92% efficiency (no sense resistor required)
±1.0% initial accuracy
IC supply voltage range: 2.9 V to 5.5 V
Power-input voltage as low as 1.0 V
Capable of high supply input voltage (>5.5 V)
with an e
UVLO and 35 mA shunt regulator
V
IN
External slope compensation with 1 resistor
Programmable operating frequency
(100 k
Lossless current sensing for switch-node voltage <30 V
Resistor current sensing for switch-node voltage >30 V
Synchronizable to external clock
Current-mode operation for excellent line and load transient
r
esponses
10 μA shutdown current
Current limit and thermal overload protection
Soft start in 2048 clock cycles
APPLICATIONS
APD bias
Portable electronic equipment
Isolated dc/dc converter
Step-up/step-down dc/dc converter
LED driver for laptop computer and navigation system
LCD backlighting
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADP1621 is a fixed-frequency, pulse-width modulation
(PWM), current-mode, step-up converter controller. It drives an
external n-channel MOSFET to convert the input voltage to a
higher output voltage. The ADP1621 can also be used to drive
flyback, SEPIC, and forward converter topologies, either isolated
or nonisolated.
The ADP1621 eliminates the use of a current-sense power
sistor by measuring the voltage drop across the on resistance
re
of the n-channel MOSFET. This technique, allowed up to a
maximum voltage of 30 V at the switch node, maximizes
efficiency and reduces cost. For switch-node voltages higher than
30 V or for more accurate current limiting, the CS pin can be
connected to a current-sense resistor in the source of the MOSFET.
The slope compensation is implemented by an external resistor,
allowing a wide range of external components (inductors and
MOSFETs), and can be chosen for various switching frequencies
and input and output voltages.
The ADP1621 supply input voltage range is 2.9 V to 5.5 V, although
hig
her input voltages are possible with the use of a small-signal
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
xternal NPN or a resistor
Hz to 1.5 MHz) with 1 resistor
Step-Up DC/DC Controller
ADP1621
TYPICAL APPLICATION CIRCUIT
L1
4.7µH
D1
C3
C4
1µF
0.1µF
10V
10V
SDSN
COMP
R
COMP
COMP
R
FREQ
31.6kΩ
1%
FREQ
9.09kΩ
C2
120pF
C
1.8nF
f
= 600kHz
OSC
C1 = MURATA GRM31CR60J476M
C
= SANYO POSCAP 6TPE150M
OUT3
L1 = TOKO FDV0630-4R7M
Figure 1. High Efficiency Output Bo
3.3 V Input, 5 V Output (Bootstrapped)
100
90
80
70
60
EFFICIENCY (%)
50
40
30
0.0110
Figure 2. Efficiency of Circuit Shown in Figure 1
NPN pass transistor or a single resistor. The voltage of the
power input can be as low as 1 V for fuel cell applications. The
switching frequency is set by an external resistor over a range of
100 kHz to 1.5 MHz and can be synchronized to an external
clock by using the SDSN pin. The shutdown quiescent current is
less than 10 μA. The ADP1621 has a thermal shutdown feature
that shuts down the gate driver when the junction temperature
reaches approximately 150°C. The internal soft start circuit limits
inrush current at startup. The ADP1621 is available in the 10-lead
MSOP lead-free package and is specified over the −40°C to +125°C
junction temperature range.
Changes to Table 5.......................................................................... 19
Changes to Ordering Guide.......................................................... 31
7/06—Revision 0: Initial Version
Rev. A | Page 2 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
SPECIFICATIONS
VIN = 5 V, R
Table 1.
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
MAIN CONTROL LOOP
Internal Soft Start Time tSS 2048 Cycles
PIN Supply Voltage
IN Supply Voltage
Shunt Regulation Voltage V
I
Shunt Resistance R
Current into PIN = 8 mA to 12 mA 7 Ω
IN Quiescent Current IIN V
IN Shutdown Current VIN = 2.9 V to 5.5 V, SDSN = GND 1 10 μA
PIN Supply Current I
Static Mode, No Switching VFB = 1.3 V, V
Shutdown Mode SDSN = GND 1 10 μA
Undervoltage Lockout Threshold at
IN Pin
FB Regulation Voltage VFB T
1.197 1.215 1.233 V
FB Input Current IFB V
Line Regulation
2.9 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5 V, TJ = −40°C to +125°C 0.02 0.072 %/V
Load Regulation
Error Amplifier Transconductance gm 300 μS
COMP Zero-Current Threshold V
COMP Clamp High Voltage V
T
Current-Sense Amplifier Gain n 7.5 9.5 11.5 V/V
Peak Slope-Compensation Current at
CS Pin
CS Pin Leakage Current I
Shutdown Time tSD SDSN pin from high to low or left floating 50 μs
Thermal Shutdown Threshold
Thermal Shutdown Hysteresis
OSCILLATOR
Oscillator Frequency Range
Oscillator Frequency f
Oscillator Frequency Tempco f
SDSN Input Level Threshold V
SDSN Threshold Hysteresis −0.19 V
SDSN Internal Pull-Down Resistor R
Synchronization Minimum Pulse Width t
Synchronization Maximum Pulse Width t
Synchronization Frequency f
GATE Minimum On Time t
GATE Minimum Off Time t
Maximum Duty Cycle
Recommended Maximum
∆VFB/∆VIN 2.9 V ≤ VIN ≤ 5 V, TJ = −40°C to +85°C 0.02 0.06 %/V
∆VFB/∆V
COMP,ZCT
COMP,CLAMP
I
SC,PK
CS,LEAK
T
TMSD
COMP
V
= 1.4 V to 1.5 V −1 −0.1 %
COMP
0.85 1.0 1.15 V
TJ = −40°C to +85°C 1.9 2.0 2.1 V
= −40°C to +125°C 1.9 2.0 2.2 V
J
= 0 V to 100 mV maximum
V
CS
across R
V
= 30 V (GATE low) 5 μA
CS
(GATE high)
S
55 70 85 μA
150 °C
−10 °C
f
100 1500 kHz
OSC
R
OSC
±0.06 %/°C
OSC,TC
SDSN,THRESH
SDSN
SYNC,MIN
SYNC,MAX
SYNC
ON,MIN
OFF,MIN
D
MAX
f
SYNC/fOSC
VIN = V
100 kΩ
V
V
110 1800 kHz
V
V
f
f
= 65 kΩ, TA = 25°C 255 325 395 kHz
FREQ
= 5 V 1.5 1.7 1.9 V
PIN
= 0 V to VIN 45 100 ns
SDSN
= 0 V to VIN 0.8/f
SDSN
= 1.215 V, V
FB
= 1.215 V, V
FB
= 200 kHz, R
SW
= 200 kHz, R
OSC
= 1.0 V 180 215 ns
COMP
= 2.0 V 190 230 ns
COMP
= 100 kΩ 93 97 %
FREQ
= 100 kΩ, f
FREQ
= fSW 1.1 1.2 1.4
SYNC
ns
SYNC
Rev. A | Page 3 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Parameter Symbol Conditions Min Typ Max Unit
GATE DRIVER
GATE Rise Time
GATE Fall Time
1
The maximum input voltage is the shunt regulation voltage, which is typically 5.5 V and can range from 5.3 V to 6.0 V over the specified temperature range.
2
The ADP1621 is tested in a feedback servo loop, which servos VFB to the internal reference voltage. The voltage change in FB is measured while VIN is changed from
2.9 V to 5 V. The line regulation is calculated by (∆VFB/VFB) × 100%/∆VIN.
3
The ADP1621 is tested in a feedback servo loop, which servos VFB to the internal reference voltage, and V
(1.0 V ≤ V
4
The peakslope-compensation current at the CS pin is typically 70 μA, and effectively clamped at 116 mV. Thus, RS should not exceed 1.6 kΩ (116 mV/70 μA).
5
Guaranteed by design for thermal shutdown. When the thermal junction temperature of the ADP1621 reaches approximately 150°C, the ADP1621 goes into thermal
COMP
shutdown and the GATE voltage is pulled low. When the junction temperature drops below about 140°C, the soft start sequence is initiated and the ADP1621 resumes
normal operation.
6
f
is the natural oscillation frequency, f
OSC
7
Guaranteed by design and bench characterization.
8
To ensure proper synchronization operation, set the synchronization frequency, f
be synchronized to as high as 1.8 MHz, the peak slope-compensation current decreases at higher synchronization frequencies. It is recommended that the maximum
f
be less than 1.4× of f
SYNC
Compensation section in the Application Information: Boost Converter section).
9
GATE rise and fall times are measured from 10% to 90% levels.
9
≤ 2.0 V).
9
is the synchronization frequency, and fSW is the switching frequency. If synchronization is used, then fSW = f
SYNC
and should not exceed 1.8 MHz. The slope-compensation resistor, RS, should be chosen for the synchronization frequency (see the Slope
OSC
tR C
tF C
= 3.3 nF 17 ns
GATE
= 3.3 nF 13 ns
GATE
, to 1.2× of the free-running frequency, f
SYNC
is forced from 1.4 V to 1.5 V. The V
COMP
. Although the switching frequency can
OSC
range is
COMP
; otherwise, fSW = f
SYNC
OSC
.
Rev. A | Page 4 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
Table 2.
Parameter Rating
IN to GND −0.3 V to V
FB, COMP, SDSN, FREQ, GATE to GND −0.3 V to (VIN + 0.3 V)
CS to GND −5 V to +33 V
PIN to PGND −0.3 V to V
Supply Current into IN 25 mA
Supply Current into PIN 35 mA
Storage Temperature Range −55°C to +150°C
Junction Operating Temperature Range1 −55°C to +150°C
Junction Storage Temperature Range −55°C to +150°C
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 sec) 300°C
Package Power Dissipation1 (T
1
In applications where high power dissipation and poor package thermal
resistance are present, the maximum ambient temperature may need to be
derated. Maximum ambient temperature (TA,MAX) is dependent on the
maximum operating junction temperature (TJ,MAX= 150oC), the maximum
power dissipation of the device in the application (PD,MAX), and the junctionto-ambient thermal resistance of the package in the application (θ
by the following equation: T
A,MAX = TJ,MAX --- (θJA x PD,MAX).
J,MAX
− TA)/θJA
SHUNT
SHUNT
JA), is given
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
Absolute maximum ratings apply individually only, not in
mbination. Unless otherwise specified, all other voltages are
co
referenced to GND.
THERMAL RESISTANCE
θJA is specified for the worst-case conditions, that is, a device
soldered in a circuit board for surface-mount packages.
Table 3. Thermal Resistance
Package Type θJA Unit
10-lead MSOP on a 2-layer PCB 200 °C/W
10-lead MSOP on a 4-layer PCB 172 °C/W
Junction-to-ambient thermal resistance of the package is based
on modeling and calculation using 2-layer and 4-layer boards,
and natural convection. The junction-to-ambient thermal
resistance is application- and board-layout dependent. In
applications where high maximum power dissipation exists,
attention to thermal dissipation issues in board design is
required.
ESD CAUTION
Rev. A | Page 5 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
SIMPLIFIED BLOCK DIAGRAM
FB
COMP
V
OSC
1.4V
FREQ
+
+
CS
PGND
GND
V
REF
1.215V
ERROR
AMPLIFIER
g
m
SET
OSC
SLOPE
COMP
n
SOFT START
(2048 CYCLES)
PWM
COMPARATOR
Figure 3. ADP1621 Simplified Block Diagram
UVLO
5.5V
S
R
100kΩ
ADP1621
GATE
DRIVER
5.5V
PIN
GATE
IN
SDSN
06090-002
Rev. A | Page 6 of 32
ADP1621
C
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Table 4. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No. Mnemonic Description
1 SDSN
Shutdown and Synchronization Input. Tur
If SDSN is left floating or when the SDSN is pulled low, the ADP1621 goes into shutdown after 50 μs. If synchronization is
needed, synchronize the switching frequency to an external clock by connecting the external clock to the SDSN
pin. An internal 100 kΩ pull-down resistor is connected from SDSN to GND.
2 GND Ground.
3 COMP
Regulation Control Compensation Node. COMP is the output of
Connect a series RC from COMP to GND to compensate the regulator. The nominal voltage range for this pin is
1.0 V to 2.0 V.
4 FB
Feedback Input. FB is the input to the in
through a resistive voltage divider. The ratio of the voltage divider sets the output voltage. The regulation voltage
at FB is nominally 1.215 V.
5 FREQ
Frequency Control Input. Connect a resistor from FREQ t
between 100 kHz and 1.5 MHz. The nominal voltage of this pin is 1.4 V.
6 PGND
Power Ground Input. PGND is the ground return for the inter
current-sense amplifier. Connect PGND to GND as close to the ADP1621 as possible.
7 GATE
Gate Driver Output. The maximum gate driver output is equal t
external n-channel power MOSFET. Connect GATE to the gate of the MOSFET.
8 PIN
Power Input. PIN powers the gate driver output. An internal 5.5 V shunt regulat
PIN to PGND with a 0.1 μF or greater capacitor.
9 CS
Current-Sense Input. CS is the positive input of the current-se
the CS pin increases linearly from 0 V to a maximum of 116 mV, and the nominal peak slope-compensation output
current is 70 μA. When GATE is off, the CS function is disabled. For current sensing in lossless mode, connect CS to
the drain of the power MOSFET. The absolute maximum voltage at CS is 33 V. For higher accuracy current sensing
or higher switch-node voltages, connect CS to a current-sense power resistor in the source of the power MOSFET.
In both sensing methods, it is required to add a slope-compensation resistor, R
in the inductor current for duty cycles greater than 50%. However, it is recommended to add R
because load transients can momentarily cause the duty cycle to be greater than 50%, even when the steady-
state duty cycle is less than 50%.
10 IN
Input Voltage. IN powers the ADP1621 internal circuitry. An in
Bypass IN to GND with a 0.1 μF or greater capacitor.
1
SDSN
GND
2
OMP
FREQ
ADP1621
3
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
FB
4
5
Figure 4. Pin Configuration
n the ADP1621 on by driving SDSN high; turn it off by driving SDSN low.
ternal transconductance error amplifier. Drive FB from the output voltage
10
IN
CS
9
PIN
8
GATE
7
6
PGND
06090-003
the internal transconductance error amplifier.
o GND to set the free-running switching frequency
nal gate driver and the negative input of the internal
o the PIN voltage. GATE drives the gate of the
or is connected to this pin. Bypass
nse amplifier. When GATE is turned on, the voltage at
, to the CS pin to achieve stability
S
ternal 5.5 V shunt regulator is connected to this pin.
for all duty cycles
S
Rev. A | Page 7 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
100
92
90
80
70
60
EFFICIENCY (%)
50
40
30
0.0110
0.11
LOAD CURRENT (A)
TA = 25°C
f
= 220kHz
SW
V
= 3.3V
IN
V
= 5V
OUT
Figure 5. Efficiency vs. Load Current
1
TA = 25°C
= 3.3V
V
IN
= 5V
V
OUT
LOAD = 1A
V
RIPPLES @ 5V
OUT
AC-COUPLED
91
90
89
88
87
EFFICIENCY (%)
86
85
84
100
300500700900110013001500
06090-004
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
LOAD = 0.5A
LOAD = 1A
TA = 25°C
V
V
= 3.3V
IN
OUT
= 5V
06090-007
Figure 8. Efficiency vs. Switching Frequency
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
I
IN
I
PIN
2
CH1 20mV CH2 2VM 2µsA CH2 2.6V
CH2 = GATE
Figure 6. Output Voltage Ripple of the Circuit Shown in Figure 1
1.21605
TA=25°C
1.21600
1.21595
(V)
1.21590
FB
V
1.21585
1.21580
1.21575
2.56.0
3.03 .54.04.55.05.5
V
(V)
IN
Figure 7. V
vs. VIN
FB
0.001
SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
0.0001
0.00001
07
123456
6090-005
SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
TA = 25°C
NO SWITCHING
06090-008
Figure 9. Supply Current vs. Supply Voltage
2.5
2.0
1.5
(V)
COMP
V
1.0
0.5
0
1.171.29
1.191. 211.231.251.27
V
06090-006
Figure 10. V
FB
(V)
COMP
vs. VFB
TA = 25°C
V
= 5V
IN
06090-009
Rev. A | Page 8 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
PIN SUPPLY CURRENT (mA)
10
5
0
01800
200400600800 1000 1200 1400 1600
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
MOSFET QG = 25nC
MOSFET QG = 15nC
MOSFET QG = 7nC
Figure 11. PIN Supply Current vs. Switching Frequency
06090-010
35
TA = 25°C
V
= V
= 5V
IN
30
25
20
15
10
GATE RISE AND FALL TI MES (ns)
5
0
PIN
t
OR
t
IS FROM
R
F
10% TO 90% O F
THE GATE VOLTAGE
05
5 1015202530354045
GATE CAPACITANCE (nF)
Figure 14. GATE Rise and
Fall Times vs. C
t
R
t
GATE
F
0
06090-013
2.60
SDSN = 5V
2.55
(V)
2.50
UVLO
V
2.45
2.40
–50150
1.03
)
VIN = 5V
1.02
OSC,25°C
f
/
OSC
1.01
f
1.00
0.99
0.98
NORMALIZE D FREQUENCY (
0.97
–50150
050100
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 12. V
Threshold vs. Temperature
UVLO
050100
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 13. Frequency vs. Temperature
1600
1500
1400
1300
1200
1100
1000
900
(kHz)
800
700
OSC
f
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0200
20406080100 120 140 160 180
R
06090-011
Figure 15. Oscillator Freq
198
TA = 25°C
R
= 100kΩ
FREQ
197
196
195
(kHz)
OSC
194
f
193
192
191
2
06090-012
345
Figure 16. Oscillator Freq
(kΩ)
FREQ
uency vs. Resistance
V
(V)
IN
uency vs. V
06090-014
06090-015
IN
Rev. A | Page 9 of 32
ADP1621
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
250
VIN = 5V
CS = 30V
200
1.6
1.4
1.2
VIN = 5V
SDSN = 0V
150
100
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
50
0
–40160
1060110
CS LEAKAGE (n A)
Figure 17. Temperature vs. CS Leakage
8
4
0
–4
–8
FB BIAS CURRENT (n A)
–12
–16
–50150
VFB = 1.2113V AT 25° C
FB BIAS CURRENT I S MEASURED
BY FORCING A CONSTANT 1. 2113V
OVER THE T EMPERATURE RANGE .
050100
TEMPERATURE (° C)
Figure 18. FB Bias Current vs. Temperature
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
SHUTDOWN IN CURRENT (µA)
0.2
0
–50150
06090-016
050100
TEMPERATURE (° C)
06090-019
Figure 20. Shutdown IN Current vs. Temperature
1.2165
VIN = 5V
1.2160
SDSN = 0V
1.2155
1.2150
1.2145
(V)
FB
V
1.2140
1.2135
1.2130
1.2125
1.2120
–50150
06090-017
050100
TEMPERATURE ( °C)
Figure 21. FB Volta
ge vs. Temperature
06090-020
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
PEAK SLOPE CO MPENSATIO N CURRENT (µA)
0
1.0
1.21.41.61.82. 0
f
OSC
= 550kHz
Figure 19. Slope-Compensation Current vs. f
f
SYNC/fOSC
f
OSC
= 200kHz
SYNC/fOSC
2.2
06090-018
Rev. A | Page 10 of 32
4
2
1
CH1 5VCH2 5V
Figure 22. DCM Switching Waveform
TA = 25°C
V
= 3.3V
IN
V
= 5V
OUT
LOAD = 0.1A
DCM OPERATIO N
CH4 500mAΩ
CH4 = INDUCTOR CURRENT
CH2 = DRAIN VOLT AGE
CH1 = GATE
M2µsA CH1 2.9V
06090-021
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