The AAT3220 PowerLinear™ NanoPower Low
Dropout Linear Regulator is ideal for portable applications where extended battery life is critical. This
device features extremely low quiescent current
which is typically 1.1µA. Dropout voltage is also
very low, typically less than 225mV at the maximum output current of 150mA. The AAT3220 has
output short circuit and over current protection. In
addition, the device also has an over temperature
protection circuit, which will shutdown the LDO regulator during extended over current events.
The AAT3220 is available in a space saving SOT-23
package or a SOT-89 for applications requiring
increased power dissipation. The device is rated
over a -40°C to 85°C temperature range. Since only
a small, 1µF ceramic output capacitor is required,
often the only space used is that occupied by the
AAT3220 itself. The AAT3220 is truly a compact and
cost effective voltage conversion solution.
The AAT3221/2 is a similar product for this application, especially when a shutdown mode is
required for further power savings.
PowerLinear
Features
•1.1 µA Quiescent Current
•Low Dropout: 200 mV (typ)
•Guaranteed 150mA Output
•High accuracy: ±2.0%
•Current limit protection
•Over-Temperature protection
•Low Temperature Coefficient
•Factory programmed output voltages:
1.8V to 3.5V
•Stable operation with virtually any output
capacitor type
•3-pin SOT-89 and SOT-23 packages
•4kV ESD Rating
Applications
•Cellular Phones
•Notebook Computers
•Portable Communication Devices
•Handheld Electronics
•Remote Controls
•Digital Cameras
•PDAs
™
Typical Application
INPUTOUTPUT
IN
OUT
AAT3220
GND
GNDGND
3220.2001.09.1.0 1
Pin Descriptions
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
Pin #
SOT23-3SOT-89
11GNDGround connection
32V
23OUTOutput - should be decoupled with 1µF or greater
N/AN/ANCNot connected
Pin Configuration
SOT-23-3SOT-89
(Top View)(Top View)
GND
OUT
SymbolFunction
IN
1
3
IN
2
Input - should be decoupled with 1µF or greater
capacitor
output capacitor
3
OUT
2
IN
1
GND
23220.2001.09.1.0
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
Absolute Maximum Ratings (T
=25°C unless otherwise noted)
A
SymbolDescriptionValueUnits
V
IN
I
OUT
T
J
T
LEAD
V
ESD
Note: Stresses above those listed in Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. Functional operation at conditions other than the operating conditions specified is not implied. Only one Absolute Maximum rating should be applied at any one time.
Note 1: Human body model is a 100pF capacitor discharged through a 1.5kW resistor into each pin.
Input Voltage-0.3 to 6V
DC Output CurrentPD/(VIN-VO)mA
Operating Junction Temperature Range-40 to 150°C
Maximum Soldering Temperature (at leads, 10 sec)300°C
ESD Rating1— HBM4000V
Thermal Information
SymbolDescriptionRatingUnits
Θ
JA
P
D
Note 2: Mounted on a demo board.
Maximum Thermal Resistance (SOT-23-3)
Maximum Thermal Resistance (SOT-89)
Maximum Power Dissipation (SOT-23-3)
Maximum Power Dissipation (SOT-89)
2
2
2
2
200°C/W
50°C/W
500mW
2W
Recommended Operating Conditions
SymbolDescriptionRatingUnits
V
IN
TAmbient Temperature Range-40 to +85°C
Input Voltage(V
+0.34) to 5.5V
OUT
3220.2001.09.1.0 3
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
Electrical Characteristics (V
IN=VOUT(NOM)
+1V, I
=1mA, C
OUT
=1µF, TA=25°C unless otherwise
OUT
noted)
SymbolDescriptionConditionsMinTypMaxUnits
V
OUT
I
OUT
I
SC
I
Q
∆V
OUT/VOUT
∆V
OUT/VOUT
V
DO
PSRRPower Supply Rejection Ratio100 Hz50dB
T
SD
T
HYS
e
N
T
C
Note 1: VDOis defined as VIN- V
DC Output Voltage Tolerance-2.02.0%
Output CurrentV
Short Circuit CurrentV
> 1.2V150mA
OUT
< 0.4V350mA
OUT
Ground CurrentVIN= 5V, no load1.12.5µA
Line RegulationVIN= 4.0-5.5V0.150.4%/V
V
= 1.81.01.65
OUT
V
= 2.00.91.60
OUT
V
= 2.30.81.45
OUT
V
= 2.40.81.40
OUT
V
= 2.50.81.35
OUT
Load RegulationIL=1 to 100mAV
Dropout Voltage
1
I
= 100mAV
OUT
= 2.70.71.25%
OUT
V
= 2.80.71.20
OUT
V
= 2.850.71.20
OUT
V
= 3.00.61.15
OUT
V
= 3.30.51.00
OUT
V
= 3.50.51.00
OUT
V
= 1.8290340
OUT
V
= 2.0265315
OUT
V
= 2.3230275
OUT
V
= 2.4220265
OUT
V
= 2.5210255
OUT
= 2.7200240mV
OUT
V
= 2.8190235
OUT
V
= 2.85190230
OUT
V
= 3.0190225
OUT
V
= 3.3180220
OUT
V
= 3.5180220
OUT
Over Temp Shutdown Threshold140°C
Over Temp Shutdown Hysteresis20°C
Output Noise10 Hz through 10 kHz350µV
Output Voltage Temp. Coeff.80ppm/°C
OUT
when V
is 98% of nominal.
OUT
4 3220.2001.09.1.0
Typical Characteristics
(Unless otherwise noted: VIN= V
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
+ 1V, TA= 25°C, Output capacitor is 1 µF ceramic, I
OUT
AAT3220
= 40 mA)
OUT
Output Voltage v. Output Current
3.03
3.02
3.01
3
2.99
Outpu t (V)
2.98
2.97
020406080100
80”C
30”C
25”C
Output (mA)
Output Voltage v. Input Voltage
3.03
3.02
3.01
Output (V)
3
1mA
10mA
40mA
Output Voltage v. Input Voltage
3.1
3
2.9
t (V)
2.8
2.7
Outpu
2.6
2.5
2.72.93.13.33.5
1mA
40mA
10mA
Input ( V)
Drop-out Voltage v. Output Current
400
300
80”C
200
100
Drop-out (mV)
-30”C
25”C
2.99
3.544.555.5
Input (V)
Supply Current v. Input Voltage
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
A) with No Load
µ
0.4
Input (
0
0123456
80”C
Input ( V)
25”C
-30”C
0
0255075100125150
Output (mA)
PSRR with 10mA Load
60
40
20
PSRR ( dB )
0
1. E + 0 11. E + 0 21. E + 0 31. E + 0 41. E + 0 5
Frequency ( Hz )
3220.2001.09.1.0 5
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
(Unless otherwise noted: VIN= V
OUT
AAT3220 Noise Spectrum
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
Noise ( dBµV/rtHz)
-30
1. E + 0 11. E + 0 21. E + 0 31. E+ 0 41. E + 0 51. E + 0 6
Frequency ( Hz )
Line Response with 10mA Load
3.8
3.6
+ 1V, TA= 25°C, Output capacitor is 1 µF ceramic, I
Line Response with 1mA Load
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
Output Voltage ( V )
2.6
-2000200400600800
Time (µs)
Line Response with 100mA Load
6
5
3.8
3.6
OUT
= 40 mA)
6
5
4
3
2
1
Input Voltage ( V )
0
6
5
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
Output Voltage ( V )
2.6
-2000200400600800
Time (µs)
Load Transient - 1 mA / 40 mA
4
3
Output (V)
2
-10123
Time (ms)
320
240
160
80
0
4
3
2
1
Input Voltage ( V )
0
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
Output Voltage ( V )
2.6
-20 002 00400600800
4
3
2
1
Input Voltage ( V )
0
Time (µs)
Load Transient - 1 mA / 80 mA
320
240
160
80
0
Output (mA)
Output (m A)
4
3
Output (V)
2
-10123
Time (ms)
6 3220.2001.09.1.0
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
(Unless otherwise noted: V
= V
IN
Power Up with 1mA Load
4
3
2
Output (V)
1
0
-1012
Time ( ms)
Power Up with 100mA Load
4
3
2
Output (V)
1
0
-1012
Time (ms)
+ 1V, TA= 25°C, Output capacitor is 1 µF ceramic, I
OUT
Power Up with 10mA Load
5
4
3
2
1
0
Input (V )
-1
-2
-3
5
4
3
2
1
0
Input (V )
-1
-2
-3
4
3
2
Output (V)
1
0
-1012
Time (m s)
OUT
= 40 mA)
5
4
3
2
1
0
Input (V )
-1
-2
-3
3220.2001.09.1.0 7
Functional Block Diagram
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
IN
Over-Current
Protection
Over-Temp
Protection
V
REF
OUT
GND
Functional Description
The AAT3220 is intended for LDO regulator applications where output current load requirements
range from No Load to 150mA.
The advanced circuit design of the AAT3220 has
been optimized for minimum quiescent or ground
current consumption making it ideal for use in power
management systems for small battery operated
devices. The typical quiescent current level is just
1.1µA. The LDO also demonstrates excellent power
supply ripple rejection (PSRR) and load and line
transient response characteristics. The AAT3220 is
a truly high performance LDO regulator especially
well suited for circuit applications which are sensitive
8 3220.2001.09.1.0
to load circuit power consumption and extended battery life.
The LDO regulator output has been specifically
optimized to function with low cost, low ESR
ceramic capacitors. However, the design will allow
for operation with a wide range of capacitor types.
The AAT3220 has complete short circuit and thermal
protection. The integral combination of these two
internal protection circuits give the AAT3220 a comprehensive safety system to guard against extreme
adverse operating conditions. Device power dissipation is limited to the package type and thermal dissipation properties. Refer to the thermal considerations section for details on device operation at maximum output load levels.
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
Applications Information
To assure the maximum possible performance is
obtained from the AAT3220, please refer to the following application recommendations.
Input Capacitor
Typically a 1µF or larger capacitor is recommended
for CINin most applications. A CINcapacitor is not
required for basic LDO regulator operation.
However, if the AAT3220 is physically located any
distance more than a centimeter or two from the
input power source, a CINcapacitor will be needed
for stable operation. CINshould be located as close
to the device VINpin as practically possible. CINvalues greater than 1µF will offer superior input line
transient response and will assist in maximizing the
highest possible power supply ripple rejection.
Ceramic, tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors may be selected for CIN. There is no specific
capacitor ESR requirement for CIN. For 150mA
LDO regulator output operation, ceramic capacitors
are recommended for CINdue to their inherent
capability over tantalum capacitors to withstand
input current surges from low impedance sources
such as batteries in portable devices.
Output Capacitor
For proper load voltage regulation and operational
stability, a capacitor is required between pins V
and GND. The C
LDO regulator ground pin should be made as direct
as practically possible for maximum device performance. The AAT3220 has been specifically
designed to function with very low ESR ceramic
capacitors. Although the device is intended to operate with low ESR capacitors, it is stable over a very
wide range of capacitor ESR, thus it will also work
with some higher ESR tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors. However, for best performance,
ceramic capacitors are recommended.
The value of C
10µF, however 1µF is sufficient for most operating
conditions.
If large output current steps are required by an
application, then an increased value for C
should be considered. The amount of capacitance
needed can be calculated from the step size of the
change in the output load current expected and the
voltage excursion that the load can tolerate.
OUT
capacitor connection to the
OUT
typically ranges from 0.47µF to
OUT
OUT
The total output capacitance required can be calculated using the following formula:
OUT
=
∆I
∆V
× 15µF
C
Where:
∆I = maximum step in output current
∆V = maximum excursion in voltage that the load
can tolerate
Note that use of this equation results in capacitor
values approximately two to four times the typical
value needed for an AAT3220 at room temperature.
The increased capacitor value is recommended if
tight output tolerances must be maintained over
extreme operating conditions and maximum operational temperature excursions. If tantalum or aluminum electrolytic capacitors are used, the capacitor value should be increased to compensate for the
substantial ESR inherent to these capacitor types.
Capacitor Characteristics
Ceramic composition capacitors are highly recommended over all other types of capacitors for use
with the AAT3220. Ceramic capacitors offer many
advantages over their tantalum and aluminum electrolytic counterparts. A ceramic capacitor typically
has very low ESR, is lower cost, has a smaller PCB
footprint and is non-polarized. Line and load transient response of the LDO regulator is improved by
using low ESR ceramic capacitors. Since ceramic
capacitors are non-polarized, they are less prone
to damage if connected incorrectly.
Equivalent Series Resistance (ESR): ESR is a
very important characteristic to consider when
selecting a capacitor. ESR is the internal series
resistance associated with a capacitor, which
includes lead resistance, internal connections,
capacitor size and area, material composition and
ambient temperature. Typically capacitor ESR is
measured in milliohms for ceramic capacitors and
can range to more than several ohms for tantalum
or aluminum electrolytic capacitors.
Ceramic Capacitor Materials: Ceramic capacitors
less than 0.1µF are typically made from NPO or
COG materials. NPO and COG materials are typically tight tolerance and very stable over temperature. Larger capacitor values are typically composed
of X7R, X5R, Z5U or Y5V dielectric materials. Large
3220.2001.09.1.0 9
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
ceramic capacitors, typically greater than 2.2µF are
often available in the low cost Y5V and Z5U dielectrics. These two material types are not recommended for use with LDO regulators since the capacitor
tolerance can vary by more than ±50% over the
operating temperature range of the device. A 2.2µF
Y5V capacitor could be reduced to 1µF over the full
operating temperature range. This can cause problems for circuit operation and stability. X7R and X5R
dielectrics are much more desirable. The temperature tolerance of X7R dielectric is better than ±15%.
Capacitor area is another contributor to ESR.
Capacitors, which are physically large in size will
have a lower ESR when compared to a smaller
sized capacitor of equivalent material and capacitance value. These larger devices can also improve
circuit transient response when compared to an
equal value capacitor in a smaller package size.
Consult capacitor vendor data sheets carefully when
selecting capacitors for use with LDO regulators.
Short Circuit Protection and Thermal
Protection
The AAT3220 is protected by both current limit and
over temperature protection circuitry. The internal
short circuit current limit is designed to activate
when the output load demand exceeds the maximum rated output. If a short circuit condition were
to continually draw more than the current limit
threshold, the LDO regulator's output voltage will
drop to a level necessary to supply the current
demanded by the load. Under short circuit or other
over current operating conditions, the output voltage will drop and the AAT3220's die temperature
will increase rapidly. Once the regulator's power
dissipation capacity has been exceeded and the
internal die temperature reaches approximately
140°C the system thermal protection circuit will
become active. The internal thermal protection circuit will actively turn off the LDO regulator output
pass device to prevent the possibility of over temperature damage. The LDO regulator output will
remain in a shutdown state until the internal die
temperature falls back below the 140°C trip point.
The combination and interaction between the short
circuit and thermal protection systems allow the
LDO regulator to withstand indefinite short circuit
conditions without sustaining permanent damage.
No-Load Stability
The AAT3220 is designed to maintain output voltage regulation and stability under operational noload conditions. This is an important characteristic
for applications where the output current may drop
to zero. An output capacitor is required for stability
under no load operating conditions. Refer to the
output capacitor considerations section for recommended typical output capacitor values.
Thermal Considerations and High
Output Current Applications
The AAT3220 is designed to deliver a continuous
output load current of 150mA under normal operating conditions. The limiting characteristic for the
maximum output load safe operating area is essentially package power dissipation and the internal preset thermal limit of the device. In order to obtain high
operating currents, careful device layout and circuit
operating conditions need to be taken into account.
The following discussions will assume the LDO regulator is mounted on a printed circuit board utilizing
the minimum recommended footprint and the printed circuit board is 0.062 inch thick FR4 material with
one ounce copper.
At any given ambient temperature (TA) the maximum package power dissipation can be determined by the following equation:
P
Constants for the AAT3220 are T
mum junction temperature for the device which is
125°C and Θ
resistance. Typically, maximum conditions are calculated at the maximum operating temperature
where TA= 85°C, under normal ambient conditions
TA= 25°C. Given TA= 85°C, the maximum package power dissipation is 200mW. At TA= 25°C°, the
maximum package power dissipation is 500mW.
The maximum continuous output current for the
AAT3220 is a function of the package power dissipation and the input to output voltage drop across
the LDO regulator. Refer to the following simple
equation:
I
OUT(MAX)
= [T
D(MAX)
= 200°C/W, the package thermal
JA
< P
D(MAX)
J(MAX)
- T
] / Θ
A
J(MAX)
/ (VIN- V
JA
, the maxi-
OUT
)
10 3220.2001.09.1.0
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
For example, if V
I
OUT(MAX)
< 250mA. The output short circuit protec-
= 5V, V
IN
= 3V and TA= 25°,
OUT
tion threshold is set between 150mA and 300mA.
If the output load current were to exceed 250mA or
if the ambient temperature were to increase, the
internal die temperature will increase. If the condition remained constant and the short circuit protection were not to activate, there would be a potential
damage hazard to LDO regulator since the thermal
protection circuit will only activate after a short circuit event occurs on the LDO regulator output.
To figure what the maximum input voltage would be
for a given load current refer to the following equation. This calculation accounts for the total power
dissipation of the LDO Regulator, including that
cause by ground current.
P
D(MAX)
= (VIN- V
OUT)IOUT
+ (VINx I
GND
)
This formula can be solved for VINto determine the
maximum input voltage.
V
IN(MAX)
= (P
D(MAX)
+ (V
OUT
x I
OUT
)) / (I
OUT
+ I
GND
)
The following is an example for an AAT3220 set for
a 3.0 volt output:
From the discussion above, P
D(MAX)
was deter-
mined to equal 417mW at TA= 25°C.
V
= 3.0 volts
OUT
I
= 150mA
OUT
I
= 1.1µA
GND
V
V
=(500mW+(3.0Vx150mA))/(150mA+1.1µA)
IN(MAX)
IN(MAX)
> 5.5V
Thus, the AAT3220 can sustain a constant 3.0V
output at a 150mA load current as long as V
IN
is ≤
5.5V at an ambient temperature of 25°C. 5.5V is
the maximum input operating voltage for the
AAT3220, thus at 25°C, the device would not have
any thermal concerns or operational V
IN(MAX)
limits.
This situation can be different at 85°C. The following is an example for an AAT3220 set for a 3.0 volt
output at 85°C:
From the discussion above, P
D(MAX)
was deter-
mined to equal 200mW at TA= 85°C.
V
= 3.0 volts
OUT
I
= 150mA
OUT
I
= 1.1µA
GND
V
V
=(200mW+(3.0Vx150mA))/(150mA+1.1µA)
IN(MAX)
= 4.33V
IN(MAX)
Higher input to output voltage differentials can be
obtained with the AAT3220, while maintaining
device functions in the thermal safe operating area.
To accomplish this, the device thermal resistance
must be reduced by increasing the heat sink area
or by operating the LDO regulator in a duty cycled
mode.
For example, an application requires VIN= 5.0V
while V
= 3.0V at a 150mA load and TA= 85°C.
OUT
VINis greater than 4.33V, which is the maximum
safe continuous input level for V
OUT
= 3.0V at
150mA for TA= 85°C. To maintain this high input
voltage and output current level, the LDO regulator
must be operated in a duty cycled mode. Refer to
the following calculation for duty cycle operation:
P
I
GND
I
OUT
is assumed to be 200mW
D(MAX)
= 1.1µA
= 150mA
VIN= 5.0 volts
V
= 3.0 volts
OUT
%DC = 100(P
D(MAX
/ ((VIN- V
OUT)IOUT
+ (VINx I
GND
))
%DC=100(200mW/((5.0V-3.0V)150mA+(5.0Vx1.1µA))
%DC = 66.67%
For a 150mA output current and a 2.0 volt drop
across the AAT3220 at an ambient temperature of
85°C, the maximum on time duty cycle for the
device would be 66.67%.
The following family of curves shows the safe operating area for duty cycled operation from ambient
room temperature to the maximum operating level.
3220.2001.09.1.0 11
Device Duty Cycle vs. V
V
= 2.5V @ 25 degrees C
OUT
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
Voltage Drop (V)
0
0 102030405060708090100
Duty Cycle (%)
DROP
200mA
150mA
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
High Peak Output Current Applications
Some applications require the LDO regulator to
operate at continuous nominal levels with short
duration high current peaks. The duty cycles for
both output current levels must be taken into
account. To do so, one would first need to calculate the power dissipation at the nominal continuous level, then factor in the addition power dissipation due to the short duration high current peaks.
For example, a 3.0V system using a AAT3220IGV-
2.5-T1 operates at a continuous 100mA load current level and has short 150mA current peaks. The
current peak occurs for 378µs out of a 4.61ms period. It will be assumed the input voltage is 5.0V.
First the current duty cycle percentage must be
calculated:
The LDO Regulator will be under the 100mA load for
91.8% of the 4.61ms period and have 150mA peaks
occurring for 8.2% of the time. Next, the continuous
nominal power dissipation for the 100mA load should
be determined then multiplied by the duty cycle to
conclude the actual power dissipation over time.
P
P
P
P
P
P
= (VIN- V
D(MAX)
D(100mA)
D(100mA)
D(91.8%D/C)
D(91.8%D/C)
D(91.8%D/C)
OUT)IOUT
+ (VINx I
GND
)
= (4.2V - 3.0V)100mA + (4.2V x 1.1µA)
= 120mW
= %DC x P
D(100mA)
= 0.918 x 120mW
= 110.2mW
The power dissipation for 100mA load occurring for
91.8% of the duty cycle will be 110.2mW. Now the
power dissipation for the remaining 8.2% of the
duty cycle at the 150mA load can be calculated:
P
P
P
P
P
P
= (VIN- V
D(MAX)
D(150mA)
D(150mA)
D(8.2%D/C)
D(8.2%D/C)
D(8.2%D/C)
OUT)IOUT
+ (VINx I
GND
)
= (4.2V - 3.0V)150mA + (4.2V x 1.1µA)
= 180mW
= %DC x P
D(150mA)
= 0.082 x 180mW
= 14.8mW
The power dissipation for a 150mA load occurring
for 8.2% of the duty cycle will be 14.8mW. Finally,
the two power dissipation levels can be summed to
determine the total power dissipation under the
varied load.
12 3220.2001.09.1.0
AAT3220
150mA NanoPower™ LDO Linear Regulator
P
P
P
= P
D(total)
D(total)
D(total)
D(100mA)
= 110.2mW + 14.8mW
= 125.0mW
+ P
D(150mA)
The maximum power dissipation for the AAT3220
operating at an ambient temperature of 85°C is
200mW. The device in this example will have a
total power dissipation of 125.0mW. This is well
with in the thermal limits for safe operation of the
device.
Printed Circuit Board Layout
Recommendations
In order to obtain the maximum performance from
the AAT3220 LDO regulator, very careful attention
must be paid in regard to the printed circuit board
layout. If grounding connections are not properly
made, power supply ripple rejection and LDO regulator transient response can be compromised.
The LDO Regulator external capacitors CINand
C
should be connected as directly as possible
OUT
to the ground pin of the LDO Regulator. For maximum performance with the AAT3220, the ground
pin connection should then be made directly back
to the ground or common of the source power supply. If a direct ground return path is not possible
due to printed circuit board layout limitations, the
LDO ground pin should then be connected to the
common ground plane in the application layout.