AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
Overview
AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro
DOC. NO.: AK77P-OL-E0110E
1
Installation
Hardware
Drivers &
Utilities
BIOS Setup
AWARD
Glossary
Troubleshooting &
Technical Support
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WWhhaatt’’ss iinn tthhiiss mmaannuuaall
AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro.............................................................................................................................1
What’s in this manual...................................................................................................................................................... 2
You Must Notice.............................................................................................................................................................. 8
Before You Start.............................................................................................................................................................. 9
Overview....................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Feature Highlight ...........................................................................................................................................................11
Quick Installation Procedure ......................................................................................................................................... 15
Motherboard Map.......................................................................................................................................................... 16
Block Diagram .............................................................................................................................................................. 17
Hardware Installation ......................................................................................................................18
Clear CMOS Data ......................................................................................................................................................... 19
CPU Installation ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
JP21 FSB/PCI Clock Ratio............................................................................................................................................ 22
CPU Jumper-less Design .............................................................................................................................................. 23
CPU and Housing Fan Connector (with H/W Monitoring) .............................................................................................. 28
SDRAM Socket ............................................................................................................................................................. 29
System and RAM Power Indicate LED .......................................................................................................................... 31
Front Panel Connector .................................................................................................................................................. 32
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ATX Power Connector................................................................................................................................................... 33
AC Power Auto Recovery.............................................................................................................................................. 34
JP28 Keyboard Wake-up .............................................................................................................................................. 34
IDE, Floppy and IDE RAID (AK77 Plus only) Connector ............................................................................................... 35
IDE RAID Controller (AK77 Plus only) .......................................................................................................................... 37
IrDA Connector ............................................................................................................................................................. 38
WOM (Zero Voltage Wake on Modem) Connector......................................................................................................... 39
WOL (Wake on LAN)..................................................................................................................................................... 42
AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) Expansion Slot ........................................................................................................... 44
CNR (Communication and Network Riser) Expansion Slot............................................................................................ 45
PC99 Color Coded Back Panel ..................................................................................................................................... 46
Support 2nd & 3rd USB Port............................................................................................................................................ 47
Chassis Intrusion Sensor .............................................................................................................................................. 48
CD Audio Connector ..................................................................................................................................................... 49
Modem Audio Connector............................................................................................................................................... 50
AUX-IN Connector ........................................................................................................................................................ 51
Front Audio ................................................................................................................................................................... 52
Die-Hard BIOS (100% Virus Protection, Optional) ........................................................................................................ 53
Dr. LED Connector (Upgrade Optional)......................................................................................................................... 56
Battery-less and Long Life Design ................................................................................................................................ 58
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Over-current Protection ................................................................................................................................................. 59
Hardware Monitoring..................................................................................................................................................... 60
Resettable Fuse ............................................................................................................................................................ 61
Year 2000 (Y2K) ........................................................................................................................................................... 62
2200
μf
Low ESR Capacitor ......................................................................................................................................... 63
Layout (Frequency Isolation Wall)................................................................................................................................. 65
Fansink on North Bridge ............................................................................................................................................... 66
Driver and Utility..............................................................................................................................67
Auto-run Menu from Bonus CD Disc ............................................................................................................................. 68
Installing Windows 95 ................................................................................................................................................... 69
Installing Windows 98 ................................................................................................................................................... 70
Installing Windows® 98 SE, Windows® ME & Windows®2000 ........................................................................................ 71
Installing VIA 4 in 1 Driver............................................................................................................................................. 72
Installing Onboard Sound Driver ................................................................................................................................... 73
Install Onboard IDE RAID Driver (AK77 Plus only) ....................................................................................................... 74
Install FastCheck™ Monitoring Utility (AK77 Plus only) ................................................................................................ 74
Installing Hardware Monitoring Utility............................................................................................................................ 75
ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive......................................................................................................................................... 76
ACPI Suspend to RAM (STR) ....................................................................................................................................... 80
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AWARD BIOS ....................................................................................................................................82
How To Use Award™ BIOS Setup Program .................................................................................................................. 83
How To Enter BIOS Setup............................................................................................................................................. 85
BIOS Upgrade............................................................................................................................................................... 86
Overclocking ....................................................................................................................................88
VGA Card & Hard Disk.................................................................................................................................................. 89
Glossar y ...........................................................................................................................................90
AC97............................................................................................................................................................................. 90
ACPI (Advanced Configuration & Power Interface) ....................................................................................................... 90
AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port) ................................................................................................................................... 90
AMR (Audio/Modem Riser) ........................................................................................................................................... 91
AOpen Bonus Pack CD................................................................................................................................................. 91
APM (Advanced Power Management)........................................................................................................................... 91
ATA (AT Attachment) ..................................................................................................................................................... 91
ATA/66 .......................................................................................................................................................................... 91
ATA/100 ........................................................................................................................................................................ 92
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)................................................................................................................................ 92
Bus Master IDE (DMA mode) ........................................................................................................................................ 92
CNR (Communication and Networking Riser) ............................................................................................................... 92
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CODEC (Coding and Decoding).................................................................................................................................... 93
DDR (Double Data Rate) SDRAM ................................................................................................................................. 93
DIMM (Dual In Line Memory Module)............................................................................................................................ 93
DMA (Direct Memory Access) ....................................................................................................................................... 93
ECC (Error Checking and Correction) ........................................................................................................................... 94
EDO (Extended Data Output) Memory .......................................................................................................................... 94
EEPROM (Electronic Erasable Programmable ROM) ................................................................................................... 94
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM) ...................................................................................................................... 94
EV6 Bus........................................................................................................................................................................ 95
FCC DoC (Declaration of Conformity) ........................................................................................................................... 95
FC-PGA (Flip Chip-Pin Grid Array)................................................................................................................................ 95
Flash ROM.................................................................................................................................................................... 95
FSB (Front Side Bus) Clock .......................................................................................................................................... 96
I2C Bus.......................................................................................................................................................................... 96
IEEE 1394..................................................................................................................................................................... 96
Parity Bit ....................................................................................................................................................................... 96
PBSRAM (Pipelined Burst SRAM)................................................................................................................................. 97
PC-100 DIMM ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
PC-133 DIMM ............................................................................................................................................................... 97
PC-1600 or PC-2100 DDR SDRAM............................................................................................................................... 97
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PCI (Peripheral Component Interface) Bus ................................................................................................................... 97
PDF Format .................................................................................................................................................................. 98
PnP (Plug and Play)...................................................................................................................................................... 98
POST (Power-On Self Test) .......................................................................................................................................... 98
RDRAM (Rambus DRAM) ............................................................................................................................................. 98
RIMM (Rambus Inline Memory Module) ........................................................................................................................ 99
SDRAM (Synchronous DRAM)...................................................................................................................................... 99
Shadow E2PROM.......................................................................................................................................................... 99
SIMM (Single In Line Memory Module) ......................................................................................................................... 99
SMBus (System Management Bus)............................................................................................................................. 100
SPD (Serial Presence Detect)..................................................................................................................................... 100
Ultra DMA ................................................................................................................................................................... 100
USB (Universal Serial Bus) ......................................................................................................................................... 101
VCM (Virtual Channel Memory)................................................................................................................................... 101
ZIP file ........................................................................................................................................................................ 101
Troubleshooting.............................................................................................................................102
Technical Support..........................................................................................................................106
Product Registration .....................................................................................................................109
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YYoouu MMuusstt NNoottiiccee
Adobe, the Adobe logo, Acrobat is trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated.
AMD, the AMD logo, Athlon and Duron are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
Intel, the Intel logo, Intel Celeron, Pentium II, Pentium III are trademarks of Intel Corporation.
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows logo are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United
States and/or other countries.
All product and brand names used on this manual are used for identification purposes only and may be the registered trademarks
of their respective owners.
All of the specifications and information contained in this manual are subject to change without notice. AOpen reserves the right to
revise this publication and to make reasonable changes. AOpen assumes no responsibility for any errors or inaccuracies that may
appear in this manual, including the products and software described in it.
This documentation is protected by copyright law. All rights are reserved.
No part of this document may be used or reproduced in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval
system without prior written permission from AOpen Corporation.
Copyright
©
1996-2000, AOpen Inc. All Rights Reserved.
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BBeeffoorree YYoouu SSttaarrtt
This Online Manual will introduce to the user how this product is installed. All useful information will be described in later chapters.
Please keep this manual carefully for future upgrades or system configuration changes. This Online Manual is saved in PDF format,
we recommend using Adobe Acrobat Reader 4.0 for online viewing, it is included in Bonus CD disc
from Adobe web site
Although this Online Manual is optimized for screen viewing, it is still capable for hardcopy printing, you can print it by A4 paper
size and set 2 pages per A4 sheet on your printer. To do so, choose File > Page Setup and follow the instruction of your printer
driver.
Thanks for the help of saving our earth.
.
or you can get free download
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OOvveerrvviieeww
Thank you for choosing AOpen AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro. The AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro is AMD® Socket 462 motherboard (M/B) based on
the ATX form factor featuring the VIA Apollo KT266 chipset
®
AMD
Socket 462 series Athlon™ & Duron™ processor and 266MHz EV6 system bus. In the AGP performance, it has one AGP slot
and supports AGP 1X/2X/4X mode and pipelined spilt-transaction long burst transfer up to 1066MB/sec. With high bandwidth
266MB/s 8-bit V-Link Host Controller, PC1600
maximum memory size can be up to 3GB. The on-board IDE controller supports Ultra DMA
up to 100MB/s. AK77 Plus with a Promise
FastTrak™ 100 Lite IDE RAID controller that
provides high performance and fault tolerance.
Further flexibility can be achieved by taking
advantage of the Communication and Network
Riser (CNR) card option that allows audio and
modem configuration on a single baseboard design.
Besides, the AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro has an AD 1885
AC97
CODEC chipset onboard for provides high
performance and magic surround stereo sound to
let people enjoy working with it. Now, enjoy all
features from AOpen AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro.
. As high performance chipset built in the M/B, the AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro
and PC2100 DDR SDRAM can be applied to the AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro and the
®
33/66/100 mode and the transfer rate
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FFeeaattuurree HHiigghhlliigghhtt
CPU
Supports AMD® Socket 462 Athlon™ & Duron™ 600MHz~1GHz+ with 266MHz EV6 Bus designed for Socket 462 technology.
Chipset
The VIA Apollo KT266 consists of the VT8366 V-Link DDR Host system controller and the VT8233 highly integrated V-Link Client
PCI/LPC controller. The Host system controller provides superior performance between the CPU, SDRAM, AGP bus, and V-Link
interface with pipelined, burst, and concurrent operation. The VT8233 V-Link Client controller is a highly integrated PCI/LPC
controller. Its internal bus structure is based on 66MHz PCI bus that provides 2x bandwidth compare to previous generation
PCI/ISA bridge chips. The VT8233 integrated Client V-Link controller with 266MB/s bandwidth between Host/Client V-Link interface,
provides a V-Link-PCI and V-Link-LPC controller. Of five PCI slots provided, AK77 Pro supports all five master PCI slots with
arbitration and decoding for all integrated functions and LPC bus; while AK77 Plus supports four master PCI slots for arbitration
and decoding functions also and one slave PCI slot.
Expansion Slots
Including five 32-bit/33MHz PCI, one CNR and one AGP 4X slots. The PCI local bus throughput can be up to 132MB/s. The
Communication & Nectworking Riser (CNR)
Modem/Audio card. The Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)
speed. The AGP video cards support data transfer rate up to 1066MB/s. As AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro includes one AGP expansion slot
for a bus mastering AGP graphic card, For AD and SBA signaling, AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro can support 133MHz 2X/4X mode.
slot provided from AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro can support CNR interface for a
specification provides a new level of video display sophistication and
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Memory
With VIA Apollo KT266 chipset, the AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro can support Double-Data-Rate (DDR) SDRAM. The DDR SDRAM
interface allows zero wait state bursting between the SDRAM and the data buffers at 66/100/133MHz. The six banks of DDR
SDRAM can be composed of an arbitrary mixture of 1M/2M4M/8M/16M/32M/64MxN SDRAM and maximum up to 3GB. The AK77
Plus / AK77 Pro allows SDRAM to run at either synchronous or pseudo-synchronous mode with the host CPU bus frequency
(66/100/133MHz).
Ultra DMA 33/66/100 Bus Mater IDE
Comes with an on-board PCI Bus Master IDE controller with two connectors that supports four IDE devices in two channels,
supports Ultra DMA
33/66/100, PIO Modes 3 and 4 and Bus Master IDE DMA Mode 4, and supports Enhanced IDE devices.
On-board ATA/100 IDE RAID (AK77 Plus Only)
1. Supports data striping (RAID 0) and mirroring (RAID 1). Provides dramatic increase in drive performance and/or fault tolerant
options. Offers performance customization and data rebuilds from the BIOS menu. Mirroring supports automatic background
rebuilds. Fault tolerance can be restored automatically without rebooting.
2. Supports up to four IDE drives which capacities are more than 8.4GB on the two IDE RAID connectors while still supporting
four IDE devices on the motherboard. The burst data transfer rates can up to 100MB/s from ATA/100 drives to boast overall
system performance.
3. Supports IDE Bus Master operation allows multi-tasking during disk drives transfer which increase CPU efficiency, then the
CPU is free to process task during IDE data transfer through PCI bus interface to/from system memory.
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On-board AC97 Sound
AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro uses the AD 1885 AC97 CODEC chip. This on-board audio includes a complete audio recording and
playback system.
Six USB Connectors
Provides three ports, six USB connectors for USB interface devices, such as mouse, keyboard, modem, scanner, etc. The onboard
USB Host controller is fully compliant with USB UHCI 1.1 specification that can fully compatible with low power mode and wake-up
specification.
1MHz Stepping Frequency Adjustment
Provides “1MHz Stepping Frequency Adjustment” function in the BIOS. This magic function allows you adjust CPU FSB frequency
from 100~248 by 1MHz stepping, and lets your system can get maximum performance.
Watch Dog Timer
Includes AOpen “Watch Dog Timer” function that can auto-reset system in 4.8 seconds when you fail to system overclocking.
Die-Hard BIOS with external controller (Upgrade Optional)
The Die-Hard BIOS technology is a very effective hardware protection method that doesn’t involve any software or BIOS coding.
Hence, it is 100% virus free.
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Dr. LED (Upgrade Optional)
The Dr. LED has 8 LEDs on AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro, which can easily show what kind of problem you may encounter.
Power Management/Plug and Play
The AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro supports the power management function that confirms to the power-saving standards of the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Energy Star program. It also offers Plug-and-Play
configuration problems, thus making the system much more user-friendly.
, which helps saving users from
Hardware Monitoring Management
Supports CPU or system fans status, temperature and voltage monitoring and alert, through the on-board hardware monitor module
and Aopen Hardware Monitoring Utility
.
Enhanced ACPI
Fully implement the ACPI standard for Windows® 95/98/ME/NT/2000 series compatibility, and supports Soft-Off, STR (Suspend to
RAM, S3), STD (Suspend to Disk, S4), WOM (Wake On Modem), WOL (Wake On LAN) features.
Super Multi-I/O
The AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro provides two high-speed UART compatible serial ports and one parallel port with EPP and ECP
capabilities. UART2 can also be directed from COM2 to the Infrared Module for the wireless connections.
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QQuuiicckk IInnssttaallllaattiioonn PPrroocceedduurree
This page gives you a quick procedure on how to install your system. Follow each step accordingly.
1.
Installing CPU and Fan
2.
Installing System Memory (DIMM)
3.
Connecting Front Panel Cable
4.
Connecting IDE and Floppy Cable
5.
Connecting ATX Power Cable
6.
Connecting Back Panel Cable
7.
Power-on and Load BIOS Setup Default
8.
Setting CPU Frequency
9.
Reboot
10.
Installing Operating System (such as Windows 98)
11.
Installing Driver and Utility
15
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CD-IN Connecto
Onboard AC97 CODEC
Die Hard BIOS with 100% Virus
Protection (Optional)
JP30 Die Hard BIOS
Select Jumpe
Green: AUX-IN Connecto
Red: Modem-IN Connecto
CNR Expansion Slot
32-bit PCI Expansion Slot x5
JP14 CMOS Data Clear Jumpe
(PCI 5 supports slave mode
PCI card only)
rd
2nd & 3
USB Port
Connecto
Dr. LED Connecto
(Upgrade Optional)
WOM (Wake ON Modem)
WOL (Wake ON LAN)
Chassis Fan Connector
with H/W Monitoring
Front Audio Connecto
Front Panel Connecto
PROMISE® FastTrak 100™
Lite IDE RAID Controller
System & RAM Power
Chassis Intrusion Sensor
Connecto
Connecto
IrDA Connecto
AK77 Plus Onl
Indicate LED
Connector
Motherboard Map
16
PC99 Colored Back Panel
Resettable Fuse
Keyboard/Mouse
Select Jumper
Wake-u
CPU Fan Connector with
H/W Monitoring
UX Fan Connecto
GP 4x Expansion Slot
462-pin CPU Socket with
Voltage and Frequency
uto-Detection that supports
® ® ®
MD Athlon and Duron
600MHz~1.2GHz+ CPU
®
VIA Apollo KT266
Chipset with Fansink
TX Power Connector
184-pin DDR SDRAM Slot x3
support maximum up to 3GB
JP21 FSB Select Jumper
TA/33/66/100 IDE
Connector x2
TA/100 IDE RAID
Connector x2 (AK77 Plus
Only)
FDD Connector
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
BBlloocckk DDiiaaggrraamm
Socket 462
AMD
Athl on/Duron
CPU
PC1600 /PC210 0 DDR
SDRAM Up to 3GB
DDR SDRAM Socket x3
66/100 /133MHz
System Bus
AGP Bus
DDR V-Link
Host Nort h 552
AGP 4X Slot
VT8366
BGA
USB connec tor x6
Floppy Disk Drive x2
PCI Bus
1stUSB Port
2ndUSB Port
3rdUSB Por t
32-bit PCI Slot x5
Promis e
FastTrak
100 IDE
RAID
Controller
ATA
33/66100
Primary
Channel
Secondary
Channel
Primary
Channel
Secondary
Channel
VT8233
V-Link Client
South 376
BGA
Supports ATA100 IDE RAID
0 and RAID 1 Solution
(AK77 Plus Only)
AC’97 Link
Audio CODEC
Modem CODEC
CNR Slot
2MBit Flash EEPROM
Parallel Port
Serial Port x2
IDE Drive x4
IDE Drive x4
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
HHaarrddwwaarree IInnssttaallllaattiioonn
This chapter describes jumpers, connectors and hardware devices of this motherboard.
Note: Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage your processor, disk drives, expansion boards,
and other components. Always observe the following precautions before you install a system
component.
1. Do not remove a component from its protective packaging until you are ready to install it.
2. Wear a wrist ground strap and attach it to a metal part of the system unit before handling a
component. If a wrist strap is not available, maintain contact with the system unit throughout
any procedures requiring ESD protection.
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CClleeaarr CCMMOOSS DDaattaa
You can clear CMOS to restore system default setting. To clear the CMOS, follow the procedures below.
1. Turn off the system and unplug the AC power.
2. Remove ATX power cable from connector PWR2.
3. Locate JP14 and short pins 2-3 for a few seconds.
4. Return JP14 to its normal setting by shorting pins 1 & pin2.
5. Connect ATX power cable back to connector PWR2.
Pin 1
1
Normal Operation
(default)
1
Clear CMOS
Tip: When should I Clear CMOS?
1. Boot fail because of overclocking…
2. Forget password…
3. Troubleshooting…
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CCPPUU IInnssttaallllaattiioonn
This motherboard supports AMD® Athlon and Duron Socket 462 series CPU. Be careful of CPU orientation when you plug it into
CPU socket.
1. Pull up the CPU socket lever and
up to 90-degree angle.
2. Locate Pin 1 in the socket and look for a black dot or cut edge on the
CPU upper interface. Match Pin 1 and cut edge, then insert the CPU into
the socket.
CPU socket
Lever
Note: This picture is for example only, it may not exactly be the same motherboard.
CPU pin 1
and cut edge
Black dot
and cut edge
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
3. Press down the CPU socket lever and finish
CPU installation.
Note: This picture is for example only, it may not exactly be the same motherboard.
CPU cut edge
Note: If you do not match the CPU
socket Pin 1 and CPU cut edge well, it
ma
damage the CPU.
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
JJPP2211 FFSSBB//PPCCII CClloocckk RRaattiioo
This jumper is used to specify the relationship of PCI and FSB clock. Generally speaking, if you are not overclockers, we
recommend you to set it to the default setting. Additionally, this motherboard also provides “1MHz Stepping Adjustment” feature
for overclockers to adjust CPU FSB frequency via BIOS setup program. Based on the CPU type, the adjustment range has two
levels: 100~129 (FSB=100, such as Athlon 800), 130~248 (FSB=133, such as Athlon 1000) MHz for your choosing. You may also
choose a specific FSB frequency ranging from 100~117 (say, 105, 110, 115 for example) and 120~156 with reference to a
frequency table in BIOS setup program. If you fix the CPU FSB frequency by JP21, the “1MHz Stepping Adjustment” range will be
changed and following your JP21 setting.
-
SW1 CPU Ratio
Select Switch
+
1
2
3
4
1 2 3
FSB=100
CPU Ratio SW1-1 SW1-2 SW1-3 SW1-4
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
CPU Default 0 0 0 0
－－＋－
＋－＋－
－＋＋－
＋＋＋－
－－－＋
＋－－＋
－＋－＋
＋＋－＋
－－＋＋
＋－＋＋
－＋＋＋
＋＋＋＋
－－－－
＋－－－
－＋－－
＋＋－－
FSB=133
(Default)
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CCPPUU JJuummppeerr--lleessss DDeessiiggnn
CPU VID signal and SMbus clock generator provide CPU voltage auto-detection and allows the user to set the CPU frequency
through the BIOS setup
designs are eliminated. There will be no worry of wrong CPU voltage detection.
CPU VID signal
, therefore no jumpers or switches are used. The disadvantages of the Pentium based jumper-less
AMD
Socket A CPU
Power Regulator
(Automatically generates CPU voltage)
CPU voltage
Clock
Generator
CPU Freq. Ratio
BIOS
Controlled
Circuit
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FFuullll--rraannggee AAddjjuussttaabbllee CCPPUU CCoorree VVoollttaaggee
This function is dedicated to overclockers, AOpen works together with Fairchild to develop a special chip FM3540 that supports
Adjustable CPU Core Voltage from 1.1V to 1.85 by 0.05 stepping. But this motherboard can also automatically detect CPU VID
signal and generates proper CPU core voltage.
BIOS Setup > Frequency/Voltage Control > CPU Voltage Setting
Warning: Higher CPU core voltage may be
able to increase CPU speed for overclocking,
but you may damage the CPU or reduce the
CPU lifecycle.
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SSeettttiinngg CCPPUU FFrreeqquueennccy
This motherboard is CPU jumper-less design, you can set CPU frequency through the BIOS setup, and no jumpers or switches are
needed.
BIOS Setup > Frequency/Voltage Control > CPU Speed Setting
CPU Ratio
CPU FSB
(By BIOS Table)
CPU FSB
(By manual Adjustment)
From 5.5x to 12.5x step 0.5x
100, 102, 105, 108, 110, 113, 115, 117, 120, 122, 124, 133, 136,
138, 140, 142, 144, 147, 152, 154, and 156MHz.
FSB=100, 100~129 by 1MHz stepping adjustment technology
FSB=133, 130~248 by 1MHz stepping adjustment technology
Home
y
Warning: VIA® Apollo KT266 chipset supports 133MHz
FSB (with performance reaches maximum 266MHz EV6
system bus) and 66MHz AGP clock, higher clock setting
may cause serious system damage.
Tip: If your system hangs or fails to boot because of
overclocking, simply use <Home> key to restore the
default setting (433MHz) or you can wait the AOpen
“Watch Dog Timer” reset the system after five seconds
and system will auto-detect hardware again.
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SSuuppppoorrtteedd CCPPUU FFrreeqquueennccyy
Core Frequency = CPU Bus Clock * CPU Ratio
PCI Clock = CPU Bus Clock / Clock Ratio
AGP Clock = PCI Clock x 2
EV6 Bus Speed = CPU external bus clock x 2
CPU CPU Core Frequency EV6 Bus Clock Ratio
Athlon 800 800MHz 200MHz 8.0x
Athlon 850 850MHz 200MHz 8.5x
Athlon 900 900MHz 200MHz 9.0x
Athlon 950 950MHz 200MHz 9.5x
Athlon 1G 1GHz 200MHz 10.0x
Athlon 1.1G 1.1GHz 200MHz 11.0x
Athlon 1.2G 1.2GHz 200MHz 12.0x
Athlon 1.3G 1.3GHz 200MHz 13.0x
Athlon 1.4G 1.4GHz 200MHz 14.0x
Athlon 1G 1GHz 266MHz 7.5x
Athlon 1.13G 1.13GHz 266MHz 8.5x
Athlon 1.2G 1.2GHz 266MHz 9.0x
Athlon 1.33G 1.33GHz 266MHz 10.0x
Athlon 1.4G 1.4GHz 266MHz 10.5x
AthlonXP 1500+ 1.3GHz 266MHz 10.0x
AthlonXP 1600+ 1.4GHz 266MHz 10.5x
AthlonXP 1700+ 1.46GHz 266MHz 11.0x
AthlonXP 1800+ 1.53GHz 266MHz 11.5x
AthlonXP 1900+ 1.6GHz 266MHz 12.0x
Duron 800 800MHz 200MHz 8.0x
Duron 850 850MHz 200MHz 8.5x
Duron 900 900MHz 200MHz 9.0x
Duron 950 950MHz 200MHz 9.5x
Duron 1G 1GHz 200MHz 10.0x
Duron 1.1G 1.1GHz 200MHz 11.0x
Note: This motherboard support
CPU auto-detection function.
Hence, you don’t need to setup
the CPU frequency manually.
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
AAOOppeenn ““WWaattcchh DDoogg TTiimmeerr””
With this motherboard, AOpen provides a very special, useful feature for overclockers. When you power-on the system, the BIOS
will check last system POST
FSB
frequency by user’s setting that stored in the BIOS. If system failed in BIOS POST, the “Watch Dog Timer” will reset the
system to reboot in five seconds. Then, BIOS will detect the CPU’s default frequency and POST again. With this special feature,
you can easily overclock your system to get higher system performance without removing the cover of system housing, and be able
to set the jumper to clear CMOS data when your system hanged.
AOpen
Watch Dog
Timer
status. If it succeeded, the BIOS will enable “Watch Dog Timer” function immediately, and set the CPU
Enable/Disable Signal
from BIOS
Countdown about
5 seconds if fails
in POST
Reset Signal
Clock Generator
BIOS
CPU ID Signal
CPU
27
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CCPPUU aanndd HHoouussiinngg FFaann CCoonnnneeccttoorr ((wwiitthh HH//WW MMoonniittoorriinngg))
Plug in the CPU fan cable to the 3-pin CPU FAN connector. If you have chassis fan, you can also plug it on System Fan or AUX
Fan (without H/W monitoring) connector.
Fan2 Connector
GND
+12V
SENSOR
Fan3 Connector
CPU Fan Connector
Note: Some CPU fans do not have
sensor pin, so that cannot support fan
monitoring.
GND
+12V
SENSOR
28
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
SSDDRRAAMM SSoocckkeett
The DDR SDRAM interface allows zero wait state bursting between the SDRAM and the data buffers at 100 or 133MHz. The three
184-pin sockets, six banks of DDR SDRAM can be composed of an arbitrary mixture of 1M/2M/4M/8M/16M/32M/64MxN SDRAM
with maximum up to 3GB.
Warning: The AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro
support DDR SDRAM, please do not
install the SDRAM on the DDR SDRAM
sockets. Otherwise, it will cause serious
damage on memory sockets or SDRAM
module.
DDR
SDRAM
29
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
HHooww ttoo IInnssttaallll MMeemmoorryy MMoodduulleess
Please follow the procedure as shown below to finish memory installation.
1. Make sure the DIMM module’s pin face down and match the socket’s size as depicted below.
2. Insert the module straight down to the DIMM slot with both hands and press down firmly until the DIMM module is securely in
place.
3. Repeat step 2 to finish additional DIMM modules installation.
Pin 1
Ta b
Key
52 pins 40 pins
Note: The tabs of the DIMM slot will
close-up to hold the DIMM in place
when the DIMM touches the slot’s
bottom.
Pin 1
30
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
SSyysstteemm aanndd RRAAMM PPoowweerr IInnddiiccaattee LLEEDD
This LED indicates there is power applies to motherboard and memory. If you connect power to the motherboard, this LED will be
lighting. It is useful to check the system power status when power on/off and stand-by mode or RAM power status during Suspend
to RAM mode.
System
Power LED
Warning: Do not install or remove the
DIMM module or others devices when
the LED is lighting.
31
e
A
A
A
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
FFrroonntt PPaanneell CCoonnnneeccttoorr
Attach the power LED, EMPI, speaker, power and reset switch connectors to th
corresponding pins. If you enable “Suspend Mode” item in BIOS Setup, the ACPI
& Power LED will keep flashing while the system is in suspend mode.
Locate the power switch cable from your ATX housing. It is 2-pin female
connector from the housing front panel. Plug this connector to the soft-power
switch connector marked SPWR.
Suspend Type ACPI LED
Power on Suspend (S1) Flashing for every second
Suspend to RAM (S3) or Suspend to Disk (S4) The LED will be turned off
IDE LED
SPEAKER
1
Power Switch
CPI & Power LED
RESET
IDE LED
IDE LED
SPEAKER
NC
NC
+5V
+5V
+5V
GND
NC
1
SPWR
GND
CPILED-
GND
CPILED+
NC
NC
GND
RESET
GND
32
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
AATTXX PPoowweerr CCoonnnneeccttoorr
The ATX power supply uses 20-pin connector shown below. Make sure you plug in the right direction.
COM
+5V
COM
+3.3V
+3.3V
+3.3V
-12V
COM
PS-ON
COM
+5V
COM
PW-OK
5VSB
+12V
+5V
+5V
-5V
COM
COM
33
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
AACC PPoowweerr AAuuttoo RReeccoovveerryy
A traditional ATX system should remain at power off stage when AC power resumes from power failure. This design is inconvenient
for a network server or workstation, without an UPS, that needs to keep power-on. This motherboard implements an AC Power Auto
Recovery function to solve this problem.
JJPP2288 KKeeyybbooaarrdd WWaakkee--uupp
This motherboard provides keyboard wake-up function. You can use the JP28 to enable or disable this function.
Pin 1
1 1
Disable
(Default)
Enable
34
(
(
)
(
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
IIDDEE,, FFllooppppyy aanndd IIDDEE RRAAIIDD ((AAKK7777 PPlluuss oonnllyy)) CCoonnnneeccttoorr
Connect 34-pin floppy cable and 40-pin IDE cable to floppy connector FDC and IDE/IDE RAID (AK77 Plus only) connector. Be
careful of the pin1 orientation. Wrong orientation may cause system damage.
IDE RAID
Connector
(AK77 Plus only)
RAID IDE 1
2nd)
Slave
RAID IDE 2
Slave (4th)
RAID IDE 1
Master
RAID IDE 2
Master
3rd)
1st
ATA 33/66/100
IDE Connector
35
Primary
Slave (2nd)
Pin 1
Secondary
Slave (4th)
Pin 1
Primary
Master (1st)
IDE1 (Primary)
IDE2 (Secondary)
Secondary
Master (3rd)
FDD
Connector
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
IDE1 is also known as the primary channel and IDE2 as the secondary channel. Each channel supports two IDE devices that make
a total of four devices. In order to work together, the two devices on each channel must be set differently to Master and Slave
mode. Either one can be the hard disk or the CDROM. The setting as master or slave mode depends on the jumper on your IDE
device, so please refer to your hard disk and CDROM manual accordingly.
This motherboard supports ATA3 3
modes. The IDE bus is 16-bit, which means every transfer is two bytes.
Mode Clock Period Clock
PIO mode 0 30ns 20 600ns (1/600ns) x 2byte = 3.3MB/s
PIO mode 1 30ns 13 383ns (1/383ns) x 2byte = 5.2MB/s
PIO mode 2 30ns 8 240ns (1/240ns) x 2byte = 8.3MB/s
PIO mode 3 30ns 6 180ns (1/180ns) x 2byte = 11.1MB/s
PIO mode 4 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte = 16.6MB/s
DMA mode 0 30ns 16 480ns (1/480ns) x 2byte = 4.16MB/s
DMA mode 1 30ns 5 150ns (1/150ns) x 2byte = 13.3MB/s
DMA mode 2 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte = 16.6MB/s
UDMA 33 30ns 4 120ns (1/120ns) x 2byte x2 = 33MB/s
UDMA 66 30ns 2 60ns (1/60ns) x 2byte x2 = 66MB/s
UDMA100 20ns 2 40ns (1/40ns) x 2byte x2 = 100MB/s
Warning: The specification of the IDE cable is a maximum of 46cm (18 inches);
make sure your cable does not exceed this length.
, ATA66 or ATA100 IDE devices. Following table lists the transfer rate of IDE PIO and DMA
Count
Cycle Time Data Transfer Rate
Tip:
1. For better signal quality,
it is recommended to set
the far end side device
to master mode and
follow the suggested
sequence to install your
new device. Please refer
to above diagra m
2. To achieve the best
performance of Ultra
DMA 66/100 hard disks,
a special 80-wires IDE
cable for Ultra DMA
36
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
IIDDEE RRAAIIDD CCoonnttrroolllleerr ((AAKK7777 PPlluuss oonnllyy))
The AK77 Plus motherboard has added an onboard PROMISE® FastTrak 100 Lite IDE RAID controller. If you want to enable or
disable this controller, you may directly adjust them through the bios setup without adjusting any jumper.
37
X
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
IIrrDDAA CCoonnnneeccttoorr
The IrDA connector can be configured to support wireless infrared module, with this module and application software such as
Laplink or Windows 95 Direct Cable Connection, the user can transfer files to or from laptops, notebooks, PDA devices and printers.
This connector supports HPSIR (115.2Kbps, 2 meters) and ASK-IR (56Kbps).
Install the infrared module onto the IrDA connector and enable the infrared function from BIOS Setup, UART2 Mode
have the correct orientation when you plug in the IrDA connector.
Pin 1
IR_T IR_RX
, make sure to
IrDA Connector
NC KEY
+5V GND
38
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WWOOMM ((ZZeerroo VVoollttaaggee WWaakkee oonn MMooddeemm)) CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This motherboard implements special circuit to support Wake On Modem, both Internal modem card and external box modem are
supported. Since Internal modem card consumes no power when system power is off, it is recommended to use an internal modem.
To use internal modem, connect 4-pin cable from RING connector of modem card to the WOM connector on the motherboard.
WOM Connector
+5VSB
NC
RI-
GND
39
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WWOOMM bbyy EExxtteerrnnaall BBOOXX MMooddeem
Traditional Green PC suspend mode does not really turn off the system power supply, it uses external box modem to trigger MB
COM port and resume back to active.
Note: This picture is for example only, it may not exactly be the same motherboard.
Pin 1
Pin 1
m
Serial Port
(Modem Side)
(Motherboard Side)
Serial Port
40
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WWOOMM bbyy IInntteerrnnaall MMooddeemm CCaarrd
With the help of the ATX soft power On/Off, it is possible to have a system totally power off, and wakeup to automatically answer a
phone call as an answering machine or to send/receive a fax. You may identify whether or not your system is in true power off
mode by checking to see if the fan of your power supply is off. Both an external box modem and an internal modem card can be
used to support Modem Wake Up, but if you use an external modem, you have to leave your box modem on.
WOM Connector
(Motherboard Side)
Note: This picture is for example only, it may not exactly be the same motherboard.
d
41
WOM Connector
(Modem Card
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WWOOLL ((WWaakkee oonn LLAANN))
This feature is very similar as Wake On Modem, but it goes through local area network. To use Wake On LAN function, you must
have a network card with chipset that supports this feature, and connect a cable from LAN card to motherboard WOL connector.
The system identification information (probably IP address) is stored on network card and because there is a lot of traffic on the
Ethernet, you need to install network management software, such as ADM, for the checking of how to wake up the system. Note
that, at least 600mA ATX standby current is required to support the LAN card for this function.
LID
GND
+5VSB
42
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
WOL Connector
(Motherboard Side)
Note: This picture is for example only, it may not exactly be the same motherboard.
WOL Connector
(Ethernet Card Side)
43
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
AAGGPP ((AAcccceelleerraatteedd GGrraapphhiicc PPoorrtt)) EExxppaannssiioonn SSlloott
The AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro provides an AGP 4x slot. The AGP 4x is a bus interface targeted for high-performance 3D graphic. AGP
supports only memory read/write operation and single-master single-slave one-to-one only. AGP uses both rising and falling edge
of the 66MHz clock, for 2X AGP, the data transfer rate is 66MHz x 4bytes x 2 = 528MB/s. AGP is now moving to AGP 4x mode,
66MHz x 4bytes x 4 = 1056MB/s.
44
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
CCNNRR ((CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn aanndd NNeettwwoorrkk RRiisseerr)) EExxppaannssiioonn SSlloott
CNR is the latest riser card specification to replace the AMR (Audio/Modem Riser) that supports V.90 analog modem,
multi-channel audio, and a variety of networking with Ethernet LAN, DSL, USB, wireless, or phone-line based home
networking added. Owing to CPU computing power getting stronger, the digital processing job can be integrated into main chipset
and share CPU power. However, the analogy conversion (CODEC
put on the lower cost and flexible CNR card. Though this motherboard implements audio CODEC on board (can be disabled by
BIOS), it reserves CNR slot for the option of other functions, which means that you can still use your favourite PCI modem/LAN
card depends on your preferences.
) circuit requires a different and separate circuit design, which is
45
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
PPCC9999 CCoolloorr CCooddeedd BBaacckk PPaanneell
The onboard I/O devices are PS/2 Keyboard, PS/2 Mouse, serial ports COM1 and COM2, Printer, six USB, AC97 sound and game
port. The view angle of drawing shown here is the back panel of the housing.
PS/2 Keyboard: For standard keyboard, which is using a PS/2 plug.
PS/2 Mouse: For PC-Mouse, which is using a PS/2 plug.
USB Port: Available for connecting USB devices.
Parallel Port: To connect with SPP/ECP/EPP printer.
COM1 Port: To connect with pointing devices, modem or others serial devices.
Speaker Out: To External Speaker, Earphone or Amplifier.
Line-In: Comes from the signal sources, such as CD/Tape player.
MIC-In: From Microphone.
MIDI/Game Port: For 15-pin PC joystick, game pad or MIDI devices.
PS/2 Mouse
Connector
PS/2 Keyboard
Connector
USB Port
COM 1 Port COM 2 Port
SPP/EPP/ECP
Parallel Port
Game Port
MIC-In
Line-In
Speaker Out
46
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
d
nnd
SSuuppppoorrtt 2
This motherboard supports three USB ports and provides six USB connectors. Two of them are on the PC99 colored back panel,
nd
and 2
and 3rd port connector is behind PCI3 slot. You can use proper cable to connect others USB connectors to the back panel
or front panel of chassis.
2
Pin 1
+5V
SBD2-
SBD2+
GND
KEY
3
&& 3
1 2
9 10
d
rrd
UUSSBB PPoorrtt
+5V
SBD3SBD3+
GND
NC
47
1
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
CChhaassssiiss IInnttrruussiioonn SSeennssoorr
The Case Open connector provides chassis intrusion-monitoring function. This function logged the event in the system BIOS when
chassis is opened. You can use the 2-pin chassis intrusion sensor to connect with Case Open, and enable the chassis monitoring
function of system BIOS. Please contact our local distributor or reseller for purchasing this sensor. And again, you also can visit our
official web site: www.aopen.com.tw
to get more information.
Pin 1
SENSOR
GND
Case Open Chassis Intrusion
Sensor Connector
48
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
CCDD AAuuddiioo CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This connector is used to connect CD Audio cable from CD-ROM or DVD drive to onboard sound.
Pin 1
R GND GND L
CD-IN
49
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
MMooddeemm AAuuddiioo CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This connector is used to connect Mono In/MIC Out cable from internal modem card to onboard sound circuit. The pin 1-2 is Mono
In, and the pin 3-4 is MIC Out. Please note that there is no standard for this kind of connector yet, only some internal modem cards
implement this connector.
MIC Out
GND
GND
Mono In
MODEM-CN
50
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
AAUUXX--IINN CCoonnnneeccttoorr
This connector is used to connect MPEG Audio cable from MPEG card to onboard sound.
R
GND
GND
L
AUX-IN
51
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
FP_MIC
NC
1 2
GND
+5V
JS1
KEY
NC
9 10
FFrroonntt AAuuddiioo
If the housing has been designed with an audio port on the front panel, you’ll be able to connect onboard audio to front panel
through this connector. By the way, please remove the jumper cap from the Front Audio Connector before you connect the cable.
Do not remove this yellow jumper cap if housing without an audio port on the front panel.
FP_VREF
PHONE_R
PHONE_L
Pin 1
52
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
DDiiee--HHaarrd
Recently, many viruses have been found that they may destroy bios code and data area. Therefore, this motherboard implements
a very effective hardware protection method that does not involve any software or BIOS coding, hence it is 100% virus free. You
may restore the originally mounted BIOS with 2
comes with one BIOS ROM, you may contact our local distributor or reseller for purchasing the extra BIOS ROM. Please visit our
website: www.aopen.com.tw
d BBIIOOSS ((110000%% VViirruuss PPrrootteeccttiioonn,,
nd
BIOS ROM by setting JP30 to pin 2-3 if it fails to act normally. This motherboard
for details.
JP30
Pin 1
Upgrade OOppttiioonnaall)
)
Rescue
ROM
1 1
Normal
Rescue
BIOS
ROM
53
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
EExxtteerrnnaall CCoonnttrroolllleerr ffoorr DDIIEE--HHAARRDD BBIIOOSS ((OOppttiioonnaall))
External Controller provides you a better and convenience way to switch the BIOS status between “Rescue” and “Normal”
without opening the case of your computer. You have to plug the jumper cable to the connector pin (JP30) on the motherboard. Be
careful of the orientation when you connect, the red wire should correspond to Pin1.
Normal
To / Form CPU
Read Only
Read/Write
Rescue ROM
Manual Switch
Flash ROM
54
p
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
Note: If you suspect your BIOS is infected by virus, just rescue your bios by following steps:
1. Turn off the system, set the External Controller to “Rescue” to read from rescue ROM.
2. Boot the system and set the switch back to “Normal”.
3. Follow the BIOS upgrade procedure to rehabilitate BIOS.
Reboot the system, and you should be able to go back to normal mode.
Normal
(Read from normal
Flash ROM)
Tip: If you place the switch to the middle
rd
picture shows), you will not be
(as 3
able to boot your system, thus you can
rotect your data from molesting.
Rescue
(Read from
Rescue ROM)
Lock
(Lock your computer
to protect your data)
55
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
DDrr.. LLEEDD CCoonnnneeccttoorr ((UUppggrraaddee OOppttiioonnaall))
In conjunction with Dr. LED (Upgrade Optional), which can easily show what kind of problem you may incur on your system during
assembly. It can clearly indicate whether there is a component issue or an installed issue by the 8 LEDs on the front panel of Dr.
LED. This helps you quickly self-diagnostic your system status.
Pin 1
3.3V
NC
GND
1 2
GPO12
GPO14
GPO14-
5 6
56
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
Dr. LED is a CD disc storage box with 8 LEDs on its front panel, the size of Dr. LED is exactly the same as 5.25 in floppy drive, so
that it can be mount into normal 5.25 in drive bay of any housing.
The total 8 LEDs light up alternatively if the system fails in one of eight stages. Once the LED7 (latest LED) is lit, this indicates that
the system has completed its boot-up procedure.
The 8 LEDs indicate the following messages when lit:
LED 0 - Indicates that the CPU may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 1 - Indicates that the memory may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 2 - Indicates that the AGP may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 3 - Indicates that the PCI card may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 4 - Indicates that the floppy disk drive may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 5 - Indicates that the HDD may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 6 - Indicates that the keyboard may have been installed incorrectly or is damaged.
LED 7 - Indicates that the system is OK.
7
0123456
Boot O.K. KB HDD Audio CPUVideo
PCI Memo ry
Note: During POST (Power On Self Test) procedure, the
Debug LED will light on sequentially from LED0 to LED7 until
the system boot O.K
57
A
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
Auto Switch
RTC
CMOS
uto switching to ATX standby
power as long as AC power
line is plugged. This smart
design can increases battery
life if you still had battery
plugged on motherboard.
Backup by EEPROM
BBaatttteerryy--lleessss aanndd LLoonngg LLiiffee DDeessiiggnn
This Motherboard implements Flash ROM and a special circuit that allows you to save your current CPU and CMOS Setup
configurations without using the battery. The RTC (real time clock) can also keep running as long as the power cord is plugged. If
you lose your CMOS data by accident, you can just reload the CMOS configurations from Flash ROM and the system will recover
as usual.
Flash
ROM
ATX Stand-by Power Battery
(Real Time Clock)
00:00:00
58
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
OOvveerr--ccuurrrreenntt PPrrootteeccttiioonn
It is very popular that the Over Current Protection was implemented on ATX 3.3V/5V/12V switching power supply. However, the
new generation CPU uses different voltages that has regulator to transfer 5V to CPU voltage (for example, 2.0V), and thus makes
5V over current protection useless. This motherboard is equipped with switching regulator onboard which supports CPU
over-current protection; in conjunction with 3.3V/5V/12V power supply to provide the full line over-current protection.
Note: Although we have implemented protection circuit try to prevent any human operating
mistake, there is still certain risk that CPU, memory, HDD, add-on cards installed on this
motherboard may be damaged because of component failure, human operating error or unknown
nature reason. AOpen cannot guaranty the protection circuit will always work perfectly.
ATX Switching Power
Supply
Regulator
Onboard
Power
Over-Current
Protection
Circuit
12V (Protected by power supply)
3.3V (Protected by power supply)
5V (Protected by power supply)
CPU Core Voltage
59
A
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
Fan
CPU
to warn the user.
Fan Speed
Open H/W Monitoring
Utility
CPU Temperature
CPU Voltage
System Voltage
Detection
Circuit
HHaarrddwwaarree MMoonniittoorriinngg
This motherboard implements a hardware monitoring system. As you turn on your system, this smart design will continue to monitor
your system’s working voltage, fan status and CPU temperature. If any of these systems’ status go wrong, there will be an alarm
through the AOpen Hardware Monitoring Utility
Power
60
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
RReesseettttaabbllee FFuussee
Traditional motherboard has fuse for Keyboard and USB port to prevent over-current or shortage. These fuses are soldered
onboard that user cannot replace it when it is damaged (did the job to protect motherboard), and the motherboard remains
malfunction.
With expensive Resettable Fuse, the motherboard can resume back to normal function after fuse had done its protection job.
Resettable
Fuse
61
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
YYeeaarr 22000000 ((YY22KK))
Y2K is basically a problem of the identification of year code. To save storage space, traditional software uses only two digits for
year identification. For example, 98 for 1998 and 99 for 1999, but 00 will be confused with 1900 and 2000.
There is an RTC circuit (Real Time Clock) in conjunction with 128 bytes of CMOS RAM data in the chipset of the motherboard. The
RTC has only two digits and the CMOS has another 2 digits. Unfortunately, this circuit’s behavior is like this 1997 1998 1999
1900, that means it may have the Y2K problem. Below is a diagram of how applications work with the OS, BIOS and RTC. In
order to keep the best compatibility in the PC industry there is a rule that applications must call the OS to get services and OS must
call the BIOS, and then only BIOS is allowed to access the hardware (RTC) directly.
Operating System (such as Windows 98)
BIOS (Tick Routine)
RTC and CMOS data
Applications
There is a Tick Routine (that goes live around every 50m sec) in the
BIOS to keep record of date/time information. In general the BIOS,
this Tick Routine does not update the CMOS every time because the
CMOS is a very slow device that degrades system performance.
The Tick Routine of the AOpen BIOS has 4 digits for year coding, as
long as applications and the operating system follow the rule to get
date/time information. There will be no Y2K problem (such as
NSTL’s test program). But unfortunately again, we found some test
programs (such as Checkit 98) accesses RTC/CMOS directly. This
motherboard has hardware Y2K checking and protection that
ensures risk free operation.
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0
2222000
The quality of low ESR capacitor (Low Equivalent Series Resistance) during high frequency operation is very important for the
stability of CPU power. The idea of where to put these capacitors is another know-how that requires experience and detail
calculation.
Not only that, this motherboard implements 2200μf capacitor, which is much larger than normal condenser (1000 or 1500μf) and
it provides better stability for CPU power.
μμff
LLooww EESSRR CCaappaacciittoorr
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The power circuit of the CPU core voltage must be checked to ensure system stability for high speed CPUs (such as the new
Pentium III, or when overclocking). A typical CPU core voltage is 2.0V, so a good design should control voltage between 1.860V
and 2.140V. That is, the transient must be below 280mV. Below is a timing diagram captured by a Digital Storage Scope, it shows
the voltage transient is only 143mv even when maximum 18A current is applied.
Note: This diagram for example only, it may not exactly be the same diagram of this motherboard.
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LLaayyoouutt ((FFrreeqquueennccyy IIssoollaattiioonn WWaallll))
Note: This diagram is for example only, it may not exactly be the same diagram of this motherboard.
For high frequency operation, especially overclocking,
layout is the most important factor to make sure
chipset and CPU working in stable condition. The
layout of this motherboard implements AOpen’s
unique design called “ Frequency Isolation Wall”.
Separating each critical portion of motherboard into
regions where each region operates in a same or
similar frequency range to avoid cross talk and
frequency interference between each region’s
operations and condition. The trace length and route
must be calculated carefully. For example, the clock
trace must be equal length (not necessarily as short
as possible) so that clock skew will be controlled
within few a pico second (1/10
12
Sec)
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
FFaannssiinnkk oonn NNoorrtthh BBrriiddggee
In order to provide a better effect of cooling and make the chipset work more stable, we especially design a fansink on the north
bridge. After locating the fansink on the north bridge, plug the connector to the header marked AUX Fan on the motherboard.
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DDrriivveerr aanndd UUttiilliittyy
There are motherboard drivers and utilities included in AOpen Bonus CD disc. You don’t need to install all of them in order to boot
your system. But after you finish the hardware installation, you have to install your operation system first (such as Windows 98)
before you can install any drivers or utilities. Please refer to your operation system’s installation guide.
Note: Please follow recommended procedure
to install Windows 95
and Windows 98.
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AAuuttoo--rruunn MMeennuu ffrroomm BBoonnuuss CCDD DDiisscc
You can use the auto-run menu of Bonus CD disc. Choose the utility and driver and select model name.
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IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowwss 9955
1. First, don’t install any add-on card except AGP card.
2. Install Windows 95 OSR2 v2.1, 1212 or 1214 version and later with USB support. Otherwise, you need to install
USBSUPP.EXE.
3. Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver
program.
4. Finally, Install other add-on cards and their drivers.
, which includes VIA AGP Vxd driver, VIA ATAPI Vendor Support driver and VIA registry (INF)
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IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowwss 9988
1. First, don’t install any add-on card except AGP card.
2. Enable USB Controller in BIOS Setup > Advanced Chipset Features > OnChip USB, to make BIOS fully capable of
controlling IRQ assignment.
3. Install Window 98 into your system.
4. Install the VIA 4 in 1 driver
registry (INF) program.
5. Finally, Install other add-on cards and their drivers.
, which includes VIA AGP Vxd driver, IRQ Routing, VIA ATAPI Vendor Support driver and VIA
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®
®
IInnssttaalllliinngg WWiinnddoowws
If you are using Windows® 98 Second Edition, Windows® Millennium Edition or Windows® 2000, you do not need to install the 4-in-1
driver as the IRQ Routing Driver and the ACPI Registry are already incorporated into the operating system. Users with Windows
98 SE may update the VIA Registry INF and AGP drivers by installing them individually.
Please refer to VIA Technologies Inc.
http://www.via.com/
http://www.via.com/drivers/4in1420.exe
s
9988 SSEE,, WWiinnddoowws
for latest version of 4 in 1 driver:
®
®
s
MMEE && WWiinnddoowws
®
®
s
22000000
®
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
IInnssttaalllliinngg VVIIAA 44 iinn 11 DDrriivveerr
You can install the VIA 4 in 1 driver (IDE Bus master (For Windows NT use), VIA ATAPI Vendor Support Driver, VIA AGP, IRQ
Routing Driver (For Windows 98 use), VIA Registry (INF) Driver) from the Bonus Pack CD disc auto-run menu.
Warning: If you want to uninstall the VIA AGP Vxd driver, please remove
the AGP card driver first. Otherwise, the screen may go black at rebooting
after the un-installation.
Note: Installing this Bus Master
IDE driver may cause Suspend
to Hard Drive failure.
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IInnssttaalllliinngg OOnnbbooaarrdd SSoouunndd DDrriivveerr
This motherboard comes with an AD 1885 AC97 CODEC and the sound controller is in VIA South Bridge chipset. You can find the
audio driver from the Bonus Pack CD disc auto-run menu.
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IInnssttaallll OOnnbbooaarrdd IIDDEE RRAAIIDD DDrriivveerr ((AAKK7777 PPlluuss oonnllyy))
The onboard PROMISE® FastTrak 100 Lite chipset provides DOS, Widows 3.1/95/98/98 SE/ME/NT/2000 driver for install. Please
refer to the “ATA/100 IDE RAID Manual” for more detail information.
IInnssttaallll FFaassttCChheecckk™™ MMoonniittoorriinngg UUttiilliittyy ((AAKK7777 PPlluuss oonnllyy))
You can monitor the operating status of disk array and drives configured on the IDE RAID channel using the supplies FastCheck™
monitoring utility for Windows-based operating system. FastCheck™ generates visual and audible messages alerting you possible
problems with the disk array or controller. Please refer to the “ATA/100 IDE RAID Manual” for more detail information.
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IInnssttaalllliinngg HHaarrddwwaarree MMoonniittoorriinngg UUttiilliittyy
You can install Hardware Monitoring Utility to monitor CPU temperature, fans and system voltage. The hardware monitoring
function is automatically implemented by the BIOS and utility software. No hardware installation is needed.
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AACCPPII SSuussppeenndd ttoo HHaarrdd DDrriivvee
ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive is basically controlled by Windows operation system. It saves your current work (system status,
memory and screen image) into hard disk, and then the system can be totally power off. Next time, when power is on, you can
resume your original work directly from hard disk within few seconds without go through the Windows booting process and run your
application again. If your memory is 64MB, normally, you need to reserve at least 64MB HDD space to save your memory image.
When go into Suspend:
When power-on next time:
System
Image &
Status
System
Image &
Status
Save into
Restore within seconds
Hard
Disk
Hard
Disk
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System Requirement
1. AOZVHDD.EXE 1.30b or later.
2. Delete config.sys and autoexec.bat.
Fresh installation of Windows 98 on a new system
1. Execute "Setup.exe /p j" to install Windows 98
2. After Windows 98's installation is complete, go to the Control Panel > Power Management.
a. Set Power Schemes > System Standby to "Never".
b. Click on "Hibernate" and select "Enable Hibernate Support" then "Apply".
c. Click on the "Advanced" tab, you'll see "Hibernate" on "Power Buttons". Note that this option will only be seen after step b
mentioned above has been completed; otherwise only "Standby" and "Shutdown" will be shown. Select "Hibernate" and
"Apply".
3. Clean boot into DOS and run AOZVHDD utility.
a. If you assign the whole disk to your Win 98 system (FAT 16 or FAT 32), please run "aozvhdd /c /file". Please remember
sufficient free space has to be reserved in the disk, e.g. if you have 64 MB DRAM and 16 MB VGA card installed, the system
needs at least 80 MB free space. The utility will locate the space automatically.
b. If you assign an individual partition for Win 98, please run "aozvhdd /c /partition". Of course, the system needs to provide
unformatted an empty partition.
4. Reboot system.
5. You've already implemented ACPI Suspend to-Hard Drive. Click "Start > Shut Down > Standby" then the screen will go off
immediately. And 1 minute or so will be taken for the system to save what's in the memory to the hard drive; the larger the memory
size the longer this process will take.
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Changing from APM to ACPI (Windows 98 only)
1. Run "Regedit.exe"
a. Go through the following path
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
SOFTWARE
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS
CURRENT VERSION
DETECT
b. Select "ADD Binary" and name it as "ACPIOPTION".
c. Right click and select Modify, add "01" after "0000" to make it "0000 01".
d. Save changes.
2. Select "Add New Hardware" under Control Panel. Allow Windows 98 to detect new hardware. (It will find "ACPI BIOS" and
remove "Plug and Play BIOS")
3. Reboot system.
4. Clean boot into DOS and run "AOZVHDD.EXE /C /File"
Changing from ACPI to APM
1. Run "Regedit.exe"
a. Go through the following path
78
A
AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
SOFTWARE
MICROSOFT
WINDOWS
CURRENT VERSION
DETECT
ACPI OPTION
b. Right click and select "Modify, change "01" to "02" to make it "0000 02".
c. Save changes.
2. Select "Add New Hardware" under Control Panel. Allow Windows 98 to detect new hardware. (It will find "Plug and Play BIOS"
and remove "ACPI BIOS")
3. Reboot system.
4. Run "Add New Hardware" again and it will find "Advanced Power Management Resource".
5. Click "OK".
Tip: "02" means Windows 98 is ACPI acknowledged
but the ACPI function is disabled.
Tip: Currently we found only ATI 3D Rage Pro AGP card would support
CPI suspend to disk. Please refer to AOpen web site for latest update
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AACCPPII SSuussppeenndd ttoo RRAAMM ((SSTTRR))
This motherboard supports ACPI Suspend to RAM function. With this function, you can resume your original work directly from
SDRAM without going through the Windows 98 booting process and run your application again. Suspend to SDRAM saves your
current work in the system memory, it is faster than Suspend to Hard Drive but requires power supplied to SDRAM, while Suspend
to Hard Drive requires no power.
When go into Suspend:
When power-on next time:
System Image & Status in
the SDRAM
System Image & Status
in the SDRAM
Backup by
2.5V Power
Power back
to work
Other System
Devices
Other System
Devices
Power loss
Power back to work
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To implement ACPI Suspend to DRAM, please follow the procedures as below:
System Requirement
1. An ACPI OS is required. Currently, Windows 98 is the only choice. Please refer to ACPI Suspend to Hard Drive of how to
setup Windows 98 ACPI mode.
2. The VIA 4 in 1 Driver must have been installed properly.
Procedures
1. Changed the following BIOS settings.
BIOS Setup > Power Management Setup > ACPI Function: Enabled
BIOS Setup > Power Management Setup > ACPI Suspend Type: S3.
2. Go to Control Panel > Power Management. Set “Power Buttons” to “Standby”.
3. Press power button or standby button to wake up the system.
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AAWWAARRDD BBIIOOSS
System parameters can be modified by going into BIOS Setup menu, this menu allows you to configure the system parameters and
save the configuration into the 128 bytes CMOS area, (normally in the RTC chip or in the main chipset).
The AwardBIOS™ that installed in the Flash ROM
provides critical low-level support for standard devices such as hard disk drives, serial and parallel ports.
Most BIOS setting of AK77 Plus / AK77 Pro had been optimized by AOpen’s R&D engineering team. But, the default setting of
BIOS still can’t fine-tune the chipset controlling the entire system. Hence, the rest of this chapter is intended to guide you through
the process of configuring your system using setup procedures.
To enter to BIOS setup menu, press <Del> when POST (Power-On Self Test) screen is shown on your monitor.
of the motherboard is a custom version of an industry standard BIOS. The BIOS
Note: Because the BIOS code is the most often
changed part of the motherboard design, the BIOS
information contained in this manual may be
different with actual BIOS that come with your
motherboard.
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HHooww TToo UUssee AAwwaarrdd™™ BBIIOOSS SSeettuupp PPrrooggrraamm
Generally, you can use the arrow keys to highlight items that you want to choose, then press <Enter> key to select, and use the
<Page Up> and <Page Down> key to change setting value. You also can press <F1> key for help and press <Esc> key to quit
Award™ BIOS setup program. The following table provides details about how to use keyboard in the Award™ BIOS setup program.
By the way, all products of AOpen also provides a special function in the BIOS setup, you can press <F3> key selecting preferred
menu language to display.
Key Description
Page Up or + Changing setting to next value or increase the value.
Page Down or - Changing setting to previous value or decrease value.
Enter Select the item.
Esc 1. In main menu: Quit and don’t save any change.
2. In sub menu: Exit current menu to main menu.
Up Arrow Highlight previous item.
Down Arrow Highlight next item.
Left Arrow Move the light bar to left side of menu.
Right Arrow Move the light bar to right side of menu.
F1 Get menu or item help description.
F3 Changing menu language.
F5 Load previous setting value from CMOS.
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Key Description
F6 Load fail-save setting value from CMOS.
F7 Load turbo setting value from CMOS.
F10 Save changed setting and exit setup program.
Note: AOpen always dedicates to give users a much
more friendly computer system. Now, we include all
function descriptions of BIOS setup program into the
BIOS Flash ROM. When you select one function of
BIOS setup program, the function description will
appeared at right side of screen. Hence, you don’t
need read this manual while you changing the BIOS
setting.
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HHooww TToo EEnntteerr BBIIOOSS SSeettuupp
After you finish the setting of jumpers and connect correct cables. Power on and enter the BIOS Setup, press <Del> during POST
(Power-On Self Test). Choose "Load Setup Defaults" for recommended optimal performance.
Del
Warning: Please avoid of using "Load Turbo Defaults", unless
you are sure your system components (CPU, SDRAM, HDD,
etc.) are good enough for turbo setting.
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BBIIOOSS UUppggrraaddee
By flashing your motherboard, you agree to accept the possibility of BIOS flash failure. If you motherboard is working and is stable,
and there are no major bugs that were fixed by a latter BIOS revision, we recommend that you DO NOT try to upgrade your BIOS.
By doing so, you are taking a risk of BIOS flash failure. If you indeed intent on upgrading, PLEASE BE SURE to use the right BIOS
revision for the right motherboard model.
AOpen Easy Flash is a little bit different from traditional flash method. The BIOS
and you simply run a single commend to complete the flash process.
binary file and flash routine are linked together
Caution: AOpen Easy Flash BIOS programs are designed to be
compatible with the Award BIOS. At the date of this note, AOpen
Easy Flash BIOS programs are not available for AMI BIOS. AMI
BIOS appears mostly only on old 486 boards and some early
Pentium boards. Please be sure to view the README compressed
inside the BIOS package before upgrading, and follow upgrade
instructions carefully. This will minimize the chance of flash
failures.
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Below are the steps for easy flashing procedures: (applies for Award BIOS ONLY)
1. Download new BIOS upgrade zip
For example, AK77P102.ZIP.
2. Run shareware PKUNZIP (http://www.pkware.com/) which supports miscellaneous operation systems to extract the binary
BIOS file and the flash utility.
Or Winzip (http://www.winzip.com/
3. Save the unzipped file into a bootable floppy disk.
For example, AK77P102.BIN & AK77P102.EXE
4. Reboot the system to DOS mode without loading any memory handler (such as EMM386) or device driver. It needs around
520K free memory spaces.
5. Execute A:> AK77P102 and the program will do the rest of it.
DO NOT turn off the power during FLASH PROCESS until you are asked to!!
6. Reboot system and press <Del> to enter BIOS setup
Warning: The new BIOS upgrade will permanently replace your
original BIOS's settings and PnP information when flashing. You
may need to reconfigure your BIOS setting and re-install
Win95/Win98 as well as your add-on cards, so that your system
can go back to work as normal.
file from AOpen's web site.
) in Windows environment.
, Choose "Load Setup Defaults", then “Save & Exit Setup”. Done!
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OOvveerrcclloocckkiinngg
As a leading manufacturer in motherboard industry, AOpen always listens to what customers want and develop products to fit
different user's requirements. Reliability, compatibility, leading technology and friendly features are our basic goals when designing
motherboards. Other than above mentioned design criteria, there are power users who are always seeking to push the limitation of
the system performance by overclocking who we call them "Overclocker".
This section is dedicated to overclockers.
This high performance motherboard is designed for maximum 133MHz CPU bus clock. But it comes with clock generator of
248MHz when we design it to accommodate future CPU bus clock. Our lab test results shown that 150MHz is achievable when
proper setting and qualified components were presented, we feel quite comfortable overclocking to 150MHz. Not only that, this
motherboard has full-range (CPU core voltage) settings and an option to adjust CPU core voltage. The CPU clock ratio can be up
to 12.5x that supports almost all of Athlon / Duron CPUs in the future and provides flexibility for overclockers. For your reference,
the following configurations are what we feel comfortable at 150MHz bus clock.
But not guaranty. ☺
Tip: Note that overclocking may also
cause thermal problem. Please make
sure that the cooling fan and the
heatsink were adequate to dissipate
excessive heat that's generated by
overclocking the CPU.
Warning: The design of this product follows CPU and chipset vendor's
design guideline. Any attempts to push beyond product specification are
not recommended and you are taking your own risk to damage your
system or important data. Before doing overclocking, you must make sure
your components are able to tolerate such abnormal setting, especially
CPU, SDRAM, hard disks, and AGP VGA cards.
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VVGGAA CCaarrdd && HHaarrdd DDiisskk
VGA and HDD is key components for overclocking, for your reference, the following list are what have been successful overclocked
in our lab. Please note that AOpen can not guaranty they can be successful overclocked again. Please check the Available
Vendor List (AVL) by link to our official website.
VGA: http://www.aopen.com.tw/tech/report/overclk/mb/vga-oc.htm
HDD: http://www.aopen.com.tw/tech/report/overclk/mb/hdd-oc.htm
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GGlloossssaarryy
AACC9977
Basically, AC97 specification separates sound/modem circuit to two parts, digital processor and a CODEC for analogy I/O they are
linked by AC97 link bus. Since digital processor can be put into motherboard main chipset, the cost of sound/modem onboard
solution can be reduced.
AACCPPII ((AAddvvaanncceedd CCoonnffiigguurraattiioonn && PPoowweerr IInntteerrffaaccee))
ACPI is the power management specification of PC97 (1997). It intends to save more power by taking full control of power
management to operating system and bypass BIOS
operating system (such as Windows 98). This is a bit similar as the PnP
switch to control the power state transition.
AAGGPP ((AAcccceelleerraatteedd GGrraapphhiicc PPoorrtt))
AGP is a bus interface targeted for high-performance 3D graphic. AGP supports only memory read/write operation and
single-master single-slave one-to-one only. AGP uses both rising and falling edge of the 66MHz clock, for 2X AGP, the data transfer
rate is 66MHz x 4byte x 2 = 528MB/s. AGP is now moving to 4X mode, 66MHz x 4byte x 4 = 1056MB/s. AOpen is the first company
to support 4X AGP motherboards by both AX6C (Intel 820) and MX64/AX64 (VIA 694x), started from Oct 1999.
. The chipset or super I/O chip needs to provide standard register interface to
register interface. ACPI defines ATX momentary soft power
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AAMMRR ((AAuuddiioo//MMooddeemm RRiisseerr))
The CODEC circuit of AC97 sound/modem solution can be put on motherboard or put on a riser card (AMR card) that connects to
motherboard through AMR connector.
AAOOppeenn BBoonnuuss PPaacckk CCDD
A disc bundled with AOpen motherboard product, there are motherboard drivers, Acrobat Reader for PDF online manual and other
useful utilities.
AAPPMM ((AAddvvaanncceedd PPoowweerr MMaannaaggeemmeenntt))
Unlike ACPI, BIOS controls most APM power management functions. AOpen Suspend to Hard Drive is a good example of APM
power management.
AATTAA ((AATT AAttttaacchhmmeenntt))
ATA is the specification of diskette interface. In 80’s, many software and hardware manufacturers instituted the ATA specification
together. The AT is meaning International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) personal computer/AT’s bus structure.
AATTAA//6666
ATA/66 uses both rising edge and falling edge but doubles UDMA/33 transfer rate. The data transfer rate is 4 times of the PIO
mode 4 or DMA mode 2, 16.6MB/s x4 = 66MB/s. To use ATA/66, you need special ATA/66 IDE cable.
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AATTAA//110000
ATA/100 is a new IDE specification under developing. ATA/100 uses both rising edge and falling edge as ATA/ 66 but clock cycle
time is reduced to 40ns. The data transfer rate is (1/40ns) x 2 bytes x 2 = 100MB/s. To use ATA/100, you need special 80-wire IDE
cable, the same as ATA/66.
BBIIOOSS ((BBaassiicc IInnppuutt//OOuuttppuutt SSyysstteemm))
BIOS is a set of assembly routine/program that reside in EPROM or Flash ROM. BIOS controls Input/output devices and other
hardware devices of motherboard. In general, to provide hardware independent portability, operation system and drivers is required
to access BIOS without directly access hardware devices.
BBuuss MMaasstteerr IIDDEE ((DDMMAA mmooddee))
The traditional PIO (Programmable I/O) IDE requires the CPU to involve in all the activities of the IDE access including waiting for
the mechanical events. To reduce the workload of the CPU, the bus master IDE device transfers data from/to memory without
interrupting CPU, and releases CPU to operate concurrently while data is transferring between memory and IDE device. You need
the bus master IDE driver and the bus master IDE HDD to support bus master IDE mode.
CCNNRR ((CCoommmmuunniiccaattiioonn aanndd NNeettwwoorrkkiinngg RRiisseerr))
The CNR specification provides the PC industry the opportunity to deliver a flexible and cost reduced method of implementing LAN,
home networking, DSL, USB, wireless, audio and modem subsystems widely used in today's "connected PCs". The CNR
specification is an open industry specification and is supported by OEMs, IHV card manufacturers, silicon supplier and Microsoft.
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CCOODDEECC ((CCooddiinngg aanndd DDeeccooddiinngg))
Normally, CODEC means a circuit that can do digital to analog conversion and also the analog to digital conversion. It is part of
sound/modem solution.
AC97
DDDDRR ((DDoouubbllee DDaattaa RRaattee)) SSDDRRAAMM
DDR SDRAM utilizes the existing SDRAM infrastructure and technology while doubling the nominal bandwidth available to systems
in an easy to design and simple to adopt way. Initially a perfect solution for memory intensive server and workstation applications,
DDR low cost and low voltage will ultimately make it an ideal solution for all segments of the PC market, high performance desktop
and mobile PCs, Value PCs and even Internet Appliances and mobile devices.
DDIIMMMM ((DDuuaall IInn LLiinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
DIMM socket has total 168-pin and supports 64-bit data. It can be single or double side, the golden finger signals on each side of
PCB are different, and that is why it was called Dual In Line. Almost all DIMMs are made by SDRAM
that some old DIMMs are made by FPM/EDO
2.5V..
DDMMAA ((DDiirreecctt MMeemmoorryy AAcccceessss))
Channel for communications between the memory and surrounding devices.
, which operate at 3.3V. Note
and only operate at 5V. Do not confuse them with SDRAM DIMM which operates at
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
EECCCC ((EErrrroorr CChheecckkiinngg aanndd CCoorrrreeccttiioonn))
The ECC mode needs 8 ECC bits for 64-bit data. Each time memory is accessed; ECC bits are updated and checked by a special
algorithm. The ECC algorithm has the ability to detect double-bit error and automatically correct single-bit error while parity mode
can only detect single-bit error.
EEDDOO ((EExxtteennddeedd DDaattaa OOuuttppuutt)) MMeemmoorryy
The EDO DRAM technology is actually very similar to FPM (Fast Page Mode). Unlike traditional FPM that tri-states the memory
output data to start the pre-charge activity, EDO DRAM holds the memory data valid until the next memory access cycle, that is
similar to pipeline effect and reduces one clock state.
EEEEPPRROOMM ((EElleeccttrroonniicc EErraassaabbllee PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee RROOMM))
Also known as E2PROM. Both EEPROM and Flash ROM can be re-programmed by electronic signals, but the interface technology
is different. Size of EEPROM is much smaller than flash ROM.
EEPPRROOMM ((EErraassaabbllee PPrrooggrraammmmaabbllee RROOMM))
Traditional motherboard stores BIOS code in EPROM. EPROM can only be erased by ultra-violet (UV) light. If BIOS has to be
upgraded, you need to remove EPROM from motherboard, clear by UV light, re-program, and then insert back.
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EEVV66 BBuuss
EV6 Bus is the technology of Alpha processor from Digital Equipment Corporation. EV6 bus uses both rising and falling clock edge
to transfer data, similar as DDR SDRAM or ATA/66 IDE bus.
EV6 Bus Speed = CPU external bus clock x 2.
For example, 200 MHz EV6 bus is actually using 100 MHz external bus clock, but the equivalent speed is 200 MHz.
FFCCCC DDooCC ((DDeeccllaarraattiioonn ooff CCoonnffoorrmmiittyy))
The DoC is component certification standard of FCC EMI regulations. This standard allows DIY component (such as motherboard)
to apply DoC label separately without a shielding of housing.
FFCC--PPGGAA ((FFlliipp CChhiipp--PPiinn GGrriidd AArrrraayy))
FC means Flip Chip, FC-PGA is a new package of Intel for Pentium III CPU. It can plug into SKT370 socket, but require
motherboard to add some signals on socket 370. That is, the motherboard needs to be redesigned. Intel is going to ship FC-PGA
370 CPU and phase out slot1 CPU.
FFllaasshh RROOMM
Flash ROM can be re-programmed by electronic signals. It is easier for BIOS to upgrade by a flash utility, but it is also easier to be
infected by virus. Because of increase of new functions, BIOS size is increased from 64KB to 256KB (2M bit). AOpen AX5T is the
first board to implement 256KB (2Mbit) Flash ROM. Now flash ROM size is moving to 4M bit on AX6C (Intel 820) and MX3W (Intel
810) motherboard. , AOpen motherboard uses EEPROM for jumper-less and battery-less design.
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
FFSSBB ((FFrroonntt SSiiddee BBuuss)) CClloocckk
FSB Clock means CPU external bus clock.
CPU internal clock = CPU FSB Clock x CPU Clock Ratio
2
2
I
I
CC BBuuss
See SMBus.
IIEEEEEE 11339944
IEEE 1394 is a low-cost digital interface originated by Apple Computer as a desktop LAN and developed by the IEEE 1394 working
group. The IEEE 1394 can transport data at 100, 200 or 400 Mbps. One of the solutions to connect digital television devices
together at 200 Mbps. Serial Bus Management provides overall configuration control of the serial bus in the form of optimizing
arbitration timing, guarantee of adequate electrical power for all devices on the bus, assignment of isochronous channel ID, and
notification of errors. There are two type of IEEE 1394 data transfer: asynchronous and isochronous. Asynchronous transport is the
traditional computer memory-mapped, load and store interface. Data requests are sent to a specific address and an
acknowledgment is returned. In addition to an architecture that scales with silicon technology, IEEE 1394 features a unique
isochronous data channel interface. Isochronous data channels provide guaranteed data transport at a pre-determined rate. This is
especially important for time-critical multimedia data where just-in-time delivery eliminates the need for costly buffering.
PPaarriittyy BBiitt
The parity mode uses 1 parity bit for each byte, normally it is even parity mode, that is, each time the memory data is updated,
parity bit will be adjusted to have even count "1" for each byte. When next time, if memory is read with odd number of "1", the parity
error is occurred and this is called single bit error detection.
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PPBBSSRRAAMM ((PPiippeelliinneedd BBuurrsstt SSRRAAMM))
For Socket 7 CPU, one burst data read requires four QWord (Quad-word, 4x16 = 64 bits). PBSRAM only needs one address
decoding time and automatically sends the remaining QWords to CPU according to a predefined sequence. Normally, it is 3-1-1-1,
total 6 clocks, which is faster than asynchronous SRAM. PBSRAM is often used on L2 (level 2) cache of Socket 7 CPU. Slot 1 and
Socket 370 CPU do not need PBSRAM.
PPCC--110000 DDIIMMMM
SDRAM DIMM that supports 100MHz CPU FSB bus clock.
PPCC--113333 DDIIMMMM
SDRAM DIMM that supports 133MHz CPU FSB bus clock.
PPCC--11660000 oorr PPCC--22110000 DDDDRR SSDDRRAAMM
Based on FSB frequency, the DDR SDRAM has 200MHz and 266MHz two type of working frequency. Because of DDR SDRAM
data bus is 64-bit, it provides data transfer bandwidth up to 200x64/8=1600MB/s, and 266x64/8=2100MB/s. Hence, the PC-1600
DDR SDRAM is working with 100MHz and PC-2100 DDR SDRAM is working with 133MHz FSB frequency.
PPCCII ((PPeerriipphheerraall CCoommppoonneenntt IInntteerrffaaccee)) BBuuss
Bus for the internal connection of peripheral devices, high-speed data channel between the computer and expansion card.
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PPDDFF FFoorrmmaatt
A file format for electronic document, PDF format is independent from platform, you can read PDF file under Windows, Unix, Linux,
Mac … with different PDF reader. You can also read PDF file by web browser such as IE and Netscape, note that you need to
install PDF plug-in first (Included in Acrobat Reader).
PPnnPP ((PPlluugg aanndd PPllaayy))
The PnP specification suggests a standard register interface for both BIOS and operating system (such as Windows 95). These
registers are used by BIOS and operating system to configure system resource and prevent any conflicts. PnP BIOS or operating
system will automatically allocate the IRQ/DMA/Memory. Currently, almost all the PCI cards and most ISA cards are already PnP
compliant.
PPOOSSTT ((PPoowweerr--OOnn SSeellff TTeesstt))
The BIOS self-test procedure after power-on, sometimes, it is the first or the second screen shown on your monitor during system
boot.
RRDDRRAAMM ((RRaammbbuuss DDRRAAMM))
Rambus is a memory technology that uses large burst mode data transfer. Theoretically, the data transfer should be high than
SDRAM
and this channel may have maximum 32 RDRAM devices, no matter how many RIMM
. RDRAM is cascaded in channel operation. For Intel 820, only one RDRAM channel is supported, 16-bit data per channel,
sockets.
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RRIIMMMM ((RRaammbbuuss IInnlliinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
184-pin memory module that supports RDRAM memory technology. A RIMM memory module may contain up to maximum of 16
RDRAM devices.
SSDDRRAAMM ((SSyynncchhrroonnoouuss DDRRAAMM))
SDRAM is one of the DRAM technologies that allow DRAM to use the same clock as the CPU host bus (EDO and FPM are
asynchronous and do not have clock signal). It is similar as PBSRAM
DIMM
and operates at 3.3V. AOpen is the first company to support dual-SDRAM DIMMs onboard (AP5V), from Q1 1996
2
2
SShhaaddooww E
A memory space in Flash-ROM to simulate E2PROM operation, AOpen motherboard uses Shadow E2PROM for jumper-less and
battery-less design
E
PPRROOMM
SSIIMMMM ((SSiinnggllee IInn LLiinnee MMeemmoorryy MMoodduullee))
SIMM socket is only 72-pin, and is only single side. The golden finger signals on each side of PCB are identical. That is why it was
called Single In Line. SIMM is made by FPM or EDO
motherboard design.
to use burst mode transfer. SDRAM comes in 64-bit 168-pin
DRAM and supports 32-bit data. SIMM had been phased out on current
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AAKK7777 PPlluuss // AAKK7777 PPrroo OOnnlliinnee MMaannuuaall
SSMMBBuuss ((SSyysstteemm MMaannaaggeemmeenntt BBuuss))
SMBus is also called I2C bus. It is a two-wire bus developed for component communication (especially for semiconductor IC). For
example, set clock of clock generator for jumper-less motherboard. The data transfer rate of SMBus is only 100Kbit/s, it allows one
host to communicate with CPU and many masters and slaves to send/receive message.
SSPPDD ((SSeerriiaall PPrreesseennccee DDeetteecctt))
SPD is a small ROM or EEPROM device resided on the DIMM or RIMM. SPD stores memory module information such as DRAM
timing and chip parameters. SPD can be used by BIOS
UUllttrraa DDMMAA
Ultra DMA (or, more accurately, Ultra DMA/33) is a protocol for transferring data between a hard disk drive through the computer’s
data path (or bus) to the computer’s random access memory (RAM). The Ultra DMA/33 protocol transfers data in burst mode at a
rate of 33.3MB/s, twice as fast as the previous Direct Access Memory (DMA)
industry standard by the Quantum corporation, makes of hard disk drives, and Intel, makes of chipset that support computer bus
technology. Ultra DMA support in your computer means that it will boot (start) and open new applications more quickly. It will help
users of graphic-intensive and applications that require large amounts of access to data on the hard disk drive. Ultra DMA uses
Cyclical Redundancy Checking (CRC), offering a new level of data protection. Ultra DMA uses the same 40-pin IDE interface cable
as PIO and DMA.
16.6MB/s x2 = 33MB/s
16.6MB/s x4 = 66MB/s
16.6MB/s x6 = 100MB/s
to decide best timing for this DIMM or RIMM.
interface. Ultra DMA was developed as a proposed
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