2.7 V to 3.3 V power supply
Separate charge pump supply (V
tuning voltage in 3 V systems
Programmable charge pump currents
3-wire serial interface
Analog and digital lock detect
Hardware and software power-down mode
104 MHz phase detector
APPLICATIONS
Clock conditioning
Clock generation
IF LO generation
REF
IN
CLK
DATA
LE
24-BIT INP UT
REGISTER
SD
OUT
) allows extended
P
DV
DD
DD
22
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The ADF4002 frequency synthesizer is used to implement local
oscillators in the upconversion and downconversion sections of
wireless receivers and transmitters. It consists of a low noise
digital phase frequency detector (PFD), a precision charge
pump, a programmable reference divider, and programmable
N divider. The 14-bit reference counter (R counter) allows
selectable REFIN frequencies at the PFD input. A complete
phase-locked loop (PLL) can be implemented if the synthesizer
is used with an external loop filter and voltage controlled
oscillator (VCO). In addition, by programming R and N to 1,
the part can be used as a standalone PFD and charge pump.
FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
14-BIT
R COUNTER
14
R COUNTER
LATCH
FUNCTION
LATCH
N COUNTER
LATCH
P
PHASE
FREQUENCY
DETECTOR
LOCK
DETECT
CPGND
CPI3 CPI2 CPI1
AV
DD
SD
OUT
CURRENT
SETTING 1
MUX
REFERENCE
CHARGE
PUMP
CPI6 CPI5 CPI 4
R
CURRENT
SETTING 2
HIGH Z
ADF4002
SET
CP
MUXOU
RFINA
RF
IN
B
CE
AGND
N COUNTER
DGND
13-BIT
Rev. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no
responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her
rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No
license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
ICP Three-State Leakage 1 nA TA = 25°C
ICP vs. VCP 1.5 % 0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP − 0.5 V
Sink and Source Current Matching 2 % 0.5 V ≤ VCP ≤ VP − 0.5 V
ICP vs. Temperature 2 % VCP = VP/2
LOGIC INPUTS
VIH, Input High Voltage 1.4 V
VIL, Input Low Voltage 0.6 V
I
, I
, Input Current ±1 μA
INH
INL
CIN, Input Capacitance 10 pF
LOGIC OUTPUTS
VOH, Output High Voltage 1.4 V Open-drain output chosen, 1 kΩ pull-up resistor to 1.8 V
VOH, Output High Voltage VDD − 0.4 V CMOS output chosen
IOH 100 μA
VOL, Output Low Voltage 0.4 V IOL = 500 μA
POWER SUPPLIES
AVDD 2.7 3.3 V
DVDD AVDD
VP AVDD 5.5 V AVDD ≤ VP ≤ 5.5 V
5
I
(AIDD + DIDD) 5.0 6.0 mA
DD
IP 0.4 mA TA = 25°C
Power-Down Mode 1 μA AIDD + DIDD
NOISE CHARACTERISTICS
− 10logF
6
−222 dBc/Hz
− 20logN. All phase noise measurements were performed with an Agilent E5500 phase noise test system, using the
PFD
Normalized Phase Noise Floor
1
Operating temperature range (B version) is −40°C to +85°C.
2
AVDD = DVDD = 3 V.
3
AC coupling ensures AVDD/2 bias.
4
Guaranteed by design. Sample tested to ensure compliance.
5
TA = 25°C; AVDD = DVDD = 3 V; RFIN = 350 MHz. The current for any other setup (25°C, 3.0 V) in mA is given by 2.35 + 0.0046 (REFIN) + 0.0062 (RF), RF frequency and REFIN
frequency in MHz.
6
The normalized phase noise floor is estimated by measuring the in-band phase noise at the output of the VCO and subtracting 20logN (where N is the N divider value)
and 10logF
EVAL-ADF4002EB1 and the HP8644B as the PLL reference.
t1 10 ns min DATA to CLK setup time
t2 10 ns min DATA to CLK hold time
t3 25 ns min CLK high duration
t4 25 ns min CLK low duration
t5 10 ns min CLK to LE setup time
t6 20 ns min LE pulse width
1
Guaranteed by design, but not production tested.
2
Operating temperature range (B version) is −40°C to +85°C.
Timing Diagram
t
t
3
4
CLK
DATA
LE
LE
DB23 (MSB)
t
t
1
2
DB22
DB2
DB1 (CONTR OL
BIT C2)
DB0 (LSB)
(CONTROL BIT C1)
t
5
t
6
Figure 2. Timing Diagram
06052-022
Rev. A | Page 4 of 20
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS
TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
Table 3.
Parameter Rating
AVDD to GND1 −0.3 V to +3.6 V
AVDD to DVDD −0.3 V to +0.3 V
VP to GND −0.3 V to +5.8 V
VP to AVDD −0.3 V to +5.8 V
Digital I/O Voltage to GND −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Analog I/O Voltage to GND −0.3 V to VP + 0.3 V
REFIN, RFINA, RFINB to GND −0.3 V to VDD + 0.3 V
Operating Temperature Range
Industrial (B Version) −40°C to +85°C
Storage Temperature Range −65°C to +125°C
Maximum Junction Temperature 150°C
Lead Temperature, Soldering
Vapor Phase (60 sec) 215°C
Infrared (15 sec) 220°C
Transistor Count
CMOS 6425
Bipolar 303
1
GND = AGND = DGND = 0 V.
Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings
may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress
rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any
other conditions above those indicated in the operational
section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute
maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect
device reliability.
This device is a high performance RF integrated circuit with an
ESD rating of <2 kV, and it is ESD sensitive. Proper precautions
should be taken for handling and assembly.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Table 4. Thermal Impedance
Package Type θJA Unit
TSSOP 150.4 °C/W
LFCSP 122 °C/W
ESD CAUTION
Rev. A | Page 5 of 20
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
PIN CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
DD
DD
R
SET
CP
CPGND
AGND
RFINB
RF
IN
AV
REF
A
DD
IN
1
INDICATO R
2
3
4
ADF4002
TOP VIEW
5
(Not to Scale)
6
7
8
16
15
14
13
12
11
10
9
V
P
DV
DD
MUXOUT
LE
DATA
CLK
CE
DGND
PIN 1
Figure 3. TSSOP Pin Configuration (Top View)
Table 5. Pin Function Descriptions
Pin No.
TSSOP LFCSP Mnemonic Description
1 19 R
SET
Connecting a resistor between this pin and CPGND sets the max
nominal voltage potential at the R
I
MAXCP
2 20 CP
where R
Charge Pump Output. When enabled, this provides ±I
= 5.1 kΩ and I
SET
external VCO.
3 1 CPGND
4 2, 3 AGND
5 4 RF
B
IN
Charge Pump Ground. This is the ground return path for the charge pump.
Analog Ground. This is the ground return path of the RF input.
Complementary Input to the RF Input. This point must be decoupled to the ground plane with a small
bypass capacitor, typically 100 pF. See Figure 11.
6 5 RF
7 6, 7 AV
A Input to the RF Input. This small signal input is ac-coupled to the external VCO.
IN
DD
Analog Power Supply. This can range from 2.7 V to 3.3 V. Decoupling capacitors to the analog ground
plane should be placed as close as possible to the AV
8 8 REF
IN
Reference Input. This is a CMOS input with a nominal threshold of V
resistance of 100 kΩ. See Figure 10. This input can be driven from a TTL or CMOS crystal oscillator or it can
be ac
-coupled.
9 9, 10 DGND
10 11 CE
Digital Ground.
Chip Enable. A logic low on this pin powers down the device and puts the charge pump output into three-
state mode. Taking this pin high powers up the device, depending on the status of the Power-Down Bit F2.
11 12 CLK
Serial Clock Input. This serial clock is used to clock in the serial data to the registers. The data is latched into
the 24-bit shift register on the CLK rising edge. This input is a high impedance CMOS input.
12 13 DATA
Serial Data Input. The serial data is loaded MSB first with the two LSBs being the control bits. This input is a
high impedance CMOS input.
13 14 LE
Load Enable, CMOS Input. When LE goes high, the data stored in the shift registers is loaded into one of
the four latches; the latch is selected using the control bits.
14 15 MUXOUT
Multiplexer Output. This allows either the lock detect, the scaled RF, or the scaled reference frequency to
be accessed externally.
15 16, 17 DV
DD
Digital Power Supply. This can range from 2.7 V to 3.3 V. Decoupling capacitors to the digital ground plane
should be placed as close as possible to this pin. DV
16 18 V
P
Charge Pump Power Supply. This should be greater than or equal to V
be set to 5.5 V and used to drive a VCO with a tuning range of up to 5 V.
CPGND 1
AGND 2
AGND 3
RFINB
4
RF
5
A
IN
06052-002
Figure 4. LFCSP Pin Configuration (Top View)
pin is 0.66 V. The relationship between ICP and R
SET
25.5
=
R
SET
= 5 mA.
CP MAX
to the external loop filter that, in turn, drives the
CP
pin. AVDD must be the same value as DVDD.
DD
must be the same value as AVDD.
DD
SETVP
DV
R
DV
20 CP
191817
16
PIN 1
INDICATOR
ADF4002
TOP VIEW
(Not to Scale)
6
7
DD
DD
AV
AV
8
REF
15 MUXOUT
14 LE
13 DATA
12 CLK
11 CE
IN
6052-003
DGND 9
DGND 10
imum charge pump output current. The
is
SET
/2 and a dc equivalent input
DD
. In systems where VDD is 3 V, it can
DD
Rev. A | Page 6 of 20
ADF4002
–
–
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS
0
–5
–10
–15
–20
POWER (dBm)
+85°C
–25
–30
–35
–40
0100200300400500600
+25°C
–40°C
FREQUENCY (MHz )
Figure 5. RF Input Sensitivity
06052-027
130
–135
–140
–145
–155
–160
–165
PHASE NOISE ( dBc/Hz)
–170
–175
–180
100k1M10M100M1G
PFD FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 8. Phase Noise (Referred to CP Output) vs. PFD Frequency
The reference input stage is shown in Figure 10. SW1 and SW2
are normally closed switches. SW3 is normally open. When
power-down is initiated, SW3 is closed and SW1 and SW2 are
opened. This ensures that there is no loading of the REF
IN
pin
on power-down.
POWER-DOW N
CONTROL
100kΩ
NC
REF
SW2
IN
NC
SW1
SW3
NO
Figure 10. Reference Input Stage
BUFFER
TO R COUNTER
RF INPUT STAGE
The RF input stage is shown in Figure 11. It is followed by a
2-stage limiting amplifier to generate the CML clock levels
needed for the N counter.
RFINA
RF
IN
BIAS
GENERATOR
B
Figure 11. RF Input Stage
500Ω
1.6V
500Ω
AV
AGND
DD
06052-014
N COUNTER
The N CMOS counter allows a wide ranging division ratio in
the PLL feedback counter. Division ratios from 1 to 8191 are
allowed.
N and R Relationship
The N counter makes it possible to generate output frequencies
that are spaced only by the reference frequency divided by R.
06052-013
The equation for the VCO frequency is
VCO
×=
R
f
REFIN
Nf
where:
is the output frequency of external voltage controlled
f
VCO
oscillator (VCO).
N is the preset divide ratio of binary 13-bit counter (1 to 8191).
f
is the external reference frequency oscillator.
REFIN
FROM N
COUNTER LATCH
FROM RF
INPUT STAGE
13-BIT N
COUNTER
TO PFD
06052-021
Figure 12. N Counter
R COUNTER
The 14-bit R counter allows the input reference frequency to be
divided down to produce the reference clock to the phase
frequency detector (PFD). Division ratios from 1 to 16,383 are
allowed.
PHASE FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD) AND
CHARGE PUMP
The PFD takes inputs from the R counter and N counter and
produces an output proportional to the phase and frequency
difference between them. Figure 13 is a simplified schematic.
The P
FD includes a programmable delay element that controls
the width of the antibacklash pulse. This pulse ensures that
there is no dead zone in the PFD transfer function, and
minimizes phase noise and reference spurs. Two bits in the
reference counter latch (ABP2 and ABP1) control the width of
the pulse. See
ulse width is not recommended.
p
R DIVIDER
Figure 16 for details. The smallest antibacklash
UP
HI
Q1
U1
CLR1
PROGRAMMABLE
ABP2
DELAY
U3
ABP1
P
CHARGE
PUMP
CP
Rev. A | Page 8 of 20
CLR2
HID1D2
N DIVIDER
DOWN
Q2
U2
Figure 13. PFD Simplified Schematic and Timing (In Lock)
CPGND
06052-023
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
MUXOUT AND LOCK DETECT
The output multiplexer on the ADF4002 allows the user to
access various internal points on the chip. The state of
MUXOUT is controlled by M3, M2, and M1 in the function
latch.
Figure 18 shows the full truth table. Figure 14 shows the
OUT section in block diagram form.
MUX
DV
DD
ANALOG LOCK DETECT
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT
R COUNTER OUTPUT
N COUNTER OUTPUT
SDOUT
Lock Detect
MUXOUT can be programmed for two types of lock detect:
digital lock detect and analog lock detect.
Digital lock detect is active high. When LDP in the R counter
la
tch is set to 0, digital lock detect is set high when the phase
error on three consecutive phase detector (PD) cycles is less
than 15 ns. With LDP set to 1, five consecutive cycles of less
than 15 ns are required to set the lock detect. It stays set at high
until a phase error of greater than 25 ns is detected on any
subsequent PD cycle. For PFD frequencies greater than 10 MHz,
MUX
Figure 14. MUXOUT Circuit
CONTROL
MUXOUT
DGND
06052-024
analog lock detect is more accurate because of the smaller pulse
widths.
The N-channel, open-drain, analog lock detect should be
erated with an external pull-up resistor of 10 kΩ nominal.
op
When lock has been detected, this output is high with narrow,
low going pulses.
INPUT SHIFT REGISTER
The ADF4002 digital section includes a 24-bit input shift
register, a 14-bit R counter, and a 13-bit N counter. Data is
clocked into the 24-bit shift register on each rising edge of CLK.
The data is clocked in MSB first. Data is transferred from the
shift register to one of four latches on the rising edge of LE. The
destination latch is determined by the state of the two control
bits (C2, C1) in the shift register. These are the two LSBs, DB1
and DB0, as shown in the timing diagram (see
p
rovides the truth table for these bits. Figure 15 shows a
summa
ry of how the latches are programmed.
Table 6. C2, C1 Truth Table
Control Bits
C2 C1
0 0 R Counter
0 1 N Counter
1 0 Function Latch
1 1 Initialization Latch
BOTH OF THESE BITS
MUST BE SET TO 0 FOR
NORMAL OPERATION.
TEST MODE BITS
SHOULD BE SET
TO 00 FOR NORMAL
OPERATION.
OPERATION
THREE CONSECUT IVE CYCLES OF PHASE DELAY LESS THAN
15ns MUST OCCUR BEFORE LO CK DETECT IS SET.
FIVE CONSECUTIVE CYCL ES OF PHASE DELAY LESS THAN
15ns MUST OCCUR BEFORE LO CK DETECT IS SET.
Figure 16. Reference Counter Latch Map
06052-025
Rev. A | Page 11 of 20
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
N COUNTER LATCH MAP
RESERVED
DB22DB23
XX
13-BIT N COUNTE R
CP GAIN
DB21
G1
DB19
DB20
X = DON’T CARE
N13N12N11N3N2N1
000..........000
000..........001
000..........010
000..........011
................
................
................
111..........100
111..........101
111..........110
111..........111
DB18 DB17
DB16 DB15 DB14
DB13 DB12 DB 11
DB10 DB9
N COUNTER DIVIDE RATIO
NOT ALLOWED
1
2
3
.
.
.
8188
8189
8190
8191
DB8
DB7
DB6
RESERVED
DB5
DB4 DB3
CONTROL
DB2DB1
C2 (0) C1 (1)B1B2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9B10B11B12B13XXXXXX
BITS
DB0
F4 (FUNCTION LATCH)
FASTLOCK ENA BLE
00
0
1
11
THESE BITS ARE NOT USED
BY THE DEVICE AND ARE
DON'T CARE BI TS.
OPERATIONCP GAIN
CHARGE PUMP CURRENT
1
0
SETTING 1 IS PERMANENTLY USED.
CHARGE PUMP CURRENT
SETTING 2 IS PERMANENTLY USED.
CHARGE PUMP CURRENT
SETTING 1 IS USED.
CHARGE PUMP CURRENT IS
SWITCHED TO SETT ING 2. T HE
TIME SPENT IN SETTING 2 IS
DEPENDENT ON WHICH FASTLOCK
MODE IS USED. SEE FUNCTION
LATCH DESCRIPTION.
THESE BITS ARE NOT USED
BY THE DEVICE AND ARE
DON'T CARE BI TS.
THREE-STATE OUTPUT
DIGITAL LOCK DETECT
(ACTIVE HI GH)
N DIVIDER OUT PUT
DV
DD
R DIVIDER OUT PUT
N-CHANNEL O PEN-DRAIN
LOCK DETECT
SERIAL DATA OUTPUT
DGND
I
CPI6CPI5CP14
CPI3CPI2CPI1
000
001
010
011
100
101
110
111
CE PIN
0
1
101
111
THESE BITS ARE NOT USED
BY THE DEVICE AND ARE
DON'T CARE BIT S.
PD2PD1MODE
X
X0
3kΩ5.1kΩ11kΩ
1.088
2.176
3.264
4.352
5.440
6.528
7.616
8.704
ASYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN
X
NORMAL OPERATION
ASYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN
SYNCHRONOUS POWER-DOWN
CP
0.625
1.250
1.875
2.500
3.125
3.750
4.375
5.000
(mA)
0.294
0.588
0.882
1.176
1.470
1.764
2.058
2.352
Figure 19. Initialization Latch Map
Rev. A | Page 14 of 20
06052-036
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
FUNCTION LATCH
With C2, C1 set to 1, 0, the on-chip function latch is
programmed. Figure 18 shows the input data format for
gramming the function latch.
pro
Counter Reset
DB2 (F1) is the counter reset bit. When this bit is set to 1, the
R counter and the N counter are reset. For normal operation,
set this bit to 0. Upon powering up, the F1 bit needs to be
disabled (set to 0). Then, the N counter resumes counting in
close alignment with the R counter (the maximum error is one
prescaler cycle).
Power-Down
DB3 (PD1) and DB21 (PD2) provide programmable powerdown modes. These bits are enabled by the CE pin.
When the CE pin is low, the device is immediately disabled
r
egardless of the states of the PD2, PD1 bits.
In the programmed asynchronous power-down, the device
p
owers down immediately after latching a 1 into Bit PD1, with
the condition that Bit PD2 has been loaded with a 0.
In the programmed synchronous power-down, the device
ower-down is gated by the charge pump to prevent unwanted
p
frequency jumps. Once the power-down is enabled by writing
a 1 into Bit PD1 (on condition that a 1 has also been loaded to
Bit PD2), then the device enters power-down on the occurrence
of the next charge pump event.
When a power-down is activated (either in synchronous or
asy
nchronous mode, including a CE pin activated power-
down), the following events occur:
•A
ll active dc current paths are removed.
• The R
• The cha
• The dig
• The RFIN
• The r
• The i
MUXOUT Control
The on-chip multiplexer is controlled by M3, M2, and M1 on
the ADF4002. Figure 18 shows the truth table.
Fastlock Enable Bit
DB9 of the function latch is the fastlock enable bit. Only when
this is 1 is fastlock enabled.
, N, and timeout counters are forced to their load
state conditions.
rge pump is forced into three-state mode.
ital lock detect circuitry is reset.
input is debiased.
eference input buffer circuitry is disabled.
nput register remains active and capable of loading
and latching data.
Fastlock Mode Bit
DB10 of the function latch is the fastlock mode bit. When
fastlock is enabled, this bit determines the fastlock mode to be
used. If the fastlock mode bit is 0, then Fastlock Mode 1 is
selected, and if the fastlock mode bit is 1, then Fastlock Mode 2
is selected.
Fastlock Mode 1
In this mode, the charge pump current is switched to the
contents of Current Setting 2. The device enters fastlock by
having a 1 written to the CP gain bit in the N counter latch. The
device exits fastlock by having a 0 written to the CP gain bit in
the AB counter latch.
Fastlock Mode 2
In this mode, the charge pump current is switched to the
contents of Current Setting 2. The device enters fastlock by
having a 1 written to the CP gain bit in the N counter latch. The
device exits fastlock under the control of the timer counter.
After the timeout period determined by the value in TC4 to
TC1, the CP gain bit in the N counter latch is automatically
reset to 0 and the device reverts to normal mode instead of
fastlock. See
Figure 18 for the timeout periods.
Timer Counter Control
The user has the option of programming two charge pump
currents. The intent is to use the Current Setting 1 when the
RF output is stable and the system is in a static state. Current
Setting 2 is meant to be used when the system is dynamic and
in a state of change, that is, when a new output frequency is
programmed.
The normal sequence of events is as follows:
The user initially decides the referred charge pump currents.
or example, the choice can be 2.5 mA as Current Setting 1 and
F
5 mA as Current Setting 2.
At the same time, the decision must be made as to how long the
econdary current is to stay active before reverting to the
s
primary current. This is controlled by Timer Counter Control
Bit DB14 to Timer Counter Control Bit DB11 (TC4 to TC1) in
the function latch. See
To program a new output frequency, simply program the N
ounter latch with a new value for N. At the same time, the CP
c
gain bit can be set to 1. This sets the charge pump with the
value in CPI6 to CPI4 for a period of time determined by TC4
to TC1. When this time is up, the charge pump current reverts
to the value set by CPI3 to CPI1. At the same time, the CP gain
bit in the N counter latch is reset to 0 and is ready for the next
time that the user wishes to change the frequency.
Note that there is an enable feature on the timer counter. It is
ena
bled when Fastlock Mode 2 is chosen by setting the Fastlock
Mode Bit DB10 in the function latch to 1.
Figure 18 for the truth table.
Rev. A | Page 15 of 20
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
Charge Pump Currents
CPI3, CPI2, and CPI1 program Current Setting 1 for the charge
pump. CPI6, CPI5, and CPI4 program Current Setting 2 for the
charge pump. See
Figure 18 for the truth table.
PD Polarity
This bit sets the phase detector polarity bit (see Figure 18).
CP Three-State
This bit controls the CP output pin. Setting the bit high puts the
CP output into three-state. With the bit set low, the CP output
is enabled.
INITIALIZATION LATCH
The initialization latch is programmed when C2, C1 = 1, 1. This
is essentially the same as the function latch (programmed when
C2, C1 = 1, 0).
However, when the initialization latch is programmed there is
n additional internal reset pulse applied to the R and N
a
counters. This pulse ensures that the N counter is at load point
when the N counter data is latched and the device begins
counting in close phase alignment.
If the latch is programmed for synchronous power-down (CE
p
in is high; PD1 bit is high; and PD2 bit is low), the internal
pulse also triggers this power-down. The prescaler reference
and the oscillator input buffer are unaffected by the internal
reset pulse, thereby maintaining close phase alignment when
counting resumes.
When the first N counter data is latched after initialization, the
in
ternal reset pulse is reactivated. However, successive AB
counter loads after this do not trigger the internal reset pulse.
Device Programming After Initial Power-Up
After initially powering up the device, there are three ways to
program the device.
Initialization Latch Method
1. Apply V
2. Pr
ogram the initialization latch (11 in two LSBs of input
word). Make sure that the F1 bit is programmed to 0.
3. C
onduct a function latch load (10 in two LSBs of the
control word). Make sure that the F1 bit is programmed to 0.
erform an R load (00 in two LSBs).
4. P
5. P
erform an N load (01 in two LSBs).
DD
.
When the initialization latch is loaded, the following occurs:
• The f
• A
• L
unction latch contents are loaded.
n internal pulse resets the R, N, and timeout counters to
load state conditions and three-states the charge pump.
Note that the prescaler band gap reference and the oscillator input buffer are unaffected by the internal reset pulse,
allowing close phase alignment when counting resumes.
atching the first N counter data after the initialization
word activates the same internal reset pulse. Successive N
loads do not trigger the internal reset pulse unless there is
another initialization.
CE Pin Method
1. Apply V
2. Br
asynchronous power-down because it happens immediately.
rogram the function latch (10).
3. P
4. P
rogram the R counter latch (00).
5. Pr
6. B
ring CE high to take the device out of power-down. The
R and N counters resume counting in close alignment.
Note that after CE goes high, a duration of 1 μs can be
required for the prescaler band gap voltage and oscillator
input buffer bias to reach steady state.
CE can be used to power the device up and down to check for
nnel activity. The input register does not need to be
cha
reprogrammed each time the device is disabled and enabled, as
long as it has been programmed at least once after V
initially applied.
.
DD
ing CE low to put the device into power-down. This is an
ogram the N counter latch (01).
was
DD
Counter Reset Method
1. Apply V
2. Do a f
step, load 1 to the F1 bit. This enables the counter reset.
erform an R counter load (00 in two LSBs).
3. P
4. P
erform an N counter load (01 in two LSBs).
5. Do a f
step, load 0 to the F1 bit. This disables the counter reset.
This sequence provides the same close alignment as the
i
nitialization method. It offers direct control over the internal
reset. Note that counter reset holds the counters at load point
and three-states the charge pump, but does not trigger
synchronous power-down.
.
DD
unction latch load (10 in two LSBs). As part of this
unction latch load (10 in two LSBs). As part of this
Rev. A | Page 16 of 20
ADF4002
V
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APPLICATIONS
VERY LOW JITTER ENCODE CLOCK FOR HIGH
SPEED CONVERTERS
Figure 20 shows the ADF4002 with a VCXO to provide the
encode clock for a high speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC).
The converter used in this application is an AD9215-80, a 12-bit
co
nverter that accepts up to an 80 MHz encode clock. To realize
a stable low jitter clock, use a 77.76 MHz, narrow band VCXO.
This example assumes a 19.44 MHz reference clock.
To minimize the phase noise contribution of the ADF4002, the
mallest multiplication factor of 4 is used. Thus, the R divider is
s
programmed to 1, and the N divider is programmed to 4.
The charge pump output of the ADF4002 (Pin 2) drives the
op filter. The loop filter bandwidth is optimized for the best
lo
possible rms jitter, a key factor in the signal-to-noise ratio
(SNR) of the ADC. Too narrow a bandwidth allows the VCXO
noise to dominate at small offsets from the carrier frequency.
Too wide a bandwidth allows the ADF4002 noise to dominate at
offsets where the VCXO noise is lower than the ADF4002 noise.
Thus, the intersection of the VCXO noise and the ADF4002 inband noise is chosen as the optimum loop filter bandwidth.
The design of the loop filter uses the ADIsimPLL (Version 3.0)
nd is available as a free download from www.analog.com/pll.
a
The r
ms jitter is measured at <1.2 ps. This level is lower than
the maximum allowable 6 ps rms required to ensure the
theoretical SNR performance of 59 dB for this converter.
The setup shown in Figure 20 using the ADF4002, AD9215, and
HSC-A
DC-EVALA-SC allows the user to quickly and effectively
determine the suitability of the converter and encode clock. The
SPI® interface is used to control the ADF4002, and the USB interface helps control the operation of the AD9215-80. The controller
board sends back FFT information to the PC that, if using an
ADC analyzer, provides all conversion results from the ADC.
SPI
TCXO:
19.44MHz
AGILENT:
500kHz, 1.8V p -p
ADF4002
R = 1
PD
N = 4
Figure 20. ADF4002 as Encode Clock
VCXO: 77.76MHz
ENCODE
CLOCK
A
IN
AD9215-80
PC
USB
HC-ADC-EVALA-SC
06052-034
PFD
As the ADF4002 permits both R and N counters to be programmed to 1, the part can effectively be used as a standalone
PFD and charge pump. This is particularly useful in either a
clock cleaning application or a high performance LO. Additionally, the very low normalized phase noise floor (−222 dBc/Hz)
enables very low in-band phase noise levels. It is possible to
operate the PFD up to a maximum frequency of 104 MHz.
In Figure 21, the reference frequency equals the PFD; therefore,
R = 1. The c
harge pump output integrates into a stable control
voltage for the VCXO, and the output from the VCXO is divided
down to the desired PFD frequency using an external divider.
DD
16
157
DD
AVDDDV
IN
ADF4002
CPGND
AGND
DGND
943
P
2
P
V
R
SET
RFINA
RF
IN
CE
B
LOOP
FILTER
1
10kΩ
100pF
6
5
51Ω
100pF
DECOUPLING CAPACITORS AND
INTERFACE S IGNALS HAVE BE EN
OMITT ED FROM THE DIAGRAM IN
THE INTERESTS OF GREATER
CLARITY.
Figure 21. ADF4002 as a PFD
V
CC
GND
V
CC
V
CC
EXTERNAL PRES CALER
GND
VCO
OR
VCXO
100pF
100pF
18Ω
RF
OUT
18Ω
18Ω
06052-035
REF
V
8
REF
IN
INTERFACING
The ADF4002 has a simple SPI-compatible serial interface for
writing to the device. CLK, DATA, and LE control the data
transfer. When the latch enable (Pin LE) goes high, the 24 bits
that have been clocked into the input register on each rising
edge of CLK are transferred to the appropriate latch. For more
information, see
th
e latch truth table.
The maximum allowable serial clock rate is 20 MHz. This
m
eans that the maximum update rate possible for the device is
833 kHz, or one update every 1.2 μs. This is certainly more than
adequate for systems that have typical lock times in hundreds of
microseconds.
Figure 2 for the timing diagram and Table 6 for
Rev. A | Page 17 of 20
ADF4002
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
ADuC812 Interface
Figure 22 shows the interface between the ADF4002 and the
ADuC812 MicroConverter®. Because the ADuC812 is based on
a
n 8051 core, this interface can be used with any 8051-based
microcontroller. The MicroConverter is set up for SPI master
mode with CPHA = 0. To initiate the operation, the I/O port
driving LE is brought low. Each latch of the ADF4002 needs a
24-bit word. This is accomplished by writing three 8-bit bytes
from the MicroConverter to the device. When the third byte
has been written, bring the LE input high to complete the
transfer.
On first applying power to the ADF4002, it needs four writes
(o
ne each to the initialization latch, function latch, R counter
latch, and N counter latch) for the output to become active.
I/O port lines on the ADuC812 are also used to control power-
wn (CE input) and to detect lock (MUXOUT configured as
do
lock detect and polled by the port input).
When operating in the SPI master mode, the maximum SCLOCK
te of the
ra
ra
te at which the output frequency can be changed is 166 kHz.
ADuC812 is 4 MHz. This means that the maximum
SCLOCK
MOSI
ADuC812
I/O PORTS
Figure 22. ADuC812 to ADF4002 Interface
CLK
DATA
ADF4002
LE
CE
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT )
06052-019
ADSP21xx Interface
Figure 23 shows the interface between the ADF4002 and the
ADSP21xx digital signal processor. The ADF4002 needs a
24-bit serial word for each latch write. The easiest way to accomplish this using the ADSP21xx family is to use the autobuffered
transmit mode of operation with alternate framing. This provides
a means for transmitting an entire block of serial data before an
interrupt is generated. Set up the word length for eight bits and
use three memory locations for each 24-bit word. To program
each 24-bit latch, store the three 8-bit bytes, enable the
autobuffered mode, and then write to the transmit register of
the DSP. This last operation initiates the autobuffer transfer.
SCLK
DT
ADSP21xx
TFS
I/O FLAGS
Figure 23. ADSP21xx to ADF4002 Interface
CLK
DATA
ADF4002
LE
CE
MUXOUT
(LOCK DETECT )
06052-020
PCB DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CHIP SCALE
PACKAGE
The lands on the lead frame chip scale package (CP-20-1) are
rectangular. The printed circuit board pad for these should be
0.1 mm longer than the package land length and 0.05 mm wider
than the package land width. The land should be centered on
the pad. This ensures that the solder joint size is maximized.
The bottom of the lead frame chip scale package has a central
thermal pad.
The thermal pad on the printed circuit board should be at least
rge as this exposed pad. On the printed circuit board, there
as la
should be a clearance of at least 0.25 mm between the thermal
pad and the inner edges of the pad pattern. This ensures that
shorting is avoided.
Thermal vias can be used on the printed circuit board thermal
ad to improve thermal performance of the package. If vias are
p
used, they should be incorporated into the thermal pad at a
1.2 mm pitch grid. The via diameter should be between 0.3 mm
and 0.33 mm and the via barrel should be plated with 1 oz
copper to plug the via.
The user should connect the printed circuit board thermal pad
to
AGND.
Rev. A | Page 18 of 20
ADF4002
R
www.BDTIC.com/ADI
OUTLINE DIMENSIONS
5.10
5.00
4.90
16
4.50
4.40
4.30
PIN 1
0.15
0.05
0.65
BSC
COPLANARITY
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-153-AB
Figure 24. 16-Lead Thin Shrink S
0.10
0.30
0.19
9
81
1.20
MAX
SEATING
PLANE
6.40
BSC
0.20
0.09
8°
0°
mall Outline Package [TSSOP]
0.75
0.60
0.45
(RU-16)
Dimensions shown in millimeters
0.60
MAX
0.60
MAX
0.75
0.55
0.35
COPLANARITY
0.08
16
15
11
10
PIN 1
INDICATOR
20
5
6
0.30
0.23
0.18
1
2.25
2.10 SQ
1.95
0.25 MIN
PIN 1
INDICATO
1.00
0.85
0.80
SEATING
PLANE
12° MAX
4.00
BSC SQ
VIEW
0.50
BSC
TOP
0.80 MAX
0.65 TYP
0.20
REF
3.75
BCS SQ
0.05 MAX
0.02 NOM
COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VGGD-1
Figure 25. 20-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]
(CP-20-1)
Dim
ensions shown in millimeters
ORDERING GUIDE
Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option