Asus LSI SAS3442X-R User Manual

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USER’S

GUIDE

Integrated RAID for SAS

April 2007

Version 1.1

DB15-000357-01

Proprietary Rights Notice

This document contains proprietary information of LSI Logic Corporation. The information contained herein is not to be used by or disclosed to third parties without the express written permission of an ofﬁcer of LSI Logic Corporation.

Document Description

Document DB15-000357-01, Version 1.1 (April 2007) This document describes LSI Logic Corporation’s Integrated RAID (IR) software product and will remain the ofﬁcial reference source for all revisions/releases of this product until rescinded by an update.

Disclaimer

It is the policy of LSI Logic Corporation to improve products as new technology, components, software, and ﬁrmware become available. LSI Logic reserves the right to make changes to any products herein at any time without notice. All features, functions, and operations described herein may not be marketed by LSI Logic in all parts of the world. In some instances, photographs and ﬁgures are of equipment prototypes. Therefore, before using this document, consult your LSI Logic representative for information that is applicable and current. LSI LOGIC DOES NOT ASSUME ANY RESPONSIBILITY OR LIABILITY FOR THE USE OF ANY PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN EXCEPT AS EXPRESSLY AGREED TO IN WRITING BY LSI LOGIC.

LSI Logic products are not intended for use in life-support appliances, devices, or systems. Use of any LSI Logic product in such applications without written consent of the appropriate LSI Logic ofﬁcer is prohibited.

License Restriction

The purchase or use of an LSI Logic Corporation product does not convey a license under any patent, copyright, trademark, or other intellectual property right of LSI Logic or third parties.

Trademark Acknowledgments

LSI Logic, the LSI Logic logo design, Fusion-MPT, Integrated Mirroring, and Integrated Striping are trademarks or registered trademarks of LSI Logic Corporation. Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. All other brand and product names may be trademarks of their respective companies.

For a current list of our distributors, sales ofﬁces, and design resource centers, view our web page located at

http://www.lsi.com

iii

Audience

Preface

This user’s guide explains how to conﬁgure and use the components of the LSI Integrated RAID (IR) software product with LSI SAS controllers.

This user’s guide assumes that you have some familiarity with installing and conﬁguring software programs and that you are familiar with computer storage devices in general. The people who beneﬁt from this document are:

• VARs and OEMs who are evaluating the LSI IR software components

or who are using the IR software product in their computer systems

• End users who are using the IR software product to conﬁgure

mirrored or striped volumes on LSI SAS controllers.

Organization

This document has the following chapters and appendixes:

• Chapter 1, Introduction to Integrated RAID, provides an overview

of Integrated RAID for SAS controllers, its features, and its beneﬁts.

• Chapter 2, Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated

Mirroring Enhanced, provides an overview of the LSI Integrated

Mirroring™(IM) and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME) features.

• Chapter 3, Creating IM and IME Volumes, describes how to

conﬁgure IM and IME volumes with the BIOS-based conﬁguration utility.

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide v

• Chapter 4, Overview of Integrated Striping, provides an overview

of the LSI Integrated Striping

• Chapter 5, Creating Integrated Striping Volumes, describes how to

conﬁgure Integrated Striping (IS) volumes with the BIOS-based conﬁguration utility.

• Appendix A, Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility,

describes how to create IM, IME, and IS volumes using the CFGGEN IR conﬁguration utility (for manufacturing use only).

Conventions Used in This Manual

The ﬁrst time a word or phrase is deﬁned in this manual, it is italicized. Hexadecimal numbers are indicated by the preﬁx “0x” —for example,

0x32CF. Binary numbers are indicated by the preﬁx “0b” —for example, 0b0011.0010.1100.1111.

Revision History

™

(IS) feature.

Document Number Version/Date Remarks

DB15-000357-01 Version 1.1

April 2007

DB15-000357-00 Version 1.0

January 2006

vi Preface

Documented the following updated Integrated RAID support:

• Support for up to two volumes consisting of up to twelve drives per controller, plus one or two hot spare drives. In all, a maximum of 14 drives per controller.

• IM, IME, and IS volumes support up to ten drives.

• IM and IME arrays support one or two hot spares.

Deleted references to SCSI controllers from Appendix A. Made many low-level editing improvements.

Initial release of document.

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to Integrated RAID

1.1 Introduction 1-1

1.2 Integrated RAID Beneﬁts and Features 1-2

1.3 Using this Manual 1-3

Chapter 2 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

2.1 Introduction 2-1

2.2 IM and IME Features 2-2

2.3 IM/IME Description 2-3

2.4 Integrated RAID Firmware 2-5

2.4.1 Resynchronization with Concurrent Host I/O Operation 2-5

2.4.2 Metadata Support 2-5

2.4.3 Hot Swapping 2-6

2.4.4 SMART Support 2-6

2.4.5 Hot Spare Disk 2-6

2.4.6 Media Veriﬁcation 2-7

2.4.7 Disk Write Caching 2-7

2.4.8 NVSRAM Usage 2-7

2.5 Fusion-MPT Support 2-7

Chapter 3 Creating IM and IME Volumes

3.1 IM/IME Conﬁguration Overview 3-1

3.2 Creating IM and IME Volumes 3-2

3.2.1 Creating an IM Volume 3-3

3.2.2 Creating an IME Volume 3-5

Contents vii

3.3 Creating a Second IM or IME Volume 3-5

3.4 Managing Hot Spares 3-6

3.5 Other Conﬁguration Tasks 3-8

3.5.1 Viewing Volume Properties 3-8

3.5.2 Synchronizing an Array 3-8

3.5.3 Activating an Array 3-9

3.5.4 Deleting an Array 3-9

3.5.5 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a

3.5.6 Selecting a Boot Disk 3-10

Chapter 4 Overview of Integrated Striping

4.1 Introduction 4-1

4.2 IS Features 4-2

4.3 IS Description 4-2

4.4 Integrated Striping Firmware 4-4

4.4.1 Metadata Support 4-4

4.4.2 SMART Support 4-4

4.4.3 Disk Write Caching 4-4

4.5 Fusion-MPT Support 4-4

Volume 3-10

Chapter 5 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

5.1 IS Conﬁguration Overview 5-1

5.2 Creating IS Volumes 5-2

5.3 Creating a Second IS Volume 5-4

5.4 Other Conﬁguration Tasks 5-5

5.4.1 Viewing IS Volume Properties 5-5

5.4.2 Activating an Array 5-5

5.4.3 Deleting an Array 5-6

5.4.4 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a Volume 5-6

5.4.5 Selecting a Boot Disk 5-7

viii Contents

Appendix A Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

A.1 Hardware and Software Requirements A-2 A.2 CFGGEN Interface Description A-3 A.3 CFGGEN Commands A-3

A.3.1 Common Command Line Parameters A-4 A.3.2 CREATE Command A-5 A.3.3 DEFAULTS Command A-6 A.3.4 DISPLAY Command A-7 A.3.5 FORMAT Command A-10 A.3.6 HOTSPARE Command A-11 A.3.7 STATUS Command A-12 A.3.8 SETOFFLINE Command A-13 A.3.9 SETONLINE Command A-14 A.3.10 AUTO Command (EFI Version Only) A-15 A.3.11 DISABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only) A-16 A.3.12 ENABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only) A-17 A.3.13 LIST Command (EFI Version Only) A-18

Customer Feedback

Contents ix

x Contents

Figures

2.1 Typical Integrated Mirroring Implementation 2-4

2.2 Integrated Mirroring Volume 2-4

2.3 Integrated Mirroring Enhanced with Three Disks 2-5

3.1 Adapter Properties Screen 3-3

3.2 Create New Array Screen 3-4

3.3 Manage Array Screen 3-7

4.1 Integrated Striping Example 4-3

4.2 Integrated Striping - Logical and Physical Views 4-3

5.1 Adapter Properties Screen 5-3

5.2 Create New Array Screen 5-4

Contents xi

xii Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to Integrated RAID

This chapter provides an overview of the LSI Integrated RAID solution for LSI SAS controllers, its features, and its beneﬁts. The chapter includes these sections:

• Section 1.1, “Introduction,” page 1-1

• Section 1.2, “Integrated RAID Beneﬁts and Features,” page 1-2

• Section 1.3, “Using this Manual,” page 1-3

You can use the LSI Integrated RAID solution with the following LSI SAS controllers:

• LSISAS1064/1064E

• LSISAS1068/1068E

• LSISAS1078

1.1 Introduction

The LSI Integrated RAID solution provides cost beneﬁts for the server or workstation market where the extra performance, storage capacity, and/or redundancy of a RAID conﬁguration are required. The components of Integrated RAID are:

• Integrated Mirroring (IM), which supports two-disk mirrored arrays

and hot spare disks.

• Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME), which supports mirrored

arrays with three to ten disks, plus hot spare disks.

• Integrated Striping (IS), which supports striped arrays with two to

ten disks.

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide 1-1

By simplifying the conﬁguration options and by providing ﬁrmware support in its host adapters, LSI can offer the Integrated RAID solution at a lower cost than a hardware RAID implementation.

Fusion-MPT™ﬁrmware supports IM, IME, and IS volumes. You can create up to two Integrated RAID storage volumes on the same LSI SAS controller.

1.2 Integrated RAID Beneﬁts and Features

Integrated RAID has the following beneﬁts and features:

• Support for up to ten disks per IME or IS volume, with one or two

storage volumes per SAS controller. Each controller can support up to 12 volume disks, plus one or two hot spare disks, for a maximum of 14 disks per controller. (Support for this number of disks requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.)

• Support for two-disk IM mirrored volumes

• Low cost RAID volume creation meets the needs of most internal

RAID installations

• Easy to use - installation and conﬁguration are not complex

• System can boot from an IM, IME, or IS volume

• No special OS-speciﬁc software required

• High reliability and data integrity

– Nonvolatile write journaling – Physical disks not visible to OS or to application software

• Low host CPU and PCI bus utilization

• Fusion-MPT architecture provides processing power

– Shared memory architecture minimizes external memory

requests

– Functionality is contained in device hardware and ﬁrmware

1-2 Introduction to Integrated RAID

1.3 Using this Manual

• Chapters 2 and 3 of this User’s Guide list IM/IME features and

explain how to create IM/IME volumes and optional hot spare disks.

• Chapters 4 and 5 list Integrated Striping features and explain how to

create Integrated Striping (IS) volumes.

• Appendix A explains how to use the CFGGEN IR conﬁguration utility

to create IM, IME, and IS volumes in the manufacturing environment.

Using this Manual 1-3

1-4 Introduction to Integrated RAID

Chapter 2 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

This chapter provides an overview of the LSI Integrated Mirroring (IM) and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME) features. It includes these sections:

• Section 2.1, “Introduction,” page 2-1

• Section 2.2, “IM and IME Features,” page 2-2

• Section 2.3, “IM/IME Description,” page 2-3

• Section 2.4, “Integrated RAID Firmware,” page 2-5

• Section 2.5, “Fusion-MPT Support,” page 2-7

2.1 Introduction

As a result of the shift towards Network Attached Storage (NAS), ISPs need a cost effective, fault-tolerant solution to protect the operating systems on small form factor, high-density, rack-mountable servers. The LSI Integrated Mirroring (IM) and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME) features provide data protection for the system boot volume to safeguard critical information such as the operating system on servers and high performance workstations. The IM and IME features provide a robust, high-performance, fault-tolerant solution to data storage needs, at a lower cost than a dedicated RAID controller.

The IM and IME features support one or two mirrored volumes per LSI SAS controller, to provide fault-tolerant protection for critical data. The two volumes can have up to twelve disk drives total, plus one or two hot spare disks.

If a disk in an Integrated Mirroring volume fails, the hot swap capability allows you to restore the volume by simply swapping disks. The ﬁrmware then automatically re-mirrors the swapped disk. Additionally, each SAS

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide 2-1

controller can have one or two global hot spare disks available to automatically replace a failed disk in the IM or IME storage volumes on the controller. Hot spares make the IM/IME volume even more faulttolerant.

Note: You can also conﬁgure one IM or IME volume and one

Integrated Striping (IS) volume on the same LSI SAS controller.

The IM/IME feature uses the same device drivers as the standard LSI Fusion-MPT based controllers, providing seamless and transparent fault tolerance. This eliminates the need for complex backup software or expensive RAID hardware. The IM/IME feature operates independently from the operating system, in order to conserve system resources. The BIOS-based conﬁguration utility makes it easy to conﬁgure IM and IME volumes.

2.2 IM and IME Features

IM and IME support the following features:

• Conﬁgurations of one or two IM or IME volumes on the same LSI

SAS controller. IM volumes have two mirrored disks; IME volumes have three to ten mirrored disks. Two volumes can have up to 12 disks total. (Requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.)

• One or two global hot spare disks per controller, to automatically

replace failed disks in IM/IME volumes. (Support for two hot spares requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.) The hot spares are in addition to the 12-disk maximum for two volumes per SAS controller.

• Mirrored volumes run in optimal mode or in degraded mode (if one

mirrored disk fails).

• Hot swap capability.

• Presents a single virtual drive to the OS for each IM/IME volume.

• Supports both SAS and SATA disks. The two types of disks cannot

be combined in the same volume. However, an LSI SAS controller can support one volume with SATA disks and a second volume with SAS disks.

2-2 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

• Fusion-MPT architecture.

• Easy-to-use BIOS-based conﬁguration utility.

• Error notiﬁcation: the drivers update an OS-speciﬁc event log.

• SES status LED support.

• Write journaling, which allows automatic synchronization of

potentially inconsistent data after unexpected power-down situations.

• Metadata used to store volume conﬁguration on mirrored disks.

• Automatic background resynchronization while host I/Os continue.

• Background media veriﬁcation ensures that data on IM/IME volumes

is always accessible.

2.3 IM/IME Description

The LSI Integrated RAID solution supports one or two IM/IME volumes on each LSI SAS controller (or one IM/IME volume and one Integrated Striping volume). Typically, one of these volumes is the boot volume, as shown in Figure 2.1. Boot support is available through the ﬁrmware of the LSI SAS controller that supports the standard Fusion-MPT interface. The runtime mirroring of the boot disk is transparent to the BIOS, drivers, and operating system. Host-based status software monitors the state of the mirrored disks and reports any error conditions. Figure 2.1 shows an IM implementation with a second disk as a mirror of the ﬁrst (primary) disk.

IM/IME Description 2-3

Figure 2.1 Typical Integrated Mirroring Implementation

IM Volume

Primary Mirror

SAS

LSI

Fusion-MPT

Controller

Memory

Bus

NVSRAM

(For Write Journaling)

FLASH

(For Conﬁguration)

The advantage of an IM/IME volume is that there is always a second, mirrored copy of the data. The disadvantage is that writes take longer because data must be written twice. On the other hand, performance is actually improved during reads.

Figure 2.2 shows the logical view and physical view of an IM volume.

Figure 2.2 Integrated Mirroring Volume

Logical View Physical View

LBA 1 LBA 2 LBA 3

LBA 1’ LBA 2’

LBA 3’

LBA N

LBA N’

An IME volume can be conﬁgured with up to ten mirrored disks. (One or two global hot spares can be added also.) Figure 2.3 shows the logical view and physical view of an Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME) volume with three mirrored disks. Each mirrored stripe is written to a disk and mirrored to an adjacent disk. This type of conﬁguration is also called RAID 1E.

2-4 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

Figure 2.3 Integrated Mirroring Enhanced with Three Disks

Logical View Physical View

Mirrored Stripe 1

Mirrored Stripe 2

Mirrored Stripe 3 Mirrored Stripe 4

Mirrored Stripe 5

Mirrored Stripe 6

Mirrored Stripe n

Mirrored Stripe 1

Mirrored Stripe 3’

Mirrored Stripe 4

Mirrored Stripe 6’

Mirrored Stripe n-2

Mirrored Stripe n’

The LSI BIOS-based conﬁguration utility enables you to create IM and IME volumes during initial setup and to reconﬁgure them in response to hardware failures or changes in the environment.

2.4 Integrated RAID Firmware

This section describes features of the LSI Integrated RAID ﬁrmware.

Mirrored Stripe 2

Mirrored Stripe 1’

Mirrored Stripe 5

Mirrored Stripe 4’

Mirrored Stripe n-1

Mirrored Stripe (n-2)’

Mirrored Stripe 3

Mirrored Stripe 2’

Mirrored Stripe 6

Mirrored Stripe 5’

Mirrored Stripe n

Mirrored Stripe (n-1)’

2.4.1 Resynchronization with Concurrent Host I/O Operation

The Integrated RAID ﬁrmware allows host I/Os to continue on an IM or IME volume while the volume is being re-synchronized in the background. Resynchronization is attempted after a hot spare is activated due to a physical device failure, or after a hot swap has occurred to a physical disk in the volume.

2.4.2 Metadata Support

The ﬁrmware supports metadata, which describes the IM/IME logical drive conﬁguration stored on each member disk. When the ﬁrmware is initialized, each member disk is queried to read the stored metadata in

Integrated RAID Firmware 2-5

order to verify the conﬁguration. The usable disk space for each member disk is adjusted down when the conﬁguration is created, in order to leave room for this data.

2.4.3 Hot Swapping

The ﬁrmware supports hot swapping. The hot-swapped disk is automatically resynchronized in the background, without any host or user intervention. The ﬁrmware detects hot swap removal and disk insertion.

Following a hot swap event, the ﬁrmware readies the new physical disk by spinning it up and verifying that it has enough capacity for the mirrored volume. The ﬁrmware resynchronizes all hot-swapped disks that have been removed, even if the same disk is re-inserted. In a two-disk mirrored volume, the ﬁrmware marks the hot-swapped disk as the secondary disk and marks the other mirrored disk as the primary disk. The ﬁrmware resynchronizes all data from the primary disk onto the new secondary disk.

2.4.4 SMART Support

SMART is a technology that monitors hard disk drives for signs of future disk failure and generates an alert if such signs are detected. The ﬁrmware polls each physical disk in the volume at regular intervals. If the ﬁrmware detects a SMART ASC/ASCQ code on a physical disk in the IM/IME volume, it processes the SMART data and stores it in nonvolatile memory. The IM/IME volume does not support SMART directly, since it is just a logical representation of the physical disks in the volume.

2.4.5 Hot Spare Disk

One or two disk drives per controller can be conﬁgured as global hot spare disks, to protect data on the IM/IME volumes conﬁgured on the

controller. If the ﬁrmware fails one of the mirrored disks, it automatically replaces the failed disk with a hot spare disk and then resynchronizes the mirrored data. The ﬁrmware is automatically notiﬁed when the failed disk has been replaced, and it then designates the failed disk as the new hot spare.

2-6 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

2.4.6 Media Veriﬁcation

The ﬁrmware supports a background media veriﬁcation feature that runs at regular intervals when the IM/IME volume is in optimal state. If the veriﬁcation command fails for any reason, the other disk’s data for this segment is read and written to the failing disk in an attempt to refresh the data. The current Media Veriﬁcation Logical Block Address is written to nonvolatilememory occasionally to allow media veriﬁcation to continue approximately where it left off prior to a power-cycle.

2.4.7 Disk Write Caching

The ﬁrmware disables disk write caching by default for IM/IME volumes. This is done to increase data integrity, so that the disk write log stored in NVSRAM is always valid. If disk write caching were enabled (not recommended), the disk write log could be invalid.

2.4.8 NVSRAM Usage

The Integrated RAID ﬁrmware requires at least a 32K NVSRAM in order to perform write journaling. Write journaling is used to verify that the disks in the IM/IME volume are synchronized with each other.

2.5 Fusion-MPT Support

The BIOS uses the LSI Fusion-MPT interface to communicate to the SAS controller and ﬁrmware to enable IM and IME volumes. This includes reading the Fusion-MPT conﬁguration to access the parameters that are used to deﬁne behavior between the SAS controller and the devices connected to it. The Fusion-MPT drivers for all supported operating systems implement the Fusion-MPT interface to communicate with the controller and ﬁrmware.

Fusion-MPT Support 2-7

2-8 Overview of Integrated Mirroring and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced

Chapter 3 Creating IM and IME Volumes

This chapter explains how to create Integrated Mirroring (IM) and Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME) volumes using the LSI SAS BIOS Conﬁguration Utility (SAS BIOS CU). The chapter includes these topics:

• Section 3.1, “IM/IME Conﬁguration Overview,” page 3-1

• Section 3.2, “Creating IM and IME Volumes,” page 3-2

• Section 3.3, “Creating a Second IM or IME Volume,” page 3-5

• Section 3.4, “Managing Hot Spares,” page 3-6

• Section 3.5, “Other Conﬁguration Tasks,” page 3-8

3.1 IM/IME Conﬁguration Overview

You can use the SAS BIOS CU to create one or two IM/IME volumes on each LSI SAS controller, with one or two optional global hot spare disks. All disks in an IM/IME volume must be connected to the same LSI SAS controller.

Although you can use disks of different size in IM and IME volumes, the smallest disk in the volume will determine the logical size of all disks in the volume. In other words, the excess space of the larger member disk(s) will not be used. For example, if you create an IME volume with two 100-GB disks and two 120-GB disks, only 100-GB of the larger disks will be used for the volume.

Refer to Section 2.2, “IM and IME Features,” for more information about Integrated Mirroring volumes.

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide 3-1

3.2 Creating IM and IME Volumes

The SAS BIOS CU is part of the Fusion-MPT BIOS. When the BIOS loads during boot and you see the message about the LSI Conﬁguration Utility, press Ctrl-C to start the CU. After you do this, the message changes to:

Please wait, invoking SAS Configuration Utility...

After a brief pause, the main menu of the SAS BIOS CU appears. On some systems, however, the following message appears next:

LSI Configuration Utility will load following initialization!

In this case, the SAS BIOS CU will load after the system has completed its power-on self test.

You can conﬁgure one or two IM or IME volumes per Fusion-MPT controller.You can also conﬁgure one IM/IME and one Integrated Striping (IS) volume on the same controller, up to a maximum of twelve physical disk drives for the two volumes. In addition, you can create one or two hot spares for the IM/IME array(s).

The following guidelines also apply when creating an IM or IME volume:

• All physical disks in a volume must be either SATA (with extended

command set support) or SAS (with SMART support). SAS and SATA disks cannot be combined in the same volume. However, you can create one volume with SAS disks and a second volume with SATA disks on the same controller.

• Disks must have 512-byte blocks and must not have removable

media.

• An IM volume must have two drives. An IME volume can have three

to ten drives. In addition, one or two hot spares can be created for the IM/IME volume(s).

Note: If a disk in an IM/IME volume fails, it is rebuilt on the global

hot spare if one is available. LSI recommends that you always use hot spares with IM/IME volumes.

3-2 Creating IM and IME Volumes

3.2.1 Creating an IM Volume

Follow these steps to create an IM volume with the SAS BIOS CU:

1. On the Adapter List screen, use the arrow keys to select an LSI SAS adapter.

2. Press Enter to go to the Adapter Properties screen, shown in

Figure 3.1.

Figure 3.1 Adapter Properties Screen

LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility vx.xx.xx.xx Adapter Properties -- SAS1068

Adapter SAS1068 PCI Slot 03 PCI Address(Bus/Dev/Func) 03:00:00 MPT Firmware Revision 00.03.23.00-IT SAS Address 500605B0:0000C580 Status Enabled Boot Order 1 Boot Support [Enabled BIOS & OS]

RAID Properties

SAS Topology

Advanced Adapter Properties

Esc = Exit Menu F1/Shift+1 = Help Enter = Select Item -/+ = Change Item

3. On the Adapter Properties screen, use the arrow keys to select RAID Properties on the screen and press Enter.

4. When you are prompted to select a volume type, select Create IM Volume.

The Create New Array screen shows a list of disks available to be added to a volume.

5. Move the cursor to the RAID Disk column and select a disk. To add the disk to the volume, change the No to Yes by pressing the + key,

− key, or space bar. When the ﬁrst disk is added, the SAS BIOS CU prompts you to either

keep existing data or overwrite existing data.

Creating IM and IME Volumes 3-3

6. Press M to keep the existing data on the ﬁrst disk or press D to overwrite it.

If you keep the existing data, this is called a data migration. The ﬁrst disk will be mirrored onto the second disk, so any data you want to keep must be on the ﬁrst disk selected for the volume. Data on the second disk is overwritten. The ﬁrst disk must have 512-KB available for metadata after the last partition.

As disks are added the Array Size ﬁeld changes to reﬂect the size of the new volume.

7. [Optional] Add one or two global hot spares by moving the cursor to the hot spare column and pressing the + key, − key, or space bar.

Figure 3.2 shows an IM volume conﬁgured with one global hot spare

disk.

Figure 3.2 Create New Array Screen

LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility vx.xx.xx.xx Create New Array -- SAS1068

Array Type: IM Array Size(MB) 34332

Slot Device Identifier RAID Hot Drive Pred Size Num Disk Spr Status Fail (MB) 1 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [Yes] [No] Primary --- 35074 2 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [Yes] [No] Secondary --- 35074 8 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [No] [Yes] Hot Spare --- 35074 11 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [No] [No] Ok --- 35074

Esc = Exit Menu F1/Shift+1 = Help Space/+/- = Select disk for array or hot spare C = Create array

8. When the volume has been fully conﬁgured, press C and then select

Save changes then exit this menu to commit the changes. The SAS BIOS CU pauses while the array is being created.

3-4 Creating IM and IME Volumes

3.2.2 Creating an IME Volume

Follow these steps to create an IME volume with the SAS BIOS CU:

1. On the Adapter List screen, use the arrow keys to select an LSI SAS adapter.

2. Press Enter to go to the Adapter Properties screen, shown in

Figure 3.1.

3. On the Adapter Properties screen, use the arrow keys to select RAID Properties on the screen and press Enter.

4. When you are prompted to select a volume type, select Create IME Volume.

The Create New Array screen shows a list of disks that can be added to a volume.

5. Move the cursor to the RAID Disk column and select a disk. To add the disk to the volume, change the No to Yes by pressing the + key,

− key, or space bar.

6. Repeat this step to select a total of three to ten disks for the volume. All existing data on all the disks you select will be overwritten. As you

add disks, the Array Size ﬁeld changes to reﬂect the size of the new volume.

7. [Optional] Add one or two global hot spares to the volume by moving the cursor to the hot spare column and pressing the + key, − key , or space bar.

8. When the volume has been fully conﬁgured, press C and then select Save changes then exit this menu to commit the changes.

The SAS BIOS CU pauses while the array is being created.

3.3 Creating a Second IM or IME Volume

The LSI SAS controllers allow you to conﬁgure two IM or IME volumes per controller. If one volume is already conﬁgured, and if there are available disk drives, there are two ways to add a second volume. The ﬁrst is as follows:

Creating a Second IM or IME Volume 3-5

1. In the conﬁguration utility, select an adapter from the Adapter List. Select the RAID Properties option.

This will display the current volume.

2. Press C to create a new volume.

3. Continue with step 4 of Section 3.2.1, “Creating an IM Volume” or step 4 of Section 3.2.2, “Creating an IME Volume” to create a second volume.

The other way to add a second volume is as follows:

1. On the Adapter List screen, use the arrow keys to select an LSI SAS adapter.

2. Press Enter to go to the Adapter Properties screen, shown in

Figure 3.1.

3. On the Adapter Properties screen, use the arrow keys to select RAID Properties and press Enter.

4. Continue with step 4 of Section 3.2.1, “Creating an IM Volume” or step 4 of Section 3.2.2, “Creating an IME Volume” to create a second volume.

3.4 Managing Hot Spares

You can create one or two global hot spare disks to protect the IM or IME volumes on a SAS controller. Usually, you create global hot spares at the same time you create the IM/IME volume. Follow these steps to add global hot spare disks later:

1. On the View Array screen, select Manage Array.

2. Select Manage Hot Spare on the Manage Array screen, shown in

Figure 3.3.

3-6 Creating IM and IME Volumes

Figure 3.3 Manage Array Screen

LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility vx.xx.xx.xx Manage Array -- SAS1068

Identifier LSILOGICLogical Volume 3000 Type IM Scan Order 1 Size(MB) 34332 Status Optimal

Manage Hot Spare

Synchronize Array

Activate Array

Delete Array

Esc = Exit Menu F1/Shift+1 = Help Enter = Choose array type to create Esc = Return to Adapter Properties

3. Select a disk from the list by pressing the + key, − key, or space bar.

4. After you select the global hot spare disk, press C. An error message appears if the selected disk is not at least as large

as the smallest disk used in the IM/IME volume(s). The global hot spare disk must have 512-byte blocks, it cannot have removable media, and the disk type must be either SATA with extended command set support or SAS with SMART support.

If SATA disks are used for the IM/IME volume(s), the hot spare disk must also be a SATA disk. If SAS disks are used, the hot spare disk must also be a SAS disk. An error message appears if the selected disk is not the same type as the disks used in the IM/IME volumes.

5. [Optional] Select a second hot spare disk.

6. Select Save changes then exit this menu to commit the changes. The conﬁguration utility pauses while the global hot spares are being

added.

Follow these steps to delete a global hot spare:

1. Select Manage Hot Spare on the Manage Array screen.

Managing Hot Spares 3-7

2. Select Delete Hot Spare and then press C. If there are two hot spares, select which one you want to delete.

3. Select Save changes then exit this menu to commit the changes. The conﬁguration utility pauses while the global hot spare is being

removed.

3.5 Other Conﬁguration Tasks

This section explains how to perform other conﬁguration and maintenance tasks for IM and IME volumes.

3.5.1 Viewing Volume Properties

Follow these steps to view the properties of volumes:

1. In the SAS BIOS CU, select an adapter from the Adapter List. Select the RAID Properties option.

The properties of the current volume are displayed. If global hot spares are deﬁned, they are also listed.

Note: If you create one volume using SAS disks, another volume

using SATA disks, and global hot spare disks, the hot spare disks will only appear when you view the volume that has the same type of disks as the hot spare disks.

2. If two volumes are conﬁgured, press Alt+N to view the other array.

3. To manage the current array, select the Manage Array item and press Enter.

3.5.2 Synchronizing an Array

The Synchronize Array command forces the ﬁrmware to resynchronize the data on the mirrored disks in the array. It is seldom necessary to use this command, because the ﬁrmware automatically keeps the mirrored data synchronized during normal operation. When you use this command, one disk of the array is placed in the Degraded state until the data on the mirrored disks has been resynchronized.

3-8 Creating IM and IME Volumes

Follow these steps to force the synchronization of a selected array:

1. Select Synchronize Array on the Manage Array screen.

2. Press Y to start the synchronization, or N to cancel it.

3.5.3 Activating an Array

An array can become inactive if, for example, it is removed from one controller or computer and moved to another one. The Activate Array option allows you to reactivate an inactive array that has been added to a system. This option is only available when the selected array is currently inactive.

Follow these steps to activate a selected array

1. Select Activate Array on the Manage Array screen.

2. Press Y to proceed with the activation, or press N to abandon it. After a pause, the array will become active.

Note: If there is a global hot spare disk on the controller to which

you have moved the array, the BIOS checks when you activate the array to determine if the hot spare is compatible with the new array. An error message appears if the disks in the activated array are larger than the hot spare disk or if the disks in the activated array are not the same type as the hot spare disk (SATA versus SAS).

3.5.4 Deleting an Array

CAUTION: Before deleting an array, be sure to back up all data on the

Follow these steps to delete a selected array:

1. Select Delete Array on the Manage Array screen.

2. Press Y to delete the array. After a pause, the array is deleted. If there is another remaining array

and one or two hot spare disks, the BIOS checks the hot spare disks to determine if they are compatible with the remaining array. If they are not compatible (too small or wrong disk type) the ﬁrmware deletes them also.

Other Conﬁguration Tasks 3-9

array that you want to keep.

Note: After a volume has been deleted, it cannot be recovered.

When an IM volume is deleted, the data is preserved on the primary disk. When an IME volume is deleted, the master boot records of all disks are deleted.

3.5.5 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a Volume

You can use the SAS BIOS CU to locate and identify a speciﬁc physical disk drive by ﬂashing the drive’s LED. You can also use the SAS BIOS CU to ﬂash the LEDs of all the disk drives in a RAID volume. There are several ways to do this:

• When you are creating an IM or IME volume, and a disk drive is set

to Yes as part of the volume, the LED on the disk drive is ﬂashing. The LED is turned off when you have ﬁnished creating the volume.

• You can locate individual disk drives from the SAS Topology screen.

To do this, move the cursor to the name of the disk in the Device Identiﬁer column and press Enter. The LED on the disk ﬂashes until the next key is pressed.

• You can locate all the disk drives in a volume by selecting the volume

on the SAS Topologyscreen. The LEDs ﬂash on all disk drives in the volume.

Note: The LEDs on the disk drives will ﬂash as described above

if the ﬁrmware is correctly conﬁgured and the drives or the disk enclosure supports disk location.

3.5.6 Selecting a Boot Disk

You can select a boot disk in the SAS Topology screen. This disk is then moved to scan ID 0 on the next boot, and remains at this position. This makes it easier to set BIOS boot device options and to keep the boot device constant during device additions and removals. There can be only one boot disk.

Follow these steps to select a boot disk:

1. In the SAS BIOS CU, select an adapter from the Adapter List.

2. Select the SAS Topology option.

3-10 Creating IM and IME Volumes

The current topology is displayed. If the selection of a boot device is supported, the bottom of the screen lists the Alt+B option. This is the key for toggling the boot device. If a device is currently conﬁgured as the boot device, the Device Info column on the SAS Topology screen will show the word “Boot.”

3. To select a boot disk, move the cursor to the disk and press Alt+B.

4. To remove the boot designator, move the cursor down to the current boot disk and press Alt+B. This controller will no longer have a disk designated as boot.

5. To change the boot disk, move the cursor to the new boot disk and press Alt+B. The boot designator will move to this disk.

Note: The ﬁrmware must be conﬁgured correctly in order for the

Alt+B feature to work.

Other Conﬁguration Tasks 3-11

3-12 Creating IM and IME Volumes

Chapter 4 Overview of Integrated Striping

This chapter provides an overview of the LSI Integrated Striping (IS) feature. It includes these sections:

• Section 4.1, “Introduction,” page 4-1

• Section 4.2, “IS Features,” page 4-2

• Section 4.3, “IS Description,” page 4-2

• Section 4.4, “Integrated Striping Firmware,” page 4-4

• Section 4.5, “Fusion-MPT Support,” page 4-4

4.1 Introduction

The LSI Integrated Striping (IS) feature is useful for applications that require the faster performance and increased storage capacity of striping. The low-cost IS feature has many of the advantages of a more expensive RAID striping solution. A single IS logical drive may be conﬁgured as the boot disk or as a data disk.

The IS feature is implemented with controller ﬁrmware that supports the Fusion-MPT Interface. IS provides better performance and more capacity than individual disks, without burdening the host CPU. The ﬁrmware splits host I/Os over multiple disks and presents the disks as a single logical drive. In general, striping is transparent to the BIOS, the drivers, and the operating system.

The SAS BIOS CU is used to conﬁgure IS volumes, which can consist of two to ten disks.

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide 4-1

4.2 IS Features

Integrated Striping supports the following features:

• Support for volumes with two to ten disks

• Support for two IS volumes (or one IS volume and one IM/IME

• Presents a single virtual drive to the OS for each conﬁgured volume

• Support for both SAS and SATA drives, although the two types of

• Fusion-MPT architecture

• Easy-to-use SAS BIOS conﬁguration utility

• Error notiﬁcation

• Use of metadata to store volume conﬁguration on disks

• OS-speciﬁc event log

• Error display inside the Fusion-MPT BIOS

volume) on a controller, with up to 12 disks total. (Requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.)

Note: All physical disks in a volume must be connected to the

same SAS controller.

drives cannot be combined in one volume

• SES status LED support for drives used in IS volumes

4.3 IS Description

The IS feature writes data across multiple disks instead of onto one disk. This is accomplished by partitioning each disk’s storage space into 64-KB stripes. These stripes are interleaved round-robin, so that the combined storage space is composed alternately of stripes from each disk.

For example, as shown in Figure 4.1, segment 1 is written to disk 1, segment 2 is written to disk 2, segment 3 is written to disk 3, and so on. When the system reaches the end of the disk list, it continues writing data at the next available segment of disk 1.

4-2 Overview of Integrated Striping

Figure 4.1 Integrated Striping Example

LSI

Fusion-MPT

Controller

SAS

Disk 1 Disk 3 Disk 4

Segment 1 Segment 5 Segment 9

Disk 2

Segment 2 Segment 6

Segment 10

Segment 3 Segment 7

Segment 11

Segment 4 Segment 8

Segment 12

Figure 4.2 shows a logical view and a physical view of Integrated Striping

conﬁguration.

Figure 4.2 Integrated Striping - Logical and Physical Views

Logical View Physical View

Stripe 1 Stripe 2 Stripe 3

Stripe N

Stripe 1 Stripe 4 Stripe 7

Stripe N-2

Stripe 2 Stripe 5 Stripe 8

Stripe N-1

Stripe 3 Stripe 6

Stripe 9

Stripe N

The primary advantage of IS is speed, because it transfers data to or from multiple disks at once. However, there is no data redundancy; therefore, if one disk fails, that data is lost.

IS Description 4-3

4.4 Integrated Striping Firmware

This section describes features of the LSI Integrated RAID ﬁrmware.

4.4.1 Metadata Support

The ﬁrmware supports metadata, which describes the IS logical drive conﬁguration stored on each member disk. When the ﬁrmware is initialized, each member disk is queried to read the stored metadata to verify the conﬁguration. The usable disk space for each IS member disk is adjusted down when the conﬁguration is created, in order to leave room for this data.

4.4.2 SMART Support

SMART is a technology that monitors hard disk drives for signs of future disk failure and generates an alert if such signs are detected. The ﬁrmware polls each physical disk in the volume at regular intervals. If the ﬁrmware detects a SMART ASC/ASCQ code on a physical disk in the IS volume, it processes the SMART data and stores it in nonvolatile memory. The IS volume does not support SMART directly, since it is just a logical representation of the physical disks in the volume.

4.4.3 Disk Write Caching

Disk write caching is enabled by default on all IS volumes.

4.5 Fusion-MPT Support

The BIOS uses the LSI Fusion-MPT interface to communicate to the SAS controller and ﬁrmware to enable IS. This includes reading the Fusion-MPT conﬁguration to gain access to the parameters that are used to deﬁne behavior between the SAS controller and the devices connected to it. The Fusion-MPT drivers for all supported operating systems implement the Fusion-MPT interface to communicate with the controller and ﬁrmware.

4-4 Overview of Integrated Striping

Chapter 5 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

This chapter explains how to create Integrated Striping (IS) volumes using the LSI SAS BIOS Conﬁguration Utility (SAS BIOS CU). The chapter includes these topics:

• Section 5.1, “IS Conﬁguration Overview,” page 5-1

• Section 5.2, “Creating IS Volumes,” page 5-2

• Section 5.3, “Creating a Second IS Volume,” page 5-4

• Section 5.4, “Other Conﬁguration Tasks,” page 5-5

5.1 IS Conﬁguration Overview

You can use the SAS BIOS CU to create one or two IS volumes, with up to twelve drives total, on an LSI SAS controller. Each volume can have from two to ten drives. Disks in an IS volume must be connected to the same LSI SAS controller, and the controller must be in the BIOS boot order.

Although you can use disks of different size in IS volumes, the smallest disk determines the “logical” size of each disk in the volume. In other words, the excess space of the larger member disk(s) is not used. Usable disk space for each disk in an IS volume is adjusted down to leave room for metadata. Usable disk space may be further reduced to maximize the ability to interchange disks in the same size classiﬁcation. The supported stripe size is 64 kilobytes.

Refer to Section 4.2, “IS Features,” for more information about Integrated Striping volumes.

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide 5-1

5.2 Creating IS Volumes

The SAS BIOS CU is part of the Fusion-MPT BIOS. When the BIOS loads during boot and you see the message about the LSI Conﬁguration Utility, press Ctrl-C to start it. After you do this, the message changes to:

Please wait, invoking SAS Configuration Utility...

After a brief pause, the main menu of the SAS BIOS CU appears. On some systems, however, the following message appears next:

LSI Logic Configuration Utility will load following initialization!

In this case, the SAS BIOS CU will load after the system has completed its power-on self test.

Follow the steps below to conﬁgure an Integrated Striping (IS) volume with the SAS BIOS CU. The procedure assumes that the required controller(s) and disks are already installed in the computer system. You can conﬁgure an IM/IME volume and an IS volume on the same SAS controller.

1. On the Adapter List screen of the SAS BIOS CU, use the arrow keys to select a SAS adapter.

2. Press Enter to go to the Adapter Properties screen, shown in

Figure 5.1.

5-2 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

Figure 5.1 Adapter Properties Screen

LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility vx.xx.xx.xx Adapter Properties -- SAS1068

Adapter SAS1068 PCI Slot 03 PCI Address(Bus/Dev/Func) 03:00:00 MPT Firmware Revision 00.03.23.00-IT SAS Address 500605B0:0000C580 Status Enabled Boot Order 1 Boot Support [Enabled BIOS & OS]

RAID Properties

SAS Topology

Advanced Adapter Properties

Esc = Exit Menu F1/Shift+1 = Help Enter = Select Item -/+ = Change Item

3. On the Adapter Properties screen, use the arrow keys to select RAID Properties and press Enter.

4. When you are prompted to select a volume type, select Create IS Volume.

The Create New Array screen shows a list of disks that can be added to a volume.

5. Move the cursor to the RAID Disk column. To add a disk to the volume, change the No to Yes by pressing the + key, − key, or space bar. As disks are added, the Array Size ﬁeld changes to reﬂect the size of the new volume.

There are several limitations when creating an IS (RAID 0) volume: – All disks must be either SATA (with extended command set

support) or SAS (with SMART support).

– Disks must have 512-byte blocks and must not have removable

media.

– There must be at least two and no more than ten drives in a valid

IS volume. Hot spare drives are not allowed.

Creating IS Volumes 5-3

Figure 5.2 shows an IS volume conﬁgured with two drives.

Figure 5.2 Create New Array Screen

LSI Logic MPT Setup Utility vx.xx.xx.xx Create New Array -- SAS1068

Array Type: IS Array Size(MB) 70032

Slot Device Identifier RAID Hot Drive Pred Size Num Disk Spr Status Fail (MB) 1 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [Yes] [No] Ok --- 35074 2 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [Yes] [No] Ok --- 35074 8 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [No] [No] Ok --- 35074 11 MAXTOR ATLAS15K2_36SAS BG34 [No] [No] Ok --- 35074

Esc = Exit Menu F1/Shift+1 = Help Space/+/- = Select disk for array or hot spare C = Create array

6. When you have added the desired number of disks to the array, press C and then select Save changes then exit this menu to commit the changes. The conﬁguration utility pauses while the array is being created.

5.3 Creating a Second IS Volume

The LSI SAS controllers allow you to conﬁgure two IS volumes, or an IS volume and an IM/IME volume. If one volume is already conﬁgured, and if there are available disk drives, there are two ways to add a second volume. The ﬁrst is as follows:

1. In the conﬁguration utility, select an adapter from the Adapter List. Select the RAID Properties option.

This will display the current volume.

2. Press C to create a new volume.

3. Continue with step 4 of Section 5.2, “Creating IS Volumes,” to create a second IS volume.

5-4 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

The other way in which to add a second volume is as follows:

1. On the Adapter List screen, use the arrow keys to select an LSI SAS adapter.

2. Press Enter to go to the Adapter Properties screen, shown in

Figure 5.1.

3. On the Adapter Properties screen, use the arrow keys to select RAID Properties and press Enter.

4. Continue with step 4 of Section 5.2, “Creating IS Volumes,” to create a second IS volume.

5.4 Other Conﬁguration Tasks

This section explains how to perform other conﬁguration and maintenance tasks for IS volumes.

5.4.1 Viewing IS Volume Properties

Follow these steps to view the properties of IS volumes:

1. In the conﬁguration utility, select an adapter from the Adapter List. Select the RAID Properties option.

The properties of the current volume are displayed.

2. If more than one volume is conﬁgured, press Alt+N to view the next array.

3. To manage the current array, press Enter when the Manage Array item is selected.

5.4.2 Activating an Array

An array can become inactive if, for example, it is removed from one controller or computer and moved to another one. The “Activate Array” option allows you to reactivate an inactive array that has been added to a system. This option is only available when the selected array is currently inactive.

Other Conﬁguration Tasks 5-5

Follow these steps to activate a selected array.

1. Select Activate Array on the Manage Array screen.

2. Press Y to proceed with the activation, or press N to abandon it. After a pause, the array will become active.

5.4.3 Deleting an Array

CAUTION: Before deleting an array, be sure to back up all data on the

array that you want to keep.

Follow these steps to delete a selected array:

1. Select Delete Array on the Manage Array screen.

2. Press Y to delete the array, or press N to abandon the deletion. After a pause, the ﬁrmware deletes the array.

Note: Once a volume has been deleted, it cannot be recovered.

The master boot records of all disks are deleted.

5.4.4 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a Volume

• When you are creating an IS volume, and a disk drive is set to Yes

as part of the volume, the LED on the disk drive is ﬂashing. The LED is turned off when you have ﬁnished creating the volume.

• You can locate individual disk drives from the SAS Topology screen.

To do this, move the cursor to the name of the disk in the Device Identiﬁer column and press Enter. The LED on the disk ﬂashes until the next key is pressed.

• You can locate all the disk drives in a volume by selecting the volume

on the SAS Topologyscreen. The LEDs ﬂash on all disk drives in the volume.

5-6 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

Note: The LEDs on the disk drives will ﬂash as described above

if the ﬁrmware is correctly conﬁgured and the drives or the disk enclosure supports disk location.

5.4.5 Selecting a Boot Disk

Follow these steps to select a boot disk:

1. In the SAS BIOS CU, select an adapter from the Adapter List.

2. Select the SAS Topology option. The current topology is displayed. If the selection of a boot device is

supported, the bottom of the screen lists the Alt+B option. This is the key for toggling the boot device. If a device is currently conﬁgured as the boot device, the Device Info column on the SAS Topology screen will show the word “Boot.”

3. To select a boot disk, move the cursor to the disk and press Alt+B.

4. To remove the boot designator, move the cursor down to the current boot disk and press Alt+B. This controller will no longer have a disk designated as boot.

5. To change the boot disk, move the cursor to the new boot disk and press Alt+B. The boot designator will move to this disk.

Note: The ﬁrmware must be conﬁgured correctly in order for the

Alt+B feature to work.

Other Conﬁguration Tasks 5-7

5-8 Creating Integrated Striping Volumes

Appendix A Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

This Appendix describes how to use the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility to create Integrated Mirroring (IM), Integrated Mirroring Enhanced (IME), and Integrated Striping (IS) volumes on LSI SAS controllers. CFGGEN is a command line utility that runs in the DOS, Linux, EFI, and Windows Pre-Installation (WinPE) environments. CFGGEN is a minimally interactive program that can be executed from a command line prompt or a shell script.

The Appendix includes these topics:

• Section A.1, “Hardware and Software Requirements,” page A-2

• Section A.2, “CFGGEN Interface Description,” page A-3

• Section A.3, “CFGGEN Commands,” page A-3

Note: CFGGEN is intended for use only in the manufacturing

environment. End users can use the BIOS-based

conﬁguration utility to create IM, IME, and IS volumes. (See

Chapter 3, “Creating IM and IME Volumes” and Chapter 5, “Creating Integrated Striping Volumes.”)

Integrated RAID for SAS User’s Guide A-1

A.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

The CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility runs on any Intel IA-32 or IA64 compatible platform. It works with storage devices that are compliant with existing SCSI standards. CFGGEN supports the LSISAS1064/1064E, LSISAS1068/1068E, and LSISAS1078 LSI SAS controller chips. CFGGEN runs in the following operating environments:

DOS –

CFGGEN runs in any environment that is fully DOS compatible and has at least 640-KB of memory. The system BIOS must support 32-bit BIOS services, including the PCI BIOS services. CFGGEN uses these services to locate the controller and its interface registers. CFGGEN must be able to directly access the controller chip’s interface registers.

Note: You cannot run CFGGEN in a virtual DOS window from

within Windows.

EFI –

CFGGEN runs in any environment that is fully EFI compatible.

Linux –

CFGGEN is a statically linked Linux application. Static linking prevents any library version compatibility problems that might stop CFGGEN from working with a speciﬁc release or distribution of Linux. Version 3.02.04 or newer of the LSI mptlinux driver must be installed on the system. The required modules include mptbase.o, mptscsih.o, and mptctl.o.

Caution: mptbase.o, mptscsih.o, and mptctl.o must be loaded

into the Linux kernel before CFGGEN will function correctly. They can be loaded using the Linux modprobe command.

WinPE –

CFGGEN runs in Windows Pre-Installation Environment (WinPE) and is statically compiled with the LSI MptLib Library (MptLib.lib). The WinPE environment must have the appropriate LSI MPT Windows driver (Miniport or Storport) installed and loaded in order to recognize and communicate with the I/O controller.

A-2 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

A.2 CFGGEN Interface Description

CFGGEN uses a command line interface. Commands are formatted as follows:

cfggen <controller #> <command> <parameters>

The program name, controller number, command, and parameters ﬁelds must be separated by the ASCII space character. The parameter format is command speciﬁc, as described in Section A.3, “CFGGEN

Commands.”

Information is passed between the user environment and CFGGEN via the command line, the standard output and standard error interfaces, and the program return value. The user can redirect the output streams. The return value is generated when the program exits. A value of 0 is returned if the command is successful. Otherwise, a value of 1 is returned.

A.3 CFGGEN Commands

CFGGEN has the following commands:

• CREATE

• DEFAULTS (called DELETE in the EFI version)

• DISPLAY

• FORMAT

• HOTSPARE

• STATUS

• SETOFFLINE (DOS, Linux, and WinPE versions only)

• SETONLINE (DOS, Linux, and WinPE versions only)

• AUTO (EFI version only)

• DISABLEIR (EFI version only)

• ENABLEIR (EFI version only)

• LIST (EFI version only)

CFGGEN Interface Description A-3

CFGGEN is not case sensitive. You can type CFGGEN commands and parameters in uppercase, lowercase, or a mixture of the two.

The following conventions are used in the command descriptions:

• Text in italics must be entered exactly as shown on the command line.

• Text surrounded by <> must be replaced with a required parameter.

• Text surrounded by [ ] may be replaced by an optional parameter.

• Parameters surrounded by {} must be entered one or more times, as

is appropriate for the command being executed.

• The command line deﬁnition characters <>, [ ], and {} must not be

entered on the command line.

A.3.1 Common Command Line Parameters

This section describes CFGGEN command line parameters that are common to more than one command.

• <controller #>

The unique controller number of a PCI function found in the system, starting with controller # 0. For example, in a system containing two SAS1068 controllers, controller # 0 references the ﬁrst controller and controller # 1 references the other controller.

Valid controller number values are 0 to 255 (decimal).

• <SCSI ID>

The SCSI bus address of a peripheral device attached to an LSI SAS controller. The valid SCSI ID values for supported LSI SAS controllers are 0 to 127 (decimal) per controller.

Note: With PBSRAM, the SAS1068/1068E controllers can

support more than 128 devices.

• <Enclosure:Bay>

The Enclosure and bay/slot of a peripheral device attached to the bus. The argument must use a colon (:) as a separator and must follow the enclosure:bay format. This argument is only valid when used with the bay command line argument. Valid numbers are 0 to 127 (decimal).

A-4 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

A.3.2 CREATE Command

The CREATE command creates IM, IME, and IS volumes on supported LSI SAS controllers.

When a disk drive is added to an IM, IME, or IS volume, its entire storage capacity may or may not be used, depending on drive capacity and volume capacity. For example, if you add a 36-GB disk drive to a volume that only uses 9-GB of capacity on each disk drive, the remaining 27-GB of capacity on the disk drive is unusable.

The disk identiﬁed by the ﬁrst SCSI ID on the command line is assigned as the primary disk drive when an IM volume is created. If the controller is allowed to resync the disk drives, the data on the primary disk drive will be available when you access the newly created volume.

The following rules must be observed when creating IM, IME, and IS volumes and hot spare disks:

1. All disks that are part of a volume, including global hot spares, must be on the same SAS controller.

2. A maximum of two IM, IME, or IS volumes per controller can be created.

3. The total number of disks in a volume cannot exceed ten, and the total number of disks combined for two volumes cannot exceed twelve. In addition, one or two hot spare disks can be created per controller to support IM and IME volumes, for a maximum of 14 supported disks per SAS controller. (Support for this number of disks requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.)

4. An IM volume must have exactly two disks.

5. An IME volume can have a minimum of three disks and a maximum of ten disks, as long as rule 3 is not violated.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> create <volume type> <size> {<SCSI ID>} [qsync] [noprompt]

cfggen <controller #> create <volume type> <size> bay {<enclosure:bay>} [qsync] [noprompt]

CFGGEN Commands A-5

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• <volume type> – Volume type for the new volume to be created.

Valid values are IM or IME or IS.

• <size> – Size of the RAID volume in megabytes, or MAX for the

maximum size available.

• Bay – This option indicates that enclosure:bay values are speciﬁed

instead of SCSI ID values.

• <SCSI ID> – SCSI ID of a hard disk drive to be included in the RAID

volume.

• <enclosure:bay> – The enclosure:bay value for the disk drive to be

included in the RAID volume. These values can be obtained from the output of the DISPLAY command.

• qsync – If this optional parameter is speciﬁed, a quick

synchronization of new volume will be performed. If the volume type is IME or IS, a quick synchronization is always performed even if qsync is not speciﬁed. A quick synchronization means that the ﬁrst 32-KB of the drives in the volume are cleared to 0.

• noprompt – Suppresses display of warnings and prompts.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.3 DEFAULTS Command

Note: This command is called DELETE in the EFI version of

CFGGEN.

The DEFAULTS (DELETE) command deletes any IM, IME, and IS volumes and hot spare drives created by the CREATE and HOTSPARE commands. No other controller conﬁguration parameters are changed.

A-6 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

Command Line – DOS, Linux, WinPE versions:

cfggen <controller #> defaults [noprompt]

EFI version:

cfggen <controller #> delete [noprompt]

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• noprompt – Suppresses display of warnings and prompts.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.4 DISPLAY Command

The DISPLAY command displays conﬁguration information for the supported SAS controllers. The information includes controller type, ﬁrmware version, BIOS version, volume information, and physical drive information. An example of the information that will be output by this command is provided in Sample Output below.

Note: 1 megabyte = 1,048,576 bytes. All sizes displayed in

megabytes are rounded down to the nearest megabyte.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> display [filename]

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• [filename] – Optional valid ﬁlename to store the output of the

command to a ﬁle.

CFGGEN Commands A-7

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

Sample Output –

The following example shows a sample output of the CREATE command when used to create an IM conﬁguration.

Read configuration has been initiated for controller 0

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Controller information

-----------------------------------------------------------------------Controller type : LSI1064/1068 BIOS version : 6.05.05.00 Firmware version : 0.07.01.00 SCSI channel description : 1 Serial Attached SCSI Initiator IDs (SCSI ID) : 63 Maximum physical devices : 62 Concurrent commands supported : 511 Slot : 1 Bus : 2 Device : 2 Function : 0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

IR Volume information

------------------------------------------------------------------------

IR volume 1

Status of volume : Okay (OKY) RAID level : 1 Size (in MB) : 34332 Physical hard disks (SCSI ID) : 10 7

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Enclosure information

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Enclosure # : 1

Enlcosure WWN : 12345678:ABCDABCD Start Slot : 1 Num Slots : 4 Start SCSI ID : 0

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Physical device information

------------------------------------------------------------------------

Initiator at SCSI ID 63 Target on SCSI ID 7

Enclosure # : 1 Slot # : 1 Device is a Hard disk SCSI ID : 7 State : Online (ONL)

A-8 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 34732/71132958 Manufacturer : MAXTOR Model Number : ATLAS15K2_036SAS Firmware Revision : BG31 Serial No : E204EY1K Drive Type : SAS

Target on SCSI ID 8

Enclosure # : 1 Slot # : 2 Device is a Hard disk SCSI ID : 8 State : Hot Spare (HSP) Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 35074/71833095 Manufacturer : MAXTOR Model Number : ATLAS15K2_36SAS Firmware Revision : BG34 Serial No : E207AY6K Drive Type : SAS

Target on SCSI ID 9

Enclosure # : 1 Slot # : 3 Device is a Hard disk SCSI ID : 9 State : Ready (RDY) Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 34732/71132959 Manufacturer : MAXTOR Model Number : ATLAS15K2_036SAS Firmware Revision : BG31 Serial No : E204ERCK Drive Type : SAS

Target on SCSI ID 10

Enclosure # : 1 Slot # : 4 Device is a Hard disk SCSI ID : 10 State : Online (ONL) Size (in MB)/(in sectors) : 140299/287332383 Manufacturer : MAXTOR Model Number : ATLAS15K2_147SAS Firmware Revision : BG34 Serial No : E803YMCK Drive Type : SAS

Logical drive status values are as follows:

• Okay (OKY) – Volume is Active and drives are functioning properly.

User data is protected if the volume is IM or IME.

• Degraded (DGD) – Volume is Active. User data is not fully protected

due to a conﬁguration change or drive failure.

• Rebuilding (RBLD) – Data resync or rebuild may be in progress.

CFGGEN Commands A-9

• Inactive, Okay (OKY) – Volume is inactive and drives are

functioning properly. User data is protected if the current RAID level is RAID 1 (IM) or RAID 1E (IME).

• Inactive, Degraded (DGD) – Volume is inactive and the user’s data

is not fully protected due to a conﬁguration change or drive failure; a data resync or rebuild may be in progress.

Physical drive status values are as follows:

• Online (ONL) – Drive is operational and is part of a logical drive.

• Hot Spare (HSP) – Drive is a hot spare that is available to replace a

failed drive in an array.

• Ready (RDY) – Drive is ready for use as a normal disk drive; or it is

available to be assigned to a disk array or used as a hot spare.

• Available (AVL) – Drive may or may not be ready, and it is not

suitable for use in an array or as a hot spare. Possible reasons for this are: it is not spun up, its block size is incorrect, or its media is removable.

• Failed (FLD) – Drive was part of a logical drive or was a hot spare

drive, and it failed. It has been taken ofﬂine.

• Standby (SBY) – This status is used to tag all non-hard disk drive

devices.

A.3.5 FORMAT Command

The FORMAT command is used to perform a low-level format of a disk drive. The drive cannot be a hot spare drive or a member of an IM, IME, or IS volume.

WARNING: A low-level format erases all data on the hard disk drive.

The FORMAT command cannot and should not be interrupted; doing so may result in irreparable damage to the hard disk drive.

Warning messages are displayed during the formatting, unless the noprompt option is included on the command line. If the user does not quickly respond to a series of prompts, the command is aborted. The answers are case sensitive and must be entered in upper case.

A-10 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

The FORMAT command does not complete and return to a shell prompt until the format operation is complete. This may take a long time for a large disk drive.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> format <SCSI ID> [noprompt]

cfggen <controller #> format bay <enclosure:bay> [noprompt]

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the controller targeted by this

command.

• Bay – This option indicates that enclosure:bay values are speciﬁed

instead of SCSI ID values.

• <SCSI ID> – SCSI ID of the hard disk drive to be formatted.

• <enclosure:bay> – The enclosure:bay value for the disk drive to be

formatted. These values can be obtained from the output of the DISPLAY command.

• noprompt – Suppresses display of warnings and prompts.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: command failed.

A.3.6 HOTSPARE Command

The HOTSPARE command creates a hot spare disk drive. One or two hot spare disk can be created per controller. The capacity of a hot spare disk must be greater than or equal to the capacity of the smallest disk in the logical drive. An easy way to verify this is to use the DISPLAY command.

The following rules must be observed when creating hot spare disks:

1. A hot spare disk cannot be created unless at least one IM or IME volume is already created.

CFGGEN Commands A-11

2. CFGGEN does not allow adding a hot spare disk of a type (SAS/SATA) that is different from the disk types in any of the volumes.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> hotspare <SCSI ID> cfggen <controller #> hotspare bay <enclosure:bay>

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• Bay – This option indicates that enclosure:bay values are speciﬁed

instead of SCSI ID values.

• <SCSI ID> – SCSI ID of the drive targeted by this command.

• <enclosure:bay> – The enclosure:bay value for the disk drive to use

for the new hot spare disk. These values can be obtained via the output of the DISPLAY command.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.7 STATUS Command

The STATUS command displays the status of any volume synchronization operation that is currently in progress on the controller. If no such operation is in progress, CFGGEN displays a message indicating this before it exits. The STATUS command adds the ﬂag Inactive to the Volume State ﬁeld, if the controller ﬁrmware marks the volume as Inactive.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> status

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

A-12 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: command failed.

Sample Output –

Here is an example of the status information returned when a volume resynchronization is in progress:

Background command progress status for controller 0... IR Volume 1 Current operation : Synchronize Volume ID : 6 Volume status : Enabled Volume state : Degraded Physical disk I/Os : Not quiesced Volume size (in sectors) : 70311936 Number of remaining sectors : 68250624 Percentage complete : 2.93%

Here is an example of the status information returned when no background volume operation is in progress:

Background command progress status for controller 0... IR Volume 1 Current operation : None Volume ID : 6 Volume status : Enabled Volume state : Optimal Physical disk I/Os : Not quiesced

The status ﬁelds in the data displayed can have the following values:

Current operation – Synchronize or None Volume status – Enabled or Disabled Volume state – [Inactive] Optimal, Degraded, or Failed Physical disk I/Os – Quiesced or Not quiesced

A.3.8 SETOFFLINE Command

Note: The SETOFFLINE command is supported by the DOS,

Linux, and WinPE versions of CFGGEN only.

The SETOFFLINE command makes a physical disk in a volume ofﬂine. A physical disk that is taken ofﬂine changes its state to Failed (FLD), but

CFGGEN Commands A-13

the disk is still associated with the volume and therefore cannot be addressed by normal I/O requests. If a new disk replaces an ofﬂine disk, the new disk is automatically brought online. Otherwise, the disk remains ofﬂine until explicitly brought online by SETONLINE command.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> setoffline <SCSI ID>

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• <SCSI ID> – SCSI target ID of the drive targeted by this command.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: command failed.

A.3.9 SETONLINE Command

Note: The SETONLINE command is supported by the DOS,

Linux, and WinPE versions of CFGGEN only.

The SETONLINE command brings a physical disk in a volume online. This is required only after the physical disk has been taken ofﬂine by the SETOFFLINE command. When a physical disk is brought online, the IOC synchronizes the volume.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> setonline <SCSI ID>

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the controller targeted by this

command.

• <SCSI ID> – SCSI target ID of the drive targeted by this command.

A-14 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: command failed.

A.3.10 AUTO Command (EFI Version Only)

The AUTO command, which is currently supported only in the EFI version of CFGGEN, automatically creates an IM, IME, or IS volume. The volume is created with the maximum number of disks available for use in the speciﬁed volume type. The main difference from the CREATE command is that with the AUTO command you do not specify SCSI ID values for disks to use in the volume. CFGGEN automatically creates the volume with the ﬁrst usable disks it ﬁnds. Firmware and hardware limitations for the family of controllers limit the number of conﬁgurations that are possible.

When AUTO creates an IM volume, the ﬁrst disk found is assigned as the primary disk drive. If the controller is allowed to resync the disk drives, the data on the primary disk drive will be available by accessing the newly created volume.

CFGGEN follows these rules when creating IM, IME, and IS volumes and hot spare disks with the AUTO command:

1. All disks that are part of a volume and the hot spares for a volume must be connected to the same controller.

2. IM, IME, and IS volumes are supported.

3. One or two volumes can be created on a single SAS controller.

4. SAS and SATA drives cannot be mixed in a volume. With the AUTO command, all drives used must be the same type as the ﬁrst available disk found.

5. An IM volume must have exactly two disks.

CFGGEN Commands A-15

6. An IME volume can have three to ten disks, as long as rules 4 and 5 are not violated. An IS volume can have two to ten disks.

7. The the total number of disks combined for two volumes cannot exceed twelve. In addition, one or two hot spare disks can be created per controller, making a maximum of 14 disks supported per controller. (Support for this number of disks requires Integrated RAID ﬁrmware v1.20.00 or above.)

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> auto <volume type> <size> [qsync] [noprompt]

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

• <volume type> – Volume type for the volume to be created. Valid

values are IM, IME, and IS.

• <size> – Size of the RAID volume in megabytes, or MAX for the

maximum size available.

• [qsync] – If this optional parameter is speciﬁed, a quick

synchronization of new volume will be performed. If the volume type is IME or IS, a quick synchronization is always performed even if this option is not speciﬁed. A quick synchronization means that the ﬁrst 32-KB of the drives in the volume are cleared to 0.

• noprompt – Suppresses display of warnings and prompts.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.11 DISABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only)

The DISABLEIR command, which is currently supported only in the EFI version of CFGGEN, disables Integrated RAID functionality on the supported SAS controller chips. This is done by setting the MPI_IOUNITPAGE1_DISABLE_IR bit in the IO Unit 1 MPT Conﬁguration Page.

A-16 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

If there are any existing IM, IME, or IS volumes when this command is run, the user is notiﬁed via an output message, no action is taken, and CFGGEN returns FAILURE. If Integrated RAID is already disabled when this command is run, CFGGEN returns SUCCESS.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> disableir

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.12 ENABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only)

The ENABLEIR command, which is currently supported only in the EFI version of CFGGEN, enables Integrated RAID functionality on the supported SAS controller chips. This is done by clearing the MPI_IOUNITPAGE1_DISABLE_IR bit in the IO Unit 1 MPT Conﬁguration Page.

If there are any existing IM, IME, or IS volumes when this command is run, the user is notiﬁed via an output message, no action is taken, and CFGGEN returns SUCCESS. If Integrated RAID is already enabled when this command is run, CFGGEN returns SUCCESS.

Command Line –

cfggen <controller #> enableir

Parameters –

• <controller #> – Number of the SAS controller targeted by this

command.

CFGGEN Commands A-17

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A.3.13 LIST Command (EFI Version Only)

The LIST command, which is currently supported only in the EFI version of CFGGEN, displays a list of all controllers present in the system, along with their corresponding controller #.

Command Line –

cfggen list

Parameters –

None

Program Return Value –

0x00 SUCCESS: command completed successfully. 0x01 FAILURE: bad command line arguments or operational failure.

A-18 Using the CFGGEN IR Conﬁguration Utility

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Asus LSI SAS3442X-R User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

1.1 Introduction

1.3 Using this Manual

2.1 Introduction

2.2 IM and IME Features

2.3 IM/IME Description

2.4 Integrated RAID Firmware

2.4.1 Resynchronization with Concurrent Host I/O Operation

2.4.2 Metadata Support

2.4.3 Hot Swapping

2.4.4 SMART Support

2.4.5 Hot Spare Disk

2.4.7 Disk Write Caching

2.4.8 NVSRAM Usage

2.5 Fusion-MPT Support

3.2 Creating IM and IME Volumes

3.2.1 Creating an IM Volume

3.2.2 Creating an IME Volume

3.3 Creating a Second IM or IME Volume

3.4 Managing Hot Spares

3.5.1 Viewing Volume Properties

3.5.2 Synchronizing an Array

3.5.3 Activating an Array

3.5.4 Deleting an Array

3.5.5 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a Volume

3.5.6 Selecting a Boot Disk

4.1 Introduction

4.2 IS Features

4.3 IS Description

4.4 Integrated Striping Firmware

4.4.1 Metadata Support

4.4.2 SMART Support

4.4.3 Disk Write Caching

4.5 Fusion-MPT Support

5.2 Creating IS Volumes

5.3 Creating a Second IS Volume

5.4.1 Viewing IS Volume Properties

5.4.2 Activating an Array

5.4.3 Deleting an Array

5.4.4 Locating a Disk Drive, or Multiple Disk Drives in a Volume

5.4.5 Selecting a Boot Disk

A.1 Hardware and Software Requirements

A.2 CFGGEN Interface Description

A.3 CFGGEN Commands

A.3.1 Common Command Line Parameters

A.3.2 CREATE Command

A.3.3 DEFAULTS Command

A.3.4 DISPLAY Command

A.3.5 FORMAT Command

A.3.6 HOTSPARE Command

A.3.7 STATUS Command

A.3.8 SETOFFLINE Command

A.3.9 SETONLINE Command

A.3.10 AUTO Command (EFI Version Only)

A.3.11 DISABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only)

A.3.12 ENABLEIR Command (EFI Version Only)

A.3.13 LIST Command (EFI Version Only)

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