Dual Controllers - Step Down Synchronous PWM and Linear Controller
Features
••
Provides Two Regulated Voltages
•
••
- One Synchronous DC/DC Buck Controller
- One Linear Controller
••
0.8V Internal Reference Voltage
•
••
- Both Controllers: 0.8V ± 2% Line, Load
and Temp.
••
Output Voltage Range
•
••
- PWM Controller : 0.8V to V
- Linear Controller : 0.8V to (12VCC-V
••
• Full Duty Cycle Range for PWM Controller
••
IN
)
GSpass
- 0% to 100%
••
• Internal Loop Compensation for PWM Controller
••
••
• Internal 2ms Soft Start and Short Circuit Protec
••
tion for both Controllers
••
• Both Controllers Drive N-Channel MOSFETs
••
••
• Small Converter Size
••
- 600kHz Constant Switching Frequency
- Simple SO-14 Package
••
• Shutdown Control
••
Applications
••
• Motherboard
••
••
• Graphics Cards
••
General Description
The APW7060 integrates a synchronous buck PWM
controller and a linear controller to provide two regulated voltages in a single package. The PWM controller drives external N-channel MOSFETs and operates
at a fixed 600kHz frequency. When the input supply
drops close to the output, the upper MOSFET remains
on, achieving 100% duty cycle. Internal loop compensation is optimized for fast transient response, eliminating external compensation network. The linear controller drives an external N-channel MOSFET to form a
linear regulator. The internal 0.8V reference makes this
part suitable for a wide variety of low voltage
applications.
The APW7060 has an undervoltage lockout circuitry
to ensures that both the 5VCC and 12VCC must be
present before its internal circuitry is power up. Soft
start is internally set to 2ms and will bring both outputs into regulation in a controlled manner. When either output goes into short, soft start will be initiated.
If the short condition still remains after three cycles,
both regulators will be shut down. To restart both
regulators, recycle the voltage at 5VCC or 12VCC pin
or momentarily pull the FB2 pin above 1.28V.
The APW7060 can be shutdown by pulling the FB2
pin above 1.28V. In shutdown, all gate drive signals
will be low. This dual controller is available in SO-14
package.
Pinouts
FB2
NC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
••
• 12V , 5V and 3.3V Inputs DC-DC Converter
••
••
• DSP Supplies
••
••
• Embedded processor and I/O supplies
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ANPEC reserves the right to make changes to improve reliability or manufacturability without notice, and advise
customers to obtain the latest version of relevant information to verify before placing orders.
This pin provides the gate drive signal for the low side
MOSFET .
GND (Pin 2, 3)
Signal and power ground for the IC. All voltage levels
are measured with respect to this pin. Tie this pin to
the ground plane through the lowest impedance connection available.
5VCC (Pin 4)
This is the main bias supply for the DC/DC controller
and its low side MOSFET driver. Must be closely
decoupled to GND (Pin 2,3). The voltage at this pin is
monitored for undervoltage lockout (UVLO) purposes.
DO NOT apply a voltage greater than 5.5V to this pin.
DRIVE2 (Pin 5)
This pin provides the gate drive voltage for the linear
regulator N-channel MOSFET pass transistor. It also
provides a means of compensating the linear controller for applications where the user needs to optimize
the regulator transient response.
NC (Pin 7, 8, 10, 11, 12)
No internal connection.
FB (Pin 9)
This pin is the inverting input of the internal error amplifier of the buck controller. Connect this pin to the
output (VOUT1) of the DC/DC converter via a proper sized
resistor divider to form a complete feedback loop. The
VOUT1 is determined using the following formula :
VOUT1=0.8V x (1+ )
where R1 is the resistor connected from VOUT1 to FB,
and R2 is the resistor connected from FB to GND.
This pin is also monitored for under-voltage events.
12VCC (Pin 13)
This pin provides the supply voltage to the high side
MOSFET driver and the linear controller. A voltage no
greater than 13V can be connected to this pin. The
voltage at this pin is monitored for undervoltage lockout (UVLO) purposes.
UGATE (Pin 14)
R1
R2
FB2 (Pin 6)
Connect this pin to the output (VOUT2) of the linear
regulator via a proper sized resistor divider. The voltage at this pin is regulated to 0.8V and the VOUT2 is
determined using the following formula :
VOUT2=0.8V x (1+ )
where R7 is the resistor connected from VOUT2 to FB2,
and R8 is the resistor connected from FB2 to GND.
This pin is also monitored for under-voltage events.
Pulling and holding FB2 above 1.28V shuts down both
regulators. Releasing FB2 initiates soft-start on both
regulators.
Ch1 : VUGATE, 2V/Div, DC
Ch2 : VLGATE, 2V/Div , DC
Time : 50nS/Div
BW = 500MHz
www.anpec.com.tw9
APW7060
Application Information
Soft Start
Soft start can be initiated in several ways. One way is
when the input bias supply to the 5VCC and 12VCC
is above 4.2V and 10.2V respectively. The other way
is when the part comes out of shutdown. In both ways,
the soft start cycle will last for 2ms. During this period,
the reference to the error amplifier of the PWM controller and linear controller will gradually slew up to its
final value of 0.8V. This effectively will force both output voltages to track this reference ramp rate. Hence
both outputs will reach regulation at the same time.
Figure 3 illustrates this graphically.
Soft-start at Powering ON
+12V
+5V
VOUT2
VOUT1
Ch1 : +5V, 1V/Div, DC
Ch2 : +12V, 2V/Div, DC
Ch3 : VOUT1, 1V/Div, DC
Ch4 : VOUT2, 1V/Div, DC
Time : 1mS/Div
BW = 20MHz
.ECKH/Figure 3.
Linear Regulator Transient Response Optimization
The linear regulator is stable over all load current.
However, the transient response can be further enhanced by connecting a RC network between the FB2
and DRIVE2 pin. Depending on the output capacitance
and load current of the application, the value of this
RC network is then varied. A good starting point for
the resistor value is 6.8kΩ and 470pF for the capacitor.
Maximum Output Voltage of Linear Controller
The maximum drive voltage at DRIVE2 is determined
by the applied voltage at 12VCC pin. Since this pin
drives an external N-channel pass MOSFET, therefore the maximum output voltage of the linear regulator is dependent upon the required gate-to-source voltage to sustain the load current.
V
OUT2MAX
= 12VCC - V
GSpass
Component Selection Guidelines
PWM Regulator Output Capacitor
The selection of C
is determined by the required
OUT
effective series resistance (ESR) and voltage rating
rather than the actual capacitance requirement. Therefore select high performance low ESR capacitors that
are intended for switching regulator applications. In
some applications, multiple capacitors have to be
paralled to achieve the desired ESR value. If tantalum
capacitors are used, make sure they are surge tested
by the manufactures. If in doubt, consult the capacitors manufacturer.
Input Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor is chosen based on the voltage
rating and the RMS current rating. For reliable
operation, select the capacitor voltage rating to be at
least 1.3 times higher than the maximum input voltage.
The maximum RMS current rating requirement is approximately I
/2 , where I
OUT
is the load current.
OUT
During power up, the input capacitors have to handle
large amount of surge current. If tantalum capacitors
are used, make sure they are surge tested by the
manufactures. If in doubt, consult the capacitors
manufacturer.
For high frequency decoupling, a ceramic capacitor
between 0.1uF to 1uF can be connected between
5VCC and ground pin.
The inductance of the inductor is determined by the
output voltage requirement. The larger the inductance,
the lower the inductor’s current ripple. This will translate into lower output ripple voltage. The ripple current
and ripple voltage can be approximated by:
OUT
V
OUT-IN
VV
RIPPLE
×
V
L Fs
×
x ESR
IN
I
RIPPLE
∆V
OUT
=
= I
where Fs is the switching frequency of the regulator.
There is a tradeoff exists between the inductor’s ripple
current and the regulator load transient response time
A smaller inductor will give the regulator a faster load
transient response at the expense of higher ripple current and vice versa. The maximum ripple current occurs at the maximum input voltage. A good starting
point is to choose the ripple current to be approximately 30% of the maximum output current.
Once the inductance value has been chosen, select
an inductor that is capable of carrying the required
peak current without going into saturation. In some
type of inductors, especially core that is make of
ferrite, the ripple current will increase abruptly when it
saturates. This will result in a larger output ripple
voltage.
P
UPPER
P
LOWER
where I
2
= I
(1+ TC)(R
out
2
= I
(1+ TC)(R
out
is the load current
OUT
DS(ON)
DS(ON)
)D + (0.5)(I
)(1-D)
)(VIN)(tsw)F
out
TC is the temperature dependency of R
S
DS(ON)
FS is the switching frequency
t
is the switching interval
sw
D is the duty cycle
Note that both MOSFET s have conduction losses while
the upper MOSFET include an additional transition
loss.The switching internal, t
reverse transfer capacitance C
, is a function of the
sw
. Figure 4 illustrates
RSS
the switching waveform of the MOSFET.
The (1+TC) term is to factor in the temperature dependency of the R
“R
vs T emperature” curve of the power MOSFET.
DS(ON)
and can be extracted from the
DS(ON)
Linear Regulator Input/Output Capacitor Selection
The input capacitor is chosen based on its voltage
rating. Under load transient condition, the input capacitor will momentarily supply the required transient
current. A 1uF ceramic capacitor will be sufficient in
most applications.
The output capacitor for the linear regulator is chosen
to minimize any droop during load transient condition.
In addition, the capacitor is chosen based on its voltage rating.
PWM Regulator MOSFET Selection
The selection of the N-channel power MOSFETs are
determined by the R
(C
) and maximum output current requirement.The
RSS
, reverse transfer capacitance
DS(ON)
losses in the MOSFETs have two components: conduction loss and transition loss. For the upper and
lower MOSFET, the losses are approximately given
by the following :
In addition to choosing the pass MOSFET for its ability to sustain the load current requirement (see Maximum Output Voltage of Linear Controller), another criteria is its efficiency of heat removal. The power dissipated by the MOSFET is given by:
Pdiss = Iout * (VIN - V
OUT2
)
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APW7060
Application Information
where Iout is the maximum load current
V
is the nominal output voltage
out2
In some applications, heatsink maybe required to help
maintain the junction temperature of the MOSFET below its maximum rating.
V
DS
Voltage a cro ss
drain and source of MOSFET
t
sw
Figure 4. Switching waveform across MOSFET
Layout Considerations
In high power switching regulator, a correct layout is
important to ensure proper operation of the regulator.
In general, interconnecting impedances should be minimized by using short, wide printed circuit traces. Signal and power grounds are to be kept separate and
finally combined using ground plane construction or
single point grounding. Figure 5 illustrates the layout,
with bold lines indicating high current paths. Components along the bold lines should be placed close
together. Below is a checklist for your layout:
• •
• Keep the switching nodes (UGATE, LGATE and
• •
the PHASE) away from sensitive small signal nodes
since these nodes are fast moving signals. There
fore keep traces to these nodes as short as
possible.
••
• Decoupling capacitor C
••
tance and needs to be placed close to the drain of
Q1.