4 mm × 4 mm × 1.45 mm LFCSP
Low power : 350 μA (typical)
Single-supply operation: 1.8 V to 3.6 V
10,000 g shock survival
Excellent temperature stability
BW adjustment with a single capacitor per axis
RoHS/WEEE lead-free compliant
APPLICATIONS
Cost sensitive, low power, motion- and tilt-sensing
applications
Mobile devices
Gaming systems
Disk drive protection
Image stabilization
Sports and health devices
Accelerometer
ADXL335
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADXL335 is a small, thin, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometer with signal conditioned voltage outputs. The product
measures acceleration with a minimum full-scale range of ±3 g.
It can measure the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from
motion, shock, or vibration.
The user selects the bandwidth of the accelerometer using the
C
, CY, and CZ capacitors at the X
X
Bandwidths can be selected to suit the application, with a
range of 0.5 Hz to 1600 Hz for the X and Y axes, and a range
of 0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for the Z axis.
The ADXL335 is available in a small, low profile, 4 mm ×
4 mm × 1.45 mm, 16-lead, plastic lead frame chip scale package
(LFCSP_LQ).
OUT
, Y
OUT
, and Z
OUT
pins.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
+3
V
S
ADXL335
3-AXIS
C
DC
SENSOR
COM
AC AMPDEMOD
ST
Figure 1.
OUTPUT AMP
OUTPUT AMP
OUTPUT AMP
~32kΩ
~32kΩ
~32kΩ
X
OUT
C
X
Y
OUT
C
Y
Z
OUT
C
Z
7808-001
Rev. 0
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
TA = 25°C, VS = 3 V, CX = CY = CZ = 0.1 µF, acceleration = 0 g, unless otherwise noted. All minimum and maximum specifications are
guaranteed. Typical specifications are not guaranteed.
Table 1.
Parameter Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
SENSOR INPUT Each axis
Measurement Range ±3 ±3.6
Nonlinearity % of full scale ±0.3 %
Package Alignment Error ±1 Degrees
Interaxis Alignment Error ±0.1 Degrees
Cross-Axis Sensitivity
SENSITIVITY (RATIOMETRIC)
Sensitivity at X
Sensitivity Change Due to Temperature
1
±1 %
2
Each axis
, Y
, Z
OUT
V
OUT
OUT
3
V
= 3 V 270 300 330 mV/g
S
= 3 V ±0.01 %/°C
S
ZERO g BIAS LEVEL (RATIOMETRIC)
0 g Voltage at X
0 g Voltage at Z
, Y
V
OUT
OUT
V
OUT
= 3 V 1.35 1.5 1.65 V
S
= 3 V 1.2 1.5 1.8 V
S
0 g Offset vs. Temperature ±1 mg/°C
NOISE PERFORMANCE
Noise Density X
Noise Density Z
FREQUENCY RESPONSE
Bandwidth X
Bandwidth Z
R
Tolerance 32 ± 15% kΩ
FILT
, Y
150 µg/√Hz rms
OUT
OUT
300 µg/√Hz rms
OUT
4
5
, Y
OUT
OUT
No external filter 1600 Hz
OUT
5
No external filter 550 Hz
Sensor Resonant Frequency 5.5 kHz
SELF-TEST
6
Logic Input Low +0.6 V
Logic Input High +2.4 V
ST Actuation Current +60 A
Output Change at X
Output Change at Y
Output Change at Z
Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 −150 −325 −600 mV
OUT
Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 +150 +325 +600 mV
OUT
Self-Test 0 to Self-Test 1 +150 +550 +1000 mV
OUT
OUTPUT AMPLIFIER
Output Swing Low No load 0.1 V
Output Swing High No load 2.8 V
POWER SUPPLY
Operating Voltage Range 1.8 3.6 V
Supply Current VS = 3 V 350 A
Turn-On Time
7
No external filter 1 ms
TEMPERATURE
Operating Temperature Range −40 +85 °C
1
Defined as coupling between any two axes.
2
Sensitivity is essentially ratiometric to VS.
3
Defined as the output change from ambient-to-maximum temperature or ambient-to-minimum temperature.
4
Actual frequency response controlled by user-supplied external filter capacitors (CX, CY, CZ).
5
Bandwidth with external capacitors = 1/(2 × π × 32 kΩ × C). For CX, CY = 0.003 µF, bandwidth = 1.6 kHz. For CZ = 0.01 µF, bandwidth = 500 Hz. For CX, CY, CZ = 10 µF,
bandwidth = 0.5 Hz.
6
Self-test response changes cubically with VS.
7
Turn-on time is dependent on CX, CY, CZ and is approximately 160 × CX or CY or CZ + 1 ms, where CX, CY, CZ are in microfarads (µF).
Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 16
g
Page 4
ADXL335
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.
Parameter Rating
Acceleration (Any Axis, Unpowered) 10,000 g
Acceleration (Any Axis, Powered) 10,000 g
VS −0.3 V to +3.6 V
All Other Pins (COM − 0.3 V) to (VS + 0.3 V)
Output Short-Circuit Duration
(Any Pin to Common)
Temperature Range (Powered) −55°C to +125°C
Temperature Range (Storage) −65°C to +150°C
Indefinite
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
ESD CAUTION
Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 16
Page 5
ADXL335
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
S
14
ADXL335
TOP VIEW
+Z
+X
S
V
NC
13
12
X
OUT
11
+Y
NC
10
Y
OUT
9
NC
NC
COM
NC
1
2
ST
3
4
NC15V
16
(Not to Scale)
5678
COM
COM
NC = NO CONNECT
NOTES
1. EXPOSED P AD IS NOT I NTERNALLY
CONNECTED BUT SHO ULD BE SOLDE RED
FOR MECHANICAL INTEGRIT Y.
OUT
COM
Z
07808-003
Figure 2. Pin Configuration
Table 3. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description
1 NC No Connect1.
2 ST Self-Test.
3 COM Common.
4 NC No Connect1.
5 COM Common.
6 COM Common.
7 COM Common.
8 Z
Z Channel Output.
OUT
9 NC No Connect1.
10 Y
Y Channel Output.
OUT
11 NC No Connect1.
12 X
X Channel Output.
OUT
13 NC No Connect1.
14 VS Supply Voltage (1.8 V to 3.6 V).
15 VS Supply Voltage (1.8 V to 3.6 V).
16 NC No Connect1.
EP Exposed Pad Not internally connected. Solder for mechanical integrity.
1
NC pins are not internally connected and can be tied to COM pins, unless otherwise noted.
Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 16
Page 6
ADXL335
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
N > 1000 for all typical performance plots, unless otherwise noted.
50
40
40
30
20
% OF POPULATION
10
0
1.421.44 1.46 1.481.50 1.521.54 1.561.58
OUTPUT (V)
Figure 3. X-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V
50
40
30
20
% OF POPULATION
10
30
20
% OF POPULATION
10
0
–0.40 –0.38 –0.36 –0.34 –0.32 –0.30 –0. 28 –0.26
07808-005
VOLTS (V)
07808-008
Figure 6. X-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
50
40
30
20
% OF POPULATION
10
0
1.42 1.441.46 1.481.50 1.521.54 1.561.58
OUTPUT (V)
Figure 4. Y-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V
25
20
15
10
% OF POPULATION
5
0
1.42 1.44 1. 46 1.48 1. 50 1.52 1.54 1.56 1.58
OUTPUT (V)
Figure 5. Z-Axis Zero g Bias at 25°C, VS = 3 V
7808-006
07808-007
Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 16
0
0.260.280. 300.320.340.360.380. 40
VOLTS (V)
Figure 7. Y-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
40
30
20
% OF POPULATION
10
0
0.480.500.520.540.560.580.600.62
VOLTS (V)
Figure 8. Z-Axis Self-Test Response at 25°C, VS = 3 V
Figure 21. Typical Current Consumption vs. Supply Voltage
500mV/DIV
CH3: Y
500mV/DIV
CH2: X
CH1: POW ER,
1V/DIV
500mV/DIV
OUTPUTS ARE OFFSET FOR CL ARITY
TIME (1ms/DIV)
Figure 22. Typical Turn-On Time, V
OUT
OUT
,
,
07808-024
= 3 V
S
Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 16
Page 10
ADXL335
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADXL335 is a complete 3-axis acceleration measurement
system. The ADXL335 has a measurement range of ±3 g minimum. It contains a polysilicon surface-micromachined sensor
and signal conditioning circuitry to implement an open-loop
acceleration measurement architecture. The output signals are
analog voltages that are proportional to acceleration. The
accelerometer can measure the static acceleration of gravity
in tilt-sensing applications as well as dynamic acceleration
resulting from motion, shock, or vibration.
The sensor is a polysilicon surface-micromachined structure
built on top of a silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the
structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance
against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured using a differential capacitor that consists of independent
fixed plates and plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed
plates are driven by 180° out-of-phase square waves. Acceleration
deflects the moving mass and unbalances the differential capacitor
resulting in a sensor output whose amplitude is proportional to
acceleration. Phase-sensitive demodulation techniques are then
used to determine the magnitude and direction of the
acceleration.
The demodulator output is amplified and brought off-chip
through a 32 kΩ resistor. The user then sets the signal
bandwidth of the device by adding a capacitor. This filtering
improves measurement resolution and helps prevent aliasing.
MECHANICAL SENSOR
The ADXL335 uses a single structure for sensing the X, Y, and
Z axes. As a result, the three axes’ sense directions are highly
orthogonal and have little cross-axis sensitivity. Mechanical
misalignment of the sensor die to the package is the chief
source of cross-axis sensitivity. Mechanical misalignment
can, of course, be calibrated out at the system level.
PERFORMANCE
Rather than using additional temperature compensation circuitry, innovative design techniques ensure that high performance
is built in to the ADXL335. As a result, there is no quantization
error or nonmonotonic behavior, and temperature hysteresis
is very low (typically less than 3 mg over the −25°C to +70°C
temperature range).
Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 16
Page 11
ADXL335
APPLICATIONS INFORMATION
POWER SUPPLY DECOUPLING
For most applications, a single 0.1 µF capacitor, CDC, placed
close to the ADXL335 supply pins adequately decouples the
accelerometer from noise on the power supply. However, in
applications where noise is present at the 50 kHz internal clock
frequency (or any harmonic thereof), additional care in power
supply bypassing is required because this noise can cause errors
in acceleration measurement.
If additional decoupling is needed, a 100 Ω (or smaller) resistor
or ferrite bead can be inserted in the supply line. Additionally, a
larger bulk bypass capacitor (1 µF or greater) can be added in
parallel to C
. Ensure that the connection from the ADXL335
DC
ground to the power supply ground is low impedance because
noise transmitted through ground has a similar effect to noise
transmitted through V
.
S
SETTING THE BANDWIDTH USING CX, CY, AND CZ
The ADXL335 has provisions for band limiting the X
and Z
pins. Capacitors must be added at these pins to imple-
OUT
ment low-pass filtering for antialiasing and noise reduction. The
equation for the 3 dB bandwidth is
F
= 1/(2π(32 kΩ) × C
−3 dB
(X, Y, Z )
)
or more simply
F
= 5 F/C
–3 dB
The tolerance of the internal resistor (R
(X, Y, Z )
) typically varies as
FILT
much as ±15% of its nominal value (32 kΩ), and the bandwidth
varies accordingly. A minimum capacitance of 0.0047 F for C
C
, and CZ is recommended in all cases.
Y
Table 4. Filter Capacitor Selection, C
, CY, and CZ
X
Bandwidth (Hz) Capacitor (μF)
1 4.7
10 0.47
50 0.10
100 0.05
200 0.027
500 0.01
OUT
, Y
OUT
,
,
X
SELF-TEST
The ST pin controls the self-test feature. When this pin is set to
, an electrostatic force is exerted on the accelerometer beam.
V
S
The resulting movement of the beam allows the user to test if
the accelerometer is functional. The typical change in output
is −1.08 g (corresponding to −325 mV) in the X-axis, +1.08 g
(or +325 mV) on the Y-axis, and +1.83 g (or +550 mV) on the
Z-axis. This ST pin can be left open-circuit or connected to
common (COM) in normal use.
Never expose the ST pin to voltages greater than V
If this cannot be guaranteed due to the system design (for
instance, if there are multiple supply voltages), then a low
V
clamping diode between ST and VS is recommended.
F
DESIGN TRADE-OFFS FOR SELECTING FILTER
CHARACTERISTICS: THE NOISE/BW TRADE-OFF
The selected accelerometer bandwidth ultimately determines
the measurement resolution (smallest detectable acceleration).
Filtering can be used to lower the noise floor to improve the
resolution of the accelerometer. Resolution is dependent on
the analog filter bandwidth at X
OUT
, Y
OUT
, and Z
The output of the ADXL335 has a typical bandwidth of greater
than 500 Hz. The user must filter the signal at this point to
limit aliasing errors. The analog bandwidth must be no more
than half the analog-to-digital sampling frequency to minimize
aliasing. The analog bandwidth can be further decreased to
reduce noise and improve resolution.
The ADXL335 noise has the characteristics of white Gaussian
noise, which contributes equally at all frequencies and is
described in terms of g/√Hz (the noise is proportional to the
square root of the accelerometer bandwidth). The user should
limit bandwidth to the lowest frequency needed by the application to maximize the resolution and dynamic range of the
accelerometer.
With the single-pole, roll-off characteristic, the typical noise of
the ADXL335 is determined by
)1.6(××=BWDensityNoiseNoiserms
It is often useful to know the peak value of the noise. Peak-topeak noise can only be estimated by statistical methods. Table 5
is useful for estimating the probabilities of exceeding various
peak values, given the rms value.
Table 5. Estimation of Peak-to-Peak Noise
% of Time That Noise Exceeds
Peak-to-Peak Value
Nominal Peak-to-Peak Value
2 × rms 32
4 × rms 4.6
6 × rms 0.27
8 × rms 0.006
USE WITH OPERATING VOLTAGES OTHER THAN 3 V
The ADXL335 is tested and specified at VS = 3 V; however, it
can be powered with V
that some performance parameters change as the supply voltage
is varied.
as low as 1.8 V or as high as 3.6 V. Note
S
+ 0.3 V.
S
.
OUT
Page 11 of 16
Page 12
ADXL335
A
X
Y
Z
The ADXL335 output is ratiometric, therefore, the output
sensitivity (or scale factor) varies proportionally to the
supply voltage. At V
cally 360 mV/g. At V
195 mV/g.
The zero g bias output is also ratiometric, thus the zero g
output is nominally equal to V
The output noise is not ratiometric but is absolute in volts;
therefore, the noise density decreases as the supply voltage
increases. This is because the scale factor (mV/g) increases
while the noise voltage remains constant. At V
the X-axis and Y-axis noise density is typically 120 µg/√Hz,
whereas at V
S
typically 270 g/√Hz.
Self-test response in g is roughly proportional to the square of
the supply voltage. However, when ratiometricity of sensitivity
is factored in with supply voltage, the self-test response in volts
is roughly proportional to the cube of the supply voltage. For
example, at V
is approximately −560 mV for the X-axis, +560 mV for the
Y-axis, and +950 mV for the Z-axis.
= 3.6 V, the output sensitivity is typi-
S
= 2 V, the output sensitivity is typically
S
/2 at all supply voltages.
S
= 3.6 V,
S
= 2 V, the X-axis and Y-axis noise density is
= 3.6 V, the self-test response for the ADXL335
S
= 2 V, the self-test response is approximately −96 mV for
At V
S
the X-axis, +96 mV for the Y-axis, and −163 mV for the Z-axis.
The supply current decreases as the supply voltage decreases.
Typical current consumption at V
cal current consumption at V
= 3.6 V is 375 µA, and typi-
S
= 2 V is 200 µA.
S
AXES OF ACCELERATION SENSITIVITY
Z
A
Y
A
X
Figure 23. Axes of Acceleration Sensitivity; Corresponding Output Voltage
Increases When Accelerated Along the Sensitive Axis.
07808-025
OUT
OUT
OUT
= 0g
= 1g
= 0g
TOP
X
= –1g
OUT
Y
= 0g
OUT
Z
= 0g
OUT
TOP
= 0g
X
OUT
Y
TOP
TOP
X
= 1g
OUT
Y
= 0g
OUT
Z
= 0g
OUT
= –1g
OUT
Z
= 0g
OUT
= 0g
X
OUT
Y
= 0g
OUT
Z
= 1g
OUT
Figure 24. Output Response vs. Orientation to Gravity
GRAVITY
X
OUT
Y
OUT
Z
OUT
= 0g
= 0g
= –1g
07808-026
Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 16
Page 13
ADXL335
LAYOUT AND DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
The recommended soldering profile is shown in Figure 25 followed by a description of the profile features in Table 6. The recommended
PCB layout or solder land drawing is shown in Figure 26.
t
P
RAMP-DO WN
TIME
TEMPERATURE
T
P
T
L
T
SMAX
T
SMIN
PREHEAT
t
RAMP-UP
t
S
25°C TO PEAK
Figure 25. Recommended Soldering Profile
Table 6. Recommended Soldering Profile
Profile Feature Sn63/Pb37 Pb-Free
Average Ramp Rate (TL to TP) 3°C/sec max 3°C/sec max
Preheat
Minimum Temperature (T
Maximum Temperature (T
Time (T
T
to TL
SMAX
SMIN
to T
)(tS) 60 sec to 120 sec 60 sec to 180 sec
SMAX
) 100°C 150°C
SMIN
) 150°C 200°C
SMAX
Ramp-Up Rate 3°C/sec max 3°C/sec max
Time Maintained Above Liquidous (TL)
Liquidous Temperature (TL) 183°C 217°C
Time (tL) 60 sec to 150 sec 60 sec to 150 sec
Peak Temperature ( TP) 240°C + 0°C/−5°C 260°C + 0°C/−5°C
Time Within 5°C of Actual Peak Temperature (tP) 10 sec to 30 sec 20 sec to 40 sec
Ramp-Down Rate 6°C/sec max 6°C/sec max
Time 25°C to Peak Temperature 6 minutes max 8 minutes max
0.50
MAX
0.650.325
4
CRITICAL Z ONE
t
L
T
TO T
L
P
07808-002
0.35
MAX
1.95
EXPOSED PAD IS NOT
INTERNALLY CONNECTED
BUT SHOULD BE SOLDERED
FOR MECHANICAL INTEGRITY.
1.95
DIMENSIONS SHOWN IN MILLIMETERS
0.65
0.325
4
07808-004
Figure 26. Recommended PCB Layout
Page 13 of 16
Page 14
ADXL335
A
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
4.15
4.00 SQ
PIN 1
INDICATOR
1.50
1.45
1.40
SEATING
PLANE
3.85
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
0.15 REF
BSC
COPLANARITY
Figure 27. 16-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_LQ]
4 mm × 4 mm Body, 1.45 mm Thick Quad
(CP-16-14)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model Measurement Range Specified Voltage Temperature Range Package Description Package Option