Atari 1050 Reference Manual

DISK

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SYSTEM

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REFERENCE

MANUAL

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CONTENTS

PREFACE

HOW

1

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TO

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Setting Adding Setting

Labeling Disk Drives Inserting a What How

Do

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Drive

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WITH

DISKETTES

The Master Diskette

DOS.SYS DUP.SYS File AUTORUN.SYS File 9

ATARI810

How

To Format a Diskette

Making

Master Diskette Creating a System Diskette

810™

Creating a System Diskette Using an ATARI

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Write-Protecting Your Diskettes

Labeling Diskettes Single-Density and Double-Density Diskette

Recording Which How

To Store Diskettes

File

Formatted Diskettes II

a System Diskette From Your

With

Disk Drive

Dual Disk Drive

Diskettes To Use

DOS

the AT ARI

v

XI

\I

1

2 2 3 3 4 4 5

9

9 9 9

9

10

12

13

14 15

15 16

16

3

USING

Identifying Filename Extenders and Their Use Wild

Boot Saving, Loading, and Running Programs

DOS

Cards

Errors

Your

II

Diskette

Files

Contents

19

19 19 21

22

23

vii

SELECTING A DOS

4

Disk

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B. Run Cartridge

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J.

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Parameters

Option

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a Single

Multiple

With

to

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to

Load

OPTION

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Disk

About

Optional

File

File?

Assembly

Binary

Drive

27

28 29 30 32 32 35 35

35 36 37 37

38 39

39

40 41 43 44 44 45

45

46 47

viii

Contents

5

MORE

Tokenized

.

BASIC

I 10CB's Using Using

USER

Commands

LOAD SAVE

LIST ENTER

RUN

nput/Output

With

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INPUT/PRINT

INFORMATION

Used

and

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Control

Input/Output

Blocks

Commands

With

DOS

Files

Commands

49

49 49 49 50 50 50 51 51 51 51 53

Direct

Using Using Substituting

Saving

Accessing The

Accessing

Commands

the

PUT/GET

the

STATUS

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Options

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Loading

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the

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File

NOTE/POINT

for

DOS

and

Data

54 57 58

60

62 63

66 67 67

ADDITIONAL

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ABOUT

AT ARI Diskettes

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THE DISK DRIVE SYSTEM

Operation

INFORMATION

Drive

APPENDICES

Alphabetic

A

With

B Notes and

Basic Error Messages and

C

DOS II

D

For 32K Ram System

Hexadecimal-to-Decimal Conversion Table

E

How

F

C

H

To Speed

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How

To Increase User

Major

and DOS II Structure C lossary

DirectoryofBasic

Disk Operations 71

Terminology

Memory

Differences Between DOS I (9/24/79)

of

Map

Up

a Compound File

Terms

Used

Data

RAM

Words

With

How

To Recover

TransferstoDisk

Space

Used

DOS II

69

69 69 69 70

71

73 75

81

83

85

87

89

91 93

INDEX

ILLUSTRATIONS

1-1

Disk Drive Configurations Available

1-2 Drive Code Settings 1-3

Inserting a Diskette

1-4

The DOS II

Menu

Into

a Disk Drive

Contents

99

1

2

3 4

ix

2-1

A Formatted Diskette

2-2

Write-Protecting a Diskette

2-3

Correct Diskettes

3-1

Structureofa Filespec

3-2

ExamplesofLegal and Illegal Filenames

3-3

DOS

Menu

Use

Wild

3-4

Boot

Errors

3-5

Sample Interest Program

4-1

Using the Disk

4-2

Using the Copy File

4-3

Using the Delete File

4-4 Using the Rename File

4-5

Using the Lock File

4-6 Using the

4-7

Using the

4-8

Using the Format Disk

4-9

Using the

Single Disk Drive

4-10

Using the

Dual or

4-11

The

4-12

Six-Byte Header Table

4-13

Using Binary Save

4-14

Using Binary SavetoSave

4-15

Converting an Existing Load-Only Filetoa

Load-and-Go File

4-16

Using the Binary Load

4-17

Using the Run at Address

4-18

Creating a

4-19

Example of

4-20

Using the

Unlock

Write

Duplicate

Multiple

Most

Elementary UseofBinary Save

MEM.SAV

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for

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Usage

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Cannot

With

Parameters

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10 15 16

20 20

Use

21 22 24

29 32 33 34 35 35 36 36

38

38 39 39 40 41

43 43 44 44 45

48

x

Contents

5-1

ExampleofProgram

5-2

Explanation

5-3

ExampleofOpening

5-4

Sample

5-5

Sample

5-6

Sample

5-7

Sample

5-8

Sample

5-9

Sample

5-10

Sample

5-11

Sample

5-12

Sample

Chaining

of

OPE N

INPUT/PRINT NOTE RunofNOTE POINT RunofPOINT PUT

GET

RunofPUT/GET STA TUS

Program

Program Program

Statement

and

Program

ClosingaFile

Program

Parameters

50 52 52 53

54

55 56 57 57

58 58 60

5-13

Sample

5-14

SampleInterest

5-15

Sample Sample

5-16

5-17 Run 5-18 The I 5-19

Get

XIO

Program

Program RunofInterest ProgramtoCreate a

of

Sample

nformation

Byte

Program

Data

Stored on

5-20 An AUTORUN.SYS

Advanced

User

Program

File

Example

Data

Diskette

for

the

File

62

64 64

65

66 66

67

68

Contents

xi

This

manual

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27

DUP DUP

MEM MEM

SYS 042 SYS 021

SAY 045 SAY 022

(ATARI (ATARI

810 815

Disk Dual

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Disk

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Disk

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PARAMETERS FOR THE DISK DIRECTORY

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626 FREE SECTORS

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Figure 4-1 Using the Disk Directory Option

Whenever

Systemtothe

displays

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CARTRIDGE

you

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Figure 4-2 Using the

youtodelete

not

allow

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delete

files

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the

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any

from

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all

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the

to

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diskettes.

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Selectrng

a DOS

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on displays ERROR-167, FILE).

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the

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write-protected

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SELECT

Example 2:

SELECT

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DELETE

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TO

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฀฀

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FOR MENU

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have a .BAS extender.

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Figure 4-3 Using the Delete File

FOR MENU

File

willbedeleted

requesting

Deletes Drive1diskette.

all

Option

Selecting

verification.

files

a DOS

from

without

the

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33

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1:

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ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

RENAME, GIVE OLD NAME, NEW

D2:

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2:

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฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

RENAME, GIVE OLD NAME, NEW

* .8K B,-, BAS

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SELECT

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฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

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Figure 4-4

1:

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FILE

TO LOCK?

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

2:

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the Rename File

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SELECT

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀

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ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

4:

ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

TO LOCK?

ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

Figure 4-5 Using the

Locks extenderof.BAS.

Locks begin

Locks all D1

Lock

File

all

with

Option

files on D1

T

files

with

that

an

34

Selecting

a DOS

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F.

LOCK FILE

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file.

locked

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renamed,ordeleted.AnERROR-167

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same

(*)

time.

preceding

to,

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UNLOCK

C.

FILE

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locked

the

LOCK

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complete

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lock

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the

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2:

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3:

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PRO B?D AT

FILE

TO UNLOCK?

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SElECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

Figure 4-6 Using the

To

write

DOSII(composedofDOS.SYS

must

have

previously else be DOS

Note: mattedbyDOSI.Similarly, DOSIformatted

using

an AT ARI 810

II istobe

DOSIIwill

written

not

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formatted

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can be

allow

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only

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II (CX8111).

disk

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extender.

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that

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diskette.

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I.

FORMAT

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datatobe

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should diskettes

protect

DOS

MENU,

inserted

Figure 4-7

longer

stored

ATARI

never

and

WRITE

formatted

yourself

files

have

both

are

redisplayed.

DOS

in an 815

DOS FILE

by

from

been

the

menu

file

ontoadiskette

will

also

Disk

onto

a DOS II

both

DOS

I and

making

getanerrorifyou

written

and

Drive

errors

to

the

prompt

that

has

some

diskette

message, SELECT

has been

SElECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

fI1!iJI!!"JtfI#

H DRIVE TO WRITE DOS

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

1

TYPE

/lY" TO WRITE DOS TO DRIVE 1.

Y

฀฀฀฀

WRITING NEW DOS

FILES

TO?

SElECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

Using

the

Write

DOS File

The

want.

Formatting

and

retrieved.

810

Disk

diskette

writesadigital

Formattingadiskette

Drive

and 2 1/2

can be

pattern

minutesonthe

diskette.

formatted

might

(see Figure 4-7),

write-protected,

try

writinganew

the

WRIT

Option

blankorhave

on

takes

When with

damage

PROT

the

diskette

approximately

ATARI

your

ITEM

DOS

light

files

815

work-

DOS II,

valu-

the

OR

you

file

on.

on it

that

2

Dual

36

SelectingaDOS

Menu

The you tors. The screen

II that times.Ifthis

before

Ifadisketteisnew

plier

than

Option

example can

specify

will

refusetoformat

the

diskette

returning

for

exchange. You

AT ARI

in Figure 4-8

any

drive.Itis

will

display

has

happens, it

an ERROR-173.

and has

may

notbeof

SElECT ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

1f1/ii1!J.'fJ'lJ

WHICH DRIVE TO FORMAT?

1fl!!il!l'fJ'lJ

TYPE

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

Figure 4-8 Using the

illustrates

an ERROR-173 (Bad Sectors at

the

diskette.IfDOS

bad

sectors, it may

bad

shouldbeaware

high

Drive

1 as

not

possibletoformatadiskette

will

trytoformat

take

upto15

sectors,itis

that

enough

qualitytowork

/lY" TO FORMAT DISK 1

OR RETURN FOR MENU

Format

the

drivetobe

II gets a message

the

minutes

recommended

diskettes

tryingtoformatadiskette

suppliedbyvendors

with

Disk

Option

formatted;

containing

Format

from

diskette

you

returnitto

the

AT ARI

however,

bad

sec-

Time), and DOS

the

disk

drive

two

additional

the

sup-

other

Disk

Drives.

J.

DUPLICATE

DISK

Warning:

diskette.Ifyou the DELETE FILE(S) instead.

Use option

it) process is by the

The

not

they

the

files

the

The

If

you tion ATARI drive however,

cess

Formattingadiskette

formatanATARI

speed

and

inserting

duplication

only

source

duplication

advantage

this

menu

optiontocreateanexact

withasingle

destination

complete.

source

duplication

are

also

disketteisalso

previously

source

diskette

attempttouse a DOS I

diskette

810

Formatted

using DOS I or DOS II.Ifyou

be sure

will

write

disk

(disketteonwhich

You can

and

processtoproceed

process is a

all

your

locatedinthe

storedonthe

process is

must

can be

noneofthe

over

them

always

810

of

using a

drivebymanually

also

destination

sector-by-sector

files

copied

same

copied

destination

complete.

be a DOS II

diskette,

any

formatted

Diskette

with

files

the

II (CX8111) or

destroys

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preformatted

duplicateofany

swapping

you

are

use

this

option

diskettesintwo

automatically.

from

the

sourcetothe

sector

numberonboth

onto

the

destination diskette

formatted

you

AT ARI

use an

old

on it are

new

valuable,

files.

all

Diskette

diskette.

putting

with

copying

diskette

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getanerror

diskette.

any

diskette

files

and

source

files)

multiple

separate

technique.

diskettes.

diskette.

will

have

for

This means

diskette

for

because

format

II (CX8111),

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Menu

diskette.

(diskette

until

disk

drives

destination

For

been

youtouse

message. The

you

formatted

the

destination

the

existingonthe

you

will

Option

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can use

with

files

the

duplication

drive

systems

and

allowing

This means

diskette,

The

directory

this

reason,

destroyed

on

duplication

this

option.

destina-

can use

your

diskette,

when

lose

D.

this

on

that

but

of

any

disk

pro-

DUPLICA

TION

USINC A

SINCLE DISK DRIVE

Remember, duplicate Drive.Ifyou

You can Drivetoan AT AR I 810 ettesbyusing data

will

is

stored.

Since between always before DUPLICATE

invalidatedifyou

DUPLICATE

The

BASIC

the

destination

single

In a Figure 4-9)

Always cidentally

ERROR-144, and

you

cannot

diskettes

still

look

there

is no

ATARI save BASICorassembly attempting

DISKasthereisfor

programisstored)

disk

write-protect

insertedinplaceofthe

between

trytodo

approximate

the

COpy

the

same on each

true 810

give

DISK

diskette

drive

your

duplicate

so,

you

the

Disk

FILE

duplication Disk

Drives

to

duplicate

DOS II option

as a

when

system,

your

source

a DOS I

an

ATARI

will

duplication

Drive

command

diskette,

the permissiontoproceed always

buffer

one

the

source

diskette

810

getanerror

(and

vice

with

but

process

and

language

a

drive

diskette

destination

ATARI

diskette.

COpy

uses

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for

moving

is used.

and

will

between

Disk

process

versa) and

the

there

programs

FILE

program

destination

as a

stillbeintact.

formatted

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message.

from

*.*

option

are

DOS I and

815

Dual

There

command,

(andtouse

the

filesonthe

safety

diskette,

and an

an AT ARI 815

from

DOSIto discussed

differencesinthe

Disk

that

are

is no

and

area

(whereaRAM-resident

drives

measure. Then, ifitis ac-

the

screen

nor

can

ATARI

DOSIIdiskettes,

Drives,

currently

internal

MEM.SAV

the

source

are

both

815

Dual

DOS

earlier.

way

you

buffer

program

diskette

Drive

will

display

II d isk-

should

in

will

Disk

data

RAM

area).

1 (see

you

The

or

for

be

to

an

SelectingaDOS

Menu

Option

37

If

you

TO

USE

RETURN

Figure

type

any

PROCRAM

FOR

4-9 is an

character

MENU

exampleofduplication

AREA

prompt

other

than

message,

appearsonthe

Y in

the

program

usingasingle

responsetothe

aborts

screen.

disk

and

the

drive:

TYPE

SELECT

"Y"IFOK

ITEM

OR

DUPLICATION USING MULTIPLE DISK DRIVES

SELECT

J

DUP

1,1

INSERT TYPE

ITEM

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

DISK-SOURCE,

SOURCE DISK,

"Y"

IF

OR

RETURN

FOR MENU

DEST

TYPE

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

RETURN

OK TO USE PROGRAM

฀฀฀฀฀

CAUTION: A "Y" INVALIDATES MEM. SAY

Y

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

INSERT

SELECT

DESTINATION DISK,

ITEM

OR

RETURN

TYPE

RETURN

FOR MENU

Figure 4-9 Using the Duplicate Disk Option With a Single Disk Drive

Note:

The

destination

foragiven full,

a 48K

require

If distinguish mats disk

you

fiveorsix

are

when

drive.

numberoftimes

diskettes

system

using

between labeling

and

might

diskette

both

the

DUP

dependsonthe

the

amountofRAMinthe

require

the

files

diskettes.

only

insertions.

ATARI stored

using

810

This

program

number

two

and

the

will

requests

and

insertions,

ATARI

single-density

keep

youtoinsert

sizeofthe

system.Tocopyadiskette

whereasa16K

815

Disk

and

you

from

using

file(s)tobe

Drives,

the

source duplicated

system

make

sure

double-density

theminthe

and

that

might

you

for-

wrong

is

38

SelectingdDOS

Menu

Option

For a

multiple program,asthe dated. diskette

models.

The

take

Notice

cursor

several

disk

drive

user's

that

the

into

Drive2(Figure

remainsonthe

minutesifthe

SELECT

J

lC:,Jj;il:;.;:%1

DUP

1,2

INSERT

TYPE

CAUTION: A

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

Y

SELECT

system, it is

program

source

ITEM

DISK-

area

disketteisinsertedinDrive1and

4-10)

screen

source

OR

SOURCE, DEST DRIVES

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

BOTH DISKS,

"Y"

IF

OK TO USE PROGRAM AREA

ITEMORRETURN

also

necessarytosave a

will

be

altered

You

can

use

during

"y

the

duplication

disketteisalmost

RETURN

n

INVALIDATES MEM. SAY

TYPE

FOR MENU

RETURN

and

any

FOR MENU

RAM-resident

MEM.SAV

twoofthe

process. This

full.

will

the

same

BASIC

be

invali-

destination

disk

drive

process

Figure 4-10 Using the Duplicate Disk Option With Dual or Multiple Disk Drives

can

K. BINARY SAVE

Note:

This

Computer

knowledge beyond

Use

(binary)

this decimal binary parameters 2,3,

In and

this

format.

and 4.

the

format.

file

example

instruction

user. Unless

of

assembly

first

example.

Menu

selectiontosave

Programs

The

parameters

numbers.

or

program.

that

allow

below,afiletobe

ending

address 5BFF is saved on a

will

probably

you

understand

language,

written

for

The START and

The

INIT

youtomake

not

be used by a

hexadecimal

you

may

the

contentsofmemory

using

the

Assembler

this

selection:

END

addresses are

(initialize)

any

program

called

BINFIL.OBJ

disketteinDrive

beginning

numbers

not

wishtoread

Editor

START, END,

required

and RUN addresses are

executeonloading.

with

the

ATARI and the

locationsinobject

cartridge

INIT,

RUN, are hexa-

parameters

See Examples

starting

1.

address

Personal

have

some

information

file

also

have

for

any

optional

3COO

ADVANCED USER INFORMATION ABOUT OPTIONAL

PARAMETERS

Figure 4-11 is an

Figure

All

binary

files,

the

Assembler

file

(see Figure 4-12).

out

the

starting

Header

Byte

#

#1

#2 #3

#4

#5

#6

exampleofthe

Example

SElECT

฀฀฀

SAVE-

BINFIL.OBj,

SElECT

4-11 The

like

those

you

Editor

cartridge,

From

address and

Decimal Number

255 255

o

60

255

91

useofBINARY

1:

ITEM

OR

FILE,

3COO,

ITEM

OR RETURN FOR

Most

would

haveacommon

the

header

ending

address

RETURN FOR

END,

5BFF

'ftlmm

Elementary

create

with

data

showninthe

that

Hex

Number

FF FF

00

3C

FF

5B

SAVE:

MENU

INIT,

RUN

MENU

UseofBinary

the

BINARY

6-byte

was used in Figure 4-12.

Description

Identification binary Starting

Ending

Save

SAVE

header

table,

that

you

load

file

address (LSB)

optionorwith

precedes

can

code

(MSB)

easily

for

the

pick

Figure 4-12

The

two

optional assembly of

eitherorbothofthese address that into given.

does

the

language

not

computer

parameters,

contain

file

but

execute

data

will

for

not

Six-Byte

INIT

these

execute

File

data

segment

8191

(Dec)

bytesofdata.

Header

and

automatically

parametersiscalleda"load-and-go"

parametersiscalleda"load"

Table

RUN,

after

untilaM.

for

Binary

offer

the

meanstomakeabinary

loading.Afile

RUN AT ADDRESS

SelectingaDOS

Save

that

file,

contains

makes

file.Afile

since it

command

Menu

Option

use

loads

is

39

In

general,

tion

will

begin reached). For is a

compound pended dress. In

together

this

the

RUN

as soon as a

this

file.

case,

address

reason

For

with

only

eachofthe

parameter

whole

fileisloaded

there

can

onlybeone

example,afile

original

the

last

RUN addresstobe

defines

couldbemadeupof

the

effective

small

into

point

RAM

files

loaded

in a

RUN address

having

program

(i.e.,

several

would

when

their

execute.

where

execu-

EndofFile is

even

if a

small

files

own

RUN

**

file

apad-

USINC BINARY SAVE

WITH

OPTIONAL

PARAMETERS

If an IN IT address is

RAM,

the

code

thatitpointstowillbeexecuted. upofseveral segment

dress is segment always

createdbythe

Files storedinthe be

controlled. (HICH) (HICH)

code

thatitpointstomust

Note: dress. For program

**An

RTS (RETURN) at

* Each loaded

The

example

data

area initialization gram

resides assume code

and

load-and-go

which

has an

loaded.

wouldbeloaded,

precedes

Hex.

lOeB

being

code

or, if it is desired,

that

Thus,

the

desired

The

INIT

Remember,

#1 is

this

reason it is

executed.

segment

in Figure 4-13

that

mustbeinitialized

code

between

both

the

initialization

specified,

INIT

each

executionofany

Assembler

INIT

RUN

address is

open

during

the

must

resides

4200 (Hex) and 4FFF (Hex). For

the

initialization

then

as soon as

files

appended

address

segment

etc.*

Executionofcode

Editor

and RUN addresses in

address is

always

the

INIT

address is

have

been

the

not

available

endofa

end

with

returnedtoDOSIIcontrol.

illustratesanassembly

before

from

address 4000 (Hex)to41 FF (Hex) and

code

ends

together.

specified

would

code

cartridge

always

executionofcode

storedinLocations

previously

and

program

an RTS (RETURN)ifthe

the

code

and

with

the

actual

This is

In such a case

will

be

load

and be

pointedtoby a RUN address.

using

your

executed

loaded.

must

notbetampered

will

always

main

program

main

an RTS (RETURN).

address gets

true

evenifthe

each

executed

pointedtoby

the

load-and-go

code

as soon as it is

pointedtoby

language

program

when

executed

followedbythe

return

can use it. Suppose

purposesofillustration,

before

any

2EO

(LOW)

2EZ

(LOW)

withbythe

controltoDOS

program

contain

loaded fileismade

load-and-go

the

INIT

option

loaded,sothe

any

the

into

INIT

ad-

the

can be

code

and 2E1

and 2E3

INIT

ad-

user

that

uses a

the

main

pro-

executable

to

II.

be

40

Selecting

a DOS

Menu

Option

the

In memory.

The

following

1.

Memory

2. The

following

example

Example 2:

SELECT

K

SAVE-GIVE

LACPRC.OBj,

SELECT

Figure 4-13

events

from

4000to4FFF

INIT

address 4000 (Hex) is

we assume

the

ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

฀฀฀฀฀฀

FILE, START, END, INIT, RUN

4000, 4FFF, 4000, 4200

ITEM OR RETURN FOR MENU

Using

will

Binary

occur

Save

on

loading

willbefilled

storedinMemory

program,

With

Optional

this

file

with

LACPRC.OBj,isalready

฀฀฀

Parameters

into

memory:

the

program

Locations

2E2 and 2E3 (Hex)

in

3.

Initialization

program

from

4000to41 FF

will

execute.

STRUCTURE

OF

A COMPOUND

FILE

4. The RUN address 4200 (Hex) is

Main

5.

In

the the where

Before compound together. FI LE is

not ing Editor

the

illustratedinAppendixI.The

tion

C.

COpy

When

ment of BINARY pound

program

until

a RETURN (RTS) is

caseofcompound

now

appended

files

have

considering

fileisconstructed

This can be

option

compatible

theL.BINARY

cartridgeisdesired,analternate

K. BI

NARY

codeisincluded

File.

K. BI

NARY

(after

compound

LOAD

files.

from

files

been

the

with

its

append

with

LOAD

SAVE

SAVE is used,

the

first

one)

file

thatiscompatible

optionofDOS

4200to4FFF beginstoexecute

executed,

files,

the

were

created.

appended.

of

doneinoneoftwo

option.Acompound

the

Assembler

optionofDOS

option

with

every

are

we

only

NOT

II,

storedinMemory

or a or

resultismore

The

lookatthe

various

Editor

II.Ifcompatibility

waytocreateacompound

have

been

real

differenceisthat

segment

the

includedinthe

however,iscompatible

whenacompound

additional

with

complicated,

structureofa

binary

files

ways.

One

file

loader,

discussing.

identification

the

Assembler

final

Locations

and

that

wayisto

created

althoughitcanbeloaded

The

file.

2EO and 2E1 (Hex).

will

continuetodo

occurs.

dependingonhow

illustrates

compound

have

been

use

with

two

typesoffiles

the

FFFF (Hex)

fileiscreated

codes

Thisisthe

Editor

cartridge.

with

both

several cases

file.

appended

theC.COpy

this

command

the

Assembler

fileisto

identifica-

for

each

only

The

typesofcom-

so

A

us-

use

are

using

seg-

form

L.

Now

consider various they being

Example 3:

Suppose dress type

INIT

were

partofthe

you

included

mightbecreated.

what

happens

and

RUN addresses

appended.

dataineach

have

three

in its

data.

SELECT

fti:J1!liJ,;,'7;

K

SAVE FILE-GIVE

PART1.0BJ,

SELECT

K

';:1"Jil'4;'!.'j

SAVE

PART2.0BJ/A,

SELECT

Figure

4-14

whenacompound

were

(It

will

help

youtothinkofthe

segment,

files,

eachofwhich

The

example

ITEM

OR

RETURN

FILE,

2000, 21 FF" 2000

ITEMORRETURN

ITEM

ITEM-OR

ITEM

Using

RETURN-FOR

2200,

OR

RETURN

Binary

file

like

specified

which

in Figure 4-14 shows

for

they

has a RUN address,

FOR MENU

START,

END, INIT, RUN

rJ;lt",m

FOR MENU

MENU

23FF"

2200

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

FOR MENU

Save to Save

Compound

thisisloaded-supposing

eachofthese

INIT

and

are

essentially.)

one

SelectingaDOS

files

RUN

addresses as

butnoINIT

wayafileofthis

Files

Menu

before

Option

ad-

41

The

other

PART1.0BJ,

COpy

or C. new

fileisloaded?

1.

PART1.0Bj

two

files,

can

thenbemerged

FI LE

loads,

PART2.0Bj

option

but

with

does

and

the

not

PART3.0Bj

into

WHOLE.OBj

append

execute

option.

(no

that

by

What

INIT).

are

using

created

happens

the

theK.BINARY

now

same

when

way

SAVE

as

this

2. RUN address

PART2.0Bj

3.

4. RUN address PART1.0Bj

PART3.0Bj

5.

RUN

6.

7.

address

PART20Bj

Execution

of

the

file.

for

PART1.0Bjisstored

loads,

but

for

PART2.0Bj

RUN address

loads,

but

for

PART3.0Bj

RUN address

begins at RUN addressofPART3.0Bj

Example 4:

another

For file,

BICFILE.OBj.

and

that

SEC1.0Bj SEC2.0Bj SEC3.0Bj

loadedontopofSEC10Bj

When

exampleofa

Suppose

has an has no

has an

BICFILE.OBjisloaded,

INIT

address,

INIT

or RUN address,

INIT

address and a RUN address

does

not

does

not

compound

each

segment

but

the

in 2EO and 2E1.

execute

is

execute

is

no RUN address,

following

(no

stored

(no

stored

file

(Figure 4-15),

loads

in 2EO and 2E1,

events

INIT).

since

you

considerathree-segment

intoadifferent

for

SEC2.0Bj

occur.

which

are

and, in

overwrites

nowatthe

areaofmemory

addition,

end

is

42

Selecting

a DOS

Menu

Option

SEG1.0B) is

SEG1.0B)

SEG2.0B) is

SEG3.0B) is

SEG3.0B)

SEG2.0B)

Clearly, load

and

this

option

execute

Example 5:

To

convertanexisting

to

memory Menu address necessarily

spaceonthe

the

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Figure 4-15 Converting an Existing Load-Only File to a Load-and-Co File

Note: This Computer

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Figure 4-16 Using the Binary Load Option

Selecting

a DOS

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43

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Figure 4-18 Creating a

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grammed tion.Inthis the to

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SelectingaDOS

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o

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47

Example 2:

SELECT

o

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COPYING---D1:

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SELECT

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Example 3:

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o

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RETURN

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48

SelectingaDOS

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INSERT SOURCE DISK,

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TYPE

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INSERT SOURCE DISK,

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Figure 4-20

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File

Option

5

BASIC

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the

program.

5-1).Ifyou

the

when

mustbeabletostand

the

at

which

another

file

programmers

will

table

drive

DOS

BASIC

have

LOAD

the

first

program.

time

example).

the

are

load

from

into

EX.

com-

a

com-

pro-

of

the

More

User

Information

49

100 110

REM LOAD

Chain program

"01:

CHAIN.BAS"

Figure 5-1

SAVE (S.)

Format: Example:

This

command filespec stores

LIST (L.)

name

programsintokenized

Formats: LIST

filespec

SAVE

"D1:

EXAMP2.

causes

the

computer

designatedinthe

filespec device

Examples: LIST

One

useofthe

takeaprogram

can with

any

name

"D:

DATFIL.LST"

LIST

"P:"

LIST

"P:",

LIST

command

from

you

wanttoassign it

10,

user

programisstoredinstandard formattingofdata showninthe D:, D2:, etc.),oryou (e.g..

"P:",

100, 200).

above

storage

format

can

also

examples,

specify

ExampleofProgram

BAS"

systemtosave a

command.

form.

,Iineno

100

in BASIC is

program

very

RAM

(illustratedbythe

AT ASCII

allow

text LISTtobe you

can

line

numberstobe

Chaining

programondiskette

SAVE is

the

similartothe

and

storeitontoaparticular

first

and

notastokens.

much

more

specifyasingle

listedtoa

with

complementofLOAD

SAVE

command

example).

However,

Differencesinthe

flexible

device

designated

than

SAVE. As

(e.g., P:, E:,

device

the

and

as it

drive

the

C;

If

youdonot

willbedisplayedonthe

specifyadevice

screen. The screen (E:) is

after

the

LIST

command,

always

any

the

line

numbers

default

device

you

for

enter

this

command.

In

summary, standard save

tokenized

the

AT ASCII

principle

texttoa

BASIC

difference

numberofdifferent

programs

on a

between

diskette.

LIST and SAVE is

devices

whereas

that

LIST

SAVE can

moves

only

ENTER (E.)

Format:

Example:

This

command filespec as

the

BASIC

data program,

ENTE R ENTER

causes

into

RAM. is received. ENTER,

loaded.Ifthere gram

being

entered

More

User

50

Information

but

are

filespec "D:

L1ST2.LST"

the

computertomoveafileondiskette

The

programisenteredinuntokenized

will

merge

duplicate

will

replace

unlike

the

line

numbersinthe

the

LOAD,

RAM-resident

same

lineinthe

will

not

program

two

programs,

RAM-resident

with

the

referenced

form

and is

interpreted

destroyaRAM-resident

and

the

disk

file

being

the

lineinthe

pro-

program.

INPUT/OUTPUT

CONTROL

BLOCKS

RUN

Format: Example:

This

command

is a

combinationofthe

mand

can

"D2:

L1ST.LST"

To

chain

cally,

you

ever,

the

variablesordatainRAM

make

sure

RAM-resident

An

I/O specificationofthe the

buffer

usuallyO.ATARI

•

10CB

•

10CB

•

RUN

filespec

RUN

"D2:

causes

only

be used

command.

programs

can use a

second

you

operationiscontrolled

address, and

#0 is used by BASIC

#6 is used by BASIC

#7 is used by BASIC

and cause a

RUN

program

have

saved it on a

first

segment

I/O

BASIC sets up

MYFILE.BAS"

the

computertoLOAD

two

commands,

with

tokenized

second

"D:

filespec"asthe

mustbeabletostand

from

the

when

operation,

two

more

for

files.

segmentofa

first

diskette,asthe

the

second

by an

consistingofthe

auxiliary

eight

10CB's

I/O

to

I/OtoS:

LPRINT,

and RUN

LOAD

program.

I/O

and RUN.

Therefore,

last

alone Before

RUN

segmentisloaded.

Control

control

and

dedicates

E:

CLOAD,

the

designated

However,

you

cannot

filetoload

lineofthe

without

running

statement

Block

typeofI/O,

variablesofwhich

and SAVE

and run

first

depending

the

will

(IOCB). An

the

threetothe

commands.

filespec.

the

RUN

com-

executeaRUN

automati-

segment.

first

wipe

buffer

the

How-

on

any

segment,

out

your

10CB

is a

length,

second

following:

It

is

IOCB's

WITH

INPUT/OUTPUT

COMMANDS

USING THE OPEN/CLOSE COMMANDS

10CB's#1through avoided tioned

Each mands

OPEN

The

itializes specific fined

unless a

above.

input/output

that

can be used in

OPEN/CLOSE INPUT/PRINT PUT/GET STATUS XIO

(0.)

Format:

Example:

OPEN

statement

any

CIO-related

optionstothe

in Figure 5-2.

10CB

OPE N

100

#5 can be used

program

command

OPEN

does

#0 can

#iocb,

neverbeopenedorclosed

must

connection

aexp1, aexp2,

#2, 8, 0,

linksaspecific

control

device

freely,

not

make

havean10CB

with

"D1:

ATARI800.BAS"

10CBtothe

variables

handler.

but

the

dedicated

useofoneofthe

associated

DOS

II are

filespec

appropriate

(see Glossary), and passes

The

parametersinthis

from

the

dedicated

a BASIC

with

following:

10CB's

it. The

device

statement

should

uses

program.

I/O

com-

handler, any

deviceare de-

be

men-

in-

More

User

Information

- 51

iocb

aexp1

#

Mandatory

A

number

Number

character

between

that

entered

1 and 7

determines

by user.

that

referstoa

the

typeofoperationtobe

deviceorfile.

performed.

Code

4 =

6 =

8 =

input disk output

operation;

directory

operation;

positions

input

positions

file

operation.

file

file.

9 =

end-of-file

append

operation; endoffile. Code9allows without

12

input

and

program

user pressing

output

operation;

input

1miI!Iir::J.

positions

startoffi Ie.

filespec

the

In

aexp2

example,

Device-dependent causes always Specific

Figure 5-2

OPEN

the

AT ARI

0 (zero).

file

ExplanationofOPEN

#2, 8, 0,

auxiliary

820™

designation

"D1:

ATARI800.BAS",

code. An 83 (ASCII S) in

Printertoprint

(see

Section1for

Statement

10CB

toafileonDrive1designatedasATARI800.BASIfthere

Drive1,the ment

opened,

DOS

destroys

the

that

screen

creates

file

displays

one. If a

filebythat

and creates a

an ERROR-129 (File

new

name one. If

Already

already

the

pointertostartoffile.

pointertostart

positions

from

screen

file

sideways;

filespec

Parameters

#2 is

opened

is no

filebythat

exists,

10CB

has

file

otherwise

definition).

the

pointer

editor

pointer

this

OPEN

already

of

position

for

Opened).

to

it is

output

name

state-

been

in

CLOSE

The

read/write the the

the the will

(Cl.)

Format: Example:

CLOSE

CLOSE 300 CLOSE #2

command

operations.

10CB

reference

10CB

has

already

same

10CBtoanother

screen. The same

not

getanerror

#iocb

releases

The

number

been

openedtoone

device

10CB

cannot

message if

10

OPEN #1, 8, 0,

the

used in

without

you

10CB

following

the

OPEN

be used

closeafile

that

had been

the

mandatory#mustbethe

device

closing,

for

more

liD:

FIl.BAS"

statement

and an

the

that

(see

attemptismadetoopen

first

than

one

has

already

previously

example

ERROR-129

device

been closed.

opened

displays

at a

for

same as

below). If

on

time.

You

20 ClOSE #1

Figure

5-3

ExampleofOpening

Note:

The

END

command

More

User

52

Information

will

close

all

open

files

and

(except

Closing

10CB

a File

#0)

USINC THE INPUT/PRINT

COMMANDS

INPUT (I.)

Format:

Examples:

command

This device. assumed

100 100

is usedtorequest

INPUTisthe

tobefrom

5

REM

7

REt"l

10

20 DHl

30 ?

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

35 3B

40

45

50

55

ss

60

70

75 00

85

90

INPUT

OPHi

#2; X, Y #2; N$

data

(either

complementofPRINT.

the

default

**CREATE

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#1,

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀A฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

B.,

60)

device

DATA

l,HTH

e.

-n

."

INPUT

REt1 PRHH

RHl

CLOSE

฀฀฀฀฀฀

REt1

฀฀฀฀฀฀

REt"l

฀฀฀฀฀

REr',

CLOSE

loJRT

$

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#1..

l,JPT$

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#1

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

CJF'Et'4

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#1.<

:n:

฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀฀

4.,0.."D'

#1.,

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

PRIt·H

฀฀฀฀฀

(:LCJ::;E

#1

DATA

OAT

DATA

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

DATA

numericalorstring)

When

(E:).

INPUT

FILEtt

:::

CF.:EATE:::;

l·JPITE.

AFI

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

DAT"

฀฀฀฀฀

TO

DISKETTE:,;::;:;::

;,

LE:=i::::;:;

FILE

FOR

4

F::

A

DAT"

FI

LE::;:::L

used

withouta#iocb,

uses

record

฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

THAf{

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

F.'EAD

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

fromaspecified

I/O

(see PRINT).

FILE:';'::::·

60

the

data

is

In Figure 5-4, device). In Line 70, opened

PRINT

This

(PR.

Format:

Examples:

command

device

file.

with

or

the

Line35allows

1)

PRINT{#iOCb}

100 100 100 100

writes

same

Figure 5-4

the

INPUT

PRINT #2; X, Y PRINT

? C$

PRINT

an expression

10CB

statement

[{;}

[exp]

#2; A$

"X=",X

reference

Sample

INPUT/PRINT

usertotypeindataonthe

reads

the

p].

[ex

.. ]

(whether

number.

stringorarithmetic)tothe

Program

contentsofthe

keyboard

string

More

User

(default

from

opened

Information

the

53

If

no 10CB

whichisthe open,

ERROR-133

numberisspecified,

default

device.Ifthe

displaysonthe

the

system

informationisdirectedtoa

screen.

writes

the

expressiontothe

device

screen,

thatisnot

DIRECT ACCESSING

WITH

THE

NOTE/POINT

COMMANDS

PRINT end-of-line determined arithmetic the

The

charactersinlength.Ifyou IN PUT, it is

NOTE

Files are you can special

performs

keyboard

IN PUT

(NO.)

Format:

Example:

created

wanttoaccess

either

methodofaddressing

whatiscalled

characters

by

the

variable.Itcan

and

statement

besttoIim it

NOTE NOTE

sequentially

read

the

1

RH1

2

RH1

3

REt1

4

RH1

5

RH1

(9B Hex).

lengthofa

terminated

cannot

the

#iocb, #2, A, B

the

records

file

sequentially

฀฀฀฀฀฀

THI::;

FRIX1 THH1

PO

T.

20

DH1

A$(

OPEN

25

27

฀฀฀฀

30

RH1

READ

40

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

41

฀฀฀฀฀

I

tit

42

฀฀฀฀฀

IF

45 IFLair::

50

฀฀฀฀฀

55

F.H·1

STORE

60

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀

61

62

65

70

90

95

100 pF.:lt·n #2.; 0.; II ..

110 HiD

:;TOREPOHHEF:

REM

฀฀฀฀

PRHH

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

GOTO

REt"lIt·iDICATE

record

The

string

alsobethe

by

(generally)

PRINTarecordtothe

sizeofthe

avar,

and

the

PF.:DGRAt1 THE

ON

I

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

I/O.

sizeofa

printedtoa

lengthofa

mrD:Jri.'I

PRI NTE D

avar

are

normally

in a

file

in a

and

stopatthe

record

-

HOTE

you

::;TATHBH

READ:;

KEYBOARD

DI:3K

ARE

H·j

STORED

40)

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#2.,:3..0..

LWE

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DATF

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OF

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#1.,

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฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

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)=0

฀฀฀฀฀฀

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Ai

OF

DA:H.

i::i".''';

฀฀฀฀฀

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฀฀

Records

recordisarbitrary.

read a

are setsofbytes

diskette

stringofcharacters

record

disk

that

recordsto110

accessed

nonsequential

record

want.

CH10

฀฀฀฀฀฀

OF

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฀฀

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manner

you

want;

DATA

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urs

.

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# -

.' 1

separated

size can be

formatofan

entered

later

(directly), or,

you

from

than

want

need

by

110

to

If

you

a

Figure 5-5

54

More

User

Information

Sample

NOTE

Program

The

formerisvery

and

POINTtogive record computer you table.

This specified

next numberinthe Sector

following

keyboard

The

run, we used

This

and entries

without

know

use a

NOTE

command

10CB.

byteisto

numbers

program

input

printoutinFigure

sample

MEM.SAV

were

time-consuming

you

the

capability

going

through

what

record

command

gets

the

The

file

be readorwritten.

first

arithmetic

range

from1to

listing

intoaspecified

5-5

numbers,

program

files.

45,55,75,80,90,100,110.

but

was

Your

every

you

want.

before

valueofthe

pointer

and

representsasampleofthe

run

variable

sample

you

on a

sector

specifies

719

file

can

and

45

SECTOR

#

=

55

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#

=

75

SECTOR

#

=

80

SECTOR

#

=

90

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#

=

100

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#

=

l1f1

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

#

=

for

of

record

This

each

current

This

and and run

location.

type

diskette

byte

145

large

files,soDOSIIincorporates

accessingafile

that

precedes

requiresa"note"ofthe

write

and

file

pointer

the

exact

positioninthe

command

the

byte

illustrate

any

that

numbers

stores

current

numbers

one

NOTE

string

forA$upto40

contained

maybedifferent.

8'lTE

BYTE

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randomly.

it,

save

the

for

the

byte

numberinthe

range

wayofusing

program.Inthe

the

#=9

#

12

=

#

15

=

#

is

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=

24

#

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NOTE

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gettoa

you

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file's

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returned

the

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from0to

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'-'

value

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using

file

where

disk

sector

second.

124.

NOTEtostore

sample

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the

so

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the

The

Figure

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5-6 is

(P.)

Format: Example:

POINTisthe bitrary specified specifies the NOTE is

value

file

(points

command,

between0and

Figure 5-6

the

sample

POINT

100

complement

determinedbythe

locations

to)

number

124.Ifyou

POINT

the

run

#iocb,

(sector

sector

into

sector

#2, A, B

of

which

Sample

that

appearsonyour

avar,

avar

NOTE.

number,

number point

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arithmetic

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byte)

the

outof

RunofNOTE

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variables.

into

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and

the

second

byte

will

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an

opened

Program

screen.

sets

the

file

pointertoan ar-

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arithmetic

be readorwritten.Aswith

file,

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719

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arithmetic

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get

More

User

when

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a File

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specifies

byte

reading

variable

the

range

Number

55

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contain

gram

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When

run,

order

from

error

message.

an

exampleofthe

this

program

the

way

1

REt"1

2

฀฀฀

3

REt'1

4

฀฀฀

113

20

25

30

35 40

45

50

613

70

฀฀

913 95

100 110

1213 130

The

example

prints

it was

writtentothe

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

THIS CREATED

THE

OH1

8( 2(1) 1 )

OH1

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OPEN

฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀฀

฀฀฀฀

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FOR

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(Figure

command

diskette.

POH1T

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to

command.

input

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THE

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FILF

DATFIL.

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5-7)

read

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and

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byteinreverse

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pro-

140

After

Figure

you

5-8 is

type

the

150 1613

the

sample

INPUT LPRWT

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SECTOR

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Figure 5-7

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run.

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and

145

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Program

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110

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100 SECTOR 913 SECTOR

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PUT

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The

PUT

by

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filesorto

PUT 100

command

IOCB

reference

you

eachofwhich

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70

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aexp

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each

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byte

57

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that

INPUT/PRINT PRINT to

separating large

inserts

determinearecord.

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type

Figure 5-11 is

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Figure 5-10

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together

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Figure

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100

STATUS #5, ERROR

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the

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#1

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=5 #3=67 #4=54 #5=68

for

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the

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print

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the

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each

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entries

2,5,67,54,68.

(state)ofa

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file.

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58

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buffer device filename?

diskette?

locked?

available?

number?

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no, If no, If

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then then then then

then

ERROR-161 ERROR-20 ERROR-170 ERROR-170

ERROR-167

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all

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a STATUS

command.

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Device Device

Serial bus Serial bus Serial bus Device

To use this

file. XIO associate a

Figure 5-12

ment.

timeout

not

done

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command

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acknowledged error data

frame

checksum

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allows

filename

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open

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59

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SUBSTITUTING THE XIO COMMAND

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file.

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command

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5 7

9

11 12 13

32

33

35 36

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when

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GET GET PUT PUT CLOSE STA TUS Request RENAME OELETE LOCK UNLOCK

the

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generalINPUT/OUTPUT

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wanttoperform

the

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for

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need filespecs.

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OPERATION

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FILE

device

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someofthe

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3, #1, 4, 0, 5, #1, 0, 0,

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EXAMPLE

13, #1, 0, 0,

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for

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Figure 5-13 can

enter

XIO

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neededbythe

Line 20

opened

proper

to

the

XIO

statement

erased.

60

More

User

Information

EXAMPLE OF

allows

the

names

defines

withanXIO

file.

The

file.

The

XIO

youtocreateafile

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birthdaysofyour

program,

the

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the

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400

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USES

each

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the

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the

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ER

(1-12)11

110

TRAP

120

TSTEND=0

130

MONTH=HH(

140

OTO

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GOSU8

150

FILE$(12)=STR$(MONTH)

160

EOF=0

170

TRAP

180

TRAP

190

200

210 220

;"

ARE:lI:?

224 225 226

'i..'27

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

IF

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700:XIO

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EOF=EOF+1

IF

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310

320

330INPUT 340?"PLEASE

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350

360

370 ATEt:GOTO

380

390

19,0JFILE$:GOTO

400 410 420 430

440

450

600

YS

I

REM

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ENTRIESIN8IRTHDAYS

"WOULD

ENTR'y'lI:

IF

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61

When

you

run

to

see

whetherornot

will

display selected.Ifyou and

their

birthdays names failsafe partofthe birthday

and

birthdays

featuresoyou

610

MONTH=MONiH+l

฀฀฀฀

IF

t10HTH:>12

630

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

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700

1001 1002 1003

1004

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1007

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this

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have

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MON$=".JAt·iUAR'y'II: t10N$=IIFEBPUAV:'II: t10H$=lIt-t:iRCH MOt·U=IIAF'F:

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

t10N$=II.JUt·jE

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฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

t-1Ot·i$=1I0CiOBEP":

฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀฀

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Figure

program,

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month).

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month

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SAVING

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62

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AND

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cannot

which

an

untokenized Tokenized used form.Inthat

diskette

modify program thenbeloaded

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160 165

170

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190

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Figure 5-16

Sample

Program to Create a Data File

More

User

Information

65

OPEN

AND

To access

filebythat

no retrieve

1.

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the

data

file,

D: CHECKS,

nameonthe

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fromaprogramondiskette:

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diskette,

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100,12.51, 101,24.35, 102,102.67,

JOHN GEORGE

HEAVY

Data Program

in Figure 5-17 is

SMITH

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storedondiskette.

0, 0

Figure 5-18 The

66

More

User

Information

StoredonDiskette

ACCESSING

DAMAGED

FILES

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1. The to

2.

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are

the

two

typesofdamaged

disk

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Figure 5-19

the

read

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damaged

the

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fall

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an ERROR

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actual

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in Figure 5-19.

the

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diskettetoavoid

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numberofsectors

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which

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sector(s).

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this

within

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to

further

THE AUTORUN.

SYS

FILE

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file

itselfisdamaged,

transfer

When

automatically boot returnedtoyou. thatisloaded, executed

Figure 5-20 ifacartridge DOS

allow

each

an

AUTORUN.SYS

the

system. This

as soon as

illustrates

initialization

the

use

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sector

be

loaded

entire

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useofAUTORUN.SYStobootupdirectly

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file

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code

normally

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file

every

time system is

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return,orif

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will

you

code

then

even

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be

67

completed storage COLDST

before

locations:

shouldbeclearedto00 and

proceeding.

COLDST

This is

at address 244 (Hex) and

donebymodifying

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is setto01.

two

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at address 9 (Hex).

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decimal

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these codes have been

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15000 15002 15005 15006 15008

entered

SAVE

selection

number

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the

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value

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turn

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of

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COLDST

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run address at

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Kli.lII.!!m

SAVE-GIVE FILE, START, END

AUTORUN.SYS, 3A98,

SELECT

Figure 5-20

68

More

User

Information

An

AUTORUN.SYS

ITEM

OR RETURN FOR

Example

3AA2"

for

the

Advanced

[,INIT,RUN] 3A98

MENU

User

6

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

ATARI DISKETTES

ABOUT

AT ARI that each scratched,orcontaminated.

Each The Drive density technique much

same to double-density should

Onceadiskette

not

double-density typesofdrives

the

Diskettes

used on cassette tape. Each AT ARI

is sealed in a

disk

ATARI

is a

diskettes

datainthe

way.

guarantee

not

be used in a

typeofdriveonwhich

THE

are

drive

requires

810

Disk

double-density

and

requires a

The

differenceisthat

they

diskette

use a

blank,

has been

double-density drive. and

DISK

thin,

mylar,

special

same space.

will

diskettes,

black

the

diskette

Drive

is a

disk

single-density

higher

quality

work

with

should

The reverse is also

workaswell

single-density

formatted

be sure

it was

circular

jacket

single-density

drive.

Both

the the

disk

formatted.

sheets Diskette designedtoprotectitfrom

created

The essential

diskettesisthat

recording

typesofdiskettes double-density double-density

diskette

for

use

drive

unless

true.Ifyou

that

you

DRIVE

covered

is 5 1/4 inches in

specificallytooperate

drive

and

difference

the

surfacesothat

diskettes

recording

on a

single-density

on a

double-density

withasingle-density

you

reformat

have

clearly

label

SYSTEM

withanoxide

the

ATARI

double-density

it can

are

manufacturedinthe

have

techniques.Ablank

a system

each

similar

diameter

being

with

that

815

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between

been

disk

the

disketteonthe

diskettetoshow

store

drive,

drive

that

double-

recording

twice

pretested

but

drive.

uses

to

and

bent,

drive.

Disk

as

you

it can-

both

ATARI810

DISK

DRIVE

ATARI 815

DISK

DRIVE

DUAL

The AT ARI 810

ties.Ituses (CX8104), (CX8202), and AT ARI 810

thousand)

(88

which

gives it an

notinconstant

The

AT ARI 815 recording bytesofdataoneach

Disk

810

Like

the

AT ARI 810

diskettes,

Dual

815 ATARI Eachofthe device

810

number.

Disk

Drive

standard51/4

ATARI

technique.Asector

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but

Disk

bytes.

can

Drive

Disk

two

810

The

automatic

operation,

Dual

Disk

can

storeinone

Disk

store

has a

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drives

is a

inch

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Formatted ATARI

stand-by

but

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sector,

Drive,

over

built-in

the

ATARI

within

single

drive

with

flexible

Diskettes

810

waitstobe

unit

on a

whichistwice

sector.

this

163K

microprocessortocontrol

815

the

diskettes:

(CX8100),

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Disk

capability.

contains

diskette

dual

bytesoneachofits

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AT ARI 815

II (CX8111),

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"told"

two

createdonthis

the

drive

also

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single-density

AT ARI 810

ATARI

containsabuilt-in

This means

when

it is needed.

drives

numberofbytes

uses

standard

Drive

has a

Disk

Drive

Information

recording

Master

810/815

eachofwhich

the

and

uses a

drive

two

diskettes. the built-in

has its

About

the

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Blank

Diskettes

stores 88K

microprocessor

disk

drive

double-density

can

store

that

the

51/4

inch

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drives.

Unlike

power

own

individual

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capabili-

motor

256

AT ARI

flexible

AT ARI

the

supply.

System

II

is

69

DISK DRIVE

OPERATION

When

you matically spins

within

is

placed

When

the

over

you

computer

areasofthe

When

you

so

the

areaofthe

drive's

microprocessor

insertadiskette

placedonthe

its

protective

the

read/write

store

data

on a

console

oxide

retrieve

into

coatingofeach

data

diskette

into

the

disk

drive

hub

and

jacket.

When

surface.

diskette,

coded

the

electrical

diskette

fromadiskette,

where

controls

the

drive,

the

diskette

you

access

disk

drive

pulses. These pulses

while

the

disk

dataisstored

positioning

the

drive

and

spindle

holeinthe

is seated.

the

diskette,

converts

the

disketteisspinning.

positions

passes

timingofthe

The

circular

the

data

it receives

magnetize

the

beneath

diskette.

centerisauto-

diskette

magnetic

head

from

minute

magnetic

head

it.

The

disk

70

Additional

Information

About

the

Disk

Drive

System

APPENDIX A

ALPHABETICAL DIRECTORY

Note:

The

RESERVED

WORD

CLOSE

DOS

END

ENTER

OF BASIC RESERVED

USED

periodismandatory

ABBREVIATION

WITH

after

all

CL.

DO.

E.

DISK OPERATIONS

abbreviated

I/O clusionofI/O

This The Passes

Stops off CONT. in a

I/O in lines RAM, you before

RAM.

keywords.

statement

command

menu

sounds.

program.)

command

untokenized

control

program

(Note:

are

entered

ENTER

don't

using

contains

want

WORDS

BRIEF

SUMMARY

OF BASIC STATEMENT

usedtocloseadisk operations.

causes

from

execution,

Program

END

usedtoretrievealisted

will

ENTER

the

menutobe

all

DOS

utility

cartridgetoDOS

closes

may

be used

(textual)

whenaprogramisresident

programs

merge

to

form.Ifa

loadaprogram

be

the

two

merged,

files,

restarted

more

fileatthe

displayed.

selections.

utilities.

and

than

program

programs.

type

con-

turns using

once

or

in

If

NEW

into

GET

INPUT

LIST

LOAD

NOTE

OPEN

GE.

I.

L.

LO.

NO

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Used

with

disk

of

data

intoaspecified

device.

This

command

device.

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ofaprogramtoa

I/O

in

This

number

pointer

Opens

operations.

allowed

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command

tokenized

command

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in its

the

on a

default

form fromaspecified

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specified

Determines

file.

operation

requests

device

outputs

specified

usedtoretrieve

stores

current

arithmetic

to

variable

data

is E: (Screen

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untokenized

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file

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inputasingle

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version

a saved

numberofthe

input

type

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or

of

operations

Append

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output

byte

sector

file

ix A 71

RESERVED

WORD

POINT

PRINT

ABBREVIATION

P.

PRo

or?

This

command

toaspecified

diskette.

I/O

command

to

specified

BRIEF

OF BASIC

is used in

location

causes

output

deviceinrecord

SUMMARY

STATEMENT

setting

(sector

output

from

the

and

byte)onthe

the

format.

file

pointer

computer

PUT

RUN

SAVE

STATUS

TRAP

XIO

PU.

R.

S.

ST.

T.

x

Causes

character, device.

Both

filespec.

I/O ofaprogram device.

Calls

Directs

case

tain

Ceneral

form

commands.

output

from

loads

statement

status

execution

ofaprogram

controlofprogram

I/O

DOS

ofasingle

the

and

starts

usedtorecordatokenized

in a

specified

routine

statement

Menu

for

toaspecified

error,

selections

byteofdata;

computer

execution

specified

allowing

and

recover

used in a

file

device.

programtoper-

and

i.e., a

toaspecified

of

designated

version

on a

specified

line

number

usertomain-

from

errors.

specified

I/O

in

72

Appendix

A

APPENDIX B

NOTATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY

SYSTEM RESET

RETURN

CAPITAL LETTERS

,./:;

"

Press

the

IftiWilil11ii1

Press

the

ii1iimmlkeyonthe

Brackets.

Ellipsis. An repeat do

so.

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Capital functions

Punctuation in

the

bracketsorbraces.

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the

optional

Items

letters

you

format

enclose

ellipsis

item

marks.

following

item

stacked

you

are usedtoindicate

must

type

These

ofacommand

USED

keyonthe

keyboard.

optional

any

numberoftimes,

verticallyinbraces wanttoinsert.

exactlyasthey

punctuation

WITH DOS II

keyboard.

items.

an

iteminbrackets

commands,

or

statement.

indicate

Select

appear.

marks

indicates

but

are

you

only

onetoputinyour

statements,

mustbetypedasshown

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you

not

required

haveachoice

and

other

do

not

can

type

to

cmdno

exp

aexp

aexp1

aexp2

filespec

10CB

Command

Expression. In arithmetic,

Arithmetic constant, operator

Arithmetic auxiliary

Arithmetic

second OPEN. 820

to

83.

File the

Drive

Input/Output evaluatestoa deviceorfile. should

number.

logical,

expression.

or

(aop).

expression1.This

I/O

expression

auxiliary

Usuallyitis set

Printertoprint

specification.

device

1.

only

whereitis

be usedifthe

Used in

this

manual,

and

two

arithmetic

control

I/O

sideways,

Usuallyastring

Control

number

10CB

XIO

commands.

expressions

string

expressions.

Generally

expressions

arithmetic

byte

when

used in

2. This

control

toO.If,

located,

Block

from1to7.The

0 is

reserved

arithmetic

byte

however,

you

e.g.,

(IOCB). An

Screen

are

divided

composed

when

would

expression

"D1

for

BASIC

Editorisnottobe used.

ofavariable,

separated

expression

commands

expression

used in

you

wanttodirect

set

this

:MYPROG.BAS"

arithmetic 10CB

for

into

byanarithmetic

represents

suchasOPEN.

commands

arithmetic

that

referstoa

expression

is usedtorefertoa

the

Screen

three

function,

the

represents

such

the

ATARI

expression

file

forafile

Editor

types:

first

the

as

and

on

that

and

Appendix

B 73

lineno

Line

number.Aconstant

deferred

o

through

mode

32767.

execution.

BASIC

Line

that

identifiesaparticular

program.Aline

numbering

number

determines

program

canbeany

the

order

line

integer

of

program

in a

from

var

avar

mvar

svar

Variable. metic

(svar).

Arithmetic Variable must

Matrix

Any

variables

variable.

names

start

withanunreversed,

variable.

arrayormatrix.

String

variable.Alocation

variable.Inthis

(avar),

A

matrix

location

canbefrom1to

Also

calledasubscripted

whereastringofcharacters

manual,

variables

whereanumeric

120

alphanumeric

uppercase

alphabetic

(mvar),

variable.

are

classifiedasarith-

or

string

value

characters,

character.

An

elementofan

maybestored.

variables

is

stored.

but

74

Appendix

B

APPENDIX

C

Note:

ERROR

NO.

2

3

4

Error

messages 2

I

nsuffic

Memory

Value

Too Variables

AND

through

ERROR

NAME

ient

Error

Many

21

HOW

should

You statement,orto

Delete

memory.

Manual

Either negative pected

You of no

Reference

ERROR

TO

only

occur

when

do

not

have

any

unused

(See

for

memory

the

expected

or

the

range.

have

exceeded

variable

longer

names

applicable.

Manual.)

MESSAGES

RECOVER

runningaBASIC

CAUSE

RECOVERY

enough

dimensionanew

Section

value

AND

memory

variable

conservation.)

the

and

namesoradd

11,

positive

was

maximum

must

(See

string

BAS IC

not

within

delete

Section

program.

to

integer

number

any

11,

store

the

variable.

more

Reference

was

the

ex-

(128)

that

are

BASIC

11

12

5

6

7

8

9

String

Length

Error

OutofData

Error

Line

Number Creater 32767

Input Statement

Error

Array String

Error

Floating Overflow! Underflow

Line

Found

Than

or

DIM

Point

Not

You

have

attempted

a

location

you

have

DIM

You statements

Check suchasCOTO

You value able

The

DIM

or

32767 mensioned; dimensioned

You

have

fer to a

1 E-99,orgreater

A

COSUB,

existent

past

used

size.Donot

do

not

have

for

line

number

have

attempted

intoanumeric

types

arid/or

size

for

strings;anarrayorstring reference arrayorstring.

attempted

number

COTO,

line

number.

to

read

fromorwrite

the

dimensioned

zero

as a

reference

use

zero

as an

index.

enough

the

READ

and

RESTORE.

input

exceeds

with thanorequalto1 E-98.

or

data

statements.

references

to

input

variable

data.

5460

was

to

divide

an

absolute

THEN

Check

for

made

by

referencedanon-

string

index.

in

your

in

statements

a

non-numeric

your

numeric

was

to

zeroorto

value

less

into

size

Enlarge

DATA

vari-

arrays

redi-

an

un-

re-

than

or

Appendix

C 75

ERROR

NO.

13

14

15

ERROR

NAME

No

Matching

FOR

Line

Too

Long

Error

COSUBorFOR Line

Deleted

You

have

buffer

A

and

deleted

statement

FOR.

exceeded

length

or the

since

CAUSE

RECOVERY

was

the

RETURN

corresponding

the

last

statement

time

AND

encountered

BASIC

line

FORorCOSUB

the

program

without

processing

was

encoun-

was

a

was

run

16

17

18

19

20

21

Note:

other

128

129

The

following

accessory

RETURN

Syntax

VAL

Error

LOAD Too

Device Error

LOAD

are

devices.

BREAK

10CB*

Open

Error

Function

Program

Long

Number

File

Error

input/output

Further

Abort

Already

Check

statement.

The syntax.

The string.

You

program

You tween1and

You

BASIC created

errors

that

informationisprovided

User execution

OPEN

10CB

your

computer

Fix

string

don't

enteredadevice

attempted

tokenized

with

result

during

hit

statement

already

program

encounteredaline

the

line.

in a

VAL

statementisnotanumeric

have

enough

number

7.

to

loadanonload

file.

the

SAVE

command.

the

useofdisk

with

the

auxiliary

key

during

within

in use

for

memory

Tokenized

I/O

a

another

a

missing

with

to

that

was

drives,

hardware.

operation.

program

fileordevice.

COSUB

improper

load

not

file,

not

files

printers,

Stops

loop

your

be-

a

are

or

76

Appendix

You

have

tried

to

130

*IOCB

C

referstoInput/Output

Nonexistent Device

Control

error

850™

232-C currence without "D:MYFILE"

Block

handler

can

Interface AUTORUN.SYS

Check

Then

load

table;

a

your

occur

of

device;

I/O

and

this

accessadevice

i.e.,

the

deviceisundefined.

when

tryingtoaccess

Module

errorisspecifyingafilename

command

initialize

file.

i.e..

without

Another

"MYFILE"

for

the

correct

the

not

theATARI

running

common

instead

correct

handler.

in

the

This

the

RS-

device

oc-

of

ERROR

NO.

131

132

133

134

ERROR

NAME

10CB

Write-

Only

Illegal Handler Command

Device/File Not

Open

Bad

10CB

Number

You

have

attempted

for

Write-Only.

(read/write).

This

is a

CIO passed command mandtoa special command

You your wrong

You For BASIC, allow tridge

16

to

commands.

code

have

not

OPEN

file

specification.

have

useof10CBO.The requires

and

less

CAUSE

RECOVERY

to

read

Open

the

error

code.

the

device

is

either

handler

foranillegal

opened

statementorfile

tried

to

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range

the

than

128.

< = 2

that

Check

this

use an

is 1-7 as

10CB

handler

hasn't

indextobe a

AND

fromafile

file

for

readorupdate

The

common

is

or

is a

special

implemented

your

XIO

command

fileordevice.

I/O

statement

illegal

Assembler

10CB

BASIC

opened

illegal.

or code.

does

Editor

multiple

code

The

com-

any

10CB

Check

for

index.

not

car-

a

of

135

136

137

138

10CB

Write-

Only

Error

EndofFile

Truncated Record

Device

Timeout

You

have

triedtowritetoa

is

open

for

Read-Only.

update

Your file.

This are size

maximum

to

mand oriented)

When

the by device wrong spec); it is period;orit is cassette, mismeasuredorthe

Examine secure turned Check ber. have

(read/write).

input

file

is at

error

typically

readingislarger

specified

use an I N

on a

you

device

the

OS

numberiswrongorthe

device;

and

on

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disk

in

record

PUT

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that

commands,

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not

for

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unable

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tape

all

connections

check

and

set

command

the

command

drive

deviceorfile

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the

endoffile.

occurs

the

size

(record-oriented

was

respond

device

to

connected.Ifthe

baud

tape

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for

checked.

when

than

the

maximum

call

to

is

119

bytes.)

created

resultsinthis

over

within

command.

user

is

not

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disk

the

for

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rate

improperly

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correct

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file

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the

record

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with

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problem.

the

serial

the

period

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specified

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device

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sure

drive

error

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write

data

you

record

(BASIC's

trying

(byte-

bus,

set the the

(wrong

proper

is a

been

they

are

sure

it is

number.

num-

recurs,

or

in

Appendix

C 77

ERROR

NO.

139

140

ERROR

NAME

Device

Serial Error

NAK

Frame

The

device parameters device illegal the

computer. illegal check error,

cannot

such

might

commandorreceived

parameters your

I/O

so

refer

device.

Bit7of

means

the

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checked. oneata settes,

SKSTATin

that

communication

computerisgarbled.

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very

rare

than

once,

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time

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the

recovery

CAUSE

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as an

also

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and cables to

error

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to

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have

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improper

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retry

the

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is a

the

documentation

the

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from

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your

deviceorcomputer

also

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the

problem.

suggestedinError

because

sector.

command

command.

device

chip

is set.

the

fatal.Ifit

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peripherals

of

data

specific

for

device

occurs

For

138.

bad The

or

from

for

Also

that

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to

cas-

141

142

143

144

145

Cursor of

Range

Serial

Out

Bus

Overrun

Checksum

Device

Error

Illegal

Screen

Mode

Done

Error

Your

cursorisout

graphics

mode

you

parameters.

Bit5of did

not

SKSTATin

respond

f ast

interruptorPOKEY on

the

serial

bus process it

occurs

the

more

serviced.

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communications

bled.

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checksum sameasthat by

the procedure or

software

The

deviceisunable

mand.

You protected unable Remove

write-protect

other

devices.

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have

an

illegal

graphics

calculated

computer.

becauseitcouldbeeitherahardware

problem.

have

disketteordevice,orthe

to

read/write

the

write-protect

switch

triedtoopen

graphics

mode

callorthe

of

range

for

chose.

POKEY

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is set.

enoughtoa

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before

word.

once,

on

the

the This

have

serial

sentbythe

for

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to

either

to

standard

executeavalid

triedtowritetoa

the.

tab

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specific

the

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number.

aux2

the

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the

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computer

serial

bus

8-bit

computer

is a

rare

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computer

bus

deviceisnot

frame

received

recovery

disk

requested

or

turn

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Editor

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byteinthe

pixel

input word

could

error.

are

com-

write-

drive

sector.

off

your

10CB.

If

gar-

the

is

the

for

with

78

Appendix

C

ERROR

NO.

ERROR

NAME

CAUSE

RECOVERY

AND

146

147

160

161

162

163

Function Implemented

Insufficient RAM

Drive Error

Too OPEN

Disk

Unrecoverable System

Number

Many

Files

Full

I/O

Not

Error

The

handler tryingtoPUTtothe commands command correct

Not

enough

selected.

mode

You

specifiedadrive

did

not

drrve

was Section1of byte

1802

You

don't

on

another number sure no

You

don't diskette. sectors.

This

error

bug

in it.

Try

using

does

to

the

for

the

device.

RAM

Add

more

that

doesn't

allocateabuffer

not

powered

this

manual.

for

numberofdrive

have

any

file.

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of

allocated

files

are

open

have

any

Use a

other

means

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different

DOSorthe

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not

contain

keyboard

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right

for

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upatboot

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that

command

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graphics

for

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sector

Location

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the

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diskette

the

or

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buffers

buffers.

function;

issuing

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your

and

mode

use a

graphics

memory.

was

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drive,oryour

time.

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your

filespec

allocated.

buffers

1801

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notbeopen.

sectors

that

has

Manager

maybebad.

e.g.,

special

I/O the

you

1-8,

to

use

for

the

make

on

this

free

has a

to or

164

165

166

167

168

File

Number

Mismatch

File

Name

POINT Length

File

Locked

Device

Invalid

Error

Data Error

Command

The

structure values sector off

have

on

Your it. Check filespec and

The

than Check

You poses tionCto mand.

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are

allocatedtoanother

and

retry

lost

diskette,

file

byte

125

the

have

other

that

device

of

wrong.

program

the

file.

then

reformat

specification

count

(single

interface.

in

density)

parametersinyour

triedtoaccess a

than

unlock

illegal

and

retry

the

fileisdamaged

Oneofthe

file.

execution.Ifthis

Trytorecover

the

has

illegal

remove

the

reading

the

Check

illegal characters.

POINT

or

253

it. Use

file

and

command

the

command.

or

file

links

pointstoa

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the

fails,

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diskette.

characters

call

was

(double

POINT

locked

documentation

DOS

retry

to

statement.

file

Menu

your

the

Append

POINT

system

you

files

greater

density)

for

pur-

op-

com-

device

ix C 79

in

for

ERROR

NO.

ERROR

NAME

CAUSE

RECOVERY

AND

169

170

171

172

173

Directory

Not

File

POINT

Illegal

Bad

Sectors

Format

Full

Found

Invalid

Append

Time

You

have

used

all

the

space

allocated

for

the

Directory.

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have

in

the

tion

A

filename

triedtoaccess a

diskette's

to

check

Directory.

the

andtobe sureitis on

file

Use

correct

that

DOS

spelling

the

doesn't

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diskette

of

exist

opthe

you

are accessing.

have

You opened

your

usedtoopen

You using files. using

at

The formatting you this your

triedtoPOINTtoa

for

UPDATE.

OPEN

statement

the

file.

have

triedtoopenaDOSIfile

DOS

II.

DOSIIcannot

COPY

disk

cannot

error

disk

the

DOS

II.

drive

a

diskette.

formatadiskette

occurs

drive

DOSIfiletoa

has

found

with

may

need

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or aux1

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more

byte

the

parameters

byteofthe

appendtoDOS

DOSIIdiskette

bad

another

with

than

repair.

in a

for

sectors

diskette,

bad

sectors.

one

file

not

10CB

append

while

diskette,

of

I

as

If

80

Appendix

C

APPENDIX D

ADDRESS CONTENTS

Decimal

65535

49152

49151

32768 8000

32767

varies

6781

6780 1A7C

5440 1540

5439 153F

1792 0700

1791

Hexadecimal

FFFF

COOO

BFFF

7FFF

cos

2S

1D7C 247C

1A7D

20

06FF 0600

38

C

DOS

FOR

OPERATING SYSTEM

CARTRIDGES

SCREEN DISPLAY AREA

USER PROGRAM AREA

SB7 SB6 SB5 SB4 SB3

Sector

Sector Drive4Buffer Drive3Buffer Drive2Buffer Drive1Buffer

MINI-DOS

(RAM

FILE

USER RAM

II

32K

Buffer Buffer

RESIDENT PORTION OF DUP)

MANAGEMENT

MEMORY

RAM

2

1

SUBSYSTEM

SYSTEM

DISK

UTILITY

PROGRAMS

BUFFER AREA

RESERVED

FOR DOS II

MAP

HIMEM**

LOMEM*

0

* Varies **Dependsonwhich

with

the

numberofDrive

Graphics

05FF 0000 OPERATING SYSTEM

and Sector Buffers reserved.

Modeiscurrently

in use.

RAM

Appendix

D 81

Note

1: For

PEEK

Locations

Note

2: To

the

BASIC FRE(O)

(HIGH)

Decimal.

given

Drive

2E7

determine

instructionorPEEK

Buffer

(LOW)

the

allocation

and 2E8

(HIGH)

amountofUser Program

and

Hexor743

Locations

Sector

Area

2ES

Buffer

(LOW)

allocation,

and 744

availableorHIMEM,

(LOW)

and 2E6

LOMEM

(HIGH)

can be

Decimal.

you

can

either

Hexor741

determined

make

(LOW)

and 742

use

by

of

82

Appendix

D

APPENDIX E

HEXADECIMAL TO

DECIMAL CONVERSION

FOUR HEX

4 3 2 1

HEX

0 00

1

2 3 4 16384 4 5 6 7 8 9 36864 9 2304 9

A 40960 A

B 45056 B 2816 B

C D 53248 D 3328 D 206

E F

DEC HEX

4096 1 8192 2

12288 3

20480 24576 28672 7

32768

49152

57344 E 61440 F

DEC

256

512 2 32

768

1024 5 6

8 2048 8 128

C 3072 C 192

1280

1536

1792

2560

3584 3840

0

DICITS

HEX

0 1

3

4

5 80

6

7

A

E 224 F

DEC HEX DEC

00 0

16

48 64 4 4

96

112 7 7

144 160 176

240 F 15

TABLE

1 2

3

55

6

88 99

A

B 11

C D 13

E

1 2

3

6

10

12

14

*Use

this

tabletoconvertupto

example,toconvert

For of

the

four

columnsinthe

1234

hex. =

Other

examples:

EEDD hex. =

AB hex. =

the

hex

number

table.

4096

+ 512 + +

4660 dec.

57344

+ 3584 + 208 + 13

61149 dec.

+ 11

171 dec.

four

For 1, use

48

4

160

hex digits.

1234todecimal,

the

column

add

the

number

entries

from

4, and so on.

Appendix

each

E 83

APPENDIX F

You r

new

DOSIIVersion technique than shippedtoyou. diskette data with decimal)

reliable.

POKE

for with

POKE

To

alter always FI LES)

from

that

rapid

data

withoutaRead

that

determines

Read

Verify

Write

To

1913,80

fast

Write

Read

Verify,

1913,87

the

boot

from

RAM

onto

customize

versionofDOS

in,

the

2.0S has

shouldbeused

transmissions).

To

save

time,

Verify.

whether

(50 hex, 80

without

(Write

simply

Disk

your

Read

your

without

type

Operating

diskette.

HOW

DATA

TO

TRANSFERS

TO DISK DRIVE

the

abiIitytoWrite

whenever

Thisisthe

however,

Memory

the

decimal)orWrite

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version

Read

storedondiskettesothat

DOS

and

System

improved

the

Location

File

Management

isofcourse

of

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then

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reliabilityismore

way

your

information

1913

without

DOSIIfrom

If

you

would

use an

"H"

SPEED

with

Read

DOSIIMaster

canbewritten

(decimal)

Subsystem

Read

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faster,

but

BASIC,

rather

your

custom

command

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Atari 1050 Reference Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual