Avaya Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization User Manual
BayRS Version 14.00
Part No. 308645-14.00 Rev 00
September 1999
4401 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Copyright © 1999 Nortel Networks
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308645-14.00 Rev 00
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308645-14.00 Rev 00
Contents
Preface
Before You Begin ............................................................................................................. xv
Text Conventions .............................................................................................................xvi
Acronyms ........................... .......................... .......................... ......................... ................xvii
Hard-Copy Technical Manuals ........ ...... ............................................. ....... ...... ................. xx
How to Get Help .............................................................................................................. xx
Chapter 1
Using Traffic Filters
What Are Traffic Filters? .................................................................................................1-1
Inbound Traffic Filters ...............................................................................................1-2
Outbound Traffic Filters ............................................................................................1-3
What Is Protocol Prioritization? ......................................................................................1-3
Filtering Strategies ...... ....... ............................................. ....... ...... ...................................1-4
Direct Traffic .............................................................................................................1-4
Drop or Accept Traffic ...............................................................................................1-4
Prioritize Traffic .........................................................................................................1-4
Combine Filters ........................................................................................................1-5
Build a Firewall .........................................................................................................1-5
Traffic Filter Components ................................................................................................1-6
Criteria .....................................................................................................................1-6
Predefined and User-Defined Criteria ...............................................................1-7
Ranges .............................. ................................. ................................ .................... 1 -11
Actions ...................................................................................................................1-11
Using Filter Templates ..................................................................................................1-13
Summary of Traffic Filter Support .................................................................................1-14
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Chapter 2
Using Protocol Prioritization Queues
About Protocol Priorit izati on ........................................... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...2-1
Priority Queuing .......................................................................................................2-2
The Dequeuing Process ...........................................................................................2-3
Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm .........................................................................2-4
Strict Dequeuing Algorithm ................................................................................2-7
Enabling Protocol Prioritization .......................................................................................2-9
Enabling Protocol Prioritization on an ATM Circuit .......................................................2-10
Tuning Protocol Prioritization ........................................................................................2-11
Tuning Concepts ....................................................................................................2-11
Percent of Bandwidth .......................................................................................2-11
Queue Size ......................................................................................................2-12
Latency ............................................................................................................2-14
Editing Protocol Prioritization Parameters ..............................................................2-15
Monitoring Protocol Prioritization Statistics ............................................................2-16
Chapter 3
Inbound Traffic Filter Criteria and Actions
Transparent Bridge Criteria and Actions .........................................................................3-2
Predefined Transparent Bridge Criteria ....................................................................3-3
User-Defined Transparent Bridge Criteria ................................................................3-4
Transparent Bridge Actions ......................................................................................3-4
Source Route Bridging Criteria and Actions ...................................................................3-5
Predefined SRB Criteria ...........................................................................................3-5
Specifying an SRB Criterion Range ..................................................................3-5
User-Defined SRB Criteri a .............................................. ...... ...................................3-6
SRB Actions .............................................................................................................3-6
DECnet Phase IV Criteria and Actions ...........................................................................3-7
Predefined DECnet Criteria .....................................................................................3-7
User-Defined DECnet Criteria ............................................................ ...... ....... ......... 3-7
DECnet Actions .............................. ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... .........................................3-7
DLSw Criteria and Actions .............................................................................................3-8
Predefined DLSw Criteria ........................................................................................3-8
User-Defined DLSw Criteri a ............................... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ................3-8
DLSw Actions ...........................................................................................................3-8
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IP Criteria and Actions ....................................................................................................3-9
Predefined IP Criteria ...............................................................................................3-9
User-Defined IP Criter ia .... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... .........................................3-9
IP Actions . ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ............................................. ...... ....... .......3-1 0
IPX Criteria and Actio ns ................. ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ............................................. .3-1 1
Predefined IPX Criteria ..........................................................................................3-11
User-Defined IPX Criteri a ........................................................................ ....... ...... .3-12
IPX Actions .............................................................................................................3-12
LLC2 Criteria and Actions ............................................................................................3-12
Predefined LLC2 Criteria .......................................................................................3-12
User-Defined LLC2 Criteri a ................................ ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... .............. 3 -1 3
LLC2 Actions ..........................................................................................................3-13
OSI Criteria and Actions ...............................................................................................3-13
Predefined OSI Criteria ..........................................................................................3-13
User-Defined OSI Criter ia ........ ...... ....... ............................................. ...... ....... .......3-1 4
OSI Actions ............................................................................................................3-14
VINES Criteria and Actions ..........................................................................................3-14
Predefined VINES Criteria .....................................................................................3-14
User-Defined VINES Criteria ...................... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... .3-1 5
VINES Actions ........................................................................................................3-15
XNS Criteria and Actio ns ...................... ....... ...... ....... ............................................. ...... .3-1 5
Predefined XNS Criteria .........................................................................................3-15
User-Defined XNS Criteri a .............................................. ...... .................................3-16
XNS Actions ...........................................................................................................3-16
Chapter 4
Outbound Traffic Filter Criteria and Actions
Selecting Predefined Cr ite r ia ....................... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...................................4-2
Predefined Data Link Criteria ...................................................................................4-2
Predefined IP Criteria ...............................................................................................4-5
Specifying Criteria Common to IP and Data Link Headers ......................................4-6
Selecting User-Defined Cr iteria ............ ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... .............................4-7
Data Link Reference Points ......................................................................................4-7
IP Reference Points ....................... ....... ...... ............................................. ....... ...... ...4-9
Selecting Actions ................................................................... ...... ...... ...........................4-10
Filtering Actions .................................... ...... ............................................. ....... ...... .4-1 0
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Prioritizing Actions .................................................................................................4-11
Dial Service Actions ...............................................................................................4-11
Chapter 5
Specifying Common Criterion Ranges
Specifying MAC Address Ranges ...................................................................................5-2
SRB Source MAC Addresses ..................................................................................5-2
SRB Functional MAC Addresses .............................................................................5-3
Specifying VINES Address Ranges ................................................................................5-3
Specifying Source and Destination SAP Code Ranges .................................................5-4
Specifying Frame Relay NLPID Ranges .........................................................................5-5
Specifying PPP Protocol ID Ranges ...............................................................................5-5
Specifying TCP and UDP Port Ranges ..........................................................................5-6
Specifying Ethernet Type Ranges ..................................................................................5-7
Specifying IP Protocol ID and Type of Service Ranges ................................................5-10
Chapter 6
Applying Inbound Traffic Filters
Displaying the Inbound Traffic Filters Window ................................................................6-2
Preparing Inbound Traffic Filt er Tem plates ............................ ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...6-3
Creating a Template .................................................................................................6-4
Customizing Templates ............................................................................................6-6
Copying a Te mplate .... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... .........................................6-6
Editing a Template ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ............................................. ...... ...6-7
Creating an Inbound Traffic Filter ..................................................................................6-10
Editing an Inbound Traffic Filter ....................................................................................6-11
Enabling or Disabling an Inbound Traffic Filter .............................................................6-15
Deleting an Inbound Traffic Filter ..................................................................................6-16
Specifying User-Defined Criteria ..................................................................................6-17
Changing Inbound Traffic Filter Precedenc e ...... ....... ...... ............................................. .6-18
Chapter 7
Applying Outbound Traffic Filters
Displaying the Priority/Outbound Filters Window ...........................................................7-2
Preparing Outbound Traffic Filter Templates ..................................................................7-4
Creating a Template .................................................................................................7-4
Specifying Prioritization Length ................................................................................7-7
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Customizing Templates ............................................................................................7-9
Copying a Te mplate .... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... .........................................7-9
Editing a Template ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ............................................. ...... .7-1 0
Creating an Outbound Traffic Filter ...............................................................................7-13
Editing an Outbound Traffic Filter ................................................................................7-14
Enabling or Disabling an Outbound Traffic Filter ..........................................................7-18
Deleting an Outbound Traffic Filter ...............................................................................7-19
Specifying User-Defined Criteria ..................................................................................7-20
Changing Outbound Traffic Filter Precedence ..............................................................7-21
Chapter 8
Configuring IP Inbound
Traffic Filters Using the BCC
IP Inbound Traffic Filter Concepts and Terminology .......................................................8-2
IP Traffic Filter Templates ................................... ...... ............................................. ...8-2
IP Inbound Traffic Filters ..........................................................................................8-3
Filter Precedence .....................................................................................................8-4
Filter Criteria and Actions .........................................................................................8-5
IP Filtering Actions ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... .............................8-5
Extended and Nonextended Filtering Modes ...........................................................8-6
Creating an IP Traffic Filter Template ..............................................................................8-7
Creating an IP Inbound Traffic Filter ...............................................................................8-8
Specifying Match Criteria for IP Inbound Traffic Filters and Templates ..........................8-9
Specifying Source and Destination Networks As Match Criteria ...........................8-10
Specifying Source and Destination TCP and UDP Ports As Match Criteria ..........8-10
Specifying Protocol Identifiers As Match Criteria ...................................................8-13
Specifying the Type of Service (ToS) As Match Criteria .........................................8-15
Specifying TCP-Established Match Criteria ...........................................................8-15
Specifying User-Defined Criteria ............................................................................8-16
Specifying the Action of Inbound Traffic Filters and Templates ....................................8-16
Specifying the Log Action .......................................................................................8-19
Disabling and Reenabling IP Traffic Filters on an IP Interface ......................................8-20
Configuration Examples ...............................................................................................8-20
Creating an IP Traffic Filter Template .....................................................................8-20
Applying the Filter Template to an IP Traffic Filter ..................................................8-21
Creating a Traffic Filter Without Using a Filter Template ........................................8-22
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Appendix A
Site Manager Protocol Prioritization Parameters
Priority Interface Parameter Descriptions ...................................................................... A-2
Prioritization Length Parameters ................................................................................... A-7
Appendix B
Examples and Implementation Notes
Traffic Filter Example for Basic IP Network Security ...................................................... B-1
Inbound Traffic Filter Examples ..................................................................................... B-3
Protocol Prioritization Examples .................................................................................... B-7
Creating an Outbound Traffic Filter ......................................................................... B-7
Implementation Notes .................................................................................................. B-11
Filtering Outbound Frame Relay Traffic ....... ............................................. ....... ...... B -11
Filtering over a Dial Backup Line ........................................................................... B-11
Using a Drop-All Filter As a Firewall ..................................................................... B-12
Using Outbound Traffic Filters for LAN Protocols .................................................. B-13
Index
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Figures
Figure 2-1. Protocol Prioritization Dequeuing ............................................................2-3
Figure 2-2. Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm ...............................................................2-6
Figure 2-3. Strict Dequeuing Algorithm ......................................................................2-8
Figure 2-4. Priority Queue Statistics for the Queue Size Example ...........................2-13
Figure 2-5. Reconfigured Priority Queue Statistics for the Queue Size Examples ..2-14
Figure 3-1. Header Reference Fields for Transparent Bridge Encapsulation Methods 3-2
Figure 4-1. Predefined Data Link Criteria for Outbound Traffic Filters .......................4-4
Figure 4-2. Predefined IP Criteria for Outbound Traffic Filters ...................................4-6
Figure 4-3. Data Link Reference Points in an SRB Packet Bridged over
Bay Networks Proprietary Frame Relay ...................................................4-8
Figure 4-4. Data Link Reference Points in an IEEE 802.2 LLC Header .....................4-8
Figure 4-5. IP Reference Points in an IP-Encapsulated SRB
Packet Bridged over PPP ........................................................................4-9
Figure 6-1. Inbound Traffic Filters Window .................................................................6-3
Figure 6-2. Filter Template Management Window ......................................................6-5
Figure 6-3. Create Template Window .........................................................................6-5
Figure 6-4. Edit Template Window .............................................................................6-8
Figure 6-5. Create Filter Window .............................................................................6-11
Figure 6-6. Edit Filters Window ................................................................................6-13
Figure 6-7. Add User-Defined Field Window ............................................................6-18
Figure 6-8. Filters Window Showing Filter Precedence ...........................................6-19
Figure 6-9. Change Precedence Window ............ ...... ....... .......................................6-20
Figure 6-10. Filters Window Showing New Order of Precedence ....................... ...... .6-2 0
Figure 7-1. Displaying the Priority/Outbound Filters Window .....................................7-3
Figure 7-2. Priority/Outbound Filters Window ............................................................7-3
Figure 7-3. Filter Template Management Window ......................................................7-6
Figure 7-4. Create Priority/Outbound Template Window ............................................7-6
Figure 7-5. Prioritization Length Window ...................................................................7-7
Figure 7-6. Edit Priority/Outbound Template Window ..............................................7-11
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Figure 7-7. Create Filter Window .............................................................................7-14
Figure 7-8. Edit Priority/Outbound Filters Window ...................................................7-16
Figure 7-9. Add User-Defined Field Window ............................................................7-21
Figure 7-10. Priority/Outbound Filters Window Showing Filter Precedence ..............7-22
Figure 7-11 . Change Precedence Window ......................................................... ...... .7-2 3
Figure 7-12. Priority/Outbound Filters Window Showing New Order
of Precedence ........................................................................................7-23
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Tables
Table 1-1. Predefined Inbound Traffic Filter Criteria .................................................1-8
Table 1-2. Predefined Outbound Traffic Filter Criteria ...............................................1-9
Table 1-3. Inbound Traffic Filter Actions ..................................................................1-12
Table 1-4. Outbound Traffic Filter Actions ...............................................................1-12
Table 1-5. Summary of Traffic Filter Support ..........................................................1-14
Table 3-1. Transparent Bridge Encapsulation Support .............................................3-3
Table 3-2. Predefined Criteria for Transparent Bridge Inbound Traffic Filters ...........3-3
Table 3-3. Predefined Criteria for SRB Inbound Traffic Filters ..................................3-5
Table 3-4. Predefined Criteria for DECnet Phase IV Inbound Traffic Filters .............3-7
Table 3-5. Predefined Criteria for DLSw Inbound Traffic Filters ................................3-8
Table 3-6. Predefined Criteria for IP Inbound Traffic Filters ......................................3-9
Table 3-7. User-Defined Criteria for IP Inbound Traffic Filters ................................3-10
Table 3-8. Predefined Criteria for IPX Inbound Traffic Filters ..................................3-11
Table 3-9. Predefined Criteria for LLC2 Inbound Traffic Filters ...............................3-12
Table 3-10. Predefined Criteria for OSI Inbound Traffic Filters .................................3-13
Table 3-11. Predefined Criteria for VINES Inbound Traffic Filters .............................3-14
Table 3-12. Predefined Criteria for XNS Inbound Traffic Filters ................................3-15
Table 4-1. Predefined Data Link Criteria for Outbound
Traffic Filters 4-2
Table 4-2. Predefined IP Criteria for Outbound Traffic Filters ...................................4-5
Table 4-3. Data Link Reference Points .....................................................................4-7
Table 4-4. IP Reference Points ................................................................................4-9
Table 5-1. Format for Specifying MAC Addresses ....................................................5-2
Table 5-2. Functional MAC Addresses .....................................................................5-3
Table 5-3. SAP Codes ........................................................................ ...... ....... .........5-4
Table 5-4. Fr a me Relay NLPIDs ...............................................................................5-5
Table 5-5. PPP Protocol IDs .................. ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...... ....... ...... ....... ...... ...5-5
Table 5-6. Source and Destination TCP Ports ..........................................................5-6
Table 5-7. Source and Destination UDP Ports ..........................................................5-6
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Table 5-8. Ethernet Type Codes ...............................................................................5-7
Table 5-9. IP Protocol ID Codes .............................................................................5-10
Table 5-10. IP Type of Service Codes .......................................................................5-10
Table 6-1. Using the Edit Template Window .............................................................6-9
Table 6-2. Using the Edit Filters Window ................................................................6-14
Table 7-1. Using the Edit Priority/Outbound Template Window ..............................7-12
Table 7-2. Using the Edit Priority/Outbound Filters Window ...................................7-17
Table 8-1. TCP and UDP Match Criteria Parameters ............................................ .8-11
Table 8-2. Common TCP Ports ...............................................................................8-12
Table 8-3. Common UDP Ports ..............................................................................8-12
Table 8-4. Common Protocol IDs for IP Traffic ........................................................8-14
Table 8-5. Actions and Dependencies for Inbound IP Traffic Filters .......................8-17
Table B-1. Predefined Criteria, Ranges, and Actions for Sample Inbound Traffic Filters B-5
Table B-2. User-Defined Criteria and Ranges for Sample Inbound Traffic Filters .... B-6
Table B-3. Sample Criteria, Ranges, and Actions for Protocol Prioritization ............ B-9
xiv
308645-14.00 Rev 00
This guide describes how to configure traffic filters and prioritize traffic on a
Nortel Networks
You can use Site Manager to configure traffic filters on a router. You can use the
Bay Command Console (BCC
Before You Begin
Before using this guide, you must complete the following procedures. For a new
router:
™
router.
Preface
™
) to configure IP inbound traffic filters on a router.
• Install the router (see the installation guide that came with your router).
• Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file (see
Make sure that you are runni ng the lates t versio n of Nortel Netw orks BayRS
Site Manager software. For information about upgrading BayRS and Site
Manager, see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS.
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Quick-Starti ng Router s , Conf igur ing BaySt ac k Remote Acc ess , or Connecting
ASN Routers to a Network).
™
and
xv
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Text Conventions
This guide uses the following text conventions:
angle brackets (< >) Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the
description inside the brackets. Do not type the
brackets when entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
ping
<
ip_address
ping 192.32.10.12
>, you enter:
bold text
Indicates command names and options and text that
you need to enter.
Example: Enter
show ip {alerts | routes
Example: Use the
dinfo
command.
}.
braces ({}) Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions
where there is more than one option. You must choose
only one of the options. Do not type the braces when
entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip {alerts | routes
show ip alerts or show ip routes
}
, you must enter either:
, but not both.
brackets ([ ]) Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions. Do
not type the brackets when entering the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip interfaces [-alerts
show ip interfaces
or
]
, you can enter either:
show ip interfaces -alerts
.
ellipsis points (. . . ) Indicate that you repeat the last element of the
command as needed.
xvi
Example: If the command syntax is:
ethernet/2/1
ethernet/2/1
[<
parameter> <value
and as many parameter-value pairs as
needed.
. . .
>]
, you enter
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Preface
italic text Indicates file and directory names, new terms, book
titles, and va riables in command syntax descriptions.
Where a variable is two or mor e words, the words are
connected by an underscore.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show at
valid_route
<
valid_route
>
is one variable and you substitute one value
for it.
screen text Indicates system output, for example, prompts and
system messages.
Acronyms
Example:
Set Trap Monitor Filters
separator ( > ) Shows menu paths.
Example: Protocols > I P ide nti fies the IP option on the
Protocols menu.
vertical line (
) Separates choices for command keywords and
|
arguments. Enter only one of the choices. Do not type
the vertical line when enteri ng the command.
Example: If the command syntax is:
show ip {alerts | routes
show ip alerts
or
}
, you enter either:
show ip routes
, but not both.
ANSI American National Standards Institute
APPN Advanced Peer-to-Peer Networking
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode
CCITT International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative
CLNP Connectionless Network Protocol
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Committee (now ITU-T)
xvii
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
CSMA/CD carrier sense multiple access/collision detection
DE discard eligible
DLC data link control
DLCI data link connection identifier
DLCMI Data Link Control Management Interface
DLSw data link switching
DSAP destination service access point
FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface
FTP File Transfer Protocol
HDLC high-level data li nk control
HSSI high-speed serial interface
ICMP Internet Con trol Message Proto col
IP Internet P rotocol
IPX Internet Packet Exchange
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Ne twork
xviii
ISO Inte rnational Organization for Standardization
ITU-T International Telecommunications
Union–Telecommunications sector (formerly CCITT)
LAN local area network
LAT Local Area Transport
LLC Logical Link Control
LNM LAN Network Manager
MAC media access control
MCE1 multichannel E1
MCT1 multichannel T1
MSB most significant bit
NLPID network layer protocol ID
OSI Open Systems Interconnection
OSPF Open Shortest Path First (protocol)
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Preface
PPP Point-to-Point Protocol
PRI primary rate interface
RIF routing information field
RII routing information indicator
RIP Routing Information Protocol
SAP service access point
SDLC Synchronous Data Link Control
SMDS switched multimegabit data service
SNA Systems Network Architecture
SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SRB source routing bridge
SSAP source service access point
STP shielded twisted pair
TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Telnet Telecommunication network
TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
UDP User Datagram Protocol
UTP unshielded twisted pair
VINES Virtual Network Systems
WAN wide area network
XNS Xerox Network System
308645-14.00 Rev 00
xix
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Hard-Copy Technical Ma nua ls
You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free, directly from the
Internet. Go to support.baynetworks.com/library/tpubs/. Find the product for
which you need documentation. Then locate the specific category and model or
version for your hardw are or soft ware product . Usi ng Adobe Ac robat Re ader, you
can open the manuals and releas e notes, search for the sections you ne ed, and print
them on most standard printers. You can download Acrobat Reader free from the
Adobe Systems Web site, www.adobe.com.
You can purchase selected documentation sets, CDs, and technical publications
through the collateral catalog. The catalog is located on the World Wi de Web at
support.baynetworks.com/catalog.html and is divided into sections arranged
alphabetically:
• The “CD ROMs” section lists available CDs.
• The “Guides/Books” section lists books on technical topics.
• The “Technical Manuals” section lists available printed documentation sets.
How to Get Help
xx
If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a
distributor or authorized reseller, contact the technical support staff for that
distributor or reseller for assistance.
If you purchased a Nort el Net wor ks s ervice pr ogram, c ontact one of the f ollowing
Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers:
Technical Solutions Center Telephone Number
Billerica, MA 800-2LANWAN (800-252-6926)
Santa Clara, CA 800-2LANWAN (800-252-6926)
Valbonne, France 33-4-92-96-69-68
Sydney, Australia 61-2-9927-8800
Tokyo, Japan 81-3-5402-7041
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Chapter 1
Using Traffic Filters
This chapter describes concepts and terms to help you understand and plan for
traffic filter configurations on Nortel Networks routers.
Topic Page
What Are Traffic Filters? 1-1
What Is Protocol Prioritization? 1-3
Filtering Strategies 1-4
Traffic Filter Components 1-6
Using Filter Templates 1-13
Summary of Traffic Filter Support 1-14
What Are Traffic Filters?
Traffic filters are router files that instruct an interface to selectively handle
specified network traffic (packets, frames, or datagrams). You determine which
packets receive special handling based on infor mation f ie lds in t he pack et header s.
Using traffic filters, you can reduce network congestion and control access to
network resources by blocking, forwarding, logging, or prioritizing specified
traffic on an interface.
Note:
Do not confuse traffic filters with other router filters. Traffic filters help
you manage customer traffic. Routing filters help you manage routing control
traffic (such as route table updates).
308645-14.00 Rev 00
1-1
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Nortel Networks routers support two types of traffic filters:
• Inbound traffic filters act on packets that the rout er is receiving.
• Outbound traffic filters act on packets t hat the router is forwardin g.
You can create traffic filters on the following router interfaces:
• Ethernet (10BASE-T and 100BASE-T)
• FDDI
• HSSI
•MCE1
•MCT1
• Synchronous
• Token ring
You can apply multiple traffic filters to a single interface. When more than one
filter applies to a packet, the order of filters determines the filtering result.
Inbound Traffic Filters
1-2
Inbound traffic filters act on packets arriving at a particular router interface. Most
sites use inbound traffic filters primaril y for secu rity, to restrict access to nodes in
a network.
When you configure inbound traffic filters, you specify a set of conditions that
apply to the traffic of a particular bridging or routing protocol. The Configuration
Manager supports inbound traffic filters for the following protocols:
• Transparent bridge (four encapsulation methods: Ethernet, 802.2 LLC, 802.2
LLC with SNAP, and Novell Proprietary)
• Native source route bridging (SRB)
•IP
•IPX
• XNS
•OSI
• DECnet Phase IV
•VINES
• DLSw
• LLC2 (APPN and LNM)
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Chapter 3 provides protocol-specific information for designing inbound traffic
filters. Chapt er 6 explains ho w to use the Conf iguration Manager to apply inbound
traffic filters.
Outbound Traffic Filters
Outbound traffic filters act on packets that the router forwards to a local area
network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) through a particular interface. Most
sites use outbound traffic filters to ensure timely delivery of critical data, or to
restrict traffic leaving the local network.
Outbound traffic filters are not based on a routing protocol, as are inbound traffic
filters. When you con fi gure outbo und traffic filters, you s pecify a s et of cond ition s
that apply to the following packet headers:
• Data link control (DLC) header
•IP header
To use outbound traffic filters, you must select Protocol Priority as one of the
configured prot ocols on an interface. Protocol Priority is enabled by default on
circuits configured with Frame Relay or PPP. Otherwise, you must enable
Protocol Priority the first time you configure outbound traffic filters on an
interface.
Using Traffic Filters
Chapter 4 provides information for designing outbound traffic filters. Chapter 7
explains how to use the Configuration Manager to enable Protocol Priority and
apply outbound traffic filters.
What Is Protocol Prioritization?
Protocol prioritization is an outbound traffic filter mechanism.
With Protocol Priority enabled on an interface, the router sorts traffic into
prioritized delivery queues (High, Normal, and Low), called priority queues.
Priority queues affect the sequence in which data leaves an interface; they do not
affect traffic as it arrives at the router. You use outbound traffic filters to specify
how traffic is sorted into priority queues. By default, all outbound traffic goes to
the Normal queue.
See Chapter 2 to learn more about priority queuing and dequeuing.
308645-14.00 Rev 00
1-3
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Filtering Strategies
This section recommends ways you might use traffic filters in a network. See
Appendix B for specific examples.
Direct Traffic
You can create traf f i c f i lter s that affect a particular protocol’s traffic. F or e xampl e,
you can forward all IP traffic to a next-hop address. You can also create traffic
filters th at affect certain locations on a b ridged network. F or example, if you want
all traffic from a node with a particular source MAC address (perhaps an
application server) to take precedence over other traffic, you can use protocol
prioritization to assign a high priority to any traffic with that source address.
Drop or Accept Traffic
You can configure a router interface to accept only specified traffic and drop all
other packets by configuring inbound traffic filters with specific accept criteria.
Or, to accept most traffic and drop only specified packets, you can configure
inbound traffic filters for the traffic you want to drop.
Note:
For example, to prevent all NetBIOS traffic from ente ring a particular LAN
segment, you can create an inbound traffic filter to drop all packets with a
destination or source SAP code of F0.
Prioritize Traffic
You can use protocol prioritization to expedite traffic coming from a particular
source or going to a particular destination.
When a router treats all packets equally, there is no way to ensure consistent
network services for users who are working with real-time applications. Bulk
transfer applications use too much of the available bandwidth and reduce
interactive response time. These problems are especially noticeable on low-speed
WAN interfaces.
1-4
Drop filters are generally more efficient than Accept filters.
308645-14.00 Rev 00
You can also improve application response time and prevent session timeouts by
implementing protocol prioritization.
Combine Filters
On most interfaces, you can apply as many as 31 inbound and 31 outbound t ra ffic
filters for each protocol. You can configure IP interf aces to su pport as many as 127
inbound traffic filters.
As you add filters to an interface, the Configuration Manager numbers them
chronologically (Filter No. 1, Filter No. 2, Filter No. 3, and so on). The filter rule
number determines the filter’s precedence. Lower numbers have higher
precedence; Filter No. 1 has the highest precedence. If a packet matches two
filters, the filter with the high est precedence (lowest number) applies.
After you create traffic filters, you can change their precedence by reordering
them. See “Changing Inbound Traffic Filter Precedence” on page 6-18 (inbound
traffic filters) or “Changing Outbound Traffic Filter Precedence” on page 7-21
(outbound traffic filters).
Using Traffic Filters
Build a Firewall
If your filtering strategy involves blocking most or all inbound traffic (a firewall)
you can create a Drop-all filter for each protocol on the interface. That means for
each protocol you are filtering, you choose a filter criterion that appears in every
packet of the protocol (for example, a MAC address).
You can also create exceptions to the Drop-all filter by adding more-specific,
higher-precedence filters to allow only specified traffic on an interface. See
“Using a Drop-All Filter As a Firewall” on page B-12 for more information about
combining filters to accept certain traffic.
308645-14.00 Rev 00
1-5
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Traffic Filter Components
The Configuration Manager creates traffic filters from template files that contain
filtering information. Traffic filter templates consist of three components:
• Criteria
The portion of the incoming packet, frame, or datagram header to be
examined
•Ranges
Numeric values (often addresses) to be compared with the contents of
examined packets
• Actions
What happens to packets that match the criteria and ranges specified in a filter
To create a traffic filter, you apply a filter template to a particular router interface.
Table 1-5
filter criteria and actions supported on specific interfaces.
(at the end of this ch apter) summa rizes th e inbound an d outbound t raf fi c
Criteria
1-6
A f
ilter criterion is the portion of a packet, frame, or datagram header to be
examined. You can break down any packet into at least three components:
• The DLC (or data link) header. Examples of data link header types include:
-- Token ring (802.5)
-- Ethernet V.2 and IEEE 802.3
-- FDDI
-- PPP and Nortel Networks Standard
-- Frame Relay
• The upper-level protocol header. Examples of protocol header types include:
-- IP and TC P
-- Source route bridging (SRB)
-- DLSw
•User data
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Using Traffic Filters
A traffic filter criterion is defined by a byte length and an offset from common bit
patterns (reference points) in the data link or protocol header. The criterion
includes the length of the filtered pattern and an offset from the known reference
point. The traffic filter us es thi s information to locate which portion of a packet t o
examine.
For bridged traffic, predefined criteria are part of the data link header. For routed
traffic, a predefined criterion can be part of the data link header or an upper-level
protocol header.
Inbound traffic filter criteria use reference points in the upper-level protocol
header. You select inbound criteria based on the protocol of the incoming traffic.
Outbound traffic filters use reference points in only the IP or DLSw protocol
headers. You select outbound criteria based on the WAN protocol configured on
the interface (transparent bridge, SRB, PPP, or Frame Relay).
Predefined and User-Defined Criteria
The Configuration Manager provides a selection of default filter criteria
(predefined criteria) for both inbound and outbound traffic filters. Predefined
criteria consist of predefined offsets and lengths from common reference points.
You can also def ine a c rite rion b ase d on bit patt ern s in a pack et hea der that are not
supported in predefined criteria (user-defined criteria). To apply user-defined
criteria, you specify the bit length and offset from a supported reference point.
Chapter 3 lists the supported reference points for inbound traffic filters. lists the
reference points for outbound traffic filters.
To fit your site’s traffic patterns, you can use a combination of predefined and
user-defined criteria in up to 32 traffic filters on each interface.
308645-14.00 Rev 00
1-7
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Predefined Criteria
Table 1-1 summarizes the predefined inbound traffic filter criteria for supported
protocols.
Table 1-1. Predefined Inbound Traffic Filter Criteria
Traffic Type Predefined Inbound Filter Criteria
Transparent bridge
(Four data link encapsulation
methods: Ethernet, 802.2 LLC,
Novell Proprietary, 802.2 LLC with
SNAP)
SRB
(Native only; IP-encapsulated SRB
is not supported)
DECnet Phase IV Area (Source or Destination)
DLSw MAC Address (Source or Destination)
IP Type of Service
IPX Network (Source or Destination)
OSI OSI Area (Source or Destination)
MAC Address (Source or Destination)
Ethernet Type
Novell
802.2 LLC Length
802.2 LLC DSAP
802.2 LLC SSAP
802.2 LLC Control
802.2 SNAP Length
802.2 SNAP Protocol ID
802.2 SNAP Ethernet Type
MAC Address (Source or Destination)
DSAP
SSAP
NetBIOS Name (Source or Destination)
Node (Source or Destination)
DSAP
SSAP
IP Address (Source or Destination)
UDP Port (Source and/or Destination)
TCP Port (Source and/or Destination)
UDP or TCP Source Port
UDP or TCP Destination Port
Established TCP Protocols
Protocol Type
Host Address (Source or Destination)
Socket (Source or Destination)
System ID (Source or Destination)
(continued)
1-8
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Using Traffic Filters
Table 1-1. Predefined Inbound Traffic Filter Criteria
Traffic Type Predefined Inbound Filter Criteria
LLC2 MAC Address (Source or Destination)
DSAP
SSAP
VINES Protocol Type
VINES Address (Source or Destination)
XNS Network (Source or Destination)
Address (Source or Destination)
Socket (Source or Destination)
(continued )
Table 1-2 summarizes the predefined outbound traffic filter criteria for data link
and IP headers.
Note: See Configuring DLSw Services for information about criteria for
outbound traffic filters based on the DLSw header.
Table 1-2. Predefined Outbound Traffic Filter Criteria
Header Traffic Typ e Predefined Outbound Filter Criteria
IP header IP Type of Service
308645-14.00 Rev 00
Priority_IP Address (Source and/or
Destination)
UDP Port (Source and/or Destination)
TCP Port (Source and/or Destination)
Established TCP
Protocol Type
Native SRB SSAP
Destination Address
Source Address
PPP Protocol ID
Frame Relay 2-byte DLCI
3-byte DLCI
4-byte DLCI
NLPID
(continued)
1-9
Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization
Table 1-2. Predefined Outbound Traffic Filter Criteria
Header Traffic Typ e Predefined Outbound Filter Criteria
Data link header Transparent bridge
(Data Link Type)
Native SRB SSAP
PPP Protocol ID
Frame Relay 2-byte DLCI
MAC Address (Source or Destination)
Ethernet Type
Novell
802.2 Length
802.2 DSAP
802.2 SSAP
802.2 Control
802.2 SNAP Length
802.2 SNAP Protocol ID
802.2 SNAP Ethernet Type
DSAP
3-byte DLCI
4-byte DLCI
NLPID
Ethernet Type
(continued)
User-Defined Criteria
1-10
To apply customized criter ia that use fields that are not represented i n a protocol’s
predefined criteria, you can create a user-defined criterion. You specify its
location in the packet header by specifying the following:
• Reference point
A known bit position in the packet header
• Offset
The first posit ion of the filtered bit pattern in relation to the reference point
(measured in bits)
• Length
The total bit length of the filtered pattern
308645-14.00 Rev 00
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