User Manual
Model P403
High Performance Microstepping Driver
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
1. General
The P403 is a high performance microstepping driver based on the most advanced technology in the
world today. It is suitable for driving any 2-phase and 4-phase hybrid step motors (current 3.5A). By
using advanced bipolar constant-current chopping techniques, it can output more speed and power
from the same motor, compared with traditional technologies such as L/R drivers. It has patented
current control technology, which allows coil currents to be accurately controlled, generating much
less current ripple and motor heating than other drivers on the market.
Features of this driver
z High performance at low cost
z Supply voltage to +40VDC, current to 3.5A for P403
z Inaudible 20khz chopping frequency
z TTL compatible and optically isolated input signals
z Automatic idle-current reduction
z Mixed-decay current control for less motor heating
z 14 selectable step resolutions in decimal and binary
z Microstep resolutions up to 51,200 steps/rev
z Suitable for 4, 6 or 8 lead motors
z Over-current, over-voltage and short-circuit protection
z Small size
Applications of this driver
Suitable for a wide range of stepping motors of size NEMA 17, 23, and 34, usable for various kinds of
machines, such as X-Y tables, labelling machines, laser cutters, engraving machines, and pick-place
devices; particularly useful in applications with low noise, low vibration, high speed and high
precision requirements.
2. Specifications and Operating Environment
Electrical Specifications (T
P403
Parameters
Peak Output Current 1.3A by user 3.5A By DIP switch
Supply voltage (DC) +24V +32V +40V
Logic signal current 6mA 10mA 30mA
Pulse input frequency 0 By user 300kHz
Isolation resistance 500MΩ
Min Typical Max Remark
25℃)
=
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
Operating Environment and Parameters
Coolant Natural cooling or forced convection
Environment
Storage Temp. -20℃ to +65℃
Weight About 0.35kg
Space Avoid water, dust, oil, frost and corrosive gases
Temperature 0°to 50℃
Humidity 40 to 90%RH
Vibration 5.9m/s2Max
3. Driver Connectors, P1 and P2
The following is a brief description of the two connectors of the driver. More detailed descriptions of
the pins and related issues are presented in sections 4-7.
Control Signal Connector P1 pins
Pin No. Signal Functions
1 Pulse
2 Direction Direction signal: in single-pulse mode, this signal has low/high voltage levels, representing two
3 Common Common signal: This should be connected to +5V dc, to provide power. If a higher voltage is used,
4 Enable Enable signal: this signal is used for enable/disable, high level for enabling driver and low level for
5 Reset Reset signal: A low level signal will reset the driver, but this function is not normally used.
6 Unused Not connected.
Note: Direction is determined by motor-driver wiring. Exchanging the connection of two wires for a coil to the driver will
reverse motion direction. (e.g., reconnecting motor A+ to driver A- and motor A- to driver A+ will reverse motion direction).
Pulse signal: in single pulse(pulse/direction) mode this input represents pulse signal, effective for each
upward rising edge.
directions of motor rotation; direction of motor rotation is also determined by the connections.
current should be limited to 15mA.
disabling driver.
Power connector P2 pins
Pin No. Signal Functions
1 Gnd DC power ground
2 +V DC power supply, +24VDC to +40VDC, Including
voltage fluctuation and EMF voltage.
3, 4 Phase A Motor coil A (leads A+ and A-)
5, 6 Phase B Motor coil B (leads B+ and B-)
4. Power Supply Selection
It is important to choose the appropriate power supply to make the driver operate properly.
Maximum Voltage Input:
The power Mosfet inside the driver can actually operate within +24V to +40VDC, including power
input fluctuation and back EMF voltage generated by motor coils during motor shaft deceleration.
Higher voltage will damage the driver. Therefore, it is suggested to use power supplies with
theoretical output voltage of no more than +36V, leaving room for power line fluctuation and back
EMF.
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
Regulated or Unregulated Power Supply:
Both regulated and unregulated power supplies can be used to supply DC power to the driver.
However, unregulated power supplies are preferred due to their ability to withstand current surge.
If a regulated power supply (e.g. switch-mode) is used, it is important to have large current output
rating to avoid problems like current clamp, for example using 4A supply for 3A motor-driver
operation. On the other hand, one may use a power supply of lower current rating than that of motor
(typically 50%～70% of motor current). The reason is that the driver draws current from the power
supply capacitor only during the ON duration of the PWM cycle, but not during OFF duration.
Therefore, the average current withdrawn from power supply is considerably less than motor
current. For example, two 3A motors can be well supplied by one power supply of 4A rating.
Multiple Drivers:
It is recommended that multiple drivers share one power supply to reduce cost, provided that the
supply has enough capacity. DO NOT daisy-chain the power supply input pin of the drivers
(connect them to power supply separately) to avoid cross interference.
Higher supply voltage will allow higher motor speed to be achieved, at the price of more noise and
heating. If the motion speed requirement is low, it is better to use lower supply voltage to improve
noise, heating and reliability.
NEVER connect power and ground in the wrong way, it will damage the driver.
5. Driver Voltage and Current Selection
This driver can match small-medium size step motors (NEMA 17, 23 and 34).
To achieve good driving results, it is important to select supply voltage and output current properly.
Generally, supply voltage determines the high-speed performance of the motor, while output current
determines the output torque of the motor (particularly at lower speed).
Selecting Supply Voltage:
Higher supply voltage can increase motor torque at higher speeds; this is helpful for avoiding losing
steps. However, higher voltage may cause more motor vibration at lower speed, and it may also cause
over-voltage protection and even driver damage. Therefore, it is suggested to choose only sufficiently
high supply voltage for intended applications.
Setting Proper Output Current
For a given motor, higher driver current will make the motor to output more torque, but at the same
time causes more heating in the motor and driver. Therefore, output current is generally set to be such
that the motor will not overheat during lengthy operation. Since parallel and serial connections of
motor coils will significantly change resulting inductance and resistance, it is important to set driver
output current depending on motor phase current, motor leads and connection methods. Phase current
rating supplied by motor manufacturer is important in selecting driver current, but the selection also
depends on leads and connection.
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
6. Microstep Resolution and Driver Current Output
This driver uses an 8-bit DIP switch to set microstep resolution, dynamic current and standstill current,
as shown below:
Current during motion Microstep resolution
Microstep Resolution Selection
Microstep resolution is set by DIP SW5, 6, 7, 8 as shown in the following table:
Microstep Step/rev.(for 1.8°motor) SW5 SW6 SW7 SW8
0 No rotation off off off off
2 400 on on on on
4 800 on off on on
8 1600 on on off on
16 3200 on off off on
32 6400 on on on off
64 12800 on off on off
128 25600 on on off off
256 51200 on off off off
5 1000 off on on on
10 2000 off off on on
25 5000 off on off on
50 10000 off off off on
125 25000 off on on off
250 50000 off off on off
Current Setting
The first three bits (SW1, 2, 3) of the DIP switch are used to set the current during motion (dynamic
current), while SW4 is used to select standstill current.
P403 DIP Selection for current during motion:
Current for P403 SW1 SW2 SW3
1.3A on on on
1.6A off on on
1.9A on off on
2.2A off off on
2.5A on on off
2.9A off on off
3.2A on off off
3.5A off off off
Note: due to motor inductance, actual coil current may be smaller than dynamic current settings, particularly at higher speeds.
DIP Selection for current during standstill:
SW4 is used for this purpose, current setting due to coil inductance. OFF meaning that the standstill
current is set to be half of the dynamic current and ON meaning that standstill current is set to be the
same as dynamic current.
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
7. Driver Connection to Stepper Motors
8
The P403 driver can drive any 4, 6 or 8 lead hybrid stepper motors. The following diagrams illustrate
connection to various kinds of motor leads:
Note that when two coils are connected in parallel, coil inductance is reduced by half and motor speed
can be significantly increased. Serial connection will lead to increased inductance and thus the motor
can be run well only at lower speeds.
8. Dimensions
External dimensions are shown in mm.
132
76
45
Astrosyn International Technology Ltd, The Old Courthouse, New Rd Ave, Chatham, Kent ME4 6BE, England
Tel: +44(0)1634 815175 Fax: +44(0)1634 826552
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