Apex PA44 Datasheet

HIGH VOLTAGE POWER OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER

TOP VIEW

OUT COMP COMP

100Ω

1315171921

12157

–INNC+IN

–V

S

+V

S

C

C

R

C

R

LIM

R

LIM

I

LIM

*

330pF

C

S

*

*

Supply bypassing required. See General Operating Considerations.

MICROTECHNOLOGY

HTTP://WWW.APEXMICROTECH.COM (800) 546-APEX [phone]

FEATURES

• SURFACE MOUNT PACKAGE

• MONOLITHIC MOS TECHNOLOGY

• LOW COST

• HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION—350V

• LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT—2mA

• NO SECOND BREAKDOWN

• HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT—120 mA PEAK

APPLICATIONS

• TELEPHONE RING GENERATOR

• PIEZO ELECTRIC POSITIONING

• ELECTROSTATIC TRANSDUCER & DEFLECTION

• DEFORMABLE MIRROR FOCUSING

DESCRIPTION

The PA44 is a high voltage monolithic MOSFET operational
amplifier achieving performance features previously found
only in hybrid designs while increasing reliability. Inputs are
protected from excessive common mode and differential mode
voltages. The safe operating area (SOA) has no second
breakdown limitations and can be observed with all type loads
by choosing an appropriate current limiting resistor. External
compensation provides the user flexibility in choosing
optimum gain and bandwidth for the application.

The PA44 is packaged in Apex's PSOP1 non-hermetic
surface mountable dual in line package. The metal back of the
package is tied to –Vs.

TYPICAL APPLICATION

140V

IN6300A

15V

2.5K + 15

100K2.67K

.22

PA44

EQUIVALENT SCHEMATIC

Q1

Q5Q4

5

–IN

D2 D3 D4 D5

7

+IN

EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS

Q11

Q12

D1

19

COMP
COMP

17

SUB

Q6

Q8

Q13

Q2

Q7

Q9

Q10

Q3

Q14

13

+V

I

LIM

15

21

OUT

–V

12

S

S

10K 10K

7

ICL8038

8

*

* 1.5 µF @ 16Hz

1.2 µF @ 20Hz

to 90V. The recommended compensation for gains above 30

The PA44 is set for a gain of 38.5 boosting the 2.33V signal

is used. If capacitive loading is at least 330pF at all times, the
recommended snubber network may be omitted. The 27 ohm
resistor sets current limit to a nominal value of 111mA to insure
peak currents out of at least 78mA.

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1110

54

–15V

MUR120

6

2

IN6300A

82K

MUR120

Telephone Ring Generator

–140V

PA44

3.3pF

.22

MUR130

2.2K

MUR130

27

100

330pf

90Vrms

PHASE COMPENSATION

Gain C

1 18pF 2.2KΩ

C

≥10 10pF 2.2KΩ
≥30 3.3pF 2.2KΩ

R

C

PA44

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

SPECIFICATIONS

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

SUPPLY VOLTAGE, +VS to –V
OUTPUT CURRENT, continuous within SOA 60 mA

S

350V

OUTPUT CURRENT, peak 120 mA
POWER DISSIPATION, continuous @ TC = 25°C 12W
INPUT VOLTAGE, differential ±16 V
INPUT VOLTAGE, common mode ±V
TEMPERATURE, pin solder – 10 sec 220°C
TEMPERATURE, junction

2

S

150°C
TEMPERATURE, storage –65 to +150°C
TEMPERATURE RANGE, powered (case) –40 to +125°C

SPECIFICATIONS

PARAMETER TEST CONDITIONS
INPUT

OFFSET VOLTAGE, initial

4

1

MIN TYP MAX UNITS

PA44

15 30 mV
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs. temperature4Full temperature range 70 130 µV/°C
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs supply 20 32 µV/V
OFFSET VOLTAGE, vs time 75 µV √kh
BIAS CURRENT, initial 50

200

pA
BIAS CURRENT, vs supply 2 20 pA/V
OFFSET CURRENT, initial 50 200 pA
INPUT IMPEDANCE, DC 10

11

Ω

INPUT CAPACITANCE 5pF
COMMON MODE, voltage range ±VS–12 V
COMMON MODE REJECTION, DC VCM = ±90V DC 84 94 dB
NOISE, broad band 10kHz BW, RS = 1KΩ 50 µV RMS
NOISE, low frequency 1-10 Hz 110 µV p-p

GAIN

OPEN LOOP at 15Hz RL = 5KΩ 94 106 dB
BANDWIDTH, open loop 1.6 MHz
POWER BANDWIDTH CC = 10pf, 280V p-p 26 kHz
PHASE MARGIN Full temperature range 60 °

OUTPUT

VOLTAGE SWING IO = 40mA ±VS–12 ±VS–10 V
CURRENT, peak

5

120 mA
CURRENT, continuous 60 mA
SETTLING TIME to .1% CC = 10pF, 10V step, AV = –10 12 µs
SLEW RATE CC = OPEN 40 V/µs
CAPACITIVE LOAD AV = +1 10 nF
RESISTANCE6, no load RCL = 0 150 Ω
RESISTANCE6, 20mA load RCL = 0 25 Ω

POWER SUPPLY

VOLTAGE

3

See Note 3 ±50 ±150 ±175 V

CURRENT, quiescent 1.6 2.0 mA

THERMAL

RESISTANCE, AC junction to case
RESISTANCE, DC junction to case

F > 60Hz 6 7 °C/W

F < 60Hz 9 11 °C/W
RESISTANCE, junction to air Full temperature range 25 °C/W
TEMPERATURE RANGE, case Meets full range specifications –25 +85 °C

NOTES: 1. Unless otherwise noted TC = 25°C, CC = 18pF, RC = 2.2KΩ. DC input specifications are ± value given. Power supply voltage is

typical rating.

2. Long term operation at the maximum junction temperature will result in reduced product life. Derate internal power dissipation
to achieve high MTTF.

3. Derate maximum supply voltage .5 V/°C below case temperature of 25°C. No derating is needed above TC = 25°C.

4. Sample tested by wafer to 95%.

5. Guaranteed but not tested.

6. The selected value of RCL must be added to the values given for total output resistance.

CAUTION

The PA44 is constructed from MOSFET transistors. ESD handling procedures must be observed.

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TYPICAL PERFORMANCE
GRAPHS

PA44

15

12

POWER DERATING

T = T

C

9

6

T = T

A

3

0

0 25 50 75 100 125

INTERNAL POWER DISSIPATION, P(W)

120

TEMPERATURE, T (°C)

SMALL SIGNAL RESPONSE

100

CC = 3.3pF

80
60

CC = 10pF

40

CC = 18pF

20

OPEN LOOP GAIN, A(dB)

0

–20

1 100 10M

10 1K 10K .1M 1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

140

CURRENT LIMIT

130

120

110

+I

LIM

–I

LIM

100

90
80

NORMALIZED CURRENT LIMIT, (%)

–50 0 100

–25 25 50 75

CASE TEMPERATURE, T (°C)

PHASE RESPONSE

0

–30
–60

CC = 3.3pF

CC = 10pF

CC = 18pF

–90

CC = 18pF

–120

PHASE, (°)ϕ

–150

CC = 3.3pF

–180
–210

1 100 .1M 10M

10 10K 1M

CC = 10pF

1K

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

60

40

CURRENT LIMIT

+I

LIM

20

0

–20

-I

LIM

–40

CURRENT LIMIT RANGE, I (mA)

125

C

–60

0 300 400

100 200

CURRENT LIMIT RESISTOR, RCL (Ω )Ω

500

POWER RESPONSE

400

PP

200

O

100

80
60

40

OUTPUT VOLTAGE, V (V )

CC = 18pF

20

10K 20K .2M.1M

30K

50K .3M .5M 1M

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

RL = 10KΩ

CC = 10pF

CC = 3.3pF

HARMONIC DISTORTION

1.0
AV = 20

.6

C

= 3.3pf

.4

C

R

= 2K Ω

L

.2
.1

VO = 30V
.06
.04

.02

DISTORTION, (%)

.01

.006
.004

.002

100 10K

PP

VO = 180V

VO = 60V

PP

3K 100K

30K200 1K 0

PP

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

COMMON MODE REJECTION

120

100

80

60

40

20

0

10 10K .1M

1 100 1K 1M

COMMON MODE REJECTION, CMR (dB)

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

60

50

SLEW RATE

QUIESCENT CURRENT

150

130

40

110

30

20

SLEW RATE, V/µs

10

0

COMPENSATION CAPACITANCE, C

42081612

C

(pf)

POWER SUPPLY REJECTION

120

100

+V

80

60

–V

S

40

20

0

10 100 1K 10K .1M

11M

POWER SUPPLY REJECTION, PSR (dB)

FREQUENCY, F (Hz)

S

90

70

50

100 150 300 350

NORMALIZED QUIESCENT CURRENT, (%)

TOTAL SUPPLY VOLTAGE, V

(V)

OUTPUT VOLTAGE SWING

O

18

– V

S

16
14

12
10

8
6
4
2

25°C +OUT

0

20 120

04060

OUTPUT CURRENT, I

VOLTAGE DROP FROM SUPPLY, V

= 85

C

T

= 25

C

T

T

C

200

–OUT

°C

85

°C –OUT

25

–25°C –OUT

°C

°C

= -25

250

–25

85

°C

°C +OUT

°C +OUT

80

100

(mA)

O

S

(V)

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PA44

GENERAL

Please read Application Note 1 "General Operating Consid­erations" which covers stability, supplies, heat sinking, mount­ing, current limit, SOA interpretation, and specification inter­pretation. Visit www.apexmicrotech.com for design tools that
help automate tasks such as calculations for stability, internal
power dissipation, current limit; heat sink selection; Apex’s
complete Application Notes library; Technical Seminar Work­book; and Evaluation Kits.

CURRENT LIMIT

For proper operation the current limit resistor, RCL, must be
connected as shown in the external connection diagram. The
minimum value is 33 ohms, however for optimum reliability the
resistor value should be set as high as possible. The value can
be estimated as follows with the maximum practical value of
500 ohms.

3

R

=

CL

I

LIM

Use the typical performance graphs as a guide for expected
variations in current limit value with a given RCL and variations
over temperature. The selected value of R
the specified typical value of output resistance to calculate the
total output resistance. Since the load current passes through
R

the value selected also affects the output voltage swing

CL

according to:

V

= IO R

R

*

where VR is the voltage swing reduction.

When the amplifier is current limiting, there may be small
signal spurious oscillation present during the current limited
portion of the negative half cycle. The frequency of the oscil­lation is not predictable and depends on the compensation,
gain of the amplifier, and load. The oscillation will cease as the
amplifier comes out of current limit.

must be added to

CL

CL

OPERATING

CONSIDERATIONS

a bypass capacitor across the feedback resistor. The time
constant of the feedback resistor and bypass capacitor com­bination should match the time constant of the sumpoint
resistance and sumpoint capacitance.

The PA44 is externally compensated and performance can
be tailored to the application. Use the graphs of small signal
gain and phase response as well as the graphs for slew rate
and power response as a guide. The compensation capacitor
C

must be rated at 350V working voltage. The compensation

C

capacitor and associated resistor RC must be mounted closely
to the amplifier pins to avoid spurious oscillation. An NPO
capacitor is recommended for compensation.

SAFE OPERATING AREA (SOA)

The MOSFET output stage of this power operational ampli­fier has two distinct limitations:

1. The current handling capability of the die metallization.

2. The temperature of the output MOSFETs.

NOTE: The output stage is protected against transient
flyback. However, for protection against sustained, high en­ergy flyback, external fast-recovery diodes should be used.

200
120

100

, (mA)

S

50

OR –V

S

40
30

20

10

PA44 SOA

300mS

DC, T

DC, T

C

C

= 85°C

= 125°C

200mS

DC

INPUT PROTECTION

The PA44 inputs are protected against common mode
voltages up the supply rails and differential voltages up to ±16
volts as well as static discharge. Differential voltages exceed­ing 16 volts will be clipped by the protection circuitry. However,
if more than a few milliamps of current is available from the

5
4

3

OUTPUT CURRENT FROM +V

PULSE CURVES @ 10% DUTY CYCLE MAX

2

10 20 30 50 100 200 300 500

SUPPLY TO OUTPUT DIFFERENTIAL, VS -VO (V)

overload source, the protection circuitry could be destroyed.
The protection circuitry includes 300 ohm current limiting
resistors at each input, but this may be insufficient for severe
overloads. It may be necessary to add external resistors to the
application circuit where severe overload conditions are ex­pected. Limiting input current to 1mA will prevent damage.

STABILITY

The PA44 has sufficient phase margin when compensated
for unity gain to be stable with capacitive loads of at least 10 nF.
However, the low pass circuit created by the sumpoint (–in)
capacitance and the feedback network may add phase shift
and cause instabilities. As a general rule, the sumpoint load

HEATSINKING

The PA44 package has a large exposed integrated copper
heatslug to which the monolithic amplifier is directly attached.
The solder connection of the heatslug to a minimum 1 square
inch foil area of the printed circuit board will result in thermal
performance of 25°C/W junction to air rating of the PA44.
Solder connection to an area of 1 to 2 square inches of foil is
recommended. This may be adequate heatsinking but the
large number of variables involved suggest temperature mea­surements be made on the top of the package. Do not allow the
temperature to exceed 85°C. The heatslug is tied internally to –Vs.

resistance (input and feedback resistors in parallel) should be
1K ohm or less at low gain settings (up to 10). Alternatively, use

This data sheet has been carefully checked and is believed to be reliable, however, no responsibility is assumed for possible inaccuracies or omissions. All specifications are subject to change without notice.

PA44U REV. C APRIL 2000 © 2000 Apex Microtechnology Corp.