Andrew Wireless Innovations Group MN024-08 User Manual

PLUS

User Manual

MN024-08

Andrew Wireless Systems Srl

Via Pier De Crescenzi 40 48018 Faenza, Italy Tel: +39 0546 697111 Fax: +39 0546 682768 www.andrew.com

This publication is issued to provide outline information and is not aimed to be part of any offer and contract. The Company has a policy of continuous product development and improvement and we therefore reserve the right to vary information quoted without prior notice.

System and Customer care is available world-wide through our network of Experts.

The company is certified ISO 9001 and ISO14000.

MN024-08

1

INDEX

0. Index 2

1. Introducing Britecell Plus 4

1.1 The Features 5

1.2 Brief Description of Britecell Plus 5

1.3 Britecell Plus features 6

1.4 Britecell Plus typical applications 7

2. Equipment Overview 9

2.1 The Britecell Plus Remote Unit and its relevant accessories 10

2.2 the Britecell Plus Master Unit 12

2.2.1 The Fast Master Unit 12

2.2.2 The Rack-based Master Unit 12

2.3 Block diagrams 16

3. TFAx Remote Unit 22

3.1 Introduction 23

3.2 Case A remote unit 25

3.3 Case B remote unit 45

3.4 Case L remote unit 63

3.5 Case F remote unit 79

3.6 Wi-Fi Booster TFBW 90

4. Fast Master Unit 100

5. Rack based master unit 113

5.1 19” Subrack TPRNx4 114

5.2 Master Optical TRX, TFLN 126

5.3 Two-way splitter/combiner TLCN2 138

5.4 Four-way splitter/combiner TLCN4 142

5.5 RF dual band coupler TLDN 146

5.6 RF tri-band coupler TLTN 150

5.7 RF Duplexer TDPX 154

5.8 Base Station Interface TBSI 158

5.9 Power Limiter TMPx-10 162

5.10 Wi-Fi Local Interface 168

5.11 The interconnect link (i-link) 172

5.11.1 Introduction 173

5.11.2 TILx-HL Interconnect link 177

5.11.3 TILx-HLW Interconnect link 195

5.12 Remote Supply Unit TRS/TRSN 216

6. Warning and Safety Requirements 222

6.1 Environmental conditions 223

6.2 Installation site Features 223

6.3 Safety and Precautions during Installation or maintenance 224

6.4 Power Supply Connection 225

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6.5 Safety and Precautions for Lasers 226

6.6 Health and Safety Warnings 226

6.7 Electromagnetic Fields and RF Power 227

6.7 Warning Labels 230

7. Technical support 231

7.1 Returning Equipment 231 Appendix A: System Commissioning 233 Appendix B: EU Guidelines for WEEE disposal 237

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1. Introducing Britecell Plus

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User Manual

1.1 The Features

Britecell Plus is an innovative platform designed in order to provide an effective and flexible coverage to a large variety of indoor scenarios.

Thanks to its high modularity, its low power consumption, and its fulltransparency to protocols and modulation formats, Britecell Plus is the perfect plug&play solution to distribute any wireless standard (including GSM, GPRS, EDGE, CDMA, WCDMA, and WLAN IEEE 802.11b) to the in-building environments requiring reliable and interference-free communications, a s well as high traffic capacity and maximum flexibility about future expansions.

These unique features make the Britecell Plus platform suitable also for applications to critical areas experiencing difficulties in establishing and keeping phone calls, while its compact design alwa ys guarantees a minimum aesthetic impact.

1.2 Brief Description of Britecell Plus

Britecell Plus is a Distributed Antenna System (DAS) based on the Radio-overFibre (RoF) technology, and capable of carrying wireless mobile signals through the 800MHz - 2500MHz frequency range regardless of their protocol and their modulation format.

The system has two basic components, a Ma ster Unit and a Remote Unit. The Master Unit is made of one or more subracks typically connected to the BTS (Base Tranceiver Station) through either a repeater (RF interface) or a coaxial cable.

Each Remote Unit is connected with a dedicated pair of single-mode optical fibres (one for UL and one for DL) to the Master Unit. These optica l fibre s work on 1310 nm wavelenght and provide low losses and almost unlimited bandwidth, available for future system developments.

Britecell Plus is a modular system whose basic components are:

• one Master Unit made of one or more subracks, each providing 12 module slots. Each slot can host either an active or a RF passive device (chosen among the wide range of Britecell Plus options), in order to meet the planned design requirements;

• a variable number of Remote Units (TFAx), whose function is feeding the antenna passive network;

• a proper number of indoor antennas, suitable to provide radio coverage to the area. Britecell Plus is fully compatible with any type of indoor antennas;

• the optical cables required to connect the 19” subracks to the TFAx.

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5

BTS

RF interface

TFLN

1

12

Two F.O. per RU

REMOTE

UNIT

4

1

Fig. 1.1: Britecell Plus system block diagram.

1.3 Britecell Plus Features

The following lines report a brief summary of Britecell Plus main features:

• multiband 2G, 2.5G and 3G – 802.11b WLAN compatible: Britecell Plus is completely transparent to any transmission protocol and modulation format, and it can distribute any 2G, 2.5G, 3G wireless standard. In addition, it allows to carry also the WLAN (802.11b/g) service over the same infrastructure;

• modular configuration for flexible design: by properly setting some parameters like the amount of RUs and the antenna locations, the Britecell Plus architecture can follow the environment specific features in order to obtain the most effective radio-coverage of the indoor area. The modularity of the system allows easy modifications for future growth and increasing traffic;

• easy to install: the intelligent plug & play Britecell Plus system includes an Automatic Gain Control (AGC), that eli minates system gain variations regardless of optical loss. This avoids the need for field adjustments, thus reducing design, installation and optimization time.

• low-power consumption: establishing a “quasi line-of-sight propagation” towards all mobile phones inside the area, Britecell Plus works with low power levels. Low power levels have two great advantages: 1) allow mobile phones to work at lower power levels, thus limiting the radiated emissions and increasing their battery life; 2) allow a better control of interference effects between adiacent cells.

• central supervision functions: all individual alarms of Britecell Plus system are stored in an internal flash memory, and available to both local and remote connections. Detailed alarm information is provided by special software (i.e. by Supervision or Maintenance software tools) running on a locally connected host, as well as any information about alarm status and alarm history is available to remote connections via TCP/IP protocols, SNMP agent, or HTTP servers. This alarm information is visible also by means of LEDs present on the front panels of bo th the MU and the RUs;

• multiple-carriers system: there are no restrictions on the number of carriers that the Britecell Plus can convey. Obviously, the more carrie rs per service, the less power per carrier;

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• remote power supply: in case mains cannot be used for the Remote Units, Britecell Plus offers a centralised power supply option, which distributes both a DC low-voltage (-48V) power and the optical signals through a composite fibre optic/copper cable;

• wide variety of RF passive devices: the connections between the DAS and the local BTSs can be arranged so as to get the best fit for customers needs. Britecell Plus equipment provides RF splitters/combiners, cross band couplers, attenuators, duplexers for UL/DL paths, thus allowing the maximum design flexibility;

• high reliability: high MTBF (Mean Time Between Failure).

1.4 Britecell Plus typical Applications

Thanks to its unique features Britecell Plus is the ideal solution to set up radio coverage in may situations:

• Multi operator shared infrastructure: each mobile operator has its own carriers, which must be transported without affecting the others. Britecell Plus is capable of transmitting multipl e carriers simultaneously, while providing an independent level adjustment for each of them, ensuring maximum performance and reducing infrastructure costs

• High rise buildings: RF signals from surrounding macrocells or external BTSs are usually quite strong inside high rise buildings, and cause so much interference that indoor mobile communications often become impossible. By strategically placing antennas along the exterior walls of the building, the signal to noise ratio can be optimised. This interference control solves many problems, such as the “ping pong” effect that sometimes is experienced when a mobile frequently changes from an indoor to an outdoor coverage.

• Exhibition, conventions, and shopping centres: the critical point of these environments is due to the high traffic loads, which are furthermore highly variable. Thus, the main goal to achieve is setting up a radio coverage which could effectively manage these variable traffic loads, with neither undervalued nor overvalued infrastructure expenses. A unique feature of Britecell Plus is that RF frequencies can be allocated quickly when and where they are needed, thus reducing the implementation cost. This makes Britecell Plus the proper solution also for temporary or last minute requests (such as conferences).

• Airports: they require modular and flexible radio coverage, in order to meet present needs while foreseeing future expansions. Britecell Plus can manage high traffic loads providing high quality with minimum environmental impact, while its modularity allows future extensibility.

• Corporate Building: inside a corporate building, difficult mobile communications may limit business transactions. These environments are often complex and densely populated with specific requirements to be fulfilled: high traffic capacity, maximum expectations on Quality of service, full compatibility with wireless standards and future expandability. Britecell Plus guarantees high quality radio coverage

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under all conditions, while maintaining maximum flexibilit y in managing any traffic condition.

• Subways and Highly Dense Metropolitan Areas: These areas are distinguished by large distances, and may require that RUs are placed far away from the BTSs. Britecell Plus guarantees the signal integrity at distances up to 3 km, and through the wideband interconnect link option distances of 20 km can be reached. Moreover, these environments need gradual investments, because initially operators provide radio coverage only in the busiest areas, and then extend it in order to reach complete coverage. The modularity of Britecell Plus helps operators to gradually expand the system. Some large cities often need to set up seamless and reliable radio systems for emergency services. The required RF infrastructure needs to be unobstrusive and environmental friendly; this can be achieved using a Britecell Plus DAS. When redundancy is required, two interleaved Britecell Plus systems can be used, management and supervision for these systems can be remotely established by means of an external modem and an open protocol such as SNMP.

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2. Equipment Overview

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2.1. Introduction

Basically, a Britecell system is composed of:

• a Master Unit, able to bring mobile radio signals from the BTS to different remote units and vice-versa, so as to remotise the distribution a nd colle ction of any mobile and wireless signal;

• a variable number of Remote Units, conveying and receiving mobile signa ls by low-power antennas.

We hereby will provide a brief introduction to the main components of the Master and Remote Units which make up the Britecell system, while further details about each component will be given in the next section s of the present manual.

2.2. The Britecell Plus Remote Unit

and its relevant accessories

The Remote Unit (TFAx) is a device p roviding optical-to-electrical downlink conversion and electrical-to-optical uplink conversion, thus allowing a bidirectional transmission of signals between the Master Unit and the remote antennas. It is available in 3 different power configurations (Low/Medium/High), housed by 4 different architectures (Case A, Case B, Case F and Case L), so as to fulfil different coverage and band requirements.

Case-A

Case-L

Case-B

Case-F

Fig.2.1: Different Remote Unit cases

In downlink, each TFAx receives an optical signal from the Master Unit, performs an optical-to-RF conversion, and transmits the resul ting signal to the 2 antenna ports. In uplink, it receives a RF signal from remote antennas, provides a RF-tooptical conversion, and conveys the converted signal to the Master Unit through optical fibres.

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User Manual

Power supply (available either in 90÷264 Vac or in -72÷-36 Vdc version) is internal in Case L, in Case F and in most Case A remote units: vice-versa, all Case B and some Case A remote units are provided with an external power supply (TPSN), whose dimensions are shown in table 2.1(a).

The TFBW unit is a booster which can be cascaded with a TFAx in order to distribute Wi-Fi signals (802.11b and g) through dedicated Wi-Fi antennas (see scheme 2.2b).

(a)

Fig. 2.2 (a) TFBW booster ; (b) block diagram of a Britecell Plus system with Wi-Fi Interface

Access

Point

BTS

Master Unit

with

Wi-Fi interface

Remote

Unit

Wi-Fi

booster

(b)

The case-A and Case-B Remote Units and the TFBW boosters can be provided with the TKA installation kit (optional), which contains a fiber optics splice holder and a compact case, in order to allow an easy installation on walls or poles. TKA compact cases allow different IP protection levels, depending on the specific environmental requirements.

Fig. 2.3: TKA mounting kit for Case A and Case B remote units

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2.3. The Britecell Plus Master Unit

The Britecell Plus Master Unit is a widely-flexible system. It i s a vaila ble b oth as a stand-alone version (the Fast Master Unit) and as a rack-based version. In the followings we will give a brief overview of the components of these units.

2.3.1 The Fast Master Unit

The Master Fast (TFLF): designed into a stand-alone mechanical case, it includes all required ancillary and support functions. It is avai lable in various frequency ranges, from 800MHz up to 2200MHz and allows feeding up to 4 Remote Units. Module dimensions: 240 x 200 x 38mm

2.3.2 The rack-based Master Unit

The Sub-rack (TPRN) is a 19” subrack hosting the Britecell Plus modules; it accommodates 12 slots, whose sizes are 7TE x 4HE. As each Britecell Plus module takes up one or two slots, each Master Unit can sustain up to 12 modules, depending on design configuration and requirements.

Fig. 2.5: The TPRN Subrack

The Master Optical TRX (TFLN): in downlink it provides an RF-to-optical conversion of the signal coming from the BTS, and transmits it to 4 optical outputs, so as to feed 4 TFAx. In uplink it provides optical-to-RF conversion for 4 optical signals coming from RUs, and it combines them into a single RF output, while providing automatic gain control in order to balance the fibre losses. Module dimensions: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HE (one slot in the master unit subrack).

Fig. 2.6: The TFLN Master Optical TRX

Fig. 2.4: The Fast Master Unit

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User Manual

The duplexer (TDPX): it combines the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) paths into a single one, while maintaining the required isolation. The module dimensions are: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HE.

Fig. 2.7: The TDPX duplexer

The variable RF attenuators (TBSI): it provide independent attenuations (adjustable from 0 to 30dB, with 1dB steps) on uplink and downlink RF paths, and allow the designer to optimize the signal level close to the BTSs. TBSI is an override attenuator, its dimensions are: Width = 7TE, Height = 4HE.

Fig. 2.8:

The dual band coupler (TLDN): in downlink it combines a low band RF signal (800 to 1000 MHz) and a high band RF signal (1700 to 2500 MHz) into a common RF port; in uplink it splits a composite signal between a low band RF port and a high band RF port. Module dimensions are: Width = 7 TE, Height = 4 HE.

Fig. 2.9: The TLDN tri- band coupler

The tri band coupler (TLTN): in downlink it combines the low band signals (800 or 900MHz), the 1800MHz band signal and 2000MHz signal into a common one; in uplink it splits the triple band signal between three different RF single band paths. Module dimensions are: Width = 7 TE, Height = 4 HE.

Fig. 2.10: The TLTN tri-band coupler

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The RF splitters/combiners (TLCN2 and TLCN4): TLCN2 is a 2-way splitter/combiner. TLCN4 is a 4-way splitter/combiner. They can be used in a variety of different situations, such as:

• To connect a BTS with several master optical TRXs. In uplink the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) combines 2 (4) RF signals coming from different master optical TRXs onto a common RF signal, entering the BTS. In downlink the TLCN2 (or TLCN4) splits the downlink composite RF signal coming from the BTS onto 2 (4) RF ports, entering different master optical TRXs;

• To connect several BTSs to a master optical TRX. In downlink the TLCN2 (TLCN4) combines the RF signals coming from different BTSs onto a common RF signal, entering the master optical TRX. In uplink TLCN2 (TLCN4) splits the composite RF signal coming from a master optical TRX into 2 (4) RF signals entering different BTSs.

Fig. 2.11: The TLCN2 and TLCN4 splitters/combiners

The WLAN interface board (TWLI):.it connects 3 WLAN Access Points to each TFLN, and it is necessary when

802.11b/g WLAN distribution through the DAS is required. Dimensions: Width = 14 TE, Height = 4HE (2 slots in the master unit sub-rack).

Fig. 2.12: The TWLI Wi-Fi interface board

The power limiter (TMPx-10): it monitors the DL power coming from the BTS, and attenuates it by 10 dB in case of overcoming of a programmable threshold level. TMP2-10 Power Limiter is for 2G and 2.5G signals, working at 900 MHz and 1800 MHz. TMP3-10 Power Limiter is for 3G signals. Both modules are 7TE wide and 4HE high.

Fig. 2.13: The TMPx-10 power limiter

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User Manual

The interconnect-link (TILx) is a multi-module kit which allows to expand our system by connecting an additional Britecell Plus subrack station to the main one, at a distance of up to 20 km. In details:

• The TDTX and TMRX cards make up the “master side” of the i-link; thus, they have to be housed inside the main Britecell Plus subrack, and

take 1 slot each;

• The TDTX and TSRX cards

Fig. 2.14: The TILx interconnect link (i-link)

make up the “slave side” of the i-link; thus, they have to be housed inside the remotised Britecell Plus subrack, and take 1 slot and 3 slots respectively.

The TILx kit is available either in simple (TILx-HL) or in WDM (TILx-HLW) version.

The remote supervision unit (TSUN): it is able to control up to 14 master units fully populated. It is available both as a plug-in module (Width = 14 TE, Height = 4HE, 2 slots in the master unit sub-rack) and as stand alone device (Width= 19”, Height=1HE). It consists in a CPU, a flash memory and an Interface Board

Fig. 2.15: The TSUN remote supervision unit

The Remote Power Unit (TRS/TRSN): it is a sub-rack unit (whose sizes are 7TE x 4HE) providing remote power supply to up to 24 remote units through standard AWG14/16 copper lines. It is available in 2 versions:

• The TRSN version is able to supply 1 A per port and it can feed all remote units.

Fig. 2.16: The TRSN subrack

• The TRS version is able to

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15

supply 0.5A per port: it can feed only single and dual band TFAN remote units, as well as the TFAM20 one.

2.4. Block diagrams

In order to better understand the functionalities of the different units and modules, some block diagrams of the Britecell Plus system are reported hereafter.

Systems based on Fast Master Unit must be directly connected to the BTS station. The scheme of a typical Fast Britecell system is reported here in fig.

2.17.

BTS

Fixed

Attenuator

TFLF

Mixed fibre-copper cable

Fig. 2.17: Block diagram for a Fast system

A more complex distribution system requires a rack-based Master Unit. It allows the employment of a splitting/combining section (built by some passive modules TLTN, TLDN, TLCN, and TBSI described above) in order to interface one or more BTSs with several TFLN optical TRXs and with an higher number of TFAx remote units. Firstly, let’s assume that our BTSs are not duplexed. In this case, no TDPX module (see fig. 2.7) is required. Moreover, let’s assume that the Ma ster Unit is made up of one or more subracks located in a single site, so that we do not need an interconnect link in order to remotise a second subrack. The scheme of this network configuration is reported hereafter in figure 2.18.

Mixed fibre-copper cable

TFAx

Mixed fibre-copper cable

TFAx

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User Manual

Triple - band system – not duplexed BTSs – 8 TFLN local units

Fixed Atten.

TBSI

TLTN

GSM

GSM 1800

UMTS

900

BTS

TFLN

TLCN4

TFLN

TLCN2

TFLN

TLCN4

TFLN

TFAx

Level

adjustment

Services

combining /

splitting

Signal splitting /

combining

Electrical / optical

conversion

Optical / electrical

conversion

Britecell Plus MASTER UNIT

-

Britecell Plus

REMOTE UNITS

Fig. 2.18: Block diagram for a triple-band system with not-duple xed ba se stations .

This scheme involves a rack-based Master Unit, with 8-TFLN optical TRXs and 32 TFAx

remote units.

Now let’s consider the same network configuration, but with duplexed BTSs. In this case, some TDPX modules (see fig. 2.7) are required in order to combine UL and DL ports on single RF channels.

.

TFAx

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The scheme of this network configuration is reported hereafter in figure 2.19.

Triple-band system – duplexed BTSs – 8 TFLN

GSM

900

BTS

Fixed

Atten.

TDPX

91

TBSI

TLCN4

TFLN

TFAx

TFLN

GSM 1800

BTS

Fixed

Atten.

UMTS

BTS

Fixed

Atten.

Fig. 2.19: Block diagram for a triple-band system with duplexed base stations. This

scheme involves a rack-based Master Unit, with 8-TFLN optical TRXs and 32 TFAx

TDPX

18

TDPX

20

DL - UL

splitting /

combining

Level

adjustment

TLCN2

Services

combining /

splitting

Signal splitting /

combining

Britecell Plus MASTER UNIT

remote units.

TLCN4

TFLN

Electrical / optical

conversion

TFAx

3 km max

optical link

TFAx

Optical/electrical

conversion

Britecell Plus REMOTE UNITS

TFAx

Let’s assume we need to expand our network in a wider area, by using a second subrack station at a distance of up to 20 km from the site where the main subrack station is located. This new network configuration requires to use an interconnect link, whose master side will be at the main subrack station, and whose slave side will be at the new remotised station. The scheme of this new network topology is shown hereafter, in figure2.20.

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User Manual

Triple-band system – duplexed BTSs – i-link

GSM

900

TDPX

91

GSM 1800

TDPX

18

TBSI

UMTS

BTS

TDPX

20

TLTN

TLCN2

TLCN4

TFLN

TFAx

Fig. 2.20: Block diagram for a

Britecell system with

remotised station connected

through i-link. This scheme

refers to a triple-band system

with duplexed base stations.

It involves 7 TFLN optical

TRXs and 28 TFAx remote

units on the master side, 2

TFLN optical TRXs and 8 TFAx

on the slave side .

Services

combining /

splitting

DL - UL

splitting /

combining

Level

adjustment

TSRX

Signal splitting /

combining

TFLN

Electrical / optical

conversion

TFLN

3 km max

optical link

TFAx

Optical/electrical

conversion

MN024-08

Britecell Plus MASTER UNIT

Britecell Plus REMOTE UNITS

19

Lastly, the next tables show a brief overview of the available Britecell equipment:

REMOTE UNITS and accessories

Unit name/

Module name

TFAx case A TFAx case B TFAx case L TFAx case F

TFBWx

TKA01 TKA04

TPSN 1-40 TPSN 3-30

Table 2.1(a): Overview of the Britecell Plus remote units and accessories

Unit name/

Module name

TFAF

Description Dimensions (L x W x H)

Remote unit Remote unit Remote unit Remote unit

WLAN booster Remote Unit installation kit

Remote Unit installation kit External power supply

External power supply

FAST MASTER UNIT

Description Dimensions (L x W x H)

Fast Master Unit

240 x 200 x 38 (mm) 240 x 240 x 38 (mm) 455 x 255 x 167 (mm) 546 x 253 x 207 (mm)

240 x 200 x 38 (mm) 280 x 240 x 55 (mm)

340 x 240 x 55 (mm) 175 x 80 x 54 (mm)

175 x 80 x 51 (mm)

240 x 200 x 38 (cm)

20

Table 2.1(b): Britecell Plus fast master unit

User Manual

RACK-BASED MASTER UNIT

Unit name/

Module name

TPRN04 TPRNx4

TFLNx

TLCN 2 TLCN 4

TBSI 2-30

TDPXx

TLDNx TLTNx

TMPx-10

TWLI

TILx-HL

TILx-HLW

TSUN6

TSUN1 or TSUN3 TRS/TRSN

Table 2.1(c): Overview of the Britecell Plus components and accessories

Description Dimensions (L x W x H)

Passive subrack Active subrack

Master Optical TRX 2-way splitter

4-way splitter Adjustable attenuator UL/DL duplexer Dual band coupler

Tri band coupler 10 dB power limiter WLAN interface i-link kit WDM i-link kit Remote supervision unit standalone Remote supervision unit plug in Remote supply unit

for the rack-based master unit

19” x 4HE 19” x 4HE

7TE x 4HE 7TE x 4HE

7TE x 4HE 7TE x 4HE 7TE x 4HE 7TE x 4HE

7TE x 4HE 7TE x 4HE 14TE x 4HE 14TE x 4HE (master side) +

28TE x 4HE (slave side) 14TE x 4HE (master side) + 28TE x 4HE (slave side) 19” x 4HE

14TE x 4HE 19” x 1HE

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TFAx

(intro)

3. TFAx Remote Unit

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User Manual

3.1. Introduction

Remote Unit

Main tasks of the TFAx unit:

Downlink (DL):

¾ Optical-to-RF conversion of the input optical

signal

¾ Automatic Gain Control (AGC) of each converted signal, in order to

compensate optical losses;

¾ RF amplification: the converted RF signal is boosted in order to main tain a

good signal-to-noise ratio

¾ RF filter ing: a proper filter rejects th e spurious emissions ¾ RF duplexing and splitting: the boosted RF signal is conveyed to 2 antenna

ports

Uplink (UL):

¾ RF amplification: a low noise amplifier boosts the signal received from

antennas so as to maintain a good signal-to-noise ratio

¾ RF filtering: the boosted signal is cleaned from the spurious emissions ¾ Automatic Level Control (ALC): the RF signal level is adjusted according to

blocking requirements

(TFAN,TFAM,TFAH)

Module name:

TFAx

¾ RF-to-optical conversion of the signal, which is finally conveyed to the

output optical port

Different types of Case-A remote units

In order to allow radio cove rages with different power and band requ irements, Britecell architecture provides a wide variety of remote units. This allows the customer to choose the solution which best fits its coverage and environmental demands.

Case A remote unit

Case L remote unit

Case B remote unit

Case F remote unit

Figure 3.1: The four different case of the Britecell Plus remote unit

TFAx

(intro)

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TFAx (Intro)

Depending on the bands where the radio coverage has to be provided and on the required signal power to cover the environment, your remote unit can have one of the topologies shown in figure 3.1.

The following 4 sections of the manual refers to these 4 different topologies of remote units. Please follow the instructions described in the section which exactly corresponds to the case (A,B,L,F) of your remote unit.

The output powers and coverage bands of each remote unit are uniquely associated to model codes which you can easily read on both on the remote unit and on its package box (see picture 3.2 below).

Figure 3.2

The case of your remote unit can be easily identified from the pictures 3.1: as an alternative, you can refer to the Britecell Plus Bulletin PA-100595EN or to the dedicated Bulletin of your remote unit. For example, let’s refer to the Model Number “TFAM20” we read on our remote unit’s label, like in the Ficture 3.2. On the Britecell Plus bulletin PA-100595EN, we read:

Band Configurations

UMTS2100 Medium A TFAM20 PA-100592EN

Power Class

Case

Figure 3.3

Model Code

Details in Bulletin

This line states that the remote unit whose model is TFAM20 has a case A architecture (see picture 3.1), manages UMTS (2100 MHz) signals, and works

with Medium output powers. Once we identified the case of our re mote unit (case A, in this example), let’s refer to this manual’s section which exactly corresponds to our remote unit case, so as to perform proper installation an d maintenance procedures.

Each Britecell Plus remote unit belongs to one of the following 3 power classes: Low, Medium and High Power. Once we know the Power Class of our remote unit (Medium, in our example), and its working bands (e.g. 2100 MHz UMTS), we can look through the remote unit dedicated bulletin (described under the column “Details in bulletin”: PA-100592EN, in our example) in order to get all the technical specifications concerning the remote unit itself.

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User Manual

(

)

Remote Unit

3.2. Case A remote unit

Module name:

Dimensions and Weight:

Dimensions: 38 x 240 x 200 mm

(1.5 x 9.4 x 7.9 inches)

Weight : please refer to the Britecell Plus bulletin

remote unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the updated data

about the weight of your case A remote unit

An external power supply is provided only for Case A remote unit TFAM20.

PA-100595EN or to the

Green LED = power on

Red LED = major

alarm

Warm side

External

alarm

connectors

Power

Supply

connector

RF

antenna

port (N-f)

UL optical

port

(SC-APC)

RF

antenna

port (N-f)

Fig. 3.4: 3D-drawing of a Case A remote unit

RF auxiliary

channel output

SMA-f)

DL optical

port

(SC-APC)

RF auxiliary

channel input

SMA-f

RF ports:

• 2 RF antenna ports, transmitting/receiving signals to/from

distributed antennas. RF antenna ports are duplexed N-female connectors. These RF ports can be connected to the antennas either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. Unused RF

ports have to be terminated with a 50 Ω load.

• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 auxiliary output (designed to

receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.

TFAx

Case A

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

25

TFAx

CaseA

Optical ports:

• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to

TFLN master optical TRX

• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN

master optical TRX

Visual alarms:

Two control LEDs are provided on the TFAx front side (see fog. 3.19). The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (please refer to the table 3.1).

Fig. 3.5 : LED panel on

the Case-A warm side

Led colour

Meaning

Low optical power at DL

Red

input and/or RF amplifier failure

Green Power supply OK

Table 3.1: summary of TFAx LEDs meaning

External alarms:

TFAx is provided with two dry contacts inputs, which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any

dry contacts

external device. In such a way, the alarm information about this external device can be signalled through the red LED of TFAx LED panel and displayed into the supervision system.

Fig. 3.6 : Dry-contacts on Case A back side

Power supply

Case A remote units can be powered by universal mains (90 to 264 Vac) or by negative supply (-72 to -36 Vdc). Power supply is internal for all Case A remote units, except for TFAM20 which has an external adapter. Fig. 3.9a,b shows the different power supply connectors which are provided on 90/264 Vac and on -72/-36 Vdc versions (except TFAM20). TFAM20 remote unit is provided with the TPSN external power supply (fig. 3.8 a,b), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc). They both provide the remote units with a +5Vdc power, by means of a 3-pole connector (fig. 3.10c).

26

User Manual

Fig. 3.7 : (a) IEC connector on the rear side of a 220V 4-pole connector on the rear side of a -48 V connectors are not available on TFAM20, which is provided with an external adapter (see below).

(a)

(b)

(a)

(b)

-powered case A remote unit. (b)

-powered case A remote unit. These

dc

ac

Positive +5 Vdc

Fig. 3.8 : TPSN external adapters for 220 Vac (a) and -48 Vdc (b) TFAM20 versions. Power supply connector on the rear side of TFAM20 remote unit (c).

Ground

(c)

Warnings (to be read before the remote units are

TFAx

CaseA

installed)

Dealing with optical output ports

The TFAx remote unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.

Choosing a proper installation site for the remote units

• TFAx remote units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating

antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise figure.

MN024-08

27

(b)

(a)

TFAx

CaseA

• When positioning the TFAx remote unit, pay

attention that the placing of related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.

• The TFAx remote unit is intended to be fixed on

walls, false ceilings or other flat vertical surfaces (TKA installation kits are available, in order to provide a protective cover for TFAx remote unit,

WRONG

while making the TFAx installation easier and faster).

Handling optical connections

• When inserting an optical connector, take care to

handle it so smoothly that the optical fibre is not damaged. Optical fibres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.

• Typically, Britecell Plus equipment is provided with

SC-APC optical connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.

• Do not force or stretch the fibre pigtail with radius

of curvature less than 5cm. See rightward figure for optimal fibre cabling.

• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not

leave any SC-APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.

• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before

inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.

OPTIMAL

Fig. 3.9: Improper (a) and optimal (b) radius bending for a fiber optics cable.

TFAx Case A installation

Versions with internal power supply

(all Case A remote units, except TFAM20)

Case A remote units can be fixed on walls, false ceilings or other flat vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA01 installation kit (optional).

Installing a Case A remote unit (except TFAM20) WITHOUT the TKA kit

The TFAx kit includes:

28

A. 1 remote unit TFAx B. a 50 Ω load C. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to

the chosen model)

User Manual

Remote units are provided with cooling fins which allow to optimize heat dissipation. In order to let them work, the environment where the remote unit is mounted should allow the necessary air changeover. Do not place any remote unit face downwards on a horizontal surface, because this would prevent heat dissipation. Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit, please follow these steps in order to carry out the installation:

1. Drill into the wall so as to install the M4 screw anchors (not included)

according to the case A or case B layouts indicated by the installation drawings in fig.3.15 (a)

2. Fix the TFAx remote unit to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

3. Take the splice – tray (not included). Fix the splice holder inside the splice

tray. (see fig. 3.10a,b)

4. Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers,

take care of the fiber bending.

5. Fix the splice tray beside the remote unit

6. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the unit to the -48 Vdc mains. If the remote unit is 85/264 Vac-powered, fix the 85/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the unit to the mains.

7. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL and

DL optical connectors (please refer to fig. 3.4). Apply a 50-Ohm load to the RF which are no connected to any antenna cable.

8. Once the installation is finished, please follow the section “Start-up for case

A and case B remote units”, in order to carry out a proper system start up.

(a)

Fig. 3.10. (a) Splice tray. (b) Inside of the splice tray,

with the splice holder properly positioned.

(b)

Installing the Case A remote unit (except TFAM20) WITH the TKA01 installation kit

The TFAx kit includes:

1. a remote unit TFAx

2. a 50 Ω load

3. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to

the chosen model)

TFAx

CaseA

The TKA01 kit includes

:

(please refer to fig.

3.11)

MN024-08

A. 4 screw anchors (fixing the wall bearing to the

wall)

B. 5 screw anchors (fixing the TFAx case A to the

wall mounting box “C”)

C. A wall mounting boc D. a splice holder

29

TFAx

CaseA

Fig. 3.11: The TKA01 installation kit

Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit mounting case, please follow these instructions:

1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA01 wall bearing

(see fig. 3.12a)

2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which shall hold up the

TKA01 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in fig. 3.15c.

3. Fix the TKA01 wall bearing by firmly screwing the anchors.

4. Carefully open the splice tray by using a screwdriver as in fig. 3.12b. Fix

the splice holder inside the splice tray. (see fig. 3.12c). Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers, take care of the fiber bending. Close the splice tray.

5. Fix the remote unit to the wall bearing by using the included screws 3.12d.

6. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the unit to the -48 Vdc mains. If the remote unit is 85/264 Vac-powered, fix the 85/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the unit to the mains.

7. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL

and DL optical connectors (fig.3.12e). If the power cable has properly been connected to the main, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the red LED will turn off as soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start up of the system, please refer to the section “TFAx Start-up”)

8. Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (fig.3.12f).

TFAM20 installation

TFAM20 remote unit can be fixed on walls, false ceilings or other flat vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA01 installation kit (optional).

30

User Manual

Installing a TFAM20 remote unit WITHOUT the TKA kit

The TFAM20 kit includes:

1. a remote unit TFAM20

2. a 50 Ω load

3. a TPSN external power supply adapter (90 to

264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)

4. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to

the chosen model)

Please consider carefully these guidelines in order to choose a proper positioning of the remote unit and of its power supply:

o Each piece of equipment should not be affected by the heating of any other

piece. The remote unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side configuration is suggested (fig.

3.13 a,b)

o Remote units are provided with cooling fins which allow to optimize heat

dissipation. In order to let them work, the environment where the TFAM20 is mounted should allow the necessary air changeover.

o It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a

horizontal surface, because this position does not allow heat dissipation.

External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.

o In order to assure a proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies

must be mounted in vertical position with the power socket downwards (see

fig. 3.13a,b).

Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit, please follow these instructions:

1. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the TFAM20 remote unit, drill into the wall according to the case A layout shown in fig. 3.15a.

2. Fix the TFAM20 to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

3. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in fig.3.15b.

4. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by firmly screwing the

anchors.

5. Take the splice – tray (not included). Fix the splice holder inside the splice

tray. (see fig. 3.10a,b)

6. Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers,

take care of the fiber bending.

7. Fix the splice tray beside the remote unit

8. Connect the external adapter to the TFAM20 remote unit through the

9. proper cable.

10. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc mains (fig. 3.12b). If the remote unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fix the 90/264 Vac plug

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

31

(

-

)

TFAx

CaseA

(included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to the external adapter to the mains (fig. 3.12a).

11. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL

and DL optical connectors.

12. Once the installation is finished, please follow the section “TFAx case A

remote unit”, in order to carry out a proper system start up.

universal mains (90 to 264Vac)

(a)

neg. supply

72 to -36Vdc

(b)

Fig. 3.12. Example of proper mounting configuration, which assures heat dissipation. Note that the remote unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The pictures refer to a 90/264 Vac – powered TFAM20 (a) and to a – 72/-36 Vdc –powered TFAM20 (b).

Installation of the TFAM20 remote unit WITH the TKA01 installation kit

The TFAM20 kit includes:

1. a remote unit TFAx

2. a 50 Ω load

3. an external power supply adapter (86 to 264 Vac

or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)

4. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to

the chosen model)

The TKA01 kit includes

(

please refer to fig.

3.11)

:

A. 4 screw anchors (fixing the wall bearing to the

wall)

B. 5 screw anchors (fixing the TFAx case A to the

wall mounting box “C”)

C. A wall mounting boc D. a splice holder

32

User Manual

TFAx

CaseA

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

MN024-08

(e)

(f)

Fig. 3.13: Mounting the TFAx Case A with a TKA01 installation kit

33

TFAx

CaseA

Please consider carefully these guidelines in order to choose a proper positioning of the remote unit and of its power supply:

o Each piece of equipment should not be affected by the heating of any other

piece. The remote unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side configuration is suggested (fig.

3.14 a,b)

o It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a

horizontal surface, because this position does not allow heat dissipation.

External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.

o In order to assure a proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies

must be mounted in vertical position with the power socket downwards

(see fig. 3.14a,b).

Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit mounting case, please follow these instructions:

1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA01 wall

bearing (see fig. 3.13a)

2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which shall hold up

the TKA01 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in fig. 3.15c.

3. Fix the TKA01 wall bearing by firmly screwing the anchors.

4. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in fig.3.15b

5. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by firmly screwing the

anchors.

6. Carefully open the splice tray by using a screwdriver as in fig. 3.13b. Fix

the splice holder inside the splice tray. (see fig. 3.13c). Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers, take care of the fiber bending. Close the splice tray.

7. Fix the remote unit to the wall bearing by using the included screws

3.13d.

8. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc mains (fig. 3.14a). If the remote unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fix the 90/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the external adapter to the mains (fig. 3.14b).

9. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL

and DL optical connectors (fig.3.13e). If the power cable has properly been connected to the main, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the red LED will turn off as soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start up of the system, please refer to the section “TFAx Case A Start-up”)

10. Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (fig.3.13f).

34

User Manual

Universal mains (90 to 264 Vac)

(a)

Neg. supply (-72 to -36Vdc)

(b)

Fig. 3.14. Example of proper mounting configuration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the remote unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The pictures refer to a 90/264 Vac – powered TFAM20 (a) and to a -72/-36 Vdc –powered TFAM20 (b).

TFAx Case A start-up

Before the TFAx remote unit is switched on, make sure that:

• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other

with RF jumpers, according to the system design

• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its remote units

• each remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

For a correct system start-up, all the remote units have to be switched on before the master unit.

Once the TFAx has been switched on, its behaviour can be summarized as per the following steps:

1. when the remote unit is turned on, both the LEDs upon the warm side

turn on for a couple of seconds

2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper

power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).

3. Once the master unit has been switched on, the status of both LEDs

have to be the one reported in table 3.1. In case the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section.

4. After being switched on the remote unit starts working correctly.

Anyway, in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase which can last at max. 4min, depending on the system complexity, the TFLN LED ┌┘ blinks.

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

35

TFAx

CaseA

Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in failing

the identification of the remote unit.

: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or

Note the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

Case A TFAx troubleshooting

Faults can be revealed by LEDs on the TFAx front panel as well as by LMT or supervision system (running on the remote supervision unit) Both LMT and supervision system provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when failure detection is directly carried out through LMT or supervision system.

Britecell Plus modules are designed in order to exchange information, so that each remote unit can receive failure notifications from its external equipment through dry-contact connections. Moreover, the TFAx constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit to control optical losses. Tables 3.2 and 3.3 show a brief description of the alarms related to a Case A remote unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault.

TFAN

ALARM

CODE

(TSUN

description)

Antenna DC loop alarm

DL optical power fail

AGC out of range

DL RF low band alarm

DL RF high band alarm

External 1 alarm

External 2 alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

The optical power received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated

HW failure on the DL low band RF section

HW failure on the DL high band RF section

Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 1 Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 2

ACTIVE LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

RED MAJOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ALWAYS OK

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external device or alarm connection

Table 3.2. Description of the alarms of the TFAN Case A Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

36

User Manual

7

As the tables show, minor alarms (low priority alarms) are revealed only by LMT or supervision system, but not by LEDs. Minor alarms detect critical situations which should be checked and tested in order to avoid future possible system faults.

Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB4dB range, the whole system still works, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand what problem occurred.

1

Note: Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB- 4dB range, the AGC is said to be “out of range”: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The DL power LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand

what problem occurred

.

TFAM20

ALARM

CODE (TSUN

descriptio

n)

Antenna DC loop alarm

Power Supply alarm

Internal Bus alarm

DL optical power fail

AGC out of range

DL UMTS band alarm

Temperature alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

UPS HW failure or malfunction. RF is turned OFF

The optical power received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated HW failure on the DL UMTS section

Over-temperature alarm

ACTIVE

LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR RED

if temperature

>85°C

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ALWAYS OK

MINOR

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unit

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check ventilation and environment

Table 3.3. Description of the alarms of the TFAM20 Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

3

TFAx

CaseA

Fig. 3.15(a): CASE A layout with wall anchor quotes

38

User Manual

Fig. 3.15(b): External Power Supply layout with wall anchor quotes. It is highly recommended

to mount it on a vertical surface in vertical position with the socket downwards.

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

39

TFAx

CaseA

Fig. 3.15(c): TKA layout with wall anchor quotes

40

User Manual

Quick troubleshooting procedure

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.16a) In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:

1. First of all, refer to dry-contact troubleshooting in order to understand

whether the alarm can depend on any external equipment failure or not.

2. In case dry-contact troubleshooting has not revealed any failure, clean the

optical adapters

3. If the problem still persists, refer to the fibre optic DL troubleshooting to

check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.

4. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a

new one or contact for assistance.

Dry contact troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.16b) This procedure needs to be considered if at least one TFAx dry-contact is connected to some external equipment. If not, return to main troubleshooting procedure. These steps aim to detect any failure inside the external equipment or inside the dry-contact port. If dry-contacts don’t reveal equipment malfunction or a port failure, return to the main troubleshooting procedure. For any dry-contact connected to some external equipment, follow these steps:

1. Disconnect it, and check the TFAx LED status after the disconnection.

2. If the red LED has switched off, external equipment connected to the dry

contact port should be faulty. Please test it.

3. If the TFAx red LED still remains on after the disconnection, measure

voltage between the terminals of the dry contact port.

a. If the terminals are electrically closed, the dry-contact port is faulty.

Contact the manufacturer for assistance.

b. If the terminals are open, this means neither the analysis of the

present dry contact nor the one of its external equipment has revealed failures. Re-connect the present dry contact port to its external equipment. In case the TFAx has another unchecked drycontact connected to some external equipment, apply the whole procedure (i.e. the steps 1-3) to this new port

Fibre optic DL troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.16c)

1. Check if there is any point where fibre experiences a short radius of

curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow next steps.

2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fibre ends. In

case they are not, fix better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

3. Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it better at both ends then clean

the SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Re-connect the fibre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED switch off, follow next steps.

TFAx

CaseA

MN024-08

41

N

TFAx

CaseA

4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port, and

measure the output power P

(DL) at the corresponding fibre end.

OUT

Then, go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from

TFLN DL port and measure the input power P

TFLN DL port. Calculate the DL fibre attenuation A

(DL) – P

P

IN

a. If A

> 4dB, then the fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it

DL

OUT

(DL)

(DL) coming out of the

IN

as ADL [dB] =

DL

with a new one.

b. If A

< 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem.

DL

Refer to supervision system or contact assistance.

Verify if any external

equipment or any dry contact

port have some problems.

Refer to dry-contact

troubleshooting (fig. 3.16b)

Is the red LED

ON upon the

TFAx?

Yes

Is red LED upon

TFAx still ON?

No

o

Yes

Clean the SC-APC

optical adapters and

connectors

Is red LED upon

TFAx still ON?

o

Yes

Optical cable or optical connections

are supposed to have problems on

end

DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL

troubleshooting (fig. 3.16c)

Fig. 3.16( a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure on Case A TFAx

42

User Manual

start

Disconnect the

dry contact port

Measure voltage between the terminals of this dry contact port

Analysis about this dry contact and its external equipment has not revealed any failures. Connect the dry contact to its

external equipment again.

Is any dry contact

connected to some

external equipment?

Yes

Is red LED

upon TFAx

still ON?

Yes

Is this dry contact electrically closed?

No

Is the other dry

contact connected

to external

equipment?

No

External equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it.

Yes

The dry contact port is faulty. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.

No

end

TFAx

CaseA

Fig. 3.16(b): Flow-chart describing the external alarm troubleshooting on Case A TFAx.

MN024-08

43

N

es

No

N

es

N

t

es

No

es

start

Is there any

point where the

fibre experiences

a small radius of

Yes

Rearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary replace the optical cable with a longer one.

curvature?

TFAx

CaseA

Are SC-APC

connectors properly

installed at both fibre

ends?

Yes

Disconnect fibre optic and clean it at both ends.

Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port

o

Fix better SC-APC connectors

Y

Clean optical SC-APC ports on both TFL and remote uni

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

.

Y

Is red LED

upon remote

o

unit still ON?

Reconnect the fibre to relevant ports

Y

Is red LED

upon remote

No

unit still ON?

Measure the output power

at corresponding fibre end.

Go to TFLN side.

Disconnect optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port.

[dB]=input power - output powe r

A

DL

Calculate DL fibre attenuation

Measure the input power

coming out of the TFLN DL port.

Is ADL > 4dB?

Y

Fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it.

Troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem. Refer

end

to supervision system or contact assistance

Fig. 3.16 (c): Flow-chart describing the fibre optic DL troubleshooting

44

User Manual

(

)

3.3. Case B remote unit

Dimensions and Weight:

Dimensions: 38 x 240 x 240 mm

(1.5 x 9.4 x 9.4 inches)

Weight : please refer to the Bulletin

PA-100595EN or to the remote unit dedicated bulletin in order to

know the updated data about the weight of your case L remote unit

RF ports:

Optical ports:

Green LED = power on

Red LED = major

Power

Supply

connector

RF auxiliary

channel output

alarm

SMA-f)

• 2 RF antenna ports, transmitting/receiving signals to/from

distributed antennas. RF antenna ports are duplexed N-female connectors. These RF ports can be connected to the antennas either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed. Unused RF

ports have to be terminated with a 50 Ω load.

• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 auxiliary output (designed to

receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.

Warm side

RF

antenna

port (N-f)

DL optical

(SC-APC)

UL optical

port

(SC-APC)

port

• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN

master optical TRX

• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN

master optical TRX

RF

antenna

port (N-f)

Module name:

Remote Unit

TFAx

Case B

External

alarm

connectors

Fig. 3.17: 3D-drawing of a Case B remote unit

RF auxiliary

channel input

SMA-f

TFAx

CaseB

MN024-08

45

TFAx

CaseB

Visual alarms:

Two control LEDs are provided on the TFAx front side (fig.3.18). The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (please refer to the table 3.4).

Led colour

Red

Meaning

Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifier failure

Green Power supply OK

Table 3.4: summary of TFAx LEDs meaning

Fig. 3.18 : LED panel on

the Case-B warm side

Dry contact alarms:

TFAx is provided with two dry contacts inputs, which can be connected (through .062” MOLEX plugs) to any external

dry contacts

device. In such a way, the alarm information about this external device can be signalled through the red LED of TFAx LED panel and displayed into the supervision system.

Fig. 3.19 : Dry-contacts on Case B back side

Power supply

The Case B remote unit is provided with an external power supply TPSN (fig.

3.20 a,b), available either for universal mains (90 to 264) or for negative supply. (-72 to -36 Vdc). Each TPSN external power supply provides the remote units with a +5Vdc power, by means of a 3-pole connector (fig.

3.20c).

Warnings (to be read before remote units are installed)

Dealing with optical output ports

The TFAx remote unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.

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User Manual

7

(a)

Fig. 3.20: TPSN external adapters for 220 Vac (a) and -48 Vdc (b) Case B remote units. Power supply connector on the rear side of Case-B remote unit (c).

Positive +5 Vdc

Ground

(c)

(b)

Choosing a proper installation site for the remote units

• TFAx remote units have to be installed as close as possible to the radiating

antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise figure.

• When positioning the TFAx remote unit, pay attention that the placing of

related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.

• The TFAx remote unit is intended to be fixed on walls, false ceilings or

other flat vertical surfaces (TKA installation kits are available, in order to provide a protective cover for TFAx remote unit, while making the TFAx installation easier and faster).

Handling optical connections

• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly

that the optical fibre is not damaged. Optical fibres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.

• Typically, Britecell Plus equipment is provided with SC-APC optical

connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.

• Do not force or stretch the fibre pigtail with radius of curvature less than

5cm. See rightward figure for optimal fibre cabling.

• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not

leave any SC-APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.

• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before

inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.

TFAx

CaseB

MN024-08

4

TFAx Case B installation

CaseB remote unit can be fixed on walls, false ceilings or other flat vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA04 installation kit (optional).

TFAx

CaseB

Installing a Case B remote unit WITHOUT the TKA kit

The TFAx kit includes:

a. a remote unit TFAx b. a 50 Ω load c. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86 to 264

Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)

d. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according to

the chosen model)

Please consider carefully these guidelines in order to choose a proper positioning of the remote unit and of its power supply:

o Each piece of equipment should not be affected by the heating of any other

piece. The remote unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side configuration is suggested (fig.

3.22 a,b)

o Remote units are provided with cooling fins which allow to optimize heat

dissipation. In order to let them work, the environment where the TFAx is mounted should allow the necessary air changeover

o It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a

horizontal surface, because this position does not allow heat dissipation. External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.

o In order to assure a proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies

must be mounted in vertical position with the power socket downwards (see fig. 13.22a,b).

Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit, please follow these instructions:

1. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the TFAx remote unit, drill into the wall according to the case B layout shown in fig. 3.24a.

2. Fix the TFAx to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

3. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in fig.3.24b

4. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by firmly screwing the

anchors.

5. Take the splice – tray (not included). Fix the splice holder inside the splice

tray. (see fig. 3.21a,b)

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User Manual

(b)

Fig. 3.21. (a) Splice tray. (b) Inside of the splice tray,

(a)

with the splice holder properly positioned.

6. Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers,

take care of the fiber bending.

7. Fix the splice tray beside the remote unit

8. Connect the external adapter to the TFAx remote unit through the proper

cable.

9. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc supply (fig. 3.22b). If the remote unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fix the 90/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the external adapter to the mains (fig. 3.22a).

10. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL

and DL optical connectors.

11. Once the installation is finished, please follow the section “TFAx Case B

Start-up” in order to carry out a proper system start up.

Universal mains (90 to 264 Vac)

(a)

Neg. supply (-72 to -36 Vdc )

(b)

TFAx

CaseB

Fig. 3.22. Example of proper mounting configuration, which assures heat dissipation. Note that the remote unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The pictures refer to a 90/264 Vac – powered TFAx Case B (a) and to a -36/-72 Vdc –powered TFAx Case B (b).

MN024-08

49

(

Installation of the Case B remote unit WITH the TKA04 installation kit

TFAx

CaseB

The TFAx Case B kit includes:

The TKA04 kit includes:

2. a remote unit TFAx

3. a 50 Ω load

4. a TPSN external power supply adapter (86

to 264 Vac or -72 to -36 Vdc, according to the chosen model)

5. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug

according to the chosen model)

A. 4 screw anchors (fixing the wall bearing to the

wall)

B. 5 screw anchors (fixing the TFAx Case B to the

wall bearing)

C. a wall mounting box (wall bearing + cover) D. a splice holder

Fig. 3.23: The TKA installation kit

Please consider carefully these guidelines in order to choose a proper positioning of the remote unit and of its power supply:

o Each piece of equipment should not be affected by the heating of any other

piece. The remote unit and its external power supply should be mounted so as to avoid reciprocal heating. Side-by-side configuration is suggested (fig.

3.24 a,b)

o It is strongly recommended not to mount the external power supply on a

horizontal surface, because this position does not allow heat dissipation.

External power supplies must be mounted on vertical surfaces.

o In order to assure a proper heat dissipation, the external power supplies

must be mounted in vertical position with the power socket downwards

(see fig. 3.24a,b).

Once you have chosen the position of the remote unit mounting case, please follow these instructions:

1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA04 wall bearing

(see fig. 3.26a)

2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which shall hold up the

TKA04 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in fig. 3.25c.

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User Manual

3. Fix the TKA04 wall bearing by firmly screwing the anchors.

4. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (not included) which shall hold up

the power supply external adapter, drill into the wall according to the power supply layout shown in fig.3.25b.

5. Fix the external power supply adapter to the wall by firmly screwing the

anchors.

6. Carefully open the splice tray by using a screwdriver as in fig. 3.26b. Fix the

splice holder inside the splice tray (fig. 3.26c). Splice the optical fibres and close the splice tray. While handling the fibers, take care of the fiber bending. Close the splice tray.

Universal mains (90 to 264 Vac)

Fig. 3.24. Example of proper mounting configuration, which assures proper heat dissipation. Note that the remote unit and its power supply adapter are mounted side-by-side, and the power supply adapter has the socket downwards. The pictures refer to a 220 Vac – powered TFAx Case B (a) and to a -48 Vdc –powered TFAx Case B (b).

(a)

(b)

Neg. supply (-72 to -36 Vdc

7. Fix the remote unit to the wall-bearing by using the included screws (fig.

3.26d).

8. If the remote unit is -48 Vdc powered, use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the external adapter to the -48 Vdc mains (fig. 3.24b). If the remote unit is 90/264 Vac-powered, fix the 90/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the external adapter to the mains (fig. 3.24a).

9. Connect the antenna RF cables to the RF antenna ports. Connect the UL

and DL optical connectors (fig. 3.26e). If the power cable has properly been connected to the main, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the red LED will turn off as soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start up of the system, please refer to the section “TFAx Case B Start-up”)

10. Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (fig. 3.26f)

TFAx

CaseB

MN024-08

51

TFAx

CaseB

TFAx Case B start-up

Before the TFAx remote unit is switched on, make sure that:

• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other

with RF jumpers, according to the system design

• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its remote units

• each remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

For a correct system start-up, all the remote units have to be switched on before the master unit.

Once the TFAx has been switched on, its behaviour can be summarized as per the following steps:

1. When the remote unit is turned on, both the LEDs upon the warm side turn

on for a couple of seconds

2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power

supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).

3. Once the master unit has been switched on, the status of both LEDs have

to be the one reported in table 3.4. In case the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section.

4. After being switched on the remote unit starts working correctly. Anyway,

in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase which can last at max. 4min, depending on the system complexity, the TFLN LED ┌┘ blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in failing the identification of the remote unit.

: in case discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or

Note the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

TFAx Case B troubleshooting

Faults can be revealed by LEDs on the TFAx front panel as well as by LMT or supervision system (running on the remote supervision unit) Both LMT and supervision system provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when failure detection is directly carried out through LMT or supervision system. Britecell Plus modules are designed in order to exchange information, so that each remote unit can receive failure notifications from its external equipment through dry-contact connections. Moreover, the TFAx constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit to control optical losses.

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User Manual

TFAx

CaseB

Fig. 3.25 (a): CASE B layout with wall anchor quotes

MN024-08

53

TFAx

CaseB

Fig. 3.25 (b): External Power Supply layout with wall anchor quotes. It is highly recommended

to mount it on a vertical surface in vertical position with the socket downwards.

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User Manual

TFAx

CaseB

Fig. 3.25 (c): TKA layout with wall anchor quotes

MN024-08

55

p

TFAx

CaseB

(a)

(c)

(b)

(d)

Fig. 3.26: Mounting the TFAx with a TKA installation kit. Please note that these

(e)

(f)

itctures refers to the mounting of a Case A TFAx with a TKa01 kit. However, the

installation procedure is identical for mounting a TFAx case B with a TKA04 kit.

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User Manual

7

Tables 3.5 and 3.6 show a brief description of the alarms related to a Case B remote unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault.

TFAN (tri band)

ALARM

CODE

(TSUN

description)

Antenna DC loop alarm

DL optical power

1

fail

AGC out of

1

range

DL RF low band alarm DL RF high band alarm

External 1 alarm

External 2 alarm

Power supply alarm

Internal BUS alarm

Temperature alarm

DL UMTS band alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

ALWAYS OK The optical power

received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated HW failure on the DL low band RF section HW failure on the DL high band RF section Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 1 Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 2

UPS HW failure or malfunction. RF is turned OFF

A malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalities Over-temperature alarm HW failure on the DL UMTS band RF section

ACTIVE LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

RED MAJOR

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

NONE MINOR

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unit

Check ventilation and environment

Table 3.5. Description of the alarms of the TFAN Case-B Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

TFAx

CaseB

MN024-08

5

TFAx

CaseB

TFAM

ALARM

CODE

(TSUN

description)

Antenna DC loop alarm

DL optical power fail

AGC out of range

DL UMTS band alarm

External 1alarm

External 2 alarm

Power Supply alarm

Internal Bus alarm

1

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

ALWAYS OK The optical power

received on the DL is too low and can’t no more be compensated The optical power received is under the allowed 3dB optical loss but it can be compensated HW failure on the DL UMTS section Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 1 Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 2

UPS HW failure or malfunction. RF is turned OFF

ALWAYS OK

ACTIVE

LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

RED MAJOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unit

Table 3.6. Description of the alarms of the TFAM Case-B Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

As the tables show minor alarms (low priority alarms) are revealed only by LMT or supervision system, but not by LEDs. Minor alarms detect critical situations which should be checked and tested in order to avoid future possible system faults.

Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB4dB range, the whole system still works, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The red LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand what problem occurred.

1

Note: Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB- 4dB range, the AGC is said to be “out of range”: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The DL power LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more.

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

58

User Manual

As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand

what problem occurred

.

Quick troubleshooting procedure

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.27a) In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:

1. First of all, refer to dry-contact troubleshooting in order to understand

whether the alarm can depend on any external equipment failure or not.

2. In case dry-contact troubleshooting has not revealed any failure, clean the

optical adapters

3. If the problem still persists, refer to the fibre optic DL troubleshooting to

check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.

4. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a

new one or contact for assistance.

Dry-contact troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.27b) This procedure needs to be considered if at least one TFAx dry-contact is connected to some external equipment. If not, return to main troubleshooting procedure. These steps aim to detect any failure inside the external equipment or inside the dry-contact port. If dry-contacts don’t reveal equipment malfunction or a port failure, return to the main troubleshooting procedure. For any dry-contact connected to some external equipment, follow these steps:

1. Disconnect it, and check the TFAx LED status after the disconnection.

2. If the red LED has switched off, external equipment connected to the dry

contact port should be faulty. Please test it.

3. If the TFAx red LED still remains on after the disconnection, measure

voltage between the terminals of the dry contact port.

a. If the terminals are electrically closed, the dry-contact port is

faulty. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.

b. If the terminals are open, this means neither the analysis of the

present dry contact nor the one of its external equipment has revealed failures. Re-connect the present dry contact port to its external equipment. In case the TFAx has another unchecked drycontact connected to some external equipment, apply the whole procedure (ie steps 1-3) to this new port

Fibre optic DL troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.27c)

1. Check if there is any point where fibre experiences a short radius of

curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow next steps.

2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fibre ends. In

case they are not, fix better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

TFAx

CaseB

MN024-08

59

N

TFAx

CaseB

3. Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it better at both ends then clean the

SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Re-connect the fibre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED switch off, follow next steps.

4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port, and

measure the output power P

(DL) at the corresponding fibre end. Then,

OUT

go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port and measure the input power P Calculate the DL fibre attenuation A

a. If A

> 4dB, then the fibre optic cable has some problems.

DL

(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL port.

IN

as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) – P

DL

OUT

(DL)

Replace it with a new one.

b. If A

< 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identified the

DL

problem. Refer to supervision system or contact assistance.

start

Is the red LED

ON upon the

TFAx?

Yes

Verify if any external

equipment or any dry contact

port have some problems.

Refer to dry-contact

troubleshooting (fig. 3.27b)

Clean the SC-APC

optical adapters and

connectors

Optical cable or optical connections

are supposed to have problems on

DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL

troubleshooting (fig. 3.27c)

Fig. 3.27 (a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure on TFAx Case B

Is red LED

upon TFAx still

ON?

Yes

Is red LED

upon TFAx still

ON?

Yes

o

end

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User Manual

start

Is any dry contact

connected to some

external equipment?

No

Disconnect the

dry contact port

Is red LED upon TFAx

Yes

still ON?

Yes

No

External equipment connected to this dry contact port should be faulty. Test it.

Measure voltage between the terminals of this dry contact port

Is this dry contact electrically closed?

Yes

No

The dry contact port is faulty. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.

TFAx

CaseB

Analysis about this dry contact and its external equipment has not revealed any failures. Connect the dry contact to its

external equipment again.

Fig. 3.27 (b): Flow-chart describing the external alarm troubleshooting on Case B TFAx.

Is the other dry

contact connected

to external

equipment?

Yes

No

end

MN024-08

61

No N

es

No

N

es

N

t

es

No

es

TFAx

CaseB

start

Are SC-APC

connectors properly

installed at both fibre

ends?

Yes

Disconnect fibre optic and clean it at both ends.

Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port

Measure the output power

at corresponding fibre end.

Calculate DL fibre attenuation

[dB]=input power - output powe r

A

DL

Is ADL > 4dB?

Fig. 3.27 (c): Flow-chart describing the fibre optic DL troubleshooting

Is there any

point where the

fibre experiences

a small radius of

curvature?

o

Y

Yes

Rearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary replace the optical cable with a longer one.

Y

Fix better SC-APC connectors

Y

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

Clean optical SC-APC ports on both TFL and remote uni

Go to TFLN side.

Fibre optic cable has some

.

Disconnect optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port.

problems. Replace it.

Troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem. Refer to supervision system or contact assistance

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

Reconnect the fibre to relevant ports

Y

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

Measure the input power

coming out of the TFLN DL port.

o

No

end

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User Manual

Module name:

3.4. Case F remote unit

Dimensions and Weight

Dimensions: 546 x 253 x 207 mm

Remote Unit

TFAH

Case L

(inches 21.5 x 10 x 8.1)

Weight: please refer to the Britecell Plus bulletin PA-100595EN or to

the remote unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the

updated data about the weight of your case-L remote unit.

(a)

Figure 3.28 : (a) Case-L remote unit; (b) connection panel of the Case-L remote unit

Power supply connector

External alarms port

Green LED = power ON

Red LED = major alarm

RF ANTENNA PORT

UL AUX

DL AUX

(b)

DL optical cable

UL optical cable

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

63

TFAx

CaseL

RF ports:

• 1 RF antenna port, transmitting/receiving signals to/from distributed

antennas. This RF antenna port is a duplexed N-female connectors. The port can be connected to the antenna either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed.

• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 RF auxiliary output (designed to receive and

transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMAfemale connectors.

Optical ports:

• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN master optical TRX;

• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN master optical TRX.

Visual alarms:

Two control LEDs are provided on the Case-L upper side (see fig. 3.29). The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (please rfer to the table 3.7).

Fig. 3.29 : LED panel on the Case-B warm side

Led colour

Red

Green Power supply OK

Meaning

Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifier failure

Table 3.7: summary of

Case-L LEDs meaning

External alarms

The Case-L remote unit can collect the alarm information of any external device, so that the two LEDs of the visual panel will take account both of the alarms of the remote unit itself and of the external devices which have been properly connected. The alarms signals coming from external devices can be carried through proper cables (provided with 0.62” molex plugs), which have to pass through the external alarms port (see picture 3.28) and have to be connected to the proper pins on the motherboard. Please refer to fig. 3.30 in order to connect the external alarms cables to the proper pins.

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User Manual

Pin 1: EXTERNAL 1

Pin 2: GROUND 1

Pin 3: EXTERNAL 2

Pin 4: GROUND 2

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

Fig. 3.30 : External alarm contacts on Case F board

65

TFAx

CaseL

Power supply:

The Case-L remote Unit is available in two versions: one feeded by universal mains (85 to 265 Vac), the other by negative power supply (-72 to -36 Vdc): in figure 3.31, the 85/220 Vac connector and the -72/-36 Vdc connector are described. Power feeder is always internal. The power cable is always included in the Case-L remote unit kit

Figure 3.31 : (a) 85/264 Vac and (b) -36/-72 Vdc connectors on a Case-L Remote Unit

85/264Vac Connector

PE: ground 1: N 2: L

PE

1 2

(a)

4 6

(b)

-36/-72Vdc Connector

4: 0V 6: -48V

Warnings (to be read before remote units are installed)

Dealing with optical output ports

The Case-L remote unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.

Choosing a proper installation site for the remote units

• Case-L remote units have to be installed as close as possible to the

radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise figure.

• When positioning the Case-L remote unit, pay attention that the placing of

related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.

• The Case-L remote unit is intended to be fixed on walls or other flat

vertical surfaces.

Handling optical connections

• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly

that the optical fibre is not damaged. Optical fibres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.

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User Manual

7

• Typically, Britecell Plus equipment is provided with SC-APC optical

connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.

• Do not force or stretch the fibre pigtail with radius of curvature less than

5cm. See rightward figure for optimal fibre cabling.

• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not

leave any SC-APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.

• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before

inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.

TFAx Case-L installation

Each case-L Remote Unit kit includes:

• 1 Case-L Remote Unit;

• 1 key, required to open the Case-L connector cover

• 1 power supply cable (85 to 264 V

supply which has been chosen);

• 1 pair of mounting plates;

• 1 screw kit, including four hexagonal-head screws and a torque key.

The operations which need to be carried out in order to perform a proper installation of the Case-L Remote Unit are hereby described:

1- Take down the 2 mounting plates which are fixed to the case L (fig. 3.33a). Fix the two mounting plates to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

2. Drill the wall to install four M8 screw anchors (not included) as indicated by

the installation drawing shown in fig. 3.33b.

3 –Take two of the hexagonal-head screws included in the kit, and fasten them at the top of the case-L unit (fig. 3.33c, step “1”) by using the torque key: while fastening the screws, take care to leave the space required to hang the L-case to the plates. Fasten the screws further only after hanging the L-case. Then take the other two hexagonal screws (included) and use them to fasten the bottom sides of the unit to the bottom side of the plates (see fig. 3.33c, step “2”).

4 – Fix a splice holder (not included) inside the proper splice tray (not included; fig. 3.32).

Makes the splices between the

fiberoptics patchcords coming from the

ac or -48Vdc, depending on the power

Fig. 3.32: (a) Splice tray. (b) Inside of the

splice tray, with the splice holder properly

positioned.

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

6

TFAx

CaseL

Case-L remote unit and the fiberoptics cables which go to the local units. House the optical splices inside the splice holder. Close the splice tray. During these operations, please take care not to bend the fibres too much. Mount the splice tray beside the remote unit.

5 -Turn the key which is provided in order to open the connector cover, and remove the connector cover as in fig. 3.33e. If you need to use the Remote Unit to control alarms on external devices, please refer to fig. 3.30 and to the section “external alarms” in order to perform a proper cabling of the external alarms connections. 6 - Loosen the four screws fixing the cover (fig. 3.33f), and take the cover off. Unscrew the three screws indicated in fig. 3.33g, and open the unit (3.33h).

7 - Connect the antenna RF cable to the RF antenna port (refer to fig. 3.33i). In order to meet the IP65 compliance, please follow this procedure to carry out the optical UL / DL connections. During these operations, take care not to bend the fibers too much.

• Take off the PG13,5 Nut, the split-seal, the PG 13,5, and the pipe

connection.

• Make the optical patchcord pass through the PG 13, 5 nut, the PG 13,5 and

the pipe connection. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors to the

corresponding UL and DL adapters the unit.

• Screw the pipe connection to the unit. Fasten the PG 13,5 to the pipe

connection.

• House the fiber optic cables (Ul and DL) on one half of the split-seal.

• Close the two halves of the split-seal, while paying attention not to stretch

the fibers.

• Insert the split-seal inside the PG13,5. Screw the PG 13,5 nut onto the PG

13,5.

8 - Connect the Power cable to the power connector. In case the power cable has been connected to the mains, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the RED led will turn off as soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start-up of the whole system, please refer to the

section ”TFAx Case L start-up”).

9 - Close the cover, and fasten the 3 screws indicated in fig. 3.33g. Fasten the 4 screws indicated in fig. 3.33f. Mount both the external cover and the connector cover. Turn the key to close the connector cover.

TFAx Case-L start-up

Before the Case-L remote unit is switched on, make sure that:

• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other

with RF jumpers, according to the system design

• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its remote units

• each remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

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User Manual

For a correct system start-up, all the remote units have to be switched on before the master unit.

Once the Case-L Remote Unit has been switched on, its behaviour could be checked by turning the key, removing the connector cover, and looking at the control LEDs. When the system starts-up, their status can be summarised as per the following steps.

1. When the remote unit is turned on, both the LEDs turn on for a

couple of seconds.

2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper

power supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the TFLN master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).

3. Once the TFLN master unit has been switched on, the status of both

LEDs have to be the one reported in table 3.7 In case the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section.

4. Once it has been switched on, the remote unit starts working

correctly. Anyway, in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, (whose duration depends on the system complexity, and which can last at max. 4min) the TFLN LED ┌┘ blinks. Do not

connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in no identification

of the remote unit.

: if then discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT

Note or the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

TFAx Case-L troubleshooting

Faults can be revealed by LEDs on the Case L front panel as well as by the LMT software or the TSUN supervision system. Both the LMT software and the TSUN supervision interface provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when the failure detection is directly carried out through the LMT software or the supervision system.

Britecell Plus modules are designed in order to exchange information each other: each remote unit can receive failure notifications from their external equipment through dry-contact connections. Moreover, each TFAx constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit, so as to control optical losses. Table 3.8 shows a brief description of the alarms related to a Case L remote unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault.

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

69

TFAx

CaseL

Fig. 3.33 (a): Side plates to be taken down from the case L remote unit

356,50

150

Fig. 3.33 (b): Layout for the installation of the case L remote unit plates

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User Manual

1

p

1

2

TFAx

CaseL

Fig. 3.33 (c): When fastening the upper screws (1), leave the space required in order to hang the case (2) to the plates which have just been fixed to the wall

Fig. 3.33 (d): After hanging the case to the

lates fixed to the walls, fasten the lower

screws.

Fig. 3.33 (e): Open the connector cover

MN024-08

71

-

TFAx

CaseL

Fig. 3.33 (f): loosen the four screws and remove the external cover

Fig. 3.33 (i): Detail of theUL / DL optical connections meeting IP65 requirements.

Split-seal

Fig. 3.33 (g): after removing the external cover, loosen the three screws

Fig. 3.33 (h): open the cover of TFAx Case

L

72

Optical DL

PG13,5

PG13,5-Nut

Optical UL

pipe connection

User Manual

ALARM

CODE

(TSUN

description)

DL optical power

AGC out of range

External 1 alarm

External 2 alarm

Power supply alarm

Internal BUS alarm

Temperature alarm

DL UMTS band alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

The DL received optical power is too low and can no more be compensated by

1

AGC The DL received optical power experiences a loss > 3dB, which nevertheless can still be compensated Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 1 Alarm on the device connected on drycontact 2

UPS HW failure or malfunction. RF is turned OFF

A malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalities

Over-temperature alarm

HW failure on the DL UMTS band RF section

1

ACTIVE

LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED MAJOR

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

NONE MINOR

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ACTION

RECOMMENDED

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external device or alarm connection Check the external PSU. If it works properly, return the unit

Check ventilation and environment

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

MAJOR

MINOR

Table 3.8: Description of the alarms of the TFAN Case-B Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

As table shows, not all the alarms are revealed by the LEDs placed on the remote unit control panel: in fact, LEDs reveal only major alarms (i.e., the high priority ones), whereas the minor alarms (i.e., the low priority ones) are revealed only by the LMT software or through the TSUN supervision system. The minor alarms usually detect critical situations which should be checked so as to avoid future possible system faults.

1

Note: Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB- 4dB range, the AGC is said to be “out of range”: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The DL power LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand

what problem occurred

.

Quick troubleshooting procedure

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.34a) In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

73

TFAx

CaseL

5. First of all, refer to external alarm troubleshooting in order to understand

whether the alarm can depend on any external equipment failure or not.

6. In case external alarm troubleshooting has not revealed any failure, clean

the optical adapters

7. If the problem still persists, refer to the fibre optic DL troubleshooting to

check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.

8. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a

new one or contact for assistance.

External-alarm troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.34b) This procedure needs to be considered if at least one external alarm terminal is connected to some external equipment (see section “external alarms”). If not, return to main troubleshooting procedure. These steps aim to detect any failure inside the external equipment or inside the external alarm terminal. If the external alarm terminals don’t reveal any equipment malfunction or any terminal failure, return to the main troubleshooting procedure. For any external alarm terminal connected to some external equipment, follow these steps:

4. Disconnect it, and check the TFAx LED status after the disconnection.

5. If the red LED has switched off, external equipment connected to the

alarm terminal should be faulty. Please test it.

6. If the TFAx red LED still remains on after the disconnection, measure the

voltage between the poles of the alarm terminal.

c. If the poles of the alarm terminal are electrically closed, the circuit

board should have any problem. Contact the manufacturer for assistance.

d. If the poles of the alarm terminal are open, this means neither the

analysis of this alarm terminal nor the one of its external equipment has revealed any failure. Re-connect this alarm terminal to its external equipment. In case the TFAx has another alarm terminal connected to some external equipment and still to be checked, apply the whole procedure (i.e,, the steps 1-3) to this still unchecked terminal.

Fibre optic DL troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.34c)

1. Check if there is any point where fibre experiences a short radius of

curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid

sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If

TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried

out. Otherwise, follow next steps.

2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fibre ends. In

case they are not, fix better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red

LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow

next steps.

3. Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it better at both ends then clean

the SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Re-connect the

74

User Manual

fibre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED

N

switch off, follow next steps.

4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port, and

measure the output power P

(DL) at the corresponding fibre end. Then,

OUT

go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port and measure the input power P port. Calculate the DL fibre attenuation A

(DL)

P

OUT

c. If A

> 4dB, then the fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it

DL

(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL

IN

as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) –

DL

with a new one.

d. If A

< 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem.

DL

Refer to supervision system or contact assistance.

Is the red LED

ON upon the

TFAx?

Yes

No

Verify if any external equipment

or any external alarm terminal

has some problems. Refer to

external alarm troubleshooting

(fig.3.34b)

Is red LED upon

TFAx still ON?

Yes

o

Clean the SC-APC

optical adapters and

connectors

Is red LED upon

TFAx still ON?

Yes

Optical cable or optical connections

are supposed to have problems on

DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL

troubleshooting (fig. 3.34c)

o

Fig. 3.34a: Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure on

Case LTFAx

end

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

75

TFAx

CaseL

start

terminal connected to

Is any

external alarm

some equipment?

No

Yes

Disconnect the

external alarm

terminal

Is red LED

upon TFAx

still ON?

Yes

No

External equipment

connected to this

external alarm terminal

should be faulty. Test it.

Measure voltage between the two poles of this external alarm terminal

Is terminal

electrically closed?

Yes

No

The circuit board should have some problems. Contact

the manufacturer

for assistance.

The analisys on this alarm

terminal and its external

equipment has not revealed

any failure.

Re-connect this alarm terminal

to its external equipment.

terminal connected to

Is the

other external alarm

some equipment?

Yes

No

end

Picture. 3.34b: Flow-chart describing the external alarm troubleshooting on Case L TFAx

76

User Manual

N

es

NoYes

N

es

N

t

N

es

No

es

start

Are SC-APC

connectors properly

installed at both fibre

ends?

Disconnect fibre optic and clean it at both ends.

Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port

Measure the output power

at corresponding fibre end.

Calculate DL fibre attenuation

[dB]=input power - output powe r

A

DL

Is ADL > 4dB?

Fig. 3.34c: Flow-chart describing the fibre optic DL troubleshooting

Is there any

point where the

fibre experiences

a small radius of

curvature?

o

Y

Clean optical SC-APC ports on both TFL and remote uni

Go to TFLN side.

Y

Yes

Fix better SC-APC connectors

is the red LED

upon TFAx

still ON?

.

Fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it.

Troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem. Refer to supervision system or contact assistance

Rearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary replace the optical cable with a longer one.

Y

Disconnect optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port.

Measure the input power

coming out of the TFLN DL port.

Is the red LED upon the TFAx

still ON?

Reconnect the fibre to relevant ports

Is red LED

upon remote

unit still ON?

o

end

TFAx

CaseL

MN024-08

77

TFAx

CaseL

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User Manual

3.5. Case F remote unit

Dimensions and Weight

Dimensions: mm. 564 x 255 x 167 (inches 21.5 x 10 x 8.1)

Weight: please refer to the Britecell

Plus bulletin PA-100595EN or to the remote unit dedicated bulletin in order to know the updated data about the weight

of your case-F remote unit.

(a)

Module name:

Remote Unit

TFAH

Case F

Fig. 3.35: (a) Case F remote unit ; (b) connection panel of the Case F remote unit

GREEN LED = power on

TFAx

CaseF

MN024-08

DL aux RF port UL aux RF port

RF antenna port

(b)

RED LED = major alarm

DL optical port UL optical port Power supply

79

F

TFAx

CaseF

RF ports:

Optical ports:

• 1 RF antenna port, transmitting/receiving signals to/from

distributed antennas. This RF antenna port is a duplexed N-female connectors. The port can be connected to the antenna either directly (ie. through RF jumper cables) or through splitters, thus allowing more antennas to be fed.

• 1 RF auxiliary input and 1 RF auxiliary output (designed to

receive and transmit additional signals). Auxiliary input and output ports are SMA-female connectors.

• 1 optical output port, transmitting UL signals to TFLN

master optical TRX;

• 1 optical input port, receiving DL signals from TFLN

master optical TRX.

Visual alarms:

Two control LEDs are provided on the Case-F upper side (fig. 3.36). The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major Remote Unit failures (fig. 3.9).

Fig. 3.36 : LED panel on

the Case

warm side

Led colour

Red

Green Power supply OK

Meaning

Low optical power at DL input and/or RF amplifier failure

Table 3.9: summary of Case F

LEDs meaning

External alarms

Case F architecture does not provide any external alarms control.

Power supply:

Case-F remote Unit is available in two versions: one feeded by universal mains (85 to 265 Vac), the other by negative power supply (-72 to -36 Vdc): in figure 3.37, the 85/220 Vac connector and the -72/-36 Vdc connector are described. Power feeder is always internal. The power cable is always included in the Case-F remote unit kit.

80

User Manual

PE

1 2

4 6

85/264Vac Connector

PE: ground 1: N 2: L

(a)

-36/-72Vdc Connector

4: 0V 6: -48V

Figure 3.37 : (a) 85/264 Vac and (b) -36/-72 Vdc connectors on a Case-F Remote Unit

(b)

Warnings (to be read before remote units are installed)

Dealing with optical output ports

The Case-F remote unit contains semiconductor lasers. Invisible laser beams may be emitted from the optical output ports. Do not look towards the optical ports while equipment is switched on.

Choosing a proper installation site for the remote units

• Case-F remote units have to be installed as close as possible to the

radiating antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length, thus reducing downlink power loss and uplink noise figure.

• When positioning the Case-F remote unit, pay attention that the placing of

related antennas should be decided in order to minimize the Minimum Coupling Loss (MLC), so as to avoid blocking.

• The Case-F remote unit is intended to be fixed on walls or other flat vertical

surfaces.

Handling optical connections

• When inserting an optical connector, take care to handle it so smoothly

that the optical fibre is not damaged. Optical fibres are to be single-mode (SM) 9.5/125µm.

• Typically, Britecell Plus equipment is provided with SC-APC optical

connectors (other connectors may be provided on request). Inserting any other connectors will result in severe damages.

• Do not force or stretch the fibre pigtail with radius of curvature less than

5cm. See rightward figure for optimal fibre cabling.

• Remove the adapter caps only just before making connections. Do not

leave any SC-APC adapter open, as they attract dirt. Unused optical connectors must always be covered with their caps.

• Do not touch the connector tip. Clean it with a proper tissue before

inserting each connector into the sleeve. In case connector tips need to be cleaned, use pure ethyl alcohol.

TFAx

CaseF

MN024-08

81

(a)

(b)

TFAx

CaseF

TFAx Case-F installation

Each case-F Remote Unit kit includes:

• 1 Case-F Remote Unit;

• 1 power supply cable (85 to 264 V

supply which has been chosen);

• 1 pair of mounting plates;

• 1 screw kit, including four hexagonal-head screws and a torque key.

The operations which need to be carried out in order to perform a proper installation of the Case-F Remote Unit are hereby described:

1- Drill the wall to install four M8 screws anchors (not included) as indicated by the installation drawing shown in fig. 3.39a. Fix the two mounting plates to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

2 –Take two of the hexagonal-head screws included in the kit, and fasten them at the top of the case-F unit (fig. 3.39b, step “1”) by using the torque key: while fastening the screws, take care to leave the space required to hang the case-F to the plates (fig. 3.39b, step “2”).. Fasten the screws further only after hanging the case-F. Then take the other two hexagonal screws (included) and use them to fasten the bottom sides of the unit to the bottom side of the plates (fig. 3.39b, step “3”).

3 – Fix a splice holder (not included) inside the proper splice tray (not included, fig. 3.38). Makes the splices between the fiberoptics patchcords coming from the Case-F remote unit and the fiberoptics cables which go to the local units. House the optical splices inside the splice holder. Close the splice tray. During these operations, please take care not to bend the fibres too much. Fix the splice tray inside a splice box (not included), and mount the splice box beside the remote unit.

4 - Use the torque key in order to loose the four screws fixing the cover (fig.

3.39c), and open the unit. Connect the antenna RF cable to the RF antenna port. Connect the UL and DL optical connectors to the corresponding UL and DL adapters on the unit. Connect the Power cable to the power connector. In case the power cable has been connected to the mains, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on. The green LED will remain on to indicate that the unit is powered on, while the RED led will turn off as soon as the local unit will be switched on (for further details about the start-up of the whole system, please refer to the section ”TFAx

ac or -48Vdc, depending on the power

Fig. 3.38: (a) Splice tray. (b) Inside of the

splice tray, with the splice holder properly

positioned.

82

User Manual

Case F start-up”).

5 - Close the unit, and fasten the 4 screws indicated in fig. 3.39c by using the torque key.

TFAx Case F start-up

Before the Case-F remote unit is switched on, make sure that:

• the modules hosted in the master unit have been connected each other

with RF jumpers, according to the system design

• every TFLN master optical TRX has been connected to its remote units

• each remote unit has been connected to its coverage antennas

For a correct system start-up, all the remote units have to be switched on before the master unit.

Once the Case-F Remote Unit has been switched on, its behaviour could be checked by unscrewing the four hexagonal screws (see fig on the sides of the case-F), removing the cover, and looking at the control LEDs. When the system starts-up, their status can be summarised as per the following steps.

1. When the remote unit is turned on, both the LEDs turn on for a couple

of seconds.

2. After that, the unit green LED remains on (thus indicating proper power

supply), while the red LED switches off as soon as the TFLN master unit is turned on (meaning that DL optical power is OK and no alarms are present).

3. Once the TFLN master unit has been switched on, the status of both

LEDs have to be the one reported in table 3.9. If the red LED remains on, please refer to the troubleshooting section.

4. Once it has been switched on, the remote unit starts working correctly.

Anyway, in order to be recognized by the supervision management system, it is necessary for the corresponding TFLN master optical TRX to carry out the discovery phase (please refer to Supervision System Manual for more details). During this phase, (whose duration depends on the system complexity, and which can last at max. 4min) the TFLN LED ┌┘ blinks. Do not connect/disconnect any cable or any piece of equipment during the discovery phase! This may result in no identification of the remote unit.

: if then discovery doesn’t start automatically, check through the LMT or

Note the remote supervision whether it has been disabled (refer to LMT or remote supervision system manuals for further information).

TFAx

CaseF

MN024-08

83

(

TFAx

CaseF

Fig. 3.39 (a) : layout for the installation of the Case F plates

1

2

3

Fig. 3.39 (b) : while fastening the two hexagonal screws to the top of the case (step “2”), take care to leave the space required to hang the case to the plates (step “2”) Then fasten the other two hexagonal screws to the bottom of the case

step “3”)

3

84

User Manual

p

Fig. 3.39 (c) : loose the four screws fixing the cover and open the unit

TFAx

CaseF

Fig. 3.39 (d) : supply, optical and RF connections on the TFAx Case F

ower

RF antenna port

Power supply

DL optical port UL optical port

MN024-08

85

TFAx Case F troubleshooting

Faults can be revealed by LEDs on the Remote Unit (RU) front panel as well

as by LMT or supervision system (running on the remote supervision unit) Both LMT and supervision system provide full information about the device causing the alarm. As a consequence, troubleshooting procedure can be very immediate when the failure detection is directly carried out through LMT or supervision system. Britecell Plus modules are designed in order to exchange information each other: each RU constantly monitors the optical signal received from its TFLN unit, so as to control optical losses. Table 3.8 shows a brief description of the alarms related to a Case L remote unit, with a reference to the corresponding alerted LEDs and to the actions to be carried out in the case of a fault.

TFAx

CaseF

ALARM CODE

(TSUN

description)

DL optical power

AGC out of range

DL low band alarm (not implemented on TFAH 19) DL high band alarm (not implemented on TFAH 80 and TFAH 85)

Power supply alarm

Internal BUS alarm

Temperature alarm

ALARM

DESCRIPTION

The DL received optical power is too low and can no more be compensated by

1

AGC The DL received optical power experiences a loss > 3dB, which nevertheless can still be compensated

HW failure on the DL RF low band

HW failure on the UL RF low band

UPS HW failure or malfunction. RF is turned OFF A malfunctioning on the digital part involves a fault in monitoring functionalities

Over-temperature alarm

1

ACTIVE

LED

RED MAJOR

NONE WARNING

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

RED MAJOR Return the unit MAJOR

RED CRITICAL Return the unit MAJOR

NONE MINOR

SUPERVISION

PRIORITY

LEVEL

ACTION

RECOMMENDE

D

Check the DL fibre and the TFLN laser status

Clean optical connectors

Check ventilation and environment

Table 3.10. Description of the alarmi of the TFAx Case F Remote Unit, as they are presented on LMT or Supervision Interface

RELÉ

PRIORITY

LEVEL

(subrack)

MAJOR

MINOR

As table shows, not all the alarms are revealed by the LEDs placed on the remote unit control panel: in fact, LEDs reveal only major alarms (i.e., the high priority ones), whereas the minor alarms (i.e., the low priority ones) are revealed only by the LMT software or through the TSUN supervision system. The minor alarms usually detect critical situations which should be checked so as to avoid future possible system faults.

1

Note:

86

User Manual

Each remote unit is provided with an AGC system which comes in after the optical-to-RF conversion. This AGC can correctly compensate optical losses when these are estimated to be <3 dB. In case optical losses are in the 3dB- 4dB range, the AGC is said to be “out of range”: the whole system still work, but AGC is near to its borderline levels. The DL power LED switches on when the estimated optical losses are >4dB, the AGC not being able to compensate these losses any more. As shown in the previous table, the same red LED switches on to reveal any major failure. Following the troubleshooting procedure reported hereinafter it is possible to better understand

what problem occurred

.

Quick troubleshooting procedure

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.40a) In case the red LED is ON, please follow these steps:

1. First of all, clean the optical adapters

2. If the problem still persists, refer to the fibre optic DL troubleshooting to

check if optical cables or optical connections have any problem on DL path.

3. If previous actions didn’t make the LED switch off replace the unit with a

new one or contact for assistance.

Fibre optic DL troubleshooting

(The following procedure is summarized by the flow-chart in fig. 3.40b)

1. Check if there is any point where fibre experiences a short radius of

curvature. In this case, rearrange the optical path in order to avoid sharp bends (if necessary, replace the optical cable with a longer one). If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successfully carried out. Otherwise, follow next steps.

2. Check if SC-APC connectors are properly installed at both fibre ends. In

case they are not, fix better SC-SPC connectors to adapters. If TFLN red LED switches off, troubleshooting has been successful. Otherwise, follow next steps.

3. Disconnect the optical fibre and clean it better at both ends then clean the

SC-APC ports on both the TFLN and the remote unit. Re-connect the fibre to relevant ports after cleaning. If it doesn’t made TFLN red LED switch off, follow next steps.

4. Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port, and

measure the output power P

(DL) at the corresponding fibre end. Then,

OUT

go to the TFLN side, disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port and measure the input power P Calculate the DL fibre attenuation A

a. If A

> 4dB, then the fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it

DL

(DL) coming out of the TFLN DL port.

IN

as ADL [dB] = PIN(DL) – P

DL

OUT

(DL)

with a new one.

b. If A

< 4dB troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem.

DL

Refer to supervision system or contact assistance.

TFAx

CaseF

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87

N

start

Is the

red LED ON

upon the TFAx

o

?

Yes

Clean the SC-APC

optical adapters and

connectors

Is the red LED

upon the TFAx

still ON?

o

Optical cable or optical connections

are supposed to have problems on

DL path. Refer to fibre optic DL

troubleshooting (fig. 3.40b)

Picture. 3.40(a): Flow-chart describing the quick troubleshooting procedure on Case F TFAx

Yes

end

TFAx

CaseF

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User Manual

N

es

No

N

es

N

t

es

NoYes

start

Are SC-APC

connectors properly

installed at both fibre

ends?

Yes

Disconnect fibre optic and clean it at both ends.

Disconnect the optical SC-APC connector from remote unit DL port

Measure the output power

at corresponding fibre end.

Calculate DL fibre attenuation

[dB]=input power - output powe r

A

DL

Is ADL > 4dB?

Fig. 3.40(b): Flow-chart describing the fibre optic DL troubleshooting

Is there any

point where the

fibre experiences

a small radius of

curvature?

o

Y

Clean optical SC-APC ports on both TFL and remote uni

Go to TFLN side.

Yes

Rearrange the optical path to avoid sharp bends. If necessary replace the optical cable with a longer one.

Y

Is the red LED

upon the TFAx

still ON?

Fix better SC-APC connectors

Is the red LED

upon the TFAx

still ON?

Reconnect the fibre to relevant ports

.

Y

Is the red LED upon the TFAx

Disconnect optical SC-APC connector from TFLN DL port.

Measure the input power

coming out of the TFLN DL port.

Fibre optic cable has some problems. Replace it.

Troubleshooting procedure has not identified the problem. Refer to supervision system or contact assistance

still ON?

o

No

end

TFAx

CaseF

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3.6. Wi-Fi Booster TFBWx

TFBW

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User Manual

Module name:

Description

Britecell Plus system allows to distribute the WLAN services (802.11b and g) through the auxiliary channels of the remote units, while concentrating all the Access Points together with the Master Unit. The TFBW booster has to be connected to the remote unit auxiliary ports and to a pair of WLAN dedicated antennas (one transmitting and the other one receiving).

Moreover, an additional Wi-Fi booster (slave TFBW) can be cascaded to the first one (master TFBW) so as to obtain a larger WLAN coverage.

Wi-Fi booster

TFBWx

RF ports

• 1 DL RF auxiliary input port for the signal from TFLN

• 1 DL RF auxiliary output port for the signal to a TFBW slave

• 1 TX antenna port

• 1 UL RF auxiliary input port for the signal from a TFBW slave

• 1 UL RF auxiliary output port for the signal to TFLN

• 1 RX antenna port

boosters.

DL RF port (N-f),

connected to a TFAx

or to the master TFBW

MASTER/SLAVE

dip-switch

UL RF port (N-f),

connected to a TFAx

or to the master TFBW

TFBW

Power

supply

DL AUX

Fig. 3. 41 (a). TFBW booster: Front view

UL AUX

alarm output

port

RX antenna (N-f) RX antenna (N-f) TX antenna (N-f)

Fig. 3. 41 (b). TFBW booster: back view

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91

TFBW

Dimensions and weights

Dimensions: mm 38 x 240 x 200 (inches 1.5 x 9.4 x 7.9)

Weight: please refer to Bulletin PA-100596EN in order to know the updated data about the TFBW weight.

Visual alarms:

Two control LEDs are provided on the TFBW front side (fig.3.42). The green LED describes the power supply status, while the red LED describes the major booster failures.

GREEN LED: power on RED LED: major alarm

Fig. 3.42: LED alarms on the TFBW warm side

Dry contact alarms:

TFBW is provided with an alarm output port (fig. 3.41), which can be connected to one of the dry-contacts ports available on TFAx remote units. When a TFBW booster is been connected to the relevant TFAx remote unit through dry-contact ports, any major alarm affecting the TFBW booster will be conveyed to the remote unit itself, and signalled by the red LED both on the TFBW warm side (fig. 3.42), and on the TFAx remote unit. Moreover, the LMT software and the TSUN supervision interface (please refer to TFBW troubleshhoting) will consider any TFBW major alarm as an external alarm of the TFAx remote unit the TFBW booster is connected to.

Power supply:

TFBW WLAN booster is available both in a universal mains version (85 to 265 Vac powered: fig. 3.43a) and in a negative supply version (-72 to -36 Vdc powered: fig. 3.43b). The power consumption of each TFWB module is 16W max.

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User Manual

p

Warnings (to be read before the TFBW booster is installed)

Choosing a proper installation site for the WLAN booster

• WLAN boosters are to be installed as close as possible to the radiating

antennas, in order to minimize coaxial cable length.

• When positioning the TFBW booster, consider that the position of the

related antennas should guarantee at least a 50dB isolation between the antennas and the booster itself

• The TFBW booster is intended to be fixed on walls, false ceilings or other

flat vertical surfaces

Fig. 3.43 : (a) IEC connector on the rear side of a 220V

owered TFBW booster. (b) 4-pole connector on the rear side of a -48 V

-powered TFBW

-

ac

dc

(a) (b)

TFBW installation and start-up

The TFBW booster can be fixed on walls, false ceilings or other flat vertical surfaces, either directly or through a TKA01 installation kit (optional).

Installing a TFBW booster WITHOUT the TKA01 kit

The TFBW kit includes:

• 1 TFBW booster

• 2 50Ω SMA loads

• 2 RF jumpers (SMA-m; N-m), 1m-long

• 1 alarm cable, 1m-long

• mains plug or -48 Vdc plug (according to the chosen model).

To install the TFBW booster, please follow the next steps:

1. drill into the wall so as to install four M4 screw anchors (not included)

according to the dimensions indicated by the installation drawing in fig.

3.45a.

TFBW

2. fix the TFBW booster to the wall by firmly screwing the anchors.

3. connect the RF cables according to what planned by the designer. Use a

specific torque wrench to fix each cable to the relevant ports.

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93

4. connect the TFBW to the power supply. If the TFBW booster works

properly, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on for a while and then switch off. If the LED red does not switches off, please contact the manufacturer.

After installing the booster, please refer to the section TFBW booster start-up

in order to start-up the system properly.

Installing a TFBW booster WITH the TKA01 kit

The TFBW kit includes:

1. a TFBW booster

2. a 50 Ω load

3. a VDE connector or a -48 Vdc plug (according

to the chosen model)

TFBW

The TKA01 kit includes (please refer to fig. 3.44)

:

A. 4 screw anchors (fixing the wall

bearing to the wall)

B. 5 screw anchors (fixing the TFAx

case A to the wall mounting box “C”)

C. A wall mounting boc D. a splice holder (pleased note that

this standard TKA01 accessory is not used for mounting the TFBW booster, since it has no optical

Fig. 3.44: The TKA01 installation kit

Once you have chosen the position where the TKA01 mounting case is going to be mounted, please follow these instructions:

1. Unscrew the 4 screws which lock the lower cover of the TKA01 wall

bearing (see fig. 3.46a)

2. In order to install the M4 screw anchors (included) which shall hold up the

TKA01 wall bearing, drill into the wall according to the TKA layout shown in fig. 3.45b.

3. Fix the TKA01 wall bearing by firmly screwing the anchors.

4. Fix the TFBW booster to the wall bearing by using the included screws

(fig. 3.46b).

5. Connect the RF cables coming from the transmitting and the receiving

antennas to the proper RF antenna ports (fig. 3.41b). Connect the UL and DL RF ports (fig.3.41a, 3.46c). If the TFBW booster works as a master unit and supports a slave one, connect also the DL and UL AUX ports.

6. Connect the alarm output port (fig. 3.41a) if you want the major alarms

on the TFBW booster could be checked through the relevant remote unit

94

User Manual

and controlled through the LMT software or through the TSUN supervision interface.

7. If the booster -48 Vdc powered (fig., use the -48 Vdc plug (included) in

order to connect the unit to the -48 Vdc mains. If the booster is 85/264 Vac-powered, fix the 85/264 Vac plug (included) on to a power cord (not included), and use this cable in order to connect the unit to the mains. If the TFBW booster works properly, both the green and the red LEDs should turn on for a while and then switch off. If the LED red does not switches off, please contact the manufacturer.

Fix the lower cover by fastening the 4 screws (fig.3.12f).

TFBW booster troubleshooting

The red LED on the TFBW warm side (fig. 3.45) reveals a power amplifier bias fault. If such a fault occurs, the alert notification is signalled also by the switching on of the red LED on the relevant TFAx remote unit, provided that the TFBW alarm output port has been properly connected to the TFAx external alarm connector (fig. 3.46).

If controlled through the LMT software or through the TSUN supervision interface, the TFBW power amplifier fault appears as an external alarm of the TFAx remote unit to which its alarm output port is connected. Please refer to the LMT or to the TSUN supervision manual for further details.

When the TFBW power amplifier fault is signalled by the red LED on the TFBW booster and on its relevant remote unit, or by the LMT software or the TSUN interface, please contact the manufacturer.

TFBW

MN024-08

95

TFBW

Fig. 3.45 (a): Layout of the TFBW booster, with wall anchor quotes

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User Manual

Fig. 3.45 (b): Layout of the TKA01 wall bearing, with wall anchor quotes

TFBW

MN024-08

97

(a)

(b)

TFBW

(c)

Fig. 3.46: Mounting the TFBW booster with a TKA01 installation kit.

(d)

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User Manual

Andrew Wireless Innovations Group MN024-08 User Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual