MCNS-DOCSIS, DVB-, DAVIC-Compliant
Set-Top Box and Cable Modem Applications
232 MHz Quadrature Digital Upconverter
12-Bit Direct IF DAC (TxDAC+
Up to 65 MHz Carrier Frequency DDS
Programmable Sampling Clock Rates
Selectable Interpolation Filter
Analog Tx Output Level Adjust
12-Bit, 33 MSPS Direct IF ADC
Dual 8-Bit, 16.5 MSPS Sampling IQ ADCs
Two 12-Bit ⌺-⌬ Auxiliary DACs
Direct Interface to AD8321/AD8325 or AD8322/AD8327
The AD9877 is a single-supply cable modem/set-top box
mixed-signal front end. The device contains a transmit path
interpolation filter, a complete quadrature digital upconverter,
and a transmit DAC. The receive path contains a 12-bit ADC
and dual 8-bit ADCs. All internally required clocks and an output
system clock are generated by the PLL from a single crystal or
clock input.
The transmit path interpolation filter provides upsampling factors
of 12⫻ or 16⫻ with an output signal bandwidth as high as 5.8 MHz.
Carrier frequencies up to 65 MHz with 26 bits of frequency tuning
resolution can be generated by the direct digital synthesizer (DDS).
The transmit DAC resolution is 12 bits and can run at sampling
rates as high as 232 MSPS. Analog output scaling from 0 dB to
7.5 dB in 0.5 dB steps is available to preserve SNR when reduced
output levels are required.
The 12-bit ADC has excellent undersampling performance,
allowing it to deliver better than 10 ENOBs with IF inputs up to
70 MHz. The 12-bit IF ADC can sample at a rate up to 33 MHz,
allowing it to process wideband signal inputs.
Two programmable sigma-delta DACs are available and can be used
to control external components, such as variable gain amplifiers
(VGAs) or voltage-controlled tuners.
The AD9877 integrates a CA port that enables a host processor
to control the AD8321/AD8325 or AD8322/AD8327 programmable gain amplifier (PGA) cable drivers via the MxFE SPORT.
The AD9877 is available in a 100-lead MQFP package. It offers
enhanced receive path undersampling performance and lower cost,
compared to the pin-compatible AD9873. The AD9877 is specified
over the extended industrial (–40
o
C to +85oC) temperature range.
MxFE is a trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
TxDAC+ is a registered trademark of Analog Devices, Inc.
REV. A
Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and
reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Analog Devices for its
use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties that
may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise
under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices.
= 54 MHz (M = 8 and N = 4). ADC sample frequencies derived from PLL (f
MCLK
(VAS = 3.3 V ⴞ 5%, V
= 3.3 V ⴞ 10%, f
DS
), R
MCLK
= 4.02 k⍀, max. fine gain, 75 ⍀ DAC load.)
SET
= 27 MHz, f
OSCIN
SYSCLK
= 216 MHz,
Test
ParameterTempLevelMinTypMaxUnit
SYSTEM CLOCK DAC SAMPLING, f
SYSCLK
Frequency Range (N = 4)FullII232MHz
Frequency Range (N = 3)FullII177MHz
OSCIN and XTAL CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency RangeFullII333MHz
Duty Cycle25ºCII355065%
Input Impedance25ºCIII100 3MΩ pF
MCLK JITTER
Cycle to Cycle (f
derived from PLL)25ºCIII6ps rms
MCLK
Tx DAC CHARACTERISTICS
ResolutionN/AN/A12Bits
Full-Scale Output CurrentFullII41020mA
Gain Error (using internal reference)FullII–2.5–1+2.5%FS
Offset Error25ºCIII±1.0%FS
Reference Voltage (REFIO Level)25ºCIII1.23V
Differential Nonlinearity (DNL)25ºCIII±2.5LSB
Integral Nonlinearity (INL)25ºCIII±8LSB
Output Capacitance25ºCIII5pF
Phase Noise @ 1 kHz Offset, 42 MHz Carrier25ºCIII–110dBc/Hz
Output Voltage Compliance RangeFullII–0.5+1.5V
Wideband SFDR
5 MHz Analog Out, I
65 MHz Analog Out,
= 10 mAFullI4855dBc
OUT
I
= 10 mAFullI4851dBc
OUT
Narrow-Band SFDR (±1 MHz Window):
65 MHz Analog Out, I
= 10 mAFullI5369dBc
OUT
Tx MODULATOR CHARACTERISTICS
I/Q OffsetFullII5055dB
Pass-Band Amplitude Ripple (f < f
Pass-Band Amplitude Ripple (f < f
Stop-Band Response (f > f
× 3/4)FullII–63dB
IQCLK
/8)FullII±0.1dB
IQCLK
/4)FullII±0.5dB
IQCLK
Tx GAIN CONTROL
Gain Step Size25ºCIII0.5dB
Gain Step Error25ºCIII0.05dB
Settling Time, 1% (Full-Scale Step)25ºCIII1.8µs
8-BIT ADC CHARACTERISTICS
ResolutionN/AN/A8Bits
Conversion RateFullII16.5MHz
Pipeline DelayN/AN/A3.5ADC Cycles
Offset Matching between I and Q ADCs±8.0LSBs
Gain Matching between I and Q ADCs±2.0LSBs
Analog Input
Input Voltage RangeFullII1Vppd
Differential Input Impedance25ºCIII42kΩpF
Full Power Bandwidth25ºCIII90MHz
Input Referred Noise25ºCIII600µV
Dynamic Performance (A
= –0.5 dBFS, f = 5 MHz)
IN
Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD)FullI40.847.3dB
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)FullI6.57.6Bits
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)FullI–60.1–50.0dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)FullI52.063.0dB
Reference Voltage Error
REFT8-REFB8 (0.5 V)FullI–100±10+100mV
–2–
REV. A
AD9877
Test
ParameterTempLevelMinTypMaxUnit
12-BIT ADC CHARACTERISTICS
ResolutionN/AN/A12Bits
Conversion RateFullII33MHz
Pipeline DelayN/AN/A5.5ADC Cycles
Analog Input
Input Voltage RangeFullIII2Vppd
Differential Input Impedance25ºCIII4.2kΩ, pF
Aperture Delay25ºCIII2.0ns
Aperture Uncertainty (Jitter)25ºCIII1.2ps rms
Full Power Bandwidth25ºCIII85MHz
Input Referred Noise25ºCIII75µV
Reference Voltage Error
REFT12-REFB12 (1 V)FullI–200±16+200mV
Dynamic Performance (A
ADC Sample Clock = OSCIN
Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD)FullI63.265.9dB
Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs)FullI10.210.7Bits
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)FullI63.766.2dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)FullI–79.1–68.3dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)FullI72.579.3dB
ADC Sample Clock = PLL
Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD)FullII62.064.6dB
Effective Number of Bits (ENOBs)FullII10.010.4Bits
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)FullII62.564.8dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)FullII–78–67.8dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)FullII72.579.3dB
Dynamic Performance (A
ADC Sample Clock = OSCIN
Signal-to-Noise and Distortion (SINAD)FullII61.163.1dB
Effective Number of Bits (ENOB)FullII9.910.2Bits
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)FullII61.563.3dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)FullII–77–67.9dB
Spurious-Free Dynamic Range (SFDR)FullII69.979.6dB
Differential Phase25ºCIII<0.1Degrees
Differential Gain25ºCIII<1LSB
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL ISOLATION
Tx DAC-to-ADC Isolation
(5 MHz Analog Output)
Isolation between Tx and 8-Bit ADCs25ºCIII80dB
Isolation between Tx and 12-Bit ADCs25ºCIII90dB
ADC-to-ADC Isolation
Lead Temperature (Soldering 10 sec) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300ºC
*Absolute maximum ratings are limiting values, to be applied individually, and
beyond which the serviceability of the circuit may be impaired. Functional
operability under any of these conditions is not necessarily implied. Exposure to
absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods of time may affect
device reliability.
*
) . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.9 V
DRVDD
EXPLANATION OF TEST LEVELS
IDevices are 100% production tested at 25ºC and guaranteed
by design and characterization testing for industrial operating
temperature range (–40ºC to +85ºC).
IIParameter is guaranteed by design and/or characterization
testing.
IIIParameter is a typical value only.
N/A Test level definition is not applicable.
THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS
Thermal Resistance
100-Lead MQFP
= 40.5ºC/W
JA
ORDERING GUIDE
TemperaturePackagePackage
ModelRangeDescriptionOption
AD9877ABS –40ºC to +85ºC100-MQFPS-100C
CAUTION
ESD (electrostatic discharge) sensitive device. Electrostatic charges as high as 4000 V readily
accumulate on the human body and test equipment and can discharge without detection. Although
the AD9877 features proprietary ESD protection circuitry, permanent damage may occur on
devices subjected to high energy electrostatic discharges. Therefore, proper ESD precautions are
recommended to avoid performance degradation or loss of functionality.
WARNING!
ESD SENSITIVE DEVICE
REV. A
–5–
AD9877
AVDD
DRGND
DRVDD
IF(11)
IF(10)
IF(9)
IF(8)
IF(7)
IF(6)
IF(5)
IF(4)
IF(3)
IF(2)
IF(1)
IF(0)
RxIQ(3)
RxIQ(2)
RxIQ(1)
RxIQ(0)
RxSYNC
DRGND
DRVDD
MCLK
DVDD
DGND
TxSYNC
TxIQ(5)
TxIQ(4)
TxIQ(3)
TxIQ(2)
IF12–
IF12+
AGND
NC
1009998
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
313233 34 353637 38 39
TxIQ(1)
TxIQ(0)
97 96
DVDD
AGND
95 94
DGND
PROFILE(1)
PIN CONFIGURATION
REFB12
REFT12
AVDD
RESET
PROFILE(0)
AVDD
93
92
91 90
AD9877
TOP VIEW
100-Lead MQFP
40
DVDD
DGND
AGND
41 42
DGND
NC
SCLK
AGND
NC
89
87
88
43
44 45
CS
SDIO
AVDD
SDO
REFT8
86
85
46 47
DGNDTx
REFB8
AVDD
848382
PWRDN
DVDDTx
48
AGND
49
REFIO
Q IN+
81
50
FSADJ
Q IN–
80
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
69
68
67
66
65
64
63
62
61
60
59
58
57
56
55
54
53
52
51
AGNDTx
AGNDIQ
I IN+
I IN–
AGNDIQ
NC
NC
AGNDIQ
AVDDIQ
DRVDD
OSCOUT
DRGND
DGNDSD
SDELTA0
SDELTA1
DVDDSD
CA_EN
CA_DATA
CA_CLK
DVDDOSC
OSCIN
XTAL
DGNDOSC
AGNDPLL
PLLFILT
AVDDPLL
DVDDPLL
DGNDPLL
AVDDTx
Tx+
Tx–
NC = NO CONNECT
–6–
REV. A
PIN FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS
Pin No.MnemonicPin Function
1, 84, 87, AVDD12-Bit ADC Analog 3.3 V Supply
92, 95
2, 21, 70DRGNDPin Driver Digital Ground
3, 22, 72DRVDDPin Driver Digital 3.3 V Supply
25, 34,DGNDDigital Ground
39, 40
24, 33,DVDDDigital 3.3 V Supply
38
45DGNDTxTx Path Digital Ground
46DVDDTxTx Path Digital 3.3 V Supply
50AGNDTxTx Path Analog Ground
53AVDDTxTx Path Analog 3.3 V Supply
54DGNDPLLPLL Digital Ground
55DVDDPLLPLL Digital 3.3 V Supply
56AVDDPLLPLL Analog 3.3 V Supply
58AGNDPLLPLL Analog Ground
59DGNDOSCOscillator Digital Ground
62DVDDOSCOscillator Digital 3.3 V Supply
66DVDDSDSigma-Delta Digital 3.3 V Supply
69DGNDSDSigma-Delta Digital Ground
73AVDDIQ8-Bit ADC Analog 3.3 V Supply
74, 77,AGNDIQ8-Bit ADC Analog Ground
80
83, 88,AGND12-Bit ADC Analog Ground
91, 96,
99
4:15IF[11:0]12-Bit ADC Digital Output
16:19RxIQ[3:0]Muxed I and Q ADC Output
20RxSYNCSync Output, IF, I, and Q ADCs
23MCLKMaster Clock Output
AD9877
Pin No.MnemonicPin Function
26TxSYNCSync Input for Transmit Port
27:32TxIQ[5:0]Digital Input for Transmit Port
35, 36PROFILE[1:0] Profile Selection Inputs
37RESETChip Reset Input
41SCLKSPORT Clock
42CSSPORT Chip Select
43SDIOSPORT Data I/O
44SDOSPORT Data Output
47PWRDNPower-Down Transmit Path
48REFIOTxDAC Decoupling (to AGND)
49FSADJDAC Output Adjust (External Res.)
51, 52Tx–, Tx+Tx Path Complementary Outputs
57PLLFILTPLL Loop Filter Connection
60XTALCrystal Oscillator Inv. Output
61OSCINOscillator Clock Input
63CA_CLKSerial Clock to Cable Driver
64CA_DATASerial Data to Cable Driver
65CA_ENSerial Enable to Cable Driver
67SDELTA1Sigma-Delta Output Stream 1
68SDELTA0Sigma-Delta Output Stream 0
71OSCOUTOscillator Clock Output
75, 76NCNo Connect (Leave Floating)
78, 79I IN–, I IN+Differential Input to I ADC
81, 82Q IN–, Q IN+Differential Input to Q ADC
85REFB88-Bit ADC Decoupling Node
86REFT88-Bit ADC Decoupling Node
89, 90NCNo Connect (Leave Floating)
93REFB1212-Bit ADC Decoupling Node
94REFT1212-Bit ADC Decoupling Node
97, 98IF12–, IF12+Differential Input to IF ADC
100NCNo Connect (Leave Floating)
REV. A
–7–
AD9877
DEFINITIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
APERTURE DELAY
The aperture delay is a measure of the sample-and-hold amplifier (SHA) performance and specifies the time delay between the
rising edge of the sampling clock input to when the input signal
is held for conversion.
APERTURE UNCERTAINTY (JITTER)
Aperture jitter is the variation in aperture delay for successive
samples and is manifested as noise on the input to the ADC.
CHANNEL-TO-CHANNEL ISOLATION (CROSSTALK)
In an ideal multichannel system, the signal in one channel
will not influence the signal level of another channel. The
channel-to-channel isolation specification is a measure of the
change that occurs to a grounded channel as a full-scale signal is
applied to another channel.
DIFFERENTIAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (DNL, NO
MISSING CODES)
An ideal converter exhibits code transitions that are exactly 1 LSB
apart. DNL is the deviation from this ideal value. Guaranteed no
missing codes to 10-bit resolution indicates that all 1,024 codes,
respectively, must be present over all operating ranges.
EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF BITS (ENOB)
For a sine wave, SINAD can be expressed in terms of the number
of bits. Using the following formula:
NSINADdB=−
()
It is possible to get a measure of performance expressed as N,
the effective number of bits. Thus, the effective number of bits
for a device for sine wave inputs at a given input frequency can
be calculated directly from its measured SINAD.
GAIN ERROR
The first code transition should occur at an analog value one-half
LSB above full scale. The last transition should occur for an
analog value 1 1/2 LSB below the nominal full scale. Gain error
is the deviation of the actual difference between the first and last
code transitions and the ideal difference between the first and
last code transitions.
INPUT REFERRED NOISE
The rms output noise is measured using histogram techniques.
The ADC output code’s standard deviation is calculated in LSB
and converted to an equivalent voltage. This results in a noise
figure that can be directly referred to the input of the MxFE.
INTEGRAL NONLINEARITY ERROR (INL)
Linearity error refers to the deviation of each individual code
from a line drawn from the negative full scale through the positive
full scale. The point used as the negative full scale occurs
1/2 LSB before the first code transition. The positive full scale is
defined as a level 1 1/2 LSB beyond the last code transition. The
deviation is measured from the middle of each particular code to
the true straight line.
176602..
OFFSET ERROR
First transition should occur for an analog value 1/2 LSB above
–FS. Offset error is defined as the deviation of the actual transition from that point.
OUTPUT COMPLIANCE RANGE
The range of allowable voltage at the output of a current-output
DAC. Operation beyond the maximum compliance limits may
cause either output stage saturation or breakdown, resulting in
nonlinear performance.
PHASE NOISE
Single sideband phase noise power is specified relative to the
carrier (dBc/Hz) at a given frequency offset (1 kHz) from the
carrier. Phase noise can be measured directly in single-tone
transmit mode with a spectrum analyzer that supports noise
marker measurements. It detects the relative power between the
carrier and the offset (1 kHz) sideband noise and takes the resolution bandwidth (rbw) into account by subtracting 10 log(rbw).
It also adds a correction factor that compensates for the implementation of the resolution bandwidth, log display, and detector
characteristic.
PIPELINE DELAY (LATENCY)
The number of clock cycles between conversion initiation and
the associated output data being made available.
POWER SUPPLY REJECTION
Power supply rejection specifies the converter’s maximum
full-scale change when the supplies are varied from nominal
to minimum and maximum specified voltages.
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE AND DISTORTION (SINAD) RATIO
SINAD is the ratio of the rms value of the measured input signal
to the rms sum of all other spectral components below the
Nyquist frequency, including harmonics but excluding dc. The
value for SINAD is expressed in decibels.
SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO (SNR)
SNR is the ratio of the rms value of the measured input signal to
the rms sum of all other spectral components below the Nyquist
frequency, excluding harmonics and dc. The value for SNR is
expressed in decibels.
SPURIOUS-FREE DYNAMIC RANGE (SFDR)
The difference, in dB, between the rms amplitude of the DAC’s
output signal (or ADC’s input signal) and the peak spurious
signal over the specified bandwidth (Nyquist bandwidth unless
otherwise noted).
TOTAL HARMONIC DISTORTION (THD)
THD is the ratio of the rms sum of the first six harmonic
components to the rms value of the measured input signal and is
expressed as a percentage or in decibels.