ANALOG DEVICES AD9517-1 Service Manual

12-Output Clock Generator with

FEATURES

Low phase noise, phase-locked loop

On-chip VCO tunes from 2.30 GHz to 2.65 GHz External VCO/VCXO to 2.4 GHz optional 1 differential or 2 single-ended reference inputs Reference monitoring capability Auto and manual reference switchover/holdover modes Autorecover from holdover Accepts references to 250 MHz Programmable delays in path to PFD Digital or analog lock detect, selectable

2 pairs of 1.6 GHz LVPECL outputs

Each pair shares 1 to 32 dividers with coarse phase delay Additive output jitter 225 f Channel-to-channel skew paired outputs <10 ps

2 pairs of 800 MHz LVDS clock outputs

Each pair shares two cascaded 1 to 32 dividers with coarse

phase delay Additive output jitter 275 f Fine delay adjust (ΔT) on each LVDS output

Eight 250 MHz CMOS outputs (two per LVDS output) Automatic synchronization of all outputs on power-up Manual synchronization of outputs as needed Serial control port 48-lead LFCSP

APPLICATIONS

Low jitter, low phase noise clock distribution Clocking high speed ADCs, DACs, DDSs, DDCs, DUCs, MxFEs High performance wireless transceivers High performance instrumentation Broadband infrastructure AT E

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The AD9517-11 provides a multi-output clock distribution function with subpicosecond jitter performance, along with an on-chip PLL and VCO. The on-chip VCO tunes from 2.30 GHz to 2.65 GHz. Optionally, an external VCO/VCXO of up to

2.4 GHz may be used.

The AD9517-1 emphasizes low jitter and phase noise to maximize data converter performance and can benefit other applications with demanding phase noise and jitter requirements.

rms

S

rms

S

Integrated 2.5 GHz VCO

AD9517-1

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

PLL

ΔT

LF

STATUS

MONITOR

VCO

LVPECL

LVDS/CMOS

AD9517-1

CP

REF1

REFIN

REF2

SWITCHOVER

AND MONITOR

CLK

DIV/Φ DIV/Φ

SERIAL CONT ROL PORT

DIVIDER

AND MUXs

DIV/Φ

AND

DIGITAL LOGIC

Figure 1.

The AD9517-1 features four LVPECL outputs (in two pairs); four LVDS outputs (in two pairs); and eight CMOS outputs (two per LVDS output). The LVPECL outputs operate to

1.6 GHz, the LVDS outputs operate to 800 MHz, and the CMOS outputs operate to 250 MHz.

Each pair of outputs has dividers that allow both the divide ratio and coarse delay (or phase) to be set. The range of division for the LVPECL outputs is 1 to 32. The LVDS/CMOS outputs allow a range of divisions up to a maximum of 1024.

The AD9517-1 is available in a 48-lead LFCSP and can be operated from a single 3.3 V supply. An external VCO, which requires an extended voltage range, can be accommodated by connecting the charge pump supply (VCP) to 5.5 V. A separate LVPECL power supply can be from 2.375 V to 3.6 V.

The AD9517-1 is specified for operation over the industrial range of −40°C to +85°C.

1

AD9517 is used throughout to refer to all the members of the AD9517

family. However, when AD9517-1 is used, it is referring to that specific member of the AD9517 family.

OUT0 OUT1 OUT2 OUT3 OUT4 OUT5 OUT6 OUT7

06425-001

Rev. 0

Information furnished by Analog Devices is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Anal og Devices for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or ot her rights of third parties that may result from its use. Specifications subject to change without notice. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of Analog Devices. Trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

AD9517-1

REVISION HISTORY

7/07—Revision 0: Initial Version

Register Map Overview ..................................................................56

Register Map Descriptions.............................................................60

Application Notes............................................................................78

Using the AD9517 Outputs for ADC Clock Applications ....78

LVPECL Clock D i s t ribut io n ......................................................78

LVDS Clock Distribution...........................................................78

CMOS Clock Distribution.........................................................79

Outline Dimensions........................................................................80

Ordering Guide...........................................................................80

Rev. 0 | Page 3 of 80

AD9517-1

SPECIFICATIONS

Typical (typ) is given for VS = V unless otherwise noted. Minimum (min) and maximum (max) values are given over full V

POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS

Table 1.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

V

S

V

S_LVPECL

V

CP

3.135 3.3 3.465 V This is 3.3 V ± 5%

2.375 V V

S

RSET Pin Resistor 4.12 kΩ Sets internal biasing currents; connect to ground CPRSET Pin Resistor 5.1 kΩ

BYPASS Pin Capacitor 220 nF Bypass for internal LDO regulator; necessary for LDO stability; connect to ground

PLL CHARACTERISTICS

Table 2.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

VCO (ON-CHIP)

Frequency Range 2300 2650 MHz See Figure 15 VCO Gain (K Tunin g Volt age (VT) 0.5 VCP − 0.5 V

Frequency Pushing (Open-Loop) 1 MHz/V Phase Noise @ 100 kHz Offset −105 dBc/Hz f = 2475 MHz Phase Noise @ 1 MHz Offset −124 dBc/Hz f = 2475 MHz

REFERENCE INPUTS

Differential Mode (REFIN, REFIN)

Input Frequency 0 250 MHz

Input Sensitivity 250 mV p-p

Self-Bias Voltage, REFIN 1.35 1.60 1.75 V Self-bias voltage of REFIN Self-Bias Voltage, REFIN Input Resistance, REFIN 4.0 4.8 5.9 kΩ Self-biased Input Resistance, REFIN

Dual Single-Ended Mode (REF1, REF2) Two single-ended CMOS-compatible inputs

Input Frequency (AC-Coupled) 20 250 MHz Slew rate > 50 V/μs Input Frequency (DC-Coupled) 0 250 MHz Slew rate > 50 V/μs; CMOS levels Input Sensitivity (AC-Coupled) 0.8 V p-p Should not exceed VS p-p Input Logic High 2.0 V Input Logic Low 0.8 V Input Current −100 +100 μA

Input Capacitance 2 pF

) 50 MHz/V See Figure 10

VCO

= 3.3 V ± 5%; VS ≤ VCP ≤ 5.25 V; TA = 25°C; R

S_LVPECL

V This is nominally 2.5 V to 3.3 V ± 5%

S

SET

5.25 V This is nominally 3.3 V to 5.0 V ± 5%

Sets internal CP current range, nominally 4.8 mA (CP_lsb = 600 μA); actual current can be calculated by: CP_lsb = 3.06/CPRSET; connect to ground

1.30 1.50 1.60 V

4.4 5.3 6.4 kΩ Self-biased

= 4.12 kΩ; CP and TA (−40°C to +85°C) variation.

S

≤ VS when using internal VCO; outside of this

V

CP

= 5.1 kΩ,

RSET

range, the CP spurs may increase due to CP up/ down mismatch

Differential mode (can accommodate singleended input by ac grounding undriven input)

Frequencies below about 1 MHz should be dc-coupled; be careful to match V

(self-bias voltage)

CM

PLL figure of merit increases with increasing slew rate; see

Self-bias voltage of

Each pin, REFIN/

Figure 14

REFIN

1

REFIN (REF1/REF2)

1

Rev. 0 | Page 4 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

PHASE/FREQUENCY DETECTOR (PFD)

PFD Input Frequency 100 MHz Antibacklash pulse width = 1.3 ns, 2.9 ns 45 MHz Antibacklash pulse width = 6.0 ns Antibacklash Pulse Width 1.3 ns 0x17<1:0> = 01b

2.9 ns 0x17<1:0> = 00b; 0x17<1:0> = 11b

6.0 ns 0x17<1:0> = 10b

CHARGE PUMP (CP)

ICP Sink/Source Programmable

High Value 4.8 mA With CP

Low Value 0.60 mA

Absolute Accuracy 2.5 % CPV = VCP/2 V

CP

Range 2.7/10 kΩ

RSET

ICP High Impedance Mode Leakage 1 nA Sink-and-Source Current Matching 2 % 0.5 < CPV < VCP − 0.5 V ICP vs. CP

V

1.5 % 0.5 < CPV < VCP − 0.5 V

ICP vs. Temperature 2 % CPV = VCP/2 V

PRESCALER (PART OF N DIVIDER)

Prescaler Input Frequency

P = 1 FD 300 MHz

P = 2 FD 600 MHz

P = 3 FD 900 MHz

P = 2 DM (2/3) 600 MHz

P = 4 DM (4/5) 1000 MHz

P = 8 DM (8/9) 2400 MHz

P = 16 DM (16/17) 3000 MHz

P = 32 DM (32/33) 3000 MHz Prescaler Output Frequency 300 MHz

A, B counter input frequency (prescaler input frequency divided by P)

PLL DIVIDER DELAYS Register 0x19: R <5:3>, N <2:0>; see Table 53

000 Off 001 330 ps 010 440 ps 011 550 ps 100 660 ps 101 770 ps 110 880 ps 111 990 ps

NOISE CHARACTERISTICS

In-Band Phase Noise of the Charge Pump/Phase Frequency Detector (In-Band Means Within the LBW of the PLL)

The PLL in-band phase noise floor is estimated by measuring the in-band phase noise at the output of the VCO and subtracting 20log(N)

(where N is the value of the N divider) @ 500 kHz PFD Frequency −165 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz PFD Frequency −162 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz PFD Frequency −151 dBc/Hz @ 50 MHz PFD Frequency −143 dBc/Hz

PLL Figure of Merit (FOM) −220 dBc/Hz

Reference slew rate > 0.25 V/ns. FOM + 10log (f

is an approximation of the PFD/CP in-band

phase noise (in the flat region) inside the PLL

loop bandwidth; when running closed loop,

the phase noise, as observed at the VCO output,

is increased by 20log(N)

= 5.1 kΩ

RSET

PFD

)

Rev. 0 | Page 5 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

PLL DIGITAL LOCK DETECT WINDOW

Required to Lock (Coincidence of Edges) Selected by 0x17<1:0> and 0x18<4>

Low Range (ABP 1.3 ns, 2.9 ns) 3.5 ns 0x17<1:0> = 00b, 01b,11b; 0x18<4> = 1b High Range (ABP 1.3 ns, 2.9 ns) 7.5 ns 0x17<1:0> = 00b, 01b, 11b; 0x18<4> = 0b High Range (ABP 6 ns) 3.5 ns 0x17<1:0> = 10b; 0x18<4> = 0b

To Unlock After Lock (Hysteresis)

Low Range (ABP 1.3 ns, 2.9 ns) 7 ns 0x17<1:0> = 00b, 01b, 11b; 0x18<4> = 1b High Range (ABP 1.3 ns, 2.9 ns) 15 ns 0x17<1:0> = 00b, 01b, 11b; 0x18<4> = 0b High Range (ABP 6 ns) 11 ns 0x17<1:0> = 10b; 0x18<4> = 0b

1

REFIN and

2

For reliable operation of the digital lock detect, the period of the PFD frequency must be greater than the unlock-after-lock time.

REFIN

self-bias points are offset slightly to avoid chatter on an open input condition.

CLOCK INPUTS

Table 3.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

CLOCK INPUTS (CLK, CLK)

Input Frequency 0 0 Input Sensitivity, Differential 150 mV p-p

Input Level, Differential 2 V p-p

Input Common-Mode Voltage, V Input Common-Mode Range, V Input Sensitivity, Single-Ended 150 mV p-p

Input Resistance 3.9 4.7 5.7 kΩ Self-biased Input Capacitance 2 pF

1

Below about 1 MHz, the input should be dc-coupled. Care should be taken to match VCM.

CMR

2

Signal available at LD, STATUS, and REFMON pins when selected by appropriate register settings

2

Differential input

1

2.4 GHz High frequency distribution (VCO divider)

1

1.6 GHz Distribution only (VCO divider bypassed) Measured at 2.4 GHz; jitter performance is improved

with slew rates > 1 V/ns Larger voltage swings may turn on the protection

diodes and can degrade jitter performance

CM

1.3 1.57 1.8 V Self-biased; enables ac coupling

1.3 1.8 V With 200 mV p-p signal applied; dc-coupled CLK ac-coupled;

CLK ac-bypassed to RF ground

CLOCK OUTPUTS

Table 4.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL CLOCK OUTPUTS Termination = 50 Ω to VS − 2 V

OUT0, OUT1, OUT2, OUT3

Differential (OUT, Output Frequency, Maximum 2950 MHz Using direct to output; see Figure 25 Output High Voltage (VOH) VS − 1.12 VS − 0.98 VS − 0.84 V Output Low Voltage (VOL) VS − 2.03 VS − 1.77 VS − 1.49 V Output Differential Voltage (VOD) 550 790 980 mV

LVDS CLOCK OUTPUTS Differential termination 100 Ω @ 3.5 mA

OUT4, OUT5, OUT6, OUT7

Differential (OUT, Output Frequency 800 MHz See Figure 26 Differential Output Voltage (VOD) 247 360 454 mV Delta V

OD

25 mV Output Offset Voltage (VOS) 1.125 1.24 1.375 V Delta V

OS

25 mV Short-Circuit Current (ISA, ISB) 14 24 mA Output shorted to GND

Rev. 0 | Page 6 of 80

OUT)

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

CMOS CLOCK OUTPUTS

OUT4A, OUT4B, OUT5A, OUT5B, OUT6A, OUT6B, OUT7A, OUT7B

Output Frequency 250 MHz See Figure 27 Output Voltage High (VOH) VS − 0.1 V @ 1 mA load Output Voltage Low (VOL) 0.1 V @ 1 mA load

TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

Table 5.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL Termination = 50 Ω to VS − 2 V; level = 810 mV

Output Rise Time, t Output Fall Time, t

PROPAGATION DELAY, t

High Frequency Clock Distribution Configuration 835 995 1180 ps See Figure 42 Clock Distribution Configuration 773 933 1090 ps See Figure 44 Variation with Temperature 0.8 ps/°C

OUTPUT SKEW, LVPECL OUTPUTS

LVPECL Outputs That Share the Same Divider 5 15 ps LVPECL Outputs on Different Dividers 13 40 ps All LVPECL Outputs Across Multiple Parts 220 ps

LVDS Termination = 100 Ω differential; 3.5 mA

Output Rise Time, t Output Fall Time, t

PROPAGATION DELAY, t

For All Divide Values 1.4 1.8 2.1 ns Variation with Temperature 1.25 ps/°C

OUTPUT SKEW, LVDS OUTPUTS

LVDS Outputs That Share the Same Divider 6 62 ps LVDS Outputs on Different Dividers 25 150 ps All LVDS Outputs Across Multiple Parts 430 ps

CMOS Termination = open

Output Rise Time, t Output Fall Time, t

PROPAGATION DELAY, t

For All Divide Values 1.6 2.1 2.6 ns Variation with Temperature 2.6 ps/°C

OUTPUT SKEW, CMOS OUTPUTS

CMOS Outputs That Share the Same Divider 4 66 ps All CMOS Outputs on Different Dividers 28 180 ps All CMOS Outputs Across Multiple Parts 675 ps

DELAY ADJUST

Shortest Delay Range

Zero Scale 50 315 680 ps 0xA2 (0xA5) (0xA8) (0xAB) <5:0> 000000b Full Scale 540 880 1180 ps 0xA2 (0xA5) (0xA8) (0xAB) <5:0> 101111b

Longest Delay Range

Zero Scale 200 570 950 ps 0xA2 (0xA5) (0xA8) (0xAB) <5:0> 000000b

Quarter Scale 1.72 2.31 2.89 ns 0xA2 (0xA5) (0xA8) (0xAB) <5:0> 001100b

Full Scale 5.7 8.0 10.1 ns 0xA2 (0xA5) (0xA8) (0xAB) <5:0> 101111b

RP

FP

, CLK-TO-LVPECL OUTPUT

PECL

1

RL

FL

, CLK-TO-LVDS OUTPUT Delay off on all outputs

LVDS

1

RC

FC

, CLK-TO-CMOS OUTPUT Fine delay off

CMOS

1

3

4

Single-ended; termination = 10 pF

70 180 ps 20% to 80%, measured differentially 70 180 ps 80% to 20%, measured differentially

170 350 ps 20% to 80%, measured differentially 160 350 ps 20% to 80%, measured differentially

2

Delay off on all outputs

495 1000 ps 20% to 80%, C 475 985 ps 80% to 20%, C

LOAD

= 10 pF = 10 pF

Fine delay off

LVDS and CMOS 0xA1 (0xA4) (0xA7) (0xAA) <5:0> 101111b

0xA1 (0xA4) (0xA7) (0xAA) <5:0> 000000b

Rev. 0 | Page 7 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

Delay Variation with Temperature

Short Delay Range

Zero Scale 0.23 ps/°C Full Scale −0.02 ps/°C

Long Delay Range

Zero Scale 0.3 ps/°C Full Scale 0.24 ps/°C

1

This is the difference between any two similar delay paths while operating at the same voltage and temperature.

2

Corresponding CMOS drivers set to A for noninverting, and B for inverting.

3

The maximum delay that can be used is a little less than one-half the period of the clock. A longer delay disables the output.

4

Incremental delay; does not include propagation delay.

5

All delays between zero scale and full scale can be estimated by linear interpolation.

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE (DISTRIBUTION ONLY; VCO DIVIDER NOT USED)

Table 6.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

CLK-TO-LVPECL ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE

CLK = 1 GHz, OUTPUT = 1 GHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 1

@ 10 Hz Offset −109 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz Offset −118 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz Offset −130 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −139 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −144 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz

@ 10 MHz Offset −147 dBc/Hz

@ 100 MHz Offset −149 dBc/Hz CLK = 1 GHz, OUTPUT = 200 MHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 5

@ 10 Hz Offset −120 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz Offset −126 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz Offset −139 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −150 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −155 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −157 dBc/Hz

>10 MHz Offset −157 dBc/Hz

CLK-TO-LVDS ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE

CLK = 1.6 GHz, OUTPUT = 800 MHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 2

@ 10 Hz Offset −103 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz Offset −110 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz Offset −120 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −127 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −133 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −138 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz Offset −147 dBc/Hz @ 100 MHz Offset −149 dBc/Hz

5

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO

Rev. 0 | Page 8 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

CLK = 1.6 GHz, OUTPUT = 400 MHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 4

@ 10 Hz Offset −114 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz Offset −122 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz Offset −132 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −140 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −150 dBc/Hz >10 MHz Offset −155 dBc/Hz

CLK-TO-CMOS ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE

CLK = 1 GHz, OUTPUT = 250 MHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 4

@ 10 Hz Offset −110 dBc/Hz @ 100 Hz Offset −120 dBc/Hz @ 1 kHz Offset −127 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −136 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −144 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −147 dBc/Hz

>10 MHz Offset −154 dBc/Hz CLK = 1 GHz, OUTPUT = 50 MHz Input slew rate > 1 V/ns Divider = 20

@ 10 Hz Offset −124 dBc/Hz

@ 100 Hz Offset −134 dBc/Hz

@ 1 kHz Offset −142 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −151 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −157 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −160 dBc/Hz

>10 MHz Offset −163 dBc/Hz

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE PHASE NOISE (INTERNAL VCO USED)

Table 7.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL ABSOLUTE PHASE NOISE Internal VCO; direct to LVPECL output

VCO = 2.65 GHz; OUTPUT = 2.65 GHz

@ 1 kHz Offset −46 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −76 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −104 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −123 dBc/Hz

@ 10 MHz Offset −140 dBc/Hz

@ 40 MHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz VCO = 2.475 GHz; OUTPUT = 2.475 GHz

@ 1 kHz Offset −47 dBc/Hz

@ 10 kHz Offset −77 dBc/Hz

@ 100 kHz Offset −105 dBc/Hz

@ 1 MHz Offset −124 dBc/Hz

@ 10 MHz Offset −141 dBc/Hz

@ 40 MHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz

Rev. 0 | Page 9 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

VCO = 2.3 GHz; OUTPUT = 2.3 GHz

@ 1 kHz Offset −54 dBc/Hz @ 10 kHz Offset −78 dBc/Hz @ 100 kHz Offset −106 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz Offset −125 dBc/Hz @ 10 MHz Offset −141 dBc/Hz @ 40 MHz Offset −146 dBc/Hz

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK GENERATION USING INTERNAL VCO)

Table 8.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER

VCO = 2.46 GHz; LVPECL = 491.52 MHz; PLL LBW = 55 kHz 142 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 370 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz VCO = 2.46 GHz; LVPECL = 122.88 MHz; PLL LBW = 55 kHz 145 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 356 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz VCO = 2.46 GHz; LVPECL = 61.44 MHz; PLL LBW = 55 kHz 195 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 402 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz

Application example based on a typical setup where the reference source is clean, so a wider PLL loop bandwidth is used; reference = 15.36 MHz; R = 1

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK CLEANUP USING INTERNAL VCO)

Table 9.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER

VCO = 2.49 GHz; LVPECL = 622.08 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 745 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz VCO = 2.49 GHz; LVPECL = 155.52 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 712 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz VCO = 2.46 GHz; LVPECL = 122.88 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 700 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz

Application example based on a typical setup where the reference source is jittery, so a narrower PLL loop bandwidth is used; reference = 10.0 MHz; R = 20

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK GENERATION USING EXTERNAL VCXO)

Table 10.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER

LVPECL = 245.76 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 54 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 5 MHz 77 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 109 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz LVPECL = 122.88 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 79 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 5 MHz 114 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 163 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz LVPECL = 61.44 MHz; PLL LBW = 125 Hz 124 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 5 MHz 176 fS rms Integration BW = 200 kHz to 10 MHz 259 fS rms Integration BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz

Application example based on a typical setup using an external 245.76 MHz VCXO (Toyocom TCO-2112); reference = 15.36 MHz; R = 1

Rev. 0 | Page 10 of 80

AD9517-1

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER (VCO DIVIDER NOT USED)

Table 11.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 622.08 MHz; LVPECL = 622.08 MHz; Divider = 1 40 fS rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz CLK = 622.08 MHz; LVPECL = 155.52 MHz; Divider = 4 80 fS rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz CLK = 1.6 GHz; LVPECL = 100 MHz; Divider = 16 215 fS rms

CLK = 500 MHz; LVPECL = 100 MHz; Divider = 5 245 fS rms

LVDS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 1.6 GHz; LVDS = 800 MHz; Divider = 2; VCO Divider Not Used 85 fS rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz CLK = 1 GHz; LVDS = 200 MHz; Divider = 5 113 fS rms BW = 12 kHz to 20 MHz CLK = 1.6 GHz; LVDS = 100 MHz; Divider = 16 280 fS rms

CMOS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 1.6 GHz; CMOS = 100 MHz; Divider = 16 365 fS rms

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

Calculated from SNR of ADC method; DCC not used for even divides

Calculated from SNR of ADC method; DCC on

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

Calculated from SNR of ADC method; DCC not used for even divides

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

Calculated from SNR of ADC method; DCC not used for even divides

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER (VCO DIVIDER USED)

Table 12.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

LVPECL OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 2.4 GHz; VCO DIV = 2; LVPECL = 100 MHz; Divider = 12; Duty-Cycle Correction = Off

LVDS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 2.4 GHz; VCO DIV = 2; LVDS = 100 MHz; Divider = 12; Duty-Cycle Correction = Off

CMOS OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

CLK = 2.4 GHz; VCO DIV = 2; CMOS = 100 MHz; Divider = 12; Duty-Cycle Correction = Off

210 f

285 f

350 f

S

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

rms Calculated from SNR of ADC method

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

rms Calculated from SNR of ADC method

Distribution section only; does not include PLL and VCO; uses rising edge of clock signal

rms Calculated from SNR of ADC method

Rev. 0 | Page 11 of 80

AD9517-1

DELAY BLOCK ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

Table 13.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

DELAY BLOCK ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

100 MHz Output

Delay (1600 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 000000 0.54 ps rms Delay (1600 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 101111 0.60 ps rms Delay (800 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 000000 0.65 ps rms Delay (800 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 101111 0.85 ps rms Delay (800 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 000000 0.79 ps rms Delay (800 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 101111 1.2 ps rms Delay (400 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 000000 1.2 ps rms Delay (400 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 101111 2.0 ps rms Delay (200 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 000000 1.3 ps rms Delay (200 μA, 1C) Fine Adj. 101111 2.5 ps rms Delay (200 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 000000 1.9 ps rms Delay (200 μA, 4C) Fine Adj. 101111 3.8 ps rms

1

This value is incremental. That is, it is in addition to the jitter of the LVDS or CMOS output without the delay. To estimate the total jitter, the LVDS or CMOS output jitter

should be added to this value using the root sum of squares (RSS) method.

1

Incremental additive jitter

SERIAL CONTROL PORT

Table 14.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

CS (INPUT)

Input Logic 1 Voltage 2.0 V Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.8 V Input Logic 1 Current 3 μA Input Logic 0 Current 110 μA Input Capacitance 2 pF

SCLK (INPUT) SCLK has an internal 30 kΩ pull-down resistor

Input Logic 1 Voltage 2.0 V Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.8 V Input Logic 1 Current 110 μA Input Logic 0 Current 1 μA Input Capacitance 2 pF

SDIO (WHEN INPUT)

Input Logic 1 Voltage 2.0 V Input Logic 0 Voltage 0.8 V Input Logic 1 Current 10 nA Input Logic 0 Current 20 nA Input Capacitance 2 pF

SDIO, SDO (OUTPUTS)

Output Logic 1 Voltage 2.7 V Output Logic 0 Voltage 0.4 V

CS has an internal 30 kΩ pull-up resistor

Rev. 0 | Page 12 of 80

AD9517-1

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

TIMING

Clock Rate (SCLK, 1/t Pulse Width High, t Pulse Width Low, t SDIO to SCLK Setup, t SCLK to SDIO Hold, t SCLK to Valid SDIO and SDO, t CS to SCLK Setup and Hold, tS, t CS Minimum Pulse Width High, t

PD, SYNC, AND RESET PINS

Table 15.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

INPUT CHARACTERISTICS These pins each have a 30 kΩ internal pull-up resistor

Logic 1 Voltage 2.0 V Logic 0 Voltage 0.8 V Logic 1 Current 110 μA Logic 0 Current 1 μA Capacitance 2 pF

RESET TIMING

Pulse Width Low 50 ns

SYNC TIMING

Pulse Width Low 1.5 High speed clock cycles High speed clock is CLK input signal

LD, STATUS, REFMON PINS

) 25 MHz

SCLK

HI

LO

DS

DH

DV

H

PWH

16 ns 16 ns 2 ns

1.1 ns 8 ns 2 ns 3 ns

Table 16.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS

When selected as a digital output (CMOS); there are other modes in which these pins are not CMOS digital outputs;

Tab le 53, 0x17, 0x1A, and 0x1B

see Output Voltage High (VOH) 2.7 V Output Voltage Low (VOL) 0.4 V

MAXIMUM TOGGLE RATE 100 MHz

Applies when mux is set to any divider or counter output

or PFD up/down pulse; also applies in analog lock detect

mode; usually a debug mode; beware that spurs may

couple to output when any of these pins are toggling

ANALOG LOCK DETECT

Capacitance 3 pF

On-chip capacitance; used to calculate RC time constant

for analog lock detect readback; use a pull-up resistor

REF1, REF2, AND VCO FREQUENCY STATUS MONITOR

Normal Range 1.02 MHz

Frequency above which the monitor indicates the

presence of the reference Extended Range (REF1 and REF2 Only) 8 kHz

Frequency above which the monitor indicates the

presence of the reference

LD PIN COMPARATOR

Trip Point 1.6 V Hysteresis 260 mV

Rev. 0 | Page 13 of 80

AD9517-1

POWER DISSIPATION

Table 17.

Parameter Min Typ Max Unit Test Conditions/Comments

POWER DISSIPATION, CHIP

Power-On Default 1.0 1.2 W

Full Operation; CMOS Outputs at 206 MHz 1.4 2.0 W

Full Operation; LVDS Outputs at 206 MHz 1.4 2.1 W

PD

Power-Down

PD

Power-Down, Maximum Sleep

VCP Supply 1.5 mW PLL operating; typical closed-loop configuration

POWER DELTAS, INDIVIDUAL FUNCTIONS Power delta when a function is enabled/disabled

VCO Divider 30 mW VCO divider not used REFIN (Differential) 20 mW All references off to differential reference enabled REF1, REF2 (Single-Ended) 4 mW

VCO 70 mW CLK input selected to VCO selected PLL 75 mW PLL off to PLL on, normal operation; no reference enabled Channel Divider 30 mW Divider bypassed to divide-by-2 to divide-by-32 LVPECL Channel (Divider Plus Output Driver) 160 mW No LVPECL output on to one LVPECL output on LVPECL Driver 90 mW Second LVPECL output turned on, same channel LVDS Channel (Divider Plus Output Driver) 120 mW No LVDS output on to one LVDS output on LVDS Driver 50 mW Second LVDS output turned on, same channel CMOS Channel (Divider Plus Output Driver) 100 mW Static; no CMOS output on to one CMOS output on CMOS Driver (Second in Pair) 0 mW Static; second CMOS output, same pair, turned on CMOS Driver (First in Second Pair) 30 mW Static; first output, second pair, turned on Fine Delay Block 50 mW

75 185 mW

31 mW

No clock; no programming; default register values; does not include power dissipated in external resistors

PLL on; internal VCO = 2476 MHz; VCO divider = 2; all channel dividers on; six LVPECL outputs @ 619 MHz; eight CMOS outputs (10 pF load) @ 206 MHz; all fine delay on, maximum current; does not include power dissipated in external resistors

PLL on; internal VCO = 2476 MHz, VCO divider = 2; all channel dividers on; six LVPECL outputs @ 619 MHz; four LVDS outputs @ 206 MHz; all fine delay on, maximum current; does not include power dissipated in external resistors

PD

pin pulled low; does not include power dissipated

in terminations PD

pin pulled low; PLL power-down 0x10<1:0> = 01b; SYNC power-down 0x230<2> = 1b; REF for distribution power-down 0x230<1> = 1b

All references off to REF1 or REF2 enabled; differential reference not enabled

Delay block off to delay block enabled; maximum current setting

Rev. 0 | Page 14 of 80

AD9517-1

K

TIMING DIAGRAMS

t

CLK

CL

DIFFERENTIAL

80%

20%

t

LVDS

t

PECL

LVDS

t

CMOS

Figure 2. CLK/

DIFFERENTIAL

80%

20%

Figure 3. LVPECL Timing, Differential

CLK

to Clock Output Timing, DIV = 1

LVPECL

t

RP

t

RL

06425-060

Figure 4. LVDS Timing, Differential

SINGL E-ENDE D

80%

CMOS

10pF LOAD

20%

t

FP

06425-061

t

RC

Figure 5. CMOS Timing, Single-Ended, 10 pF Load

t

FL

t

FC

06425-062

06425-063

Rev. 0 | Page 15 of 80

AD9517-1

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Table 18.

With

Parameter or Pin

Respect To

Rating

VS, VS_LVPECL GND −0.3 V to +3.6 V VCP GND −0.3 V to +5.8 V REFIN, REFIN REFIN

GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V REFIN

−3.3 V to +3.3 V RSET GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V CPRSET GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V CLK, CLK CLK SCLK, SDIO, SDO, CS OUT0, OUT0, OUT1, OUT1,

OUT2, OUT3, OUT3,

OUT2,

GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V CLK

−1.2 V to +1.2 V

GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V

OUT4, OUT4, OUT5, OUT5, OUT6, OUT6, OUT7, OUT7

SYNC

GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V REFMON, STATUS, LD GND −0.3 V to VS + 0.3 V Junction Temperature Storage Temperature

1

150°C

−65°C to +150°C

Range Lead Temperature (10 sec) 300°C

1

See Table 19 for θJA.

Stresses above those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress rating only; functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational section of this specification is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.

THERMAL RESISTANCE

Table 19.

Package Type

48-Lead LFCSP 28.5 °C/W

1

Thermal impedance measurements were taken on a 4-layer board in still air

in accordance with EIA/JESD51-7.

1

θ

JA

Unit

ESD CAUTION

Rev. 0 | Page 16 of 80

AD9517-1

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

REFIN (REF 1)

REFIN (REF 2)

CPRSETVSRSETVSOUT0

4847464544434241403938

OUT0

VS_LVPECL

OUT1

VS

37

REFMON

LD

VCP

CP

STATUS

REF_SEL

SYNC

BYPASS

VS

CLK

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

LF

9

10

11

12

PIN 1 INDICAT OR

AD9517-1

TOP VIEW

(Not to Scale)

13141516171819

CS

SCLK

PD

SDO

SDIO

RESET

2021222324

OUT2

S_LVPECL

OUT3

36

S

V

35

OUT4 (OUT4A)

34

OUT4 (OUT4B)

33

OUT5 (OUT5A)

32

OUT5 (OUT5B)

31

VS

30

VS

29

OUT7 (OUT7B)

28

OUT7 (OUT7A)

27

OUT6 (OUT6B)

26

OUT6 (OUT6A)

25

S

V

VS

OUT3

06425-003

Figure 6. Pin Configuration

Table 20. Pin Function Descriptions

Pin No. Mnemonic Description

1 REFMON Reference Monitor (Output). This pin has multiple selectable outputs; see Table 53 0x1B. 2 LD Lock Detect (Output). This pin has multiple selectable outputs; see Tabl e 53 0x1A. 3 VCP Power Supply for Charge Pump (CP); VS < VCP < 5.0 V. 4 CP Charge Pump (Output). Connects to external loop filter. 5 STATUS Status (Output). This pin has multiple selectable outputs; see Tab le 53 0x17. 6 REF_SEL Reference Select. Selects REF1 (low) or REF2 (high). This pin has an internal 30 kΩ pull-down resistor. 7

SYNC

Manual Synchronizations and Manual Holdover. This pin initiates a manual synchronization and is

also used for manual holdover. Active low. This pin has an internal 30 kΩ pull-up resistor. 8 LF Loop Filter (Input). Connects to VCO control voltage node internally. 9 BYPASS This pin is for bypassing the LDO to ground with a capacitor. 10, 24, 25, 30, 31,

VS 3.3 V Power Pins.

36, 37, 43, 45 11 CLK

12

CLK

Along with

Along with CLK, this is the differential input for the clock distribution section.

CLK, this is the differential input for the clock distribution section.

13 SCLK Serial Control Port Data Clock Signal. 14

CS

Serial Control Port Chip Select; Active Low. This pin has an internal 30 kΩ pull-up resistor. 15 SDO Serial Control Port Unidirectional Serial Data Out. 16 SDIO Serial Control Port Bidirectional Serial Data In/Out. 17 18

RESET PD

Chip Reset; Active Low. This pin has an internal 30 kΩ pull-up resistor.

Chip Power Down; Active Low. This pin has an internal 30 kΩ pull-up resistor. 21, 40 VS_LVPECL Extended Voltage 2.5 V to 3.3 V LVPECL Power Pins.

42 OUT0 LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output. 41

OUT0

LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output. 39 OUT1 LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output. 38

OUT1

LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output. 19 OUT2 LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output.

Rev. 0 | Page 17 of 80

AD9517-1

Pin No. Mnemonic Description

20 22 OUT3 LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output. 23 35 OUT4 (OUT4A) LVDS/CMOS Output; One Side of a Differential LVDS Output, or a Single-Ended CMOS Output. 34 33 OUT5 (OUT5A) LVDS/CMOS Output; One Side of a Differential LVDS Output, or a Single-Ended CMOS Output. 32 26 OUT6 (OUT6A) LVDS/CMOS Output; One Side of a Differential LVDS Output, or a Single-Ended CMOS Output. 27 28 OUT7 (OUT7A) LVDS/CMOS Output; One Side of a Differential LVDS Output, or a Single-Ended CMOS Output. 29 44 RSET Resistor connected here sets internal bias currents. Nominal value = 4.12 kΩ. 46 CPRSET Resistor connected here sets the CP current range. Nominal value = 5.1 kΩ. 47

48 REFIN (REF1)

EPAD GND Ground; External Paddle (EPAD). This is the only ground for the part.

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4 (OUT4B)

OUT5 (OUT5B)

OUT6 (OUT6B)

OUT7 (OUT7B)

REFIN (REF2) Along with REFIN, this is the differential input for the PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin is a

LVPECL Output; One Side of a Differential LVPECL Output.

LVDS/CMOS Output; One Side of a Differential LVDS Output, or a Single-Ended CMOS Output.

single-ended input for REF2. Along with

single-ended input for REF1.

REFIN, this is the differential input for the PLL reference. Alternatively, this pin is a

Rev. 0 | Page 18 of 80

AD9517-1

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

240

220

2 CHANNELS—4 LVPE CL

65

60

200

180

160

CURRENT (mA)

140

120

100

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

2 CHANNELS—2 LVPE CL

1 CHANNEL—1 LVPECL

FREQUENCY (MHz)

06425-007

55

50

(MHz/V)

VCO

K

45

40

35

2.3 2.72.62. 52.4

Figure 7. Current vs. Frequency, Direct to Output, LVPECL Outputs

180

2 CHANNELS—4 LVDS

160

140

120

CURRENT (mA)

100

80

0 200 400 600 800

2 CHANNELS—2 LVDS

1 CHANNEL—1 LVDS

FREQUENCY (MHz )

Figure 8. Current vs. Frequency—LVDS Outputs

06425-008

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

CURRENT FROM CP PIN (mA)

1.0

0.5

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Figure 11. Charge Pump Characteristics @ V

240

220

200

180

160

140

CURRENT (mA)

120

100

2 CHANNELS—8 CMOS

2 CHANNELS—2 CMOS

1 CHANNEL—2 CMOS

80

02

FREQUENCY (MHz )

1 CHANNEL—1 CMOS

5020015010050

06425-009

Figure 9. Current vs. Frequency—CMOS Outputs

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

CURRENT FROM CP PIN (mA)

1.0

0.5

0

0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3.0 4.02.5 3.5 5.04.5

Figure 12. Charge Pump Characteristics @ V

VCO FREQUENCY (GHz)

Figure 10. VCO K

vs. Frequency

VCO

PUMP DOWN PUMP UP

VOLTAGE ON CP PIN (V)

= 3.3 V

CP

PUMP DOWN PUMP UP

VOLTAGE ON CP PIN (V)

= 5.0 V

CP

06425-010

06425-011

06425-012

Rev. 0 | Page 19 of 80

AD9517-1

–

140

–145

–150

–155

(dBc/Hz)

–160

–165

PFD PHASE NOI SE REFERRED T O PFD INP UT

–170

0.1 1 10010

PFD FREQUENCY (MHz)

Figure 13. PFD Phase Noise Referred to PFD Input vs. PFD Frequency

210

–212

–214

–216

–218

–220

PLL FIGURE OF MERI T (dBc/Hz)

–222

–224

02

SLEW RATE (V/n s)

Figure 14. PLL Figure of Merit (FOM) vs. Slew Rate at REFIN/

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

VCO TUNING VO LTAGE (V)

1.3

1.2

2.3 2. 4 2. 5 2.6 2.7

FREQUENCY (GHz)

Figure 15. VCO Tuning Voltage vs. Frequency

REFIN

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

RELATIVE POWER (dB)

–80

–90

–100

–110

CENTER 122.88MHz SPAN 50MHz5MHz/DIV

06425-013

06425-137

Figure 16. PFD/CP Spurs; 122.88 MHz; PFD = 15.36 MHz;

LBW = 55 kHz; I

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

RELATIVE POWER (dB)

–80

–90

–100

–110

.52.01.51.00.5

06425-136

CENTER 122. 88MHz SP AN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

Figure 17. Output Spectrum, LVPECL; 122.88 MHz; PFD = 15.36 MHz;

LBW = 55 kHz; I

10

0

–10

–20

–30

–40

–50

–60

–70

RELATIVE POWER (dB)

–80

–90

–100

–110

CENTER 122.88MHz SPAN 1MHz100kHz/DIV

06425-138

= 4.8 mA; F

CP

= 4.8 mA; F

CP

= 2.46 GHz

VCO

= 2.46 GHz

VCO

06425-135

06425-134

Figure 18. Output Spectrum, LVDS; 122.88 MHz; PFD = 15.36 MHz;

LBW = 55 kHz; I

= 4.8 mA; F

CP

= 2.46 GHz

VCO

Rev. 0 | Page 20 of 80

AD9517-1

1.0

0.4

0.6

0.2

–0.2

DIFFERENT IAL OUTPUT (V)

–0.6

–1.0

02

TIME (ns)

2015105

5

06425-014

Figure 19. LVPECL Output (Differential) @ 100 MHz

0.2

0

–0.2

DIFFERENT IAL OUTPUT (V)

–0.4

021

Figure 22. LVDS Output (Differential) @ 800 MHz

1.0

0.6

0.2

–0.2

DIFFERENT IAL OUTPUT (V)

–0.6

2.8

1.8

OUTPUT (V)

0.8

TIME (ns)

06425-017

–1.0

021

TIME (ns)

06425-015

–0.2

0860 1004020

Figure 20. LVPECL Output (Differential) @ 1600 MHz

0.4

2.8

0.2

1.8

0

OUTPUT (V)

–0.2

DIFFERENT IAL OUTPUT (V)

–0.4

02

TIME (ns)

2015105

5

06425-016

Figure 21. LVDS Output (Differential) @ 100 MHz

0.8

–0.2

086121042

Figure 24. CMOS Output @ 250 MHz

TIME (ns)

Figure 23.CMOS Output @ 25 MHz

TIME (ns)

0

06425-018

06425-019

Rev. 0 | Page 21 of 80

AD9517-1

–

1600

70

–80

1400

1200

1000

DIFFERENTIAL SWING (mV p-p)

800

0321

FREQUENCY (GHz)

Figure 25. LVPECL Differential Swing vs. Frequency

06425-020

–90

–100

–110

–120

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–130

–140

–150

10k 100M10M1M100k

Figure 28. Internal VCO Phase Noise (Absolute) Direct to LVPECL @ 2650 MHz

70

700

600

DIFFERENT IAL SWING (mV p- p)

500

08

FREQUENCY (MHz )

00700600500400300200100

06425-021

Figure 26. LVDS Differential Swing vs. Frequency

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–130

–140

–150

10k 100M10M1M100k

Figure 29. Internal VCO Phase Noise (Absolute) Direct to LVPECL @ 2475 MHz

CL = 2pF

3

70

–80

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-023

06425-024

= 10pF

C

L

2

C

= 20pF

OUTPUT SWING (V)

1

0

0 600500400300200100

OUTPUT FREQUENCY (MHz)

L

Figure 27. CMOS Output Swing vs. Frequency and Capacitive Load

06425-133

–90

–100

–110

–120

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–130

–140

–150

10k 100M10M1M100k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-025

Figure 30. Internal VCO Phase Noise (Absolute) Direct to LVPECL @ 2300 MHz

Rev. 0 | Page 22 of 80

AD9517-1

–

120

–125

–130

110

–120

–135

–140

–145

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–155

–160

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 31. Phase Noise (Additive) LVPECL @ 245.76 MHz, Divide-by-1

110

–120

–130

–140

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–160

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 32. Phase Noise (Additive) LVPECL @ 200 MHz, Divide-by-5

100

–130

–140

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–160

10 100M1k 10k 100k 1M 10M100

06425-026

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-142

Figure 34. Phase Noise (Additive) LVDS @ 200 MHz, Divide-by-1

100

–110

–120

–130

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–140

–150

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

06425-027

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-130

Figure 35. Phase Noise (Additive) LVDS @ 800 MHz, Divide-by-2

120

–110

–120

–130

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–140

–150

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 33. Phase Noise (Additive) LVPECL @ 1600 MHz, Divide-by-1

06425-128

–130

–140

–150

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–160

–170

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 36. Phase Noise (Additive) CMOS @ 50 MHz, Divide-by-20

06425-131

Rev. 0 | Page 23 of 80

AD9517-1

–

100

–110

–120

–130

–140

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–160

10 100M10M1M100k10k1k100

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 37. Phase Noise (Additive) CMOS @ 250 MHz, Divide-by-4

120

06425-132

70

–80

–90

–100

–110

–120

–130

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–140

–150

–160

1k 100M10M1M100k10k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-139

Figure 39. Phase Noise (Absolute) Clock Cleanup; Internal VCO @ 2.488 GHz;

PFD = 19.44 MHz; LBW = 12.8 kHz; LVPECL Output = 155.52 MHz

120

–130

–140

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–160

1k 100M10M1M100k10k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

06425-141

Figure 38. Phase Noise (Absolute) Clock Generation; Internal VCO @

2.4576 GHz; PFD = 15.36 MHz; LBW = 55 kHz; LVPECL Output = 122.88 MHz

–130

–140

PHASE NOISE (dBc/Hz)

–150

–160

1k 100M10M1M100k10k

FREQUENCY (Hz)

Figure 40. Phase Noise (Absolute), External VCXO (Toyocom TCO-2112)

@ 245.76 MHz; PFD = 15.36 MHz; LBW = 250 Hz; LVPECL Output = 245.76 MHz

06425-140

Rev. 0 | Page 24 of 80

AD9517-1

TERMINOLOGY

Phase Jitter and Phase Noise

An ideal sine wave can be thought of as having a continuous and even progression of phase with time from 0° to 360° for each cycle. Actual signals, however, display a certain amount of variation from ideal phase progression over time. This phenomenon is called phase jitter. Although many causes can contribute to phase jitter, one major cause is random noise, which is characterized statistically as being Gaussian (normal) in distribution.

This phase jitter leads to a spreading out of the energy of the sine wave in the frequency domain, producing a continuous power spectrum. This power spectrum is usually reported as a series of values whose units are dBc/Hz at a given offset in frequency from the sine wave (carrier). The value is a ratio (expressed in dB) of the power contained within a 1 Hz bandwidth with respect to the power at the carrier frequency. For each measurement, the offset from the carrier frequency is also given.

It is meaningful to integrate the total power contained within some interval of offset frequencies (for example, 10 kHz to 10 MHz). This is called the integrated phase noise over that frequency offset interval and can be readily related to the time jitter due to the phase noise within that offset frequency interval.

Phase noise has a detrimental effect on the performance of ADCs, DACs, and RF mixers. It lowers the achievable dynamic range of the converters and mixers, although they are affected in somewhat different ways.

Time Jitter

Phase noise is a frequency domain phenomenon. In the time domain, the same effect is exhibited as time jitter. When observing a sine wave, the time of successive zero crossings varies. In a square wave, the time jitter is a displacement of the edges from their ideal (regular) times of occurrence. In both cases, the variations in timing from the ideal are the time jitter. Because these variations are random in nature, the time jitter is specified in units of seconds root mean square (rms) or 1 sigma of the Gaussian distribution.

Time jitter that occurs on a sampling clock for a DAC or an ADC decreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and dynamic range of the converter. A sampling clock with the lowest possible jitter provides the highest performance from a given converter.

Additive Phase Noise

Additive phase noise is the amount of phase noise that is attributable to the device or subsystem being measured. The phase noise of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted. This makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device impacts the total system phase noise when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contributes its own phase noise to the total. In many cases, the phase noise of one element dominates the system phase noise. When there are multiple contributors to phase noise, the total is the square root of the sum of squares of the individual contributors.

Additive Time Jitter

Additive time jitter is the amount of time jitter that is attributable to the device or subsystem being measured. The time jitter of any external oscillators or clock sources is subtracted. This makes it possible to predict the degree to which the device impacts the total system time jitter when used in conjunction with the various oscillators and clock sources, each of which contributes its own time jitter to the total. In many cases, the time jitter of the external oscillators and clock sources dominates the system time jitter.

Rev. 0 | Page 25 of 80

AD9517-1

V

DETAILED BLOCK DIAGRAM

REFIN ( REF1)

REFIN ( REF2)

BYPASS

CLK

PD

SYNC

RESET

SCLK

SDIO

SDO

CS

REF1

REF2

REGULATOR ( LDO)

LF

REF_ SEL CPRSETVCP

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

STATUS

LOW DROPOUT

VCO

DIGITAL

LOGIC

SERIAL

CONTROL

PORT

S GND RSET

DISTRIBUTI ON

REFERENCE

R

DIVIDER

VCO STATUS

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

01

N DIVIDE R

A/B

COUNTERS

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

REFMO N

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

LOCK

DETECT

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

PLL

REFERENCE

CHARGE

ΔT

PUMP

LVDS/CMOS

HOLD

LVPECL

LD

CP

STATUS

OUT0

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4 (OUT4A)

OUT4 (OUT4B)

OUT5 (OUT5A)

OUT5 (OUT5B)

AD9517-1

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

Figure 41. Detailed Block Diagram

Rev. 0 | Page 26 of 80

ΔT

LVDS/CMOS

OUT6 (OUT6A)

OUT6 (OUT6B)

OUT7 (OUT7A)

OUT7 (OUT7B)

6425-002

AD9517-1

THEORY OF OPERATION

OPERATIONAL CONFIGURATIONS

The AD9517 can be configured in several ways. These configurations must be set up by loading the control registers (see

Tabl e 51 and Ta ble 52 through Tabl e 61 ). Each section or function must be individually programmed by setting the appropriate bits in the corresponding control register or registers.

High Frequency Clock Distribution—CLK or External VCO >1600 MHz

The AD9517 power-up default configuration has the PLL powered off and the routing of the input set so that the

CLK

CLK/ through the VCO divider (divide-by-2/divide-by-3/divide-by-4/ divide-by-5/divide-by-6). This is a distribution only mode that allows for an external input up to 2400 MHz (see maximum frequency that can be applied to the channel dividers is 1600 MHz; therefore, higher input frequencies must be divided down before reaching the channel dividers. This input routing can also be used for lower input frequencies, but the minimum divide is 2 before the channel dividers.

When the PLL is enabled, this routing also allows the use of the PLL with an external VCO or VCXO with a frequency less than 2400 MHz. In this configuration, the internal VCO is not used, and is powered off. The external VCO/VCXO feeds directly into the prescaler.

The register settings shown in these registers at power-up or after a reset operation. If the contents of the registers are altered by prior programming after power-up or reset, these registers may also be set intentionally to these values.

input is connected to the distribution section

Table 3 ). The

Table 2 1 are the default values of

Table 21. Default Settings of Some PLL Registers

Register Function

0x10<1:0> = 01b PLL asynchronous power-down (PLL off) 0x1E0<2:0> = 010b Set VCO divider = 4 0x1E1<0> = 0b Use the VCO divider 0x1E1<1> = 0b CLK selected as the source

When using the internal PLL with an external VCO, the PLL must be turned on.

Table 22. Settings When Using an External VCO

Register Function

0x10 to 0x1E PLL normal operation (PLL on) 0x1E1<1> = 0b

PLL settings. Select and enable a reference input; set R, N (P, A, B), PFD polarity, and I according to the intended loop configuration.

CP

An external VCO requires an external loop filter that must be connected between CP and the tuning pin of the VCO. This loop filter determines the loop bandwidth and stability of the PLL. Make sure to select the proper PFD polarity for the VCO being used.

Table 23. Setting the PFD Polarity

Register Function

0x10<7> = 0b

0x10<7> = 1b

PFD polarity positive (higher control voltage produces higher frequency)

PFD polarity negative (higher control voltage produces lower frequency)

Rev. 0 | Page 27 of 80

AD9517-1

V

T

R

)

VCO

REFIN (REF 1)

REFIN (REF 2)

BYPASS

CLK

PD

SYNC

RESET

SCLK

SDIO

SDO

CS

LF

REF_ SEL CPRSETVCP

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

REF1

REF2

STATUS

LOW DROPOU

EGULATOR (LDO

DIGITAL

LOGIC

SERIAL

CONTROL

PORT

STATUS

S GND RSET

DISTRI BUTION

REFERENCE

R

DIVIDE R

VCO STATUS

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

01

N DIVIDER

A/B

COUNTERS

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

REFMON

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

LOCK

DETECT

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

PLL

REFERENCE

CHARGE

ΔT

PUMP

LVDS/CMOS

HOLD

LVPECL

LD

CP

STATUS

OUT0

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4 (OUT4A)

OUT4 (OUT4B)

OUT5 (OUT5A)

OUT5 (OUT5B)

AD9517-1

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

Figure 42. High Frequency Clock Distribution or External VCO >1600 MHz

Rev. 0 | Page 28 of 80

ΔT

LVDS/CMOS

OUT6 (OUT6A)

OUT6 (OUT6B)

OUT7 (OUT7A)

OUT7 (OUT7B)

06425-029

AD9517-1

Internal VCO and Clock Distribution

When using the internal VCO and PLL, the VCO divider must be employed to ensure that the frequency presented to the channel dividers does not exceed its specified maximum frequency (1600 MHz, see

Tabl e 3). The internal PLL uses an external loop filter to set the loop bandwidth. The external loop filter is also crucial to the loop stability.

When using the internal VCO, it is necessary to calibrate the VCO (0x18<0>) to ensure optimal performance.

For internal VCO and clock distribution applications, the register settings shown in

Tabl e 2 4 should be used.

Table 24. Settings When Using Internal VCO

Register Function

0x10<1:0> = 00b PLL normal operation (PLL on). 0x10 to 0x1E

0x18<0> = 0, 0x232<0> = 1

0x18<0> = 1, 0x232<0> = 1

0x1E0<2:0>

0x1E1<0> = 0b

0x1E1<1> = 1b VCO selected as the source.

PLL settings. Select and enable a reference input; set R, N (P, A, B), PFD polarity, and I according to the intended loop configuration.

Reset VCO calibration (first time after power-up, this does not have to be done, but must be done subsequently).

Initiate VCO calibration.

VCO divider set to divide-by-2, divide-by-3, divide-by-4, divide-by-5, and divide-by-6.

Use the VCO divider as source for distribution section.

CP

Rev. 0 | Page 29 of 80

AD9517-1

V

REFIN ( REF1)

REFIN ( REF2)

BYPASS

CLK

PD

SYNC

RESET

SCLK

SDIO

SDO

CS

REF1

REF2

REGULATOR ( LDO)

LF

REF_ SEL CPRSETVCP

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

STATUS

LOW DROPOUT

VCO

DIGITAL

LOGIC

SERIAL

CONTROL

PORT

S GND RSET

DISTRIBUTI ON

REFERENCE

R

DIVIDER

VCO STATUS

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

01

N DIVIDE R

A/B

COUNTERS

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

REFMO N

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

LOCK

DETECT

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

PLL

REFERENCE

CHARGE

ΔT

PUMP

LVDS/CMOS

HOLD

LVPECL

LD

CP

STATUS

OUT0

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4 (OUT4A)

OUT4 (OUT4B)

OUT5 (OUT5A)

OUT5 (OUT5B)

OUT6 (OUT6A)

OUT6 (OUT6B)

OUT7 (OUT7A)

OUT7 (OUT7B)

06425-030

AD9517-1

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

ΔT

LVDS/CMOS

ΔT

Figure 43. Internal VCO and Clock Distribution

Rev. 0 | Page 30 of 80

AD9517-1

Clock Distribution or External VCO <1600 MHz

When the external clock source to be distributed or the external VCO/VCXO is <1600 MHz, a configuration that bypasses the VCO divider can be used. This only differs from the

High Frequency Clock Distribution—CLK or External VCO >1600 MHz section in that the VCO divider (divide-by-2, divide-by-3, divide-by-4, divide-by-5, and divide-by-6) is bypassed. This limits the frequency of the clock source to <1600 MHz (due to the maximum input frequency allowed at the channel dividers).

Configuration and Register Settings

For clock distribution applications where the external clock is <1600 MHz, the register settings shown in

Tabl e 25 should be used.

Table 26. Settings for Using Internal PLL with External VCO <1600 MHz

Register Function

0x1E1<0> = 1b

0x10<1:0> = 00b

Bypass the VCO divider as source for distribution section

PLL normal operation (PLL on) along with other appropriate PLL settings in 0x10 to 0x1E

An external VCO/VCXO requires an external loop filter that must be connected between CP and the tuning pin of the VCO/VCXO. This loop filter determines the loop bandwidth and stability of the PLL. Make sure to select the proper PFD polarity for the VCO/VCXO being used.

Table 25. Settings for Clock Distribution <1600 MHz

Register Function

0x10<1:0> = 01b PLL asynchronous power-down (PLL off) 0x1E1<0> = 1b

0x1E1<1> = 0b CLK selected as the source

Bypass the VCO divider as source for distribution section

When using the internal PLL with an external VCO <1600 MHz, the PLL must be turned on.

Table 27. Setting the PFD Polarity

Register Function

0x10<7> = 0

0x10<7> = 1

PFD polarity positive (higher control voltage produces higher frequency)

PFD polarity negative (higher control voltage produces lower frequency)

Rev. 0 | Page 31 of 80

AD9517-1

V

LO

OUT

R

)

VCO

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4

6

REFIN (REF1)

REFIN (REF2)

BYPASS

CLK

PD

SYNC

RESET

SCLK

SDIO

SDO

CS

LF

REF_ SEL CPRSETVCP

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

REF1

STATUS

REF2

W DROP

EGULATOR (LDO

DIGITAL

LOGIC

SERIAL

CONTROL

PORT

STATUS

S GND RSET

DISTRIBUTI ON

REFERENCE

R

DIVIDER

VCO STATUS

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

, 5, OR

01

N DIVIDER

A/B

COUNTERS

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

REFMON

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

LOCK

DETECT

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

PLL

REFERENCE

CHARGE

ΔT

PUMP

LVDS/CMOS

HOLD

LVPECL

LD

CP

STATUS

OUT0

OUT1

OUT2

OUT3

OUT4 (OUT4A)

OUT4 (OUT4B)

OUT5 (OUT5A)

OUT5 (OUT5B)

OUT6 (OUT6A)

OUT6 (OUT6B)

OUT7 (OUT7A)

OUT7 (OUT7B)

06425-028

AD9517-1

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

DIVIDE BY

1 TO 32

ΔT

LVDS/CMOS

ΔT

Figure 44. Clock Distribution or External VCO <1600 MHz

Rev. 0 | Page 32 of 80

AD9517-1

VCPV

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

REF_SEL

SGND

RSET

REFMO N

CPRSET

N DIVIDER

DIST

REF

R DIVIDER

A/B

COUNTERS

0

1

REFIN ( REF1)

REFIN ( REF2)

BYPASS

LF

CLK

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

REF1

REF2

LOW DROPOUT

REGULATOR (LDO)

STATUS

VCO

STATUS

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

01

Figure 45. PLL Functional Blocks

The AD9517 includes an on-chip PLL with an on-chip VCO. The PLL blocks can be used either with the on-chip VCO to create a complete phase-locked loop, or with an external VCO or VCXO. The PLL requires an external loop filter, which usually consists of a small number of capacitors and resistors. The configuration and components of the loop filter help to establish the loop bandwidth and stability of the operating PLL.

The AD9517 PLL is useful for generating clock frequencies from a supplied reference frequency. This includes conversion of reference frequencies to much higher frequencies for subsequent division and distribution. In addition, the PLL can be exploited to clean up jitter and phase noise on a noisy reference. The exact choices of PLL parameters and loop dynamics are application specific. The flexibility and depth of the AD9517 PLL allow the part to be tailored to function in many different applications and signal environments.

Configuration of the PLL

The AD9517 allows flexible configuration of the PLL, accommodating various reference frequencies, PFD comparison frequencies, VCO frequencies, internal or external VCO/VCXO, and loop dynamics. This is accomplished by the various settings that include the R divider, the N divider, the PFD polarity (only applicable to external VCO/VCXO), the antibacklash pulse width, the charge pump current, the selection of internal VCO or external VCO/VCXO, and the loop bandwidth. These are managed through programmable register settings (see and

Tabl e 53 ) and by the design of the external loop filter.

Tabl e 51

PROGRAMMABLE

R DELAY

PROGRAMMABLE

N DELAY

VCO STATUS

Successful PLL operation and satisfactory PLL loop performance are highly dependent upon proper configuration of the PLL settings. The design of the external loop filter is crucial to the proper operation of the PLL. A thorough knowledge of PLL theory and design is helpful.

ADIsimCLK™ (V1.2 or later) is a free program that can help with the design and exploration of the capabilities and features of the AD9517, including the design of the PLL loop filter. It is available at

Phase Frequency Detector (PFD)

The PFD takes inputs from the R counter and N counter and produces an output proportional to the phase and frequency difference between them. The PFD includes a programmable delay element that controls the width of the antibacklash pulse. This pulse ensures that there is no dead zone in the PFD transfer function and minimizes phase noise and reference spurs. The antibacklash pulse width is set by 0x17<1:0>.

An important limit to keep in mind is the maximum frequency allowed into the PFD. The maximum input frequency into the PFD is a function of the antibacklash pulse setting, as specified in the phase/frequency detector section of

LOCK

DETECT

PLL REF

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECTOR

CHARGE PUMP

www.analog.com/clocks.

HOLD

Tabl e 2.

LD

CP

STATUS

06425-064

Rev. 0 | Page 33 of 80

AD9517-1

Charge Pump (CP)

The charge pump is controlled by the PFD. The PFD monitors the phase and frequency relationship between its two inputs and tells the CP to pump up or pump down to charge or discharge the integrating node (part of the loop filter). The integrated and filtered CP current is transformed into a voltage that drives the tuning node of the internal VCO through the LF pin (or the tuning pin of an external VCO) to move the VCO frequency up or down. The CP can be set (0x10<6:4>) for high impedance (allows holdover operation), for normal operation (attempts to lock the PLL loop), for pump up, or for pump down (test modes). The CP current is programmable in eight steps from (nominally) 600 μA to 4.8 mA. The exact value of the CP current LSB is set by the CP_RSET resistor, which is nominally 5.1 kΩ.

On-Chip VCO

The AD9517 includes an on-chip VCO covering the frequency range shown in

Tabl e 2. Achieving low VCO phase noise was a

priority in the design of the VCO.

To tune over the wide range of frequencies covered by this VCO, ranges are used. This is largely transparent to the user but is the reason that the VCO must be calibrated when the PLL loop is first set up. The calibration procedure ensures that the VCO is operating within the correct band range for the frequency that it is asked to produce. See the

VCO Calibration section for

additional information.

The on-chip VCO is powered by an on-chip, low drop out (LDO), linear voltage regulator. The LDO provides some isolation of the VCO from variations in the power supply voltage level. The BYPASS pin should be connected to ground by a 220 nF capacitor to ensure stability. This LDO employs the same technology used in the anyCAP® line of regulators from Analog Devices, Inc., making it insensitive to the type of capacitor used. Driving an external load from the BYPASS pin is not supported.

PLL External Loop Filter

When using the internal VCO, the external loop filter should be referenced to the BYPASS pin for optimal noise and spurious performance. An example of an external loop filter for the PLL is shown in

Figure 46. A loop filter must be calculated for each desired PLL configuration. The values of the components depend upon the VCO frequency, the K

, the PFD frequency,

VCO

the CP current, the desired loop bandwidth, and the desired phase margin. The loop filter affects the phase noise, the loop settling time, and the loop stability. A knowledge of PLL theory is necessary for understanding the subject of loop filter design. There are tools available, such as ADIsimCLK, that can help with the calculation of a loop filter according to the application requirements.

PLL Reference Inputs

The AD9517 features a flexible PLL reference input circuit that allows either a fully differential input or two separate singleended inputs. The input frequency range for the reference inputs is specified in the single-ended inputs are self-biased, allowing for easy ac coupling of input signals.

The differential input and the single-ended inputs share the two pins, REFIN (REF1)/ type is selected and controlled by 0x1C (see

When the differential reference input is selected, the self-bias level of the two sides is offset slightly (~100 mV, see prevent chattering of the input buffer when the reference is slow or missing. This increases the voltage swing required of the driver and overcomes the offset.

The single-ended inputs can be driven by either a dc-coupled CMOS level signal or an ac-coupled sine wave or square wave. Each single-ended input can be independently powered down when not needed to increase isolation and reduce power. Either a differential or a single-ended reference must be specifically enabled. All PLL reference inputs are off by default.

The differential reference input is powered down whenever the PLL is powered down or when the differential reference input is not selected. The single-ended buffers power down when the PLL is powered down and when their individual power-down registers are set. When the differential mode is selected, the single-ended inputs are powered down.

In differential mode, the reference input pins are internally selfbiased so that they can be ac-coupled via capacitors. It is possible to dc couple to these inputs. If the differential REFIN is driven by a single-ended signal, the unused side (

decoupled via a suitable capacitor to a quiet ground. shows the equivalent circuit of REFIN.

AD9517-1

LF

VCO

CHARGE

PUMP

Figure 46. Example of External Loop Filter for PLL

CP

BYPASS

C

= 220nF

BP

R2

R1

C1 C2 C3

Tabl e 2. Both the differential and

REFIN

(REF2). The desired reference input

Tabl e 51 and Tabl e 5 3 ).

) should be

REFIN

06425-065

Tabl e 2) to

Figure 47

Rev. 0 | Page 34 of 80

AD9517-1

V

REF1

10kΩ 12kΩ

REFIN

10kΩ 10kΩ

REF2

Figure 47. REFIN Equivalent Circuit

85kΩ

S

150Ω

V

S

V

S

06425-066

Reference Switchover

The AD9517 supports dual single-ended CMOS inputs, as well as a single differential reference input. In the dual single-ended reference mode, the AD9517 supports automatic and manual PLL reference clock switching between REF1 (on Pin REFIN) and REF2 (on Pin

REFIN

). This feature supports networking and other applications that require redundant references. When using reference switchover, the single-ended reference inputs should be dc-coupled CMOS levels and never be allowed to go to high impedance. If these inputs are allowed to go to high impedance, noise may cause the buffer to chatter, causing a false detection of the presence of a reference.

There are several configurable modes of reference switchover. The switchover can be performed manually or automatically. The manual switchover is done either through a register setting (0x1D) or by using the REF_SEL pin. The automatic switchover occurs when REF1 disappears. There is also a switchover deglitch feature that ensures that the PLL does not receive rising edges that are far out of alignment with the newly selected reference.

There are two reference automatic switchover modes (0x1C):

• Prefer REF1: Switch from REF1 to REF2 when REF1

disappears. Return to REF1 from REF2 when REF1 returns.

• Stay on REF2: Automatically switch to REF2 if REF1 disappears,

but do not switch back to REF1 if it reappears. The reference can be set back to REF1 manually at an appropriate time.

In automatic mode, REF1 is monitored by REF2. If REF1 disappears (two consecutive falling edges of REF2 without an edge transition on REF1), REF1 is considered missing. Upon the next subsequent rising edge of REF2, REF2 is used as the reference clock to the PLL. If 0x1C<3> = 0b (default), when REF1 returns (four rising edges of REF1 without two falling edges of REF2 between the REF1 edges), the PLL reference switches back to REF1. If 0x1C<3> = 1b, the user can control when to switch back to REF1. This is done by programming the part to manual reference select mode (0x1C<4> = 0b) and by ensuring that the registers and/or REF_SEL pin are set to select the desired reference. Automatic mode can be re-enabled when REF1 is reselected.

Manual switchover requires the presence of a clock on the reference input that is being switched to or that the deglitching feature be disabled (0x1C<7>).

Reference Divider R

The reference inputs are routed to the reference divider, R. R (a 14-bit counter) can be set to any value from 0 to 16383 by writing to 0x11 and 0x12. (Both R = 0 and R = 1 give divide-by-1.) The output of the R divider goes to one of the PFD inputs to be compared with the VCO frequency divided by the N divider. The frequency applied to the PFD must not exceed the maximum allowable frequency, which depends on the antibacklash pulse setting (see

Tabl e 2).

The R counter has its own reset. The R counter can be reset using the shared reset bit of the R, A, and B counters. It can also be reset by a

SYNC

operation.

VCXO/VCO Feedback Divider N: P, A, B, R

The N divider is a combination of a prescaler (P) and two counters, A and B. The total divider value is

N = (P × B) + A

where P can be 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32.

Prescaler

The prescaler of the AD9517 allows for two modes of operation: a fixed divide (FD) mode of 1, 2, or 3, and dual modulus (DM) mode where the prescaler divides by P and (P + 1) {2 and 3, 4 and 5, 8 and 9, 16 and 17, or 32 and 33}. The prescaler modes of operation are given in available at all frequencies (see

Tabl e 53 , 0x16<2:0>. Not all modes are

Tabl e 2).

When operating the AD9517 in dual modulus mode (P//P + 1), the equation used to relate input reference frequency to VCO output frequency is

= (f

f

VCO

/R) × (P × B + A) = f

REF

× N/R

REF

However, when operating the prescaler in FD mode 1, 2, or 3, the A counter is not used (A = 0) and the equation simplifies to

f

= (f

VCO

/R) × (P × B) = f

REF

× N/R

REF

When A = 0, the divide is a fixed divide of P = 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32, in which case the previous equation also applies.

Rev. 0 | Page 35 of 80

AD9517-1

By using combinations of DM and FD modes, the AD9517 can achieve values of N all the way down to N = 1.

Tabl e 28 shows how a 10 MHz reference input may be locked to any integer multiple of N.

Note that the same value of N may be derived in different ways, as illustrated by the case of N = 12. The user may choose a fixed divide mode P = 2 with B = 6, or use the dual modulus mode 2/3 with A = 0, B = 6, or use the dual modulus mode 4/5 with A = 0, B = 3.

A and B Counters

The AD9517 B counter can be bypassed (B = 1). This B counter bypass mode is only valid when using the prescaler in FD mode. When A = 0, the divide is a fixed divide of P = 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32.

Unlike the R counter, an A = 0 is actually a zero. The B counter must be ≥3 or bypassed.

Table 28. How a 10 MHz Reference Input May Be Locked to Any Integer Multiple of N

FREF R P A B N FVCO Mode Notes

10 1 1 X 1 1 10 FD P = 1, B = 1 (bypassed) 10 1 2 X 1 2 20 FD P = 2, B = 1 (bypassed) 10 1 1 X 3 3 30 FD P = 1, B = 3 10 1 1 X 4 4 40 FD P = 1, B = 4 10 1 1 X 5 5 50 FD P = 1, B = 5 10 1 2 X 3 6 60 FD P = 2, B = 3 10 1 2 0 3 6 60 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 0, B = 3 10 1 2 1 3 7 70 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 1, B = 3 10 1 2 2 3 8 80 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 2, B = 3 10 1 2 1 4 9 90 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 1, B = 4 10 1 2 X 5 10 100 FD P = 2, B = 5 10 1 2 0 5 10 100 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 0, B = 5 10 1 2 1 5 11 110 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 1, B = 5 10 1 2 X 6 12 120 FD P = 2, B = 6 10 1 2 0 6 12 120 DM P and P + 1 = 2 and 3, A = 0, B = 6 10 1 4 0 3 12 120 DM P and P + 1 = 4 and 5, A = 0, B = 3 10 1 4 1 3 13 130 DM P and P + 1 = 4 and 5, A = 1, B = 3

The maximum input frequency to the A/B counter is reflected in the maximum prescaler output frequency specified in

Tabl e 2.

This is the prescaler input frequency (VCO or CLK) divided by P.

Although manual reset is not normally required, the A/B counters have their own reset bit. A and B counters can be reset using the shared reset bit of the R, A, and B counters. They may also be reset through a

R, A, and B Counters:

SYNC

operation.

SYNC

Pin Reset

The R, A and B counters may also be reset simultaneously through the (see

SYNC

Tabl e 53 ). The

pin. This function is controlled by 0x19<7:6>

SYNC

pin reset is disabled by default.

R and N Divider Delays

Both the R and N dividers feature a programmable delay cell. These delays may be enabled to allow adjustment of the phase relationship between the PLL reference clock and the VCO or CLK. Each delay is controlled by three bits. The total delay range is about 1 ns. See 0x19 in

Tabl e 53 .

Rev. 0 | Page 36 of 80

AD9517-1

V

CLKC

DIGITAL LOCK DETECT (DLD)

By selecting the proper output through the mux on each pin, the DLD function is available at the LD, STATUS, and REFMON pins. The DLD circuit indicates a lock when the time difference of the rising edges at the PFD inputs is less than a specified value (the lock threshold). The loss of a lock is indicated when the time difference exceeds a specified value (the unlock threshold). Note that the unlock threshold is wider than the lock threshold, which allows some phase error in excess of the lock window to occur without chattering on the lock indicator.

The lock detect window timing depends on three settings: the DLD window bit (0x18<4>), the antibacklash pulse width setting (0x17<1:0>, see (0x18<6:5>). A lock is not indicated until there is a programmable number of consecutive PFD cycles with a time difference less than the lock detect threshold. The lock detect circuit continues to indicate a lock until a time difference greater than the unlock threshold occurs on a single subsequent cycle. For the lock detect to work properly, the period of the PFD frequency must be greater than the unlock threshold. The number of consecutive PFD cycles required for lock is programmable (0x18<6:5>).

Analog Lock Detect (ALD)

The AD9517 provides an ALD function that may be selected for use at the LD pin. There are two versions of ALD:

• N-channel open-drain lock detect. This signal requires a

pull-up resistor to the positive supply, VS. The output is normally high with short, low-going pulses. Lock is indicated by the minimum duty cycle of the low-going pulses.

• P-channel open-drain lock detect. This signal requires a pull-

down resistor to GND. The output is normally low with short, high-going pulses. Lock is indicated by the minimum duty cycle of the high-going pulses.

The analog lock detect function requires an R-C filter to provide a logic level indicating lock/unlock.

Figure 48. Example of Analog Lock Detect Filter, Using

Current Source Digital Lock Detect (DLD)

During the PLL locking sequence, it is normal for the DLD signal to toggle a number of times before remaining steady when the PLL is completely locked and stable. There may be applications where it is desirable to have DLD asserted only after the PLL is solidly locked. This is possible by using the current source lock detect function. This function is set by selecting it as the output from the LD pin control (0x1A<5:0>).

Tabl e 2), and the lock detect counter

= 3.3

S

AD9517-1

LD

ALD

an N-Channel Open-Drain Driver

R2

R1

V

C

OUT

06425-067

The current source lock detect provides a current of 110 μA when DLD is true and shorts to ground when DLD is false. If a capacitor is connected to the LD pin, it charges at a rate determined by the current source during the DLD true time but is discharged nearly instantly when DLD is false. By monitoring the voltage at the LD pin (top of the capacitor), it is only possible to get a Logic High level after the DLD has been true for a sufficiently long time. Any momentary DLD false resets the charging. By selecting a properly sized capacitor, it is possible to delay a lock detect indication until the PLL is stably locked, and the lock detect does not chatter.

The voltage on the capacitor can be sensed by an external comparator connected to the LD pin. However, there is an internal LD pin comparator that can be read at the REFMON pin control (0x1B<4:0>) or the STATUS pin control (0x17<7:2>) as an active high signal. It is also available as an active low signal (REFMON, 0x1B<4:0> and STATUS, 0x17<7:2>). The internal LD pin comparator trip point and hysteresis are given in

AD9517-1

110µA

C

V

OUT

CLK

DLD

LD PIN

COMPARATOR

Figure 49. Current Source Lock Detect

LD

REFMON OR STATUS

External VCXO/VCO Clock Input (CLK/

)

Table 1 6.

06425-068

CLK is a differential input that can be used as an input to drive the AD9517 clock distribution section. This input can receive up to 2.4 GHz. The pins are internally self-biased, and the input signal should be ac-coupled via capacitors.

CLOCK INPUT

STAGE

06425-032

The CLK/

V

S

LK

2.5kΩ 2.5kΩ

5kΩ

Figure 50. CLK Equivalent Input Circuit

CLK

input can be used either as a distribution only input (with the PLL off ), or as a feedback input for an external VCO/VCXO using the internal PLL when the internal VCO is not used. The CLK/

CLK

input can be used for frequencies up

to 2.4 GHz.

Rev. 0 | Page 37 of 80

AD9517-1

Holdover

The AD9517 PLL has a holdover function. Holdover is implemented by putting the charge pump into a high impedance state. This is useful when the PLL reference clock is lost. Holdover mode allows the VCO to maintain a relatively constant frequency even though there is no reference clock. Without this function, the charge pump is placed into a constant pump-up or pump-down state resulting in a massive VCO frequency shift. Because the charge pump is placed in a high impedance state, any leakage that occurs at the charge pump output or the VCO tuning node causes a drift of the VCO frequency. This can be mitigated by using a loop filter that contains a large capacitive component because this drift is limited by the current leakage induced slew rate (I

LEAK

/C) of

the VCO control voltage.

SYNC

Both a manual holdover, using the

pin, and an automatic holdover mode are provided. To use either function, the holdover function must be enabled (0x1D<0> and 0x1D<2>).

[Note that the VCO cannot be calibrated with the holdover enabled because the holdover resets the N divider during calibration, which prevents proper calibration. Disable holdover before issuing a VCO calibration.]

Manual Holdover Mode

A manual holdover mode can be enabled that allows the user to place the charge pump into a high impedance state when the SYNC

pin is asserted low. This operation is edge sensitive, not level sensitive. The charge pump enters a high impedance state immediately. To take the charge pump out of a high impedance state take the

SYNC

pin high. The charge pump then leaves high impedance state synchronously with the next PFD rising edge from the reference clock. This prevents extraneous charge pump events from occurring during the time between

SYNC

going high and the next PFD event. This also means that the charge pump stays in a high impedance state as long as there is no reference clock present.

The B-counter (in the N divider) is reset synchronously with the charge pump leaving the high impedance state on the reference path PFD event. This helps align the edges out of the R and N dividers for faster settling of the PLL. Because the prescaler is not reset, this feature works best when the B and R numbers are close because this results in a smaller phase difference for the loop to settle out.

When using this mode, the channel dividers should be set to

SYNC

ignore the

pin (at least after an initial

dividers are not set to ignore the

SYNC

event). If the

pin, any time

SYNC

is taken low to put the part into holdover the distribution outputs turn off.

Automatic/Internal Holdover Mode

When enabled, this function automatically puts the charge pump into a high impedance state when the loop loses lock. The assumption is that the only reason the loop loses lock is due to the PLL losing the reference clock; therefore, the holdover function puts the charge pump into a high impedance state to maintain the VCO frequency as close as possible to the original frequency before the reference clock disappears.

A flow chart of the automatic/internal holdover function

NO

Figure 51.

LOOP OUT OF LOCK. DIGITAL LOCK DETECT SIGNAL GOES LOW WHEN THE LOOP LEA VES LOCK AS DET ERMINED BY THE PHASE DIFFERENCE AT THE INPUT OF THE PFD.

ANALOG LO CK DETECT PIN INDICATES LOCK WAS PREVIOUSLY ACHIEVED. (0x1D<3> = 1: USE L D PIN VOLT AGE WITH HOLDOVER. 0x1D<3> = 0: IGNO RE LD PIN VOLTAGE, TREAT LD PIN AS ALWAYS HIGH.)

CHARGE PUMP IS MADE HIGH IMPEDANCE . PLL COUNTERS CONTINUE OPERATING NORMALLY.

CHARGE PUMP REM AINS HIGH IMPEDANCE UNTIL THE REFERENCE HAS RETURNED.

YES

TAKE CHARGE PUMP OUT OF HIGH IMPEDANCE . PLL CAN NOW RESETTLE.

WAIT FOR DLD TO GO HIGH. THIS TAKES 5 TO 255 CYCLES ( PROGRAMMING OF THE DLD DELAY COUNTE R) WITH THE REFERENCE AND FEEDBACK CLOCKS INSIDE THE LOCK WINDOW AT THE PFD. THIS ENSURES THAT THE HOLDOVER FUNCTION WAITS FOR THE PLL TO SETTLE AND LOCK BEFORE THE HOLDOVER F UNCTION CAN BE RETRIGGE RED.

operation is shown in

PLL ENABLED

DLD == LOW

YES

WAS

LD PIN == HIGH

WHEN DLD WENT

LOW?

YES

HIGH IMPEDANCE

CHARGE PUMP

YES

REFERENCE

EDGE AT PFD?

YES

RELEASE

CHARGE PUMP

HIGH IMPEDANCE

YES

DLD == HIGH

Figure 51. Flow Chart of Automatic/Internal Holdover Mode

The holdover function senses the logic level of the LD pin as a condition to enter holdover. The signal at LD can be from the DLD, ALD, or current source LD mode. It is possible to disable the LD comparator (0x1D<3>), which causes the holdover function to always sense LD as high. If DLD is used, it is possible for the DLD signal to chatter some while the PLL is reacquiring lock. The holdover function may retrigger, thereby preventing the holdover mode from terminating. Use of the current source lock detect mode is recommended to avoid this situation (see the

Current Source Digital Lock Detect section).

6425-069

Rev. 0 | Page 38 of 80

AD9517-1

Once in holdover mode, the charge pump stays in a high impedance state as long as there is no reference clock present.

As in the external holdover mode, the B counter (in the N divider) is reset synchronously with the charge pump leaving high impedance state on the reference path PFD event. This helps to align the edges out of the R and N dividers for faster settling of the PLL and to reduce frequency errors during settling. Because the prescaler is not reset, this feature works best when the B and R numbers are close, resulting in a smaller phase difference for the loop to settle out.

After leaving holdover, the loop then reacquires lock and the LD pin must charge (if 0x1D<3> = 1) before it can re-enter holdover (CP high impedance).

The holdover function always responds to the state of the currently selected reference (0x1C). If the loop loses lock during a reference switchover (see the holdover is triggered briefly until the next reference clock edge at the PFD.

The following registers affect the automatic/internal holdover function:

• 0x18<6:5>—lock detect counter. This changes how many

consecutive PFD cycles with edges inside the lock detect window are required for the DLD indicator to indicate lock. This impacts the time required before the LD pin can begin to charge as well as the delay from the end of a holdover event until the holdover function can be re-engaged.

• 0x18<3>—disable digital lock detect. This bit must be set to a

0 to enable the DLD circuit. Automatic/internal holdover does not operate correctly without the DLD function enabled.

• 0x1A<5:0>—LD pin control. Set this to 000100b to put it in

the current source lock detect mode if using the LD pin comparator. Load the LD pin with a capacitor of an appropriate value.

Reference Switchover section),

For example, to use automatic holdover with:

• Automatic reference switchover, prefer REF1.

• Digital lock detect: five PFD cycles, high range window.

• Automatic holdover using the LD pin comparator.

The following registers are set (in addition to the normal PLL registers):

• 0x18<6:5> = 00b; lock detect counter = five cycles.

• 0x18<4> = 0b; lock detect window = high range.

• 0x18<3> = 0b; DLD normal operation.

• 0x1A<5:0> = 000100b; current source lock detect mode.

• 0x1C<4> = 1b; automatic reference switchover enabled.

• 0x1C<3> = 0b; prefer REF1.

• 0x1C<2:1> = 11b; enable REF1 and REF2 input buffers.

• 0x1D<3> = 1b; enable LD pin comparator.

• 0x1D<2> = 1b; enable the holdover function.

• 0x1D<1> = 0b; use internal/automatic holdover mode.

• 0x1D<0> = 1b; enable the holdover function.

Frequency Status Monitors

The AD9517 contains three frequency status monitors that are used to indicate if the PLL reference (or references in the case of single-ended mode) and the VCO have fallen below a threshold frequency. A diagram showing their location in the PLL is shown in

The PLL reference monitors have two threshold frequencies: normal and extended (see monitor thresholds are selected in 0x1F.

Figure 52.

Tabl e 16 ). The reference frequency

• 0x1D<3>—enable LD pin comparator. 1 = enable; 0 = disable.

When disabled, the holdover function always senses the LD pin as high.

• 0x1D<1>—enable external holdover control.

• 0x1D<0> and 0x1D<2>—holdover enable. If holdover is

disabled, both external and automatic/internal holdover are disabled.

Rev. 0 | Page 39 of 80

AD9517-1

V

REFIN ( REF1)

REFIN ( REF2)

BYPASS

CLK

REF1

REF2

REGULATOR ( LDO)

LF

REF_SEL CPRSETVCP

REFERENCE

SWITCHOVER

STATUS

LOW DROPOUT

VCO

S GND RSET

DISTRIBUTI ON

REFERENCE

R

DIVIDER

N DIVIDE R

P, P + 1

PRESCALER

DIVIDE BY

2, 3, 4, 5, OR 6

01

A/B

COUNTERS

Figure 52. Reference and VCO Status Monitors

VCO Calibration

The AD9517 on-chip VCO must be calibrated to ensure proper operation over process and temperature. The VCO calibration is controlled by a calibration controller running off a divided REFIN clock. The calibration requires that the PLL be set up properly to lock the PLL loop and that the REFIN clock be present. During the first initialization after a power-up or a reset of the AD9517, a VCO calibration sequence is initiated by setting 0x18<0> = 1b. This can be done as part of the initial setup before executing an update registers (0x232<0> = 1b). Subsequent to the initial setup, a VCO calibration sequence is initiated by resetting 0x18<0> = 0b, executing an update registers operation, setting 0x18<0> = 1b, and executing another update registers operation. A readback bit (0x1F<6>) indicates when a VCO calibration is finished by returning a logic true (that is, 1b).

The sequence of operations for the VCO calibration is:

• Program the PLL registers to the proper values for the PLL loop.

• For the initial setting of the registers after a power-up or

reset, initiate VCO calibration by setting 0x18<0> = 1b. Subsequently, whenever a calibration is desired, set 0x18<0> = 0b, update registers, and set 0x18<0> = 1b, update registers.

• A SYNC operation is initiated internally, causing the outputs

to go to a static state determined by normal SYNC function operation.

• VCO calibrates to the desired setting for the requested VCO

frequency.

• Internally, the SYNC signal is released, allowing outputs to

continue clocking.

• PLL loop is closed.

• PLL locks.

PROGRAMMABLE

VCO STATUS

0

1

REFMO N

LD

CP

STATUS

R DELAY

N DELAY

LOCK

DETECT

PHASE

FREQUENCY

DETECT OR

PLL

REFERENCE

CHARGE

PUMP

HOLD

A SYNC is executed during the VCO calibration; therefore, the outputs of the AD9517 are held static during the calibration, which prevents unwanted frequencies from being produced. However, at the end of a VCO calibration, the outputs may resume clocking before the PLL loop is completely settled.

The VCO calibration clock divider is set as shown in

Tabl e 53

(0x18<2:1>).

The calibration divider divides the PFD frequency (reference frequency divided by R) down to the calibration clock. The calibration occurs at the PFD frequency divided by the calibration divider setting. Lower VCO calibration clock frequencies result in longer times for a calibration to be completed.

The VCO calibration clock frequency is given by

= f

f

CAL_CLOCK

/(R × cal_div)

REFIN

where:

f

is the frequency of the REFIN signal.

REFIN

R is the value of the R divider. cal_div is the division set for the VCO calibration divider

(0x18<2:1>).

The VCO calibration takes 4400 calibration clock cycles. Therefore, the VCO calibration time in PLL reference clock cycles is given by

Time to Calibrate VCO =

4400 × R × cal_div PLL Reference Clock Cycles

Table 29. Example Time to Complete a VCO Calibration with Different f

f

(MHz) R Divider PFD Time to Calibrate VCO

REFIN

Frequencies

REFIN

100 1 100 MHz 88 μs 10 10 1 MHz 8.8 ms 10 100 100 kHz 88 ms

06425-070

Rev. 0 | Page 40 of 80

AD9517-1

VCO calibration must be manually initiated. This allows for flexibility in deciding what order to program registers and when to initiate a calibration, instead of having it happen every time certain PLL registers have their values change. For example, this allows for the VCO frequency to be changed by small amounts without having an automatic calibration occur each time; this should be done with caution and only when the user knows the VCO control voltage is not going to exceed the nominal best performance limits. For example, a few 100 kHz steps are fine, but a few MHz might not be. Additionally, because the calibration procedure results in rapid changes in the VCO frequency, the distribution section is automatically placed in SYNC until the calibration is finished. Therefore, this temporary loss of outputs must be expected.

A VCO calibration should be initiated under the following conditions:

• After changing any of the PLL R, P, B, and A divider settings,

or after a change in the PLL reference clock frequency. This, in effect, means any time a PLL register or reference clock is changed such that a different VCO frequency results.

• Whenever system calibration is desired. The VCO is designed

to operate properly over extremes of temperatures even when it is first calibrated at the opposite extreme. However, a VCO calibration can be initiated at any time, if desired.

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

A clock channel consists of a pair (or double pair, in the case of CMOS) of outputs that share a common divider. A clock output consists of the drivers that connect to the output pins. The clock outputs have either LVPECL or LVDS/CMOS signal levels at the pins.

The AD9517 has four clock channels: two channels are LVPECL (four outputs); two channels are LVDS/CMOS (up to four LVDS outputs or up to eight CMOS outputs).

Each channel has its own programmable divider that divides the clock frequency applied to its input. The LVPECL channel dividers contain a divider that can divide by any integer from 1 to 32. Each LVDS/CMOS channel divider contains two cascaded dividers that can be set to divide by any integer from 1 to 32. The total division of the channel is the product of the divide value of the two cascaded dividers. This allows divide values of (1 to 32) × (1 to 32), or up to 1024 (notice that this is not all values from 1 to 1024 but only the set of numbers that are the product of the two dividers).

Because the internal VCO frequency is above the maximum channel divider input frequency (1600 MHz), the VCO divider must be used after the on-chip VCO. The VCO divider can be set to divide by 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6. External clock signals connected to the CLK input also require the VCO divider if the frequency of the signal is greater than 1600 MHz.

The channel dividers allow for a selection of various duty cycles, depending on the currently set division. That is, for any specific division, D, the output of the divider can be set to high for N + 1 input clock cycles and low for M + 1 input clock cycles (where D = N + M + 2). For example, a divide-by-5 can be high for one divider input cycle and low for four cycles, or a divideby-5 can be high for three divider input cycles and low for two cycles. Other combinations are also possible.

The channel dividers include a duty-cycle correction function that can be disabled. In contrast to the selectable duty cycle just described, this function can correct a non-50% duty cycle caused by an odd division. However, this requires that the division be set by M = N + 1.

In addition, the channel dividers allow a coarse phase offset or delay to be set. Depending on the division selected, the output can be delayed by up to 31 input clock cycles. The divider outputs can also be set to start high or to start low.

Internal VCO or External CLK as Clock Source

The clock distribution of the AD9517 has two clock input sources: an internal VCO and an external clock connected to

0x1E1

CLK

pins. Either the internal VCO or CLK must be

Channel Divider Source VCO Divider

Tabl e 30

the CLK/ chosen as the source of the clock signal to distribute. When the internal VCO is selected as the source, the VCO divider must be used. When CLK is selected as the source, it is not necessary to use the VCO divider if the CLK frequency is less than the maximum channel divider input frequency (1600 MHz); otherwise, the VCO divider must be used to reduce the frequency to one acceptable by the channel dividers. shows how the VCO, CLK, and VCO divider are selected. 0x1E1<1:0> selects the channel divider source and determines whether the VCO divider is used. It is not possible to select the VCO without using the VCO divider.

Table 30. Selecting VCO or CLK as Source for Channel Divider and Whether VCO Divider Is Used

<1> <0>

0 0 CLK Used 0 1 CLK Not used 1 0 VCO Used 1 1 Not allowed Not allowed

CLK or VCO Direct to LVPECL Outputs

It is possible to connect either the internal VCO or the CLK (whichever is selected as the input to the VCO divider) directly to the LVPECL outputs, OUT0 to OUT3. This configuration can pass frequencies up to the maximum frequency of the VCO directly to the LVPECL outputs. The LVPECL outputs may not be able to provide a full voltage swing at the highest frequencies.

Rev. 0 | Page 41 of 80

AD9517-1

To connect the LVPECL outputs directly to the internal VCO or CLK, the VCO divider must be selected as the source to the distribution section, even if no channel uses it.

Either the internal VCO or the CLK can be selected as the source for the direct-to-output routing.

Table 31. Settings for Routing VCO Divider Input Directly to LVPECL Outputs

Register Setting Selection

0x1E1<1:0> = 00b CLK is the source; VCO divider selected 0x1E1<1:0> = 10b VCO is the source; VCO divider selected 0x192<1> = 1b Direct to output (OUT0, OUT1) 0x198<1> = 1b Direct to output (OUT2, OUT3)

Clock Frequency Division

The total frequency division is a combination of the VCO divider (when used) and the channel divider. When the VCO divider is used, the total division from the VCO or CLK to the output is the product of the VCO divider (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6) and the division of the channel divider.

Table 3 2 and Tab l e 3 3 indicate how the frequency division for a channel is set. For the LVPECL outputs, there is only one divider per channel. For the LVDS/CMOS outputs, there are two dividers (X.1, X.2) cascaded per channel.

Table 32. Frequency Division for Divider 0 and Divider 1

CLK or VCO Selected

CLK/VCO 2 to 6 1 (bypassed) Yes 1 CLK/VCO 2 to 6 1 (bypassed) No (2 to 6) × (1) CLK/VCO 2 to 6 2 to 32 No

CLK

VCO Divider

Not used

Channel Divider

1 (bypassed) No 1

2 to 32 No 2 to 32

Direct to Output

Frequency Division

(2 to 6) × (2 to 32)

Table 33. Frequency Division for Divider 2 and Divider 3

CLK or VCO Selected

CLK/VCO 2 to 6

CLK/VCO 2 to 6 2 to 32

CLK/VCO 2 to 6 2 to 32 2 to 32

CLK

VCO Divider

Not used

Channel Divider

X.1 X.2

1 (bypassed) 1 (bypassed)

1 (bypassed)

1 1 1

2 to 32 1 (2 to 32) × (1)

2 to 32 2 to 32

Frequency Division

(2 to 6) × (1) × (1)

(2 to 6) × (2 to 32) × (1)

(2 to 6) × (2 to 32) × (2 to 32)

2 to 32 × (2 to 32)

The channel dividers feeding the LVPECL output drivers contain one 2-to-32 frequency divider. This divider provides for division by 1 to 32. Division by 1 is accomplished by bypassing the divider. The dividers also provide for a programmable duty cycle, with optional duty-cycle correction when the divide ratio is odd. A phase offset or delay in increments of the input clock cycle is selectable. The channel dividers operate with a signal at their inputs up to 1600 MHz. The features and settings of the dividers are selected by programming the appropriate setup and control registers (see

Tabl e 51 through Tab le 6 1).

VCO Divider

The VCO divider provides frequency division between the internal VCO or the external CLK input and the clock distribution channel dividers. The VCO divider can be set to divide by 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 (see

Table 5 9, 0x1E0<2:0>).

Channel Dividers—LVPECL Outputs

Each pair of LVPECL outputs is driven by a channel divider. There are two channel dividers (0, 1) driving four LVPECL outputs (OUT0 to OUT3).

Tabl e 3 4 gives the register locations used for setting the division and other functions of these dividers. The division is set by the values of M and N. The divider can be bypassed (equivalent to divide-by-1, divider circuit is powered down) by setting the bypass bit. The duty-cycle correction can be enabled or disabled according to the setting of the DCCOFF bits.

Table 34. Setting D

Low Cycles M High Cycles

Divider

0 0x190<7:4> 0x190<3:0> 0x191<7> 0x192<0> 1 0x196<7:4> 0x196<3:0> 0x197<7> 0x198<0>

for Divider 0 and Divider 1

X

N

Bypass DCCOFF

Channel Frequency Division (0, 1)

For each channel (where the channel number is x: 0, 1), the frequency division, D

, is set by the values of M and N

X

(four bits each, representing Decimal 0 to Decimal 15), where

Number of Low Cycles = M + 1

Number of High Cycles = N + 1

The cycles are cycles of the clock signal currently routed to the input of the channel dividers (VCO divider out or CLK).

When a divider is bypassed, D

Otherwise, D

= (N + 1) + (M + 1) = N + M + 2. This allows

X

= 1.

X

each channel divider to divide by any integer from 1 to 32.

Rev. 0 | Page 42 of 80

AD9517-1

Duty Cycle and Duty-Cycle Correction (0, 1)

The duty cycle of the clock signal at the output of a channel is a result of some or all of the following conditions:

• What are the M and N values for the channel?

• Is the DCC enabled?

• Is the VCO divider used?

• What is the CLK input duty cycle? (The internal VCO has a

50% duty cycle.)

The DCC function is enabled by default for each channel divider. However, the DCC function can be disabled individually for each channel divider by setting the DCCOFF bit for that channel.

Certain M and N values for a channel divider result in a non50% duty cycle. A non-50% duty cycle can also result with an even division if M ≠ N. The duty-cycle correction function automatically corrects non-50% duty cycles at the channel divider output to 50% duty cycle. Duty-cycle correction requires the following channel divider conditions:

• An even division must be set as M = N

• An odd division must be set as M = N + 1

When not bypassed or corrected by the DCC function, the duty cycle of each channel divider output is the numerical value of (N + 1)/(N + M + 2) expressed as a %.

The duty cycle at the output of the channel divider for various configurations is shown in

Tabl e 3 5 to Ta bl e 37 .

Table 35. Duty Cycle with VCO Divider; Input Duty Cycle Is 50%

VCO Divider

Even

Odd = 3

Odd = 5

Even, Odd Even

Even, Odd Odd

N + M + 2 DCCOFF = 1 DCCOFF = 0

1 (divider bypassed)

D

X

50% 50%

33.3% 50%

40% 50%

(N + 1)/ (N + M + 2)

Output Duty Cycle

50%; requires M = N

50%; requires M = N + 1

Table 36. Duty Cycle with VCO Divider; Input Duty Cycle Is X%

D

VCO Divider

Even

Odd = 3

Odd = 5

Even Even

Odd

Odd = 3 Even

Odd = 3 Odd

Odd = 5 Even

Odd = 5 Odd

X

N + M + 2 DCCOFF = 1 DCCOFF = 0

1 (divider bypassed)

50% 50%

33.3% (1 + X%)/3

40% (2 + X%)/5

(N + 1)/ (N + M + 2)

Output Duty Cycle

50%, requires M = N

50%, requires M = N + 1

50%, requires M = N

(3N + 4 + X%)/(6N + 9), requires M = N + 1

50%, requires M = N

(5N + 7 + X%)/(10N + 15), requires M = N + 1

Table 37. Channel Divider Output Duty Cycle When the VCO Divider Is Not Used

D

Input Clock Duty Cycle

Any 1

Any Even

50% Odd

X% Odd

X

N + M + 2 DCCOFF = 1 DCCOFF = 0

1 (divider bypassed)

(N + 1)/ (M + N + 2)

Output Duty Cycle

Same as input duty cycle

50%, requires M = N

50%, requires M = N + 1

(N + 1 + X%)/(2 × N + 3), requires M = N + 1

The internal VCO has a duty cycle of 50%. Therefore, when the VCO is connected directly to the output, the duty cycle is 50%. If the CLK input is routed directly to the output, the duty cycle of the output is the same as the CLK input.

Rev. 0 | Page 43 of 80

AD9517-1

Phase Offset or Coarse Time Delay (0, 1)

Each channel divider allows for a phase offset, or a coarse time delay, to be programmed by setting register bits (see

Tabl e 38 ). These settings determine the number of cycles (successive rising edges) of the channel divider input frequency by which to offset, or delay, the rising edge of the output of the divider. This delay is with respect to a nondelayed output (that is, with a phase offset of zero). The amount of the delay is set by five bits loaded into the phase offset (PO) register plus the start high (SH) bit for each channel divider. When the start high bit is set, the delay is also affected by the number of low cycles (M) programmed for the divider.

It is necessary to use the SYNC function to make phase offsets effective (see the

Synchronizing the Outputs—SYNC Function

section).

Table 38. Setting Phase Offset and Division for Divider 0 and Divider 1

Divider

Start High (SH)

Phase Offset (PO)

Low Cycles M High Cycles

N

0 0x191<4> 0x191<3:0> 0x190<7:4> 0x190<3:0> 1 0x197<4> 0x197<3:0> 0x196<7:4> 0x196<3:0>

Let

= delay (in seconds).

Δ

t

Δ

= delay (in cycles of clock signal at input to DX).

c

T

= period of the clock signal at the input of the divider, DX

X

(in seconds). Φ = 16 × SH<4> + 8 × PO<3> + 4 × PO<2> + 2 × PO<1> + 1 × PO<0>.

The channel divide-by is set as N = high cycles and M = low cycles.

Case 1

For Φ ≤ 15: Δ

= Φ × TX

t

Δ

= Δt/TX = Φ

c

Case 2

For Φ ≥ 16: Δ

= (Φ − 16 + M + 1) × T

t

Δc = Δt/T

X

By giving each divider a different phase offset, output-to-output delays can be set in increments of the channel divider input clock cycle.

Figure 53 shows the results of setting such a coarse

offset between outputs.

CHANNEL

DIVIDER INPUT

DIVIDER 0

DIVIDER 1

DIVIDER 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

SH = 0 PO = 0

SH = 0 PO = 1

SH = 0 PO = 2

Tx

E

L

I

D

N

A

H

C

I

D

V

1 × Tx

2 × Tx

P

T

U

S

T

U

E

R

O

V

I

D

=

5

0

,

=

4

%

T

U

D

Y

Figure 53. Effect of Coarse Phase Offset (or Delay)

06425-071

Rev. 0 | Page 44 of 80

Channel Dividers—LVDS/CMOS Outputs

Channel Divider 2 and Channel Divider 3 each drive a pair of LVDS out p uts , g i v i n g f ou r LV D S o utputs (OUT4 to OUT7). Alternatively, each of these LVDS differential outputs can be configured individually as a pair (A and B) of CMOS singleended outputs, providing for up to eight CMOS outputs. By default, the B output of each pair is off but can be turned on as desired.

Channel Divider 2 and Channel Divider 3 each consist of two cascaded, 1 to 32, frequency dividers. The channel frequency division is D

X.1

× D

or up to 1024. Both of the dividers also

X.2

have DCC enabled by default, but this function can be disabled, if desired, by setting the DCCOFF bit of the channel. A coarse phase offset or delay is also programmable (see the or Coarse Time Delay (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Phase Offset

section). The channel dividers operate up to 1600 MHz. The features and settings of the dividers are selected by programming the appropriate setup and control registers (see through

Table 39. Setting Division (D

Tabl e 61 ).

) for Divider 2, Divider 3

X

Tabl e 51 and Tabl e 5 2

Divider M N Bypass DCCOFF

2 2.1 0x199<7:4> 0x199<3:0> 0x19C<4> 0x19D<0>

2.2 0x19B<7:4> 0x19B<3:0> 0x19C<5> 0x19D<0> 3 3.1 0x19E<7:4> 0x19E<3:0> 0x1A1<4> 0x1A2<0>

3.2 0x1A0<7:4> 0x1A0<3:0> 0x1A1<5> 0x1A2<0>

Channel Frequency Division (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

The division for each channel divider is set by the bits in the registers for the individual dividers (X.Y = 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, and 3.2)

Number of Low Cycles = M

Number of High Cycles = N

When both X.1 and X.2 are bypassed, D

When only X.2 is bypassed, D

When both X.1 and X.2 are not bypassed, D (N

+ M

X.2

+ 2).

X.2

X.Y

= (N

X

+ 1

X.1

= 1 × 1 = 1.

X

+ M

+ 2) × 1.

X.1

= (N

X

X.1

+ M

+ 2) ×

X.1

By cascading the dividers, channel division up to 1024 can be obtained. However, not all integer value divisions from 1 to 1024 are obtainable; only the values that are the product of the separate divisions of the two dividers (D

X.1

× D

X.2

) can be realized.

If only one divider is needed when using Divider 2 and Divider 3, use the first one (X.1) and bypass the second one (X.2). Do not bypass X.1 and use X.2.

AD9517-1

Duty Cycle and Duty-Cycle Correction (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

The same duty cycle and DCC considerations apply to Divider 2 and Divider 3 as to Divider 0 and Divider 1 (see Duty-Cycle Correction (0, 1)

); however, with these channel

Duty Cycle and

dividers, the number of possible configurations is even more complex.

Duty-cycle correction on Divider 2 and Divider 3 requires the following channel divider conditions:

• An even D

must be set as M

X.Y

= N

(low cycles = high

X.Y

cycles).

• An odd D

must be set as M

X.Y

= N

+ 1 (the number of

X.Y

low cycles must be one greater than the number of high cycles).

• If only one divider is bypassed, it must be the second

divider, X.2.

• If only one divider has an even divide-by, it must be the

second divider, X.2.

The possibilities for the duty cycle of the output clock from Divider 2 and Divider 3 are shown in

Tabl e 40 through Tab le 4 4.

Table 40. Divider 2 and Divider 3 Duty Cycle; VCO Divider Used; Duty Cycle Correction Off (DCCOFF = 1)

VCO Divider

D

X.1

N

+ M

X.1

+ 2 N

X.1

X.2

D

+ M

X.2

Output Duty Cycle

+ 2

X.2

Even 1 1 50% Odd = 3 1 1 33.3% Odd = 5 1 1 40% Even Even, Odd 1

Odd Even, Odd 1

Even Even, Odd Even, Odd

Odd Even, Odd Even, Odd

(N (N

X.1

X.2

+ 1)/ + M

X.1

X.2

+ 2)

Table 41. Divider 2 and Divider 3 Duty Cycle; VCO Divider Not Used; Duty Cycle Correction Off (DCCOFF = 1)

Input Clock Duty Cycle

D

X.1

N

+ M

X.1

+ 2 N

X.1

X.2

D

+ M

X.2

+ 2

Output Duty Cycle

50% 1 1 50% X% 1 1 X% 50% Even, Odd 1

X% Even, Odd 1

50% Even, Odd Even, Odd

X% Even, Odd Even, Odd

(N (N

+ 1)/

X.1

+ M

X.1

+ 1)/

X.1

+ M

X.1

+ 1)/

X.2

+ M

X.2

+ 1)/

X.2

+ M

X.2

X.1

X.2

+ 2)

Table 42. Divider 2 and Divider 3 Duty Cycle; VCO Divider Used; Duty Cycle Correction Is On (DCCOFF = 0); VCO Divider Input Duty Cycle = 50%

VCO Divider

D

X.1

N

+ M

X.1

+ 2 N

X.1

X.2

+ M

D

X.2

+ 2

X.2

Output Duty Cycle

Even 1 1 50% Odd 1 1 50% Even Even (N Odd Even (N Even Odd (M Odd Odd (M Even Even (N Odd Even (N Even Odd (M Odd Odd (M Even Odd (M Odd Odd (M

= M

X.1

) 1 50%

X.1

= M

) 1 50%

X.1

= N

+ 1) 1 50%

X.1

= N

+ 1) 1 50%

X.1

= M

X.1

= M

X.1

= N

+ 1) Even (N

X.1

= N

+ 1) Even (N

X.1

= N

+ 1) Odd (M

X.1

= N

+ 1) Odd (M

X.1

) Even (N ) Even (N

X.2

= M = M = M

= M = N = N

) 50%

X.2

) 50%

X.2

) 50%

X.2

) 50%

X.2

+ 1) 50%

X.2

+ 1) 50%

X.2

Rev. 0 | Page 45 of 80

AD9517-1

Table 43. Divider 2 and Divider 3 Duty Cycle; VCO Divider Used; Duty Cycle Correction On (DCCOFF = 0); VCO Divider Input Duty Cycle = X%

VCO Divider

D

X.1

N

+ M

X.1

+ 2 N

X.1

X.2

D

+ M

X.2

+ 2

Output Duty Cycle

Even 1 1 50% Odd = 3 1 1 (1 + X%)/3 Odd = 5 1 1 (2 + X%)/5 Even

Odd

Even

Odd = 3

Odd = 5

Even

Odd

Even

Odd

Even

Odd = 3

Odd = 5

Even (N

X.1

Even (N

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Even (N

X.1

Even (N

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

= M

= N

= M

= N

X.1

1 50%

)

1 50%

)

1 50%

+ 1)

)

+ 1)

1

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Odd (M

X.2

Odd (M

X.2

= M

= N

X.2

)

+ 1)

(3N (6N

(5N (10N

50%

(6N 9N

X.1

X.1NX.2

X.2

(3(2N (2N

X.2

+ 1)

Odd (M

X.2

= N

X.2

+ 1)

(10N 15N (5(2 N (2 N

+ 4 + X%)/ + 9)

+ 7 + X%)/

+ 15)

X.1

+ 9N

+ 13 + X%)/

+ 3)

X.1

+ 3))

+ 15N

X.1NX.2

+ 22 + X%)/

X.2

+ 3)

X.1

+ 3))

X.2

+

X.1

+

Table 44. Divider 2 and Divider 3 Duty Cycle; VCO Divider Not Used; Duty Cycle Correction On (DCCOFF = 0)

Input Clock Duty Cycle N

X.1

D

+ M

X.1

+ 2 N

X.1

X.2

D

+ M

X.2

Output Duty Cycle

+ 2

X.2

50% 1 1 50% 50%

Even (N

X.1

= M

X.1

1 50%

) X% 1 1 X% (High) X%

50%

X%

50%

X%

50%

X%

50%

X%

Even (N

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Even (N

X.1

Even (N

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

Odd (M

X.1

= M

= N

= M

= N

X.1

1 50%

)

1 50%

+ 1)

)

+ 1)

1

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Even (N

X.2

Odd (M

X.2

Odd (M

X.2

= M

= N

X.2

)

+ 1)

(N

X.1

(2N 50%

50%

(2N 3N

X.2

((2N

+ 1 + X%)/

+ 3)

X.1

+ 3N

X.1NX.2

+ 4 + X%)/

+ 3)(2N

X.1

X.2

+

+ 3))

Phase Offset or Coarse Time Delay (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Divider 2 and Divider 3 can be set to have a phase offset or delay. The phase offset is set by a combination of the bits in the phase offset and start high registers (see

Tabl e 45 ).

Table 45. Setting Phase Offset and Division for Divider 2 and Divider 3

Divider

Start High (SH)

Phase Offset (PO)

Low Cycles M

High Cycles N

2 2.1 0x19C<0> 0x19A<3:0> 0x199<7:4> 0x199<3:0>

2.2 0x19C<1> 0x19A<7:4> 0x19B<7:4> 0x19B<3:0> 3 3.1 0x1A1<0> 0x19F<3:0> 0x19E<7:4> 0x19E<3:0>

3.2 0x1A1<1> 0x19F<7:4> 0x1A0<7:4> 0x1A0<3:0>

Let:

= delay (in seconds).

Δ

t

Φ

= 16 × SH<0> + 8 × PO<3> + 4 × PO<2> + 2 × PO<1> +

x.y

1 × PO<0>. T

= period of the clock signal at the input to D

X.1

T

= period of the clock signal at the input to D

X.2

(in seconds).

X.1

(in seconds).

X.2

Rev. 0 | Page 46 of 80

AD9517-1

Case 1

When Φ

Δ

= Φ

t

≤ 15 and Φ

x.1

× T

x.1

X.1

+ Φ

X.2

x.2

× T

≤ 15:

x.2

Case 2

When Φ

Δ

= Φ

t

≤ 15 and Φ

x.1

× T

X.1

+ (Φ

≥ 16:

x.2

− 16 + M

X.2

+ 1) × T

X.2

Case 3

When Φ

Δ

= (Φ

t

≥ 16 and Φ

X.1

− 16 + M

X.1

X.2

+ 1) × T

X.1

≤ 15:

X.1

+ Φ

X.2

× T

X.2

Case 4

When Φ

Δ

=

t

(Φ

− 16 + M

X.1

≥ 16 and Φ

X.1

X.2

+ 1) × T

≥ 16:

+ (Φ

X.1

− 16 + M

X.2

+ 1) × T

X.2

Fine Delay Adjust (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Each AD9517 LVDS/CMOS output (OUT4 to OUT7) includes an analog delay element that can be programmed to give variable time delays (Δ

VCO

CLK

DIVIDER

DIVIDE R

X.1

) in the clock signal at that output.

t

BYPASS

ΔT

FINE DELAY

DIVIDER

X.2

Figure 54. Fine Delay (OUT4 to OUT7)

ADJUST

BYPASS

ΔT

FINE DELAY

ADJUST

CMOS

LVDS

CMOS

LVDS

CMOS

OUTM

OUTPUT DRIVERS

OUTN

06425-072

The amount of delay applied to the clock signal is determined by programming four registers per output (see

Tabl e 46 ).

Table 46. Setting Analog Fine Delays

OUTPUT (LVDS/CMOS)

Ramp Capacitors

Ramp Current

Delay Fraction

Delay Bypass

OUT4 0xA1<5:3> 0xA1<2:0> 0xA2<5:0> 0xA0<0> OUT5 0xA4<5:3> 0xA4<2:0> 0xA5<5:0> 0xA3<0> OUT6 0xA7<5:3> 0xA7<2:0> 0xA8<5:0> 0xA6<0> OUT7 0xAA<5:3> 0xAA<2:0> 0xAB<5:0> 0xA9<0>

Calculating the Fine Delay

The following values and equations are used to calculate the delay of the delay block:

I

(μA) = 200 × (Ramp Current + 1)

RAMP

Number of Capacitors = Number of Bits = 0 in Ramp Capacitors + 1

Example: 101 = 1 + 1 = 2; 110 = 1 + 1 = 2; 100 = 2 + 1 = 3; 001 = 2 + 1 = 3; 111 = 0 + 1 = 1.

⎛ ⎜

+×−+=

⎜ ⎝

)) × 1.3286

RAMP

I

CapsofNo.

RAMP

−

1

⎞ ⎟

6

×

⎟ ⎠

Delay Range (ns) = 200 × ((No. of Caps + 3)/(I

4

()

IOffset

RAMP

−

1016000.34ns

Delay Full Scale (ns) = Delay Range + Offset

Fine Delay (ns) = Delay Range × Delay Fraction × (1/63) + Offset

Note that only delay fraction values up to 47 decimals (101111b; 0x2F) are supported.

In no case can the fine delay exceed one-half of the output clock period. If a delay longer than half of the clock period is attempted, the output stops clocking.

The delay function adds some jitter greater than that specified for the nondelayed output. This means that the delay function should be used primarily for clocking digital chips, such as FPGA, ASIC, DUC, and DDC. An output with this delay enabled may not be suitable for clocking data converters. The jitter is higher for long full scales because the delay block uses a ramp and trip points to create the variable delay. A slower ramp time produces more time jitter.

Synchronizing the Outputs—SYNC Function

The AD9517 clock outputs can be synchronized to each other. Outputs can be individually excluded from synchronization. Synchronization consists of setting the nonexcluded outputs to a preset set of static conditions and subsequently releasing these outputs to continue clocking at the same instant with the preset conditions applied. This allows for the alignment of the edges of two or more outputs or for the spacing of edges according to the coarse phase offset settings for two or more outputs.

Rev. 0 | Page 47 of 80

AD9517-1

S

R

Synchronization of the outputs is executed in several ways:

SYNC

• The

pin is forced low and then released (manual SYNC).

• By setting and then resetting any one of the following three

bits: the soft SYNC bit (0x230<0>), the soft reset bit (0x00<5> [mirrored]), or the distribution power-down bit (0x230<1>).

• Synchronization of the outputs can be executed as part of the

chip power-up sequence.

RESET

• The

pin is forced low and then released (chip reset).

PD

pin is forced low and then released (chip power-down).

• Whenever a VCO calibration is completed, an internal SYNC

signal is automatically asserted at the beginning and released upon the completion of a VCO calibration.

CHANNEL DIVIDE

OUTPUT CLOCKING

CHANNEL DIVIDER O UTPUT STAT IC

The most common way to execute the SYNC function is to use

SYNC

the This requires a low-going signal on the

pin to do a manual synchronization of the outputs.

SYNC

pin, which is held low and then released when synchronization is desired. The timing of the SYNC operation is shown in VCO divider) and

Figure 56 (VCO divider not used). There is

Figure 55 (using

an uncertainty of up to one cycle of the clock at the input to the channel divider due to the asynchronous nature of the SYNC signal with respect to the clock edges inside the AD9517. The delay from the

SYNC

rising edge to the beginning of synchronized output clocking is between 14 and 15 cycles of clock at the channel divider input, plus either one cycle of the VCO divider input (see (see

Figure 55), or one cycle of the channel divider input

Figure 56), depending on whether the VCO divider is used.

Cycles are counted from the rising edge of the signal.

Another common way to execute the SYNC function is by setting and resetting the soft SYNC bit at 0x230<0> (see through

Tabl e 61 for details). Both setting and resetting of the

Tabl e 52

soft SYNC bit require an update all registers (0x232<0> = 1) operation to take effect.

CHANNEL DIVIDE

OUTPUT CLOCKING

INPUT TO VCO DIVIDER

INPUT TO CHANNEL DIVIDER

YNC PIN

OUTPUT OF

CHANNEL DIVIDER

123 456 78910

14 TO 15 CYCLES AT CHANNEL DIVIDER INPUT + 1 CYCLE AT VCO DIVIDER I NPUT

Figure 55. SYNC Timing When VCO Divider Is Used—CLK or VCO Is Input

1

11

13 14

12

06425-073

Rev. 0 | Page 48 of 80

AD9517-1

R

V

CHANNEL DIVIDER

OUTPUT CLOCKING

CHANNEL DIVIDER O UTPUT ST ATIC

CHANNEL DIVIDE

OUTPUT CLOCKING

INPUT TO CLK

IINPUT TO CHANNEL DIVI DER

SYNC PIN

OUTPUT OF

CHANNEL DIVIDER

12345678910

14 TO 15 CYCLES AT CHANNEL DIVIDER INPUT + 1 CYCLE AT CLK INPUT

Figure 56. SYNC Timing When VCO Divider Is Not Used—CLK Input Only

A SYNC operation brings all outputs that have not been excluded (by the nosync bit) to a preset condition before allowing the outputs to begin clocking in synchronicity. The preset condition takes into account the settings in each of the channel’s start high bit and its phase offset. These settings govern both the static state of each output when the SYNC operation is happening and the state and relative phase of the outputs when they begin clocking again upon completion of the SYNC operation. Between outputs and after synchronization, this allows for the setting of phase offsets.

The AD9517 outputs are in pairs, sharing a channel divider per pair (two pairs of pairs, four outputs, in the case of CMOS). The synchronization conditions apply to both outputs of a pair.

Each channel (a divider and its outputs) can be excluded from any SYNC operation by setting the nosync bit of the channel. Channels that are set to ignore SYNC (excluded channels) do not set their outputs static during a SYNC operation, and their outputs are not synchronized with those of the nonexcluded channels.

Clock Outputs

The AD9517 offers three output level choices: LVPECL, LVDS, and CMOS. OUT0 to OUT3 are LVPECL differential outputs; and OUT4 to OUT7 are LVDS/CMOS outputs. These outputs can be configured as either LVDS differential or as pairs of single-ended CMOS outputs.

1

11

13 14

12

6425-074

LVPECL Outputs: OUT0 to OUT3

The LVPECL differential voltage (VOD) is selectable from ~400 mV to ~960 mV (see 0xF0:0xF5<3:2>). The LVPECL outputs have dedicated pins for power supply (VS_LVPECL), allowing a separate power supply to be used. V

S_LVPECL

can be

from 2.5 V to 3.3 V.

The LVPECL output polarity can be set as noninverting or inverting, which allows for the adjustment of the relative polarity of outputs within an application without requiring a board layout change. Each LVPECL output can be powered down or powered up as needed. Because of the architecture of the LVPECL output stages, there is the possibility of electrical overstress and breakdown under certain power-down conditions. For this reason, the LVPECL outputs have several power-down modes. This includes a safe power-down mode that continues to protect the output devices while powered down, although it consumes somewhat more power than a total power-down. If the LVPECL output pins are terminated, it is best to select the safe power-down mode. If the pins are not connected (unused), it is acceptable to use the total power-down mode.

3.3

OUT

GND

Figure 57. LVPECL Output Simplified Equivalent Circuit

Rev. 0 | Page 49 of 80

06425-033

AD9517-1

3

A

3

A

V

LVDS/CMOS Outputs: OUT4 to OUT7

OUT4 to OUT7 can be configured as either an LVDS differential output or as a pair of CMOS single-ended outputs. The LVDS outputs allow for selectable output current from ~1.75 mA to ~7 mA.

The LVDS output polarity can be set as noninverting or inverting, which allows for the adjustment of the relative polarity of outputs within an application without requiring a board layout change. Each LVDS output can be powered down if not needed to save power.

.5m

OUT

.5m

Figure 58. LVDS Output Simplified Equivalent Circuit with

3.5 mA Typical Current Source

06425-034

OUT4 to OUT7 can also be CMOS outputs. Each LVDS output can be configured to be two CMOS outputs. This provides for up to eight CMOS outputs: OUT4A, OUT4B, OUT5A, OUT5B, OUT6A, OUT6B, OUT7A, and OUT7B. When an output is configured as CMOS, the CMOS Output A is automatically turned on. The CMOS Output B can be turned on or off independently. The relative polarity of the CMOS outputs can also be selected for any combination of inverting and noninverting. See Tabl e 56 , 0x140<7:5>, 0x141<7:5>, 0x142<7:5>, and 0x143<7:5>.

Each LVDS/CMOS output can be powered-down as needed to save power. The CMOS output power-down is controlled by the same bit that controls the LVDS power-down for that output. This power-down control affects both the CMOS A and CMOS B outputs. However, when the CMOS A output is powered up, the CMOS B output can be powered on or off separately.

S

OUT

06425-035

Figure 59. CMOS Equivalent Output Circuit

RESET MODES

The AD9517 has several ways to force the chip into a reset condition that restores all registers to their default values and makes these settings active.

Power-On Reset—Start-Up Conditions When VS Is Applied

A power-on reset (POR) is issued when the VS power supply is turned on. This initializes the chip to the power-on conditions that are determined by the default register settings. These are indicated in the Default Value (Hex) column of

Tabl e 51 . At power-on, the AD9517 also executes a SYNC operation, which brings the outputs into phase alignment according to the default settings.

Asynchronous Reset via the

RESET

An asynchronous hard reset is executed by momentarily pulling RESET

low. A reset restores the chip registers to the default

settings.

Soft Reset via 0x00<5>

A soft reset is executed by writing 0x00<5> and 0x00<2> = 1b. This bit is not self-clearing; therefore, it must be cleared by writing 0x00<5> and 0x00<2> = 0b to reset it and complete the soft reset operation. A soft reset restores the default values to the internal registers. The soft reset bit does not require an update registers command (0x232) to be issued.

POWER-DOWN MODES

Chip Power-Down via PD

The AD9517 can be put into a power-down condition by pulling the functions and currents inside the AD9517. The chip remains in this power-down state until When woken up, the AD9517 returns to the settings programmed into its registers prior to the power-down, unless the registers are changed by new programming while the

The except the bias current necessary to maintain the LVPECL outputs in a safe shutdown mode. This is needed to protect the LVPECL output circuitry from damage that could be caused by certain termination and load configurations when tristated. Because this is not a complete power-down, it can be called sleep mode.

When the AD9517 is in a following state:

• The PLL is off (asynchronous power-down).

• The VCO is off.

• The CLK input buffer is off.

• All dividers are off.

• All LVDS/CMOS outputs are off.

• All LVPECL outputs are in safe off mode.

• The serial control port is active, and the chip responds to

PD

pin low. Power-down turns off most of the

PD

is brought back to Logic High.

PD

pin is held low.

PD

power-down shuts down the currents on the chip,

PD

power-down, the chip is in the

commands.

Rev. 0 | Page 50 of 80

AD9517-1

If the AD9517 clock outputs must be synchronized to each other, a SYNC is required upon exiting power-down (see the Synchronizing the Outputs—SYNC Function section). A VCO calibration is not required when exiting power-down.

PLL Power-Down

The PLL section of the AD9517 can be selectively powered down. There are three PLL operating modes set by 0x10<1:0>, as shown in

In asynchronous power-down mode, the device powers down as soon as the registers are updated.

In synchronous power-down mode, the PLL power-down is gated by the charge pump to prevent unwanted frequency jumps. The device goes into power-down on the occurrence of the next charge pump event after the registers are updated.

Tab l e 5 3 .

Distribution Power-Down

The distribution section can be powered down by writing 0x230<1> = 1b. This turns off the bias to the distribution section. If the LVPECL power-down mode is normal operation (00b), it is possible for a low impedance load on that LVPECL output to draw significant current during this power-down. If the LVPECL power-down mode is set to 11b, the LVPECL output is not protected from reverse bias and can be damaged under certain termination conditions.

Individual Clock Output Power-Down

Any of the clock distribution outputs may be powered down individually by writing to the appropriate registers. The register map details the individual power-down settings for each output (see

Tabl e 51 ). The LVDS/CMOS outputs may be powered

down, regardless of their output load configuration.

The LVPECL outputs have multiple power-down modes (see

Tabl e 55 ), which give some flexibility in dealing with the various output termination conditions. When the mode is set to 10b, the LVPECL output is protected from reverse bias to 2 VBE + 1 V. If the mode is set to 11b, the LVPECL output is not protected from reverse bias and can be damaged under certain termination conditions. This setting also affects the operation when the distribution block is powered down with 0x230<1> = 1b (see the

Distribution Power-Down section).

Individual Circuit Block Power-Down

Other AD9517 circuit blocks (such as CLK, REF1, and REF2) can be powered down individually. This gives flexibility in configuring the part for power savings whenever certain chip functions are not needed.

Rev. 0 | Page 51 of 80

AD9517-1

SERIAL CONTROL PORT

The AD9517 serial control port is a flexible, synchronous, serial communications port that allows an easy interface with many industry-standard microcontrollers and microprocessors. The AD9517 serial control port is compatible with most synchronous transfer formats, including both the Motorola SPI® and Intel® SSR® protocols. The serial control port allows read/write access to all registers that configure the AD9517. Single- or multiplebyte transfers are supported, as well as MSB first or LSB first transfer formats. The AD9517 serial control port can be configured for a single bidirectional I/O pin (SDIO only) or for two unidirectional I/O pins (SDIO/SDO). By default, the AD9517 is in bidirectional mode, long instruction (long instruction is the only instruction mode supported).

SERIAL CONTROL PORT PIN DESCRIPTIONS

SCLK (serial clock) is the serial shift clock. This pin is an input. SCLK is used to synchronize serial control port reads and writes. Write data bits are registered on the rising edge of this clock, and read data bits are registered on the falling edge. This pin is internally pulled down by a 30 kΩ resistor to ground.

SDIO (serial data input/output) is a dual-purpose pin and acts as either an input only (unidirectional mode) or as both an input/output (bidirectional mode). The AD9517 defaults to the bidirectional I/O mode (0x00<7> = 0).

SDO

(serial data out) is used only in the unidirectional I/O

mode (0x00<7>) as a separate output pin for reading back data.

(chip select bar) is an active low control that gates the read

CS and write cycles. When

is high, SDO and SDIO are in a high

CS

impedance state. This pin is internally pulled up by a 30 kΩ resistor to VS.

13

SCLK

CS

SDO

SDIO

Figure 60. Serial Control Port

AD9517-1

14

SERIAL

15

CONTROL

16

PORT

06425-036

GENERAL OPERATION OF SERIAL CONTROL PORT

A write or a read operation to the AD9517 is initiated by pulling

CS bytes of data (plus instruction data) are transferred (see

In these modes,

boundary, allowing time for the system controller to process the next byte.

high during either part (instruction or data) of the transfer.

low.

CS

stalled high is supported in modes where three or fewer

Tabl e 47 ).

can temporarily return high on any byte

CS

can go high on byte boundaries only and can go

CS

During this period, the serial control port state machine enters a wait state until all data is sent. If the system controller decides to abort the transfer before all of the data is sent, the state machine must be reset by either completing the remaining transfers or by returning the

less than eight SCLK cycles). Raising the

low for at least one complete SCLK cycle (but

CS

on a nonbyte

CS

boundary terminates the serial transfer and flushes the buffer.

In the streaming mode (see Tab l e 47 ), any number of data bytes can be transferred in a continuous stream. The register address is automatically incremented or decremented (see the First Transfers

section). CS must be raised at the end of the last

MSB/LSB

byte to be transferred, thereby ending the stream mode.

Communication Cycle—Instruction Plus Data

There are two parts to a communication cycle with the AD9517. The first writes a 16-bit instruction word into the AD9517, coincident with the first 16 SCLK rising edges. The instruction word provides the AD9517 serial control port with information regarding the data transfer, which is the second part of the communication cycle. The instruction word defines whether the upcoming data transfer is a read or a write, the number of bytes in the data transfer, and the starting register address for the first byte of the data transfer.

Write

If the instruction word is for a write operation, the second part is the transfer of data into the serial control port buffer of the AD9517. Data bits are registered on the rising edge of SCLK.

The length of the transfer (1, 2, 3 bytes or streaming mode) is indicated by two bits (W1:W0) in the instruction byte. When the transfer is 1, 2, or 3 bytes, but not streaming,

CS

can be

raised after each sequence of eight bits to stall the bus (except after the last byte, where it ends the cycle). When the bus is stalled, the serial transfer resumes when

is lowered. Raising CS

CS

on a nonbyte boundary resets the serial control port. During a write, streaming mode does not skip over reserved or blank registers; therefore, the user must know what bit pattern to write to the reserved registers to preserve proper operation of the part. It does not matter what data is written to blank registers.

Because data is written into a serial control port buffer area, not directly into the actual control registers of the AD9517, an additional operation is needed to transfer the serial control port buffer contents to the actual control registers of the AD9517, thereby causing them to become active. The update registers operation consists of setting 0x232<0> = 1b (this bit is selfclearing). Any number of bytes of data can be changed before executing an update registers. The update registers simultaneously actuates all register changes that have been written to the buffer since any previous update.

Rev. 0 | Page 52 of 80

AD9517-1

Read

If the instruction word is for a read operation, the next N × 8 SCLK cycles clock out the data from the address specified in the instruction word, where N is 1 to 3 as determined by W1:W0. If N = 4, the read operation is in streaming mode, continuing until

is raised. Streaming mode does not skip over reserved

CS

or blank registers. The readback data is valid on the falling edge of SCLK.

The default mode of the AD9517 serial control port is the bidirectional mode. In bidirectional mode, both the sent data and the readback data appear on the SDIO pin. It is also possible to set the AD9517 to unidirectional mode (SDO enable register, 0x00<7>). In unidirectional mode, the readback data appears on the SDO pin.

A readback request reads the data that is in the serial control port buffer area, or the data in the active registers (see

Figure 61).

Readback of the buffer or active registers is controlled by 0x04<0>.

The AD9517 supports only the long instruction mode; therefore, 0x00<4:3> must be set to 11b (this register uses mirrored bits). Long instruction mode is the default at power-up or reset.

The AD9517 uses Register Address 0x00 to Register Address 0x232.

SCLK

SDIO

SDO

CS

SERIAL CONTROL PORT

WRITE RE GISTE R 0x232 = 0x01 TO UDATE REG ISTERS

Figure 61. Relationship Between Serial Control Port Buffer Registers and

Active Registers of the AD9517

UPDATE

REGISTERS

BUFFER REGISTERS

ACTIVE REGISTERS

06425-037

THE INSTRUCTION WORD (16 BITS)

The MSB of the instruction word is R/W, which indicates whether the instruction is a read or a write. The next two bits, W1:W0, indicate the length of the transfer in bytes. The final 13 bits are the address (A12:A0) at which to begin the read or write operation.

For a write, the instruction word is followed by the number of bytes of data indicated by Bits W1:W0 (see

Table 47. Byte Transfer Count

W1

0 0 1 0 1 2 1 1 1 Streaming mode

W0 Bytes to Transfer

0 3

Tabl e 47 ).

A12:A0: These 13 bits select the address within the register map that is written to or read from during the data transfer portion of the communications cycle. Only Bits<A9:A0> are needed to cover the range of the 0x232 registers used by the AD9517. Bits<A12:A10> must always be 0b. For multibyte transfers, this address is the starting byte address. In MSB first mode, subsequent bytes increment the address.

MSB/LSB FIRST TRANSFERS

The AD9517 instruction word and byte data can be MSB first or LSB first. Any data written to 0x00 must be mirrored; the upper four bits (7:4) must mirror the lower four bits (3:0). This makes it irrelevant whether LSB first or MSB first is in effect. As an example of this mirroring, see the default setting for this register: 0x18, which mirrors Bit 4 and Bit 3. This sets the long instruction mode (default, and is the only mode supported).

The default for the AD9517 is MSB first.

When LSB first is set by 0x00<2> and 0x00<6>, it takes effect immediately, because it only affects the operation of the serial control port and does not require that an update be executed.

When MSB first mode is active, the instruction and data bytes must be written from MSB to LSB. Multibyte data transfers in MSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the register address of the most significant data byte. Subsequent data bytes must follow in order from the high address to the low address. In MSB first mode, the serial control port internal address generator decrements for each data byte of the multibyte transfer cycle.

When LSB first is active, the instruction and data bytes must be written from LSB to MSB. Multibyte data transfers in LSB first format start with an instruction byte that includes the register address of the least significant data byte followed by multiple data bytes. The internal byte address generator of the serial control port increments for each byte of the multibyte transfer cycle.

The AD9517 serial control port register address decrements from the register address just written toward 0x00 for multibyte I/O operations if the MSB first mode is active (default). If the LSB first mode is active, the register address of the serial control port increments from the address just written toward 0x232 for multibyte I/O operations.

Streaming mode always terminates when it hits Address 0x232. Note that unused addresses are not skipped during multibyte I/O operations.

Table 48. Streaming Mode (No Addresses Are Skipped)

Write Mode

LSB first MSB first Decrement 0x01, 0x00, 0x232, stop

Address Direction Stop Sequence

Increment 0x230, 0x231, 0x232, stop

Rev. 0 | Page 53 of 80

AD9517-1

K

Table 49. Serial Control Port, 16-Bit Instruction Word, MSB First

MSB LSB

I15 I14 I13 I12 I11 I10 I9 I8 I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0

R/W

CS

SCL

DON'T CARE

W1 W0 A12 = 0 A11 = 0 A10 = 0 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

DON'T CARE

SDIO A12W0W1R/W A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

16-BIT INST RUCTION HEADE R REGISTE R (N) DATA REG ISTER (N – 1) DATA

Figure 62. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes Data

CS

SCLK

DON'T CARE

SDIO

SDO

DON'T CARE

A12W0W1R/ W A11 A10 A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 A3 A2 A1 A0

D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

REGISTE R (N) DATA16-BIT INST RUCTION HE ADER REG ISTER ( N – 1) DATA REG ISTER (N – 2 ) DATA REG ISTER (N – 3) DAT A

Figure 63. Serial Control Port Read—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Four Bytes Data

t

CS

SCLK

SDIO

DON'T CARE

DS

t

S

R/W

t

DH

W1W0A12A11A10A9A8A7A6A5D4D3D2D1D0

t

HI

t

CLK

t

LO

t

C

DON'T CARE

Figure 64. Serial Control Port Write—MSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Timing Measurements

CS

DON'T CARE

DON'T

CARE

6425-040

6425-038

06425-039

SCLK

t

DV

SDIO

SDO

DATA BIT N – 1DATA BIT N

06425-041

Figure 65. Timing Diagram for Serial Control Port Register Read

CS

DON'T CARE

SCL

SDIO

DON'T CARE

A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 A10 A11 A12 D1D0R/WW1W0 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

16-BIT INST RUCTION HEADE R REGIST ER (N) DATA RE GISTER ( N + 1) DATA

DON'T CARE

6425-042

Figure 66. Serial Control Port Write—LSB First, 16-Bit Instruction, Two Bytes Data

Rev. 0 | Page 54 of 80

AD9517-1

SCLK

CS

t

S

t

CLK

t

HI

t

DS

t

DH

t

LO

t

C

SDIO

BIT N BIT N + 1

Figure 67. Serial Control Port Timing—Write

Table 50. Serial Control Port Timing

Parameter Description

t

DS

t

DH

t

CLK

t

S

t

C

t

HI

t

LO

t

DV

Setup time between data and rising edge of SCLK Hold time between data and rising edge of SCLK Period of the clock Setup time between CS falling edge and SCLK rising edge (start of communication cycle) Setup time between SCLK rising edge and CS rising edge (end of communication cycle) Minimum period that SCLK should be in a Logic High state Minimum period that SCLK should be in a Logic Low state SCLK to valid SDIO and SDO (see Figure 65)

06425-043

Rev. 0 | Page 55 of 80

AD9517-1

REGISTER MAP OVERVIEW

Table 51. Register Map Overview

Default Addr (Hex)

Serial Port Configuration

00 Serial Port

01 Blank 02 to

03 04 Read Back

PLL

10 PFD and

11 R Counter 14-Bit R Divider Bits<7:0> (LSB) 01 12 Blank 14-Bit R Divider Bits<13:8> (MSB) 00 13 A Counter Blank 6-Bit A Counter 00 14 13-Bit B Counter Bits<7:0> (LSB) 03 15 16 PLL Control 1 Set CP Pin

17 PLL Control 2 STATUS Pin Control Antibacklash Pulse Width 00 18 PLL Control 3 Reserved Lock Detect Counter Digital Lock

19 PLL Control 4

1A PLL Control 5 Reserved Reference

1B PLL Control 6 VCO

1C PLL Control 7 Disable

1D PLL Control 8 Reserved PLL Status

1E PLL Control 9

1F PLL Readback Reserved VCO Cal

20 to 4F

Parameter

Configuration

Control

Charge Pump

B Counter

Bit 7 (MSB)

SDO Active

PFD Polarity

/2

to V

CP

R, A, B Counters

Pin Reset

Frequency Monitor

Switchover Deglitch

Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 (LSB)

LSB First Soft Reset Long

Charge Pump Current Charge Pump Mode PLL Power-Down 7D

Blank 13-Bit B Counter Bits<12:8> (MSB) 00

Reset R Counter

SYNC

Frequency Monitor Threshold

REF2

REFIN

( Frequency Monitor

Select REF2

Finished

)

Reset A and B Counters

REF1 (REFIN) Frequency Monitor

Use REF_SEL Pin

Holdover Active

Instruction

Reserved

Blank Read Back

Reset All Counters

Detect Window

R Path Delay N Path Delay 00

Automatic Reference Switchover

Register Disable

REF2 Selected

Blank

Long Instruction

B Counter Bypass

Disable Digital Lock Detect

Stay on REF2

LD Pin Comparator Enable

Reserved

VCO Frequency > Threshold

Soft Reset LSB First SDO Active 18

Active Registers

Prescaler P 06

VCO Calibration Divider VCO Cal

LD Pin Control 00

REFMON Pin Control 00

REF2 Power On

Holdover Enable

REF2 Frequency > Threshold

REF1 Power On

External Holdover Control

REF1 Frequency >Threshold

Now

Differential Reference

Holdover Enable

Digital Lock Detect

Value

(Hex)

00

06

00

--

Rev. 0 | Page 56 of 80

AD9517-1

Default Addr (Hex)

Fine Delay Adjust: OUT4 to OUT7

A0 OUT4 Delay

A1 OUT4 Delay

A2 OUT4 Delay

A3 OUT5 Delay

A4 OUT5 Delay

A5 OUT5 Delay

A6 OUT6 Delay

A7 OUT6 Delay

Parameter

Bypass

Full-Scale

Fraction

Bypass

Full-Scale

Fraction

Bypass

Full-Scale

Bit 7 (MSB)

Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 (LSB)

Blank OUT4 Delay

Bypass

Blank OUT4 Ramp Capacitors OUT4 Ramp Current 00

Blank OUT4 Delay Fraction 00

Blank OUT5 Delay

Bypass

Blank OUT5 Ramp Capacitors OUT5 Ramp Current 00

Blank OUT5 Delay Fraction 00

Blank OUT6 Delay

Bypass

Blank OUT6 Ramp Capacitors OUT6 Ramp Current 00

Value

(Hex)

01

A8 OUT6 Delay

Fraction

A9 OUT7 Delay

Bypass

AA OUT7 Delay

Full-Scale

AB OUT7 Delay

Fraction

AC to EF

LVPECL Outputs

F0 OUT0 Blank OUT0

F1 OUT1 Blank OUT1

F2 to F3

F4 OUT2 Blank OUT2

F5 OUT3 Blank OUT3

F6 to 13F

LVDS/CMOS Outputs

140 OUT4 OUT4 CMOS Output

Polarity

141 OUT5 OUT5 CMOS Output

Polarity

142 OUT6 OUT6 CMOS Output

Polarity

143 OUT7 OUT7 CMOS Output

Polarity

144 to 18F

Blank OUT6 Delay Fraction 00

Blank OUT7 Delay

Blank OUT7 Ramp Capacitors OUT7 Ramp Current 00

Blank OUT7 Delay Fraction 00

Blank

Invert

Reserved

Invert

Blank

OUT4 LVDS/ CMOS Output Polarity

OUT5 LVDS/ CMOS Output Polarity

OUT6 LVDS/ CMOS Output Polarity

OUT7 LVDS/ CMOS Output Polarity

OUT4 CMOS B

OUT5 CMOS B

OUT6 CMOS B

OUT7 CMOS B

Blank

OUT0 LVPECL

Differential Voltage

OUT1 LVPECL

Differential Voltage

OUT2 LVPECL

Differential Voltage

OUT3 LVPECL

Differential Voltage

OUT4 Select LVDS/CMOS

OUT5 Select LVDS/CMOS

OUT6 Select LVDS/CMOS

OUT7 Select LVDS/CMOS

OUT0 Power-Down 08

OUT1 Power-Down A

OUT2 Power-Down 08

OUT3 Power-Down 0A

OUT4 LVDS Output

Current

OUT5 LVDS Output

Current

OUT6 LVDS Output

Current

OUT7 LVDS Output

Current

Bypass

OUT4 Power-Down

OUT5 Power-Down

OUT6 Power-Down

OUT7 Power-Down

01

42

43

42

43

Rev. 0 | Page 57 of 80

AD9517-1

Default Addr (Hex)

LVPECL Channel Dividers

190 Divider 0

191 Divider 0

192 Blank Reserved Divider 0

193 to 195

196 Divider1

197 Divider 1

198 Blank Reserved Divider 1

LVDS/CMOS Channel Dividers

199 Divider 2

19A Phase Offset Divider 2.2 Phase Offset Divider 2.1 00 19B Low Cycles Divider 2.2 High Cycles Divider 2.2 11

19C Reserved Bypass

19D Blank Reserved Divider 2

19E Divider 3

19F Phase Offset Divider 3.2 Phase Offset Divider 3.1 00 1A0 Low Cycles Divider 3.2 High Cycles Divider 3.2 11 1A1 Reserved Bypass

1A2 Blank Reserved Divider 3

1A3 Reserved

1A4 to 1DF

VCO Divider and CLK Input

1E0 VCO Divider Blank Reserved VCO Divider 02

Parameter

(PECL)

(LVDS/CMOS)

Bit 7 (MSB)

Bypass

Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

Divider 0 Low Cycles Divider 0 High Cycles 00

Divider 0 Nosync

Divider 1 Low Cycles Divider 1 High Cycles 00

Divider 1 Nosync

Low Cycles Divider 2.1 High Cycles Divider 2.1 22

Low Cycles Divider 3.1 High Cycles Divider 3.1 22

Divider 0 Force High

Divider 1 Force High

Divider 2.2

Divider 3.2

Divider 0 Start High

Reserved

Divider 1 Start High

Bypass Divider 2.1

Bypass Divider 3.1

Blank

Divider 2 Nosync

Divider 3 Nosync

Divider 0 Phase Offset 80

Direct to Output

Divider 1 Phase Offset 00

Direct to Output

Divider 2 Force High

Divider 3 Force High

Start High Divider 2.2

Start High Divider 3.2

Bit 0 (LSB)

Divider 0 DCCOFF

Divider 1 DCCOFF

Start High Divider 2.1

DCCOFF

Start High Divider 3.1

DCCOFF

Value

(Hex)

00

1E1 Input CLKs Reserved Power-

1E2 to 22A

Down Clock Input Section

Blank

Rev. 0 | Page 58 of 80

Power-Down VCO Clock Interface

PowerDown VCO and CLK

Select VCO or CLK

Bypass VCO Divider

00

AD9517-1

Default Addr (Hex)

System

230 Power-Down

231 Blank Reserved 00

Update All Registers

232 Update All

Parameter

and Sync

Registers

Bit 7 (MSB)

Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1

Reserved Power-

Down Sync

Blank Update All

PowerDown Distribution Reference

Bit 0 (LSB)

Soft Sync 00

Registers (Self-Clearing Bit)

Value

(Hex)

00

Rev. 0 | Page 59 of 80

AD9517-1

REGISTER MAP DESCRIPTIONS

Tabl e 52 through Tab le 6 1 provide a detailed description of each of the control register functions. The registers are listed by hexadecimal address. Reference to a specific bit or range of bits within a register is indicated by angle brackets. For example, <3> refers to Bit 3, and <5:2> refers to the range of bits from Bit 5 through Bit 2.

Table 52. Serial Port Configuration

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s) Name Description

00 <7> SDO Active Selects unidirectional or bidirectional data transfer mode. <7> = 0; SDIO pin used for write and read; SDO set high impedance; bidirectional mode. <7> = 1; SDO used for read; SDIO used for write; unidirectional mode. 00 <6> LSB First MSB or LSB data orientation. <6> = 0; data-oriented MSB first; addressing decrements. <6> = 1; data-oriented LSB first; addressing increments. 00 <5> Soft Reset Soft Reset.

00 <4> Long Instruction

<4> = 0; 8-bit instruction (short). <4> = 1; 16-bit instruction (long). 00 <3:0> Mirror<7:4>

<0> = <7>. <1> = <6>. <2> = <5>. <3> = <4>. 04 <0> Read Back Active Registers Select register bank used for a readback. <0> = 0; read back buffer registers. <0> = 1; read back active registers.

<5> = 1 (not self-clearing). Soft reset; restores default values to internal registers. Not self-clearing. Must be cleared to 0b to complete reset operation.

Short/long instruction mode (this part uses long instruction mode only, so this bit should always be = 1).

Bits<3:0> should always mirror Bits<7:4> so that it does not matter whether the part is in MSB or LSB first mode (see Register 0x00<6>). User should set bits as follows:

Rev. 0 | Page 60 of 80

AD9517-1

Table 53. PLL

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

10 <7> PFD Polarity

<7> = 0; positive (higher control voltage produces higher frequency). <7> = 1; negative (higher control voltage produces lower frequency). 10 <6:4> CP Current Charge pump current (with CPRSET = 5.1 kΩ).

0 0 0 0.6 0 0 1 1.2 0 1 0 1.8 0 1 1 2.4 1 0 0 3.0 1 0 1 3.6 1 1 0 4.2 1 1 1 4.8 10 <3:2> CP Mode Charge pump operating mode.

0 0 High impedance state. 0 1 Force source current (pump up). 1 0 Force sink current (pump down). 1 1 Normal operation. 10 <1:0> PLL Power- PLL operating mode. Down 0 0 Normal operation. 0 1 Asynchronous power-down. 1 0 Normal operation. 1 1 Synchronous power-down. 11 <7:0>

12 <5:0>

13 <5:0>

14 <7:0>

15 <4:0>

16 <7> Set CP Pin Set the CP pin to one-half of the VCP supply voltage. to VCP/2 <7> = 0; CP normal operation. <7> = 1; CP pin set to VCP/2. 16 <6> Reset R Reset R counter (R divider). Counter <6> = 0; normal. <6> = 1; reset R counter. 16 <5> Reset A and B Reset A and B counters (part of N divider). Counters <5> = 0; normal. <5> = 1; reset A and B counters.

14-Bit R Divider Bits<7:0> (LSB)

14-Bit R Divider Bits<13:8> (MSB)

6-Bit A Counter

13-Bit B Counter Bits<7:0> (LSB)

13-Bit B Counter Bits<12:8> (MSB)

Sets the PFD polarity. Negative polarity is for use (if needed) with external VCO/VCXO only. The on-chip VCO requires positive polarity <7> = 0.

<6> <5> <4> ICP (mA)

<3> <2> Charge Pump Mode

<1> <0> Mode

R divider LSBs—lower eight bits.

R divider MSBs—upper six bits.

A counter (part of N divider).

B counter (part of N divider)—lower eight bits.

B counter (part of N divider)—upper five bits.

Rev. 0 | Page 61 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

16 <4> Reset All Reset R, A, and B counters. Counters <4> = 0; normal. <4> = 1; reset R, A, and B counters. 16 <3> B Counter B counter bypass. This is valid only when operating the prescaler in FD mode. Bypass <3> = 0; normal.

16 <2:0> Prescaler P Prescaler: DM = dual modulus and FD = fixed divide.

0 0 0 FD Divide-by-1. 0 0 1 FD Divide-by-2. 0 1 0 DM Divide-by-2 and divide-by-3 when A ≠ 0; divide-by-2 when A = 0. 0 1 1 DM Divide-by-4 and divide-by-5 when A ≠ 0; divide-by-4 when A = 0. 1 0 0 DM Divide-by-8 and divide-by-9 when A ≠ 0; divide-by-8 when A = 0. 1 0 1 DM Divide-by-16 and divide-by-17 when A ≠ 0; divide-by-16 when A = 0. 1 1 0 DM Divide-by-32 and divide-by-33 when A ≠ 0; divide-by-32 when A = 0. 1 1 1 FD Divide-by-3. 17 <7:2> STATUS Select the signal that is connected to the STATUS pin Pin Control

0 0 0 0 0 0 LVL Ground (dc). 0 0 0 0 0 1 DYN N divider output (after the delay). 0 0 0 0 1 0 DYN R divider output (after the delay). 0 0 0 0 1 1 DYN A divider output. 0 0 0 1 0 0 DYN Prescaler output. 0 0 0 1 0 1 DYN PFD up pulse. 0 0 0 1 1 0 DYN PFD down pulse. 0 X X X X X LVL Ground (dc); for all other cases of 0XXXXX not specified. The selections that follow are the same as REFMON. 1 0 0 0 0 0 LVL Ground (dc). 1 0 0 0 0 1 DYN REF1 clock (differential reference when in differential mode). 1 0 0 0 1 0 DYN REF2 clock (N/A in differential mode). 1 0 0 0 1 1 DYN

1 0 0 1 0 0 DYN

1 0 0 1 0 1 LVL

1 0 0 1 1 0 LVL

1 0 0 1 1 1 LVL Status REF1 frequency (active high). 1 0 1 0 0 0 LVL Status REF2 frequency (active high). 1 0 1 0 0 1 LVL (Status REF1 frequency) AND (status REF2 frequency). 1 0 1 0 1 0 LVL (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO). 1 0 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO frequency (active high). 1 0 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF1, high = REF2). 1 0 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD); active high. 1 0 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active high). 1 0 1 1 1 1 LVL LD pin comparator output (active high). 1 1 0 0 0 0 LVL VS (PLL supply).

Name Description

<3> = 1; B counter is set to divide-by-1. This allows the prescaler setting to determine the divide for the N divider.

<2> <1> <0> Mode Prescaler

<7> <6> <5> <4> <3> <2>

Level or Dynamic Signal

Signal at STATUS Pin

Selected reference to PLL (differential reference when in differential mode).

Unselected reference to PLL (not available in differential mode).

Status of selected reference (status of differential reference); active high.

Status of unselected reference (not available in differential mode); active high.

Rev. 0 | Page 62 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

1 1 0 0 0 1 DYN 1 1 0 0 1 0 DYN 1 1 0 0 1 1 DYN

1 1 0 1 0 0 DYN

1 1 0 1 0 1 LVL

1 1 0 1 1 0 LVL

1 1 0 1 1 1 LVL Status of REF1 frequency (active low). 1 1 1 0 0 0 LVL Status of REF2 frequency (active low). 1 1 1 0 0 1 LVL

1 1 1 0 1 0 LVL 1 1 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO Frequency (active low).

1 1 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF2, high = REF1).

1 1 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD) (active low). 1 1 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active low). 1 1 1 1 1 1 LVL LD pin comparator output (active low). 17 <1:0> Antibacklash Pulse Width 0 0 2.9 0 1 1.3 1 0 6.0 1 1 2.9 18 <6:5>

0 0 5 0 1 16 1 0 64 1 1 255 18 <4>

Window <4> = 0; high range. <4> = 1; low range. 18 <3> Disable Digital lock detect operation. Digital <3> = 0; normal lock detect operation. Lock Detect <3> = 1; disable lock detect. 18 <2:1> VCO Cal VCO Calibration Divider. Divider used to generate the VCO calibration clock from the PLL reference clock. Divider 0 0 2 0 1 4 1 0 8 1 1 16 (default) 18 <0>

Name Description

<7> <6> <5> <4> <3> <2>

<1> <0> Antibacklash Pulse Width (ns)

Lock Detect Counter

Digital Lock Detect

VCO Cal Now

Required consecutive number of PFD cycles with edges inside lock detect window before the DLD indicates a locked condition.

<6> <5> PFD Cycles to Determine Lock

If the time difference of the rising edges at the inputs to the PFD are less than the lock detect window time, the digital lock detect flag is set. The flag remains set until the time difference is greater than the loss-of-lock threshold.

<2> <1> VCO Calibration Clock Divider

Bit used to initiate the VCO calibration. This bit must be toggled from 0 to 1 in the active registers. The sequence to initiate a calibration is: program to a 0, followed by an update bit (Register 0x232<0>); then programmed to 1, followed by another update bit (Register 0x232<0>). This sequence gives complete control over when the VCO calibration occurs relative to the programming of other registers that can impact the calibration.

Level or Dynamic Signal

Signal at STATUS Pin

REF1 clock REF2 clock Selected reference to PLL

differential mode). Unselected reference to PLL

differential mode). Status of selected reference (status of differential reference);

active low. Status of unselected reference (not available in differential

mode); active low.

(Status of REF1 frequency) AND (status of REF2 frequency) (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO)

(differential reference when in differential mode). (not available in differential mode).

(differential reference when in

(not available when in

.

Rev. 0 | Page 63 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

19 <7:6> R, A, B Counters 0 0

Reset 1 0 Synchronous reset. 1 1

19 <5:3> R Path Delay <5:3> R Path Delay (see Table 2). 19 <2:0> N Path Delay <2:0> N Path Delay (see Table 2 ). 1A <6>

Monitor <6> = 0; frequency valid if frequency is above the higher frequency threshold. Threshold <6> = 1; frequency valid if frequency is above the lower frequency threshold. 1A <5:0> LD Pin Select the signal that is connected to the LD pin. Control

0 0 0 0 0 0 LVL Digital lock detect (high = lock, low = unlock). 0 0 0 0 0 1 DYN P-channel, open-drain lock detect (analog lock detect). 0 0 0 0 1 0 DYN N-channel, open-drain lock detect (analog lock detect). 0 0 0 0 1 1 HIZ High-Z LD pin. 0 0 0 1 0 0 CUR Current source lock detect (110 μA when DLD is true). 0 X X X X X LVL Ground (dc); for all other cases of 0XXXXX not specified. The selections that follow are the same as REFMON. 1 0 0 0 0 0 LVL Ground (dc). 1 0 0 0 0 1 DYN REF1 clock (differential reference when in differential mode). 1 0 0 0 1 0 DYN REF2 clock (N/A in differential mode). 1 0 0 0 1 1 DYN

1 0 0 1 0 0 DYN Unselected reference to PLL (not available in differential mode). 1 0 0 1 0 1 LVL

1 0 0 1 1 0 LVL

1 0 0 1 1 1 LVL Status REF1 frequency (active high). 1 0 1 0 0 0 LVL Status REF2 frequency (active high). 1 0 1 0 0 1 LVL (Status REF1 frequency) AND (status REF2 frequency). 1 0 1 0 1 0 LVL (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO). 1 0 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO frequency (active high). 1 0 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF1, high = REF2). 1 0 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD); active high. 1 0 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active high). 1 0 1 1 1 1 LVL N/A—do not use. 1 1 0 0 0 0 LVL VS (PLL supply). 1 1 0 0 0 1 DYN

1 1 0 0 1 0 DYN 1 1 0 0 1 1 DYN

1 1 0 1 0 0 DYN

1 1 0 1 0 1 LVL

Name Description

<7> <6> Action

SYNC

Reference Frequency

0 1 Asynchronous reset.

Sets the reference (REF1/REF2) frequency monitor’s detection threshold frequency. This does not affect the VCO frequency monitor’s detection threshold (see Table 16 , REF1, REF2, and VCO Frequency Status Monitor).

<5> <4> <3> <2> <1> <0>

Do nothing on

SYNC

(default).

.

Level or Dynamic Signal

Signal at LD Pin

Selected reference to PLL (differential reference when in differential mode).

Status of selected reference (status of differential reference); active high.

Status of unselected reference (not available in differential mode); active high.

REF1 clock REF2 clock Selected reference to PLL

differential mode). Unselected reference to PLL

mode). Status of selected reference (status of differential reference);

active low.

(differential reference when in differential mode). (not available in differential mode).

(differential reference when in

(not available when in differential

Rev. 0 | Page 64 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

1 1 0 1 1 0 LVL

1 1 0 1 1 1 LVL Status of REF1 frequency (active low). 1 1 1 0 0 0 LVL Status of REF2 frequency (active low). 1 1 1 0 0 1 LVL

1 1 1 0 1 0 LVL 1 1 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO frequency (active low).

1 1 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF2, high = REF1). 1 1 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD); active low. 1 1 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active low). 1 1 1 1 1 1 LVL N/A—do not use. 1B <7> VCO Enable or disable VCO frequency monitor. Frequency <7> = 0; disable VCO frequency monitor. Monitor <7> = 1; enable VCO frequency monitor. 1B <6>

Frequency <6> = 0; disable REF2 frequency monitor. Monitor <6> = 1; enable REF2 frequency monitor. 1B <5>

Monitor <5> = 0; disable REF1 (REFIN) frequency monitor. <5> = 1; enable REF1 (REFIN) frequency monitor. 1B <4:0> REFMON Pin Select the signal that is connected to the REFMON pin. Control

0 0 0 0 0 LVL Ground (dc). 0 0 0 0 1 DYN REF1 clock (differential reference when in differential mode). 0 0 0 1 0 DYN REF2 clock (N/A in differential mode). 0 0 0 1 1 DYN

0 0 1 0 0 DYN Unselected reference to PLL (not available in differential mode). 0 0 1 0 1 LVL

0 0 1 1 0 LVL

0 0 1 1 1 LVL Status REF1 frequency (active high). 0 1 0 0 0 LVL Status REF2 frequency (active high). 0 1 0 0 1 LVL (Status REF1 frequency) AND (status REF2 frequency). 0 1 0 1 0 LVL (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO). 0 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO frequency (active high). 0 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF1, high = REF2). 0 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD); active low. 0 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active high). 0 1 1 1 1 LVL LD pin comparator output (active high). 1 0 0 0 0 LVL VS (PLL supply). 1 0 0 0 1 DYN

1 0 0 1 0 DYN 1 0 0 1 1 DYN

Name Description

<5> <4> <3> <2> <1> <0>

Enable or disable REF2 frequency monitor.

REFIN

REF2 (

REF1 (REFIN) Frequency

)

REF1 (REFIN) frequency monitor enable; this is for both REF1 (single-ended) and REFIN (differential) inputs (as selected by differential reference mode).

<4> <3> <2> <1> <0>

Level or Dynamic Signal

Signal at LD Pin

Status of unselected reference (not available in differential mode); active low.

(Status of REF1 frequency) AND (status of REF2 frequency) (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO)

Signal at REFMON Pin

Selected reference to PLL (differential reference when in differential mode).

Status of selected reference (status of differential reference); active high.

Status of unselected reference (not available in differential mode); active high.

REF1 clock REF2 clock Selected reference to PLL

differential mode).

(differential reference when in differential mode). (not available in differential mode).

(differential reference when in

.

Rev. 0 | Page 65 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

<4> <3> <2> <1> <0>

1 0 1 0 0 DYN

1 0 1 0 1 LVL

1 0 1 1 0 LVL

1 0 1 1 1 LVL Status of REF1 frequency (active low). 1 1 0 0 0 LVL Status of REF2 frequency (active low). 1 1 0 0 1 LVL

1 1 0 1 0 LVL 1 1 0 1 1 LVL Status of VCO frequency (active low).

1 1 1 0 0 LVL Selected reference (low = REF2, high = REF1). 1 1 1 0 1 LVL Digital lock detect (DLD); active low. 1 1 1 1 0 LVL Holdover active (active low). 1 1 1 1 1 LVL LD pin comparator output (active low). 1C <7> Disable Disable or enable the switchover deglitch circuit. Switchover <7> = 0; enable switchover deglitch circuit. Deglitch <7> = 1; disable switchover deglitch circuit. 1C <6> Select REF2 If Register 0x1C<5> = 0, select reference for PLL. <6> = 0; select REF1. <6> = 1; select REF2. 1C <5> Use REF_SEL If Register 0x1C<4> = 0 (manual), set method of PLL reference selection. Pin <5> = 0; use Register 0x1C<6>. <5> = 1; use REF_SEL pin. 1C <4>

Switchover <4> = 0; manual reference switchover. <4> = 1; automatic reference switchover. 1C <3> Stay on REF2 Stay on REF2 after switchover. <3> = 0; return to REF1 automatically when REF1 status is good again. <3> = 1; stay on REF2 after switchover. Do not automatically return to REF1. 1C <2> REF2 When automatic reference switchover is disabled, this bit turns the REF2 power on. Power-On <2> = 0; REF2 power off. <2> = 1; REF2 power on. 1C <1> REF1 When automatic reference switchover is disabled, this bit turns the REF1 power on. Power-On <1> = 0; REF1 power-off. <1> = 1; REF1 power-on. 1C <0>

<0> = 0; single-ended reference mode. <0> = 1; differential reference mode. 1D <4> PLL Status Disables the PLL status register readback. Register <4> = 0; PLL status register enable. Disable <4> = 1; PLL status register disable.

Automatic Reference

Differential Reference

Automatic or manual reference switchover. Single-ended reference mode must be selected by Register 0x1C<0> = 0.

Selects the PLL reference mode, differential or single-ended. Single-ended must be selected for the automatic switchover for REF1 and REF2 to work.

Level or Dynamic Signal

Signal at REFMON Pin

Unselected reference to PLL differential mode).

Status of selected reference (status of differential reference); active low.

Status of unselected reference (not available in differential mode); active low.

(Status of REF1 frequency) AND (status of REF2 frequency) (DLD) AND (status of selected reference) AND (status of VCO)

(not available when in

.

Rev. 0 | Page 66 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

1D <3>

<3> = 0; disable LD pin comparator; internal/automatic holdover controller treats this pin as true (high). <3> = 1; enable LD pin comparator. 1D <2> Holdover Along with <0> enables the holdover function. Enable <2> = 0; holdover disabled. <2> = 1; holdover enabled. 1D <1> External

Holdover <1> = 0; automatic holdover mode—holdover controlled by automatic holdover circuit. Control

1D <0> Holdover Along with <2> enables the holdover function. Enable <0> = 0; holdover disabled. <0> = 1; holdover enabled. 1F <6> VCO Cal Readback register: status of the VCO calibration. Finished <6> = 0; VCO calibration not finished. <6> = 1; VCO calibration finished. 1F <5>

<5> = 0; not in holdover. <5> = 1; holdover state active. 1F <4> REF2 Readback register: indicates which PLL reference is selected as the input to the PLL. Selected <4> = 0; REF1 selected (or differential reference if in differential mode). <4> = 1; REF2 selected. 1F <3>

Threshold <3> = 0; VCO frequency is less than the threshold. <3> = 1; VCO frequency is greater than the threshold. 1F <2>

Threshold <2> = 0; REF2 frequency is less than threshold frequency. <2> = 1; REF2 frequency is greater than threshold frequency. 1F <1>

Threshold <1> = 0; REF1 frequency is less than threshold frequency. <1> = 1; REF1 frequency is greater than threshold frequency. 1F <0> Digital Lock Readback register: digital lock detect. Detect <0> = 0; PLL is not locked. <0> = 1; PLL is locked.

LD Pin Comparator Enable

Holdover Active

VCO Frequency >

REF2 Frequency >

REF1 Frequency >

Enables the LD pin voltage comparator. This is used with the LD pin current source lock detect mode. When in the internal (automatic) holdover mode, this enables the use of the voltage on the LD pin to determine if the PLL was previously in a locked state (see the REFMON and STATUS pins to monitor the voltage on this pin.

Enables the external hold control through the

<1> = 1; external holdover mode—holdover controlled by

Readback register: indicates if the part is in the holdover state (see enabled.

Readback register: indicates if the VCO frequency is greater than the threshold (see Frequency Status Monitor).

Readback register: indicates if the frequency of the signal at REF2 is greater than the threshold frequency set by Register 0x1A<6>.

SYNC pin. (This disables the internal holdover mode.)

Figure 51). Otherwise, this can be used with

SYNC pin.

Figure 51). This is not the same as holdover

Table 16, REF1, REF2, and VCO

Rev. 0 | Page 67 of 80

AD9517-1

Table 54. Fine Delay Adjust: OUT4 to OUT7

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

A0 <0> OUT4 Delay Bypass or use the delay function. Bypass <0> = 0; use delay function. <0> = 1; bypass delay function. A1 <5:3>

0 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 A1 <2:0>

0 0 0 200 0 0 1 400 0 1 0 600 0 1 1 800 1 0 0 1000 1 0 1 1200 1 1 0 1400 1 1 1 1600 A2 <5:0>

A3 <0> OUT5 Delay Bypass or use the delay function. Bypass <0> = 0; use delay function. <0> = 1; bypass delay function. A4 <5:3>

0 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1

OUT4 Ramp Capacitors

OUT4 Ramp Current

OUT4 Delay Fraction

OUT5 Ramp Capacitors

Selects the number of ramp capacitors used by the delay function. The combination of the number of the capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<5> <4> <3> Number of Capacitors

Ramp current for the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<2> <1> <0> Current (μA)

Selects the fraction of the full-scale delay desired (6-bit binary). 000000 gives zero delay. Only delay values up to 47 decimals (101111b; 0x2F) are supported.

Selects the number of ramp capacitors used by the delay function. The combination of the number of the capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<5> <4> <3> Number of Capacitors

Rev. 0 | Page 68 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

A4 <2:0>

0 0 0 200 0 0 1 400 0 1 0 600 0 1 1 800 1 0 0 1000 1 0 1 1200 1 1 0 1400 1 1 1 1600 A5 <5:0>

A6 <0> OUT6 Delay Bypass or use the delay function. Bypass <0> = 0; use delay function. <0> = 1; bypass delay function. A7 <5:3>

0 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 A7 <2:0>

0 0 0 200 0 0 1 400 0 1 0 600 0 1 1 800 1 0 0 1000 1 0 1 1200 1 1 0 1400 1 1 1 1600 A8 <5:0>

A9 <0> OUT7 Delay Bypass or use the delay function. Bypass <0> = 0; use delay function. <0> = 1; bypass delay function.

Name Description

OUT5 Ramp Current

OUT5 Delay Fraction

OUT6 Ramp Capacitors

OUT6 Ramp Current

OUT6 Delay Fraction

Ramp current for the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<2> <1> <0> Current (μA)

Selects the fraction of the full-scale delay desired (6-bit binary). 000000 give zero delay. Only delay values up to 47 decimals (101111b; 0x2F) are supported.

Selects the number of ramp capacitors used by the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<5> <4> <3> Number of Capacitors

Ramp current for the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<2> <1> <0> Current (μA)

Selects the fraction of the full-scale delay desired (6-bit binary). 000000 gives zero delay. Only delay values up to 47 decimals (101111b; 0x2F) are supported.

Rev. 0 | Page 69 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

AA <5:3>

0 0 0 4 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 3 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 3 1 0 1 2 1 1 0 2 1 1 1 1 AA <2:0>

0 0 0 200 0 0 1 400 0 1 0 600 0 1 1 800 1 0 0 1000 1 0 1 1200 1 1 0 1400 1 1 1 1600 AB <5:0>

Name Description

OUT7 Ramp Capacitors

OUT7 Ramp Current

OUT7 Delay Fraction

Selects the number of ramp capacitors used by the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<5> <4> <3> Number of Capacitors

Ramp current for the delay function. The combination of the number of capacitors and the ramp current sets the delay full scale.

<2> <1> <0> Current Value (μA)

Selects the fraction of the full-scale delay desired (6-bit binary). 000000 gives zero delay. Only delay values up to 47 decimals (101111b; 0x2F) are supported.

Table 55. LVPECL Outputs

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

F0 <4> OUT0 Invert Sets the output polarity. <4> = 0; noninverting. <4> = 1; inverting. F0 <3:2> OUT0 LVPECL Sets the LVPECL output differential voltage (VOD). Differential Voltage 0 0 400 0 1 600 1 0 780 1 1 960 F0 <1:0> OUT0 LVPECL power-down modes. Power-Down 0 0 Normal operation. On 0 1 Partial power-down, reference on; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off 1 0 Partial power-down, reference on, safe LVPECL power-down. Off 1 1 Total power-down, reference off; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off F1 <4> OUT1 Invert Sets the output polarity. <4> = 0; noninverting. <4> = 1; inverting.

<3> <2> V

<1> <0> Mode Output

OD

(mV)

Rev. 0 | Page 70 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

F1 <3:2> OUT1 LVPECL Sets the LVPECL output differential voltage (VOD). Differential Voltage 0 0 400 0 1 600 1 0 780 1 1 960 F1 <1:0> OUT1 LVPECL power-down modes. Power-Down 0 0 Normal operation. On 0 1 Partial power-down, reference on; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off 1 0 Partial power-down, reference on, safe LVPECL power-down. Off 1 1 Total power-down, reference off; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off F4 <4> OUT2 Invert Sets the output polarity. <4> = 0; noninverting. <4> = 1; inverting. F4 <3:2> OUT2 LVPECL Sets the LVPECL output differential voltage (VOD). Differential Voltage 0 0 400 0 1 600 1 0 780 1 1 960 F4 <1:0> OUT2 LVPECL power-down modes. Power-Down 0 0 Normal operation. On 0 1 Partial power-down, reference on; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off 1 0 Partial power-down, reference on, safe LVPECL power-down. Off 1 1 Total power-down, reference off; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off F5 <4> OUT3 Invert Sets the output polarity. <4> = 0; noninverting. <4> = 1; inverting. F5 <3:2> OUT3 LVPECL Sets the LVPECL output differential voltage (VOD). Differential Voltage 0 0 400 0 1 600 1 0 780 1 1 960 F5 <1:0> OUT3 LVPECL power-down modes. Power-Down 0 0 Normal operation. On 0 1 Partial power-down, reference on; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off 1 0 Partial power-down, reference on, safe LVPECL power-down. Off 1 1 Total power-down, reference off; use only if there are no external load resistors. Off

Name Description

<3> <2> V

<1> <0> Mode Output

<3> <2> VOD (mV)

<1> <0> Mode Output

<3> <2> V

<1> <0> Mode Output

OD

(mV)

Rev. 0 | Page 71 of 80

AD9517-1

Table 56. LVDS/CMOS Outputs

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

140 <7:5>

0 0 0 Noninverting Inverting Noninverting 0 1 0 Noninverting Noninverting Noninverting 1 0 0 Inverting Inverting Noninverting 1 1 0 Inverting Noninverting Noninverting 0 0 1 Inverting Noninverting Inverting 0 1 1 Inverting Inverting Inverting 1 0 1 Noninverting Noninverting Inverting 1 1 1 Noninverting Inverting Inverting 140 <4> OUT4 CMOS B In CMOS mode, turn on/off the CMOS B output. There is no effect in LVDS mode. <4> = 0; turn off the CMOS B output. <4> = 1; turn on the CMOS B output. 140 <3> OUT4 Select LVDS/CMOS Select LVDS or CMOS logic levels. <3> = 0; LVDS. <3> = 1; CMOS. 140 <2:1> OUT4 LVDS Output Current Set output current level in LVDS mode. This has no effect in CMOS mode.

0 0 1.75 100 0 1 3.5 100 1 0 5.25 50 1 1 7 50 140 <0> OUT4 Power-Down Power-down output (LVDS/CMOS). <0> = 0; power on. <0> = 1; power off. 141 <7:5> OUT5 Output Polarity

0 0 0 Noninverting Inverting Noninverting 0 1 0 Noninverting Noninverting Noninverting 1 0 0 Inverting Inverting Noninverting 1 1 0 Inverting Noninverting Noninverting 0 0 1 Inverting Noninverting Inverting 0 1 1 Inverting Inverting Inverting 1 0 1 Noninverting Noninverting Inverting 1 1 1 Noninverting Inverting Inverting 141 <4> OUT5 CMOS B In CMOS mode, turn on/off the CMOS B output. There is no effect in LVDS mode. <4> = 0; turn off the CMOS B output. <4> = 1; turn on the CMOS B output. 141 <3> OUT5 Select LVDS/CMOS Select LVDS or CMOS logic levels. <3> = 0; LVDS. <3> = 1; CMOS. 141 <2:1> OUT5 LVDS Output Current Set output current level in LVDS mode. This has no effect in CMOS mode.

0 0 1.75 100 0 1 3.5 100 1 0 5.25 50 1 1 7 50

OUT4 Output Polarity

In CMOS mode, <7:5> select the output polarity of each CMOS output. In LVDS mode, only <5> determines LVDS polarity.

<7> <6> <5> OUT4A (CMOS) OUT4B (CMOS) OUT4 (LVDS)

<2> <1> Current (mA) Recommended Termination (Ω)

In CMOS mode, <7:5> select the output polarity of each CMOS output. In LVDS mode, only <5> determines LVDS polarity.

<7> <6> <5> OUT5A (CMOS) OUT5B (CMOS) OUT5 (LVDS)

<2> <1> Current (mA) Recommended Termination (Ω)

Rev. 0 | Page 72 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

141 <0> OUT5 Power-Down Power-down output (LVDS/CMOS). <0> = 0; power on. <0> = 1; power off. 142 <7:5> OUT6 Output Polarity

0 0 0 Noninverting Inverting Noninverting 0 1 0 Noninverting Noninverting Noninverting 1 0 0 Inverting Inverting Noninverting 1 1 0 Inverting Noninverting Noninverting 0 0 1 Inverting Noninverting Inverting 0 1 1 Inverting Inverting Inverting 1 0 1 Noninverting Noninverting Inverting 1 1 1 Noninverting Inverting Inverting 142 <4> OUT6 CMOS B In CMOS mode, turn on/off the CMOS B output. There is no effect in LVDS mode.

142 <3> OUT6 Select LVDS/CMOS Select LVDS or CMOS logic levels.

142 <2:1> OUT6 LVDS Output Current Set output current level in LVDS mode. This has no effect in CMOS mode.

142 <0> OUT6 Power-Down Power-down output (LVDS/CMOS). <0> = 0; power on. <0> = 1; power off. 143 <7:5> OUT7 Output Polarity

0 0 0 Noninverting Inverting Noninverting 0 1 0 Noninverting Noninverting Noninverting 1 0 0 Inverting Inverting Noninverting 1 1 0 Inverting Noninverting Noninverting 0 0 1 Inverting Noninverting Inverting 0 1 1 Inverting Inverting Inverting 1 0 1 Noninverting Noninverting Inverting 1 1 1 Noninverting Inverting Inverting 143 <4> OUT7 CMOS B In CMOS mode, turn on/off the CMOS B output. There is no effect in LVDS mode. <4> = 0; turn off the CMOS B output. <4> = 1; turn on the CMOS B output. 143 <3> OUT7 Select LVDS/CMOS Select LVDS or CMOS logic levels. <3> = 0; LVDS. <3> = 1; CMOS.

Name Description

In CMOS mode, <7:5> select the output polarity of each CMOS output. In LVDS mode, only <5> determines LVDS polarity.

<7> <6> <5> OUT6A (CMOS) OUT6B (CMOS) OUT6 (LVDS)

<4> = 0; turn off the CMOS B output. <4> = 1; turn on the CMOS B output.

<3> = 0; LVDS. <3> = 1; CMOS.

<2> <1> Current (mA) Recommended Termination (Ω)

0 0 1.75 100 0 1 3.5 100 1 0 5.25 50 1 1 7 50

In CMOS mode, <7:5> select the output polarity of each CMOS output. In LVDS mode, only <5> determines LVDS polarity.

<7> <6> <5> OUT7A (CMOS) OUT7B (CMOS) OUT7 (LVDS)

Rev. 0 | Page 73 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

143 <2:1> OUT7 LVDS Output Current Set output current level in LVDS mode. This has no effect in CMOS mode.

0 0 1.75 100 0 1 3.5 100 1 0 5.25 50 1 1 7 50 143 <0> OUT7 Power-Down Power-down output (LVDS/CMOS). <0> = 0; power on. <0> = 1; power off.

Table 57. LVPECL Channel Dividers

Reg. Addr (Hex)

190 <7:4> Divider 0 Low Cycles Number of clock cycles of the divider input during which divider output stays low.

190 <3:0> Divider 0 High Cycles Number of clock cycles of the divider input during which divider output stays high.

191 <7> Divider 0 Bypass Bypass and power-down the divider; route input to divider output. <7> = 0; use divider. <7> = 1; bypass divider. 191 <6> Divider 0 Nosync Nosync. <6> = 0; obey chip-level SYNC signal. <6> = 1; ignore chip-level SYNC signal. 191 <5> Divider 0 Force High Force divider output to high. This requires that nosync also be set. <5> = 0; divider output forced to low. <5> = 1; divider output forced to high. 191 <4> Divider 0 Start High Selects clock output to start high or start low. <4> = 0; start low. <4> = 1; start high. 191 <3:0> Divider 0 Phase Offset Phase offset.

192 <1> Divider 0 Direct to Output Connect OUT0 and OUT1 to Divider 0 or directly to VCO or CLK. <1> = 0: OUT0 and OUT1 are connected to Divider 0.

192 <0> Divider 0 DCCOFF Duty-cycle correction function. <0> = 0; enable duty-cycle correction. <0> = 1; disable duty-cycle correction. 196 <7:4> Divider 1 Low Cycles Number of clock cycles of the divider input during which divider output stays low.

196 <3:0> Divider 1 High Cycles Number of clock cycles of the divider input during which divider output stays high.

197 <7> Divider 1 Bypass Bypass and power-down the divider; route input to divider output. <7> = 0; use divider. <7> = 1; bypass divider. 197 <6> Divider 1 Nosync Nosync. <6> = 0; obey chip-level SYNC signal. <6> = 1; ignore chip-level SYNC signal. 197 <5> Divider 1 Force High Force divider output to high. This requires that nosync also be set. <5> = 0; divider output forced to low. <5> = 1; divider output forced to high.

Name Description

<2> <1> Current (mA) Recommended Termination (Ω)

Bit(s) Name Description

<1> = 1: If 0x1E1<1:0> = 10b, the VCO is routed directly to OUT0 and OUT1. If 0x1E1<1:0> = 00b, the CLK is routed directly to OUT0 and OUT1. If 0x1E1<1:0> = 01b, there is no effect.

Rev. 0 | Page 74 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

197 <4> Divider 1 Start High Selects clock output to start high or start low. <4> = 0; start low. <4> = 1; start high. 197 <3:0> Divider 1 Phase Offset Phase offset.

198 <1> Divider 1 Direct to Output Connect OUT2 and OUT3 to Divider 2 or directly to VCO or CLK. <1> = 0; OUT2 and OUT3 are connected to Divider 1.

198 <0> Divider 1 DCCOFF Duty-cycle correction function. <0> = 0; enable duty-cycle correction. <0> = 1; disable duty-cycle correction.

Table 58. LVDS/CMOS Channel Dividers

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

199 <7:4> Low Cycles Divider 2.1 Number of clock cycles of 2.1 divider input during which 2.1 output stays low.

199 <3:0> High Cycles Divider 2.1 Number of clock cycles of 2.1 divider input during which 2.1 output stays high.

19A <7:4> Phase Offset Divider 2.2 Refer to LVDS/CMOS channel divider function description.

19A <3:0> Phase Offset Divider 2.1 Refer to LVDS/CMOS channel divider function description.

19B <7:4> Low Cycles Divider 2.2 Number of clock cycles of 2.2 divider input during which 2.2 output stays low.

19B <3:0> High Cycles Divider 2.2 Number of clock cycles of 2.2 divider input during which 2.2 output stays high.

19C <5> Bypass Divider 2.2 Bypass (and power-down) 2.2 divider logic, route clock to 2.2 output. <5> = 0; do not bypass. <5> = 1; bypass. 19C <4> Bypass Divider 2.1 Bypass (and power-down) 2.1 divider logic, route clock to 2.1 output. <4> = 0; do not bypass. <4> = 1; bypass. 19C <3> Divider 2 Nosync Nosync. <3> = 0; obey chip-level SYNC signal. <3> = 1; ignore chip-level SYNC signal. 19C <2> Divider 2 Force High Force Divider 2 output high. Requires that nosync also be set. <2> = 0; force low. <2> = 1; force high. 19C <1> Start High Divider 2.2 Divider 2.2 start high/low. <1> = 0; start low. <1> = 1; start high. 19C <0> Start High Divider 2.1 Divider 2.1 start high/low. <0> = 0; start low. <0> = 1; start high. 19D <0> Divider 2 DCCOFF Duty-cycle correction function. <0> = 0; enable duty-cycle correction. <0> = 1; disable duty-cycle correction. 19E <7:4> Low Cycles Divider 3.1 Number of clock cycles of divider 3.1 input during which 3.1 output stays low.

19E <3:0> High Cycles Divider 3.1 Number of clock cycles of 3.1 divider input during which 3.1 output stays high.

19F <7:4> Phase Offset Divider 3.2 Refer to LVDS/CMOS channel divider function description.

<1> = 1: If 0x1E1<1:0> = 10b, the VCO is routed directly to OUT2 and OUT3. If 0x1E1<1:0> = 00b, the CLK is routed directly to OUT2 and OUT3. If 0x1E1<1:0> = 01b, there is no effect.

Rev. 0 | Page 75 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

19F <3:0> Phase Offset Divider 3.1 Refer to LVDS/CMOS channel divider function description.

1A0 <7:4> Low Cycles Divider 3.2 Number of clock cycles of 3.2 divider input during which 3.2 output stays low.

1A0 <3:0> High Cycles Divider 3.2 Number of clock cycles of 3.2 divider input during which 3.2 output stays high.

1A1 <5> Bypass Divider 3.2 Bypass (and power-down) 3.2 divider logic, route clock to 3.2 output. <5> = 0; do not bypass. <5> = 1; bypass. 1A1 <4> Bypass Divider 3.1 Bypass (and power-down) 3.1 divider logic, route clock to 3.1 output. <4> = 0; do not bypass. <4> = 1; bypass. 1A1 <3> Divider 3 Nosync Nosync. <3> = 0; obey chip-level SYNC signal. <3> = 1; ignore chip-level SYNC signal. 1A1 <2> Divider 3 Force High Force Divider 3 output high. Requires that nosync also be set. <2> = 0; force low. <2> = 1; force high. 1A1 <1> Start High Divider 3.2 Divider 3.2 start high/low. <1> = 0; start low. <1> = 1; start high. 1A1 <0> Start High Divider 3.1 Divider 3.1 start high/low. <0> = 0; start low. <0> = 1; start high. 1A2 <0> Divider 3 DCCOFF Duty-cycle correction function. <0> = 0; enable duty-cycle correction. <0> = 1; disable duty-cycle correction.

Name Description

Table 59. VCO Divider and CLK Input

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

1E0 <2:0> VCO Divider

0 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 0 1 0 4 0 1 1 5 1 0 0 6 1 0 1 Output static 1 1 0 Output static 1 1 1 Output static 1E1 <4> Power-Down Clock Input Section Power down the clock input section (including CLK buffer, VCO divider, and CLK tree). <4> = 0; normal operation. <4> = 1; power-down. 1E1 <3> Power-Down VCO Clock Interface Power down the interface block between VCO and clock distribution. <3> = 0; normal operation. <3> = 1; power-down. 1E1 <2> Power-Down VCO and CLK Power down both VCO and CLK input. <2> = 0; normal operation. <2> = 1; power-down.

<2> <1> <0> Divide

Rev. 0 | Page 76 of 80

AD9517-1

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

1E1 <1> Select VCO or CLK Select either the VCO or the CLK as the input to VCO divider. <1> = 0; select external CLK as input to VCO divider. <1> = 1; select VCO as input to VCO divider; cannot bypass VCO divider when this is selected. 1E1 <0> Bypass VCO Divider Bypass or use the VCO divider. <0> = 0; use VCO divider. <0> = 1; bypass VCO divider; cannot select VCO as input when this is selected.

Table 60. System

Reg. Addr (Hex) Bit(s)

230 <2> Power-Down SYNC Power down the SYNC function. <2> = 0; normal operation of the SYNC function. <2> = 1; power-down SYNC circuitry. 230 <1> Power-Down Distribution Reference Power down the reference for distribution section. <1> = 0; normal operation of the reference for the distribution section. <1> = 1; power down the reference for the distribution section. 230 <0> Soft SYNC

Name Description

The soft SYNC bit works the same as the is reversed. That is, a high level forces selected channels into a predetermined static state, and a 1-to-0 transition triggers a SYNC.

<0> = 0; same as <0> = 1; same as

SYNC pin, except that the polarity of the bit

SYNC high. SYNC low.

Table 61. Update All Registers

Reg. Addr (Hex)

Bit(s) Name Description

232 <0>

<0> = 1 (self-clearing); update all active registers to the contents of the buffer registers.

Update All Registers

This bit must be set to 1 to transfer the contents of the buffer registers into the active registers. This happens on the next SCLK rising edge. This bit is self-clearing; that is, it does not have to be set back to 0.

Rev. 0 | Page 77 of 80

AD9517-1

V

APPLICATION NOTES

USING THE AD9517 OUTPUTS FOR ADC CLOCK APPLICATIONS

Any high speed ADC is extremely sensitive to the quality of its sampling clock. An ADC can be thought of as a sampling mixer, and any noise, distortion, or timing jitter on the clock is combined with the desired signal at the analog-to-digital output. Clock integrity requirements scale with the analog input frequency and resolution, with higher analog input frequency applications at ≥14-bit resolution being the most stringent. The theoretical SNR of an ADC is limited by the ADC resolution and the jitter on the sampling clock. Considering an ideal ADC of infinite resolution where the step size and quantization error can be ignored, the available SNR can be expressed approximately by

LVPECL CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

The LVPECL outputs of the AD9517 provide the lowest jitter clock signals available from the AD9517. The LVPECL outputs (because they are open emitter) require a dc termination to bias the output transistors. The simplified equivalent circuit in Figure 57 shows the LVPECL output stage.

In most applications, an LVPECL far-end Thevenin termination is recommended, as shown in designed to match the transmission line impedance (50 Ω) and the switching threshold (V

S_LVPECL

Figure 69. The resistor network is

− 1.3 V).

S

S_LVPECL

V

S

50Ω

127Ω127Ω

SNR

⎛ ⎜

×=

log20(dB)

⎜ ⎝

⎞

1

⎟ ⎟

π

tf

2

J

A

⎠

where:

f

is the highest analog frequency being digitized.

A

is the rms jitter on the sampling clock.

t

J

Figure 68 shows the required sampling clock jitter as a function of the analog frequency and effective number of bits (ENOB).

110

f

A

(MHz)

SNR = 20log

t

J

=

1

0

2

0

f

S

4

0

f

S

1

p

s

2

p

s

1

0

p

s

0

100

90

80

70

SNR (dB)

60

50

40

30

10 1k100

Figure 68. SNR and ENOB vs. Analog Input Frequency

2πf

f

S

1

AtJ

18

16

14

12

ENOB

10

8

6

See the AN-756 application note and the AN-501 application note

www.analog.com.

at

Many high performance ADCs feature differential clock inputs to simplify the task of providing the required low jitter clock on a noisy PCB. (Distributing a single-ended clock on a noisy PCB can result in coupled noise on the sample clock. Differential distribution has inherent common-mode rejection that can provide superior clock performance in a noisy environment.) The AD9517 features both LVPECL and LVDS outputs that provide differential clock outputs, which enable clock solutions that maximize converter SNR performance. The input requirements of the ADC (differential or single-ended, logic level termination) should be considered when selecting the best clocking/converter solution.

LVPECL

SINGLE-E NDED

(NOT CO UPLED)

50Ω

V

= VS – 1.3V

T

LVPECL

83Ω83Ω

6425-045

Figure 69. LVPECL Far-End Thevenin Termination

S_LVPECL

LVPECL

0.1nF

200Ω 200Ω

100Ω DIFFERENTIAL

(COUPLED)

TRANSMISSION LINE

100Ω

S_LVPECL

LVPECL

06425-046

Figure 70. LVPECL with Parallel Transmission Line

LVDS CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

The AD9517 provides four clock outputs (OUT4 to OUT7) that are selectable as either CMOS or LVDS level outputs. LVDS is a differential output option that uses a current mode output stage. The nominal current is 3.5 mA, which yields 350 mV output swing across a 100 Ω resistor. The LVDS output meets or

06425-044

exceeds all ANSI/TIA/EIA-644 specifications.

A recommended termination circuit for the LVDS outputs is shown in

Figure 71.

S

LVDS

DIFFERENTIAL (COUPLED)

100Ω

Figure 71. LVDS Output Termination

S

LVDS

06425-047

See the AN-586 application note at www.analog.com for more information on LVDS.

Rev. 0 | Page 78 of 80

AD9517-1

V

Ω

CMOS CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

The AD9517 provides four clock outputs (OUT4 to OUT7) that are selectable as either CMOS or LVDS level outputs. When selected as CMOS, each output becomes a pair of CMOS outputs, each of which can be individually turned on or off and set as noninverting or inverting. These outputs are 3.3 V CMOS compatible.

Whenever single-ended CMOS clocking is used, some of the following general guidelines should be used.

Point-to-point nets should be designed such that a driver has only one receiver on the net, if possible. This allows for simple termination schemes and minimizes ringing due to possible mismatched impedances on the net. Series termination at the source is generally required to provide transmission line matching and/or to reduce current transients at the driver. The value of the resistor is dependent on the board design and timing requirements (typically 10 Ω to 100 Ω is used). CMOS outputs are also limited in terms of the capacitive load or trace length that they can drive. Typically, trace lengths less than 3 inches are recommended to preserve signal rise/fall times and preserve signal integrity.

60.4

(1.0 INCH)

10Ω

CMOS CMOS

Figure 72. Series Termination of CMOS Output

MICROSTRIP

06425-076

Termination at the far-end of the PCB trace is a second option. The CMOS outputs of the AD9517 do not supply enough current to provide a full voltage swing with a low impedance resistive, far-end termination, as shown in

Figure 73. The farend termination network should match the PCB trace impedance and provide the desired switching point. The reduced signal swing may still meet receiver input requirements in some applications. This can be useful when driving long trace lengths on less critical nets.

S

10Ω

CMOS CMOS

Figure 73. CMOS Output with Far-End Termination

50Ω

100Ω

6425-077

Because of the limitations of single-ended CMOS clocking, consider using differential outputs when driving high speed signals over long traces. The AD9517 offers both LVPECL and LVDS outputs that are better suited for driving long traces where the inherent noise immunity of differential signaling provides superior performance for clocking converters.

Rev. 0 | Page 79 of 80

AD9517-1

OUTLINE DIMENSIONS

0.30

0.23

0.18 PIN 1

48

INDICATOR

1

BSC SQ

PIN 1 INDICATOR

7.00

0.60 MAX

37

36

0.60 MAX

1.00

0.85

0.80

12° MAX

SEATING PLANE

TOP

VIEW

0.80 MAX

0.65 TYP

0.50 BSC

COMPLIANT TO JEDEC STANDARDS MO-220-VKKD-2

6.75

BSC SQ

0.20 REF

0.50

0.40

0.30

0.05 MAX

0.02 NOM COPLANARITY

0.08

25

24

EXPOSED

PAD

(BOTTOM VIEW)

5.50 REF

13

5.25

5.10 SQ

4.95

12

0.25 MIN

Figure 74. 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package [LFCSP_VQ]

7 mm × 7 mm Body, Very Thin Quad

CP-48-1

Dimensions shown in millimeters

ORDERING GUIDE

Model Temperature Range Package Description Package Option

AD9517-1BCPZ AD9517-1BCPZ-REEL7 AD9517-1/PCBZ

1

Z = RoHS Compliant Part.

1

−40°C to +85°C 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ) CP-48-1

−40°C to +85°C 48-Lead Lead Frame Chip Scale Package (LFCSP_VQ) CP-48-1 Evaluation Board

Rev. 0 | Page 80 of 80

ANALOG DEVICES AD9517-1 Service Manual

Specifications and Main Features

Frequently Asked Questions

User Manual

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REVISION HISTORY

SPECIFICATIONS

POWER SUPPLY REQUIREMENTS

PLL CHARACTERISTICS

CLOCK INPUTS

CLOCK OUTPUTS

TIMING CHARACTERISTICS

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE PHASE NOISE (DISTRIBUTION ONLY; VCO DIVIDER NOT USED)

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE PHASE NOISE (INTERNAL VCO USED)

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK GENERATION USING INTERNAL VCO)

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK CLEANUP USING INTERNAL VCO)

CLOCK OUTPUT ABSOLUTE TIME JITTER (CLOCK GENERATION USING EXTERNAL VCXO)

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER (VCO DIVIDER NOT USED)

CLOCK OUTPUT ADDITIVE TIME JITTER (VCO DIVIDER USED)

DELAY BLOCK ADDITIVE TIME JITTER

SERIAL CONTROL PORT

PD, SYNC, AND RESET PINS

LD, STATUS, REFMON PINS

POWER DISSIPATION

TIMING DIAGRAMS

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

THERMAL RESISTANCE

ESD CAUTION

PIN CONFIGURATION AND FUNCTION DESCRIPTIONS

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

TERMINOLOGY

DETAILED BLOCK DIAGRAM

THEORY OF OPERATION

OPERATIONAL CONFIGURATIONS

High Frequency Clock Distribution—CLK or External VCO >1600 MHz

Internal VCO and Clock Distribution

Clock Distribution or External VCO <1600 MHz

Configuration and Register Settings

Phase-Locked Loop (PLL)

Configuration of the PLL

Phase Frequency Detector (PFD)

Charge Pump (CP)

On-Chip VCO

PLL External Loop Filter

PLL Reference Inputs

Reference Switchover

Reference Divider R

VCXO/VCO Feedback Divider N: P, A, B, R

Prescaler

A and B Counters

R and N Divider Delays

DIGITAL LOCK DETECT (DLD)

Analog Lock Detect (ALD)

Current Source Digital Lock Detect (DLD)

Holdover

Manual Holdover Mode

Automatic/Internal Holdover Mode

Frequency Status Monitors

VCO Calibration

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION

Internal VCO or External CLK as Clock Source

CLK or VCO Direct to LVPECL Outputs

Clock Frequency Division

VCO Divider

Channel Dividers—LVPECL Outputs

Channel Frequency Division (0, 1)

Duty Cycle and Duty-Cycle Correction (0, 1)

Phase Offset or Coarse Time Delay (0, 1)

Channel Dividers—LVDS/CMOS Outputs

Channel Frequency Division (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Duty Cycle and Duty-Cycle Correction (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Phase Offset or Coarse Time Delay (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Fine Delay Adjust (Divider 2 and Divider 3)

Calculating the Fine Delay

Synchronizing the Outputs—SYNC Function

Clock Outputs