Andrew Wireless Innovations Group TFAM1719 Users Manual

5. Rack-based Master Unit

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5.1. TPRNx4 subrack

TPRN

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Module name:

Major TPRN features

The TPRNx4 is a 19”subrack where all the Britecell Plus plug-in modules can be inserted. Britecell Plus equipment provides a wide variety of these sub-rack models differentiated by power supply. Each one is provided with:

• 12 free slots, each with Height=4HE, Width=7TE

• Power supply 220 Vac or -48 Vdc

• Locally or remotely connectable through:

¾ RS232 serial port ¾ RS485 two-wire bus ¾ sub-D 15 pin male-connector

• Internal microcontroller for I2CBUS alarm collection

• Manual reset button, able to re-initialize both the inserted modules and the

TPRN microcontroller

• Manual stand-by button, able to re-initialize the inserted modules, while keeping the TPRN microcontroller working.

Fig. 5.1: Front view of the TPRN sub-rack with power supply and communication ports on the back

Fig. 5.2: Back view of the TPRN subrack with power supply and communication ports on the back

RS232

port

Subrack

TPRNx4

RS485

ports

sub D 15

connector

buttons

Power supply (picture shows 220Vac version)

TPRN

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TPRN models

A brief description of all the available TPRN sub-racks is reported hereinafter.

Passive sub-rack (TPRN04)

• TPRN04 is a passive sub-rack. It does not provide power supply to any inserted module, and therefore it is designed to host passive modules only. It can be useful in a multi-sub-rack system, in case the customer decides to put all the active modules in an active sub-rack, to be chosen among the following ones.

220 Vac powered sub-racks (TPRN14 / TPRN24)

• TPRN14 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through 220 Vac universal mains. Both the connector for 220Vac power supply and the communication ports are placed on the sub-rack rear. The 220 Vac power supply is not redundant (ie, no spare adapter is provided).

• TPRN24 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through 220 Vac universal mains. Both the connector for 220Vac power and the communication ports are placed on the sub-rack rear, and the 220 Vac power supply is redundant: i.e., a spare adapter guarantees the correct system operations even in case the main 220Vac adapter has a breakdown.

TPRN

-48Vdc powered sub-rack (TPRN34)

• TPRN34 is an active sub-rack designed to be fed through –48 Vdc negative supply. Both the connector for -48Vdc power supply and the communication ports are placed on the sub-rack rear.

TPRN power supply

All the TPRN models refer to one of the following power supplies.

Universal mains

(85 to 264Vac, 50/60Hz).

This connector is mounted on the TPRN back panel either for the redundant version or the simple one. A ground terminal and a couple of fuses are also included. Fuses have to be replaced in case they fail (when it happens the supervision system detects the failure).

Fig. 5.3: 85 to 264Vac connector

uses

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-48 Vdc

)

(-72 to -36 Vdc)

This connector is mounted on TPRN back panel. A fuse is provided underneath the –48 Vdc connector, and has to be replaced in case it fails (when it happens the supervision system detects the failure).

black terminal: 0V blue terminal:-72 to -36Vdc

Fig. 5.4: -72÷-36Vdc connector

Whatever power supply is chosen (85 to 264 Vac or -72 to 36 Vdc) an additional external ground terminal is provided on the TPRN rear (fig. 5.5).

Fig. 5.5: ground terminal on the rear

The external power supply (220Vac or -48Vdc) is converted into a +12Vdc voltage allowing feeding the active modules inserted into the TPRN.

TPRN ports

The TPRN sub-rack is provided with a set of I/0 ports which allows the connection to any external device.

RS232 serial port

The RS232 serial port can be used to connect the TPRN sub-rack to the remote supervision unit or to a laptop running LMT software. Please note that a standard RS232 cable is needed.

The connection baud rate can be set to 9600bps or 19200bps, by properly setting the dip-switch 5 standing on the interior TPRN backplane (fig. 5.6). The baud rate setting through dip-switch 5 is shown in table 5.1.

Baud-rate dip-switch (5)

RS485-addressing dip-switches (1-4

Fig. 5.6: Dip-switches on TPRN backplane.

TPRN

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TPRN

Baud rate [bps] Dip-switch 5

9600 OFF

19200 ON

Table 5.1: Setting RS232 baud

rate throu

h di

switch 5

Whichever baud rate you choose through dip-switch 5, remember that:

• the same RS232 connection speed must be set up on the remote supervision unit

• the baud rate which is selected through the dip-switch 5 sets the connection speed for both the RS232 port and the RS485 port as the TPRN uses both ports with the same rate.

RS485 port

The RS485 port consists of two RJ45 connectors, which can both work as input or output ports towards a RS485 bus.

This RS485 bus has to be used in order to connect a multi sub-rack system to the remote supervision unit. In this case:

• the TPRN sub-racks have to be connected one another via RS485 bus

in a daisy chain;

• In order to monitor the whole system, the remote supervision unit has

to be connected to one of the TPRN sub-racks through RS232 port.

Before connecting the TPRN sub-racks belonging to a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign an exclusive binary address to each one. This is essential in order to let the supervision system recognize the different master units without any conflict.

The binary address assignment can be done through dip-switches 1,2,3,4, which stand on interior TPRN backplane (see figure 5.6). A list of the correspondences between the addresses and the dip-switches is provided by table 5.2: simply note that dip-switch 1 is the least significant binary digit, while dip-switch 4 is the most significant one.

Address Dip-switch 1 Dip-switch 2 Dip-switch 3 Dip-switch 4

0001 ON OFF OFF OFF 0010 OFF ON OFF OFF 0011 ON ON OFF OFF 0100 OFF OFF ON OFF 0101 ON OFF ON OFF 0110 OFF ON ON OFF 0111 ON ON ON OFF 1000 OFF OFF OFF ON 1001 ON OFF OFF ON 1010 OFF ON OFF ON 1011 ON ON OFF ON 1100 OFF OFF ON ON 1101 ON OFF ON ON 1110 OFF ON ON ON

Table 5.2: Dip-switches address settings

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The baud rate of the RS485 ports is the same of the RS232 port as per the dip-switch 5 setting.

Whichever baud rate you choose, remember that:

• the same RS485 connection speed has to be set up on all the connected device (TPRN sub-racks or TSUN remote supervision unit);

• the baud-rate which is selected through the dip-switch 5 sets the connection speed for both the RS485 port and the RS232 port.

Sub-D 15 poles male connector

The TPRN sub-rack provides a sub-D 15 poles male connector, shown in fig.

5.7.

PIN 1

PIN 8

Fig. 5.7: sub-D 15 poles

male connector

PIN Name Meaning

Ground It is a ground terminal for digital inputs, i.e. for pin 2, 3, 9, 10.

Digital input n.1

(SW assignable)

Digital input n.2

(SW assignable)

Disconnected pin No meaning

Summary of

5,6

major alarms

Summary of

7,8

minor alarms

Digital input n.3

(SW assignable)

Digital input n.4

(SW assignable)

Disconnected pin No meaning

Digital output n.1

12,13

(SW assignable)

Digital output n.2

14,15

(SW assignable)

Tab. 5.3: Functional description of pins provided by sub D male connector.

This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through supervision system) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.

These pins present an open circuit if a major alarm is active on the TPRN subrack or on any module hosted in it.

These pins present an open circuit if a minor alarm is active on the TPRN subrack or on any module hosted in it. This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through supervision system) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal. This port can be used to monitor external equipment status. Once a default working status has been assigned (through supervision system) to this input port, any change is detected as a failure signal.

These pins are terminals of an output port (output relay 1), which can be driven through the supervision system. The output port can be set to “open” or “close” condition. These 2 statuses can be used to pilot any external device connected to subD-15 connector. These pins are terminals of an output port (output relay 2), which can be driven through the supervision system. The output port can be set to “open” or “close” condition. These 2 statuses can be used to pilot any external device connected to subD-15 connector.

TPRN

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As highlighted in the previous table, this connector provides:

• 4 opto-isolated input ports which can be used to reveal any failure condition on external equipment. The default status of these input ports can be defined through the supervision system. After that, any change from default status will be revealed as a failure signal.

• a summary of major and minor alarms related to failures detected not only on the TPRN sub-rack, but also on any active modules hosted by the TPRN itself.

TPRN

• 2 relay output ports, which be can used to drive any external device connected to subD-15 pins adapter. By using the supervision system each of these output ports can set up on “open” or “close” conditions.

A more detailed description of the meaning and functionality of each pin are reported in table 8. The pins are numbered from left to right, and from top to bottom (refer to fig. 18).

: The TPRN sub-rack uses I2Cbus standard protocol to collect status and

Note alarm information from hosted modules. Thanks to that, the alarm summaries (provided through pins 5-6 and 7-8) report major and minor failures related not only to TPRN sub-rack but also to any hosted module.

TPRN alarms

A full description of all TPRN alarms is provided by the Supervision system.

The table 4.8 provides a brief description of the TPRN alarms, as they are reported by the LMT software o

ALARM

CODE

(TSUN

description)

Redundant supply active (only for redundant power supply versions)

Power Supply alarm

I2CBUS bus error

Temperature alarm

Aux input alarm nr0

Aux input alarm nr1

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

Backup power supply activated

There is a degradation on the power supply provided to the boards

Internal I2CBUS communication malfunction

Over-temperature alarm The device connected to the input alarm port 0 caused an alarm condition The device connected to the input alarm port 1 caused an alarm

ACTIVE

LED

YELLOW MAJOR Return the unit MINOR

RED MAJOR Return the unit MAJOR

YELLOW CRITICAL

YELLOW MINOR

RED CRITICAL

RED MAJOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check if the fault is on the unit (see supervision system). If not return the unit Check ventilation and environment

Check the status of the connected device

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MINOR

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condition

Aux input alarm nr2

Aux input alarm nr3

The device connected to the input alarm port 2 caused an alarm condition The device connected to the input alarm port 3 caused an alarm condition

RED MINOR

RED WARNING

Check the status of the connected device

Tab. 5.4: Description of the alarms of the TPRN subrack

Warning (recommended for system designing and installing)

Providing a correct heat dissipation

For a correct use of the TPRN sub-rack, it is important to verify that:

• the system is designed in order to put no more than 8 TFLN inside a TPRN sub-rack. This guarantees a proper heating dissipation for the system. In case you want to install more than 8 it is important to provide the sub-rack with a proper ventilation system;

• active and passive modules should be alternated as much as possible inside the TPRN sub-rack avoiding too many active cards being inserted close together;

• in case the system consists of more than one TPRN sub-rack, a minimum distance of 1 HE has to be kept between nearby TPRN subracks to ensure proper heat dissipation. The rack containing the TPRN sub-racks has to be large enough to guarantee this correct distance between master units.

Minimizing equipment costs

In order to reduce the cost of Britecell Plus equipment, a multi-sub-rack system should be designed according to the following guidelines:

• a passive sub-rack (TPRN04) may be used to house only passive modules;

• an active sub-rack (TPRN14, TPRN24, TPRN34) may be used to sustain all the active modules, and some of the passive ones (as stated above, it is advisable to alternate active and passive cards into an active subrack).

TPRN

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Setting the dip-switches in a multi sub-rack system

If you are installing a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign each subrack an exclusive binary address, by properly setting dip-switches 1,2,3,4 on the interior TPRN backplane (see fig. 5.6 and Tab.5.2). Dip-switch 5 has to be set on each TPRN sub-rack in order to fix the baud rate for RS485 and RS232 port. Connecting TPRNs through RS485 port is necessary when supervising the whole multi sub-rack system through the remote supervision unit (to be set at the same baud rate).

TPRN Installation

The TPRN kit provides:

• 1 TPRN sub-rack

TPRN

• 1 suitable power cord

• 1 standard RS232 cable (male-female), 2m

• 1 CD Manual

First of all insert the sub-rack into the cabinet and apply 4 screws (not provided) in order to fix it (fig. 5.8a). To have a correct TPRN installation, distance between the front door of the rack and the front side of the TPRN should be at least 15cm otherwise RF and optical cables can be damaged when cabinet door is closed.

Fig. 5.8(a): At each front-corner

the subrack is provided with a

screw in order to be fixed to the

Leave at least 1HE distance between two subracks in order to facilitate air circulation. Leave at least a 1HE free space between the bottom or the top of the cabinet and the TPRNs.

1HE

Fig. 5.8(b): Distance between subracks should be at least 1HE in

Connect the ground to the safety ground terminal. Then, connect the power supply connector to the mains.

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Power supply

Ground

terminal

Fig. 5.8(c) : Power supply and

ground terminals on the rear

side of the TPRN subrack

TPRN Start-up

Before switching on the TPRN sub-rack, make sure that:

• all expected modules have been inserted

• the modules have been connected each other by RF jumpers, according

to what has been planned during system design

• every TFLN contained in the Master Unit has been connected to its TFAx remote units

• each TFAx remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

• the remote supervision unit (if present) has been connected/housed

to/into the Master Unit

• different sub-racks have been connected each other via bus RS485 and each of them have different addresses

• the rack housing the TPRN is large enough to leave a minimum distance of 1HE between contiguous TPRN sub-racks

Remember that TFAx remote units have to be switched on before relevant Master Unit.

Once the TPRN sub-rack has been switched on, the system behaviour can be summarized as per the following steps:

• About 10sec after the TPRN sub-rack has been switched on, all TFLN modules housed in the TPRN itself begin a “discovery” phase in order to identify and collect status of the connected TFAx remote units. While the discovery phase is working (max. 4min. depending on the system complexity) each TFLN general alarm (i.e., LED “┌┘”) blinks, whereas the other TFLN LEDs go on showing the detected status.

Do not connect/disconnect any cable or piece of equipment until all TFLN modules have finished the discovery phase. This may result in failing the identification of TFAx. Anyway during the discovery phase, the whole system still works correctly as discovery process aims to collect information about TFAx but without affecting basic system functionalities.

TPRN

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TPRN

Note: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

• O

nce the discovery has finished, the general alarm (i.e. the LED “┌┘”) on each TFLN panel stops blinking and switches OFF (provided that the TFLN master optical TRX is not affected by a general failure).

TPRN troubleshooting

In case a TPRN sub-rack shows any problem a more detailed status and alarm description could be provided through the remote supervision unit.

A complete overview of TPRN alarms is reported in the previous Table 5.4.

The power supply degradation occurs in case the +12Vdc power falls below an in factory set threshold level. In this case, TPRN automatically turns to standby mode so that no over-current gets through the circuitry of hosted modules, thus preserving the system integrity. Once power supply has been repaired, the TPRN needs to be rebooted. In case the TPRN sub-rack is equipped with a redundant power supply (TPRN24), a degradation of the +12 Vdc power results in an automatic switching from main to spare converter. In case also redundant power supply degrades the TPRN automatically turns to stand-by mode. Once the power supply has been repaired the TPRN needs to be rebooted.

Cbus alarm occurs when TPRN sub-rack cannot communicate with one or

I more hosted module. Each TPRN slot is able to automatically detect the presence of a module inside the slot. If the module is detected but TPRN is not able to communicate with it through I

Note

: at commissioning remember to mask the unused slots through LMT software (please refer to the relevant manual for more infor mation) to avoid not significant alarm being switched on.

In order to carry out a troubleshooting procedure, please check LMT or supervision system handbooks.

Cbus alarm is activated.

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5.2. Master Optical TRX, TFLN

TFLN

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Module name:

Main tasks carried out by the TFLN module

Downlink (DL):

¾ RF-to-optical conversion of

the input RF signal

¾ Optical splitting: input RF

signal is split onto 4 optical outputs

Uplink (UL):

¾ Optical-to-RF conversion of the 4 input optical signals ¾ Automatic Gain Control (AGC) of each converted signal to compensate

optical losses;

¾ RF combining of the 4 adjusted signals into a single RF output

Master Optical TRX

TFLN

UL RF Auxiliary

Output (SMB-m)

Status and Alarm LED

DL RF Auxiliary

Input (SMB-m)

UL RF Main

Output (SMA-f)

DL RF Main

Input (SMA-f)

TFLN

UL Optical Fibre

Adapters (SC-APC)

DL Optical Fibre

Adapters (SC-APC)

Fig. 5.9 . The TFLN Master Optical TRX

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RF ports

• 1 DL RF input port

• 1 auxiliary DL RF input port

• 1 UL RF output port

• 1 auxiliary UL RF output port

Note: nominal input levels required at RF ports is +10dBm (please refer to datasheet for further information), as well as RF outputs may require a power adjustment to fill within the BTS receiving range. In order to fulfil these requirements, external UL and DL attenuations may be

required (see TBSI module)

TFLN

Optical ports

• 4 DL optical output ports (SC/APC)

• 4 UL optical input ports (SC/APC)

TFLN visual alarms

The TFLN front panel is provided with 6 LEDs (see on the right), showing status and alarm information. LED meaning is reported on the rightward table. Further information about alarm status is delivered by Britecell Plus supervision system.

Note: In case the four TFLN optical output ports are not all connected to remote units, the unused ports must be properly masked at commissioning in order to avoid spurious alarms (please refer to LMT manual).

Fig. 5.10 :LED panel

on TFLN front side

Label LED colour Meaning

= Green

Red

┌┘

Red

Power supply status OK General TFLN failure, it can be:

- TFLN laser failure

- UL or DL amplifier failure

- TFLN short circuit Low UL optical power received from remote unit 1 (fault in optical link 1 or remote unit 1 failure) Low UL optical power received from remote unit 2 (fault in optical link 2 or remote unit 2 failure)

Low UL optical power received from remote unit 3 (fault in optical link 3 or remote unit 3 failure)

Low UL optical power received from remote unit 4 (fault in optical link 4 or remote unit 4 failure)

Tab. 5.4: Meanings of the LEDs on TFLN front-side

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TFLN power supply

Each TFLN master optical TRX is supplied by the sub-rack back-plane (12V). The power consumption of each TFLN master optical TRX is 12W.

Warnings (to be read before the TFLN installation)

Dealing with optical output ports

• The TFLN master optical TRX contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.

Handling optical connections

• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly that the optical fibre is not damaged. Optical fibres have to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.

• Typically, Britecell Plus equipment is provided with SC-APC optical connectors. Inserting any other connector will result in severe damages.

• Do not force or stretch the fibre pigtail with radius of curvature less than 5 cm. See fig. 19 for optimal fibre cabling.

• Remove adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not leave SC-APC adapters open, as they attract dust. Unused SC-APC adapters must always be covered with their caps.

• Do not touch the adapter tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case adapter tips need to be better cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol

Inserting or removing TFLN modules

• Do not remove or insert any TFLN module into TPRN sub-rack before having switched off main power supply.

• The TFLN modules must be handled with care, in order to avoid damage to electrostatic sensitive devices.

• When installing TFLN modules in the sub-rack, take care to alternate active and passive cards in order to ensure proper heat dissipation.

WRONG

Fig. 5.11: Fibre Optic bending

OPTIMAL

TFLN

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TFLN

• In a multi-sub-rack system, remember to assign to each sub-rack a proper

RS485 bus address before installing the modules (please refer to TPRN section for further details).

TFLN positioning

• In case no ventilation system is installed, do not insert more than 8 TFLN

modules into a sub-rack.

•

In case more than 8 TFLN modules have to be housed into a TPRN subrack, it’s advisable to install the TPRN sub-rack inside a rack with forced ventilation.

•

Take care to meet expected requirements on RF ports. An adjustable attenuator could be necessary when the power coming from the BTS exceeds the required levels to avoid damages in Britecell Plus circuitry or increase of spurious emissions.

TFLN installation

The TFLN master optical TRX is housed in a TPRN sub-rack and its dimensions are 19” width and 4HE height. A TFLN module can be accommodated in any of these 12 slots.

: In case a new TFLN module has

Note to be installed in a still working Master Unit, switch off the sub-rack before inserting the plug-in TFLN module

Firstly, gently insert the TFLN in one of the 12 available slots, and lock the 4 screws on the front corners.

Fig. 5.12: Screws to be fixed at the corners of the TFLN front side

Then connect the UL and DL RF cable to the TFLN UL and DL ports, respectively. Use a specific torque wrench to fix these RF cables to DL and UL ports.

Fig. 5.13: UL and DL RF cables are to be fixed by a torque wrench

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Remove the caps from TFLN optical ports and connect the SC-APC fibre optic cables to the ports. UL and DL cables coming from the same remote unit have to be connected to UL and DL ports marked by the same number on the TFLN front panel.

Fig. 5.14: Take off the caps and connect the fiber optics cables properly

As you switch on the system, carefully refer to the TFLN Start-Up section. Remember that remote units should be switched on before than the Master Unit in order to follow a correct Start-Up procedure.

TFLN start-up

Before the Master Unit is switched on, make sure that:

• all expected modules have been inserted into the Master Unit

• the modules have been connected each other by RF jumpers, according to

what planned in the system design

• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to relevant remote units

• each remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

• the remote supervision unit, if present, has been connected to the Master

Unit

• different Master Units are connected each other via bus RS485

After that, remember that only when all the remote units are already on, the Master Unit itself can be turned on. Once the Master Unit has been switched on, the TFLN behaviour at system start-up can be summarized as per the following steps:

1. When Master Unit is turns on all the six LEDs upon the TFLN front panel go on for a couple of seconds. After that, the green LED remains on (indicating proper power supply) while the other LEDs indicate the master optical TRX status, according to the following table.

: In case unused optical ports of the TFLN have not been masked

Note through LMT yet, corresponding LEDs will be on. If so, wait for the end of step 3 (discovery phase) then use LMT to mask them (please refer to relevant handbook)

2. About 10 seconds after the system has been switched on, TFLN module begins a “discovery” phase to identify connected remote units. This operation is necessary to collect all the information to be provided to the supervision system.

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TFLN

Label LED colour Status

= Green ON

(power supply is on)

┌┘

1 Red OFF

2 Red OFF

3 Red OFF

4 Red OFF

Red OFF

(no major failure affects TFLN operations)

(no major failure affects corresponding remote unit or UL connection)

Table 5.5: Status of the TFLN LEDs in full-working conditions

During the discovery phase the TFLN general alarm (LED

┌┘) blinks while the

other LEDs go on showing previously detected status. Time dedicated to discovery phase can be at maximum 4min and depends on system

complexity.

Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase. This may result in failing the identification of remote units. Please note that, while the discovery phase is running, the whole system is working correctly as discovery operations aim only to collect information about remote units without affecting the system functionalities.

: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or

Note the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

Once the discovery is finished, the TFLN general alarm (LED ┌┘) stops blinking and switches OFF. The power supply LED (green LED) remains on while LEDs 1,2,3,4 show either the status of the remote units or the quality of the UL connections. In case some of these LEDs remain on, check if they refer to unused optical ports or not. In this case use LMT software to mask it otherwise if they refer to connected remote units and remain on, please refer to troubleshooting procedure.

Removing a TFLN module

Switch off the Master Unit power supply, remove the SC-APC optical connectors, and insert the protection caps into TFLN optical ports. Then

• unscrew the 4 screws and slowly remove the card.

• put the removed TFLN card in its safety box.

• switch on again the Master Unit power supply, and refer to Start Up

section.

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TFLN troubleshooting

In case a TFLN master optical TRX has any problem, this will be easily revealed through LEDs on its front panels otherwise troubleshooting can be carried out through LMT or supervision system. LEDs on TFLN front panel detect not only failures of the TFLN board itself but they also reveals malfunctions located on related remote units.

ALARM CODE

(TSUN

description)

RX1 optical power fail

RX1 AGC out of range

RX2 optical power fail

RX2 AGC out of range

RX3 optical power fail

RX3 AGC out of range

RX4 optical power fail

RX4 AGC out of range

Major Remote Unit 1 Major Remote Unit 2 Major Remote Unit 3 Major Remote Unit 4

DL laser alarm

UL RF alarm

DL RF alarm

Board failure alarm Temperature alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

The optical power received on the UL1 is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated The optical power received on the UL2 is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated The optical power received on the UL3 is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated The optical power received on the UL4 is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated

Alarm from RU1

Alarm from RU2

Alarm from RU3

Alarm from RU4

A fault occurs on the DL laser HW failure on the UL RF section HW failure on the DL RF section General failure on board Over-temperature alarm

Tab. 5.6: TFLN alarm description

ACTIVE

LED

RED

(LED1)

NONE MINOR

RED

(LED2)

NONE MINOR

RED

(LED3)

NONE MINOR

RED

(LED4)

NONE MINOR

RED

(LED1)

RED

(LED2)

RED

(LED3)

RED

(LED4)

RED (┌┘) MAJOR Return the unit MAJOR

RED (┌┘) CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

RED (┌┘) MAJOR Return the unit MAJOR

NONE MINOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

CRITICAL

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the UL1 fibre and the remote unit laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the UL2 fibre and the remote unit laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the UL3 fibre and the remote unit laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the UL4 fibre and the remote unit laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check remote unit status Check remote unit status Check remote unit status Check remote unit status

Check ventilation and environment

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

TFLN

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TFLN

The previous table reports a brief description of the TFLN alarms, together with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs. As the table shows, LEDs on the TFLN front panel signal all high priority alarms while minor alarms, which detect critical situations which should be checked and tested in order to avoid future possible system faults, are only revealed by LMT or supervision system. Each TFLN is provided with an AGC system which compensates optical losses <3 dB. TFLN LED alarms switch on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. One of LEDs 1, 2, 3 or 4 might turn on not only to indicate a high optical loss detected by TFLN, but also to reveal a remote unit failure. Understanding the reason why one of LEDs 1, 2, 3 or 4 is on (a remote unit failure, an optical cable fault or an external equipment malfunction) can be done following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter.

Quick troubleshooting procedure

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 5.15a)

1. In case the TFLN general alarm (LED ┌┘) is on replace the faulty TFLN

master optical TRX with a new one and contact the manufacturer for assistance.

2. In case one of the LEDs 1, 2, 3 or 4 is on, the corresponding TFLN adapter might be dirty. Try cleaning it using pure ethyl alcohol. If the LED is still on go to the corresponding remote unit side and check the red LED upon TFAx warm side:

a. If it is off, the optical cables or the optical connections are

supposed to have some problem on UL path. Refer to fibre optic UL troubleshooting for more information (fig. 21).

b. If it is on, refer to remote unit troubleshooting presented in the

previous remote unit section

Fibre optic UL troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 5.15b)

1. Check if there is any point where the fibre experiences a small radius of curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If this makes the TFLN red LED switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

2. Check if the SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fibre ends (i.e. TFLN and TFAx ports). If not fix better SC-SPC connectors to relevant adapters. If this makes the TFLN red LED switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

3. Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it at both fibre ends (i.e. TFLN side and TFAx side) then reconnect the fibre to relevant ports. In case this makes the TFLN red LED switch off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN UL port, and measure the output power P

(UL) at corresponding fibre end. Then, go

OUT

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User Manual

to the TFAx side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFAx UL port and measure the input power P

(UL) coming out of the TFAx UL

port.

5. Calculate the UL fibre attenuation A a. If A

> 4dB, the fibre optic cable has some problems or cable

as: AUL [dB] = PIN(UL) – P

path is too long. Replace it.

b. If A

< 4dB, then TFAx remote unit should be faulty. Before

replacing it, check the TFAx status on supervision system and contact for assistance

OUT

(UL)

TFLN

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135

TFLN

start

Which red

LED is ON?

1, 2, 3 or 4

Clean corresponding SC-APC optical adapter and connector

Is red LED

upon TFLN

still ON?

Yes

Go to corresponding remote unit side

UL optical cables or optical connections are supposed to have some problems. Refer to fibre optic UL troubleshooting (fig. 5.15b)

Fig. 5.15 (a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure

Is any red LED

ON upon the

TFLN?

Yes

Replace the faulty TFLN

Is red LED

upon remote

unit ON?

Yes

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

Refer to remote unit troubleshooting

Yes

end

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User Manual

start

Is there any small

radius of curvature

Yes

of the fibre?

Rearrange the optical path in order to

avoid sharp bends. If necessary replace the optical cable with a

lon

er one.

Is the red LED

upon TFLN still

ON?

Are SC-APC

connectors properly

installed at both fibre

ends?

Yes

Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it at both ends.

Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN UL port.

Measure the output power

at the corresponding fibre end

Fix SC-APC connectors

properly to adapters.

Is the red LED

upon TFLN still

ON?

Clean the optical SC-APC

orts both on TFLN and

TFAx side.

Go to the

Disconnect the optical TFAx side

from TFAx UL

Re-connect the

fibre to relevant

Is the red LED

upon TFLN still

SC-APC connector

ort.

orts.

ON?

TFLN

Calculate the UL fibre attenuation:

[dB]=input power - output powe r

Measure the input power entering

the fibre.

Is AUL > 4dB?

The TFAx remote unit should be faulty. Before

replacing it, verify its status through supervision

Fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it.

end

system and contact for assistance.

Fig. 5.15 (b): Flow-chart describing the fibre optic UL troubleshooting

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5.3. Two-way Splitter/Combiner, TLCN2

TLCN2

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User Manual

Module name:

Description:

The TLCN2, a bidirectional 2-way splitter/combiner, provides two identical combining sections for UL and DL which can be used:

¾ to combine 2 RF signals into a

common RF output

¾ to split an RF input into 2 RF output

signals

It is a passive wideband module.

RF ports:

• 1 DL common RF port (“C”)

• 2 DL splitted RF ports (“1”,“2”)

• 1 UL common RF port (”C”)

• 2 UL splitted RF ports (“1”,“2”)

: each port is bidirectional.

Note

2-way splitter/

/combiner

TLCN2

UL common RF port (SMA-f)

DL common RF

ort (SMA-f)

TLCN2 main applications

Main applications of the TLCN2 module are:

• Connecting a donor source to more than one TFLN master optical TRX, so that:

¾ TLCN2 splits the DL input coming

from a donor source into 2 output signals entering 2 different TFLN master optical TRX

¾ TLCN2 combines the UL inputs

coming from 2 TFLN master optical TRX into 1 common signal entering the donor source

• Connecting a TFLN master optical TRX to more than one donor source within the same service, so that:

¾ TLCN2 combines the two DL inputs coming from 2 donor sources into 1

output signal entering the TFLN master optical TRX or a cross band coupler

¾ TLCN2 splits the UL input coming from TFLN master optical TRX or a

cross band coupler into 2 different output signals entering 2 different donor sources.

More TLCN2 modules can be used in cascade connections.

Fig. 5.16: TLCN2 splitter/combiner

DL splitted RF ports (SMA-f)

UL splitted RF ports (SMA-f)

TLCN2

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139

TLCN2 insertion loss

The TLCN2 insertion loss varies slightly with the frequency bands, as shown in table 5.7. When designing the system, remember to take into account the insertion loss of the TLCN2 if present.

TLCN2 insertion loss

700-1400MHz 1400-2200MHz 2200-2500MHz

3.7 ± 0.4dB 4.1 ± 0.5dB 4.6 ± 0.4dB

Table 5.7: Insertion loss values within different frequency bands

Warnings

The overall input power must not exceed +24dBm

TLCN2 Installation

Since the TLCN2 module doesn’t require any power supply it can be housed either in an active or a passive TPRN sub-rack.

1. Unpack the kit which includes

 1 TLCN2  4 RF jumpers (SMA-m), 2 x 25cm, 2 x 35cm

2. Carefully insert the TLCN2 module in any of the TPRN sub-rack slots and lock the 4 screws on the front corners.

TLCN2

3. Connect RF cables to UL and DL ports, according to what planned by designer. Use a specific torque wrench to fix each cable to relevant ports.

4. In case some ports remain unused remember to connect them to a 50 Ω load (not included)

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User Manual

MN024-08

141

5.4. Four-way Splitter/Combiner TLCN4

TLCN4

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User Manual

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Andrew Wireless Innovations Group TFAM1719 Users Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual