ANALOG DEVICES EE-280 Service Manual

Engineer-to-Engineer Note EE-280

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Technical notes on using Analog Devices DSPs, processors and development tools

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In-Circuit Flash Programming on ADSP-2106x SHARC® Processors

Contributed by Jeyanthi Jegadeesan Rev 2 – March 19, 2007

Introduction

Modern embedded processor systems are
equipped with non-volatile memory devices such
as EPROM or flash memories. This provides an
easy way to later reprogram memory with new
content to correct problems in the current
firmware or to enhance system capabilities.

With the advent of flash memories, it is now
possible to save data permanently and update it
when necessary without removing the component
from the system. Flash memories are also an
asset in systems that need to save data during a
power outage or brownout. The processor can
store its code/data contents from volatile internal
memory to an external, non-volatile memory,
and on revival of the system, rewrite the old
information back to the processor. ADSP-2106x
SHARC® processors can be booted from a
single 8-bit-wide memory device like EPROM,
EEPROM, or flash.

This EE-Note provides the details of interfacing
the flash to the external port on ADSP-2106x
processors. It also demonstrates programming
the in-circuit flash with two approaches.

The first approach uses the flash programmer
driver, which works with the VisualDSP++®
Flash Programmer utility. The flash programmer
driver code is provided to demonstrate how the
flash on the EZ-KIT Lite® board can be
programmed for PROM booting. The flash
programmer driver code in the associated .ZIP
file is provided for the ADSP-21065L EZ-KIT
Lite board. The flash programmer driver code

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can be used to program the M29W040B 512-KB
flash available from STMicroelectronics. The
same code can be modified for all the other
ADSP-2106x processors.

The second example code is a flash programmer
application that programs the boot image into the
flash directly. The example code in the
associated .ZIP file is available for the ADSP­21061 processor, and the same code can be
modified for the other processors.

In-Circuit Flash Programming on

L

SHARC Processors (EE-223)

[5]

discusses programming the flash on
ADSP-2116x, ADSP-2126x, ADSP­2136x, and ADSP-2137x SHARC
processors.

Hardware Interface

The flash memory must be interfaced to the BMS
space of the processor for booting from the flash.
The address bus, data bus, BMS# and RD# signals
must be connected as shown in Figure 1. Data
lines D23:16 of the ADSP-21060, ADSP-21061,
and ADSP-21062 processors must be connected
to data lines
21065L processors, data lines
connected to data lines
number of address lines depends on the size of
the flash. To program the flash, the
the processor must to be connected to the
signal of the flash as shown in Figure 2.

D7:0 of the flash. For ADSP-

D7:0 must be

D7:0 of the flash. The

WR# signal of

WE#

a

Flash Interface on the ADSP­21065L EZ-KIT Lite Board

The EPROM on the ADSP-21065L EZ-KIT Lite
board is mapped to the BMS space of the ADSP­21065L processor. Refer to Figure 1.

ADSP-21065L

A17-0

D7-0

/BMS

/RD

Figure 1. EEPROM interface on the ADSP-21065L
EZ-KIT Lite board

The EPROM socket provided on the ADSP­21065L EZ-KIT Lite board cannot be used for
the flash as is. Figure 2 shows the connections
between the flash and the ADSP-21065L EZ­KIT Lite board.

ADSP-21065L

A17-0

D7-0

/BMS

/RD

/WR

Figure 2. ADSP-21065L flash interface

The /WR signal of the ADSP-21065L EZ-KIT
Lite must be connected to the
flash on the EZ-KIT Lite board.

EPROM (M27V201)

A17-0

Q7-0

/E
/G

FLASH (M29W040B)

A17-0

D7-0

/E (Pin 22)
/G (Pin 24)

/W (Pin 31)

/W signal of the

Flash Programmer Driver

The flash programmer driver files included in the
associated .ZIP file programs the input.ldr file
into the flash. The flash programmer driver is
used with the VisualDSP++ Flash Programmer
utility. To program the flash, the flash
programmer driver is loaded into memory
initially. After loading it into memory, the flash
programmer driver:

 Allocates memory to hold the input.ldr file

contents

 Initializes the sector's start and end addresses

for the GUI

 Resets the flash and verifies the device ID

The input.ldr file is also loaded into the
memory using the Flash Programmer utility.
After loading it, the flash programmer driver:

 Erases the flash
 Writes the contents of input.ldr into flash
 Verifies the data

The flash programmer driver uses the following
functions to write to and read from the flash:

 WriteFlash
 ReadFlash

/BMS signal is used as the chip select signal

The
for the flash. This signal is asserted low by
setting the

SYSCON register before accessing the flash. When

BSO (boot select override) bit of the

the BSO bit is set, external port DMA accesses
can enable the /BMS signal only. The flash
programmer driver uses DMA channel 9 to write
to and read from the flash. The WriteFlash and

ReadFlash functions set the BSO bit of the
SYSCON register and initiate an external port

DMA using channel 9. After initiating the DMA
transfer, the processor waits in idle mode for the
transfer to end. Once the transfer ends, the
processor comes out of idle mode and reset the

BSO bit of the SYSCON register for normal

accesses.

In-Circuit Flash Programming on ADSP-2106x SHARC® Processors (EE-280) Page 2 of 8

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Programming the Flash

The flowchart of Figure 3 shows the steps to
program code into flash using the Flash
Programmer utility.

Start

Generate the User_Application.ldr file using

the VisualDSP++ loader utility

Load the Flash Programmer driver into

the internal memory

Load the User_Application.ldr file into the

internal memory

Erase the Flash

Programmer. The flash programmer driver uses
the data loaded into internal memory from the

user_application.ldr file. It erases the flash

and then programs the flash with the new data.
Once the user application is validated, it can then
be programmed into the flash. The example code
contains the Blink.dxe and Blink.ldr files,
which can be used to program the flash. The

Blink.exe file can be loaded and tested on the

EZ-KIT Lite board. Then the Blink.ldr file can
be programmed into the flash. The following two
steps describe the generation of the loader file
using the VisualDSP++ tools and how to
program the flash for the user application using
the flash programmer driver.

The flash can also be programmed using the
Flash Programmer application provided with this
EE-Note. For the Flash Programmer application,
the user_application.ldr file is used as part
of the internal memory. The application erases
the flash initially, and then reads the

user_application.ldr contents from internal

memory and programs the flash.

Program the Flash with the

User_Application.ldr file

End

Figure 3. Using the flash programmer driver

The 21065LEZFlash.c file available with the
flash programmer driver contains a generic flash
programming algorithm. The blink project files,
which toggle the ADSP-21065L processor's flags
and blinks the LEDs on the EZ-KIT Lite board,
are used as an example. Build and test

user_application.dpj to program the user

application into the flash. Then generate

user_application.ldr with the VisualDSP++

loader. The flash programmer driver and the data
from the
into internal memory using the Flash

user_application.ldr file are loaded

Step 1. Create the PROM Boot Image

Use the VisualDSP++ loader utility to generate
the boot-image for the user application code.

To generate the loader file, select Loader file
as the output file type in the Project Options
dialog box for

user_application.dpj

(Figure 4).
The Flash Programmer utility accepts the data in

hexadecimal format. For the flash programmer
project the loader file must be generated with
ASCII format.

The

user_application.ldr file is generated by

selecting

Hex as the boot format as shown in

Figure 5. When the project is built using the

Rebuild Project command (via Build menu or

toolbar button), the user_application.ldr file
is generated.

In-Circuit Flash Programming on ADSP-2106x SHARC® Processors (EE-280) Page 3 of 8