MMKK7733LLEE
MK73LE
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
DOC. NO.: MK73LE-OL-E0201C
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MMKK7733LLEE
WWhhaatt’’ss iinn tthhiiss mmaannuuaall
MK73LE ....................................................................................................1
What’s in this manual ...........................................................................................................2
You Must Notice ................................................................................................................... 9
Before You Start .................................................................................................................10
Overview ............................................................................................................................11
Feature Highlight................................................................................................................ 12
Quick Installation Procedure............................................................................................... 16
Motherboard Map ............................................................................................................... 17
Hardware Installation ..........................................................................18
JP14 Clear CMOS Data......................................................................................................19
CPU Installation ................................................................................................................. 20
JP21 Adjust FSB/PCI Clock ................................................................................................21
CPU Jumper-less Design ...................................................................................................25
Setting CPU Core Voltage .................................................................................................. 26
CPU and Housing Fan Connector (With H/W Monitoring)...................................................27
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DIMM Socket ......................................................................................................................28
Front Panel Connector .......................................................................................................29
ATX Power Connector ........................................................................................................31
AC Power Auto Recovery ...................................................................................................32
IDE and Floppy Connector .................................................................................................33
IrDA Connector...................................................................................................................36
WOM (Zero Voltage Wake on Modem) Connector ..............................................................37
WOL (Wake on LAN) .......................................................................................................... 40
CNR Expansion Slot...........................................................................................................42
PC99 Color Coded Back Panel...........................................................................................43
COM2 Connector................................................................................................................44
Support 2nd USB Port .........................................................................................................45
CD Audio Connector...........................................................................................................46
Modem Audio Connector ....................................................................................................47
AUX-IN Connector..............................................................................................................48
Front Audio Connector ....................................................................................................... 49
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Battery-less and Long Life Design......................................................................................50
Over-current Protection ......................................................................................................51
Hardware Monitoring ..........................................................................................................53
Resettable Fuse .................................................................................................................54
Year 2000 (Y2K).................................................................................................................55
Low ESR Capacitor ............................................................................................................57
Layout (Frequency Isolation Wall) ...................................................................................... 59
Driver and Utility ..................................................................................60
Autorun Menu from Bonus CD Disc....................................................................................61
Installing Windows 95.........................................................................................................62
Installing Windows 98.........................................................................................................63
Installing Windows 98 SE, Windows ME & Windows2000 ..................................................64
Installing VIA 4 in 1 Driver ..................................................................................................65
Installing Onboard Sound Driver.........................................................................................66
Installing Onboard Creative Sound Driver (Optional)..........................................................67
Installing Onboard AGP Driver............................................................................................68
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Installing Hardware Monitoring Utility ................................................................................. 69
ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive ..............................................................................................70
ACPI Suspend to RAM (STR) .............................................................................................77
AWARD BIOS ........................................................................................79
How To Use Award™ BIOS Setup Program........................................................................ 80
How To Enter BIOS Setup .................................................................................................. 82
BIOS Upgrade ....................................................................................................................83
Overclocking ........................................................................................85
VGA Card & Hard Disk .......................................................................................................87
Glossary ...............................................................................................88
AC97 .................................................................................................................................. 88
ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface).............................................................88
AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port)......................................................................................... 89
AMR (Audio/Modem Riser) .................................................................................................89
AOpen Bonus Pack CD ......................................................................................................89
APM (Advanced Power Management) ................................................................................90
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ATA (AT Attachment) ..........................................................................................................90
ATA/66................................................................................................................................90
ATA/100.............................................................................................................................. 90
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) .....................................................................................91
Bus Master IDE (DMA mode) .............................................................................................91
CNR (Communication and Networking Riser) .....................................................................91
CODEC (Coding and Decoding) ......................................................................................... 92
DIMM (Dual In Line Memory Module) .................................................................................92
ECC (Error Checking and Correction) ................................................................................92
EDO (Extended Data Output) Memory ...............................................................................93
EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable ROM) .........................................................93
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)............................................................................ 93
EV6 Bus .............................................................................................................................94
FCC DoC (Declaration of Conformity) ................................................................................94
FC-PGA (Flip Chip-Pin Grid Array) .....................................................................................94
Flash ROM .........................................................................................................................95
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MMKK7733LLEE
FSB (Front Side Bus) Clock ...............................................................................................95
I2C Bus ...............................................................................................................................95
IEEE 1394 ..........................................................................................................................96
Parity Bit............................................................................................................................. 96
PBSRAM (Pipelined Burst SRAM) ......................................................................................97
PC-100 DIMM.....................................................................................................................97
PC-133 DIMM.....................................................................................................................97
PCI (Peripheral Component Interface) Bus ........................................................................97
PDF Format........................................................................................................................98
PnP (Plug and Play) ........................................................................................................... 98
POST (Power-On Self Test)................................................................................................98
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM)................................................................................................... 99
RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) .............................................................................99
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM) ...........................................................................................99
Shadow E2PROM .............................................................................................................100
SIMM (Single In Line Memory Module)............................................................................. 100
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SMBus (System Management Bus) .................................................................................. 100
SPD (Serial Presence Detect) .......................................................................................... 101
UltraATA ...........................................................................................................................101
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ..............................................................................................102
VCM (Virtual Channel Memory) ........................................................................................102
ZIP file..............................................................................................................................102
Troubleshooting .................................................................................103
Technical Support ..............................................................................107
Product Registration ..........................................................................111
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YYoouu MMuusstt NNoottiiccee
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat is trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
AMD, the AMD logo, Athlon and Duron are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium III are trademarks of Intel Corporation.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.
All product and brand names used on this manual are used for identification purposes only and
may be the registered trademarks of their respective owners.
All of the specifications and information contained in this manual are subject to change without
notice. AOpen reserves the right to revise this publication and to make reasonable changes.
AOpen assumes no responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this manual,
including the products and software described in it.
This documentation is protected by copyright law. All rights are reserved.
No part of this document may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, or
stored in a database or retrieval system without prior written permission from AOpen
Corporation.
Copyright
©
1996-2000, AOpen Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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BBeeffoorree YYoouu SSttaarrtt
This Online Manual will introduce to the user how this product is installed. All useful information
will be described in later chapters. Please keep this manual carefully for future upgrades or
system configuration changes. This Online Manual is saved in PDF format
Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.0 for online viewing, it is included in Bonus CD disc
download from Adobe web site
Although this Online Manual is optimized for screen viewing, it is still capable for hardcopy
printing, you can print it by A4 paper size and set 2 pages per A4 sheet on your printer. To do so,
choose File > Page Setup and follow the instruction of your printer driver.
Thanks for the help of saving our earth.
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, we recommend using
or you can get free
.
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MMKK7733LLEE
engine to deliver rich graphics capabilities for running 2D/3D software and Internet applications.
Through its advanced memory controller architecture, this motherboard supports up to 1.0GB of
PC133 SDRAM
transfer rate up to the latest high-speed 100MB/s. Further flexibility can be achieved by taking
advantage of the Communication and Network Riser (CNR) card option that allows audio or
modem configuration on a single baseboard design. Besides, on the strength of built in AC97
CODEC
surround. Now, enjoy all features from AOpen MK73LE.
OOvveerrvviieeww
Thank you very much for choosing AOpen MK73LE. It is an
®
Socket 462 motherboard based on the Micro ATX
AMD
form factor featuring the VIA KLE133 chipset
performance chipset built in the M/B, the MK73LE supports
both AMD
processor in 200MHz Front Side bus (FSB)
performance, it integrates a Trident Blade3D AGP graphics
. The on-board IDE controller supports UltraATA 33/66/100 mode and the
controller, it can bring you the high quality multimedia capabilities with the magic stereo
®
Socket 462 series Athlon™ & Duron™
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. As high
. As to the AGP
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FFeeaattuurree HHiigghhlliigghhtt
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CPU
Supports AMD® Socket 462 Athlon® & Duron® 600MHz~950MHz+ with 100/133MHz Front Side
Bus designed for Socket 462 technology.
Chipset
The VIA Apollo KLE133 is a high performance, cost-effective and energy efficient chipset for the
implementation of computer system with 100MHz CPU FSB frequencies and based on 64-bit
Socket 462 CPU. The VIA Apollo KLE133 integrates Trident Blade 2D/3D graphic accelerator
into a single BGA package, which provides you the better capabilities for demanding software
and Internet multimedia applications with comprehensive driver support. The VIA Apollo KLE133
provides superior performance between the CPU, DRAM, AGP bus and PCI bus.
Expansion Slots
Including three 32-bit / 33MHz PCI and CNR slots. The PCI local bus throughput can be up to
132MB/s. The
support Audio/Modem card CNR interface.
CNR (Communication and Networking Riser)
slot provided by MK73LE can
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Memory
The MK73LE supports both PC100 and PC133 SDRAM, which allows zero wait state bursting
between the DRAM and the data buffers at 100/133MHz. The two banks of DIMM slots can be
composed of an arbitrary mixture of 1M/2M/4M/8M/16M/32MxN DRAMs. The DRAM controller
can run at either the host CPU bus frequency (66/100/133MHz) or pseudo-synchronous to the
CPU bus frequency.
Onboard Trident Blade3D Graphics Engine
This motherboard integrates the rich AGP graphics capabilities of the Trident Blade3D graphics
engine, which provides full AGP 2.0 capability for maximum bus utilization including 1X/2X/4X
mode transfers, SBA (Side Band Addressing), Flush/Fence commands, and pipelined grants.
The AGP 4X specification provides a new level of video display sophistication and speed. The
AGP 4X video cards support data transfer rates up to 533MB/s.
Ultra ATA 33/66/100 Enhanced IDE
Ultra ATA/100 is the latest version of the ATA hard drive data transfer protocol. This motherboard
comes with an on-board PCI Bus Master IDE controller with two connectors that supports four
IDE devices in two channels, supports Ultra ATA 33/66/100, PIO Modes 3 and 4 and Bus Master
IDE DMA Mode 4, and supports Enhanced IDE devices.
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On-board AC97 Sound
This motherboard uses AC97 sound chip which includes the complete capability of audio
recording and playback system.
Power Management/Plug and Play
Supports the power management function that confirms to the power-saving standards of the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Energy Star program. It also offers Plug-and-Play,
which helps save users from configuration problems, thus making system user-friendly.
Hardware Monitoring Management
Supports CPU or system fans status, temperature, voltage monitoring and alert through the
on-board hardware monitor module and
AOpen Hardware Monitoring Utility
.
Enhanced ACPI
Fully implements the ACPI standard for Windows® 95/98/ME/NT/2000 series compatibility, and
supports Soft-Off, STR (Suspend to RAM, S3), STD (Suspend to Disk, S4), WOM (Wake On
Modem), and WOL (Wake On LAN) features.
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Super Multi-I/O
Provides two high-speed UART compatible serial ports and one parallel port with EPP and ECP
capabilities. UART2 can also be directed from COM2 to the Infrared Module for the wireless
connections.
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MMKK7733LLEE
QQuuiicckk IInnssttaallllaattiioonn PPrroocceedduurree
This page gives you a quick procedure on how to install your system. Follow each step
accordingly.
1 Installing CPU and Fan
2 Installing System Memory (DIMM)
3 Connecting Front Panel Cable
4 Connecting IDE and Floppy Cable
5 Connecting ATX Power Cable
6 Connecting Back Panel Cable
7 Power-on and Load BIOS Setup Default
8 Setting CPU Frequency
9 Reboot
10 Installing Operating System (such as Windows 98)
11 Installing Driver and Utility
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MODEM-CN Connector (Red)
AUX-IN Connector (Green)
Onboard AC’97 CODEC
CD-IN Connector (Black)
32-bit PCI Slot x3
WOM Connector
(Wake On MODEM)
CNR Expansion Slot
WOL Connecto
(Wake On LAN)
Creative CT5880 Audio
Controller (Optional)
Front Audio Connecto
IrDA Connector
COM2 Connector
FAN3 Connector
GPO Connector
FAN2 Connecto
Front Panel Connecto
2MB Flash ROM BIOS
Support 2nd USB ports
JP14 Clear CMOS
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Motherboard Map
PC99 Colored Back Connector
Low ESR Capacitors
462-pin CPU Socket
Supports 200MHz FSB
for AMD Duron / Athlon
VIA Apollo KLE133 Chipset
CPUFAN Connector
PC-100/133 DIMM Socket x2
TX Power Connector
Ultra ATA/100 IDE Connector
JP21 FSB Select
FDD Connector
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HHaarrddwwaarree IInnssttaallllaattiioonn
This chapter describes jumpers, connectors and hardware devices of this motherboard.
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Note: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage your processor, disk
drives, expansion boards, and other components. Always observe the
following precautions before you install a system component.
1. Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until
you are ready to install it.
2. Wear a wrist ground strap and attach it to a metal part of the
system unit before handling a component. If a wrist strap is not
available, maintain contact with the system unit throughout any
procedure requiring ESD protection.
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JJPP1144 CClleeaarr CCMMOOSS DDaattaa
Pin 1
1
Normal Operation
(default)
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You can clear CMOS to restore system default setting.
To clear the CMOS, follow the procedure below.
1. Turn off the system and unplug the AC power.
2. Remove ATX power cable from connector PWR2.
3. Locate JP14 and short both pin 2 and pin 3 for a
few seconds.
. Return JP14 to its normal setting by shorting pins 1
and pin2.
Tip: When should I Clear CMOS?
1. Boot fail because of overclocking…
2. Forget password…
3. Troubleshooting…
1
Clear CMOS
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t
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MMKK7733LLEE
CCPPUU IInnssttaallllaattiioonn
This motherboard supports AMD® Athlon and Duron Socket 462 CPU. Beware of CPU orientation
when you plug it into CPU socket.
CPU socket
Lever
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1. Pull CPU socket lever and up to 90-degree
angle.
2. Locate Pin 1 on the socket and look for a black
dot or cut edge on the CPU upper left. Match Pin
1 and cut edge. Then insert CPU into the socket.
3. Press down CPU socket lever to finish CPU
installation.
Note: If you do not match CPU socke
Pin 1 and cut edge well, you ma
damage the CPU.
CPU Pin1
and cut edge
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JJPP2211 AAddjjuusstt FFSSBB//PPCCII CClloocckk
This jumper is used to define the relationship between PCI and FSB clock. Generally speaking,
if you are not an overclocker, we recommend you to remain the default setting.
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FSB=100MHz
(Default)
FSB=133MHz
Pin 1
JP21 FSB Select Jumper
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PCI Clock = CPU FSB Clock / Clock Ratio
Clock Ratio CPU (Host) PCI Memory
3X 100 33 PCI x3 or x4
3X (Overclocking) 112 37.3 PCI x3 or x4
4X 133 33 PCI x3 or x4
Warning: VIA KLE133 chipset supports maximum 200MH
FSB, but higher clock setting may cause serious system damage.
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SSuuppppoorrtteedd CCPPUU FFrreeqquueennccy
Core Frequency = CPU FSB Clock * CPU Ratio
Home
y
Tip: If your system hangs or fails to boo
because of overclocking, simply use <Home>
key to restore the default setting.
CPU CPU Core
Athlon 600 600 MHz 200MHz 6x
Athlon 650 650 MHz 200MHz 6.5x
Athlon 700 700 MHz 200MHz 7x
Athlon 750 750 MHz 200MHz 7.5x
Athlon 800 800 MHz 200MHz 8x
Athlon 850 850 MHz 200MHz 8.5x
Athlon 900 900MHz 200MHz 9x
Athlon 950 950MHz 200MHz 9.5x
Duron 600 600 MHz 200MHz 6x
Duron 650 650 MHz 200MHz 6.5x
Duron 700 700 MHz 200MHz 7x
Frequency
EV6 Bus
Clock
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Ratio
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Duron 750 750 MHz 200MHz 7.5x
Duron 800 800 MHz 200MHz 8x
Duron 850 850 MHz 200MHz 8.5x
Duron 900 900 MHz 200MHz 9x
Duron 950 950 MHz 200MHz 9.5x
Note: It is not recommended to install those CPUs
higher than 1 GHz on this motherboard.
Warning: VIA KLE133 chipset supports
maximum 100MHz / 133MHz SDRAM Bus
and 66MHz AGP clock, higher clock setting
may cause serious system damage.
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MMKK7733LLEE
CCPPUU JJuummppeerr--lleessss DDeessiiggnn
CPU VID signal and SMbus clock generator provide CPU voltage auto-detection and allow users
to set CPU frequency through the BIOS setup
Because the CPU information has been saved to BIOS, you will never worry about losing CMOS
due to battery running out and wrong CPU voltage detection.
CPU VID signal
AMD Socket 462
Athlon & Duron
CPU
CPU voltage
Power Regulator
(Automatically generates CPU voltage)
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, therefore no jumpers or switches are used.
Clock
Generator
CPU Freq. Ratio
BIOS
Controlled
Circuit
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MMKK7733LLEE
SSeettttiinngg CCPPUU CCoorree VVoollttaaggee
This motherboard supports CPU VID function. The CPU core voltage will be automatically
detected. It is not necessary to set CPU Core Voltage.
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MMKK7733LLEE
CCPPUU aanndd HHoouussiinngg FFaann CCoonnnneeccttoorr
((WWiitthh HH//WW MMoonniittoorriinngg))
Plug in the CPU fan cable to the 3-pin CPUFAN connector. If you have a housing fan, you can
also plug it in FAN2 connector.
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CPUFAN
GND SENSOR
Note: Some CPU fans do not have
sensor pins; therefore, they canno
support fan monitoring.
FAN2
+12V
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DDIIMMMM SSoocckkeett
This motherboard has two 168-pin DIMM sockets that allow you to install PC100 or PC133
memory up to 1.0GB.
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DIMM1
DIMM2
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&
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FFrroonntt PPaanneell CCoonnnneeccttoorr
IDE LED
Speaker
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Attach power LED, EMPI, speaker, powe
and reset switch connectors to th
corresponding pins. If you enable “Suspend
Mode” item in BIOS Setup, the ACPI
Power LED will keep flashing while th
system is in suspend mode.
Locate the power switch cable from your
ATX housing. It is 2-pin female connector
from housing front panel. Plug this
connector to the soft-power switch
connector marked SPWR.
1
+
+
SPWR
ACPI &
+
Power LED
+
Reset
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Suspend to RAM (S3) or Suspend to Disk (S4) The LED will be turned off
Suspend Type ACPI LED
Power on Suspend (S1) Flashing every second
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MMKK7733LLEE
AATTXX PPoowweerr CCoonnnneeccttoorr
The ATX power supply uses 20-pin connector shown below. Make sure you plug it in the right
direction.
COM
+5V
COM
+3.3V
+3.3V
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+5V
COM
PW-OK
5VSB
+12V
+3.3V
-12V
COM
PS-ON
COM
+5V
+5V
-5V
COM
COM
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AACC PPoowweerr AAuuttoo RReeccoovveerryy
A traditional ATX system remains power-off stage when AC power resumes from power failure.
This design is inconvenient for a network server or workstation, without an UPS, that always
needs to keep power-on. This motherboard implements an AC Power Auto Recovery function to
solve this problem.
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IIDDEE aanndd FFllooppppyy CCoonnnneeccttoorr
Connect 34-pin floppy cable and 40-pin IDE cable to floppy connector FDC and IDE connector.
The blue connector is IDE1 for clear identification. Beware of the pin1 orientation. Wrong
orientation may cause system damage.
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Pin 1
FDD Connector
Primary
Slave (2nd)
Pin 1
Secondary
Slave (4th)
IDE Connector
Primary
Master (1st)
IDE1 (Primary)
IDE2 (Secondary)
Secondary
Master (3rd)
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IDE1 is also known as the primary channel and IDE2 as the secondary channel. Each channel
supports two IDE devices that make a total of four devices. In order to work together, the two
devices on each channel must be set respectively to Master and Slave mode. Either one can be
the hard disk or the CDROM. The setting as master or slave mode depends on the jumper on
your IDE device. Please refer to your hard disk and CDROM manual accordingly.
Warning: The standard length of IDE cable is
46cm (18 inches); make sure your cable does
not exceed this length.
Tip: For better signal quality, it is recommended
to set the far end side device to master mode.
Please follow the suggested sequence to install
your new device and refer to the diagram on
revious page.
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This motherboard supports Ultra ATA33, ATA6 6 and ATA100 IDE devices. Following table lists
the transfer rate of IDE PIO and DMA modes. The IDE bus is 16-bit, which means every transfer
is two bytes.
Mode Clock Period Clock
PIO mode 0 30ns 20 600ns (1/600ns) x 2byte = 3.3MB/s
PIO mode 1 30ns 13 383ns (1/383ns) x 2byte = 5.2MB/s
PIO mode 2 30ns 8 240ns (1/240ns) x 2byte = 8.3MB/s
PIO mode 3 30ns 6 180ns (1/180ns) x 2byte = 11.1MB/s
PIO mode 4 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte = 16.6MB/s
DMA mode 0 30ns 16 480ns (1/480ns) x 2byte = 4.16MB/s
DMA mode 1 30ns 5 150ns (1/150ns) x 2byte = 13.3MB/s
DMA mode 2 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte = 16.6MB/s
UDMA 33 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte x2 = 33MB/s
UDMA 66 30ns 2 60ns (1/60ns) x 2byte x2 = 66MB/s
UDMA100 20ns 2 40ns (1/40ns) x 2byte x2 = 100MB/s
Cycle Time Data Transfer Rate
Count
Tip: To achieve best performance of Ultra ATA 66/100 har
disks, a special 80-wires IDE cable for Ultra ATA 66/100 is
required.
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IIrrDDAA CCoonnnneeccttoorr
The IrDA connector can be configured to support wireless infrared module. With this module and
application software such as Laplink or Windows 95 Direct Cable Connection, user can transfer
files to or from laptops, notebooks, PDA devices and printers. This connector supports HPSIR
(115.2Kbps, 2 meters) and ASK-IR (56Kbps).
Install the infrared module onto the IrDA connector and enable the infrared function from BIOS
Setup, UART2 Mode
connector.
; make sure to have correct orientation when you plug in the IrDA
NC
+5V GND
IR_TX IR_RX
Pin 1
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Pin 1
+5VSB
NC
RI-
GND
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MMKK7733LLEE
WWOOMM ((ZZeerroo VVoollttaaggee WWaakkee oonn MMooddeemm)) CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This motherboard implements special circuit to support Wake On Modem, both Internal modem
card and external box modem are supported. Since Internal modem card consumes no power
when system power is off, it is recommended to use an internal modem. To use internal modem,
connect 4-pin cable from RING connector of modem card to the WOM connector on the
motherboard.
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WWOOMM bbyy EExxtteerrnnaall BBOOXX MMooddeem
Traditional Green PC suspend mode does not really turn off the system power supply, it uses
external box modem to trigger MB COM port and resume back to active.
m
Pin 1
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(Modem Side)
Serial Port
Serial Port
(Motherboard Side)
38
r
WOM Connecto
(Motherboard Side)
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WWOOMM bbyy IInntteerrnnaall MMooddeemm CCaarrd
d
With the help of the ATX soft power On/Off, it
is possible to have a system totally power off,
and wakeup to automatically answer a phone
call as an answering machine or to
send/receive a fax. You may identify whether
or not your system is in true power off mode
by checking to see if the fan of your power
supply is off. Both an external box modem and
an internal modem card can be used to
support Modem Wake Up, but if you use an
external modem, you have to leave your box
modem on.
WOM Connector
(Modem Card Side)
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Note: Location of WOM connectors on both
motherboard and modem card may be
different from the illustration due to various
motherboards and modem cards.
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WWOOLL ((WWaakkee oonn LLAANN))
This feature is very similar as Wake On Modem, but it goes through local area network. To use
Wake On LAN function, you must have a network card with chipset that supports this feature,
and connect a cable from LAN card to motherboard WOL connector. The system identification
information (probably IP address) is stored on network card and because there is a lot of traffic
on the Ethernet, you need to install network management software, such as ADM, for the
checking of how to wake up the system. Note that, at least 600mA ATX standby current is
required to support the LAN card for this function.
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LID
GND
+5VSB
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MMKK7733LLEE
WOL Connector
(Motherboard Side)
Note: Location of WOM connectors on both
motherboard and modem card may be
different from the illustration due to various
motherboards and modem cards.
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WOL Connector
(Ethernet Card Side)
41
MMKK7733LLEE
CCNNRR EExxppaannssiioonn SSlloott
CNR (Communication and Network Riser) is a riser card specification to replace the AMR (Audio
/ Modem Riser)
networking. Owing to CPU computing power getting stronger, the digital processing job can be
implemented in main chipset and share CPU power. The analogy conversion (CODEC
requires a different and separate circuit design, which is put on CNR card. This motherboard
implements sound CODEC on board (can be disabled in BIOS), but reserves CNR slot for the
option of modem function. Note that you can still use PCI modem card. And due to hardware
limitation, if the motherboard you purchased implements an optional Creative CT5880 Audio
Controller, then there will not be CNR expansion slot on your motherboard.
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that supports V.90 analog modem, multi-channel audio, and phone-line based
) circuit
42
MMKK7733LLEE
PPCC9999 CCoolloorr CCooddeedd BBaacckk PPaanneell
The onboard I/O devices are PS/2 Keyboard, PS/2 Mouse, COM1 and 15-pin D-Sub connector,
Printer, four USB
the back panel of the housing.
PS/2 Mouse
Connector
PS/2 Keyboard
Connector
PS/2 Keyboard: For standard keyboard, which is using a PS/2 plug.
PS/2 Mouse: For PC-Mouse, which is using a PS/2 plug.
USB Port: Available for connecting USB devices.
Parallel Port: To connect with SPP/ECP/EPP printer.
COM1/COM2 Port: To connect with pointing devices, modem or others serial devices.
VGA Connector: To connect with PC monitor.
Speaker Out: To External Speaker, Earphone or Amplifier.
Line-In: Comes from the signal sources, such as CD/Tape player.
MIC-In: From Microphone.
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, AC97 sound and game ports. The view angle of drawing shown here is from
USB
Connectors
COM 1 Port
SPP/EPP/ECP
Parallel Port
15-pin D-Sub
VGA Connector
MIDI/Game Port
MIC-In
Line-In
Speaker Out
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CCOOMM22 CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This motherboard provides two serial ports. One of them are on back panel connector, the other
is on the up-middle area of this motherboard. With proper cable, you can connect it to the back
panel of chassis.
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Pin 1
DCD#
SOUT
GND
R 1#
RTS#
DTR#
DSR#
CTS#
44
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SSuuppppoorrtt 2
This motherboard can support up to four USB ports. Two of them are built on the back panel,
and one USB header on the motherboard can provide two more ports by connecting a proper
USB cable. After connecting the USB header, please screw the bracket on the other end of
USB cable to the back housing. Thus you can take good advantage of these four USB
compatible ports.
nd
nd
2
UUSSBB PPoorrtt
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1 2
+5V
SBD2-
SBD2+
GND
KEY
USB Ports
Pin 1
Connect to USB
header
+5V
SBD3-
SBD3+
GND
NC
9 10
45
MMKK7733LLEE
CCDD AAuuddiioo CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This black connector is used to connect CD Audio cable from CDROM or DVD drive to onboard
sound.
GND
GND
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L
R
CD-IN
46
MMKK7733LLEE
MMooddeemm AAuuddiioo CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This connector is used to connect Mono In/Mic Out cable from internal modem card to onboard
sound circuit. The pin 1-2 is Mono In, and the pin 3-4 is Mic Out. Please note that there is no
standard for this kind of connector yet, only some internal modem cards implement this
connector.
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MONO IN
GND
GND
MIC OUT
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AAUUXX--IINN CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This GREEN connector is used to connect MPEG Audio cable from MPEG card to onboard
sound.
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L
GND
GND
R
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MMKK7733LLEE
FFrroonntt AAuuddiioo CCoonnnneeccttoorr
If the housing has been design with an audio port on the front panel, you’ll be able to connect
onboard audio to front panel through this connector.
FP_MIC
FP_VREF
PHONE_R
NC
PHONE_L
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Front Audio Connector
Pin 1
1 2
GND
+5V
NC
NC
9 10
49
A
MMKK7733LLEE
BBaatttteerryy--lleessss aanndd LLoonngg LLiiffee DDeessiiggnn
This Motherboard implements Flash ROM and a special circuit that allows you to save your
current CPU and CMOS Setup configurations without the need of a battery. The RTC (real time
clock) can also keep running as long as the power cord is plugged. If you lose your CMOS data
by accident, you can just reload the CMOS configurations from Flash ROM and the system will
recover as usual.
ATX standby power Battery
RTC real time clock
Flash
ROM
Auto Switch
00:00:00
CMOS
uto switching to ATX standby
power as long as AC power line is
plugged. This smart design
increases battery life if you still plug
battery on motherboard.
Backup by EEPROM
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50
MMKK7733LLEE
OOvveerr--ccuurrrreenntt PPrrootteeccttiioonn
The Over Current Protection was very popular implemented on ATX 3.3V/5V/12V switching
power supply. However, the new generation CPU uses different voltage that has regulator to
transfer 5V to CPU voltage (for example, 2.0V), and makes 5V over current protection useless.
This motherboard is with switching regulator onboard supports CPU over-current protection; in
conjunction with 3.3V/5V/12V power supply provide the full line over-current protection.
ATX
Switching
Power
Supply
12V (Protected by power supply)
3.3V (Protected by power supply)
5V (Protected by power supply)
Onboard
Power
Regulator
Over-Current
Protection
Circuit
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CPU Core Voltage
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MMKK7733LLEE
Note: Although we have implemented protection circuit to prevent any
human operating mistake, there is still certain risk that CPU, memory,
HDD, add-on cards installed on this motherboard may be damaged
because of component failure, human operating error or unknown
nature reason. AOpen cannot guarantee the protection circuit will
always work perfectly.
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MMKK7733LLEE
HHaarrddwwaarree MMoonniittoorriinngg
This motherboard implements a hardware monitoring system. As you turn on your system, this
smart design will continue to monitor your system’s working voltage, fan status and CPU
temperature. If any of those systems’ status goes wrong, there will be an alarm through the
AOpen Hardware Monitoring Utility
Fan
CPU
Power
to warn the user.
Fan Speed
CPU Temperature
CPU Voltage
System Voltage
Detection
Circuit
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AOpen
HWMON
Utility
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MMKK7733LLEE
RReesseettttaabbllee FFuussee
Traditional motherboard has fuse for Keyboard and USB port to prevent over-current or shortage.
These fuses are soldered onboard that when it is broken (did the job to protect motherboard),
user still cannot replace it and the motherboard is still malfunction.
With expensive Resettable Fuse, the motherboard can back to normal function after fuse did the
protection job.
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54
MMKK7733LLEE
YYeeaarr 22000000 ((YY22KK))
Y2K is basically a problem of the identification of year code. To save storage space, traditional
software uses only two digits for year identification. For example, 98 for 1998 and 99 for 1999,
but 00 will be confused with 1900 and 2000.
There is an RTC circuit (Real Time Clock) in conjunction with 128 bytes of CMOS RAM data in
the chipset of the motherboard. The RTC has only two digits and the CMOS has another 2 digits.
Unfortunately, this circuit’s behavior is like this 1997 1998 1999 1900, that means it may
have the Y2K problem. Below is a diagram of how applications work with the OS, BIOS and RTC.
In order to keep the best compatibility in the PC industry there is a rule that applications must
call the OS to get services and OS must call the BIOS, and then only BIOS is allowed to access
the hardware (RTC) directly.
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MMKK7733LLEE
There is a Tick Routine (that goes live around every 50m sec) in the BIOS to keep record of
date/time information. In general the BIOS, this Tick Routine does not update the CMOS every
time because the CMOS is a very slow device that degrades system performance. The Tick
Routine of the AOpen BIOS has 4 digits for year coding, as long as applications and the
operating system follow the rule to get date/time information. There will be no Y2K problem
(such as NSTL’s test program). But unfortunately again, we found some test programs (such as
Checkit 98) accesses RTC/CMOS directly. This motherboard has hardware Y2K checking
and protection that ensures risk free operation.
Applications
Operating System (such as Windows 98)
BIOS (Tick Routine)
RTC and CMOS data
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MMKK7733LLEE
LLooww EESSRR CCaappaacciittoorr
The quality of low ESR capacitor (Low Equivalent Series Resistance) is very important for the
stability of CPU power especially during high frequency operation. The location of these
capacitors requires well-experienced and precise calculation.
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MMKK7733LLEE
The power circuit of the CPU core voltage must be checked to ensure system stability for high
speed CPUs (such as the new Pentium III, or when overclocking). A typical CPU core voltage is
2.0V, so a good design should control voltage between 1.860V and 2.140V. That is, the transient
must be below 280mV. Below is a timing diagram captured by a Digital Storage Scope, it shows
the voltage transient is only 143mv even when maximum 18A current is applied.
Note: This diagram for example only, it may not be exactly the
same as this motherboard.
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58
f
f
MMKK7733LLEE
LLaayyoouutt ((FFrreeqquueennccyy IIssoollaattiioonn WWaallll))
Note: This diagram is only for example; it
may not be exactly the same as this
For high frequency operation, especially
overclocking, layout is the most important
factor to make sure chipset and CPU
working in stable condition. The layout o
this motherboard implements AOpen’s
unique design called “ Frequency Isolation
Wall”. Separating each critical portion o
motherboard into regions where each
region operates in a same or similar
frequency range to avoid cross talk and
frequency interference between each
region’s operations and condition. The
trace length and route must be calculated
carefully. For example, the clock trace
must be equal length (not necessarily as
short as possible) so that clock skew will
be controlled within few a pico second
12
Sec)
(1/10
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59
MMKK7733LLEE
DDrriivveerr aanndd UUttiilliittyy
There are motherboard drivers and utilities included in AOpen Bonus CD disc. You don’t need to
install all of them in order to boot your system. But after you finish the hardware installation, you
have to install your operation system first (such as Windows 98) before you can install any
drivers or utilities. Please refer to your operation system’s installation guide.
Note: Please follow recommended procedure
to install Windows 95
and Windows 98.
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MMKK7733LLEE
AAuuttoorruunn MMeennuu ffrroomm BBoonnuuss CCDD DDiisscc
You can use the autorun menu of Bonus CD disc. Choose the utility and driver and select model
name.
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61
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowwss 9955
1. Install Windows 95 OSR2 v2.1, 1212 or 1214 version and later with USB support.
2. Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver
3. Finally, Install other add-on cards and their drivers.
Otherwise, you need to install USBSUPP.EXE.
, which includes VIA AGP Vxd driver, VIA ATAPI Vendor Support
driver and VIA registry (INF) program.
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MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowwss 9988
1. Enable USB Controller in BIOS Setup > Advanced Chipset Features > OnChip USB, to
2. Install Window 98 into your system.
3. Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver
4. Finally, Install other add-on cards and their drivers.
make BIOS fully capable of controlling IRQ assignment.
, which includes VIA AGP Vxd driver, IRQ Routing, VIA ATAPI
Vendor Support driver and VIA registry (INF) program.
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63
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowwss 9988 SSEE,, WWiinnddoowwss MMEE &&
WWiinnddoowwss22000000
If you are using Windows® 98 Second Edition, Windows® Millennium Edition or Windows® 2000,
you do not need to install the 4-in-1 driver as the IRQ Routing Driver and the ACPI Registry are
already incorporated into the operating system. Users with Windows
Registry INF and AGP drivers by installing them individually.
Please refer to VIA Technologies Inc.
http://www.via.com/
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®
98 SE may update the VIA
for latest version of 4 in 1 driver:
64
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg VVIIAA 44 iinn 11 DDrriivveerr
You can install the VIA 4 in 1 driver (IDE Bus master (For Windows NT use), VIA ATAPI Vendor
Support Driver, VIA
from the Bonus Pack CD disc Autorun menu.
Warning: If you want to uninstall the VIA AGP Vxd driver, please remove
the AGP card driver first. Otherwise, the screen may go black at rebooting
after the un-installation.
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, IRQ Routing Driver (For Windows 98 use), VIA Registry (INF) Driver)
AGP
Note: Installing this Bus Master
IDE driver may cause Suspend
to Hard Drive failure.
65
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg OOnnbbooaarrdd SSoouunndd DDrriivveerr
This motherboard comes with an AC97 CODEC and the sound controller is in VIA South Bridge
chipset. You can find the audio driver from the Bonus Pack CD disc Autorun menu.
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66
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg OOnnbbooaarrdd CCrreeaattiivvee SSoouunndd DDrriivveerr ((OOppttiioonnaall))
This motherboard comes with an optional Creative CT5800 audio controller. If the motherboard
you purchased has this built-in function, please install Creative Sound Driver in Autorun menu
rather than VIA PCI Audio Driver.
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MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg OOnnbbooaarrdd AAGGPP DDrriivveerr
VIA KLE133 chipset integrates a 2D/3D graphics accelerator, which provides AGP 2X incredible
performance to access main memory at over 1GB/s. You can find the AGP driver from the
autorun menu of Bonus Pack CD.
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68
MMKK7733LLEE
IInnssttaalllliinngg HHaarrddwwaarree MMoonniittoorriinngg UUttiilliittyy
You can install Hardware Monitoring Utility to monitor CPU temperature, fans and system
voltage. The hardware monitoring function is automatically implemented by the BIOS and utility
software. No hardware installation is needed.
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69
MMKK7733LLEE
AACCPPII SSuussppeenndd ttoo HHaarrdd DDrriivvee
ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive is basically controlled by Windows operation system. It saves your
current work (system status, memory and screen image) into hard disk, and then the system can
be totally power off. Next time, when power is on, you can resume your original work directly
from hard disk within few seconds without go through the Windows booting process and run your
application again. If your memory is 64MB, normally, you need to reserve at least 64MB HDD
space to save your memory image.
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MMKK7733LLEE
When power-on next time:
When go into Suspend:
System
Image &
Status
System
Image &
Status
Save into
Restore within
seconds
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Hard
Disk
Hard
Disk
71
MMKK7733LLEE
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
System Requirement
1. AOZVHDD.EXE 1.30b or later.
2. Delete config.sys and autoexec.bat.
Fresh installation of Windows 98 on a new system
1. Execute "Setup.exe /p j" to install Windows 98
2. After Windows 98's installation is complete, go to the Control Panel > Power Management.
a. Set Power Schemes > System Standby to "Never".
b. Click on "Hibernate" and select "Enable Hibernate Support" then "Apply".
c. Click on the "Advanced" tab, you'll see "Hibernate" on "Power Buttons". Note that this
option will only be seen after step b mentioned above has been completed, otherwise
only "Standby" and "Shutdown" will be shown. Select "Hibernate" and "Apply".
3. Clean boot into DOS and run AOZVHDD utility.
a. If you assign the whole disk to your Win 98 system (FAT 16 or FAT 32), please run
"aozvhdd /c /file". Please remember sufficient free space has to be reserved in the disk,
e.g. if you have 64 MB DRAM and 16 MB VGA card installed, the system needs at least
80 MB free space. The utility will locate the space automatically.
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MMKK7733LLEE
b. If you assign an individual partition for Win 98, please run "aozvhdd /c /partition". Of
4. Reboot system.
5. You've already implemented ACPI Suspend to-Hard Drive. Click "Start > Shut Down >
Standby" then the screen will go off immediately. And 1 minute or so will be taken for the system
to save what's in the memory to the hard drive; the larger the memory size the longer this
process will take.
course, the system needs to provide unformatted an empty partition.
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73
MMKK7733LLEE
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Changing from APM to ACPI (Windows 98 only)
1. Run "Regedit.exe"
a. Go through the following path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
SOFTWARE
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS
CURRENT VERSION
DETECT
b. Select "ADD Binary" and name it as "ACPIOPTION".
c. Right click and select Modify, add "01" after "0000" to make it "0000 01".
d. Save changes.
2. Select "Add New Hardware" under Control Panel. Allow Windows 98 to detect new hardware.
(It will find "ACPI BIOS" and remove "Plug and Play BIOS")
3. Reboot system.
4. Clean boot into DOS and run "AOZVHDD.EXE /C /File"
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MMKK7733LLEE
Changing from ACPI to APM
1. Run "Regedit.exe"
a. Go through the following path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
SOFTWARE
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS
CURRENT VERSION
DETECT
ACPI OPTION
b. Right click and select "Modify, change "01" to "02" to make it "0000 02".
c. Save changes.
Tip: "02" means Windows 98 is ACPI acknowledged
but the ACPI function is disabled.
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MMKK7733LLEE
2. Select "Add New Hardware" under Control Panel. Allow Windows 98 to detect new hardware.
(It will find "Plug and Play BIOS" and remove "ACPI BIOS")
3. Reboot system.
4. Run "Add New Hardware" again and it will find "Advanced Power Management Resource".
5. Click "OK".
Tip: Currently we found only ATI 3D Rage Pro AGP
card would support ACPI suspend to disk. Please
refer to AOpen web site for latest update
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76
owe
o
o
MMKK7733LLEE
AACCPPII SSuussppeenndd ttoo RRAAMM ((SSTTRR))
This motherboard supports ACPI Suspend to RAM function. With this function, you can resume
your original work directly from DRAM without going through the Windows 98 booting process
and run your application again. Suspend to DRAM saves your current work in the system
memory, it is faster than Suspend to Hard Drive but requires power supplied to DRAM, while
Suspend to Hard Drive requires no power.
When go into Suspend:
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
System Image & Status
When power-on next time:
in the DRAM
Backup by 3.3V
r
P
Other System
Devices
Power loss
System Image & Status
in the DRAM
Power back to
rk
w
Other System
Devices
Power back to
rk
w
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MMKK7733LLEE
To implement ACPI Suspend to DRAM, please follow the procedures as below:
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
System Requirement
1. An ACPI OS is required. Currently, Windows 98 is the only choice. Please refer to ACPI
Suspend to Hard Drive
2. The VIA 4 in 1 Driver must have been installed properly.
of how to setup Windows 98 ACPI mode.
Procedures
1. Changed the following BIOS settings.
BIOS Setup > Power Management Setup > ACPI Function: Enabled
BIOS Setup > Power Management Setup > ACPI Suspend Type: S3.
2. Go to Control Panel > Power Management. Set “Power Buttons” to “Standby”.
3. Press power button or standby button to wake up the system.
78
t
MMKK7733LLEE
AAWWAARRDD BBIIOOSS
System parameters can be modified by going into BIOS Setup menu, this menu allows you to
configure the system parameters and save the configuration into the 128 byte CMOS area,
(normally in the RTC chip or in the main chipset). To enter to BIOS setup menu
when POST (Power-On Self Test)
screen is shown on your monitor.
Note: Because the BIOS code is the most often
changed part of the motherboard design, the BIOS
information contained in this manual may be differen
with actual BIOS that come with your motherboard.
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, press <Del>
79
MMKK7733LLEE
HHooww TToo UUssee AAwwaarrdd™™ BBIIOOSS SSeettuupp PPrrooggrraamm
Generally, you can use the arrow keys to highlight items that you want to choose, then press
<Enter> key to select, and use the <Page Up> and <Page Down> key to change setting value.
You also can press <F1> key for help and press <Esc> key to quit Award™ BIOS setup program.
The following table provides details about how to use keyboard in the Award™ BIOS setup
program. By the way, all products of AOpen also provides a special function in the BIOS setup,
you can press <F3> key selecting preferred menu language to display.
Key Description
Page Up or + Changing setting to next value or increase the value.
Page Down or - Changing setting to previous value or decrease value.
Enter Select the item.
Esc 1. In main menu: Quit and don’t save any change.
Up Arrow Highlight previous item.
Down Arrow Highlight next item.
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2. In sub menu: Exit current menu to main menu.
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MMKK7
7
33LLEE
Key Description
Left Arrow Move the light bar to left side of menu.
Right Arrow Move the light bar to right side of menu.
F1 Get menu or item help description.
F3 Changing menu language.
F5 Load previous setting value from CMOS.
F6 Load fail-save setting value from CMOS.
F7 Load turbo setting value from CMOS.
F10 Save changed setting and exit setup program.
Note: AOpen always dedicates to give users a more friendly computer system. Now, we
include all function descriptions of BIOS setup program into the BIOS Flash ROM. When
you select one function of BIOS setup program, the function description will appeared at
right side of screen. Hence, you don’t need read this manual while you changing the
BIOS setting.
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MMKK7733LLEE
HHooww TToo EEnntteerr BBIIOOSS SSeettuupp
After you finish the setting of jumpers and connect correct cables. Power on and enter the BIOS
Setup, press <Del> during POST (Power-On Self Test)
recommended optimal performance.
Del
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
. Choose "Load Setup Defaults" for
Warning: Please avoid of using "Load Turbo Defaults", unless
you are sure your system components (CPU, DRAM, HDD, etc.)
are good enough for turbo setting.
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BBIIOOSS UUppggrraaddee
By flashing your motherboard, you agree to accept the possibility of BIOS flash failure. If you
motherboard is working and is stable, and there are no major bugs that were fixed by a latter
BIOS revision, we recommend that you DO NOT try to upgrade your BIOS.
By doing so, you are taking a risk of BIOS flash failure. If you insist on upgrading, PLEASE BE
SURE to use the right BIOS revision for the right motherboard model.
AOpen Easy Flash is a little different than traditional flash method. The BIOS
flash routine are linked together and you simply run a single commend to complete the flash
process.
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Caution: AOpen Easy Flash BIOS programs are designed to be
compatible with the Award BIOS. At the date of this note, AOpen
Easy Flash BIOS programs are not available for AMI BIOS. AMI
BIOS appears mostly only on old 486 boards and some early
Pentium boards. Please be sure to view the README compressed
inside the BIOS package before upgrading, and follow upgrade
instructions carefully. This will minimize the chance of flash
failures.
binary file and
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MMKK7733LLEE
Below are the steps for easy flashing procedures: (applies for Award BIOS ONLY)
1. Download new BIOS upgrade zip
2. Run shareware PKUNZIP (http://www.pkware.com/
3. Save the unzipped file into a bootable floppy disk.
4. Reboot the system to DOS mode without loading any memory handler (such as
5. Execute A:> MK73LE102 and the program will do the rest of it.
6. Reboot system and press <Del> to enter BIOS setup
file from AOpen's web site.
For example, MK73LE102.ZIP.
) which supports miscellaneous
operation systems to extract the binary BIOS file and the flash utility.
Or Winzip (http://www.winzip.com/) in Windows environment.
For example, MK73LE102.BIN & MK73LE102.EXE
EMM386) or device driver. It needs around 520K free memory spaces.
DO NOT turn off the power during FLASH PROCESS until you are asked to!!
, Choose "Load Setup Defaults",
then “Save & Exit Setup
Warning: The new BIOS upgrade will permanently replace your
original BIOS's settings and PnP information when flashing. You
may need to reconfigure your BIOS setting and re-install
Win95/Win98 as well as your add-on cards, so that your system
can go back to work as normal.
”. Done!
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OOvveerrcclloocckkiinngg
As a leading manufacturer in motherboard industry, AOpen always listens to what customers
want and develop products to fit different user's requirements. Reliability, compatibility, leading
technology and friendly features are our basic goals when designing motherboards. Other than
above mentioned design criteria, there are power users who are always seeking to push the
limitation of the system performance by overclocking which we call them "Overclocker".
This section is dedicated to overclockers.
This high performance motherboard is designed for maximum 100MHz CPU bus clock. But it
comes with clock generator of 150MHz when we design it to accommodate future CPU bus clock.
Our lab test results shown that 150MHz is achievable when proper setting and qualified
components were presented, we feel quite comfortable overclocking to 150MHz. Not only that,
this motherboard has full-range (CPU core voltage) settings and an option to adjust CPU core
voltage. The CPU clock ratio can be up to 8x that supports almost all of AMD Athlon / Duron
CPUs in the future and provides flexibility for overclockers. For your reference, the following
configurations are what we feel comfortable at 150MHz bus clock.
But not guaranty. ☺
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Warning: The design of this product follows CPU and chipset vendor's
design guideline. Any attempts to push beyond product specification are
not recommended and you are taking your own risk to damage your
system or important data. Before doing overclocking, you must make sure
your components are able to tolerate such abnormal setting, especially
CPU, DRAMs, hard disks, and AGP VGA cards.
Tip: Note that overclocking may also cause thermal problem. Please make
sure that the cooling fan and the heatsink were adequate to dissipate
excessive heat that's generated by overclocking the CPU.
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VVGGAA CCaarrdd && HHaarrdd DDiisskk
VGA and HDD is key components for overclocking, for your reference, the following list are what
have been successful overclocked in our lab. Please note that AOpen can not guaranty they can
be successful overclocked again. Please check the Available Vendor List (AVL) by link to our
official website.
VGA: http://www.aopen.com.tw/tech/report/overclk/mb/vga-oc.htm
HDD: http://www.aopen.com.tw/tech/report/overclk/mb/hdd-oc.htm
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GGlloossssaarryy
AACC9977
Basically, AC97 specification separates sound/modem circuit to two parts, digital processor and
a
CODEC
into motherboard main chipset, the cost of sound/modem onboard solution can be reduced.
AACCPPII ((AAddvvaanncceedd CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn && PPoowweerr IInntteerrffaaccee))
ACPI is the power management specification of PC97 (1997). It intends to save more power by
taking full control of power management to operating system and bypass
super I/O chip needs to provide standard register interface to operating system (such as
Windows 98). This is a bit similar as the
soft power switch to control the power state transition.
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
for analogy I/O they are linked by AC97 link bus. Since digital processor can be put
. The chipset or
BIOS
register interface. ACPI defines ATX momentary
PnP
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AAGGPP ((AAcccceelleerraatteedd GGrraapphhiicc PPoorrtt))
AGP is a bus interface targeted for high-performance 3D graphic. AGP supports only memory
read/write operation and single-master single-slave one-to-one only. AGP uses both rising and
falling edge of the 66MHz clock, for 2X AGP, the data transfer rate is 66MHz x 4byte x 2 =
528MB/s. AGP is now moving to 4X mode, 66MHz x 4byte x 4 = 1056MB/s. AOpen is the first
company to support 4X AGP motherboards by both AX6C (Intel 820) and MX64/AX64 (VIA 694x),
started from Oct 1999.
AAMMRR ((AAuuddiioo//MMooddeemm RRiisseerr))
The CODEC circuit of AC97 sound/modem solution can be put on motherboard or put on a riser
card (AMR card) that connects to motherboard through AMR connector.
AAOOppeenn BBoonnuuss PPaacckk CCDD
A disc bundled with AOpen motherboard product, there are motherboard drivers, Acrobat Reader
for
PDF
online manual and other useful utilities.
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AAPPMM ((AAddvvaanncceedd PPoowweerr MMaannaaggeemmeenntt))
Unlike ACPI, BIOS controls most APM power management functions. AOpen Suspend to Hard
Drive is a good example of APM power management.
AATTAA ((AATT AAttttaacchhmmeenntt))
ATA is the specification of diskette interface. In 80’s, many software and hardware
manufacturers instituted the ATA specification together. The AT is meaning International
Business Machines Corporation (IBM) personal computer/AT’s bus structure.
AATTAA//6666
ATA/66 uses both rising edge and falling edge but doubles UDMA/33 transfer rate. The data
transfer rate is 4 times of the PIO mode 4 or DMA mode 2, 16.6MB/s x4 = 66MB/s. To use
ATA/66, you need special ATA/66 IDE cable.
AATTAA//110000
ATA/100 is a new IDE specification under developing. ATA/100 uses both rising edge and falling
edge as
bytes x 2 = 100MB/s. To use ATA/100, you need special 80-wire IDE cable, the same as ATA/66.
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but clock cycle time is reduced to 40ns. The data transfer rate is (1/40ns) x 2
ATA/ 66
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BBIIOOSS ((BBaassiicc IInnppuutt//OOuuttppuutt SSyysstteemm))
BIOS is a set of assembly routine/program that reside in EPROM or Flash ROM. BIOS controls
Input/output devices and other hardware devices of motherboard. In general, to provide
hardware independent portability, operation system and drivers is required to access BIOS
without directly access hardware devices.
BBuuss MMaasstteerr IIDDEE ((DDMMAA mmooddee))
The traditional PIO (Programmable I/O) IDE requires the CPU to involve in all the activities of
the IDE access including waiting for the mechanical events. To reduce the workload of the CPU,
the bus master IDE device transfers data from/to memory without interrupting CPU, and
releases CPU to operate concurrently while data is transferring between memory and IDE device.
You need the bus master IDE driver and the bus master IDE HDD to support bus master IDE
mode.
CCNNRR ((CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn aanndd NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg RRiisseerr))
The CNR specification provides the PC industry the opportunity to deliver a flexible and cost
reduced method of implementing LAN, home networking, DSL, USB, wireless, audio and modem
subsystems widely used in today's "connected PCs". The CNR specification is an open industry
specification and is supported by OEMs, IHV card manufacturers, silicon supplier and Microsoft.
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CCOODDEECC ((CCooddiinngg aanndd DDeeccooddiinngg))
Normally, CODEC means a circuit that can do digital to analog conversion and also the analog
to digital conversion. It is part of
DDIIMMMM ((DDuuaall IInn LLiinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
DIMM socket has total 168-pin and supports 64-bit data. It can be single or double side, the
golden finger signals on each side of PCB are different, that is why it was called Dual In Line.
Almost all DIMMs are made by
made by FPM/
EECCCC ((EErrrroorr CChheecckkiinngg aanndd CCoorrrreeccttiioonn))
The ECC mode needs 8 ECC bits for 64-bit data. Each time memory is accessed; ECC bits are
updated and checked by a special algorithm. The ECC algorithm has the ability to detect
double-bit error and automatically correct single-bit error while parity mode can only detect
single-bit error.
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AC97
sound/modem solution.
, which operate at 3.3V. Note that some old DIMMs are
SDRAM
EDO
and only operate at 5V. Do not confuse them with SDRAM DIMM.
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EEDDOO ((EExxtteennddeedd DDaattaa OOuuttppuutt)) MMeemmoorryy
The EDO DRAM technology is actually very similar to FPM (Fast Page Mode). Unlike traditional
FPM that tri-states the memory output data to start the pre-charge activity, EDO DRAM holds the
memory data valid until the next memory access cycle, that is similar to pipeline effect and
reduces one clock state.
EEEEPPRROOMM ((EElleeccttrroonniicc EErraassaabbllee PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee RROOMM))
Also known as E2PROM. Both EEPROM and Flash ROM can be re-programmed by electronic
signals, but the interface technology is different. Size of EEPROM is much smaller than flash
ROM.
EEPPRROOMM ((EErraassaabbllee PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee RROOMM))
Traditional motherboard stores BIOS code in EPROM. EPROM can only be erased by
ultra-violet (UV) light. If BIOS has to be upgraded, you need to remove EPROM from
motherboard, clear by UV light, re-program, and then insert back.
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EEVV66 BBuuss
EV6 Bus in the technology of Alpha processor from Digital Equipment Corporation. EV6 bus
uses both rising and falling clock edge to transfer data, similar as DDR SDRAM or ATA/66 IDE
bus.
EV6 Bus Speed = CPU external bus clock x 2.
For example, 200 MHz EV6 bus is actually using 100 MHz external bus clock, but the equivalent
speed is 200 MHz.
FFCCCC DDooCC ((DDeeccllaarraattiioonn ooff CCoonnffoorrmmiittyy))
The DoC is component certification standard of FCC EMI regulations. This standard allows DIY
component (such as motherboard) to apply DoC label separately without a shielding of housing.
FFCC--PPGGAA ((FFlliipp CChhiipp--PPiinn GGrriidd AArrrraayy))
FC means Flip Chip, FC-PGA is a new package of Intel for Pentium III CPU. It can plug into
SKT370 socket, but require motherboard to add some signals on socket 370. That is, the
motherboard needs to be redesigned. Intel is going to ship FC-PGA 370 CPU and phase out
slot1 CPU.
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FFllaasshh RROOMM
Flash ROM can be re-programmed by electronic signals. It is easier for BIOS to upgrade by a
flash utility, but it is also easier to be infected by virus. Because of increase of new functions,
BIOS size is increased from 64KB to 256KB (2M bit). AOpen AX5T is the first board to
implement 256KB (2Mbit) Flash ROM. Now flash ROM size is moving to 4M bit on AX6C (Intel
820) and MX3W (Intel 810) motherboard. , AOpen motherboard uses EEPROM for jumper-less
and battery-less design.
FFSSBB ((FFrroonntt SSiiddee BBuuss)) CClloocckk
FSB Clock means CPU external bus clock.
CPU internal clock = CPU FSB Clock x CPU Clock Ratio
2
2
I
I
CC BBuuss
See SMBus.
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IIEEEEEE 11339944
IEEE 1394 is a low-cost digital interface originated by Apple Computer as a desktop LAN and
developed by the IEEE 1394 working group. The IEEE 1394 can transport data at 100, 200 or
400 Mbps. One of the solutions to connect digital television devices together at 200 Mbps. Serial
Bus Management provides overall configuration control of the serial bus in the form of optimizing
arbitration timing, guarantee of adequate electrical power for all devices on the bus, assignment
of isochronous channel ID, and notification of errors. There are two type of IEEE 1394 data
transfer: asynchronous and isochronous. Asynchronous transport is the traditional computer
memory-mapped, load and store interface. Data requests are sent to a specific address and an
acknowledgment is returned. In addition to an architecture that scales with silicon technology,
IEEE 1394 features a unique isochronous data channel interface. Isochronous data channels
provide guaranteed data transport at a pre-determined rate. This is especially important for
time-critical multimedia data where just-in-time delivery eliminates the need for costly buffering.
PPaarriittyy BBiitt
The parity mode uses 1 parity bit for each byte, normally it is even parity mode, that is, each
time the memory data is updated, parity bit will be adjusted to have even count "1" for each byte.
When next time, if memory is read with odd number of "1", the parity error is occurred and this is
called single bit error detection.
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PPBBSSRRAAMM ((PPiippeelliinneedd BBuurrsstt SSRRAAMM))
For Socket 7 CPU, one burst data read requires four QWord (Quad-word, 4x16 = 64 bits).
PBSRAM only needs one address decoding time and automatically sends the remaining QWords
to CPU according to a predefined sequence. Normally, it is 3-1-1-1, total 6 clocks, which is faster
than asynchronous SRAM. PBSRAM is often used on L2 (level 2) cache of Socket 7 CPU. Slot 1
and Socket 370 CPU do not need PBSRAM.
PPCC--110000 DDIIMMMM
SDRAM DIMM that supports 100MHz CPU FSB bus clock.
PPCC--113333 DDIIMMMM
SDRAM DIMM that supports 133MHz CPU FSB bus clock.
PPCCII ((PPeerriipphheerraall CCoommppoonneenntt IInntteerrffaaccee)) BBuuss
Bus for the internal connection of peripheral devices, high-speed data channel between the
computer and expansion card.
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PPDDFF FFoorrmmaatt
A file format for electronic document, PDF format is independent from platform, you can read
PDF file under Windows, Unix, Linux, Mac … with different PDF reader. You can also read PDF
file by web browser such as IE and Netscape, note that you need to install PDF plug-in first
(Included in Acrobat Reader).
PPnnPP ((PPlluugg aanndd PPllaayy))
The PnP specification suggests a standard register interface for both BIOS and operating
system (such as Windows 95). These registers are used by BIOS and operating system to
configure system resource and prevent any conflicts. PnP BIOS or operating system will
automatically allocate the IRQ/DMA/Memory. Currently, almost all the PCI cards and most ISA
cards are already PnP compliant.
PPOOSSTT ((PPoowweerr--OOnn SSeellff TTeesstt))
The BIOS self-test procedure after power-on, sometimes, it is the first or the second screen
shown on your monitor during system boot.
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RRDDRRAAMM ((RRaammbbuuss DDRRAAMM))
Rambus is a memory technology that uses large burst mode data transfer. Theoretically, the
data transfer should be high than
820, only one RDRAM channel is supported, 16-bit data per channel, and this channel may have
maximum 32 RDRAM devices, no matter how many RIMM
RRIIMMMM ((RRaammbbuuss IInnlliinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
184-pin memory module that supports RDRAM memory technology. A RIMM memory module
may contain up to maximum of 16 RDRAM devices.
SSDDRRAAMM ((SSyynncchhrroonnoouuss DDRRAAMM))
SDRAM is one of the DRAM technologies that allow DRAM to use the same clock as the CPU
host bus (
PBSRAM
3.3V. AOpen is the first company to support dual-SDRAM DIMMs onboard (AP5V), from Q1 1996
OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
. RDRAM is cascaded in channel operation. For Intel
SDRAM
sockets.
and FPM are asynchronous and do not have clock signal). It is similar as
EDO
to use burst mode transfer. SDRAM comes in 64-bit 168-pin DIMM and operates at
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SShhaaddooww E
A memory space in Flash-ROM to simulate E2PROM operation, AOpen motherboard uses
Shadow E
SSIIMMMM ((SSiinnggllee IInn LLiinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
SIMM socket is only 72-pin, and is only single side. The golden finger signals on each side of
PCB are identical. That is why it was called Single In Line. SIMM is made by FPM or
DRAM and supports 32-bit data. SIMM had been phased out on current motherboard design.
SSMMBBuuss ((SSyysstteemm MMaannaaggeemmeenntt BBuuss))
SMBus is also called I2C bus. It is a two-wire bus developed for component communication
(especially for semiconductor IC). For example, set clock of clock generator for jumper-less
motherboard. The data transfer rate of SMBus is only 100Kbit/s, it allows one host to
communicate with CPU and many masters and slaves to send/receive message.
2
2
E
PPRROOMM
2
PROM for jumper-less and battery-less design
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EDO
100
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