Analog Devices AN621 Application Notes

AN-621

32-BIT FREQUENCY REGISTER

MSB LSB

8 H MSBs 8 L MSBs 8 H LSBs 8 L LSBs

FREQ REG 0

FREQ REG 1

16 BITS 16 BITS

DEFER REGISTER

DEFER REGISTER POINTS
TO LAST FREQUENCY REGISTER
WRITTEN TO.

16 BITS 16 BITS

8 BITS 8 BITS

APPLICATION NOTE

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Programming the AD9832/AD9835

By Colm Slattery

INTRODUCTION

This application note details how to program 5 MHz on
the output of the AD9832/AD9835 parts. The frequency
register, defer register, and command sequence are
explained in detail.

THE FREQUENCY REGISTER

The AD9832 contains a 32-bit frequency register. The
register is shown below and is broken up into four bytes.
Since the AD9832 accepts only eight bits of data in any one
command, in order to fully program the 32-bit register the
user must input four commands, each delivering only eight
bits of data.

For addressing purposes, the 32-bit register is broken up
as follows: The 16 MSBs are dened as having eight higher
bits (H) and eight lower bits (L). Similarly, the 16 LSBs have
the same addressing scheme, eight higher (H) bits and
eight lower (L) bits.

THE DEFER REGISTER

The defer register (16 bits wide) acts as a buffer reg ­ister to the last register writ ten to. The defer register
is written to in two writes. The rst eight bits will be
held (deferred) in the register until the next eight bits
are written in. When all 16 bits have been written into
the defer register, the frequency register will be updated.

The defer register always points to the last address
that was written to.

Since the defer register has stored the last 16 bits writ­ten to it and is still pointing to the frequency register
previously addressed, it is possible to update either the
lower eight bits or the upper eight bits of that frequency
register with one write. This is called a direct write and is
actually the last part of a normal write sequence.

THE FREQUENCY WORD

The frequency word is the 32-bit word which the user
inputs into the frequency register. This determines the
output frequency and is based on the ratio of the required
output frequency to the reference clock frequency. In the
example below, the reference clock is 25 MHz. The re­quired output needs to be 5 MHz, so the frequency word
is calculated as:

(5/25)  (0xFFFFFFFF) = 0x33333333

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Note that if users want to write to any other register, they
will have to do a full write sequence as shown above.

ENTIRE COMMAND SEQUENCE FOR 5 MHz PROGRAM

0xF800 Binary (1111 1000 0000 0000)

0x3333 Binary (0011 0011 0011 0011)

0x2233 Binary (0010 0010 0011 0011)

0x3133 Binary (0011 0001 0011 0011)

0x2033 Binary (0010 0000 0011 0011)

0xC000 Binary (1100 0000 0000 0000)

COMMAND SEQUENCE EXPLAINED

For the purpose of this explanation, the 16-bit SPI word will be addressed as follows:

D15, D14, D13, ..., D2, D1, D0

0xF800 Binary (1111 1000 0000 0000)

D15, D14 = 1,1. This means that bits D13, D12, and D11 are active. In this case:
D13 = 1, SLEEP bit. This puts the part into sleep mode.
D12 = 1, RESET bit. This sets the part into reset, i.e., output of the DAC will be midscale.
D11 = 1, CLR bit. When CLR = 1, SYNC and SELSRC are set to 1. This sets control of choosing which register is selected to
external pins, not through software. CLR will automatically reset to 0.
D10...D0 = 0. (These are Don’t Care bits, X.)
The part is now ready to be programmed.

0x3333 Binary (0011 0011 0011 0011)

Command broken down as follows:
0011 /* Write eight frequency bits to defer register */
0011 /* Write to Frequency 0 Reg, H MSBs */
0011 0011 /* Eight bits of data to write */

0x2233 Binary (0010 0010 0011 0011)

0010 /* Write eight frequency bits to defer register */
0010 /* Write to Frequency 0 Reg, L MSBs */
0011 0011 /* Eight bits of data to write */
16 bits are now loaded to the upper 16 bits of Frequency Register 0.

0x3133 Binary (0011 0001 0011 0011)

0011 /* Write eight frequency bits to defer register */
0001 /* Write to Frequency 0 Reg, H LSBs */
0011 0011 /* Eight bits of data to write */

0x2033 Binary (0010 0000 0011 0011)

0010 /* Write eight frequency bits to defer register */
0000 /* Write to Frequency 0 Reg, L LSBs */
0011 0011 /* Eight bits of data to write */
16 bits are now loaded to the lower 16 bits of Frequency Register 0.

0xC000 Binary (1100 0000 0000 0000)

D15, D14 = 1,1. This means that bits D13, D12, and D11 are active. In this case:
D13 = 0, SLEEP bit. Takes the part out of sleep mode.
D12 = 0, RESET bit. Takes the part out of reset mode.
D11 = 0, CLR bit.
D10...D0 = 0 (Don’t Care bits for this command.)

E03543–0–2/03(0)PRINTED IN U.S.A.

5 MHz will now appear on the output pin. The FSELECT pin must be pulled to GND to choose Frequency Reg 0.

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