AOpen MK77MV User Manual

MK77M-V

Socket A
AMD Athlon XP / Duron Processor
Based

User's Manual

DDR Main Board

WARNING

Thermal issue is highly essential for processors with a speed of 600MHz and above.

Hence, we recommend you to use the CPU fan qualified by AMD or motherboard

manufacturer. Meanwhile, please make sure CPU and fan are securely fastened well.

Otherwise, improper fan installation not gets system unstable but also could

damage both CPU and motherboard because insufficient thermal dissipation.

If you would like to know more about thermal topic please see AMD website for

detailed thermal requirement through the address:

http://www.amd.com

MK77M-V

SocketA
AMD Athlon/ Duron Processor
based DDR Mainboard
Manual Version 1.0

Disclaimer

This company shall not be liable for any incidental or consequential damages resulting from
the performance or use of this product.

This company makes no representations or warranties regarding the contents of this manual.
Information in this manual has been carefully checked for reliability; however, no guarantee is
given as to the correctness of the contents. In the interest of continued product improvement,
this company reserves the right to revise the manual or include changes in the specifications
of the product described within it at any time without notice and without obligation to notify any
person of such revision or changes. The information contained in this manual is provided for
general use by the customers.

Trademarks

VIA is a registered trademark of VIA Corporation.

AMD, Athlon, and Duron are registered trademarks of AMD Corporation.

PS2 is a registered trademark of IBM Corporation.

AWARD is a registered trademark of Award Software Inc.

Microsoft and Windows are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

General Notice: Other brand and product names used herein are for identification purposes
and may be trademarks of their respective owners.

M641

TABLE OF CONTENTS

WHAT'S IN THE MANUAL ..................................................................... 5

Quick Reference ............................................................................................... 5

About This Manual ........................................................................................... 5

1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 6

1.1 TO DIFFERENT USERS ............................................................................. 6

First-Time DIY System Builder ................................................................. 6

Experienced DIY User ............................................................................. 6

System Integrator ..................................................................................... 6

1.2 ITEM CHECKLIST ....................................................................................... 7

2 FEATURES ........................................................................................ 8

2.1 SPECIFICATIONS ....................................................................................... 8

3 HARDWARE INSTALLATION .......................................................... 11

3.1 STEP-BY-STEP INSTALLATION ...............................................................11

STEP 1 Install the CPU .......................................................................... 12

STEP 2 Set Jumpers ............................................................................. 13

STEP 3 Install DDR SDRAM System Memory........................................ 13

STEP 4 Install Internal Peripherals in System Case ................................ 14

STEP 5 Mount the Mainboard on the Computer Chassis ........................ 15

STEP 6 Connect Front-panel Switches/LEDs/Speaker/USB .................. 16

STEP 7 Connect IDE & Floppy Disk Drives ........................................... 18

STEP 8 Connect Other Internal Peripherals............................................ 18

STEP 9 Connect Power Supply ............................................................. 19

STEP 10 Install Add-on Cards in Expansion Slots .................................. 20

STEP 11 Connect External Peripherals to Back-panel ........................... 20

STEP 12 Install Driver & Software Components ..................................... 23

- 1 -

3.2 JUMPER SETTINGS ................................................................................. 24

JUMPER & CONNECTOR GUIDE......................................................... 25

Jumpers

Clear CMOS (JP1) ................................................................................ 28

BIOS Protection (JP2) ........................................................................... 28

CPU Frequency (JP3)............................................................................ 29

Back-Panel Connectors

PS2 Keyboard & PS2 Mouse Connectors ............................................. 30

COM Port Connector ............................................................................. 30

VGA Connector ..................................................................................... 30

Parallel Port Connector .......................................................................... 30

Line-Out ................................................................................................ 31

Line-In ................................................................................................... 31

Mic-In ..................................................................................................... 31

MIDI/GAME Port .................................................................................... 31

LAN Port Connector .............................................................................. 31

USB Port Connector .............................................................................. 32

Front-Panel Connectors

HDD LED Connector (HDD LED) .......................................................... 33

Power LED Connector (Power LED) ..................................................... 33

Hardware Reset Connector (Reset Switch) ............................................ 34

ATX Power On/Off Switch Connector (Power Switch) ............................. 34

Single color LED Header (SJ1) ............................................................. 35

Speaker Connector (SPEAKER1) ......................................................... 35

External SMI Header (J1) ....................................................................... 35

Extended USB Header (USB2) .............................................................. 36

- 2 -

Internal Peripherals Connectors

Enhanced IDE Ports and Floppy Connectors ......................................... 37

Other Connectors

ATX Power Supply Connector (ATX1) .................................................... 38

Cooling FAN Connectors for CPU FAN (CPUFAN1) and

Case FAN (CASFAN1) .......................................................................... 38

IR Header (SIR1) ................................................................................... 39

Audio CD-IN Connector (CD1)............................................................... 40

Audio Connector (CD2) ......................................................................... 40

Front-Panel Microphone and Line-Out Header (AUDIO1) ....................... 40

SPDIF out Header (SPDIF1) ................................................................. 41

Wake-On-LAN Connector (WOL1) ......................................................... 41

Wake-On-Modem Connector (WOM1) ................................................... 42

Serial2 Port Connector (COM2) ............................................................. 42

3.3 SYSTEM MEMORY CONFIGURATION ..................................................... 43

Install Memory ........................................................................................ 43

Upgrade Memory ................................................................................... 43

4 SOFTWARE UTILITY ...................................................................... 44

4.1 Mainboard CD Overview ......................................................................... 44

4.2 Install VIA Chipset Driver ........................................................................ 45

4.3 Install VGA Driver..................................................................................... 46

4.4 Install Audio Driver .................................................................................. 47

4.5 Install LAN Driver ..................................................................................... 48

Install WIN98 LAN driver ........................................................................ 49

Install WINNT LAN driver ........................................................................ 52

4.6 View the User's Manual ........................................................................... 54

- 3 -

5 BIOS SETUP..................................................................................... 55

5.1 ENTER THE BIOS ..................................................................................... 55

5.2 THE MAIN MENU ...................................................................................... 56

STANDARD CMOS FEATURES ............................................................... 58

ADVANCED BIOS FEATURES ................................................................. 62

ADVANCED CHIPSET FEATURES .......................................................... 66

INTEGRATED PERIPHERALS .................................................................. 71

POWER MANAGEMENT SETUP .............................................................. 75

PNP/ PCI CONFIGURATION ...................................................................... 80

PC HEALTH STATUS ................................................................................ 82

FREQUENCYVOLTAGE CONTROL .......................................................... 83

LOAD FAIL-SAFE DEFAULTS .................................................................. 84

LOAD OPTIMIZED DEFAULTS ................................................................. 84

SET SUPERVISOR PASSWORD ............................................................. 85

SET USER PASSWORD........................................................................... 85

SAVE & EXIT SETUP ................................................................................ 86

EXIT WITHOUT SAVING ............................................................................ 86

- 4 -

WHAT'S IN THE MANUAL

Quick Reference

Hardware Installation >> Step-by-Step ................................................ Page 11

Jumper Settings >> A Closer Look ......................................................Page 24

Software Utility >> How to Install.......................................................... Page 44

BIOS Setup >> How to Configure .........................................................Page 55

About This Manual

For First-Time DIY System Builder .........................................................Page 6

For Experienced DIY User ...................................................................... Page 6

For System Integrator ............................................................................. Page 6

- 5 -

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 To Different Users

First-Time DIY System Builder

Welcome to the DIY world! Building your own computer system is not as
difficult as you may think. To make your first computer DIY experience
successful, right from the start, we have designed the Chapter 3 Hardware
Installation section in a step-by-step fashion for all the first-time DIY system
builders. Prior to installation, we also suggest you to read the whole manual
carefully to gain a complete understanding of your new MK77M-V mainboard.

Experienced DIY User

Congratulate on your purchase of the MK77M-V mainboard. You will find that
installing your new MK77M-V mainboard is just easy. Bundled with an array
of onboard functions, the highly-integrated MK77M-V mainboard provides you
with a total solution to build the most stable and reliable system. Refer to sec­tions 3.2 Jumper Settings and Chapter 4 Software Utility to find out how to get
the best out of your new mainboard. Chapter 5 BIOS Setup also contains the
relevant information on how to tune up your system to achieve higher perfor­mance.

System Integrator

You have wisely chosen MK77M-V to construct your system. MK77M-V incor­porates all the state-of-the-art technology of the KM266 chipset from VIA. It
integrates the most advanced functions you can find to date in a compact Mi­cro ATX mainboard.

- 6 -

1.2 Item Checklist

Check all items with you MK77M-V mainboard to make sure nothing is
missing. The complete package should include:

AUDIO1

USB1 LAN1

 One piece of MK77M-V Mainboard

 One piece of ATA133/100/66 Ribbon Cable

 One piece of Floppy Ribbon Cable

RTL8100B
18034T3

RMC

009B TAIWAN

CNR1

1

USB2

1

JP1

SPEAKER1

J1

1

WOL1WOM1

SJ1

SIR1

1

1
PANEL1

AUDIO1

COM2

1

CD1

1

JP2

ALC201A

1C231Q1206D

PCI2

PCI3

PCI1

AGP1

0213CDTAIWAN

2IA2043671

VT8233A

IDE1 IDE2

1

JP3

IT8705F

0208-FXS

M1U9F0

CD2

PCI1

ATX1

C

950902AF

0149

UA730855

FDD1

KB1

CPUFAN1

1

CASFAN1

1

 MK77M-V User's Manual

 I/O Shielding

 One piece of Bundled CD-ROM with containing:

 MK77M-V user's manual on PDF format
 VIA 4-IN-1 driver
 VIA Audio driver
 LAN driver
 Award Flashing Utility

- 7 -

2 FEATURES

MK77M-V mainboard is carefully designed for the demanding PC user who wants high
performance and maximum intelligent features in a compact package.

2.1 Specifications



CPU Support

Support Socket462 package CPU with 200/266 MHz FSB.



Chipset

Features VIA KM266, VT8735 N.B. and VT8233A S.B. Chipset.



Jumpe CPU Configuration

Soft-configuration FSB (The FSB speed is software configurable to 100MHz
and 133MHz.



AC'97 Link for Audio and Telephony CODEC

AC'97 2.2 compliant.
Spread independent PCI functions for Audio and Modem.



Versatile Memory Support

Two 184-pin DIMM slots to support up to 2GB of PC1600 or PC2100
compliant DDR SDRAM module.



PCI Expansion Slots

Provides three 32-bit PCI slots.



AGP Expansion Slots

Provides one 32-bit AGP slot which supports up to 4X AGP devices.



CNR Expansion Slots

Provides one CNR (Communication Network Riser) slot.



4 USB Supported Onboard

 2* USB connectors on back-panel and one set of dual USB ports headers

on mid-board.

- 8 -



IO Interface

Provides a variety of IO interfaces:
 1* Floppy interface for 3.5-inch FDD with 720KB, 1.44MB, or 2.88MB

format or for 5.25-inch FDD with 360K or 1.2MB format.

 1* PS2 mouse connector.
 1* PS2 Keyboard connector.
 1* RJ45 LAN connector.
 1* DB9 Serial connectors 16550 UART compatible.
 1* Infrared communication port.

(Serial port COM2 can also be redirected to an external IrDA Adapter
for wireless connection.)

 1* DB25 Parallel port supporting Standard Parallel Port (SPP),

Enhanced Parallel Port (EPP), and Extended Capabilities Port (ECP)
data transmission schemes.

 1* Line-Out port.
 1* Line-In port.
 1* Mic-In port.
 1* MIDIGAME port.



PCI Bus Master IDE Controller Onboard

Two UltraDMA 133/100/66 Bus Master Dual-channel IDE ports provide sup­port to a maximum of four IDE devices (one Master and one Slave per channel).
The IDE Bus implements the data transfer speed up to 133/100/66 MBsec
and also supports Enhanced PIO Modes.

80-pin Cable Backward Compatible Legacy ATAPI Devices, ATAPI IDE CD­ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, and LS-120 Supports.



ATX Power Supply Connector

ATX power supply unit can be connected to the onboard 20-pin ATX power
connector, supporting Suspend and Soft-OnOff by dual-function power
button.



Advanced Configuration and Power Interface

Features four power saving modes: Snoop, Suspend to RAM, Suspend to
Disk, and Soft-Off. ACPI provides more efficient Energy Savings Features
controlled by your operating system that supports OS Direct Power Manage­ment (OSPM) functionality.

- 9 -



System BIOS

Provides licensed Award BIOS V6.0 PG on 2Mb Flash EEPROM and
supports Green PC, Desktop Management Interface (DMI).



Micro ATX Form Factor

System board conforms to the Micor ATX specification.
Board dimension: 244mm*220mm.



Advanced Features

 Dual Function Power Button - The system can be in one of two states;
one is Suspend mode and the other is Soft-Off mode. Pushing the
power button for less than 4 seconds places the system into Suspend
mode. When the power button is pressed for longer than 4 seconds, the
system enters the Soft-Off mode.

 Modem Ring Power-On - The system can be powered on automatically

by the activation of modem ring.

 CPU Clock Setting - This item allows users to adjust CPU Host Clock in

BIOS.



Intelligent Features

 Voltage Monitoring - Monitors various voltages of key elements, such as

the CPU, and other critical system voltage levels to ensure stable current
passing through mainboard components. System voltages include Vcore
on CPU,+2.5V, +3.3V, +5V, +12V and Battery on system etc.

 Fan Status Monitoring - To prevent CPU from overheating, the CPU fan

is monitored for RPM and failure. (CPU Cooling FAN with RPM sensor is
required.)

 Temperature Monitoring - This item allows users to make sure whether

the CPU or system runs in a suitable temperature.

- 10 -

3 HARDWARE INSTALLATION

Before removing or installing any of these devices including CPU, DIMMs, Add-On
Cards, Cables, please make sure to unplug the onboard power connector.

This section outlines how to install and configure your MK77M-V mainboard. Refer to the
following mainboard layout to help you identify various jumpers, connectors, slots, and
ports. Then follow these steps to guide you through a quick and correct installation of
your system.

3.1 Step-by-Step Installation

Accessories Of MK77M-V

ATX Power Connector

CPU FAN

PS2 Keyboard/
PS/2 Mouse Connectors

Serial Port Connector
(COM1)
Onboard Serial Port Header­(COM2)

Parallel Connector

CPU Frequency -

JP2

Serial Port Connector
(COM2)

Front-oriented microphone/
line-out port Header-AUDIO1

Line-In/Line-Out/Mic-In
Game/MIDI Connectors

LAN & USB Connectors

On Board Audio Connectors-

CD1,CD2

One AGP Slot

SPDIF Out Header-SPDIF1

KB1

COM2

AUDIO1

1

AUDIO1

CDIN1

USB1 LAN1

009B TAIW AN

18034T3

RTL8100B

MC

R

One CNR Slot
Three PCI Slots

Socket 462

VIA 8375 Chipset

CPUFAN1

1

1

PCI1

IT8705F
0208-FXS
M1U9F0

JP2

CD2

CD1

ALC201A

1C231Q1206D

PCI2

PCI3

CNR1

PCI1

AGP1

ATX1

C

1

USB2

Two DDR DIMM slots

CAS FAN

CASFAN1

1

UA730855
0149
950902AF

IDE1 IDE2

VT8233A

0213CD TAIWAN

2IA2043671

J1

SPEAKER1

WOL1

WOM1

1

JP1

1

Buzzer

FDD1

Floppy Connector

JP3

Two IDE Connectors

Wake-On-LAN Connector - WOL1

BIOS Protection-

Wake-On- Modem Connector - WOM1

1

JP3

SIR1
SJ1

1

PANEL1

1

Extended USB - USB2Header
VIA 8233A Chipset

Clear CMOS ­External SMI Header-J1
Speaker Connector-SPEAKER1

JP1

Single-color LED Header-SJ1

Serial infrared cable Header-SIR1

Front-Ponel Header - PANEL1

- 11 -

Step 1

Install the CPU:

1. Locate the CPU ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) socket on the upper-right
sector of your mainboard (between the back-panel connectors and the

DIMM memory slots).

2. Pull the CPU ZIF socket lever slightly sideways away from the socket
to unlock the lever, and then bring it to an upwardly vertical position.

3. Place your AMD 462 Athlon/ Duron processor in the socket A. Note that
the CPU edges have been purposely designed non-symmetrically to prevent
from inserting the processor in the wrong direction. The following diagram
demonstrates the correct placement of the CPU in the ZIF socket. You can
see that the two blunt-edged corners should face towards the socket-lever.

Lever

Blank

SOCKET462

Blank

AMD CPU

ASSEMBLED IN MALAYSIA

SOCKET462

Notch

4. Slightly push the AMD 462 Athlon/ Duron processor into the socket with
out applying excessive force while making sure there is no gap between
CPU and socket. Then lower the socket-lever all the way down to its hori­zontal position and lock it to secure the CPU in place.

5. The AMD 462 Athlon/ Duron processor requires a set of cooler to
ensure proper cooling of the processor. If cooler have not been
already mounted on your CPU, you must purchase a cooler sepa­rately and have it installed. Plug the cable throught the cooler in the
CPU fan power connector located nearby. Note that there are several types
of CPU fan connectors. Normally, if your mainboard supports the hard
ware monitoring function, a 3-pin fan power connector should allow your
system to detect the CPU fan's speed . The CPU fan can also run with a 2­pin fan power connector, however, detection of CPU fan's speed is not sup­ported. Another type of CPU fan may feature a large 4-pin fan power con­nector, which does not support CPU fan's speed detection and must be di­rectly connected to the system's power supply unit.

- 12 -

Step 2.

Set Jumpers

This mainboard is jumperless! The default jumper settings have been set for
the common usage standard of this mainboard. Therefore, you do not need
to reset the jumpers unless you require special adjustments as in any of the
following cases:

1. Clear CMOS

2. BIOS Protection

3. CPU Frequency

For first-time DIY system builders, we recommend that you do not change the
default jumper settings if you are not totally familiar with mainboard configu­ration procedures. The factory-set default settings are tuned for optimum
system performance. For the advanced users who wish to customize their
system, section 3.2 Jumper Settings will provide detailed information on how
to configure your mainboard manually.

Step 3.

Install DDR SDRAM System Memory

To install memory, insert SDRAM memory module(s) in any one or two or
two DIMM banks. Note that SDRAM modules are directional and will not go
in the DIMM banks if they are not properly oriented. After the module is fully
inserted into the DIMM bank, lift the clips of both sides of the DIMM bank to
lock the module in place.

- 13 -

Step 4

Install Internal Peripherals in System Case

Before you install and connect the mainboard into your system case, we
recommend that you first assemble all the internal peripheral devices into the
computer housing, including but not limited to the hard disk drive (IDE
HDD), floppy disk drive (FDD), CD-ROM drive, and ATX power supply
unit. This will greatly facilitate in making the connections to the
mainboard described below.

To install IDE & FDD drives, follow this procedure:

1. Set the required jumpers on board each device according to the
instructions provided by the manufacturer. (IDE devices, HDD, and
CD-ROM have to set jumpers on Master or Slave mode depending
on your willing to install more than one device for each kind.)

2. Connect IDE cable and FDD cable on the back-panel of the internal
peripheral devices to the corresponding headers on board. Note that the
cable should be oriented with its colored stripe (usually in red or magenta)
connected to pin#1 both on the mainboard IDE or FDD connector and on
the device as well.

3. Connect an available power cable through your system power supply unit
to the back-panel of each peripheral device. Note that the power cable
is directional and cannot fit in if not properly positioned.

- 14 -

Step 5

Mount the Mainboard on the Computer Chassis

1. You may find that there are a lot of different mounting hole positions
both on your computer chassis and on the mainboard. To choose a
correct mounting hole, the key point is to keep the back-panel of the
mainboard in a close fit with your system case, as shown below.

2. After deciding on the proper mounting holes, position the studs between
the frame of chassis and the mainboard. The studs are used to fix the
mainboard and to keep a certain distance between the system chassis
and the mainboard, in order to avoid any electrical short between the
board and the metal frame of chassis. (If your computer case is
already equipped with mounting studs, you will need to tighten screws to
attach the mainboard.)

Note: In most computer housings, you will be able to find 4 or more

attachment points to install mounting studs and fix the mainboard.
If there arent enough matching holes, then make sure to install at
least 4 mounting studs to ensure proper attachment of the
mainboard.

- 15 -

Step 6

Connect Front-Panel Switches/LEDs/Speaker/USB connectors

You can find there are several different cables already existing in the system
case and originating from the computer's front-panel devices (HDD LED,
Power LED, Reset Switch, PC Speaker, or USB devices etc.) These cables
serve to connect the front-panel switches, LEDs, and USB connectors to the
mainboard's front-panel connectors group (PANEL1,SJ1,J1), as shown below.

1.PANEL1

(1). HDD_LED (HDD LED)
(2). Power_LED (Power LED)
(3). Hardware Reset Switch Button (Reset Switch)
(4). ATX Soft Power On/Off (Power Switch)
(5). Extended USB Header

910

Empty

Power
Switch

Power
LED

NC

4

Reset

3

Switch

2

1

HDD LED

PANEL1

y

t
p

m
E

h
c

t

i
w
S
r
e
w
o
P

D
E
L
r
e
w
o
P

2

910

C

/
N

h
c

t

i
w
S

t
e
s
e
R

D
E
L

D
D
H

1

2.USB 2

5

1

USBPWR1

USBPWR0

USB_FP_P1-

USB_FP_P0-

2

1

USB_FP_P1+

USB_FP_P0+

USB_FP_OC0

1

KEY

GROUND GROUND

USB2

- 16 -

3. Single color LED header(SJ1)

4.SPEAKER (SPEAKER 1)

SJ1

1

SPEAKER1

+

N

5

C

V

S

N

I

C

G
N
A
L

1

5. EPMI Header (J1)

- 17 -

1
J

Step 7

Connect IDE & Floppy Disk Drives

1. IDE cable connector

2. FDD cable connector

IDE1 IDE2

Step 8

Connect Other Internal Peripherals

1. CD1, CD2, and Front-Panel AUDIO1 connectors

1

AUDIO1

CD 1

FDD1

CD 2

- 18 -

2. IR connector(SIR1)

3. SPDIF connector(SPDIF1)

SIR1

Step 9

Connect Power Supply

1. System power connector

ATX 1

- 19 -

Step 10

Install Add-on Cards in Expansion Slots

1. PCI Card

2. AGP Card

3. CNR Card

Step 11

Connect External Peripherals to Back-Panel

You are now ready to put the computer
case back together and get on to the

external peripherals connections to
your system's back-panel.

- 20 -

KB1

AUDIO1

USB1 L AN1

1. PS2 Mouse and Keyboard

PS2 Mouse

PS2 keyboard

2. LAN Port

3. USB Ports

4. Parallel Port

LAN Port

USB Port 0

USB Port 1

Parallel Port

5. COM1 and VGA Ports

- 21 -

COM2 Port

foxconn

VGA Port

6. Audio Line_out, Line_in, Mic_In

7. MIDI/ Game Port

Line-Out Port

Line-In Port

MIDI/GAME Port

Mic-In Port

- 22 -

Step 12

Install Driver & Software Components

Please note that all the system utilities and drivers are designed for Win 9x /
2000/ME/NT operating systems . Make sure your operating system is already
installed before running the drivers installation CD-ROM programs.

1. Insert the MK77M-V bundled CD-ROM into your CD-ROM drive.
The auto-run program will display the drivers main installation window on
screen.

2. Select the Mainboard related program.

3. Install VIA 4-in-1 and AC97 Sound drivers.

4. Install VIA onchip VGA drivers.

5. Install LAN driver.

6. Exit from the auto-run drivers installation program.

 The LAN device driver can't be setup automatically, please refer to section

Chapter 4 Software Utility to manual installation.

- 23 -

3.2 Jumper Settings

Several hardware settings are made through the use of jumper caps to con­nect jumper pins to the mainboard. Pin #1 could be located at any corner of
each jumper; you just find a location marked with a while right angle, which
stands for pin1#. There are several types of pin 1# shown as below:

3-pin and multi-pin (>3) jumpers show as follows:
Pin #1 to the left:

Pin #1 on the top:

Pin #1 to the right:

Pin #1 on the bottom:

Jumpers with two pins are shown as for Close [On] or for
Open [Off]. To Short jumper pins, simply place a plastic jumper cap over the
desired pair of pins.

Caution!

1. Do not remove the mainboard from its antistatic protective packaging
until you are ready to install it.

2. Carefully hold the mainboard by its edges and avoid touching its
components. When putting the mainboard down, place it on the top of
its original packaging film and on an even surface, and components side
up.

3. Wear an antistatic wrist strap or take other suitable measures to prevent
electrostatic discharge (ESD) whenever handling this equipment.

- 24 -