Atmel AVR2016 User Manual
APPLICATION NOTE
Atmel AVR2016: RZRAVEN Hardware User’s Guide
8-bit Atmel Microcontrollers
Features
• Development kit for the Atmel
microcontroller
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AT86RF230 radio transceiver and Atmel AVR®
• CE, ETSI and FCC approved
• LCD module (Atmel AVRRAVEN):
• AT86RF230 radio transceiver with high gain PCB antenna
• Dual AVR microcontrollers
• Dynamic speaker and microphone
• Atmel Serial Dataflash
• User I/O section:
• USART
• GPIO
• Relay Driver
• Powered by battery or external supply:
• 5V to 12V external supply
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• USB module (Atmel RZUSBSTICK):
• AT86RF230 radio transceiver with miniature PCB antenna
• AVR microcontroller with integrated Full Speed USB interface
• External memory interface
Introduction
The Atmel RZRAVEN is a development kit for the AT86RF230 radio transceiver and
the AVR microcontroller. It serves as a versatile and professional platform for
developing and debugging a wide range of RF applications; spanning from: simple
point-to-point communication through full blown sensor networks with numerous
nodes running complex communication stacks. On top of this, the kit provides a nice
human interface, which spans from PC connectivity, through LCD and audio input
and output.
Figure 1. The RZRAVEN kit modules.
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Table of Contents
1. General 3
2. The Atmel AVRRAVEN module ........................................................... 4
2.1 Atmel AVR Microcontrollers .............................................................................. 5
2.2 Atmel Radio Transceiver ................................................................................... 5
2.3 Antenna description .......................................................................................... 5
2.4 LCD ............................................................................................................... 5
2.5 Speaker ............................................................................................................. 5
2.6 Microphone ....................................................................................................... 6
2.7 Serial Dataflash ................................................................................................. 6
2.8 Serial EEPROM ................................................................................................ 6
2.9 Real Time Clock ................................................................................................ 6
2.10 NTC ............................................................................................................... 6
2.11 Power supply..................................................................................................... 6
2.12 Interfaces .......................................................................................................... 7
2.12.1 Programming Interface ....................................................................... 8
2.12.2 Relay Interface .................................................................................... 9
2.13 Voltage Measurement Interface ........................................................................ 9
2.13.1 GPIO……………………………………………………………………….. 9
3. The Atmel AVR RZUSBSTICK
3.1 AVR Microcontroller ........................................................................................ 11
3.2 Atmel Radio Transceiver ................................................................................. 11
3.3 Antenna description ........................................................................................ 11
3.4 Interfaces ........................................................................................................ 11
3.4.2 External Memory Interface ................................................................ 12
3.4.3 Serial Interface .................................................................................. 12
3.4.4 Programming Interface ..................................................................... 12
3.4.5 LEDs ………………………………………………………………………. 12
Appendix A. Atmel AVRRAVEN Schematics
Module .............................................. 10
..................................... 13
Appendix B. Atmel AVRRAVEN Bill of materials ............................... 18
Appendix C. Atmel AVRRAVEN LCD
Appendix D. Atmel RZUSBSTICK Sc
Appendix E. Atmel RZUSBSTICK Bill of materials
Appendix F. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) St
F.1 FCC Statements .............................................................................................. 24
F.1.1 Equipment usage .............................................................................. 24
F.1.2 Compliance Statement (Part 15.19) .................................................. 24
F.1.3 Warning (Part 15.21)......................................................................... 24
F.1.4 Compliance Statement (Part 15.105(b)) ........................................... 24
F.1.5 FCC IDs ........................................................................................... 24
................................................ 20
hematics .................................. 22
............................ 23
atement24
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1. General
The Atmel RZRAVEN kit is built from one Atmel RZUSBSTICK module and two AVRRAVEN modules. See Figure 1-1
to Figure 1-4 for further deta
The complete schematics and Gerber files are available from the compressed archive accompanying this application
note.
Figure 1-1. Assembly drawing AVRRAVEN – front view.
ils.
Figure 1-2. Assembly drawing AVRRAVEN – back view.
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Figure 1-3. Assembly drawing Atmel RZUSBSTICK – front view.
Figure 1-4. Assembly drawing RZUSBSTICK – back view.
2. The Atmel AVRRAVEN module
Figure 2-1. AVRRAVEN overview.
The AVRRAVEN hardware is based on two microcontrollers and one radio transceiver chip. The Atmel ATmega3290P
handles the sensors and the user interface and the Atmel ATmega1284P handles the Atmel AT86RF230 radio
transceiver and the RF protocol stacks. The MCUs and the radio communicate via serial interfaces.
For hardware details please refer to Appendix A for the c
omplete AVRRAVEN schematics.
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2.1 Atmel AVR Microcontrollers
Two AVR microcontrollers are found on the Atmel AVRRAVEN module. An Atmel ATmega1284P is connected to the
Atmel AT86RF230 radio transceiver, and an Atmel ATmega3290P is driving the LCD. Both these devices are selected
from the AVR picoPower
Universal Synchronous and Asynchronous serial Receiver and Transmitter (USART) is used as an inter processor
communication bus.
2.2 Atmel Radio Transceiver
The AT86RF230 is a 2.4GHz radio transceiver that is tailored for a wide range of wireless applications. Low power
consumption and market leading RF performance makes it an excellent choice for virtually any type of networking
device. Support for IEEE
access) type of applications is available through an enhanced layer of functionality on top of the basic radio transceiver.
2.3 Antenna description
The antenna on the AVRRAVEN is a 100 loop antenna with a net peak gain of about 5dB.
2.4 LCD
The LCD found on the AVRRAVEN module is a full custom 160-segment display tailored for the Atmel RZRAVEN kit
(See Figure 2-2 for a quick reference). It contains a seve
numerous handy symbols. In particular pay attention to the bird looking symbol. It is symbolizing the two black scouting
ravens of Norse god Odin; Hugin (Thought) and Munin (Memory). The saga says that they flew around the world and
reported news back to Odin at night. Underneath the raven segment’s “eye” there is a red LED capable of soft-blinking;
this may be used to indicate the AVRRAVEN’s search for “news” on the air interface.
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family, something that ensures minimal power consumption and operation down to 1.8V.
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802.15.4 TM (Automatic acknowledge of packets, address filtering and automatic channel
n segments text area; four segment number area and
A full segment map can be found in Appendix C and in th
accompanying this application note. The LCD is driven directly from the connected ATmega3290P.
Figure 2-2. AVRRAVEN – LCD Segments.
2.5 Speaker
An 8 speaker is provided. The ATmega3290P controls all audio. The signal source is the TIMER1’s PWM output and
the signal is shaped via a low-pass filter and amplified by a Class-D amplifier. Pulling PORTE7 low activates the active
filter and providing a PWM signal on PORTB5 activates the amplifier.
e schematics folder in the compressed archive file
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2.6 Microphone
The Atmel AVRRAVEN’s microphone is connected to the Atmel ATmega3290P ADC channel 0. The signal is amplified
and low-pass filtered. Pulling PORTE7 low activates the microphone circuit.
2.7 Serial Dataflash
A 16Mb Atmel Serial Dataflash (AT45DB161D) is connected to the ATmega3290P’s Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI).
This storage is used for safe firmware images, sounds and general-purpose parameters. See the firmware
documentation for an overview of occupied sectors, and those available to the end user. Even with a couple of safe
firmware images for the two microcontrollers there is plenty space left for the end user. Please note that the serial
Dataflash will operate properly when the voltage is above 2.5V while the rest of the design will operate down to 1.8V.
2.8 Serial EEPROM
A 2kb Atmel Serial EEPROM (AT24C02B) is connected to the Atmel ATmega1284P’s two-wire interface (TWI). This
storage is write protected by hardware and can only be read. The storage contains important configuration and
calibration data that should not be unintentionally overwritten. Information such as a unique EUI 64-bit address can be
found her-in. A rich set of access functions and the parameter map is given in the RZRAVEN firmware documentation.
2.9 Real Time Clock
Separate 32768Hz clock crystals are connected to the ATmega3290P’s and the ATmega1284P’s asynchronous timer
interfaces. This allows an application to implement a real time clock (RTC) to keep track of time when sleep modes are
used to reduce the power consumption. This is especially important for battery-operated nodes.
2.10 NTC
An NTC is connected to the ATmega3290P’s Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) channel 4. This NTC can be used to
measure the temperature in the surroundings of the AVRRAVEN. The NTC can be found below the joystick, close to
J401. The JTAG interface must be disabled when using the temperature sensor. When running the AVRRAVEN from
an external power source the onboard voltage regulator may heat the temperature sensor giving faulty reading. To
avoid this the sensor NTC may be soldered off and relocated using short wires. If a higher level of accuracy is required
the users may also calibrate the sensor by adjusting the temperature lookup table in firmware.
2.11 Power supply
The AVRRAVEN can be powered either from batteries or an external 5V to 12V DC source. The power source is
selected by the position of the jumper located immediately to the right of the LCD (See Figure 2-3 for a reference).
Polarity protec
tion is provided when using an external power source.
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Figure 2-3. Power source selection.
The Atmel AVRRAVEN has been designed to run from two 1.5V LR44 battery cells.
An onboard voltage regulator makes it possible to run power the AVRRAVEN from a 5V to 12V DC source. The external
voltage is applied to the two leftmost pins in the user I/O area (J401). The Atmel ATmega3290P’s ADC channel 2 is
connected to a voltage divider and the external voltage supply interface. This way it is possible for the application to
monitor the external operating voltage.
2.12 Interfaces
The AVRRAVEN module has multiple interfaces that can be used for serial communication, interaction with external
sensors and control units such as relays and of course programming and debugging.
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Figure 2-4. AVRRAVEN User Interfaces.
Table 2-1. Interfaces available on J401.
Pin number Function Comment
1 Ext. power supply, 5-12V input External power input
2 Ext. power supply 0V Connected to internal 0V
3 Relay coil positive Relay driver circuit positive
4 Relay coil negative Relay driver circuit negative
5 Voltage measure input, 0-VCC*5 Analog input via 47k/10k voltage divider
6 Voltage measure input, 0-VCC Analog input directly to ADC input.
7 VCC Connected to the VCC net directly
8 User I/O #1 Digital I/O, may interface an LED or a switch directly. On-board 470
9 User I/O #2
10 User I/O #3
11 User I/O #4
12 Common Connected to internal 0V
series resistors and 10k pull-ups are provided.
Pin change interrupts, TWI and USI is also available on these pins.
Care should be taken when connecting to the Atmel AVRRAVEN’s interfaces, since there is no protection circuitry
provided. Damage to the MCUs or other circuits may be the result of ESD spark, short circuits, polarity or over-voltage
faults.
2.12.1 Programming Interface
Both the Atmel ATmega3290P and Atmel ATmega1284P can be programmed using either the JTAG or ISP interface.
JTAG programming can be facilitated by connecting a JTAG ICE mkII to the 50-mil pin header J301 (ATmega3290P)
and J204 (ATmega1284P). A total of 5 50-mil pin headers and one 50-mil to 100-mil converter are supplied with the
RZRAVEN kit.
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