AOpen AP57-HW User Manual

Chapter 2

Hardware Installation

This chapter gives you a step-by-step procedure on how to install your system. Follow each section accordingly.

Caution: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage your processor, disk drives, expansion boards, and other components. Always observe the following precautions before you install a system component.

1. Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until you are ready to install it.

2. Wear a wrist ground strap and attach it to a metal part of the system unit before handling a component. If a wrist strap is not available, maintain contact with the system unit throughout any procedure requiring ESD protection.

2-1

Hardware Installation

PWR 1

COM1

COM2

JP22

JP7

2.1 Jumper and Connector Locations

The following figure shows the locations of the jumpers and connectors on the system board:

PS2 MS

KB1

S A

USB

BIOS

PCI 4

PCI 3

PCI 2

PCI 1

I M M

FDCPRINTER

IDE1IDE2

HDD LED

JP8

2-2

FAN

IrDA

PANEL

JP3 JP4

5571

JP9

JP11

JP10

Hardware Installation

Jumpers:

JP1,JP2: CPU frequency ratio JP3,JP4,JP13: CPU external (bus) clock JP7: CPU core voltage setting (Vcore) JP8: I/O voltage setting (Vio) JP9,JP10,JP11: CPU type (Single/Dual voltage, Vcpuio source selection.) JP22: CPU Burst Mode (Linear for Cyrix, Toggle for Intel/AMD.) JP14: Clear CMOS JP18: Onboard Super I/O enable/disable JP20: Onboard PS/2 mouse enable/disable

Connectors:

KB1: AT keyboard connector PWR1: AT (PS/2) power connector PS2 MS: PS/2 mouse connector USB: USB connector COM1: COM1 connector COM2: COM2 connector FDC: Floppy drive connector PRINTER: Printer connector IDE1: IDE1 primary channel IDE2: IDE2 secondary channel FAN: CPU fan connector IrDA: IrDA (Infrared) connector HDD LED: HDD LED connector PANEL: Front panel (Multifunction) connector

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Hardware Installation

2.2 Jumpers

Jumpers are made by pin headers and plastic connecting caps for the purpose of customizing your hardware. Doing so requires basic knowledge of computer hardware, be sure you understand the meaning of the jumpers before you change any setting. The onboard jumpers are normally set to their default with optimized settings.

On the mainboard, normally there is a bold line marked beside pin 1 of the jumper, sometimes, there are numbers also. If we connect (short) plastic cap to pin 1 and 2, we will say set it at 1-2, and when we say jumper is open, that means no plastic cap connected to jumper pins.

Open

1 2

Short

1 2

Jumper set at 1-

1 2

Jumper set at 2-3

1 2

2-4

2.2.1 Setting the CPU Voltage

Hardware Installation

JP7

1-2 3-4 5-6 7-8 9-10 11-12

JP8

1-2 3-4

CPU Core Voltage (Vcore)

3.45V (default for P54C)

3.52V (Cyrix or AMD)

2.9V (AMD K6)

2.8V (PP/MT P55C)

2.7V

2.5V

JP7

1 3 5 7 9

10 12

3.45V

(default for

P54C)

I/O Voltage (Vio)

3.45V (default)

3.52V

JP7 is used to select CPU core voltage (Vcore), normally it is set to default

3.45V for INTEL Pentium P54C. It must be changed if you have CPU with different core voltage, such as INTEL PP/MT (P55C), AMD K5/K6 and Cyrix 6x86, refer to the CPU specification for more details.

2 4 6 8

JP7

10 12

3.52V

(Cyrix 6x86

JP7

10 12

2.9V

(AMD K6)

or AMD K5)

JP8 is reserved for test only, which sets the voltage of onboard chipset and PBSRAM (Vio). When you are using dual voltage CPU, JP8 also provides CPU I/O voltage (Vcpuio).The default is 3.45V.

JP7

1 3 5 7 9

10 12

2.8V

( PP/MT

P55C)

2 4 6 8

JP8

3.45V

(default)

JP8

3.52V

2-5

Hardware Installation

1 2

5 6

256

1 2

5 6

JP9

Open

JP10

Open

JP11

Open

CPU Type (Vcpuio)

Single voltage CPU Vcpuio = Vcore (default) Dual voltage CPU Vcpuio = Vio (PP/MT P55C)

JP11 JP9

JP10

Single voltage

(Vcpuio = Vcore)

Set the jumper JP9, JP10 and JP11 according to the type of

CPU. They are actually the selection of CPU I/O Voltage (Vcpuio). Normally, for single voltage CPU, Vcpuio is equal to Vcore, but for CPU that needs dual voltage such as PP/MT (P55C), Cyrix 6x86L, Vcpuio must be set to Vio, and it is different from Vcore.

JP11 JP9

JP10

Dual voltage

(Vcpuio = Vio)

CPU Type Vcore Vio Vcpuio JP7 JP8 JP9 JP10 JP11

INTEL P54C 3.45V 3.45V Vcore 1-2 1-2 Closed Open Closed INTEL PP/MT 2.8V 3.45V Vio 7-8 1-2 Open Closed Open AMD K5 (Single voltage) AMD K6 2.9V 3.45V Vio 5-6 1-2 Open Closed Open Cyrix 6x86 3.52V 3.45V Vcore 3-4 1-2 Closed Open Closed Cyrix 6x86L 2.8V 3.45V Vio 7-8 1-2 Open Closed Open

3.52V 3.45V Vcore 3-4 1-2 Closed Open Closed

Caution: Above table is possible settings of current CPU available on the market. The correct setting may vary because of new CPU product, refer to your CPU specification for more details.

2-6

2.2.2 Selecting the CPU Frequency

3 2 1

Hardware Installation

JP1

JP2

CPU Frequency Ratio

Intel Pentium, Cyrix 6x86 and AMD K5/K6 CPU are designed to have

1-2 2-3 2-3 1-2

1-2 1-2 2-3 2-3

1.5x (3.5x) 2x

2.5x (1.75x) 3x

different Internal (Core) and External (Bus) frequency. The ratio of Core/Bus frequency is selected by JP1 and JP2, which CPU is using to multiply external clock and produce internal frequency.

Core frequency = Ratio * External bus clock

JP1 & JP2

1.5x (3.5x)

JP1 & JP2

2.5x (1.75x)

Note: The feature CPU Intel PP/MT 233MHz is using 1.5x jumper setting for 3.5x frequency ratio, and AMD PR166 is using 2.5x setting for 1.75x frequency ratio.

Note: The future CPUs have not been tested by AOpen Quality Test Department. It is possible that this mainboard can not support these future CPUs.

JP1 & JP2

JP3

2-3 1-2 2-3

JP4

2-3 2-3 1-2

JP13

1-2 5-6 1-2 3-4 3-4

CPU External Clock

50MHz 60MHz 66MHz

JP3, JP4 and JP13 are the selections of CPU external clock (bus clock), which is actually the clock from clock generator.

2-7

Hardware Installation

JP3 & JP4

1 2

JP13

5 6

50MHz

JP3 & JP4

1 2

JP13

5 6

60MHz

JP3 & JP4

1 2

JP13

5 6

66MHz

Caution: Following table are possible settings of current CPU available on the market. The correct setting may vary because of new CPU product, refer to your CPU specification for more details.

Intel Pentium

P54C 75 75MHz = 1.5X 50MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 2-3 1-2 & 5-6 P54C 90 90MHz = 1.5x 60MHz 1-2 & 1-2 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 P54C 100 100MHz = 1.5x 66MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 P54C 120 120MHz = 2x 60MHz 2-3 & 1-2 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 P54C 133 133MHz = 2x 66MHz 2-3 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 P54C 150 150MHz = 2.5x 60MHz 2-3 & 2-3 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 P54C 166 166MHz = 2.5x 66MHz 2-3 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 P54C 200 200MHz = 3x 66MHz 1-2 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4

CPU Core Frequency

Ratio External

Bus Clock

JP1 & JP2 JP3 & JP4 JP13

Intel Pentium

PP/MT 150 150MHz = 2.5x 60MHz 2-3 & 2-3 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 PP/MT 166 166MHz = 2.5x 66MHz 2-3 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 PP/MT 200 200MHz = 3x 66MHz 1-2 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 PP/MT 233 200MHz = 3.5x 66MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4

CPU Core Frequency

Ratio External

Bus Clock

JP1 & JP2 JP3 & JP4 JP13

2-8

Hardware Installation

Cyrix 6x86 CPU Core

Frequency

P120+ 100MHz 2x 50MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 2-3 1-2 & 5-6 P150+ 120MHz = 2x 60MHz 2-3 & 1-2 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 P166+ 133MHz = 2x 66MHz 2-3 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4

AMD K5 CPU Core

Frequency

PR90 90MHz = 1.5x 60MHz 1-2 & 1-2 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 PR100 100MHz = 1.5x 66MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 PR120 90MHz = 1.5x 60MHz 1-2 & 1-2 1-2 & 2-3 1-2 & 3-4 PR133 100MHz = 1.5x 66MHz 1-2 & 1-2 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 PR166 116MHz = 1.75x 66MHz 2-3 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4

AMD K6 CPU Core

Frequency

PR166 166MHz = 2.5x 66MHz 2-3 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4 PR200 200MHz = 3x 66MHz 1-2 & 2-3 2-3 & 1-2 3-4

Ratio External

Bus Clock

Ratio External

Bus Clock

Ratio External

Bus Clock

JP1 & JP2 JP3 & JP4 JP13

Note: Cyrix 6x86 and AMD K5 CPU use P-rating for the reference of CPU benchmark compared with INTEL P54C, their internal core frequency is not exactly equal to P-rating marked on the CPU. For example, Cyrix P166+ is 133MHz but performance is almost equal to P54C 166MHz and AMD PR133 is 100MHz but performance is almost equal to INTEL P54C 133MHz.

2.2.3 Disabling the Onboard Super I/O Controller

JP18

1-2 2-3

Onboard Super I/O

Enable (default) Disable

The board is default to enable the onboard Super I/O controller. In case you wish to use an external I/O control card, you need to disable the onboard I/O before using the external I/O card. To disable it, set the jumper JP18 to 2-3.

2-9

Hardware Installation

3 2 1

JP18

Enable

(default)

JP18

Disable

2.2.4 Disabling the PS/2 Mouse Function

JP20

1-2 2-3

PS/2 Mouse

Enable (default) Disable

The PS/2 mouse function is normally enabled and occupies IRQ12. To reassign IRQ12 for other function, disable the PS/2 mouse function by setting the jumper JP20 to 2-3.

JP20

Enable

(default)

JP20

Disable

2.2.5 Clearing the CMOS

JP14

1-2

2-3

2-10

Clear CMOS

Normal operation (default) Clear CMOS

You need to clear the CMOS if you forget your system password. To clear the CMOS, follow the procedures listed below:

Hardware Installation

3 2 1

JP14

Normal Operation

JP14

Clear CMOS

(default)

The procedure to clear CMOS:

1. Turn off the system power.

2. Locate JP14 and short pins 2-3 for a few seconds.

3. Return JP14 to its normal setting by shorting pins 1-2.

4. Turn on the system power.

5. Press during bootup to enter the BIOS Setup Utility and specify a new password, if needed.

2.2.6 Selecting the CPU Burst Mode

JP22

1-2 2-3

CPU Burst Mode

Linear (Cyrix) Toggle (Intel/AMD)

JP22 is used to select CPU burst mode of SIS chipset. For Cyrix CPU, JP22 must be set at 1-2 Linear Mode. For Intel and AMD CPU, JP22 must be set at 2-3 Toggle Mode.

JP22

Linear (Cyrix)

JP22

Toggle (Intel/AMD)

2-11

Hardware Installation

GND

2.3 Connectors

2.3.1 Power Cable

A standard baby AT (PS/2) power supply has two cables with six wires on each. Plug in these cables to the onboard power connector in such a way that all the black wires are in the center. The power connector is marked as PWR1 on the system board.

Caution: Make sure that the power supply is off before connecting or disconnecting the power cable.

Black wire (GND)

Red wire (+5V)

PWR1

2.3.2 CPU Fan

Plug in the fan cable to the two-pin fan connector onboard. The fan connector is marked FAN on the system board.

+12VGND

FAN

2-12

2.3.3 PS/2 Mouse

3 1 2 4

1 2

9 10

1 2

9 10

Hardware Installation

To connect a PS/2 mouse, insert the PS/2 mouse bracket connector to PS2 MS on the system board. Then plug in the PS/2 mouse cable to the mouse port on the bracket.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Description

MS DATA NC GND +5V MS CLK NC

5 6

PS2 MS

2.3.4 Serial Devices (COM1/COM2)

To support serial devices, insert the serial device connector into the serial port on the bracket. Plug in the 10-pin flat cable to the appropriate onboard connectors. The serial port 1 connector is marked as COM1 and the serial port 2 connector is marked as COM2 on the system board.

COM1

COM2

2-13

Hardware Installation

FDC

2.3.5 USB Device (optional)

You need a USB bracket to have your system to support additional USB device(s). To attach a USB bracket, simply insert the bracket cable to the onboard USB connector marked as USB.

1 3 5 7 9

Description

V0 D0D0+ GND NC

2 4 6 8 10

Description

V1 D1D1+ GND NC

9 10

USB

2.3.6 Floppy Drive

Connect the 34-pin floppy drive cable to the floppy drive connector marked as

FDC on the system board.

2-14

Hardware Installation

2.3.7 Printer

Plug in the 26-pin printer flat cable to the onboard parallel connector marked as PRINTER on the board.

PRINTER

2.3.8 IDE Hard Disk and CD ROM

This mainboard supports two 40 pin IDE connectors marked as IDE1 and IDE2. IDE1 is also known as primary channel and IDE2 as secondary channel, each channel supports two IDE devices that makes total of four devices.

In order to work together, the two devices on each channel must be set differently to master and slave mode, either one can be hard disk or CDROM. The setting as master or slave mode depends on the jumper on your IDE device, please refer to your hard disk and CDROM manual accordingly.

Connect your first IDE hard disk to master mode of the primary channel. If you have second IDE device to install in your system, connect it as slave mode on the same channel, and the third and fourth device can be connected on secondary channel as master and slave mode respectively.

2-15

Hardware Installation

(1st)

(2nd)

IDE 2

IDE 1

Caution: The specification of IDE cable is maximum 46cm (18 inches), make sure your cable does not excess this length.

Caution: For better signal quality, it is recommended to set far end side device to master mode and follow the suggested sequence to install your new device . Please refer to following figure.

Primary Channel

Slave

Secondary Channel

Slave

(4th)

Master

(3rd)

2-16

2.3.9 Hard Disk LED

Hardware Installation

The HDD LED connector is marked as HDD LED on the board. This connector is designed for different type of housing, actually only two pins are necessary for the LED. If your housing has four pin connector, simply plug it in. If you have only two pin connector, please connect to pin 1-2 or pin 3-4 according to the polarity.

1 2

HDD LED

4-pin connector

2.3.10 Panel Connector

The Panel (multifunction) connector is a 20pin connector marked as PANEL on the board. Attach the power LED, keylock, speaker, reset switch, suspend switch, and green mode LED connectors to the corresponding pins as shown in the figure.

Some housings have a five-pin connector for the keylock and power LED Since power LED and keylock are aligned together, you can still use this kind of connector.

1 2 3 4

Description

HDD LED GND GND HDD LED

1 2 3

HDD LED

2-pin connector

at pin 1-2

GND

KEYLOCK

GND

RESET

POWER LED

SPEAKER

+5V

GND

SPEAKER

PANEL

HDD LED

2-pin connector

at pin 3-4

+5V GND GREEN LED GND SUSPEND SW SUSPEND SW GND NC RESET GND

10 20

1 2 3

2-17

Hardware Installation

111020

+++++

Keylock

Power LED

Speaker

Other housings may have a 12-pin connector. If your housing has this type of connector, connect it to PANEL as shown in the figure. Make sure that the red wire of the connector is connected to +5V.

Note: If your housing comes with Turbo switch and Turbo LED connectors, you may use these connectors for Suspend switch and Green mode LED functions, respectively.

Note: Pressing the Suspend switch allows you to manually force the system to suspend mode. However, this is possible only if the Power Management function in the BIOS Setup menu is enabled.

Green LED

Suspend SW

Reset

PANEL

+5V

PANEL

2-18

Hardware Installation

KB1

2.3.11 Keyboard

The onboard keyboard connector is a five-pin AT-compatible connector marked as KB1. The view angle of drawing shown here is from back panel of the housing.

Note: The mini DIN PS/2 keyboard connector is optional.

PCB

2-19

Hardware Installation

2.3.12 IrDA Connector

Serial port 2 can be configured to support wireless infrared module, with this module and application software such as Laplink, user can transfer files to or from laptops, notebooks, PDA and printers. This mainboard supports IrDA (115Kbps, 1 meter) as well as ASK-IR (19.2Kbps).

Install infrared module onto IrDA connector and enable infrared function from BIOS setup, make sure to have correct orientation when you plug onto IrDA connector.

Note: Onboard serial port 2 (COM2) will not be available after IrDA connector is enabled.

1 2 3 4 5 6

IrDA

1 2 3 4 5 6

Description

+5V NC IRRX GND IRTX +3.3V

2-20

Hardware Installation

SIMM

2.4 Configuring the System Memory

This mainboard has four 72 pin SIMM sockets (Single-in-line Memory Module) that allow you to install system memory from minimum 4MB up to maximum 256MB.

Pin 1 of

The SIMM supported by this mainboard can be identified by 4 kinds of factors: ♦ Size: single side, 1Mx32 (4MB), 4Mx32 (16MB), 16Mx32 (64MB), and double side,

1Mx32x2 (8MB), 4Mx32x2 (32MB), 16Mx32x2 (128MB).

♦ Speed: 60ns or 70ns access time ♦ Type: FPM (Fast page mode) or EDO (Extended data output) ♦ Parity: without parity (32 bit wide) or with parity (36 bit wide).

Because Pentium processor has 64 bit bus width, the four SIMM sockets are arranged in two banks of two sockets each, they are Bank0 and Bank1. Both SIMMs in each bank must be in the same size and type. It is allowed to have different speed and type in different bank, for example, 70ns FPM in one bank and 60ns EDO in another bank, in such case, each bank is independently optimized for maximum performance. The memory timing requires at least 70ns fast page mode DRAM chip, but for optimum performance, 60ns EDO DRAM is recommended.

Warning: The default memory timing setting is 60ns to obtain the optimal performance. Because of the specification limitation, 70ns SIMM is recommended to be used only for CPU external clock 60MHz.

Tip: EDO DRAM is designed to improve the DRAM read performance. Unlike traditional fast page mode, that tristates the memory output data to start the precharge activity, EDO DRAM holds the memory data valid until the next memory access cycle, which is similar to pipeline effect and reduces one clock state.

2-21

Hardware Installation

There is no jumper setting required for the memory size or type. It is automatically detected by the system BIOS. You can use any single side SIMM combination list below for, and the total memory size is to add them together, the maximum is 256MB.

SIMM1 SIMM2 Subtotal of Bank0

None None 0MB 4MB None 4MB 8MB None 8MB 16MB None 16MB 32MB None 32MB 64MB None 64MB 4MB 4MB 8MB 8MB 8MB 16MB 16MB 16MB 32MB 32MB 32MB 64MB 64MB 64MB 128MB 128MB 128MB 256MB

SIMM3 SIMM4 Subtotal of Bank1

None None 0MB 4MB 4MB 8MB 8MB 8MB 16MB 16MB 16MB 32MB 32MB 32MB 64MB 64MB 64MB 128MB 128MB 128MB 256MB

Total Memory Size = Subtotal of Bank0 + Subtotal of Bank1

Caution: Make sure that you install the same SIMM type and size for each bank.

The driving capability of new generation chipset is limited because the lack of memory buffer (to improve performance). This makes DRAM chip count an important factor to be taking into consideration when you install SIMM. Unfortunately, there is no way that BIOS can identified the correct chip count, you need to calculate the chip count by yourself. The simple rule is: By visual inspection, use only SIMM with chip count less than 24 chips.

2-22

Hardware Installation

Warning: Do not install any SIMM that contains more than 24 chips. SIMMs contain more than 24 chips exceed the chipset driving specification. Doing so may result in unstable system behavior.

Tip: The SIMM chip count can be calculated by following example:

1. For 32 bit non-parity SIMM using 1M by 4 bit DRAM chip, 32/4=8 chips.

2. For 36 bit parity SIMM using 1M by 4 bit DRAM chip, 36/4=9 chips.

3. For 36 bit parity SIMM using 1M by 4 bit and 1M by 1 bit DRAM, the chip count will be 8 data chips(8= 32/4) plus 4 parity chips(4=4/1), total is 12 chips.

Following table list the recommended DRAM combinations:

SIMM Data chip

1M by 4 None 1Mx32 x1 8 4MB Yes 1M by 4 None 1Mx32 x2 16 8MB Yes 1M by 4 1M by 1 1Mx36 x1 12 4MB Yes 1M by 4 1M by 4 1Mx36 x1 9 4MB Yes 1M by 4 1M by 4 1Mx36 x2 18 8MB Yes 1M by 16 None 1Mx32 x1 2 4MB Yes 1M by 16 None 1Mx32 x2 4 8MB Yes 1M by 16 1M by 4 1Mx36 x1 3 4MB Yes 1M by 16 1M by 4 1Mx36 x2 6 8MB Yes 4M by 4 None 4Mx32 x1 8 16MB Yes 4M by 4 None 4Mx32 x2 16 32MB Yes 4M by 4 4M by 1 4Mx36 x1 12 16MB Yes 4M by 4 4M by 1 4Mx36 x2 24 32MB Yes

SIMM Parity chip

Bit size per side

Single/ Double side

Chip count

SIMM size

Recommended

2-23

Hardware Installation

SIMM Data chip

16M by 4 None 16Mx32 x1 8 64MB Yes, but not tested. 16M by 4 None 16Mx32 x2 16 128MB Yes, but not tested. 16M by 4 16M by 4 16Mx36 x1 9 64MB Yes, but not tested. 16M by 4 16M by 4 16Mx36 x2 18 128MB Yes, but not tested.

SIMM Parity chip

Bit size per side

Single/ Double side

Chip count

SIMM size

Recommended

Warning: 64MB SIMMs using 16M by 4 bit chip (64M bit technology) are not available in the market and are not formally tested by AOpen quality test department yet. However they are supported by design specification of chipset and they will be tested as soon as they are available. Note that 64MB SIMMs using 16M by 1 bit chip (16M bit technology) have chip count exceed 24 and are strongly not recommended.

Tip: 8 bit = 1 byte, 32 bit = 4 byte. The SIMM size is represented by number of data byte (whether with or without parity), for example, the size of single side SIMM using 1M by 4 bit chip is 1Mx32 bit, that is, 1M x 4 byte = 4MB. For double side SIMM, simply multiply it by 2, that is, 8MB.

Following table are possible DRAM combinations that is NOT recommended:

SIMM Data chip

1M by 1 None 1Mx32 x1 32 4MB No 1M by 1 1M by 1 1Mx36 x1 36 4MB No 1M by 4 1M by 1 1Mx36 x2 24 8MB No 4M by 1 None 4Mx32 x1 32 16MB No 4M by 1 4M by 1 4Mx36 x1 36 16MB No 16M by 1 None 16Mx32 x1 32 64MB No 16M by 1 16M by 1 16Mx36 x1 36 64MB No

SIMM Parity chip

Bit size per side

Single/ Double side

Chip count

SIMM size

Recommended

2-24

AOpen AP57-HW User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual