi ti ons 01 through 30, whil e posi ti ons 31 to 40 may be set by the operator.

As shown in the table on the next page, there are 10 parameters involv ed in pr oc essing. Keep in mind that:

- The letter ‘T’ in the l ast c olum n indicates that the cor r espondi ng pr ofile is useful for c onduc ting Tests and

measurements on the processor

- The letter ‘S’ indicat es that the corresponding profile allows you to reach a high broadcasting sound level

(high density Signal) and an av er age sound fidelity

- The letter ‘Q’ i ndicates that the corr esponding profil e should be used whenev er you prefer a broadcast

with good fidelity (Qualit y ) and an av erage sound level (low density).

Before creating a new custom curve, we recommend that you carefully evaluate the 30 factory presets, all of which are suitabl e f or immediate on- air use giv en their av erage cont ent of the v arious signal

components. You may compare the different curves if desired, using curve 1 (‘flat’) as a reference. NOTE – Contrary to the submenu parameters, a new curve becomes operative (t hus is bro adcast)

only when it is select ed after selection .

via encoder and then confirmed by the ENTER command withi n 10 seconds

, you may move on t o select the

21.2 HEAVILY SPOKEN PROGRAMS

The processor of fers a group of prof iles specifically dev eloped for broadcasts that have heavy spoken or vocal content in gener al. These profiles are charact eri zed by low brilliance and high frequency values.

We also emphasize t hat, in the case of voice-onl y broadcasts, it is recommended to lower the operating level of the Stereo Enhancer (Effect Level).

The best factory-p reset curves suited to voice processing are numbers 26 through 30.

Make also sure the Voice Optimizer stage is set as enabled (ref to par. 19.4).

21.3 HEAVILY M U SICAL PROGRAMS

The preset curves 1 through 25 are specifically designed for pr oc essing music programs. By default , the curve presented by the processor upon start-up is nu mber 18 (also indicated as ‘RIO’). This is one of the most widely used curves course, the choi c e of curve depends strictly on the type of musical programming, as well as personal taste or preference. You should al so keep in mi nd that t he final ‘t imbre’ m ay also be aff ected by other equipm ent in the transmission chain.

, since it offers a good degree of density and listenability. Of

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ENG

SUPER BASS

PRESET DESCRIPTION

LEVEL TYPE

01 CDG FLAT 0 d.soft 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (T)

02 CHI FLAT 0 d.soft 0 0 0 0 0 2.5 0 (Q) 03 DFW FLAT 0 d.soft 0 0 0 0 0 4.0 -1 (Q) 04 FCO FLAT 0 d.soft 0 0 0 -1 +1 6.0 -3 (T)

05 MOW LIVE 0 d.soft +1 -2 -1 -1 0 5.0 -1 (Q)

06 SYD LI VE 0 d. soft +1 -2 -1.5 -1 0 8.0 -1 (Q) 07 TYO VOCAL 0 d.soft -3 +1 0 -2 -1 9.0 0 (Q)

08 ATH LIVE 0 d.soft -1 -2.5 -1.5 -1 +2 5.0 +1 (Q) 09 HKG VOCAL 0 d.soft -3 0 0 -2 -2 10.0 -4 (Q) 10 MSY POP 4 d.soft -1 -2.5 -1 -1 +2 3.0 +4 (S)

11 VIE POP 6 d.soft -2 -3 -1.5 -0.5 0 5.0 0 (S)* 12 ATL POP LIVE 5 d.soft -1.5 -0.5 -2. 5 0 +1 5.5 0 (Q)

13 JFK POP LIVE 6 d.soft -1.5 +0.5 -2 -1 +1 4.0 -2 (Q) 14 MXP SOFT 4 d.soft -1 -2.5 -2.5 -1 0 6.0 +2 (Q) 15 YMQ SOFT 2 c.long -1 0 0 -1 0 4.0 +1 (Q)

16 BER DISCO 4 c.long -2 -3.5 -0.5 -1 +1 5.0 +1 (S)*

17 LAX VOCAL 4 c.long -2 -0.5 -2.5 -1.5 +1 7.0 +1 (Q)

18 RIO DISCO 3 c.long -1.5 -2 -1 -1 -1 8.0 0 (S)*

19 SCL LIVE 4 c.long

20 BOM LOUD 6 d.soft -2 -3 -1.5 -1 +1 7.0 2 (Q)

21 LHR LOUD 8 d.soft -3 -2.5 -0.5 -1.5 +1 6.0 -2 (S)* 22 MAD BASS 6 d.soft -2 -3 -1.5 -1.5 +1 8.0 +2 (S) 23 BOS BASS 5 c.long -1.5 -2.5 -1 -1.5 0 6.0 0.5 (S)

24 SHA LO UD 4 c.long 0 -3 0.5 -1 +1 7.0 0 (S)

25 YYZ LOUD 7 d.soft -2 -3 -1 -2 0 8.0 -0.5 (S)*

26 BUE VOCAL 2 c.long -1.5 -0.5 -0.5 -2 -3.5 8.0 -2 (Q)

27 MEL VOCAL 2 d.soft -1.5 +0.5 -3.5 -2 -2.5 8.0 -2 (Q) 28 AMS VO CAL 2 t.hard -1.5 +0.5 0 -2 -2.5 8.0 -2 (Q) 29 CCS VOCAL 2 c.long -1.5 -2 -2 -2.5 -3.5 8.0 -3 (Q) 30 MEX VO CAL 3 t.hard -1.5 -1. 5 -1 0 0 7.0 -4 (Q)

BASS

LEVEL

MID 1 MID 2 MID 3 HIGH

0 0 0 0 0 5.0 0 (Q)

WIDE

DENSITY

BRILLIANCE

(T)=test

(S)=sign

(Q)=quality

21.4 CREATING A NEW CURVE VIA THE MENU

NOTE: the p rocedure for setting a n ew curve is easier if carried out using the PC co ntrol software (see chapter 22).

As already explained in other sections of the manual, the DSPs in the processor implement five compressors, which affect the 5 bands: Bass, Mid 1, Mid 2, Mid 3 and High.

Using the Bass, Mi d1, Mid2, Mi d3 and High c ontrols (avail able in t he ‘Edit process’ menu), you m ay shift the trip threshold of the individual proc essors, so that t he correspon ding frequencies are m ore or less present in the final signal.

The five met er bar s di spl ay ed on the front panel indicate t he level of compression ex ert ed on eac h frequency (in other words, the m ore notches shown, the mor e the corresponding frequenc y is compressed, and thus the less will be audible).

Example time the Mid1 f r equency contains sou nd c om ponents with a lev el of at least – 6 dB. On the other hand, if the Mid1 control is set to + 2 dB, the corres ponding comp ressor w ill begin functionin g later, thus only w hen the related sound component r eaches + 2 dB and all of this translates int o a stronger presence in the output signal of the audio component s of Mid1 frequencies.

: if the Mid1 cont rol is s et t o a value of –6 dB, the corresponding compr essor w ill be act ivat ed each

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The following pr oc essing parameters may be adjusted.

• Super Bass Level

• Super Bass Type

• Bass Level

• Mid1 Level

• Mid 2 Level

• M id 3 Level

• High Level

The Super Bass Level par ameter sets the lev el of the Bass Enhanc er eff ect added t o the sound. The Bass Enhancer tak es the bass signal from the 30Hz-200Hz range, and generate s subharmoni cs that are filter ed and modeled by the Super Bass Ty pe, then once again injected onto the bi-channel signal, at the level set via the Super Bass Level control. Super Bass Level may be adj usted from 0.0 to +12.0 dB, with steps of 0.5 dB.

The Super Bass Type parameter sets the type of bass added to the sound by the B ass Enhancer. The Bass Enhancer tak es the bass signal from the 30Hz-200Hz range, and generate s subharmoni cs that are filter ed and modeled by the Super Bass Ty pe, then once again injected onto the bi-channel signal at the level set v ia the Super Bass Level control. The Super Bass Type may generate three different types of bass:

• Disco Soft Bass (30-Hz range)

• Club Long Bass (80-Hz range)

• Tight Hard Bass (150-Hz range)

The Bass Level parameter adjusts the threshold level that trips the bass frequency compressor, aff ecting the f requency band f rom 30KHz to 200KHz The higher the t hreshold v alue (f.i. + 1 / +2), the l ess the bass will be compressed, and will thus be more strongly present. A value of 0 means leaving the frequency substantiall y unchanged. Bass Level may be adjusted from –6.0 to + 6.0, with steps of 0. 5. No uni t of measure is indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression parameters.

The Mid 1 Level parameter adjusts the threshold level that trips the middle-bass frequency compressor, affecti ng the frequency band from 200KHz to 1.5KHz diagram). The higher the t hreshold value (f .i. +1 / +2), the less the m edium-bass tone s will be compressed, and will t hus be stronger. A value of 0 m eans l eav ing the frequency substantiall y unchanged. Mid 3 Level may be adjusted from –6.0 to +6.0, with steps of 0.5. No unit of measure is indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression parameters.

The Mid 2 L evel parameter adj usts the threshold l evel that t rips the mi ddle frequency compressor, aff ecting the f requency band f rom 1. 5KHz to 4.8KHz (see bl ock diagram ). The higher the threshold value (f.i. +1 / +2), the less the medium tones will be compressed, and will thus be stronger. A value of 0 means leaving the frequency substantiall y unchanged. Mid 3 Level may be adjusted from –6.0 to +6.0, with steps of 0.5. No unit of measure is indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression parameters.

The Mid 3 Level parameter adjusts the threshold level that trips the middle-high frequency com pressor, af f ecti ng the f r equency band f rom 4. 8KHz t o 9.5KHz (see block diagram). The higher the threshold val ue (f.i. +1 / +2), the less the medi um-high tones will be compressed, and will t hus be stronger. A value of 0 m eans l eav ing the frequency substantiall y unchanged. Mid 3 Level may be adjusted from –6.0 to +6.0, with steps of 0.5. No unit of measure is indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression parameters.

The High Level parameter adjusts the threshold level that trips the high frequency compressor, aff ecting the frequenc y band from 9. 5KHz to 15KHz (see block di agram). The higher the threshold value (f.i. +1 / +2), the less the high frequencies will be compressed, and will thus be more strongly present. A value of 0 means leavi ng the frequency substantially unchanged. High Level may be adj usted from –6. 0 to +6.0, with steps of 0. 5. No unit of measure i s indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression

ENG

(see block di agram).

(see block

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• Wide Density

• Brilliance

CHOOSING THE PROCESSING CURVE (FM and ST)

parameters. The Wide Density parameter adjusts the compression level throughout the band,

increasing t he average signal lev el (while reduci ng dynamics). The fr equency deviation remains within 75 KHz. Wide Density may be adj usted from 0.0 to +12.0 dB, with steps of 0.5 dB. High density values provide the transmitted signal with a strong ‘presence’, while reducing the dynamics of the signal. We recommend using low-density profiles for programs based on classical and symphony music.

The Brilliance par ameter adjusts the HF limiter level, for better defi nit ion of the high f requenci es. It m ay be adj usted withi n a range of –6.0 to +6.0, with steps of 0.5. No unit of measure is indicated, because this adjustment simultaneously affects multiple compression parameters. A value of 0 means leaving the frequenc y substantial ly unchanged; values <0 m ake the paramet er more incisive, while values >0 reduce it s effects. Its effects are especially strongly felt when the transmitting pre-emphasis is the one generated by the proc essor.

ENG

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There are two ways to design or customize a curve:

A. From among the existing curves, identify the one closest to the desired curve

deemed appropri ate (f or example, raise the l evel of mid tones or cut o ut low f requenci es) and sav e the new curve thus obtai ned in one of the 10 locations set aside for the user (31 through 40) .

B. Begin in a starting

and, through trial and error, try to individually increase the thresholds of the various compressors to enhance the final sound of the desired component.

The starting condition

There are two ways to select the curve to which to make changes or force the initi al status described above:

1. selection directly from the main menu

- use the shuttle to select the curve to edit and press ‘Ent er ’ to execute that curve

- tur n the shuttle counter-clock wise until it reaches the ‘Edit Preset’ menu

- press ‘Ent er ’: the display will show the item ‘Get Pr oc ess’

- turn the shutt le to t he right: t he indi cation will appear of t he first param eter it is now possibl e to chang e

(Super Bass Level) . Turning t he shuttle f urther, the display will show the param et ers in sequence: Super Bass Level, Super Bass Type, B ass, Mid1, Mid2, Mid3, High, Wide Density, B rill iance (see table above).

2. selection using the ‘Get Process’ function

- enter the ‘Edit Preset’ menu by turning the shuttle counter-clockwise starting from the default screen.

- press ‘Ent er ’ : this will access the ‘Get Process’ function

- Press ‘Enter’ : this will access the function to select which preset to change (Preset To Get).

- tur n the shuttle clockwise until you identify the curve t o be changed, and pr ess ‘Enter’ twice (t he first time

to select and the second to conf irm your choice).

- turn the shutt le to t he right: t he indi cation will appear of t he first param eter it is now possibl e to chang e

(Super Bass Level) . Turning t he shuttle f urther, the display will show the param et ers in sequence: Super Bass Level, Super Bass Type, B ass, Mid1, Mid2, Mid3, High, Wide Density, B rill iance.

For each paramet er it is possible to:

- press ‘Ent er’ to access the param eter levels screen: turn t he shuttle to scroll through the options. The

output sound is changed in r eal time according to the values displayed m om ent by moment

- once you hav e identified a new lev el for the parameter, press ‘Enter’ onc e to save the changes, then

again to confirm

- press ‘Esc’ i f instead you wish to abort the editing process without saving

NOTE: to emphasize one or more frequencies, we recommend increasing the compression ratio of

undesired frequencies (lowering the threshold of the relative compressors) rather than raising the thresholds of the desired frequencies. Also keep in mind that a frequency is, essentially, already fully

audible at threshold values of around + 2 / + 2.5 dB.

conditi on in which all frequencies are heav ily compressed (completely ‘closed’ sou nd)

from which to begin in the latter case (case B) might be as follows:

PARAMETER VALUE

Super Bass Level + 6 dB Super Bass Type T ight Hard Bass Bass Level - 3 dB Mid 1 Level - 5 dB Mid 2 Level - 5 dB Mid 3 Level - 5 dB High Level - 4 dB Wide Density + 6 dB Brillianc e + 3 dB

, make the changes

ENG

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CHOOSING THE PROCESSING CURVE (FM and ST)

Once you have finished choosing all the new levels:

- tur n the shuttle counter-clock wise until you see the ‘Get Process’ item again

- keep t ur ning the shuttle until the item ‘Quit ’ appear s on the left

- press ‘Enter’.

At this point the m enu displ ay s the item ‘Editing To TrashCan’

- when this option i s selected with ‘E nter’, the changes made up until t hat moment will not be saved, and

will be lost.

- by turning t he shuttle clockwise i nstead you may fi nd the positi on (thus the new curv e) in which t o save

the changes. Once you hav e found t he position ( between 31 and 40), press ‘Enter ’ t wice. The proc essor will automati c ally put the new curve on the air.

ENG

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THE PC CONTROL SOFTWARE (FM and ST versions)

ENG

22 THE PC CONTROL SOFTWARE (FM and ST versions)

22.1 INTRODUCTION

The processor com es with a intui tive and reli able software runni ng on Windows 95, 98, NT, ME, 2000, XP platform s and speci ally designed for remote / direct equipment pr ogr amming and control.

Through a normal PC, the software allows the remote monitoring of the working conditions of all the processor secti ons (f rom the generat ion of the signal MPX at l evel of AGC) as well as the statem ent of t he messages and the RDS services (whenever RDS option is installed). The software screen reproduces, effectively and intuitively, all the controls and settings already available from the front panel menu, and integrates them with new and useful functions for rem ote programming.

Even the procedure for setting a new curve, or changing an existing one, is extremely simplified: the simultaneous di splay of al l av ailabl e paramet ers in a singl e windo w al l ows the oper ator t o have a direct and graphic feedback on the interventions made.

Easy to install on any PC (ev en older m odels), the software may function in two different modes The first one is called bidirectional (or local), as it allows both real- time display and editi ng of the current

processor confi gur ation. Serial cable (not cr ossed type) shoul d be not more than 20 meters long.

The second connection mode is called mono directional, as it has no return channel. The typical applicati on i s cent r alized control – via satellite – of equipment installed in different transmitting sites.

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22.2 BIDIRECTIONAL MODE ( DIRECT CONTROL)

On the rear panel of the pr oc essor are two serial ports for interfacing t o IBM -compatible PCs.

SERIAL 1

BI -DIRECTIONAL CONNECTION

- DIRECT SOFTWARE CONTROL

- FIRMWARE UPGRADE

ENG

PC CONTROL SOFTWARE

The picture shows the bidirectional (or local) connection mode between the processor and a regular Windows Pc. This connection mode allows both real-time display and editing of the current processor configuration.

This mode is useful whenever you need direct, complete equipment control connection (wi th «return channel») via the processor’s serial port 1.

Examples of typical applications:

- equipment configuration directly at the transmitting site, for example by means of a portable PC

(notebook)

- remote cont rol through one of the PCs already installed in the cont rol room or broadcasti ng room (on

condition that the connection serial cabl e is not more than 20 meters long).

; it requires a two-way serial

Typically, a DB-9 male to DB-9 female serial cable is required (a suitable 3 mt cable comes with the equipment).

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22.3 MONO-DIRECTIONAL MODE (REMOTE)

SERIAL 2

given Target & Group name

UNIDIRECTIONAL CONNECTION

(SATELLITE, RADIO LINK, STL , ISDN, ETC)

ENG

PC CONTROL SOFTWARE

The picture shows the mono direc tional con ne c tion mode, which does not involve any return channel. It is possible to se nd commands to the equipment fr om r emote si tes, but does not allow either r emote monit ori ng of the machine, nor confirmation of control reception.

The typical application is centraliz ed control – via satellit e sit es.

To enable MONODIRECT IONAL process or control, You need to assign a spec ific nam e to every piece of equipment (Target name) and to assemble them into groups (Group name, i.e. corresponding to a region) , so as to enable selective programming.

– of equipment install ed at different transmitting

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ENG

22.4 INSTALLATION

A) Using standard Windows procedures, access the PC REMOTE SOFTWARE folder and run the SETUP.EXE file under the Microsoft Windows

B) The instal l program installs Pc rem ote Control applic ation ont o the comput er's hard disk. T he instal lation screen will also suggest a destination directory for the software. If You have a reason to specify another director y for installation, use the Browse button or ty pe an alternative path.

C) Click to Install and Next to complete install ation. This takes only a few seconds. When the software is successfully installed, Finish message will appear at the bottom of the installing box. Click Close to close the installation screen.

D) Standard Windows procedure s can be used to create a shortcut to the program on the deskt op.

it is advised to compl et ely unin st all possible existing older version s before running the new one.

To uninstall the exi si ting Pc control software, proceed as f ollows:

- enter the Windows «Control Panel»

- click on the « Install Applicati ons » icon

- choose the item of current version fr om the list and sel ect it

- click on the «Add/Remove» button

- conf irm deletion of all proposed files

- run t he new Rem ote Control program starting from t he 'Progr ams' Menu of the Start button on Yr Pc

’95, ’98, ME, 2000, NT and XP operating system.

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ENG

22.5 SOFTWARE SETUP

Run the program. If it is unabl e to immediately establish an bidir ec tional connection with the proc essor, (as indicated by the display message ‘Remote data not Available’), a screen such as the following will appear :

Click the ‘Setup’ key, and the following screen will appear:

First of all, it is necessary to i ndic ate which com puter serial port is dedicat ed to the communi cation with t he encoder (COM 1, 2, 3 or 4).

Once a port is assigned, the software will automatically start attempting to connect to the encoder in bidirectional mode. Specifically:

If the serial por t is NOT physically pres ent on the co mputer, the m essage ‘Selected Serial port not available’ will appear

If the serial port selected is physically present on the comput er, but is not connected to the processor (or the processor is connected on serial 2, the one indicated as

‘satellite’) , the control pr ogr am will display ‘MonoDirectional Link Mode’. This means that the program will use thi s port to unilater ally dispatch commands to t he processor as soon as they are entered by the oper ator.

If the serial por t selected on the comput er is present and is connect ed to the Seria l Port 1, the pr ogram will dis play the m essage ‘BiDirectional Link Mode’. At the same

time, the processor will display the message Remote PC Host in Control.

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NOTE: the program will aut om atically attempt the connection each time you run the SETUP screen.

ENG

It is now possible t o set up or modify some modes regarding the soft ware window display on the com puter screen, and comm unic ations between the computer and the processor.

- If selec ted, the opti on ‘Always On Top’ will always keep the cont rol progr am window in t he foreground of

the desktop.

- If selec ted, the opti on ‘High Rate’ al l ows you to select the higher ref resh speed ( 30 Hz) i n di splayi ng the

Vu Meter on the screen. Choose the def ault speed (10 Hz) if the higher speed does not all ow smooth display of the meters.

- If selec ted, the opt ion ‘Loc al mode ’ al lows you to ‘force’ a second c onnec ti on att empt by t he soft ware to

the processor. Pl ease note that this option is automaticall y selected by the software, and that manual intervention may only be necessary in certain rare instances.

22.6 LOAD, SAVE AND RESTORE FUNCTIONS

It is possible to sav e and immediately recall any configuration / setting of the processor using the Load, S av e and Restore keys present on the S etup screen.

The window shows some fil es pre-loaded. These are files regarding some of the most commonly used configurations:

- ByP ass_Mpx Test enables the ‘bypass’ processor setting

- Modulation_Reference_Tone enables the setting to generate the ‘Ref er ence Tone’

- Rds_AF_Method_A_Demo shows an example of sett ing the Alternative Frequency RDS per met hod A

- Rds_AF_Method_B_Demo shows an example of sett ing the Alternative Frequency RDS per met hod B

- Rds_Ps_Scr olling_Demo shows an example of setting up a scrolling PS message

- Rds_Sequenc e_Demo shows an example of setti ng up a standard PS m essage

22.7 LOADING AN EXISTING CONFIGURATION

- Cl ic k the Load key : it will open a window showing all the available configuration files. These files have

the extension apc (audio proc es s or c onfiguration).

- Select the desired file and click ‘open’.

- At this point, the software allows you to check the level of all parameters regarding t he c hosen

configuration, without allowing you to edit t hem (‘View only’ mode). To edit, exit the Setup window (by pressing OK in the l ower right) and access the single configuration windows.

- Onc e y ou ar e c ertain that the correct configuration has been chosen, you may possible load that

configuration into the processor via the ‘Send All’ button.

- If the configuration you are about to load is not the desired one, you may exit the procedure using the

‘Restore’ button (see below).

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ENG

22.8 SAVING THE CURRENT CONFIGURATION

Any operativ e configur ation of the processor (input gain, pilot level, RDS messages, enable status of RDS services, etc.) may be saved at any time. To do so, simply press the ‘Save’ button and indicate the name with which to save the configuration (for example, the operator’s name). Note that the preset (processing cu rve) broadcasting is not included in this saving operation.

22.9 THE ‘RESTORE’ FUNCTION

The ‘Restore’ func tion allows you to automatically reload the configuration present the last time the control program was closed. This is especially useful when you have inadv ertently changed certain

parameters or m ade c onfiguration mistakes. The ‘Restore’ procedure is

• Click the corresponding k ey and then ‘Ok’

• Make sure that the configuration to be loaded is the one desired

• Click the ‘Send All ’ butt on to reload the configuration into the processor m em or y .

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ENG

22.10 BI-DIRECTIONAL CONNECTION MODE

As explained earli er, this mode (avail able only on port 1 of t he processor) allows both the real time display and editing of all audio levels and current settings for all parameters used by the processor. Typical application: setting the processor directly at the transmitting site, using a notebook computer, or remote control from the broadc asting or control room, via serial cable.

Once the bidirectional connection has been established with the processor (see previous chapter), the following basic screen will appear:

It has a window wit h a yel l ow-green backgroun d qui te si mil ar to t hat of the f ront panel of t he processor. The serial port of the comput er being used and the cur rent connect ion mode are indi cated at the bot tom of the window.

The control software allows access to t he same para meters and funct ions also avail able from the machi ne control panel. Ther efore, for any clarification regar ding the nature and function thereof , see chapter 18.

- The three butt ons located al ongside the di splay allow you to edi t the proc essing curve: select the curv e

from among the 40 av ail abl e (also cal led P reset), using t he two arro ws, then co nf irm th e choi ce usin g

the rectangular button in the middle.

- The Edit * submenu contains all of the paramet ers and operations regarding setti ng a new processing

curve. To do so, sel ect the preset to be changed or from which t o begin from the ‘Get Pr eset’ window, change the compr essor threshold l evels using the cur sors for t he five frequenci es, and finally save the curve (vi a the ‘Sav e’ function) in one of the 10 locations set aside for the user. Note that whenever a preset is called up by means of the ‘Get Preset’ function, the characteristic parameters of that curve (threshold values of the f ive compressors, level and type of S uper bass, a s well as Density and Brilliance levels) are automatically displayed in the Edit window. Note: to broadcast the edited curve, select it using the two arrows at the top of the screen (along si de the display), then confirm by clicking on the rectangular butt on between the two arrows.

- The Output submenu includes, depending on the processor version, the controls for the functions:

Output Level, Pre- emphasis, Noise Gate, Output Mode, Power Limiter

- The Input submenu includes the c ontrols for the functions: AGC Mode, AGC Speed and AG C Level

- The MPX submenu includes the controls for the functions: Pilot Phase and Pilot Level

- The PlugIn submenu incl udes the controls for the opti onal functions available: RDS Level and Phase,

Stereo Enhancer Eff ect Level – Effect Band and Effect Depth, Digital Input O n or Off.

- The RDS submenu includes the progr am m ing windows for the RDS functions

NOTE: In each menu, any changes to the parameters may be saved by clicki ng the button ‘ok’, whil e cl ic ki ng ‘Cancel’ allows you to abandon the changes (or the submenu) without savi ng.

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ENG

22.11 THE ‘TARGET NAME AND GROUP NAME’ IDENTIFIERS

As explained in the introduction, in bidirectional connection mode processor with a specific identification code (called the ‘Target Name’), as well as a classification group, which is usef ul when you wish to selectiv ely program the processor f rom remote sites ov er a unidirecti onal connection (see next chapter

- To do so, open the submenu ‘Set up’ and enter the T arget Name and/or G roup Name (it is not essential

to assign both) in the spaces provided. Each word must be made up of a maximum of 8 characters (upper or lo wer case), without spaces. Be carefu l no t to assign the same Target name or the same Group name to two different devic es. Once you have fi nished entering i nformation, cli ck the ‘Change’ button

For exampl e, a national network could assi gn the Group Nam e fi eld to the regi on where the proce ssor is in operation, and give the Tar get name the nam e of the town ho sti ng the broadc asti ng si te, or the c it y cov ered by that site.

For example, suppose you have 3 processors in the Tuscany region (the first covers Lucca, the second Florence and t he third Pi sa) and 4 others in the Marc hes (Pesaro, A ncona, Urbino, M acerata). T he Target name and Group Nam e will be progr amm ed for the i ndivi dual mac hines as f ollows: Group n am e = Tuscany, Target Name = Lucca for the first processor, Group name = Tuscany, Target Name = Florence for the second processor, et c .

NOTE: the Target Name and Group Name windows at the top of the screen are disabled, since t hese acces s keys may be used for progr amming the processors only in unidirectional connection mode.

(local) it is possible to assign each

22.12 PROCESSOR PANEL LOCK FUNCT ION

The ‘Lock Remot e System’ opti on allows you to bl ock any access to t he proce ssor paramet ers via the f ront panel. Locking/unl ocking can onl y take pl ace via c ontrol sof tware, by enteri ng the pa ssword in the space prov ided in the Setup window. To activate t he lock function, t ype a password and then click on the corresponding butt on next to it (Loc k). You may remove the connecti on to the PC. To unlock the panel, type the same password, and then cli ck on Unlock. Note: the password m ay be c hanged dur ing each access.

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ENG

22.13 UNIDIRECTIONAL CONNECTION MODE

The unidirectional connection mode is used to control one or more processors from a remote site, for example over a satellite link.

In this case, i t will only be possibl e to send commands or new values for operating parameters one way, without the ability to check whether the change has taken plac e or the cur r ent stat us. A typical appli cation is cent ralized rem ote contr ol of processors instal led at a scattered array of transmi tting sit es.

As explained i n the previous paragraph dedicated t o bidirectional connections, t he software allows you to assign a specifi c name to each processor (Target Name) and to group the processors them selves together (for example, those correspon ding to a region).

To return to the ex am ple given in the paragraph on direct (local) processor programming ( 3 pr oc essors i n the Tuscany region and anot her 4 in the Marches):

- To selectively program

Target Name in the uni dir ec tional connection screen (the Gr oup Nam e is not necessary, since the Target Name already uniquely identifies a processor).

only the Lucca processor, sim ply type ‘Lucca’ into the space reserved for the

- To pr ogr am sel ec tively all (and only) the processors in T uscany, simply enter ‘Tuscany’ int o the space

reserved for the Group Name in the unidirectional connection screen (the Target Nam e is not nec essary)

- Finally, to prog ram all processors the same

the password ALL directly into the box for the Target Name or Group Name.

regardless of thei r geographical position, you may enter

Each processor ‘responds’ to the commands sent remotely (via the serial po rt 2) ONLY IF the Target Name and/or Group Name coincid e, or if the password ALL is present.

Page 78

THE PC CONTROL SOFTWARE (FM and ST versions)

Once the remote connec tion (on serial port 2 of the processor) has been established, the basic screen of the control soft ware will be as follows:

The submenus available are the same ones available with the bidirectional connection, thus:

- The t hree buttons located alongside the di splay allow you to edit the new broadcast processing curv e:

select the curv e from among t he 40 avail able, using the two ar rows, then conf irm the c hoice using the rectangular butt on in the middle.

The Edit submenu contains all of the parameters and operations regarding setting a new processing curve. Note that in this case it is NOT possible to use the Get Preset functi on to call up one of the existing c urves, but simpl y to set the v arious parameters of a new curv e (compressor thres hold lev els, Density and Bri lliance levels, l evel and type of S uper bass). Once this curv e has been set, it must be saved in one of the 10 l oc ations set a side for the user (through t he ‘Save As’ windo w at the l o wer left of the Edit screen), then the command sent to the processor (‘Save’ button in the lower right): the processor will automatically start using the new curve.

- The Output submenu includes the cont rols for the f unctions: Output Level, P re-emphasis, Noise Gat e,

Output Mode.

- The Input submenu includes the c ontrols for the functions: AGC Mode, AGC Speed and AG C Level

- The MPX submenu includes the controls for the functions: Pilot Phase and Pilot Level

- The PlugIn submenu incl udes the controls for the opti onal functions available: RDS Level and Phase,

Stereo Enhancer Eff ect Level – Effect Band and Effect Depth, Digital Input O n or Off.

- The RDS submenu includes the progr am m ing windows for the RDS functions

NOTE: In each menu, any changes to the parameters may be saved by clicking the ‘Send’ button, while clicking ‘Cancel’ allows you to abandon the changes (or t he submenu) without saving.

Note that, while receiv ing a relevant data packet Remote PC Host in Control.

, the processor display momentarily shows the message

ENG

Page 79

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23 USING THE RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

The processor inc ludes, as an option, a complete RDS encoder, pr ogrammable by a PC connected to its Serial Port 1 (bidi rectional) or Seri al 2 (monodirectional). This allows you to install encoder s throughout the network, including local stations, and set them using a ‘master’ PC.

The RDS upgrade proc edure, if the RDS plug-in is not already present in y our processor, is explained i n one of the next chapters.

The RDS section contr ols (f or RDS messages and other servic es) are accessibl e onl y via the remot e control software supplied with your processor. P lease refer to the previous chapter for installation & setup procedur e instructions for this software.

23.1 MAIN SCREEN

Once the program has been launched, access the RDS section by clicking the ‘MA IN’ button on the right: This will open t he mai n screen, where you can set t he main parameters of the RDS service.

Once you have finished l oading one or more fields, click Send to enable one or more parameter changes or click Cancel to quit without sav e the changes.

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Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

23.2 RDS SERVICES - QUICK SUMMARY

PI The PI code consists of four hexadecimal digits

the program is transmitted, the second digit identifies the type of broadcaster based on coverage area. Finally, the ‘Ref’ window must contain a number between 1 and 255 (normally assigned by the authorities). Select the most appropriate item from the corresponding window: the program will automatic all y pr ov ide the corresponding hexadecimal digit. If the complete code is already known, t y pe it directly into the Code field.

PTY

this pull -down menu allows you to set the t ype of broadcast program ming (i.e., News, Sports, Roc k, Pop, etc.). It is used to enable the receiver to automatically search for the desired type of program.

this pull-down m enu allows you to set the kind of modulation (Stereo, Mono, etc). Stereo modulation i s assigned to STEREO , STATIC PTY, while mono is MONO, STATIC PTY

M/S

It is a status signal (flag) indicati ng whether the broadcast is music or speech, to adjust the bal ance or volume settings appropri ately on speciall y designed receivers. ‘Di sabled’ indic ates that speech is at pr esent being br oadcast and ‘enabled’ indi cates that music is at present being broadcast.

It is a status signal (Flag) identifying those broadcasters who periodically schedule traffic-related reports or programs. To permanently disable this function, select ENABLED or DISABLED from the pull-down menu.

TA Traffic Announcement identification i s an on/off switchi ng signal to i ndicate

when a traffi c announcement is on air. The T A TEST button serv es a purely testing function. It is also possible to tie the TA switch to a proper

external command supp lied via the OPTO INPUT interface, avail able as an option (see next Sectio n).

RT Radio Text: a func tion addressed only to c onsumer home receiv ers capable

of displaying cyclical To enter RadioT exts, type t he new message (64 char m ax) into the field. To delete a text or modif y it, use regul ar Windows text editing tools.

If no RT broadcast is wanted, l eave bl ank the RT field

message up to 64 characters in length, including spaces.

(see ‘Code’ field) . The first identifies the country where

enable or

ENG

Page 81

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

INPUT

SPLIT

+5V

165

ENG

23.3 TA REMOTE CONTROL TROUGH OPTO INTERFACE

The TA fl ag may be act ivated through a dedicated i nput on the OPTO I NTERFACE port (the interf ace is available as an option).

The OPTO-INPUT Port is a 9-pin female Interface (on DB-9 connector) which provides 2 optoi nsulated “tr igger” input s: one for SPLIT mode activ ation and one for TA flag switching.

Once enabled, TA input activation will cause WARNING LED on Front Panel to light.

The following table displays internal connecti on of Digital Port.

Cathode of photocoupler SPLIT input

Anode of photocoupl er SPLIT input

2 3 + 5 V via 470 Ohm resistor OUT

Anode of photocoupl er TA input

Cathode of photocoupler TA input

Pins 6, 7, 8, 9 are linked toget her and pr ov ide an insulated GND connection. A current-limi ted + Vdc source is available on pin 3 (+ 5 V via 470 Ohm resistor). The TA flag may ba activated either by a TTL command or a CLEAN CONTACT

EXAMPLE N° 1 – TA activation by TTL command

DESCRIPTION DIRECTION

IN IN

PIN DESCRIPTION DIRECTION

6 GND / 7 GND /

8 GND / IN IN

9 GND /

EXTERNAL

TTL COMMAND

470 OHM

GND

OPTO

(connector internal view)

external TT L signal m ust be applied through a 470 Ohm

carbon resistor to the TA

photodiode (pi ns 1 and 2). Max current allowed: 10 mA. Nominal: 5 mA

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Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

INPUT

SPLIT

+5V

EXAMPLE N° 2 – TA activation by clean contact

ENG

OPTO

(connector internal view)

The external switch ( cl ean c ontact) is used to shortcut pin 3 and 4 (wit h pin 5 and 9 tied together )

Page 83

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.4 PS (PROGRAM SERVICE NAME) PANEL

Click the PS button to access the main PS message panel (Program Service Name). All mobile and f ixed receivers display this message.

The PS panel allow s to transmit singl e PS messages, PS sequences as wel l as PS Scrolling messages.

Page 84

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.5 SINGL E PS OR PS SEQUENCES

The Program Service Panel all ows You to easily create and broadcast sequenc es composed by up to 32 PS Names, of 8 charact er s each. .

EXAMPLE 1

accordingly to the settings as in the picture here closed the PS sequence will be: RADIO / LONDON / INTERNTL / RADIO / LONDON / INTERNTL / etc.

The digit close to each PS is the time, each PS will last on the receiver display. F.i., the three words RADIO LONDON INTERNTL on the picture wi ll last 3 seconds each.

NOTE: the time needed for a receiver to properly receive and display a message is depend ent upon numbers of characters in the message, the reception conditions at the receiver, the overall number of groups carried out by RDS signal and software implementation of PS feature.It is t her efore advisable a minimum rate factor of around 3 seconds.

EXAMPLE 2

Accordingly to the settings in the picture here eabove, the processor will transmit 1 fixed PS (R.FOUR), displayed at all time.

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Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.6 PS IN SCROLLING MODE

Alternativ ely to PS Sequences or fix ed PS message, the PS panel all ows You to enter one P S message which will scroll on the receiver display. It means, text is moved right to left across the display one OR MORE characterS at a time at the rate set by the user (TIME). The max lenght of scroll ing word is 32 characters. .

To transmit scrolling messages:

1) type the text to be scrolled directly into the field at the bott om (PS Scrolling). Send a ‘space’ character

at the end of the text.

2) select the display time for each step

3) select the shift step. 1 means 1 character at a time, 2 means two characters at a time, etc.

4) click the Generate button: the PS message fields at the top will automatically be filled in with trunc ated words, to give the illusion of the text scrolling cycli c ally to the left acr oss the rec eiver display.

The ‘Clean All’ button automatically cancels all m essage boxes. When you have finished loading the message, click Send to enable the changes or Cancel to qui t wit hout

saving.

Page 86

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.7 HINTS AND TIPS ABOUT DYNAMIC PS MODE

When programmi ng PS dur ati ons in Dynam i c m ode, two ‘gol d’ rul e s shoul d be tak en i nt o account . T hey are related to the ‘physics’ of RDS channels and are completely i ndependent from RDS encoder architecture.

Drivers CAN NOT look at messages displayed on their radio cars longer than a few seconds. LONG PS

SEQUENCES are therefore not only be distracting car driv er but t hey ar e simply.... not read!

Furthermor e, they affect the quali ty of RDS broadcasting ov erall, as the Radi o Station def ault Name refr esh could be not frequent enough. PS scrolling lenght has been thus intentionally limited to 32 ch ar acters, as that l enght is largely suitable for a large set of meaningful messages. Message synthesis... means quality in Dynamic RDS broadcasting

WARNING: if the PS is constantly changed (as in the PS Scrolling mode), it is possible that some receivers will display a mi x ture of old and new PS message on the same display. In some cases, no PS will be displayed at all. This may occurs as message byte group order is not univocally recommended by the CENELEC RDS standard and strictly depends on the coder/decoder physi cal implement ation. Neither t he RDS encoder in the pr ocessor nor the car receiver are faulty. In case of PS Scrolling selection, we therefore suggest to choose l ow di spl ay speeds. PS scrolling and PS Sequence mode are against the broadcast regulations of

most countries: ref er t o approp riate ‘governing body’ for further inf ormation.

The encoder’s manuf ac turer can not be held responsible for uncor r ec t PS use!

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Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.8 ALTERNATIVE FREQUENCIES LIST

The list(s) of alternative frequencies giv e information on the various tr ansmitter s broadcasting the sam e programme in t he same or adjac ent rec epti on areas, and enabl e rec eiv er s equipped with a m em ory to store the list(s), to reduce the time for switching t o another transmitter. This facility is particularly useful in the case of car and portable r adios.

The alternative frequencies (AF ) list can be transmitted following two methods: A Method and B Method (see next page). In both methods the alternative frequencies lists must contain only the frequencies of the adjacent transmitters and repeaters with overlapped t r ansmit ting areas.

To compile the AF lists use the following proc edur e:

- Choose one of the 8 lists ( from AF1 to AF8)

- Select the AF from the available frequenci es in the left window and drag & drop it into the AF list

- To r em ov e a frequenc y from the list follow the procedure drag & drop to move to ‘recycle bin’ or cancel them by pressing on the ‘Cancel’ button.

A second loading proc edur e

- Click the label of the AF List to be filled (f.i., click AF2 label): it will turn red

- Doubl e c lick the frequencies listed on the l eft window: selected frequencies will be automatically loaded

into the highlighted list.

Lists containing at least one AF are shown in blu color.

is provided:

Page 88

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

ENG

23.9 AF METHODS A AND B

There are two ways to transmit lists of alternative frequencies: Method A and Method B. In both cases the l i sts should i ncl ude onl y those f requenci es f or the nearest tr ansmi t ters and repeat ers (wi th overlapping coverage areas).

Generally speaki ng, Method A is used when the list contai ns no more than 25 frequencies, and Met hod B when the list is longer (for a maximum of 24 lists).

Method B is recommended when splitting areas or when different pr ogr ams are broadcast. NOTE: use of encoding m ethod A or B is not ex plicitl y assigned by a dedic ated si gnal t o the receiver , as the

latter is capabl e of i dentifying which m ethod is used by anal yzi ng the transmitt ed data struct ure (whether or not they are organiz ed in pairs).

METHOD A

Compile the AF1 list assigning the tuning frequency (i.e. the frequency carrying the list of alternative frequencies) in the first position transmitting exactly the same program

We recommend recording the alternative frequencies (those of adjacent transmitters and repeaters with overlapping c ov erage areas) on each t ran smi tter , bei ng caref ul that the f i rst posit i on indic ates the f r equency carrying the list of alternative frequencies.

, and then continue in strictly inc r easi ng or der with the alternative frequencies

For example, in t he situation shown in the figur e three transmitters (B, D, E ) intersect only in two coverage areas: between B and D, and between D and E. The following lists should be loaded in each transmitter:

Tx B lists

(tuning frequency: f Tx B)

Tx D lists

(tuning frequency: f Tx D)

Tx E lists

(tuning frequency: f Tx E)

AF1 AF2

f Tx B f Tx D f Tx D f Tx B

AF1 AF2 AF3

f Tx D f Tx B f Tx E f Tx B f Tx D f Tx D f Tx E

AF1 AF2

f Tx E f Tx D f Tx D f Tx E

Note that the frequency of transmitter C is not included in t he list , sinc e the latter’ s coverage area do es not overlap w i th th at of tra nsmitter A

Coverage area D partially overlaps that of both

transmitters B and E, and thus it is recommended to

load the lists for both adjacent transmitters. Be careful

to list all frequencies above the tuning frequency in

ascending order.

Not e that t he frequency of transmit ter B has not been

included in the list, since its coverage area does not

overlap w i th th at of tra nsmitter E.

Page 89

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

METHOD B

As mentioned earlier, Method B is used with high numbers of alternative frequencies and/or when the transmitter also has frequencies that br oadc ast different radio pr ogr am at various times of day (splitt ing, local programming, etc.).

In the latter instance, the m obile receiver should check whether the AF is broadcasting the same content before selecting another frequency.

Each list begins wit h the tuning frequency (f or which the list is valid) and then contains up to 12 pairs of frequencies in sequence, each containing t he tuning frequenc y and an alter nate. If there are m ore than 12 possible alternative frequencies, the li st c ontinues in other lists in the same manner.

The order of the frequencies in each pair follow the rules below:

- If the order is increasing, the alternative frequency broadcasts the same programming as the tuning frequency.

- If the order is decreasing, the two frequencies have different programming.

ENG

Returning to t he exam ple of t ransmitt ers B, D and E i n the prev ious paragraph ( in whic h the cov er age areas of D and E do not ov erlap), t wo more lists will be as signed to transmi tter B, sorted acc ording to the abov e criteri a to take int o ac c ount any different programming by some of the AFs.

AF1 AF2

Tx B

(tuning frequency: f Tx B)

The AF lists for the other transmitter s are compiled according t o the same criteria, alt ernating the frequenc y pairs. NOTE: if the same tuning frequency is used by more than one transmitt er wi thin the same network, the corresponding AF lists must not be consecutive (for instance AF 1 and AF 2). Lists for different tuning frequencies must be placed between them.

f Tx B f Tx D f Tx B f Tx D f Tx D f Tx B

Notice that the tuning frequency f Tx B is repeated twice in list 1: in the first position, then paired with f Tx D. Tx B broadcasts the same program as D if f Tx B < f Tx D, and different programs if f Tx B > f Tx D.

Page 90

Using the RDS SECTION (FM version ONLY)

Rela y

ENG

23.10 HOW TO GET IT

The RDS option coul d be pre-install ed i n the factory if notifi ed when orderi ng the uni t or it can be install ed at the customer’ premise after receiving it.

In the latter case, the RDS

unit firmware's serial number.

RDS option will be released onl y upon recep t ion of firmware code and S-N!

Please proceed as follows:

1) Make sure your processor is alr eady fitted with MPX option

Check the equipment r ear panel: it must feature Bnc connectors, as in the following picture:





Note down the unit’s firmwa re code

The Firmware Code is an al phanum er ic st ri ng, composed by 13 figures (f.i. M0961NR4M00AE ) . It is shown at t he ‘F irmware Code’ m enu page on the front panel display . You can reach it from the default screen:

DEFAULT SCREEN (CURRENT ON AIR PRESET, BARGRAPHS, ETC)

software must be activated with a proper Activation Key, uniquely determined by your

Serial RS-232

Digital Input

Opto Input

MPX

Out

MPX

Out



Test



Output

R L R

AUX1-NTW AUX 2-RDS

132 132132 132132

InputOutput

OPTIONAL CONTROLS

FIRMWARE CODE

page

2) note down the equipment serial number (S-N)

The actual equipm ent Serial Number (4 figure alphanumeri c code) is indicated on the silver label stuck on the right side of the equipment closure.

3) Supply the firmware code and the S-N to the manufacturer

The manufacturer will return a special Activation Software Key. Please follow instructions on the Chapter ‘Fi r mwar e Upgrade’ for furt her steps.

____________________

NOTE: When the RDS option is not installed, the processor still allows to broadcast a demo version (RDS Demo), which supports all the services of the full version but which is not user-programmable**. When enabled, RDS programming is achieved through the Pc control software which comes with the unit.

** when entering the OPTIO NAL CONTROLS / RDS MODULE / RDS LEVEL menu, the message ‘RDS DEMO’ is displayed.

Page 91

FIRMWARE UPGRADE

ENG

24 FIRMWARE UPGRADE

The processor come s fro m the f actory w it h the most recen t fi rmware i nstall ed j ust p rio r to shi pping. When required, the firmware can be updated with the latest available version using standard Windows procedures.

After an initialization of the device (firmware upgrade), all user presets and adjustments are erased and/or overwritten by the new factory setup! Please make a note of Yr current, customized software presets before proceeding with the firmware upgrade.

In order to upgrade the proc essor, please follow this procedure:

When upgrading the firmware, do not forget to install the new associat ed software version of PC remote control. There is a direct correspondence between the firmware and software versions. For example, the rel. 2.8 of Pc software requires the firmware version 2.8 installed on the processor and viceversa. As general rule, software v ersion X.Y.Z runs with firmware version X.Y.

MAKING THE PROCESSOR READ Y FOR UPGRADING

A) shut off the unit B) remove the equipment cover and the guarantee labels C) set the jumpers JP1, JP2 and JP3 of t he IperDasp board (right hand board), and CN5 and CN6 of the

I/O MPX board (left hand board) to their ON / PRO G position. Jumpers are located on the board f r ont sides, toward the processor’s front panel.

NOTE: Some motherboard s could present 4 programming Jumpers (JP1, JP2, CN5, CN6) instead o f 5 D) Connect the SERIA L port 1

with processor turned off

. A regular (i.e. not crossed) 9 pol e serial RS 232 cable is required.

to that of the Host PC. Please insert (or remove) the seri al connect or only

Page 92

FIRMWARE UPGRADE

ENG

E) Turn the processor on.

) RUNNING THE UPGRADE FILES ON THE PC

G) Close all opened applications on the PC. H) Using standard Windows procedures, acces s t he FW UPGRA DE folder

I) Double click the file associat ed t o the desired upgrade:

FM version

- DAP_Vxy_STDM if Yr processor feat ur es analog, bi-channel audio output (no M P X output)

- DAP_Vxy_STDM if Yr processor feat ur es Stereo Coder ( M px output) without RDS coder

- DAP_Vxy_STD_RDS if Yr processor f eatures Stereo Coder (Mpx) with RDS coder

NB to make sure of current version of Yr FIRMWARE, please enter the Firmware Version pag e from the menu root. If Yr proces sor already f eatures RDS coder built-in, the v ersion will be display ed as Ver : xy STD- R.

ST version

- DAP_Vxy_STD_ST

Page 93

The following screen will be displayed:

J) Select t he PC serial port on the screen K) Click Request button.

FIRMWARE UPGRADE

ENG

L) Make sure the Identif ication is correctly done displayed i n the right field), and click ‘UpGrade’. T he upgrade will continue automatically. NOTE: t he upgrade processing must not be interrupted

M) Once you have completed the upgrade proc edur e, shut off N) Move the jumpers JP1, JP2, JP3, CN 5 and CN 6 back to their ‘normal operation’ position O) Turn t he pr oc essor on.

HOW TO UPGRADE FROM VERSION MPX ONLY TO MPX + RDS (FM version only)

A) Follow the pr oc edur e sugge sted at paragraph 1) and 2) up to Point G) B) Unzip the RDS key file supplied by the manufact ur er C) Make a cop y on Yr local HD dri ve of the Firmware_Upgrade folder provided on the CD ROM D) Copy (or move) it (unzipped E) Run the file DAP_Vxy_STD_RDS F) Follow points I) throughout N) described at Paragraph 2)

) into that Firmware_Upgrade folder

(Processor Identification passed message + firmware code

the equipment.

Page 94

FIRMWARE UPGRADE

ENG

With RDS option NOT instal led, the processor will display the message ‘RDS DEMO SIGNAL’ when accessing the Optional Controls/RDS Module/ RDS Level menu.

With the RDS option correctly installed, the processor will display the message ‘RDS SIGNAL’ when accessing the Optional Controls/RDS Module/RDS Level menu.

IN CASE OF FIRMWARE VERSIONS FORMER TO 2.0 (FM version only)

In case of firmware versi ons former to 2.0, it is necessary to install a 10 KOhm resistor, ¼ Watt, 5% on the processor mot her boar d before upgrading the firmware.

Please proceed as follows:

- shut off the processor and unplug the power cord.

- remove the equipment cover and the guarantee labels

- install a 10 KOhm resistor, 1/4 Watt, 5 % (type SMD or traditional) rows 20A and 20B next to the front panel connect or (IperDasp board – see Figure).

Once you have inserted t he r esi stor , continue with the firmware upgrade as described above.

Page 95

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - FM version

ENG

25 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - FM version

GENERAL FEATURES

Weight around 4.5 Kg AC Rate 230 Vac / 110 Vac - 50 / 60 Hz Dimensions 1 rack unit, 352 x 483 x 44 mm Power cons umpt. 40 Watt

ANALO G STERE O A U DI O I NPUT

Conversion 48 KHz / 24 bit Connector Type XLR el. bal. + optical Tos link Connector Type XLR female el. balanced Formats AES3/EBU, SPDIF (IEC-60958 TYPE II) Max Input Level + 22 dBu Sampling Rates 32 KHz / 44.1 KHz / 48 KHz / 96 KHz Nom inal Inp Le vel 0 dBu +- 6dBu Resolution 24 Bit Inp. Level Range - 20 dBu to 20 dBu Configuration automatic selection and jitter correction Impedance 600Ohm / 10KOhm EMI –suppressed Input Sensitivity 200 mVpp Dyn. Range 98 dB RMS (102 dB A weight) AGC Range 0 to – 20dBFs Gain O ffs et +/- 6 dB

ANALO G STERE O A U DI O O UTP UT

Conversion 24 bit Effect Depth 0 mSec to 30 mSec Connector Type XLR male el. balanced Effect Band 3KHz / 5KHz / 8KHz to 15KHz Configuration Flat or 50 / 75uS Preemphasized. Effect Leve l: - 29dBu to -6dBu

Level Range - 4 dBu to 20 dBu (1 dB step) Load Impedance 600Ohm AGC Speed 0 to 6 dB / sec (adjustabl e - 0.2 dB step)

Source Imped. 50Ohm EMI – suppressed AGC Range -20 dB to 20 dB Dyn. Range 98 dB RMS (104 dB A weight) AGC Hold time Selectable, from 0 to 3 sec Distortion 0.005% THD, de-emphasized AGC Max Gain Selectable 8, 10, 12, 15 or 20 dB S/N > 90 dB, de-emphasized Crosstalk > 70 dB Serial Ports 2 RS232 SubD 9P optically decoupled Channel separ. > 70 dB (30 Hz - 15 KHz) Satellite Port 4800 baud Tone generation 400 Hz, Ref 100% Modulation PC Host Port 19200 baud

D/A conversion

BY-PASS M O DE

Frequency Resp. 30 Hz-15 KHz (+/- 0.1 dB) High Pass 3 0 Hz (I IR-4th Order) Output Noise -90 dB (A-weighted) Low Pass

THD 0.005 % In/Out delay < 1.5 mSec PassBand Ripple + / - 0.01 dB THD + Noise -91 dB

PROCESS

Preset curves 30 Mid1 Band Atk: 100ms, Rel: 200ms User edit. curves 10 Mid2 Band Atk: 40ms, Rel: 150ms Bands 5 (Bass, Mid1, Mid2, Mid3, High) M i d3 Band Atk: 30ms, Rel: 120ms Bass Band At k: 300ms, Rel: 600ms Hi gh Band Atk: 20ms, Rel: 100ms

SIGNAL PROCESS FILTERS

Sampling rate 32 kHz to 96 kHz Super Bass Type Low Band filter Mid 1 Band filter Mid2 Band Filter Mid 3 Band filter High Band filter

Bass Enhancer Programmable High Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) HF Limiter Filter IIR 2nd, 6KHz Wide Density 0 to+12dB High Freq Denoiser

Crystal Semiconductor CS4224 48KHz / 24 bit Sigma Delta

Analogic Input, AGC Off, Gain Offset 0dB, Out Level 0dBu

Band Pass 30Hz-200Hz (IIR 4th OrderButterworth) Band Pass 200Hz-1.5Khz (IIR 4th Order-Butterworth) Band Pass 1.5Khz-4.8Khz (IIR 4th Order-Butterworth) Band Pass 4.8Khz-9.5Khz (IIR 4th Order-Butterworth) Band Pass 9.5Khz-15KHz (IIR 4th Order-Butterworth)

Threshold Adjustable –51 to -80 dB Brilliance +/- 6 dB

DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT

(optional)

STEREO ENHANCER MODULE

AGC OPER AT IO N

REMOTE CO NT ROL

INPUT FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

15 KHz (FIR-84 Taps, 15 KHz / -0.1dB, 17 KHz / -70dB)

OUTPUT FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

Low Pass

15 KHz (FIR-90 Taps, 15 KHz / -0.1dB, 17 KHz / -80dB)

USER CONT R OLS

Disco Soft Bass, Club Long Bass, Tight Hard Bass

Super Bass Level 0 to +12dB Bass Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) Mid1 Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) Mid2 Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) Mid3 Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step)

Page 96

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - FM version

ENG

MPX OUTPUT

Configuration 2 BNC floating over chassis, EMI supp.

Level control Recessed trimm er 38 kHz suppr. >= 70 dB (referenced to 100% mod.) D/A Conversion Bur r Br o wn PCM56, 16-bit 57 KHz protection 40dB @ 56Khz Pilot Fr eque ncy 19 KHz ± 2 Hz Pilot protection: -55 dB relative to 10% pilot inj, ± 1 kHz. Pilot Injection –17. 25 to –23 dB (0.25 dB step) Source impedance 10 Ohm Pilot Phase Adjustable +/- 6 degrees (0.5 dB step) Load Imped. 600 Ohm or greater S/N >90 dB Stereo Separ. 65 dB Typical on the whole band Cable length RG58 30 meters Distortion < 0.1 % @ 1Khz Pilot ref. output TTL Level Wave on Bnc connector

AUX INPUTS

Connector Type floating BNC, EMI suppressed Impedance 10KOhm Input Level - 40 to 0 dBm Purpose Wideband, SCA & RDS inputs

RDS CO DER

Standard EBU coding methods PS, PI, TP, TA, M/S, RT, PTY, DI, AF (8 lists) Custom coding methods PS Sequence (up to 8 messages), PS Scrolling (up to 32 characters) RDS subcarrier freq. 57 kHz +/- 3 Hz RDS output level Ad justable from 0.25 to 6 KHz (0.25 K H z step) RDS phase Adjustable – 10 to + 10 Deg (1 Deg step) Synchronization To internal 19Khz pilot tone

+ 1 ou tput for measurement or test

(1 and 2)

Preemphasis 50 / 75 usec

MPX out level

Max Load Capac.

-40 to + 12 dBm

5 nF

OPTIONAL FEATURES

DG-IN Digital audio input (optical and coaxial) MPX Digital, built-in stereo coder RDS Digital, built-in Radi o Data System encoder TA Interface for Remote TA control

SPLIT SW Remote control software

MPX spli function. The SPLIT function allows the processor output MPX1 to toggle between an external signal applied to AUX 1 input and the MPX signal internally generated.

Page 97

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - ST version

ENG

26 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS - ST version

GENERAL FEATURES

Weight around 4.5 Kg AC Rate 230 Vac / 110 Vac - 50 / 60 Hz Dimensions 1 rack unit, 352 x 483 x 44 mm Power cons umpt. 40 Watt

ANALO G STERE O A U DI O I NPUT

Conversion 4 8 KHz, 24 bit Connect or Type XLR el. bal. + optical Tos link Connector Type XLR female el. balanced Formats AES3/EBU, SPDIF (IEC-60958 TYPE II) Max Input Level + 22 dBu Sampling Rates 32 KHz / 44.1 KHz / 48 KHz / 96 KHz Nom inal Inp Le vel 0 dBu +/- 6dBu Resolution 24 bit Inp. Level Range - 20 dB to 20 dB Configuration automatic selection and jitter correction Impedance 600Ohm / 10KOhm EMI –suppressed Input Sensitivity 200 mVpp Dyn. Range 98 dB RMS (102 dB A weight) AGC Range 0 to – 20dBFs Gain O ffs et +/- 6 dB

ANALO G STERE O A U DI O O UTP UT

Conversion 24 bit Power Limiting According to ITU-R 412 Connector Type XLR male el. balanced D/A conversion

Configuration Flat or 50 / 75uS Preemphasized. Level Range 0 dBu to 15 dBu (0.5 dB step) Connector Type XLR male el. bal. + optical Tos link

Load Impedance 600Ohm Formats AES3/EBU, SPDIF Source Imped. 50Ohm EMI – suppressed Dyn. Range 98 dB RMS (104 dB A weight) Distortion 0.005% THD, de-emphasized Word lenght 24 bit S/N > 90 dB, de-emphasized Impedance 110 Ohm

Crosstalk > 70 dB Level Channel separ. > 70 dB (30 Hz - 15 KHz)

Tone generation 400 Hz, Ref 100% Modulation

STEREO ENHANCER MODULE

Effect Depth 0 mSec to 30 mSec AGC Speed 0 t o 6 dB/sec (adj ustable - 0.2 dB step) Effect Band 3KHz / 5KHz / 8KHz to 15KHz AGC Range -20 dB to 20 dB Effect L e v el: -29dBu to -6dBu AGC Hold time Selectable, from 0 to 3 sec

REMOTE CO NT ROL

Serial Ports 2 RS232 SubD 9P optically decoupled Satellite Port 4800 baud PC Host Port 19200 baud

BY-PASS M O DE

Frequency Resp. 30 Hz-15 KHz (+/- 0.1 dB) High Pass 3 0 Hz (I IR-4th Order) Output Noise -90 dB (A-weighted) Low Pass

THD 0.005 % In/Out delay < 1.5 mSec PassBand Ripple + / - 0.01 dB THD + Noise -91 dB

PROCESS

Preset curves 30 Mid1 Band Atk: 100ms, Rel: 200ms User edit. curves 10 Mid2 Band Atk: 40ms, Rel: 150ms AGC bands 1 Mid3 Band At k: 30ms, Rel: 120ms Bands 5 (Bass, Mid1, Mid2, Mid3, High) High Band Atk: 20ms, Rel: 100ms Bass Band At k: 300ms, Rel: 600ms

Analogic Input, AGC Off, Gain Offset 0dB, Out Level 0dBu

DIGITAL AUDIO INPUT

(optional)

Crystal Semiconductor CS4224 48KHz / 24 bit Sigma Delta

DIGITAL AU D IO OUTP UT

Sampling Rate 48 KHz

0 dBFs corresponding to 100% modulation (not adjustable)

(optional)

AGC OPER AT IO N

AGC Max Gain Selectable 8, 10, 12, 15 or 20 dB

INPUT FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

15 KHz (FIR-84 Taps, 15 KHz / -0.1dB, 17 KHz / -70dB)

OUTPUT FILTER CHARACTERISTICS

Low Pass

15 KHz (FIR-90 Taps, 15 KHz / -0.1dB, 17 KHz / -80dB)

Page 98

WARRANTY

SIGNAL PROCESS FILTERS USER CONTROLS

Sampling rate 32 kHz to 96 kHz Super Bass Type Low Band filter Mid 1 Band filter Mid2 Band Filter Mid 3 Band filter High Band filter

Bass Enhancer Programmable High Thr Level Adj.– 6 to + 6 dB (0.5 dB step) HF Limiter Filter IIR 2nd, 6KHz Wide Density 0 to +12dB High Freq Denoiser

Threshold Adjustable –51 to -80 dB Brilliance +/- 6 dB

OPTIONAL FEATURES

DG-IN Digital audio input (optical and coaxial) – AES/EBU + S/PDIF DG-OUT Digital audio output (optical and coaxial) – AES/EBU + S/PDIF SW Remote control soft wa re

Disco Soft Bass, Club Long Bass, Tight Hard Bass

ENG

27 WARRANTY

The manufacturer offers a 1-year ex works warranty. Do not open the equipment. The warrant y shal l be voided if any of the warranty seals are broken. The manufacturer shall not be liable for damage of any kind deriving from or in relation to incorrect use of the product.

Page 99

Axel Falcon 35, Falcon 35 FM, Falcon 35 ST Operating Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual