Fault and Overvoltage Protection (–40 V, +55 V)
All Switches OFF with Power Supply OFF
Analog Output of ON Channel Clamped Within Power
Supplies If an Overvoltage Occurs
Latch-Up Proof Construction
Break Before Make Construction
TTL and CMOS Compatible Inputs
APPLICATIONS
Data Acquisition Systems
Industrial and Process Control Systems
Avionics Test Equipment
Signal Routing Between Systems
High Reliability Control Systems
Fault-Protected Analog Multiplexers
ADG438F/ADG439F*
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAMS
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADG438F/ADG439F are CMOS analog multiplexers, the
ADG438F comprising 8 single channels and the ADG439F
comprising four differential channels. These multiplexers provide fault protection. Using a series n-channel, p-channel, nchannel MOSFET structure, both device and signal source
protection is provided in the event of an overvoltage or power
loss. The multiplexer can withstand continuous overvoltage
inputs from –40 V to +55 V. During fault conditions, the multiplexer input (or output) appears as an open circuit and only a
few nanoamperes of leakage current will flow. This protects not
only the multiplexer and the circuitry driven by the multiplexer,
but also protects the sensors or signal sources which drive the
multiplexer.
The ADG438F switches one of eight inputs to a common output as determined by the 3-bit binary address lines A0, A1 and
A2. The ADG439F switches one of four differential inputs to a
common differential output as determined by the 2-bit binary
address lines A0 and A1. An EN input on each device is used to
enable or disable the device. When disabled, all channels are
switched OFF.
*Patent Pending.
REV. D
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties
which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or
otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHTS
1. Fault Protection.
The ADG438F/ADG439F can withstand continuous voltage inputs up to –40 V or +55 V. When a fault occurs due
to the power supplies being turned off, all the channels
are turned off and only a leakage current of a few nanoamperes flows.
2. ON channel turns OFF while fault exists.
3. Low R
ON.
4. Fast Switching Times.
5. Break-Before-Make Switching.
Switches are guaranteed break-before-make so that input
signals are protected against momentary shorting.
6. Trench Isolation Eliminates Latch-up.
A dielectric trench separates the p- and n-channel MOSFETs
thereby preventing latch-up.
7. Improved OFF Isolation.
Trench isolation enhances the channel-to-channel isolation
of the ADG438F/ADG439F.
*Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause perma-
nent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the
device at these or any other conditions above those listed in the operational
sections of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. Only one absolute
maximum rating may be applied at any one time.
ORDERING GUIDE
ModelTemperature RangePackage Option*
ADG438FBN–40°C to +105°CN-16
ADG438FBR–40°C to +105°CR-16N
ADG439FBN–40°C to +105°CN-16
ADG439FBR–40°C to +105°CR-16N
ADG439FBRW–40°C to +105°CR-16W
*N = Plastic DIP; R-16N = 0.15" Small Outline IC (SOIC); R-16W = 0.3"
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection.
Although the ADG438F/ADG439F features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent
damage may occur on devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper
ESD precautions are recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
–3–REV. D
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
ADG438F/ADG439F
2000
1000
0
–15–5155010–10
500
1750
1500
1250
750
250
VD (VS) – Volts
R
ON
– V
TA = +258C
VDD = +5V
V
SS
= –5V
VDD = +10V
V
SS
= –10V
VDD = +15V
V
SS
= –15V
1m
1m
1p
–50–305010–2020–40
1n
30 40
100m
10m
10n
100n
10p
100p
–10 0
V
IN
– INPUT VOLTAGE – Volts
I
S
– INPUT LEAKAGE – A
OPERATING RANGE
VDD = 0V
V
SS
= 0V
V
D
= 0V
60
1m
1m
1p
–50–305010–2020–40
1n
30 40
100m
10m
10n
100n
10p
100p
–10 0
V
IN
– INPUT VOLTAGE – Volts
I
D
– OUTPUT LEAKAGE – A
OPERATING RANGE
VDD = +15V
VSS = –15V
VD = 0V
60
TERMINOLOGY
V
DD
V
SS
GNDGround (0 V) reference.
R
ON
∆R
ON
R
DriftChange in RON when temperature changes
ON
R
MatchDifference between the RON of any two
ON
I
(OFF)Source leakage current when the switch is
S
I
(OFF)Drain leakage current when the switch is off.
D
I
, IS (ON)Channel leakage current when the switch is
D
V
(VS)Analog voltage on terminals D, S.
D
C
(OFF)Channel input capacitance for “OFF”
S
C
(OFF)Channel output capacitance for “OFF”
D
C
, CS (ON)“ON” switch capacitance.
D
C
IN
t
(EN)Delay time between the 50% and 90% points
ON
t
(EN)Delay time between the 50% and 90% points
OFF
t
TRANSITION
t
OPEN
V
INL
V
INH
I
(I
INL
INH
Off IsolationA measure of unwanted signal coupling
Charge InjectionA measure of the glitch impulse transferred
I
DD
I
SS
Most positive power supply potential.
Most negative power supply potential.
Ohmic resistance between D and S.
RON variation due to a change in the analog
input voltage with a constant load current.
by one degree Celsius.
channels.
off.
on.
condition.
condition.
Digital input capacitance.
of the digital input and switch “ON”
condition.
of the digital input and switch “OFF”
condition.
Delay time between the 50% and 90% points
of the digital inputs and the switch “ON”
condition when switching from one address
state to another.
“OFF” time measured between 80% points of
both switches when switching from one
address state to another.
Maximum input voltage for Logic “0”.
Minimum input voltage for Logic “1”.
)Input current of the digital input.
through an “OFF” channel.
from the digital input to the analog output
during switching.
Positive supply current.
Negative supply current.
Typical Performance Graphs
Figure 1. On Resistance as a Function of VD (VS)
Figure 2. Input Leakage Current as a Function of V
(Power Supplies OFF) During Overvoltage Conditions
Figure 3. Output Leakage Current as a Function of V
(Power Supplies ON) During Overvoltage Conditions
–4–REV. D
S
S
100
10
0.01
2545655575358595105
1
0.1
TEMPERATURE – 8C
LEAKAGE CURRENTS – nA
IS (OFF)
ID (OFF)
ID (ON)
VDD = +15V
V
SS
= –15V
V
D
= +10V
VS = –10V
260
240
100
1015121311
120
14
t
ON
(EN)
VIN = +2V
220
200
180
160
140
t – ns
V
SUPPLY
– Volts
t
OFF
(EN)
t
TRANSITION
280
240
100
25105658545
120
t
ON
(EN)
220
200
180
160
140
t – ns
TEMPERATURE – 8C
t
OFF
(EN)
t
TRANSITION
260
VDD = +15V
V
SS
= –15V
V
IN
= +5V
2000
1750
1500
1250
– V
1000
ON
R
750
500
250
0
–15–5155010–10
+858C
V
D
(VS) – Volts
+1058C
VDD = +15V
= –15V
V
SS
+258C
Figure 4. On Resistance as a Function of VD (VS) for
Different Temperatures
1m
100m
10m
1m
100n
10n
1n
– INPUT LEAKAGE – A
S
I
100p
10p
1p
–50–306010–2020–4030 40–10 050
OPERATING RANGE
V
– INPUT VOLTAGE – Volts
S
VDD = +15V
V
= –15V
SS
= 0V
V
D
Figure 5. Input Leakage Current as a Function of V
(Power Supplies ON) During Overvoltage Conditions
ADG438F/ADG439F
Figure 7. Leakage Currents as a Function of Temperature
S
Figure 8. Switching Time vs. Power Supply
0.3
VDD = +15V
V
= –15V
–14–6142–26–10
SS
T
= +258C
A
VS, VD – Volts
0.2
0.1
0.0
LEAKAGE CURRENTS – nA
–0.1
–0.2
Figure 6. Leakage Currents as a Function of VD (VS)
IS (OFF)
ID (ON)
ID (OFF)
10
Figure 9. Switching Time vs. Temperature
–5–REV. D
ADG438F/ADG439F
Q1Q2Q3
+55V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
Q1Q2Q3
–40V
OVERVOLTAGE
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
ON
p-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
V
D
S1
S2
S8
V
S
V
SS
V
DD
I
D
(OFF)
V
SS
V
DD
+0.8V
D
EN
A
THEORY OF OPERATION
The ADG438F/ADG439F multiplexers are capable of withstanding overvoltages from –40 V to +55 V, irrespective of
whether the power supplies are present or not. Each channel of
the multiplexer consists of an n-channel MOSFET, a p-channel
MOSFET and an n-channel MOSFET, connected in series.
When the analog input exceeds the power supplies, one of the
MOSFETs will switch off, limiting the current to sub-microamp
levels, thereby preventing the overvoltage from damaging any
circuitry following the multiplexer. Figure 12 illustrates the
channel architecture that enables these multiplexers to withstand continuous overvoltages.
When an analog input of V
+ 1.2 V to VDD – 0.8 V is applied
SS
to the ADG438F/ADG439F, the multiplexer behaves as a
standard multiplexer, with specifications similar to a standard
multiplexer, for example, the on-resistance is 180 Ω typically.
However, when an overvoltage is applied to the device, one of
the three MOSFETs will turn off.
Figures 10 to 13 show the conditions of the three MOSFETs for
the various overvoltage situations. When the analog input applied to an ON channel approaches the positive power supply
line, the n-channel MOSFET turns OFF since the voltage on
the analog input exceeds the difference between V
OVERVOLTAGE
+55V
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
OFF
Q1Q2Q3
V
DD
V
SS
and the
DD
Figure 10. +55 V Overvoltage Input to the ON Channel
n-channel threshold voltage (VTN). When a voltage more negative than V
is applied to the multiplexer, the p-channel
SS
MOSFET will turn off since the analog input is more negative
than the difference between V
voltage (V
TP
).
and the p-channel threshold
SS
When the power supplies are present but the channel is off,
again either the p-channel MOSFET or one of the n-channel
MOSFETs will remain off when an overvoltage occurs.
Finally, when the power supplies are off, the gate of each
MOSFET will be at ground. A negative overvoltage switches on
the first n-channel MOSFET but the bias produced by the
overvoltage causes the p-channel MOSFET to remain turned
off. With a positive overvoltage, the first MOSFET in the series
will remain off since the gate to source voltage applied to this
MOSFET is negative.
During fault conditions, the leakage current into and out of the
ADG438F/ADG439F is limited to a few microamps. This protects the multiplexer and succeeding circuitry from over stresses
as well as protecting the signal sources which drive the multiplexer. Also, the other channels of the multiplexer will be
undisturbed by the overvoltage and will continue to operate
normally.
Figure 12. +55 V Overvoltage with Power OFF
Test Circuits
OVERVOLTAGE
–40V
n-CHANNEL
MOSFET IS
ON
Q1Q2Q3
p-CHANNEL
V
SS
V
DD
MOSFET IS
OFF
Figure 11. –40 V Overvoltage on an OFF Channel with
Multiplexer Power ON
I
DS
I
(OFF)
V1
S
V
S
= V1/I
R
ON
DS
Test Circuit 1. On Resistance
D
S
A
V
S
S1
S2
S8
V
D
Test Circuit 2. IS (OFF)
Figure 13. –40 V Overvoltage with Power OFF
V
V
V
DD
DD
SS
V
SS
D
EN
+0.8V
Test Circuit 3. ID (OFF)
–6–REV. D
ADG438F/ADG439F
V
DD
ADG438F*
GND
t
TRANSITION
0V0V
SS
S1
S8
D
90%
V
S
DD
V
DD
V
SS
V
SS
D
EN
ADDRESS
DRIVE (VIN)
V
OUT
3V
+0.8V
0VA
V
D
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
V
A2
A1
A0
EN
Test Circuit 6. Input Leakage Current
(with Power Supplies OFF)
50%
t
TRANSITION
90%
50%
V
S1
S2
S8
V
S
Test Circuit 4. ID (ON)
V
DD
V
SS
V
SS
DD
EN
I
(ON)
D
D
A
V
D
+2.4V
A
V
S
Test Circuit 5. Input Leakage Current
V
S1
S2
S8
(with Overvoltage)
V
V
V
A2
V
IN
50V
+2.4V
A1
A0
EN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
DD
V
DD
S2 THRU S7
ADG438F*
GND
SS
SS
V
S1
S1
V
S8
S8
D
R
L
1MV
C
L
35pF
V
OUT
Test Circuit 7. Switching Time of Multiplexer, t
V
V
V
A2
V
50V
IN
+2.4V
A1
A0
ADG438F*
EN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
DD
DD
S2 THRU S7
GND
SS
ADDRESS
V
OUT
3V
V
SS
S1
S8
D
R
L
1kV
V
S
C
L
35pF
DRIVE (VIN)
V
OUT
Test Circuit 8. Break-Before-Make Delay, t
V
V
DD
SS
V
V
A2
A1
A0
DD
S2 THRU S8
SS
S1
V
S
DRIVE (VIN)
ADG438F*
EN
V
50V
IN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
GND
D
R
L
1kV
C
L
35pF
V
OUT
ENABLE
OUTPUT
3V
0V
V
O
0V
Test Circuit 9. Enable Delay, tON (EN), t
TRANSITION
OPEN
(EN)
OFF
50%
80%
0.9V
t
t
OPEN
O
ON
(EN)
50%
80%
0.9V
t
OFF
O
(EN)
–7–REV. D
ADG438F/ADG439F
A2
V
OUT
V
SS
V
DD
D
A1
A0
EN
GND
ADG438F*
1kV
V
SS
V
DD
S1
V
S
2.4V
S2
S8
1kV
CROSSTALK = 20 LOG V
OUT/VIN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
16
9
81
0.3937 (10.00)
0.3859 (9.80)
0.2440 (6.20)
0.2284 (5.80)
0.1574 (4.00)
0.1497 (3.80)
PIN 1
SEATING
PLANE
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0040 (0.10)
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.0688 (1.75)
0.0532 (1.35)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
0.0099 (0.25)
0.0075 (0.19)
0.0500 (1.27)
0.0160 (0.41)
88
08
0.0196 (0.50)
0.0099 (0.25)
3 458
R
S
V
S
V
IN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
V
DD
V
DD
A2
A1
ADG438F*
A0
EN
* SIMILAR CONNECTION FOR ADG439F
GND
V
V
SS
SS
A2
A1
A0
S
EN
S1
S8
D
V
DD
V
DD
ADG438F*
GND
R
L
1kV
V
SS
V
SS
D
C
1nF
V
OUT
L
3V
LOGIC
INPUT (VIN)
0V
V
OUT
Q
INJ
= CL 3DV
OUT
D V
OUT
Test Circuit 10. Charge Injection
C1992c–0–2/00 (rev. D)
V
V
OUT
S
Test Circuit 11. OFF Isolation
0.210 (5.33)
0.160 (4.06)
0.115 (2.93)
16-Lead SOIC (R-16W)
(Wide Body)
0.4133 (10.50)
0.3977 (10.00)
169
MAX
0.022 (0.558)
0.014 (0.356)
Test Circuit 12. Channel-to-Channel Crosstalk
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
Dimensions shown in inches and (mm).
16-Lead Plastic (N-16)
0.840 (21.34)
0.745 (18.92)
16
1
PIN 1
0.100
(2.54)
BSC
9
8
0.070 (1.77)
0.045 (1.15)
0.280 (7.11)
0.240 (6.10)
0.060 (1.52)
0.015 (0.38)
0.130
(3.30)
MIN
SEATING
PLANE
0.325 (8.26)
0.300 (7.62)
0.015 (0.381)
0.008 (0.204)
0.195 (4.95)
0.115 (2.93)
16-Lead SOIC (R-16N)
(Narrow Body)
81
0.0118 (0.30)
0.0040 (0.10)
0.0500
(1.27)
BSC
PIN 1
0.0192 (0.49)
0.0138 (0.35)
0.1043 (2.65)
0.0926 (2.35)
0.2992 (7.60)
0.2914 (7.40)
SEATING
PLANE
0.4193 (10.65)
0.3937 (10.00)
0.0125 (0.32)
0.0091 (0.23)
0.0291 (0.74)
0.0098 (0.25)
0.0500 (1.27)
8°
0°
0.0157 (0.40)
x 45°
–8–
PRINTED IN U.S.A.
REV. D
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