AT&T 6300 User Manual

•

••

II II

1

User's

Guide

Contents

Introduction

Welcome 1-2
Organization
What

You See

Which

Computer

Getting Started Dual Floppy
Users

What

You Will
Inserting a Diskette
Seeing
Correcting Typing
Preparing
Copying Files 2-15
Selecting a Different
Starting

Diskette

The

Benefit of Copying Your

Points

to

of

What

Is

a New

the

Computer

Remember

the

User's Guide

and

What

You Should Do

Do You Have? 1-4

Need

On

Your

Diskette

Mistakes

Diskette

for

Diskette

With

Use

Drive 2-17

the

Copied

Diskettes

1-3
1-3

2-2
2-3

2-9
2-11
2-12

2-18
2-19
2-20

Getting Started Hard
Users

What

You Will
Inserting a Diskette
Seeing
Correcting Typing
Preparing

What

Is

Your

Need

On

Your

Mistakes

Hard

Diskette

Disk

for

Use

Disk

3-2

3-3

3-8

3-10

3-11

User's

Guide

Starting

Selecting a Different Disk Drive 3-16
Copying Files 3-17
The Benefit of Copying Your Diskettes 3-20
Points to Remember 3-21

What Every

The

4

All About Diskettes 4-15
Diskette Drives
Files
File Maintenance
Points to Remember

What To Do

Doesn't Work

5

Introduction 5-2
What
How to Use Diagnostics
Testing Options 5-7
What
Selecting a
Logging

Up Your Computer from

Hard

Disk 3-15

User

Parts

of Your Computer

If

Something

Is "Diagnostics?"

Each

Test

Does

Test

Errors

the

Should Know

4-2

4-23

4-27
4-31
4-45

5-3
5-4

5-10

5-12
5-15

Glossary

Index

• Welcome

•

Organization

•

What
should

•

Which

you

do

computer

will

Introduction

of

the

see

do

User's

and

you

what

Guide

you

have?

1-1

Introduction

WelcoDle

Your AT&T
enter a new
where
cated

Both
User's
they
get

Mter
plore MS
begin

you

tasks

your

AT&T

Guide

provide you

up

and

using

TM

to

run

Personal

world

have

easily

are

running

this

-DOS

Computer

of

increased

the

power

and

quickly.

Personal
designed
with

the

fast.

guide

you

further

to

handle

Computer
to

be

tools you

may

in

the

a software application

6300

enables

you to

productivity, a world

large,

compli-

6300

and

the

easy-to-use.

want

choose

MS-DOS

to

either

Guide

Together

and

need

ex-

or

program.

to

1-2

MSTMDOS

is a registered

trademark

of

Microsoft®

Introduction

Organization

Your

User's

first

part,
stallation
stallation
instructions
to do.
traneous

This

first
tions: one for
Disk

users. You will only

for

your

get a better

To
the

second

swer

many
explains how to
individual
diskettes.
on

disk

Guide is organized into two

called

of

your

Pamphlet

and

It

gets

you

conceptual information.

part

is

Dual

computer.

part

of

the

needs

It

also

file storage.

of

the

User's

Getting

computer.

examples showing you exactly

started

separated

grasp

of

the

questions

adjust

and
introduces

Started,

left off

Floppy

of

computer

manual.

your

how to

It

starts

and

quickly

into

users,

use

the

It's

that

computer

handle

more

continues

provides

with

two

the

section

concepts,

designed to

every

advanced

Guide

parts.

where

hands-on

very

independent

other

for

appropriate

user

to

suit

and

care

The

the

in-

the

In-

what

little

ex-

sec-

Hard

turn

to

an-

asks.

It

your

for

your

concepts

What
What

In
resents
boldface
board.

Type:

A>dlr

only type
to help you follow

screen.

the

examples

For

You
You

what

text

example,

the

Will
Should

you see on

is

what

boldfaced

See

in

this

you should

if

what

and

Do

book,

your

you see:

dlr.

The

is

happening

the

indented

display screen.

type

A>

prompt

on

on

text

your

your

rep-

The

key-

is

shown

display

1-3

Introduction

Which

Do you

this?

like

have

com.puter

the

Dual

Floppy

do

you

version

have?

which looks

1-4

Then

turn

stallation

to

of

the

appropriate

your

computer.

tab

to

continue

the

in-

Do

you

this?

have

the

Hard

Disk version which looks like

~~

__

........

__

Introduction

Hard

Disk

Then

turn

installation

to

of

the

your

appropriate

computer.

tab

to continue

A

the

1-5

Getting Started

2

•

What

•

Inserting a diskette

•

Seeing

•

Correcting

•

Preparing a new

•

Copying

•

Selecting a different

•

Starting

copied

you

will

what

typing

files

the

diskette

is

computer

Dual

need

on

your
mistakes

diskette

disk

Floppy

Users

diskette

for

use

drive

using

the

•

The

diskettes

•

Points

benefit

to

remember

of

copying

your

2-1

Getting

Dua_

Floppy

Started

Users

What

• Your computer completely
Installation Pamphlet

• The

• A new blank diskette

MSTM-DOS/GW

enclosed

in

the

you

BASIC System Diskette which is

MSTM-DOS

will

set

User's Guide

need

up as directed

in

the

2-2

Dual

Inserting a diskette

Getting

Floppy

Started

Users

1 Take

out

the

diskette labelled "MS-DOS/GW BASIC
System Diskette" from
MS-DOS User's Guide. Note how
stored
same way later.

From now on
ette
(Disk
your computer.
when
commands
with your computer.

in

its

envelope so

the

will be referred to

Operating
the

computer is

System) is

It

that

allow you to perform

its

MS-DOS/GW BASIC System Disk-

as

is

read

turned

pocket

that

you

in

the

the

diskette is

can

D 1 _

01

the

DOS diskette. DOS

the

program

from

the

DOS diskette

on.

It

also contains

many

back of

replace

that

tasks

the

it

the

runs

2-3

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

2 Remove

This

jacket

dust

and

Letters
ette

drives

A;

drive

3

Open

the
locked, a
switch. You
switch

NOTE:
ette

drives

drives

the

DOS

diskette

is

designed

dirt.

(e.g., A, B, C)

on

your

the

upper

diskette

red

square

unlock

to

the

right.

Your

computer

that

do

don't

have

locks,

from

to

protect

are

used

computer.

one is

drive

appears

the

drive door

may

not

have

continue

drive

door.

its

protective

the

diskette

o

to

identify

The

lower

B.

If

the

drive

to

the

right

by

sliding

be

equipped

locking doors.

to

step

the

drive

door is

of

the

the

with

If

4.

jacket.

from

disk-

is

lock

lock

disk-

your

2-4

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

4 Hold

tly

insert

disk

When
click.

the

drive

the

diskette

the

diskette

A.

Drive A is

diskette

by

is all

the

with

side

that

has

its

label facing

the

lower one.

the

way in, you will

the

label. Gen-

up

into

hear

a

2-5

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

5 Close

6

If

you

the

need

disk

to,

drive door.

turn

on

your

computer.

2-6

For

about

on,

it

ing

properly.

five seconds

runs a self

after

check to

your

make

Dual

computer

sure

that

Getting

Floppy

is

it

is work-

Started

Users

turned

NOTE:
move a
to
mation

by

It

is

diskette

the

computer. Doing so

on

the
is accessing a
light

on

the

extremely

while

diskette. You

diskette

drive

that

important

it

is

being

can

can

by looking

the

diskette

that

read

destroy

tell

if

at

the

is in.

you

never

from

or

the

the

computer

indicator

re-

written

infor-

2-7

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

IF

THE DRIVE INDICATOR LIGHT IS ON, DON'T

REMOVE THE DISKETTE

When

it

is done,

the

look like this:

Resident Diagnostics

1.0

May

Rev
CPU

(i8086)

ROM

Module

DMA

Timer

DMA

Control

Interrupts

128

Kb

RT

Clock

Fixed

Disk

Floppy
Primary
AT&T Personal

Copyright
Compatibility

Phoenix
Microsoft MS-DOS version

Copyright
Command

1984

RAM

(A:)

Boot-strap

(c)

Software Associates, Ltd.

1981,

v.

...

Computer

1984

Software

82,

2.11

A>
A>

results

by

83

on your screen should

Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Not

Present

Ready

6300

AT&T,

all

Copyright

2.11

Microsoft Corp.

rights

(c)

reserved

1984

by

2-8

If

you don't

get

this

screen

or

one very similar to it,
contact your AT&T Personal Computer Dealer
your AT&T Service Center.

A>

The

you

to give

on your display screen is a prompt telling

that

the

computer is ready,

it

a command.

and

waiting for you

or

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

Seeing

Your DOS

mation

In
prompt

your

is

the

following example, only

is provided to

screen.

1 To display

DOS

diskette

A>dlr

Dir

is

short

tory

of

all

2 Since

the
finished
the

RETURN
typed. Therefore, always
what

you

Press

the

what

diskette

stored

on

your
type:

for directory.

the

files

computer

typing

key

have

RETURN

is

contains

in

files on

illustrate

screen a list

on

a diskette.

can't

tell

a command,

before

typed

into

key

reading

press

now.

on

your

information.

the

diskette.

type

what

of

It

displays a

by

itself

it

waits

what

RETURN

the

computer.

diskette

dlr.

The

appears

the

files

list

when

until

you

This

on

or

you

you

have

to

enter

infor-

A>

on

your

direc-

have

press

2-9

Getting Started
Dual Floppy

~ATIoT

Users

The RETURN key is the one that looks like this.

Your screen should look similar to this:

2-10

FC

FDISK

FIND

FORMAT

RESTORE

EXE
COM
EXE
COM

COM

2585
4640
6331
5776

4043 4-12-84

33 File(s) 150528

A>

4-12-84
4-12-84
4-12-84
4-12-84

bytes

9:000
9:000
9:000
9:000

9:000

tree

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Started

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~AT

~'jE

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r

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take.

ply

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lee:

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Correcting

some

time

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you do,

press

the

characters.

not

notice

prompts

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11

:

11.

'1

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QI1W

toy

AJl

S

x

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l

it

now by

you will probably

don't

worry.

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re-type

your

mistake

11

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f

you for

l1~m.

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8

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another

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intentionally

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make a typing

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key

to

them

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press

command.

m.

m-

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•n

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mistyping

mistakes

easy

to correct. Sim-

erase

any

correctly.

RETURN, MS-

~~

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~

It

''!J

"-

.........

DIR,

mis-

If

first

mis-

you

type:

A>dri

If

you

press

the

message

Bad

command

2

Press

the

the

r.

3 Re-type: 1r

4

Press

the

the

RETURN

shown

BACKSPACE

RETURN key.

below is displayed:

or

file

key

name

key

before correcting dri,

twice to

erase

the i and

2-11

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

Preparing a new

Before you
prepared
diskette.
folder
cabinet
documents

As a
unformatted

1"

Insert a new

your

2 Close

3 Type

the

space

A>dir

The
B. You
key

and

can

use a

to accept

data.

Formatting a diskette

frame

test,

and

because

to be

see

what

empty

it

provides a

stored

happens

diskette.

computer.

the

drive door.

the

following

between

b:

b:

tells

the

type

blank

a colon (:) by holding down

disk

This

command,

the

computer

simultaneously

diskette

new

diskette,

This

file folders

on

the

when

into

is called drive B.

rand

to

use

pressing

it

is called

is like

into a new

framework

diskette.

you

the

upper

making

b:

the

the

for

must

first

formatting

putting

for

your

try

to

disk

drive on

sure

to include

diskette

the

SHIFT

colon key.

use

be

a file
filing

use

in

drive

the

an

2-12

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puter

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not

formatted, your com-

displays

the

message:

Getting

Floppy

Started

Users

5 To

Sector not
Abort

return

found

Retry,

to

Ignore?

the

A>

error

reading

prompt, type: a

The following steps show you how to
diskette for use.

1

2

Format

Press

the

A>formal/l

the

RETURN

new disk

b:

key.

in

drive B by typing:

The following message is displayed:

Insert

new

and

3 Since

the

RETURN

the

As

plays

Formatting."

diskette for

strike

any

key

the

new diskette is

key

diskette is being formatted, your screen dis-

the

message:

or

drive

when

any

ready

already

other

B:

drive

key.

B:

prepare

in

drive B,

a new

press

2-13

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

When
playa

formatting

message

is

complete,

similar

to

this:

your

screen

will dis-

Formatting
System

362496 bytes
31

Format

Don't

be

don't

exactly

4 Type: n

You

have

ready

...

transferred

43008

bytes

9488

bytes

another

concerned

successfully

for use.

Format

total
used
available

(YIN)?

match

Complete

disk

by

if

the

those

formatted

space

system

on

disk

numbers

shown

on

here.

the

your

screen

diskette

and

it

is

2-14

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

As you
such

use

your

as

word processing, financial modeling,
information, etc. you will
diskette

The

1 Copy

in

The

DISKETTE to
having

2

Press

As
A to

displayed on

to

another.

following example shows you how to do this.

the

files from

drive B by typing:

A>copy

a:*.

*.* copies

*

b:

all

the

to

separately

the

RETURN

each

file is

being

the

diskette

your

Copying

computer

the

of

diskette

key.

in

Drive B,

screen,

for various applications

need

DOS

the

files from

type

in

copied from

similar

files

to copy files from one

diskette

in

drive B

each

the

your

file's

the

diskette

name

to

the

to

the

SYSTEM

without

name.

of

that

following:

storing

diskette

you

in

Drive

file is

A>copy

A:COMMAND.COM
A:ANSI.SYS

A:ASSIGN.COM

A:AUTOEXEC.BAT

A:BASIC.COM

A:RESTORE.COM

A>

When
A>

prompt

a:*.*

the

lights

is displayed,

b:

33 File(

on

s)

your

copied

disk

drives

the

copy is completed.

go

out

and

the

2-15

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

3 To verify

tory

A>dlr

4

Press

Displayed
copied (rom
and
and

5 Now

that

of

the

diskette

b:

the

RITURN key.

are

date

to

time

that

make

the

the

the

the

the

a copy of your MS-DOS Supplemental

Programs Diskette using

files were copied, check

in

drive

B.

Type:

names

DOS diskette

right

of

the

in

of each file

files

drive

name

file was created.

the

same

procedure.

that

A.

are

the

direc-

you

just

The time

the

date

2-16

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

Selecting a different

Have you noticed
pletes a
displays

This is because your computer always

disk drive

The
which drive is

ample,

A.

Remember, before you

put

when

the

However, you

task

the

it

letter

beginning

A>

means

B>

indicates

the

DOS diskette

your

computer is

default drive.

1 Type:

A>b:

that

(such

as

A>

prompt again?

began on

the

the

current

that

that

the

can

change

each

time

DIR

or

after

it

screen prompt indicates

or

the

default

default drive is drive

turned

in

drive

turned

the

disk

the

COpy)

completes

default drive.

or

on

the

A.

This is because

on,

it

default drive. To

drive

computer com-

your computer

returns

its

task.

For

current

computer, you

makes

drive A

to

the

ex-

drive is

B.

do

so:

Don't forget

2

Press

Your screen looks like this:

A>b:

B>

You

are

the

now

the

colon.

RETURN

using

key.

drive

B.

2-17

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

Starting

using

1 Remove

2

Insert

3 Remove

from drive

4

Turn

5

Insert

close

6 Wait 5 seconds,

again.
When

screen looks
your computer
drive

the

DOS diskette from drive

the

DOS diskette into

the

copy

B.

your computer

the

copy of your DOS diskette into drive A

the

disk drive door.

the

A>

just

A.

the

that

then

prompt

the

with

the

the

cODlputer

copied

you

made

off.

turn

the

ap_pears, notice

same

as

original DOS diskette

diskette

A.

its

envelope.

of

your DOS

computer back on

it

did when you

that

diskette

and

YO\lr

started

in

2-18

It

makes

computer

no difference

using

the

original

whether

diskette

you start" your

or

the

copy.

Getting

Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

The

Starting
diskette
ettes

ALWAYS USE WORKING COPIES OF YOUR PRO­GRAM DISKETTES.

From
like
DOS
make

You should
ettes
insures
diskette.

Your computer is now

benefit

up

illustrates

can

wear

now on, use only copies of your DOS diskette

the

one

diskette

new "working" copies

as

well

that

of

copying

the

computer from

an

important

out

or get damaged:

that

you

just

made.

away

in

a safe place

make

working copies of your

and

then

only use

you will always have a good original

ready

your

the

copy of

point. Since disk-

Put

your origirial

and

when

you need them.

the

copies. Doing

to use.

diskettes

the

only use

other

DOS

it

disk-

this

to

2-19

Getting
Dual

Floppy

Started

Users

Points

1. Always hold

2.

Always

3. Drive A is

4.

Drive B

5. Always
command
command.

6. Before a
matted.

7.

If
ette

get

To
more
the

Tutorial

insert

is

press

new

you

want

to

another,

some more

about

your

Diskette

the

the

such

to

your

diskette

your

diskettes

lower

disk

upper

disk

the

RETURN

as

DIR

diskette

to copy all

use

the

hands-on

computer

that

rem.em.ber

by

the

side

with

the

drive.

drive.

key

after

or

COpy

can

of

the

*.*

practice

and

comes

be

to execute

used

it

files from one disk-

option.

and

what

it

with

with

label up.

typing

must

to

can

this

label.

that

be for-

learn

do,

use

guide.

in

a

2-20

Getting Started

Hard Disk

3

•

What

•

Inserting a diskette

•

Seeing

•

Correcting

•

Preparing

•

Starting
the

•

Selecting a different

•

Copying
The

•
diskettes

you

what

up

hard

benefit

disk

files

will

is

typing

your

your

of

need

on

your
mistakes

hard

copying

disk

computer

disk

Users

diskette

for

use

from

drive

your

•

Points

to

remember

3-1

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

What

• Your computer completely
Installation

•

The
enclosed

MSTM-DOS/GW

Pamphlet

in

the

you

BASIC System Diskette whicll is

MSTM-DOS

will

set

User's Guide

up

need

as

directed

in

the

3-2

Inserting a diskette

1

Take

out

the

diskette
System
MS-DOS User's Guide. Note how

jacket

Diskette" from

so

that

you

labelled "MS-DOS/GW BASIC

its

can

replace

pocket

it

in

the

it

is stored

the

same

D 1 _

D

Getting

Hard

back

Disk

in

way

Started

of

the

its

later.

Users

1"-----_

From

now

on

ette

will be referred to

Operating

(Disk

your

computer.

when

the

computer
commands
with

your

that

computer.

the

MS-DOS/GW BASIC

as

the

DOS diskette. DOS

System)

It

is

allow you to perform

read

is

turned

is

the

from

the

on.

System

program

DOS

It

also contains

many

Disk-

that

runs

diskette

tasks

3-3

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

2 Remove

The

jacket

dust

and

Letters

drives on

computer

drive

C.

3

Open

the
locked, a
You unlock

to

the

right. Your

with

a locking door.

the

DOS

is designed to

dirt.

(e.g.,

A,

B,

your

computer.

is

disk

diskette

red

square

the

drive door by sliding

diskette

C)

are

drive A.

drive door.

appears

computer

If

so,

from

protect

o

used

to identify

The

diskette

The

hard

If

to

may

just

continue

its

protective

the

diskette

drive on

disk

the

drive door is

the

right

the

not

be equipped

jacket.

from

the

disk

your

drive is

of

the

lock.

lock switch

to

step

4.

3-4

4

Holding
gently
computer's

the

insert

diskette

diskette

it

with

by

the

its

label facing

drive.

side

that

up

Hard

has

into

Getting

Disk

the

your

Started

Users

label,

When
click.

5 Close

the

the

diskette

disk

drive

is all

door.

the

way in, you will

hear

a

3-5

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

6

If

you

need

For

about

it

runs a self

properly.

to,

turn

5 seconds

check to

on

your

after

make

computer.

you

turn

sure

your

that

computer

it

is working

on,

3-6

It

NOTE:
move a
to by
mation

is extremely

diskette

the

computer. Doing so

on

the
is accessing a
light

on

the

IF

THE

DRIVE

REMOVE

THE

while

diskette. You

diskette

drive

that

INDICATOR

DISKETTE

important

it

is being

can

can
by looking
the

diskette

LIGHT

that

read

destroy

tell

if

at

the

is in.

you

never

from

or

the

the

computer

indicator

IS

ON,

re-

written

infor-

DON'T

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

When

the

self

check is done,

screen should look

Resident Diagnostics
Rev

1.0

May

1984

CPU

(i8086)

ROM

Module

DMA

Timer

DMA

Control
Interrupts
256Kb
RT
Fixed
Floppy

AT&T Personal

Copyright

Compatibility
Phoenix

Microsoft
Copyright

RAM

Clock

Disk

(A:)

(c)

Software Associates, Ltd.

MS-DOS Version

1981,

similar

Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass
Pass

1

Ready

Ready

Computer

1984

by

Software

82,

83

the

results

to

this:

6300

AT&T,

Microsoft Corp.

all

Copyright

2.11

rights

(c)

on

your

reserved

1984

by

Command

A>
A>

If

you don't see a

it,

contact

your

The

you

that

to give

your

AT&T Service

A>

on

the

it

a command.

v.

2,11

screen

AT&T

your

display

computer

like

Personal

Center.

screen

is ready,

this

or

Computer

is a

and

very

similar

prompt

waiting

Dealer

telling

for you

to

or

3-7

Getting

Hard

Started

Disk

Users

Seeing

Your DOS
mation

In

prompt
your

is

the

following example, only

is provided

screen.

1 To display

DOS diskette, type:

A>dlr

Dir

is

short

tory

of all

the

Since
finished
the

RETURN
typed. Therefore, always
what

you

2

Press

the

what

diskette

stored

on

your

for directory.

the

files on a diskette.

computer

typing

key before

have

RETURN

is

on

your

contains information.

on

the

diskette

type

to

illustrate

screen a

can't

a command,

typed

into

key

It

tell by

reading

press

the

now.

list

displays a

it

waits

computer.

diskette

This

in

files.

db.

The

what

appears

of

the

files on

list

itself

when

until

you

what

you

RETURN to

infor-

A>

on

your

or direc-

you

have

press

have

enter

3-8

The

RETURN

key

is

the

one

that

looks like this.

Your

screen

should look

similar

to this:

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

FC

FDISK
FIND

FORMAT

RESTORE

A>

EXE
COM
EXE
COM

COM

33 File(s)

2585
4640
6331
5776

4043

4-12-84 9:00a
4-12-84 9:00a
4-12-84
4-12-84

4-12-84

150528

bytes

9:00a
9:00a

9:00a

free

3-9

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

dATal

1

Some

time

If

you

press

the

Then

re-type

mistake

for

another

Try

it

A>drl

Correcting

you will probably

do, don't worry,

BACKSPACE key to

it

correctly. Ifyou do

and

press

RETURN, MS-DOS

command.

now by

intentionally

typing

make a typing

it

is

easy

erase

mistyping

mistakes

mistake.

to correct. Simply

the

mistake.

not

notice

prompts

DIR. Type:

your

you

3-10

If

you

press

the

following

Bad

command

2

Press

the

the

r.

3 Re-type:

4

Press

the

the

RETURN

message

or

file

BACKSPACE key twice to

ir

RETURN key.

key

before correcting dri,

is displayed:

name

erase

the i and

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

Preparing

Before you
prepared
disk.
frame
because
to be

This
and
hard

As a
directory of

to accept

Formatting

and

empty

it

provides a

stored

initial

takes

about 5 minutes.

disk.

Step

test,

see

can

use

on

the

one

time

2 is

what

your

unformatted

your

your

data.

the

disk

file folders

framework

hard

preparation

to

happens

1 Type:

A>dlr

The
tells
tory. To type a colon, hold down
simultaneously

c:::

c:

identifies

the

computer

the

hard

to display

press

the

hard

hard

This

is like

disk.

Step

format

disk

colon.

disk

disk,

it

must

is called

putting

into a new

for

your

is done

1 is to

it.

when

you

hard

disk.

to

the

computer.

the

hard

the

SHIFT

for

use

first

be

formatting

a file folder

filing

cabinet

documents

in

two

steps

partition

try

to

list

It

disk's direc-

key

and

the

the

the

OA'ftT

t;;'r;-;

t=

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3-11

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

2

Press

the

Since

the

cannot

read

Disk

error

Abort, Retry,

RETURN

hard

it

reading

key.

disk is not formatted, your computer

and

displays

drive

Ignore?

C

the

message:

3 To

return

to

The following
hard

disk for use.

the

steps

A>

prompt, type: a

show you how to

Partitioning Your Hard Disk

Partitioning
that

holds file folders

1 To

2

partition

A>fdlsk

Press

the

The screen below is displayed.

Fixed

FDISK

Choose

Create

I

2

Change

3 Delete MS-DOS Partition

Display

4

the

the

RETURN

Disk Setup

Options

one

of the following:

MS-DOS Partition

Active

Partition

hard

disk is like installing
in

the

hard

disk, type:

key.

Program

Partition

Information

prepare

your

the

frame

filing cabinet's drawers.

3-12

Enter Choice
Press

Esc

to

""""",..,.,

return

to

....

DOS

"""" ..'"".,."

...",..,...

,.",."",..,..,."

...

,.".,..,(1)

( )

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

3 Option 1

tion,

If

you

first

In

Do
for

has

press

the

wanted

type

its

response to

you

want

MS-DOS (YIN) (Y)

4 Select Yes by

The

screen displays

Total

fixed

The

current

5

Return

twice.

Your

part

Formatting

Formatting
folders

hard

of

this

in

to

the

disk

one

the

the

been

pre-selected. To

RETURN

key.

create

the

parti-

to select a different option, you would

number

the

to

pressing

disk

active

A>

and

then

press

prompt:

use

the

entire

fixed

the

RETURN

the

message:

space

is

305 cyls.

partition

prompt

is

by

pressing

I

is partitioned. Now, to

time

preparation.

the

Hard

hard

disk

Disk

is like

hanging

RETURN.

disk

key.

the

ESC

the

second

empty

key

folder frame.

file

For
that
using

1 To do

A>formal/s

convenience, you

when

you

turn

the

hard

disk

this

type:

c:

can

set

on

your

instead

up

your

computer,

of

the

DOS diskette.

hard

it

disk

starts

so

up

3-13

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

2

Press

the

RETURN

key.

The following message is displayed:

Press

any

key

to

begin

3

Press

the

RETU~N

key

formatting

or

any

other

C:

key.

Your screen displays

Formatting",

After

about

3 minutes,

A>formatls
Press

Formatting",Format
System

10592256 bytes
10549760 bytes

A>

c:

any

key

transferred

42496 bytes

Don't be concerned
don't exactly
will

vary

your

cOII).puter.

match

depending

to

begin

the

message:

your

formatting

Complete

total

disk

used

by

available

if

the

numbers

the

numbers

011

the

screen looks like this:

space

system

on

specific disk installed

You have successfully completed
process. Your

hard

disk is

ready

C:

disk

on your screen

shown above. They

the

preparation

for use.

in

3-14

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

Starting

from

Remember, before you
put

the

DOS diskette

when

your computer is

the

programs

Since you formatted your
tion, you
the

hard

1

Try

it

now. Leave

2

Turn

the

Notice
did
DOS diskette
now

Now
switch to drive C
grams
computer
the

that

when

C>

that

it

default drive.

it

can

start

disk.

computer off

your screen looks much

you first

in

instead

your

hard

needs

in

using

up

your

the

turned

in

drive

turned

needs to

the

drive
of

if

drive

the

run

hard

up

your computer directly from

diskette drive door OPEN.

and

turned

A>.

it

on your computer

A.

Except

disk is

doesn't find

A.

hard

disk,

com.puter

hard

then

set

When you

disk

on your computer, you

A.

This is because

on,

it

on drive

disk

using

back on.

the

that

up,

the

the

the

C drive becomes

first looks for

A.

the

/s op-

same

as

it

with

the

prompt is

computer will

MS-DOS pro-

start

up

the

the

3-15

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

Selecting a different

The

letter

beginning
which drive is
means
the

You
you want. To do so:

that

current

can

1 Type:

C>a:

Don't forget

2

Press

the

Your screen looks like this:

C>a:

A>

You

are

the

the

current

drive is drive

change from one drive to

the

colon.

RETURN

now on drive

disk

the

screen prompt indicates

current

key.

drive is

C.

A.

drive.

For

A.

C>

another

drive

example,

indicates

whenever

A>

that

3-16

Unless you change drives, your computer always re­turns

to

the

drive

it

was

using

after

it

completes a

task.

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

As you

such

as

Copying

use

your computer for various applications

word processing, financial modeling, storing

files

information, etc. you will need to copy files from one
diskette to another.

For

convenience

the

files from your DOS diskette to

and

safety, you should copy all of

the

hard

The following example shows you how to do this.

1 Close

2 Copy

the

drive door.

the

files from

the

DOS diskette to

the

by typing:

A>copy

The
DISKETTE to
separately

3

Press

a:*.

* c:

*.

*copies all of

the

type

the

RETURN

the

files from your SYSTEM

hard

disk without you

in

each file's name.

key.

having

disk.

hard

disk

to

As each file is being copied from

the

hard

disk,

the

name

to

the

copied

of

following:

A to
on your screen,

A>copy

A:COMMAND,COM
A:ANSI.SYS
A:ASSIGN.COM

etc..,

A:RESTORE,COM

A>

a:*.*

similar

c:

33

File(5)

the

diskette

that

file is displayed

in

Drive

3-17

Getting
Hard

Started

Disk

Users

4

When

prompt

A.

drive

5

Insert

there

Since

MS-DOS

should also copy
the

hard

6

Insert
drive

A.

the

light

on drive A goes

is displayed, remove

the

DOS

diskette

are

several

Supplemental

the

useful

Programs

files from

disk.

the

Supplemental

out

the

into

its

envelope.

programs

this

Programs

and

DOS

diskette

Diskette,

diskette

Diskette

the

on

A>

from

your

you

over

into

to

7

Pressing
that

you

Press

the

The

copy

typed

it

A>copy

the

F3

typed

into

F3

key

command

last

time.

a:·.·

c:

key re-displays

your

computer.

now.

appears

on

the

the

last

command

screen

just

as

you

3-18

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

8 Copy

The

files on

copied onto

9 To verify

tory

of

A>dlr

10

Press

11 Type:

A>C:

12

Press

This

13 Type:

C>dlr

14

Press

the

diskette

that

drive C

the

RETURN

the

RETURN

makes

the

RETURN

by

pressing

the

Supplemental

the

hard

disk.

the

files were copied, check

against

drive C

key.

key.

the

key.

that

current

the

Programs

of

drive

drive.

RETURN

Diskette

A.

Type:

key.

the

are

direc-

Notice
this

The
both

that

time

directory

DOS diskettes.

you

didn't

because C

of

drive C

have

was

the

lists

to

type

the

current

the

drive.

files copied from

C:

after

DIR

3-19

Getting
Hard

Disk

Started

Users

The

Since

benefit

diskettes

of

can

wear

copying

out

or

your

get

ALWAYS USE WORKING COPIES OF YOUR

PROGRAM DISKETTES.

From

now on,

the

originals

to

make

U

sing

only working copies

insures

gram

It
DISKETTE
disk to

Your computer is NOW

diskettes.

is

best

that

start

use

only copies of

away

in

a safe place

new "working" copies

of

you will always

to

put

your

original MS-DOS SYSTEM

away

in

a safe place

your

computer

each

ready

your

and

when

your

program

have

good original pro-

and

time.

to use.

diskettes

damaged:

programs.

only

use

you need

diskettes

use

the

Put

them

them.

hard

3-20

can

copy

hard

This

many

disk

is

not

but

faster

You

onto your
SYSTEM DISKETTE
hard

disk.
original diskettes,
write information

of

your

just

and

only

as

then

safer

your

than

application
you did

run

than

hard

a floppy diskette.

your

them

disk

programs

MS-DOS

using
can

all from

your

read

and

the

Getting

Hard

Disk

Started

Users

Points

1. Always hold
label.

2.

Always

3. Always

command
command.

4.

When

clude

When

5.

leave

6.

If
use

get

To
more
the

Tutorial

insert

press

such

specifying a drive

the

colon. (e.g.,

starting

the

diskette

you

want

the

*.

* option.

some more

about

your

Diskette

to

your

diskettes

your

diskettes

the

RETURN

as

DIR

the

computer

drive door open.

to

copy all

hands

computer

that

reDleDlber

by

the

with

key

after

or

COpy

letter,

A:

or

of

the

on practice

and

comes

to execute

don't forget to in-

C:)

from

files on a

what

with

side

the

the

and

it

this

can

with

label up.

typing

the

hard

drive,

diskette,

to

learn

do,

guide.

the

in

use

a

3-21

What

Every

•

The

• All

•

Diskette

• All
File

•

•

Points

parts

about

about

maintenance

of

your

diskettes

drives

files

to

remember

User

computer

Should

Know

4-1

What

Every

User

Should

Know

The

parts

of

your

computer

The Main Unit

The

main

unit

of

your

computer
contains
drive
the
that
computer.

The
lock,
drive is

~'T"

the

two

and a hard

computer's

does

the

diskette

and

in

an

use.

drives

indicator

diskette

disk. Besides

memory

processing.

drives or a single

and

This

have

a drive door, drive door

light

p;~~~~rt---t-lINDICATOR

L~=~::::::::::~~~§§~~t:::::=::/,.-L-_....J

the

the

electronic

is

which

is

the

drives,

the

lights

large

heart

up

box

diskette

it

contains

board

of

your

when

LIGHTS

that

the

4-2

On

the

back
often called
These
other

enable

devices

equipment,

of

the

Main

ports

(e.g.,

parallel

you to connect

such

as

printers,

or

other

computers.

What

Every

Unit

are

port

the

computer

communications

User

several

or

serial

Should

Know

connectors

port).

to

many

()

ON-OFF

INPUT

OUTPUT

KEYBOARD

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4-3

What

Every

User

Should

The

Your
glare
graphics.
individual preference for
viewing position.

Know

Display

computer

display

screen

The

Screen

comes

display

with a high

capable

can

of

be

adjusted

brightness,

resolution

displaying

to

contrast,

text

suit

anti-

or

your

and

Adjusting

Your display

It

comfort.
left

or

swivel

joint

Adjusting
the

screen

can

right

are

controlled

providing

the

the

the

Display

screen

to change

be

tilted

an

infinite

display

way

you

is fully

Screen

adjustable

up

or

down

the

viewing angle.

by

a simple continuous friction

range

screen

want

is

easy; simply position

it.

for viewing

and

swivelled

of

adjustment.

The

tilt

and

4-4

1

To

adjust

Facing
case to

the

the

the

screen's

screen,

knob

reach

on

the

What

Every

brightness:

underneath

left.

User

the

Should

screen's

Know

2 To

To decrease

To

1

Facing
case to

2

At
intensity
trast
monitor.

increase

adjust

times

knob found on

the

the

text

the

the

the

screen,

knob

of

that

screen's

on

r

brightness,

brightness,

contrast:

reach

underneath

on

the

right.

your

screen

highlighting

the

lower left side

turn

the

knob forward.

turn

the

may

be highlighted.

is controlled

knob backward.

the

screen's

The

by

the

con-

of

the

BRIGHTNESS

CONTRAST

4-5

What

Every

User

Should

Know

The Keyboard

The

keyboard

four sections:

on

your

computer

can

be divided into

typewriter

• a
typewriter

• special
with

• a
lator

feature

the

numeric

and

• a block of
that

with

that

would

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r

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section -

similar

in

function to a

normal

keyboard

keys -

typewriter

keypad -similar

doubling

ten

function keys -

only one

normally

a

/1 VI11

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. 1 I

All sj'1 a r F

I r

used

keys

as a cursor

keystroke

require

v U

In

I

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primarily

to

the

keypad

control

that

can

you

can

several

III a 11'1

m

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p

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rs

in

conjunction

on

a calcu-

keypad

be

set

up

perform

keystrokes

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4-6

On

the
when
cation
tions

following pages,

using

DOS is given.

programs,

under

the

these

control

the

function of

When

keys

may

of

those

the

running

perform

programs.

keys

your

other

appli-

func-

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Typewriter

The

keys

mal

typewriter.

~."r

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~~

t;;-P;;- .

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3d

Return
return
computer
command.

Section

in

this

section

"'f,ll'

performs

key

;

,~,

a w

rl

A S 0 F G H J

~

f

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/.:

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on

typewriters.

know

This

Keys

are

.":1'1

11:

t"'R"r

VrnUml

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1If"18rnNIIM~.m.

a function

that

you

key

is often called

similar

l!I;m,1'I ,'m;

are

key.

Shift

pressed
gives you a
tuation

in

conjunction

capital

letter.

key gives you

Pressing a shifted

the

upper

key.

to keys on a nor-

L , :

G

;n

t

~

0 "

l<

similar

Pressing

finished

the

with

typing a letter

symbol on

~

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U

to

the

it

lets

typing

ENTER

!~

r

,

r:'

rJ-!-.I

0":"1

carriage

the

a

punc-

the

Tab

moves

similar

Caps

It

only affects

the

shift
letter
indicator

Space

the

to

the tab

Lock locks

the

key

to

keys.

When

light

on

Bar

inserts

cursor

to

right

on

key on a typewriter.

the

keyboard

letters.

get

the

upper

the

CAPS LOCK is "on"

the

key is lit.

spaces

in

You still

characters

into

the

the

the

have

text.

screen.

shifted

to

on non-

It

mode.

use

the

is

d----~

4-7

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Special Feature Keys

The

special

keys.

feature

keys work

with

the

typewriter

•~ .11

fF1-'Ollw

Escape cancels

~

lAIt!Jl.oj1f

tJ

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~

fl-Il..Jl.J1

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l nxn

cJPJP

the

new one.

used

Control is

with
tion or command.
text

from scrolling off

Alternate
function

keypad,

is

used

or

command. Combined

it

displays special

screen.

Backspace moves
acter,

erasing

Delete

erases
positioned.
edit

previously

It

the

the
is

entered

rt;

m•m I'fl m--m;

H

m'

II-

IIINII

current

other

For

with

.

em:

m:

M

1\

.

111

.

ft1

/ n

entry

keys to perform a func­example, CTRL S will
the

screen.

other

keys

characters

the

cursor

last

character

used

with

to

character

where

the

function keys to

commands.

~

.J

j---,

'I

rr:"

~ ~

and

to

with

the

left one

typed.

the

~

\iii

?

~

t

I'!.

\.~

It

l.?o.

~

waits

for a

stop

perform a

the

numeric

on

the

char-

cursor

II

-J

,

rL+

is

4-8

Print

Screen
shifted,
screen to

it

the

prints

sends

printer.

What

an * when

whatever

Every

User

Should

unshifted.

is displayed on

Know

When

the

~

~

......

SCROLL LOCK is

Insert
When
inserted

places

in

the

into
position. All
moved to
time

Numeric

The

numeric
whether
the

light

When

''f

I~

~

~

~

the

.11

p...o.

the

turns

Keypad

keypad

the

NUM LOCK

is on,

light

11

Il.dhl'l

a w

E~1Y

A

11

s

11

0 F G

Z x

11cIlY'"III N

I Tffi;!

the

insert

text

data

right.

off

the

is off,

not

computer

mode,

on

to

Pressing

the

insert

has

Numeric

the

1'1, m

um'

~

H mJ

II

used

by DOS.

in

the

whatever

the

screen

the

right

of

the

mode.

two functions

key

is "on"

keypad

Cursor

,m

moll

II'

M

1\

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mL . m

•

11

. In.lft

keys

~

insert

at

the

INS

you

the

cursor

key

mode.

type

cursor's

depending

or

"off."

is activated.

are

activated

-~

(J:!!!'

?,;"

,

~

"

~

I~

~

is

will be

a second

on

When

.

l);id'l

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<;.

,'.

fL+

4-9

What

Every

User

Should

Know

When
is

DEL

.

~

digits on them.

~

g

@

A Warning About Numbers

Numbers
the
either.
numbers
when a

When
or
use
a computer,

the

NUM LOCK key is on,

operational. The keys labeled 1 - 9 give you

=

the

.DEL

OINS = the

- =

minus

decimal point

digit 0

sign

the

numeric keypad

+ = plus sign

appear

numeric keypad. Numbers

The

come from, providing

number

using

an

uppercase I for

the

letter

both

in

the

computer is

is required.

a typewriter, you

0 for

the

results

not

the

digit one. Similarly, you

the

digit zero.

are

typewriter section

can

be keyed

concerned where

that

it

can

use

If

you

unpredictable. Therefore:

in

gets a

a lowercase I

do

this

the

and

from

the

number

can

with

4-10

ALWAYS USE NUMERIC KEYS FOR ONE AND

ZERO.

What

Cursor Control Keypad

When
a

[..!.fj

the

cursor

..;..'"

z

NUM LOCK key is off,

control keypad.

11

x

"c

v Bill N

II M 11 ~ 11 . ITI/

I.::

1

Every

m

~

the

~

!\

User

keypad

~I·I

J~

t,:'

I\.!!!.!

Should

IHl

II

18

acts

3 +

Know

as

~

@
@)

~
~

HOME is

Up

Arrow is

Left Arrow moves
erasing

Right
the

The
the

the

on

not

used

not

the

last

character

Arrow re-types one

previously

Down Arrow is

Down Arrow moves

screen.

entered

by DOS.

used by DOS.

the

cursor

typed.

character

command.

not

used
the

cursor down one line

one

character

at a time

by DOS. However,

left,

from

4-11

What

Every

User

Should

Know

END

is

the

cursor

the

screen.

The

Page

Up

is

used

the

information

The

Page

Page

Down is

downward

not

used

to

Up

by

Down is

the

by

DOS. However,

the

first

is

not

used

many

programs

on

the

not

used

by

information

character

by

on

DOS. However,

to scroll

screen.

used

by DOS. However,

many

programs

on

the

END

the

last

upward

to

screen.

moves

line

Page

scroll

on

Function

The
to

the
programs,
erations.
ent
For
at

the

sor

~AT.T

c;;-r;;

J=

l=

"

r~

~

~

;;:

S

*.S

~C

Keys

function keys

software

these

The

meaning

on

the

program

example,

beginning

at

the

,

''''1"

~,

•

LAll.S

£::

L:JlZ

tJ

~

in

end

11

,

/1,

11.

aWE

~.,

,Ofl

x"cllvI1BllINIIMII~II.IrI/m

I

being

keys

one

of

of

the

/'1;

1"1.

F "011"

perform

used.
usually

of

that

you

program

a file

file.

fI

, m•m•

Y III U I

mJ

11

different

In

different

perform

the

function keys

are

currently

F9

positions

and

FlO

1ft

,

m··rn

III

0

IT! PIfl

K

mL :

tasks

application

different

positions

~

~

If

.~r

~

oJ

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1

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according

op-

is

depend-

running.

the

cursor

the

cur-

VI~-

~

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~

I"

_

It

I~n+

~

4-12

What

Every

User

Should

Know

DOS only

uses

scribed below:

Re-types

the

character

Re-types
first
then

the

time a character

the

character.

Re-displays

the

the

first

F4

the

and

remainder

Deletes
to
Type
see

Allows you to
using

the

and

DEL

Fl

through

F5;

these

previously displayed

at

a time.

previously displayed

you specify occurs. Type F2,

the

previously

entered

previously typed line from

time a character

then

the

of

the

edit

the

right

and

left

you specify occurs.

character.

line.

currently

arrow

displayed line

keys

keys.

keys

act

command

line

up

line.

memory

Now

type

and

the

as

to

one

the

F3

INS

de-

up

to

4-13

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Resetting

You

can

computer

the

computer.

Pressing

It

has

and

back

re-load a

by

the

an

effect

on

the

Computer

diskette

pressing

reset

similar

again,

supply's electronics.

Executing a reset
startup
computer's
this

status.

memory

facility should be

CTRIJALTIDEL = Reset

Holding down
taneously
reset

the

computer.

and

returns

Any

the

then

in

the

reset

button

but

stops all

to

switching

is less

the
information
is lost

used

the

when

with

CTRL key

pressing

drive A

button

computer

the

stressing

computer

currently

reset

care.

Computer

and

the

the

DEL

or

re-start

on

the

your

front

activity.

power off

on

the

power

to

its

initial

in

the

is executed, so

ALT

key

simul-

key

will also

of

4·14

~

,11:

J§

lollw

~

IAllsJlo~F

'11L.::...

~

J1:I1-:Jli11

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c

1

xn

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um o n

N

II"II.II.II'I/n

111

om,n

y

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m:

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~

18

+

All

about

What

Every

User

diskettes

Should

Know

What

Diskettes
information. The diskettes
are
about

Is a Diskette?

are

flexible magnetic disks

5 1/4 inch

250 pages of

and

that

double sided.

typewritten

DI~-

CO

o

Why

Your computer needs programs

programs come on diskettes.
portant
computer won't work because
the

Do I

Need

diskette

program, called DOS,

Diskettes?

is

the

DOS diskette. Without

Perhaps

this

that

used

for storing

your computer

Each

diskette

text.

in

order

to work,

the

most

diskette contains

runs

the

computer.

uses

holds

and

im-

it

your

4-15

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Additionally, application software such

or

essing, filing programs,
distributed

The most frequent
ettes

on diskettes.

is to save

the

use

data,

accounting programs is

that

you will have for disk-

text, files, etc.

ate. You use diskettes to store your

the

sessions on
you

turn

off your computer,

computer. This is because everytime

it

loses

as

word proc-

that

data

between

whatever

you cre-

is

memory.

If

you

have a hard

with

the

computer's memory. The
age device,
cause a loss

How

Diskettes

Diskettes

are

turning

of

disk, don't confuse your

the

computer off

data

saved on

the

hard

and

hard

hard

disk is a stor-

on will not

disk.

Work

magnetic media, like cassette tape, pro­tected inside of a cardboard jacket. The diskette
spins inside
record. As
information from

The surface of
(concentric circles
(parts
bered. This enables
tion on

sector 4

the

same

mation

its

jacket

the

diskette spins,

it

or

the

diskette is divided into

around

of a track). The

the

the

diskette

or

track

location

and

read

at

23 sector

the

it

back into

similar to a phonograph

the

computer

can

write information onto it.

tracks

the

tracks

center

and

hole)

sectors

and

are

computer to store informa-

specific locations (e.g.,

7).

Later, by going back to

computer can locate

the

computer.

the

num-

track

infor-

in

its

disk

read

sectors

3

4-16

What

Every

User

Should Know

Information is

through

the

slot

read

in

from

its

writes information onto

unused

space. You

can

write over information

might

do

this

to

You

update

stance. Note however,

it

the

back.

over old information,
you cannot get

or

written

jacket. When

the

diskette,

also

instruct

that

is already on a diskette.

an

if

you write new information

old information is

onto

the

diskette

the

computer

it

does so

the

computer to

inventory file for in-

erased

in

-

4-17

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Care

Although

handling

ful
them.

DO:

• Keep

and

Handling

diskettes

will minimize

diskettes

of

Diskettes

are

not

particularly

the

in

their

envelopes

~DI_

risk

of

damaging

when

fragile, care-

not

in

use.

4-18

DON'T:

What

Every

User

Should

Know

• Don't touch
can

scratch

• Don't expose

the

exposed surface of a diskette. This

its

surface.

the

diskette to

dust

• Don't place heavy objects, such
diskettes.

• Don't

attach

rubber

• Don't bend diskettes. They
too far,

anything

bands.

the

diskette surface

to diskettes

are

can

or

dirt.

as

books, on

with

paper

clips

flexible but,

if

bent

crease permanently.

or

4-19

What

Every

User

Should

Know

D

o

o

• Avoid

Labeling

All

diskettes

can

display

not

always
trying
unlabeled
ettes

what

Here
diskettes:

diskette.
with a hard
diskette's

to

find a specific file quickly

is like

you

want

are

some suggestions

writing

If

Diskettes

look

pretty

a directory

very

practical.

diskettes

labeling

quickly.

on

a label

you

must

or

sharp

surface.

Only

on

your

do so,
point

much

of

what's

Imagine

your

files.

that

use

alike.

on a diskette,

desk.

Labeling

It

facilitates finding

about

labeling

is

already

don't

use a pen

which

felt

might

tipped

Although

the

time

if

you

o

o

attached

damage

pens.

wasted

have

your

your

or

you

it

is

ten

disk-

to

pencil

the

a

4-20

Include

•
made
backups

• Don't
one before
remove
on a flat surface

on

or

stick

and

the

label
updated.
or

locating

labels on

applying

apply

the

This

the

top

the

labels is

and

inside

date

when

is helpful

latest

version

of

old labels.

new

one.

with

its

cardboard

the

when

The

the

copy
reviewing

of

a file.

Peel

off

best

way

diskette

envelope.

was

the

to

resting

old

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Write-Protecting

Protecting
erasure
prevents
altered. A write-protected
by

the

rity

stops you from

tant

If

you
protect
carton
protect

your

is called write-protection. Write-protection

the

contents

computer.

information

want

to

write-protect a diskette, peel a write-

sticker

of

notch

off

diskettes.

on

Diskettes

diskettes

of a diskette

It

cannot

inadvertently

stored

the

the

Then

edge of

on

sheet

o

o

against

diskette

be

written

a diskette.

supplied

wrap

it

the

diskette.

unintentional

from

being

can

only be

on.

destroying impor-

with

around

This

each

the

read

secu-

new

write-

4-21

What

Every

User

Should

If

you

Know

want

to remove

change some information on

the

write-protect sticker. With

computer

Of

course,
until
diskette
this
should

can

write on

there

is no need to write-protect a diskette

it

contains some worthwhile information. One

that

already does is your DOS diskette.

reason,

do

if

it

so now.

isn't

write-protected already, you

the

write-protection, to

the

diskette,

the

sticker

the

diskette.

just

off,

add

or

peel off

the

For

4-22

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Diskette

The
identify

•

The

•

The

• The

The

The
or

default
computer
ette,

diskette
prompt.

For
prompt,
drive

list

Diskette

Drive

drives

lower

upper

hard

on

them.

diskette

diskette

disk

Default

letter

beginning

drive.

to look somewhere else for a file

the

computer

in

the

example,

typing

A.

If

the

the

files

on

Letters

your

computer

drive is drive

drive,

drive,

Drive

This

assumes

drive

when

the

DIR

prompt

the

diskette

if

present,

if

present,

the

screen

means

with

lists

that

that

the

screen displays

the

is

B>,

in

drives

are

assigned

A.

is drive

prompt

unless

the

same

letter

files on

then

entering

drive B.

letters

is drive

C.

is

the

you tell

or

file

is

on

as

the

A>

the

diskette

B.

current

disk-

the

the

DIR

to

the

in

will

computer

Your
drive

when

you

must

A

when

hard

disks perform

ette

in

drive A
computer
hard

disk

read

To

diskette

is

set

up

to

you

turn

on

the

always

you

will look for DOS on

drive

information from

other

turn

when

than

insert

the

then

your

computer

an

extra

the

computer

becomes

the

default

make

computer.

DOS

on.

step.

the

the

or

write

drive, you

drive A

diskette

If

hard

default

information to a

the

That

is

into

Computers

there

is no disk-

is

turned

on,

disk.

drive.

must

default

why

with

The

drive

the

4-23

What

Every

User

Should

Know

specify
which

the

the

drive

letter

diskette

followed by a colon (:)

is loaded.

file SORT.BAS from drive B

displayed, type:

A>B:SORT.BAS

Then

press

the

Remember
a colon
include
or

as
the

you will

Changing

You

can

change

that

in

colon

get

RETURN

the

the

example above. You always

immediately

an

error

the

Default

the

key.

drive

letter

message.

default

so, type:

A>B:

Then

press

the

Of

course,

B

in

hard

any

the

above example.

disk

and

you

RETURN

drive

letter

want

key.

For

it

to be

type:

For

example, to load

when

the

must

after

Drive

drive

if

you

can

be

substituted

instance,

the

in

A>

prompt

be followed by

have

the

drive

letter,

want.

To do

for

if

you

have

default

drive,

the

is

to

the

a

4-24

A>C:

Then

press

the

RETURN

key.

What

Every

User

Should

Know

How

1

Open

2 Hold

3

Gently
into
diskette

4 Close

NOTE:

inserted

be
tor

light

to

the

the

insert

the

the

If

Insert a

diskette

diskette

the

diskette

is all

the

drive door.

the

computer

into

is

off.

Diskette

drive door.

by

the

diskette

drive.

When

way

in.

the

diskette

side

that

with

is on, a

drive

has

its

label facing

you

hear

diskette

if

the

label.

a click,

may

the

drive indica-

up

the

safely

------------------------

-----

4-25

What

Every

User

Should

Know

How

1 Lift

the
pushed
removed.

2 Remove

diskette

A

turned

to

Remove a Diskette

drive door.

out

far

the

diskette

can

on

if

the

The

diskette

enough

safely be removed

drive

so

and

insert

indicator

that

is

automatically

it

can

be easily

it

into

its

with

the

light

is

envelope.

computer

off.

4-26

NOTE:
move a
to by

mation

is accessing a

light

IF
REMOVE

the

on

THE

It

is

diskette

computer. Doing so

on

the

the

DRIVE

THE

extremely

while

diskette. You

diskette

drive

that

INDICATOR

DISKETTE.

important

it

is being

can

can
by looking
the

diskette

LIGHT

that

read

destroy

tell

if

at

the

is in.

you

never

from or

the

the

computer

indicator

IS

ON,

re-

written

infor-

DON'T

All

What

about

Every

files

User

Should

Know

What

Your

ette
formation
your

Separating
quickly
on a
on

File

All
name
wouldn't
filing

However, on different
same
with
office.
each

Is

a File?

computer

into files,

into

office.

the

retrieve

diskette

the

diskette.

Names

the

files on a

so

that

have

cabinet

file name. You

the

same

The

two files

other.

groups

similar

file folders

information

the

without

diskette

they

are

two files

in

your

name

mayor

related

to

exact information

having

uniquely

with

office.

diskettes

may

as

a file

information on a disk-

the

way you

stored

must

have

in

a filing

into

files

to

retrieve

have

identified. You

the

same

two files

a file

in

another

may

not

be duplicates

put

related

enables

that

everything

a different file

name

can

in

your

company

cabinet

you to

you

want

in

one

use

office

in-

the

in

of

The

file

names

low

certain

A file
this

name
ways begin
or 3 characters.

File

names
case,
case.

name

but

rules.

can

can

with

can

are

always displayed on

that

your

be

up

be

added

a period (.)

be

entered

computer

to

eight

an

extension.

in

characters

and

are

either

the

can

recognize fol-

long. To

Extensions

followed by 1, 2

upper

or

lower

screen

in

upper

al-

4-27

What

Every

User

Should

Know

4-28

•

•

•

Valid

the

letters

the

numbers

the

characters

characters

A to Z

0 to 9

! @ # $ % " & ( ) - { } , _

for file

names

are:

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Examples

The

following four file
because
characters.

REPORT

FOSDICK.LTR

MEMO.JUN

MA

YSALES.$&%

These
are

file

listed

4THQUARTER Too long (it will be

LETTER/4 Illegal
NEW

Types

There

of

Valid

they

are

names

to

the

right

MEMO.JUN

of

Files

are

two basic types

File

Names

names

not

too long

are

invalid file names.

of

to 8 chars)

Spaces

each

of

are
and

name.

character

files:

valid file

use

in

the

valid

The

in

name

names

reasons

truncated

name

•

program

•

data

Program
form a
formation (data)

For

files

files

files

task.

example,

are

Data

the

program file. The files

files

files

used

by

file you

that

do something;

are

files

program

use

for word processing is a

that

run

they

per-

that

contain

files.

the

in-

your computer are

4-29

What

Every

User

Should

Know

program files. A

data

be a

file.

The file containing

anything

by itself.
designed to
do

so without a list of names.

Program
.BAT file
tensions
Data

file

file

name

are

names

list

of

The

two types of files

the

But

sort a list

names

always have a .COM, .EXE, or

extension. These

reserved exclusively for program files.

mayor

extensions.

names

names

and

and

a program file

of

names

alphabetically

three

may

not have file

addresses would

are

interrelated.

addresses

that

can't

is

can't

file

name

ex-

name

do

4-30

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Seeing

You

can

ette

using

File

What's

display

the

:maintenance

On a Diskette

the

names

DIR (i.e. Directory) command. The

of files stored on a disk-

directory of a diskette is like a table of contents
book. This command also gives you information
the

amount

amount

To see

A>dlr

Then

A>dlr

Volume
COMMAND

AUTOEXEC BAT
AGORA
AGORA
MODE
PROPOSAL DOC
FOSDICK
SALES
SALES
SALES

of

space occupied by each file

of space still available on

what

is stored on a diskette. Type:

press

the

in

10

RETURN

drive

is DOCUMENTS

File(s)

key.

COM

DOC

BAK
COM

LET
APR

MAY

JUN

and

the

the

diskette.

Directory

15957

128

11008 5-28-84 2:34p

9716 5-27-84

1882

29056 6-05-84 3:30p

3607 6-07-84
15877 5-14-84 10:560
16384
16384

235,688 bytes

ot

A:

4-12-84 9:010
5-01-84 11:340

4-12-84 9:000

6-14-84

7-14-84 1:43p

10:280

5:00p

11:230

in

a

about

tree

Preparing a New

Before you

pared
diskette.

In

order

puter,

can

use a new

to accept

data.

for a diskette to be able to

it

must

have special files on

Diskette

diskette,

for

it

Use

must

be pre-

This is called formatting

start

up

the

it

called DOS

the

com-

4-31

What

Every

User

Should

Know

system
either
mand.
storage

Typically,

should

you
the

diskette

the

system

storage

format

To

1

Insert

2 Type:

A>format/s

Notice
format.

3

Press

The

files. These files

when

it

is being

The

system

files

space on a diskette.

if a diskette

write

the

is going

files off

to

and

space available.

the

new

disk

your

DOS

diskette

the

Is (for system) following

the

RETURN

following

key.

message

can

be

formatted

take

up

is going to

system

files on it. However,

be

used

take

advantage

with

in

drive

is displayed:

put

on

or

about

contain

only for

the

system

A.

the

the

by

the

12% of

data,

of

command

diskette

SYS com-

the

a program,

if

leave

the

extra

files:

4-32

4

Insert
and

strike

Insert

the

RETURN

the

As

plays

diskette

the

Formatting

new

diskette for

any

new

key

or

message:

...

drive

key

when

diskette

any

other

A:

ready

into drive A

key.

is being formatted,

and

your

press

screen

the

dis-

After

the

displays

lights on

the

message:

the

disk drives

What

Every

User

go

out, your screen

Should

Know

Formatting
System

Format

...

transferred

362496 bytes

43008 bytes

31

9488 bytes
another

The message indicates

the

system files.

5

If

you

want

to format more diskettes, type: y

If

you

are

done formatting diskettes, type: n

The diskette is

up

your computer.

To

1

format

Insert

the

your DOS diskette

2 Type:

A>

format

Format

(YIN)?

ready

new

Complete

total

disk

used

by

available

that

for use

disk

without

in

space

system

on

disk

43008 bytes were

and

can

be used to

the

system

drive

A.

used

start

files:

by

3

This time

Press

the

RETURN

the

Is is left

key.

off.

The following message is displayed:

Insert

new

diskette for

and

strike any key when ready

drive

A:

4-33

What

Every

4

User

Should

Insert

RETURN

the

As

plays

Know

the

new

key

diskette

the

message:

diskette

or

any

into

other

drive A

key.

and

press

is being formatted, your screen dis-

the

Formatting

Mter

the

...

lights on

the

displays a message

Formatting

Format

Note
for

data

5

If

you

If

you

The

diskette

NOTE: You
do this, type A
type

362496 bytes
362496 bytes

that

C>A:FORMAT/S to

...

Format

total
available

another

the

total

(YIN)?

capacity

storage.

want

to format more diskettes, type: y

are

done

formatting

is

ready

may

format a

>B:FORMAT/S.

WARNING: Keep a supply of
readily available.
may

not

have

When

the

opportunity

disk

drives go out,

similar

to:

Complete

disk

space

on

of

disk

the

diskettes, type: n

to receive

diskette

format a diskette

formatted

you

need

to format one.

your

screen

disk

is available

data.

in

the

B drive. To

With a hard

disk, you

in

drive

diskettes

a new diskette, you

A.

4-34

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Copying

As you
There
want
Other
safety.

01

__

r--

use

are

to

make

times

Files

your

computer, you will

many

reasons

copies

it

may

-

"'J

of

be to

A

need

to copy files.

for this.

files for someone else to use.

have

Sometimes

an

extra

you

copy for

may

-------,,~

COpy

To

copy

1 Place

drive).

the

a file

original

from

diskette

one

diskette

in

drive A

to

another:

(the

lower

4-35

What

Every

User

Should

Know

2 Place

drive B

3 Type:

A>copy

Substitute
for

filename.

4

Press

When
the

diskette

NOTE: You
You
you

can

To

make a copy

Files
But
can

be

the

diskette

(the

upper

a:fUename

the

name

the

RETURN

the

A>

returns,

in

drive B.

don't

can

copy from B to A.

copy from A

are

usually

if a new

made

file
on

that

the

file will

drive).

b:

of

the

file

key.

the

file

always

have

If

you

to C and

of

a file

on

the

copied from one

name

is

substituted,

the

same

diskette.

be

copied

that

you

want

has

been

copied onto

to

copy from A
have a hard

also from C

same

diskette:

diskette

a copy

to

to

to
disk,

back

to

another.
of

in

copy

B.

to

A.

a file

4-36

1

Place

2 Type:

A>copy

Substitute
to

rename

newname

the

diskette

oldname

the

current

for

oldname

in

the

in

drive A

ne.name

name

and

example

(the

of

the

the

above.

lower drive).

file

that

new

name

you

for

want

3

Press

A copy
onto
still

The

You should
diskettes
keep

the

RETURN

of

the

the

diskette

intact.

Value

that

them

file

of

make

contain

in

reserve

key.

with

the

in

the

drive A.

Backing

"backups"

important

for

an

What

Every

new

file

The

Up

Your

or

extra

information

emergency.

User

name

is copied

original

Diskettes

copies

Should

file is

of

your

and

Know

Then

lost

any

your

backup
backup
work.

Many
that

have

if a diskette

valuable

diskette,

away

again

computer

been

users

updated

is

lost

time

or

make a new

and

make

or

damaged,

information.

then

continue

backup

at

the

end

you

Just

copy

copies

of

each

of

with

haven't

take

it,

put

your

of

files

day.

out

the

4-37

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Backing

There
The first uses

uses
have a

Up a Diskette

are

two ways

the

the

COpy

hard

disk,

that

you

can

back

up

DISKCOPY command.

command discussed above.

the

backup command is also avail-

diskettes.

The

able to you.

Making a Backup

Using

DISKCOPY

DISKCOPY is a quick way to backup your diskettes.
It

also formats

the

diskette for you.

To use DISKCOPY:

1

Insert

the

DOS diskette

in

drive A

and

turn

computer.

2

With

the

A>

3

4

A>dlslcc:opy

Press

the

In

response to

prompt

a:

RETURN

the

displayed, type:

b:

key.

prompt:

If

you

on

second

the

4-38

Insert source disk
Insert
Strike

5 Remove

6

Insert
the
(target)

the

diskette

in

drive

target

disk

any

the

key

in

when

DOS diskette from drive

drive

ready

A

B

original diskette (source)

that

will become

in

drive

B.

in

the

backup copy

A.

drive

A,

and

7

Press

the

RETURN key

or

any

The following message is displayed:

What

other

Every

User

key.

Should

Know

Copying

2 side(s), 9 sectors

When DISKCOPY is finished,
the

message:

Copy

complete

Copy

8

If

If

you

you

another

want

are

diskette (YIN)?

to

make

done, type: n

Making a Backup

To back

1

Insert
computer.

2 When

diskette

3

Insert
drive B.

up

a diskette

the

DOS diskette

the

A>

prompt is displayed,

in

drive

the

diskette

A.

that

another

Using

using

in

drive A

the

per

track

the

screen will display

copy, type: y

COpy

COPY:

and

tum

on

insert

the

original

file will be copied to

the

in

4 Type:

A>copy

You
too.

Just

example.

can

back

a:*.*

b:

up

files on

substitute

c:

the

for a:

hard

and

disk

a: for

using

b:

in

COpy

the

above

4-39

What

Every

5

User

Should

Press

Know

the

RETURN

key.

As each file is copied from
the
the

diskette
screen.

in

drive

B,

its

the

file

diskette

name

is displayed on

in

drive A to

When

the

A>

prompt

is displayed,

the

backup is

complete.

The

Difference

Although both DISKCOPY
diskettes,

there

Between

is

an

important

DISKCOPY

and

COpy

difference.

and

COpy

backup your

DISKCOPY copies a diskette from beginning to
without
a

COPY,

mirror

regard

image of

when

to

used

what

is on

the

the

original diskette.

with

the

*.*

diskette.

It

produces

option, copies all

files on a diskette file by file.

To

illustrate

what

happens, consider a file

named

REPORT.
If

you

add

more information to REPORT,

needs more room on

the

REPORT on
which
longer fit
larger
PORT

written
until

ing

it

was read. However, since REPORT will no

in
than
must

back onto

the

original space is full

data

is

diskette

the

same

it

used to be),

be broken

the

written

the

diskette. DOS begins writing

in

the

same

amount

up

diskette

in

the

of space (the file is

the

revised version of RE-

on

the

diskette. Report is

in

the

and

then

next

available space on

the

file

space from

original space

the

remain-

diskette.

end

the

the

4-40

What

Every

User

Should

Know

As you

parts
ing wrong

You
a report
folders vs finding
folder.

can

spread

might

with

see,

over

with

think

parts

DISK

COpy

this,

after

a while your files

the

entire

but

it

of

the

difference

inserted

the

report

-

•

can

have

diskette. There is noth-

is inefficient.

as

piecing together

randomly

complete

in

different file

in

one file

COpy

-.-

DISKCOPY

just

as
ette. COPY, on
vidually.

and

file
Thus

your
when
therefore

transfers

broken

It

locates all of

then

writes

disk is reorganized for you automatically

you

use

the

the

files to

up

as

they

are

the

other

hand,

the

them

as

COpy

recommended procedure.

to back

the

new diskette

on

the

original disk-

copies each file indi-

separate

one continuous file.

up

your diskettes

parts

of each

and

is

4-41

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Deleting

Eventually
to free

It

for old
sions

To

up

is

a good

or

of

delete

a file

Files

you will

space for

idea

duplicate

want

to

erase

new

files on a diskette.

to periodically review

files. A

can

be confusing.

diskette

a file from a diskette:

old

unwanted

your

with

diskettes

many

files

ver-

4-42

1

2

Insert
in

With

Substitute
lete

the

drive A.

the

A>

Del

for

filename

diskette

A>

prompt

filename

the

name

that

contains

displayed, type:

of

the

file

in

the

example

the

that

above.

file to be

you

want

deleted

to de-

What

Every

User

Should

3

Press

the

RETURN

To delete files from
hard

disk

the

3 above.

You

can

delete all
command. This is a quick way to free
ette

for new files,

key.

the

current

of

but

hard

disk, first

drive.

Then

the

files on a diskette

it

can

be dangerous.

follow

up

make

steps 2 and

an

ONCE INFORMATION IS DELETED USING THIS
METHOD, IT CANNOT BE RESTORED. THE IN­FORMATION IS GONE.

If

you don't

information is lost.

To

delete

have

all

a backup

of

the

of

this

files

from a diskette:

diskette, all of

your

with

old disk-

Know

one

the

1

Insert
in

drive

2 With

A>Del

3

Press

4

In

response to

Are you

Type:,

5

Press

the

diskette containing

A.

the

A>

prompt

-.-

the

RETURN

the

prompt:

sure

(yin)

the

RETURN

the

displayed, type:

key.

key.

files to be deleted

4-43

What

Every

User

Should

Know

Points

1.

Press

the

RETURN

mand

to execute it.

2.

If

you

get

numbers

move

or

vice

versa,

3.

The

system

up

the
when
like this: A>formatls.

4.

Always

capital

5. Don't forget to
ters

(e.g.,

files

computer

it

is being formatted.

use

the

letters I and 0 in

A:

or

to

reDleDlber

key

after

when

you expect

press

the

that

make a diskette

can

only be

The

numbers 1 and

place of 1

add

the

colon following drive let-

B:).

you

enter

a com-

the

cursor

NUM LOCK key.

able to

written

on a diskette

command looks

O.

Don't

use

the

or

O.

to

start

4-44

What

Every

User

Should

Know

The

In

this

guide, you

use

your

MS-DOS commands you'll

However, MS-DOS
MS-DOS User's Guide explores
tail. Use
as

a reference

MS-DOS.

MS-DOS is a powerful
time

to

learn

the

most

MS-DOS

computer.

it

both

as

manual

it

well.

from

your

User's

have

learned

And

you

have

need

has

many

a resource to

whenever

and

flexible tool.

The

rewards

computer.

more commands. Your

Guide

how to

on a daily basis.

these

learn

learned

in

you

want

enable

set

up

and

the

greater

MS-DOS

to review

Take

the

you to

de-

and

get

4-45

What to Do

if

Something

5

•

Introduction

•

What

•

How

•

Automatic

mode

•

Testing

•

What

•

Selecting a test

•

Logging

is

"diagnostics?"

to

use

options

each

errors

Doesn't Work

diagnostics

vs.

nonautomatic

test

does

5-1

What

to

Something

Do

if

Doesn't Work

Introduction

Your computer is engineered to work trouble free,
but

at

some point a problem

the

are

following:

many

ample, consider

One

day

while a program

running,

your screen displays
occurs. There
obvious being a damaged diskette or a faulty drive.
the

program

other

copy

surely

most
ror

recurs
drive is
able cause

To

help isolate

works successfully

of

the

original diskette,

a damaged diskette. If, however,

when

a back

the

probable cause. Note

--

not

a certainty.

the

cause of

of diagnostic routines is provided.

may

still occur.

that

you use regularly is

the

message: disk

possible causes,

when

up

diskette is used, a faulty

that

hardware

the

run

from an-

the

problem is al-

this

is a prob-

problems, a

For

ex-

error

two most

If

the

er-

set

5-2

This section provides
routines.

an

overview of

the

diagnostic

Something

What

to

Doesn't

Do

Work

if

What

"Diagnostics" is
routines
of

that

the

various components

are

the

used

is

"diagnostics"?

name

of

a collection

to

test

the

correct functioning

of

the

AT&T Personal

Computer 6300. The program is supplied on

ette

labeled CUSTOMER TEST DIAGNOSTIC DISK-

that

ETTE
routines to

comes
test

with

your computer.

the

following components.

• Main Board

• Computer's Memory

• Keyboard

• Display
Parallel

•

Interface

• Serial Interface

• Disk Drives

of

diagnostic

It

contains

the

disk-

Mter

each

test

is

run,

a TEST RESULTS

screen is displayed.

The easy-to-use program

and

menu,

instructions

lists

testing

are

displayed on

summary

options

the

in

a

screen.

5-3

What

to

Something

Do

if

Doesn't Work

How

Diagnostics should be
nent

is suspected. Messages issued by Diagnostics

are

self-explanatory,

and

pass

­repair

duce

All

of

have

learned

Following is a guide to
cover every
a sample
whichever

In

order

know

the

•

•

•

amount

whether

if

you have a

along - by

time.

the

tests

to

test,

test

that

test

to work

the

following information about

of

memory

you

have 1 or

hard

to

use

diagnostics

used

whenever a faulty compo-

and

the

information you collect

running

follow similar· procedures. Once you

run

one test, you

using

but

instead

will enable you to choose

you wish.

through

disk

these

that

2 diskette drives

the

package

can

run

Diagnostics.

provides instructions for

tests, you will need to

your

your computer

can

re-

them

all.

It

does

not

and

run

computer:

has

5-4

•

if a printer
port

•

if a printer

•

whether

play

is connected to

is connected to

you have a monochrome

the

computer's parallel

the

computer's serial

or

color video dis-

port

To

start

the

1

Insert

the

diskette labeled CUSTOMER TEST

NOSTICS into drive

program from

A.

the

Something

MS-DOS

What

to

Doesn't Work

A>

prompt:

DIAG-

Do

if

2 Type:

3 Press

Customer

the

RETURN

key.

The screen shown below is displayed:

••

·CUSTOMER

VERSION 1,03

DO

YOU WISH TO RUN THE
MODE?
('0' = NO,
ENTER DESIRED

(MARCH

'I'

= YES)

TEST

PROGRAM···

ACTION

18,

-

1984)

TESTS

IN AUTOMATIC

5-5

What

to

Do

Something

if

Doesn't

Work

Autom.atic

The

automatic mode checks

one

at

a time, according to a

Any

errors

In

nonautomatic mode, you

test

once
computer's components. Detected
displayed on

If

you
specific component, select
and

run

You select a mode by
mode

detected

or

are

concerned only

the

or

a 0 for nonautomatic mode.

vs.

nonautom.atic

are

displayed on

repeatedly

the

appropriate test.

test

screen.

entering

1 Type: 0 for nonautomatic.

2

Press

the

RETURN

key.

your

computer's

prearranged

the

can

either

any

combination

about

the

the

nonautomatic mode

a 1 for automatic

run

errors

functioning

lIlode

parts

checklist.

screen.

a specific

of

are

your

of

a

5-6